cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The In-Line Forces Acting on an Elastically Mounted Cylinder Oscillating in Still Water

The drag and the inertia coefficients of the in-line force were determined experimentally based on the Morison equation. The interrelationship of the in-line force coefficients with the frequency ratio, the amplitude ratio, and the y-direction response were carefully examined. The experimental results show that the frequency ratio is more important in determining the drag coefficient than either the Reynolds number or the reduced velocity, and that the drag coefficient is highly coupled to the y-direction response.
The McCarthy drawing tests as a group instrument

Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine whether group administration of the Draw-A-Design and Draw-A-Child subtests of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities would yield valid results. Eighty-three children from kindergarten through second grade were administered the two drawing subtests in a group setting. Thirty of these children were also tested individually in a counterbalanced design. Children's drawing scores based on the group format correlated significantly with group achievement tests administered 1 month later. No significant differences were found between means or variances from individual to group administration, and correlations between the two types of administration were in the mid. 80s. Results suggest that the McCarthy drawing tests may be administered validly in a group format, and that scores obtained from a group administration are significantly related to school achievement.
Spatially bounded regions for resource governance

Despite a growing body of theory that emphasises the importance of socio-spatial aspects in the representation of community interests, regionalisation for natural resource governance remains dominated by river catchments. At the same time, Australian local governments are being given increasing responsibilities for environmental and resource management, but work within boundaries that are largely historical artefacts. The confluence of these trends suggests it is timely to examine the requirements for spatial definition of resource governance regions. We contend that there are three essential requirements for efficient and effective natural resource planning and governance. First, the nature and reach of environmental externalities of resource use should determine the size and nesting of resource management regions. Second, the boundaries of resource governance regions should enclose areas of greatest interest and importance to local residents. Third, the biophysical characteristics of a resource governan...
Lack of morbidity from urodynamic studies in children with asymptomatic bacteriuria

Abstract Objectives. Patients on clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) have a high rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Although prophylactic antibiotics for routine surgical procedures in patients with bacteriuria is common practice, the role of prophylaxis for invasive diagnostic procedures remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the morbidity associated with urodynamic evaluation in patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Methods. Routine urodynamic evaluation was performed in 69 pediatric patients (mean age 10 years). Ninety-six percent had a neurogenic bladder, and most were on CIC. Routine urine cultures were obtained at the time of the cystometrogram. Forty-six patients had positive urine cultures, and 23 patients with sterile urine served as a comparison. Patients were evaluated subjectively for symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI) within 1 week of the procedure. The results of the cystometrograms were compared between the patients with and without bacteriuria. Results. No patient developed symptomatic UTI after the urodynamic studies. Overall, 65% of the patients with and 52% of the patients without bacteriuria had adequate capacity and compliance, and there was no difference in the urodynamic findings between the patients with and without bacteriuria ( P = 0.4). Conclusions. Urodynamic studies were performed safely in the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the present study. Therefore, routine use of urine cultures or prophylactic antibiotics before urodynamic studies in pediatric patients with a neurogenic bladder does not appear to be indicated.
Heuristics and general principles of learning

This research on decision-making heuristics is similar to research on animal learning in at least two ways. First, optimality modeling has not proven to be very useful for either research area. Second, both of these research areas seek to find general principles (or heuristics) that are applicable to different species in different settings. However, the basic principles of classical and operant conditioning seem to be more uniform across species and situations, whereas decision-making heuristics can vary for different species and different situations, even for tasks with very similar characteristics.
Hurricane Katrina and the need for changes in the federal funding of disaster mental health

Recent findings showing chronic post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health symptoms in individuals exposed to Hurricane Katrina cogently argues for changes in the federal funding of mental health following disasters. This commentary discusses the evidence for protracted high rates of mental health problems in both adults and children following Katrina. The limitations to current mental health funding legislation post-disaster are noted, and initial suggestions for additional disaster-related mental health funding programs are made.
The amino acid composition of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.

Abstract A detailed amino acid analysis of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase is presented, along with a re-evaluation of the extinction coefficient at 280 nm, and a determination of the partial specific volume from the amino acid data.
Changes in ventricular hemodynamics caused by a systemic-pulmonary shunt.

Abstract Systemic pulmonary shunts are both surgically created (Blalock-Taussig anastomosis) and obliterated (patent ductus arteriosus), but the effects of such a vascular communication on left ventricular hemodynamics have not been examined quantitatively. To study these effects, innominate arterial allografts were sutured between the descending thoracic aorta and the left main pulmonary artery in nine mongrel dogs. Left ventricular output (LVO) and shunt flow (SF) were monitored with electromagnetic flow probes while simultaneous phasic and mean pressures were recorded from the right atrium, aorta (AOP), and pulmonary artery. Data points (192) were analyzed while SF was varied between 0.02 and 5.5 liters/min using a variable-sized constricting band. Regression analysis showed increases (P
Detection of Rapidly Labeled Phosphatidic Acid in Lactating Mammary Gland of the Intact Rat

Abstract Within 10 min following intravenous injections of phosphorus-32 labeled phosphoric acid into lactating rats, an intensely labeled pool of phosphatidic acid could be demonstrated in the mammary tissue. This finding provides supporting evidence for existence of the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway of milk triglyceride synthesis in the intact animal.
Comments on “seismic properties of the Eltanin transform system, south Pacific” by Emile A. Okal and Amy R. Langenhorst

Abstract Seismicity in the Eltanin transform system region reflects the current relative motion between the Pacific and Antarctica plates. As such, the seismicity provides little or no constraints on models for late Neogene Pacific absolute plate motion changes that in turn forced a synchronous change in relative plate motions resulting in the current relative plate motion.
Workplace harassment, active coping, and alcohol-related outcomes

Abstract Purpose: While sexual harassment and generalized workplace abuse (GWA) have been linked with alcohol use and abuse, active problem-focused coping has been shown to lessen vulnerability to deleterious mental health consequences of varied social stressors. At the same time, active coping is relatively more efficacious in response to stressors, which are amenable to change by personal actions. However, the moderating role that coping plays in relation to harassment and drinking is unknown. Method: Using data from a two-wave survey of university employees (N=2038), we addressed the extent to which (1) active coping was utilized by harassed and abused employees, (2) whether coping impacted on the continuation or cessation of harassment and abuse, and (3) the extent to which nonsuccessful coping was predictive of alcohol use and abuse. Results: Active coping had no significant impact on the ability to end harassing or abusive experiences. Moreover, the use of problem-focused coping that was unsuccessful predicted some drinking outcomes for both men and women, controlling for Wave 1 drinking and sociodemographic characteristics. Implications: The data suggest that increased institutional attention to the prevention of workplace harassment and abuse might impact on decreasing alcohol use and abuse.
Structural relationship between one-dimensional crystals of Guinier–Preston–Bagaryatsky zones in Al–Cu–Mg alloys

The crystal structure of Guinier–Preston–Bagaryatsky (GPB) zones in Al–Cu–Mg alloys is unique, consisting of agglomerated one-dimensional (1D) crystals. This work identifies and fully describes a new type of 1D crystal of the GPB zone family based on high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The observation enables the structural relationship between the possible 1D crystals to be generalized. Ab initio calculations show that the newly identified 1D crystal has a formation energy that is comparable to larger types, and much more favorable than face-centered-cubic-based models.
A mathematical model and computer simulation study of insulin sensitive glucose transporter regulation.

A mathematical model of insulin sensitive glucose transporter regulation is developed. Model structure is based on experimental evidence from adipocytes and myocytes. Model parameters correspond with known cellular processes. As an example, computer simulation results are compared with data from rat adipocytes. Cellular processes explicitly represented in the model include state-dependent glucose transporter synthesis and degradation rates, insulin sensitive glucose transporter translocation rates, and a glucose transporter endocytosis rate. Most of these processes are represented as first-order events. Using more complex representations of the model structure (e.g. higher order rate constants or saturable pathways) or alternative structures did not result in qualitatively better results. The model is able to accurately simulate the insulin sensitive, insulin concentration dependent, reversible translocation of glucose transporters observed in normal adipocytes. The model is also able to accurately simulate the changes in regulation of glucose transporter translocation observed with increases in cell surface area. Finally, the model can simulate pathogenic states which induce impairment of glucose transporter regulation (e.g. altered glucose transporter regulation in adipocytes from rats on high fat diets, rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes, and fasted rats). Since the structure of our model is sufficient to explain glucose transporter regulation in both normal and pathological states, it may aid in understanding the post-receptor components of insulin resistance (decreased sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin) seen in pathological states such as obesity and diabetes mellitus.
DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV: biochemical activities, physiological roles during chromosome replication, and drug sensitivities

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are the two type II topoisomerases present in bacteria. Though clearly related, based on amino acid sequence similarity, they each play crucial, but distinct, roles in the cell. Gyrase is involved primarily in supporting nascent chain elongation during replication of the chromosome, whereas topoisomerase IV separates the topologically linked daughter chromosomes during the terminal stage of DNA replication. These different roles can be attributed to differences in the biochemical properties of the two enzymes. The biochemical activities, physiological roles, and drug sensitivities of the enzymes are reviewed.
False‐Positive alkaloid reactions obtained with extracts of Piper methysticum

Piper methysticum Forst. (Piperaceae) has been reported by several investigators to contain alkaloids. Several screening methods utilized in this study substantiated these findings; however, after comparing a variety of test procedures, these “positive” alkaloid tests were shown to be due to certain non-nitrogenous α-pyrone compounds. The α-pyrones were also demonstrated to react with a modified Dragendorff spray reagent, after thin-layer chromatography on silica gel G plates. The orange color produced after spraying these α-pyrones was typical of the usual alkaloid positive result, but the color persisted for less than 24 hours. The use of heat to dissolve extracted residues in 1% hydrochloric acid for testing was shown to intensify the alkaloid-like reactions. The results are discussed relative to the screening methods employed.
Targeted disruption of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein D4 leads to modest weight reduction and minor alterations in lipid metabolism

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)D4 is a member of the StAR related lipid transfer family. Homology comes from the approximately 210 amino acid lipid binding domain implicated in intracellular transport, cell signaling, and lipid metabolism. StARD4 was identified as a gene downregulated 2-fold by dietary cholesterol (Soccio, R. E., R. M. Adams, K. N. Maxwell, and J. L. Breslow. 2005. Differential gene regulation of StarD4 and StarD5 cholesterol transfer proteins. Activation of StarD4 by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and StarD5 by endoplasmic reticulum stress. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 19410-19418). A mouse knockout was created to investigate StARD4's functionality and role in lipid metabolism. Homozygous knockout mice exhibited normal Mendelian mating genetics, but weighed less than wild-type littermates, an effect not accounted for by energy metabolism or food intake. Body composition as analyzed by DEXA scan showed no significant difference. No significant alterations in plasma or liver lipid content were observed on a chow diet, but female knockout mice showed a decrease in gallbladder bile cholesterol and phospholipid concentration. When challenged with a 0.2% lova-statin diet, StARD4 homozygous mice exhibited no changes. However, when challenged with a 0.5% cholesterol diet, female StARD4 homozygous mice showed a moderate decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, and cholesterol ester concentrations. Microarray analysis of liver RNA found few changes. However, NPC1's expression, a gene not on the microarray, was decreased approximately 2.5-fold in knockouts. These observations suggest that StARD4's role can largely be compensated for by other intracellular cholesterol transporters.
Problems in Empirical Research on Individualized Mathematics Programs.

Programs to individualize instruction in mathematics have motivated the development of a variety of instructional materials, classroom activities, and management techniques. The research basis on which many of these innovations are first implemented is necessarily incomplete and fragmented, but with more widespread implementation of both modest and ambitious programs, the possibility for careful scrutiny of individualizing techniques becomes a reality. The availability of this rich area for research brings with it the problem of choosing appropriate conceptualizations and measures for a variety of phenomena. Statistical techniques to examine multivariate processes are available, but there are aspects of individualized instructional programs that necessitate a reformulation and extension of the relevant parameters of instruction. A first step towards measuring and ascertaining the impact of particular instructional strategies on student learning or attitudes is the description of those strategies. This paper offers a conceptual scheme that facilitates the effort to describe individualized instruction in mathe-
FATAL ATTRACTION OF MAMMALIAN CELLS TO LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA

Legionella pneumophila is a protozoan parasite that causes Legionnaires' disease. Its ability to do so is dependent on its capacity to replicate intracellularly within a phagosome that is not trafficked through the endosomal–lysosomal pathway and is surrounded by the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Within this unique niche, the bacterium undergoes alterations in gene expression. In addition, many virulence-related phenotypes that are induced in vitro by starvation are expressed intracellularly as the bacteria exit the logarithmic growth phase. (p)ppGpp appears to signal expression of the virulence-related genes in L. pneumophila upon starvation. This growth phase-dependent phenotypical transition is concomitant with lysis of the host cell, in which both necrosis and apoptosis seem to play roles. Many genetic loci that are required for intracellular replication within mammalian and protozoan cells have been identified, and the majority of them are novel. Two secretion systems have been identified, one of which may be distantly related to type IV secretion systems. The other is a type II secretion system similar to the PilBCD piliation system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Effect of Dietary Vitamin C on Tissue Vitamin C Concentration in Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and Clearance Rate at Two Temperatures-A Preliminary Investigation

Four trials were conducted with channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, under controlled laboratory conditions or in earthen ponds, to evaluate effects of dietary vitamin C concentration and feeding period on liver and anterior kidney vitamin C concentration. Clearance rate of vitamin C in liver and anterior kidney was also evaluated in unfed fish or fish fed a vitamin C-free diet. Results indicated that tissue vitamin C concentration is generally proportional to deitary vitamin C concentration, and that it may reach a maximum concentration within 2 weeks in fish fed diets containing vitamin C. Tissue vitamin C may be reduced to a minimum concentration within 2 weeks when fish were not fed or fed with a vitamin C-free diet at a high temprerature (31°). As temperature was reduced from 31 to 10°C there was a 44% and 13.6% drop in liver and anterior kidney vitamin C concentrations, respectively. At 10°C tissue vitamin C remained relatively constant (100 to 120 mg/g for liver, and 200 to 250 mg/g for anterior k...
Is the Locus of Poverty Changing

Abstract Urbanization is now a dominant demographic phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries. By the year 2000, half of the world's population will live in urban areas; of this half, two thirds will be in developing countries, predominantly in Asia. Whether there will be a corresponding shift of poverty from rural to urban areas is the central question of this analysis. Evidence from cross-sectional, time-series, and case data indicates that the percent of poverty in urban areas is dependent on income levels, income growth, and income distribution. The evidence also indicates that the number of poor in rural areas will exceed those in urban areas well into the 21st century. These poverty and urbanization trends are significant politically, and important also with respect to food policy and required investments in agriculture.
Beamsteering of MFC Phased Arrays for Structural Health Monitoring: Analytical and Experimental Investigations

Phased array beamsteering is an effective damage detection and assessment method in the guided wave structural health monitoring system. Monolithic piezoceramic (PZT) actuators have been widely utilized for beamsteering by assuming omnidirectional point sources for each actuator. However, this assumption can lead to erroneous results for a phased array of actuators with anisotropic actuation, such as MacroFiber Composites (MFC). The MFC actuators are investigated in this research for beamsteering considering the main lobe bandwidth, main lobe magnitude, and side lobe levels and compared to equivalently sized PZT actuators. Analytical models of the MFC and PZT actuators attached to an isotropic plate structure are presented. With the analytical model, the genetic algorithm is used to determine the optimal timing sequences of the phased array elements for beamforming enhancement. Experiments using the PZT and MFC phased arrays on an aluminum plate are also performed and compared to the analysis results. The experiment results closely match to the analysis results.
Unusual Degradation of the Rhenium Silyl Ester Cp(NO)(PPh3)ReCO2SiMe2Ph to the Bimetallic μ-η1(C(Re)):η1(O,O‘(Re)) Carbon Dioxide Complex Cp(NO)(PPh3)ReCO2Re(NO)(CO)(PPh3)OSiMe2Ph

The silyl esters Cp(PPh3)(NO)ReCO2SiR3 (2) are produced from treatment of Cp(PPh3)(NO)ReCOBF4 with the silanolates R3SiONa (R3Si = PhMe2Si, Et3Si) in CH2Cl2 (0 °C) or of Cp(PPh3)(NO)ReCO2K with R3SiCl in THF. Upon handling, 2 degraded to the bimetallocarboxylates Cp(PPh3)(NO)ReCO2Re(CO)(NO)(PPh3)(OSiR3) (3), one of which (SiR3 = SiMe2Ph) was characterized by X-ray crystallography as a μ-η1(C(Re1)):η2(O,O‘(Re2)) bimetallocarboxylate.
Growth Factor-Extracellular Matrix Interactions Regulate Wound Repair

Background: Wound healing is a process made up of several phases, including hemostasis/inflammation, proliferation, and scar formation/remodeling. An array of growth factors is produced during each of these phases that helps direct the repair process. The Problem: Most of the information we have about the biological actions of growth factors are from studies examining a growth factor in isolation. However, growth factors are known to interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), and these associations influence cell behavior. Details about these interactions within the complex and continuously changing wound environment are not well understood and are likely to be very important during repair. Basic/Clinical Science Advances: Several types of growth factor/ECM interactions have been described that could impact wound healing. The ECM can interact directly with growth factors, offering protection from degradation and controlling bioactivity of the growth factor. Portions of the ECM can bind to growth factor...
Time-dependent backgrounds in two-dimensional string theory and the S-matrix generating functional

We study time-dependent tachyon backgrounds of the two-dimensional string collective field theory using the formalism of the [ital S]-matrix generating functional. In the process we clarify the connection between two ways of calculating the [ital S] matrix: one using the Feynman rule and the other using the classical solution to the nonlinear equation of motion. We develop the formalism for general backgrounds and apply it to the gravitational sine-Gordon model in detail. We reproduce the conformal field theory calculation which was based on expanding around the static [ital c]=1 theory. Furthermore, we prove that the tree-level partition function of this model shows the scaling behavior corresponding to the [ital c]=0 model in the limit [ital p][r arrow]0 of the sine-Gordon momentum'' [ital p].
Molecular discrimination inside polymer nanotubules.

Recognition of small organic molecules and large biomolecules such as proteins is of great importance in pharmaceutical as well as biological applications. Recognition inside a nanoporous membrane is particularly attractive, because of the advantages associated with ligand–receptor interactions in confined spaces. Classical nanoporous membrane-based separations simply use the difference in size of the analytes relative to pore size in the membrane. In order to bring about selectivity beyond size, it is necessary that methods for functionalizing the membrane pores are readily available. Here, we describe a simple approach to functionalize the nanopores within these membranes using self-assembling and non-self-assembling polymers. We show that these modified membranes separate small molecules based on size, charge and hydrophobicity. We also demonstrate here that proteins can be differentially transported through the nanopores based on their size and/or electrostatics.
Supraclavicular masses: results of a series of 309 cases biopsied by fine needle aspiration.

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the current distribution of diseases resulting in supraclavicular swelling or lymphadenopathy as diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Methods Supraclavicular aspirates in this retrospective 5-year study from a large public hospital were classified as neoplastic, infectious, inflammatory, reactive, and nondiagnostic. Results Malignancy was present in 55% of the 309 aspirates (47% metastatic, 8% lymphoma). Age was most predictive of malignancy (32% for age ≤41 years, 68% for age >40 years). Lymphoma occurred equally in both groups, but the lymphoma:metastasis ratio was much higher in younger patients (1:1.6 for age 41 years versus 1:11 for age >40 years). Ethnic origin was related to tumor type, metastatic uterine cervical carcinoma being most frequent in Hispanics, and lymphoma in Caucasians. Primary oropharyngeal sites were unusual; most malignancies originated in the lung, breast, or cervix. Left or right side did not discriminate for either the presence or type of tumor. The 43 aspirates from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (+) patients were predominantly inflammatory, infectious, or reactive; lymphoma was infrequent (7%). Overall, 39 patients had mycobacterial infection; aspirate smears or culture were positive in 19. Three other FNAs grew Staphylococcus aureus and one stained for Cryptococcus. Aspirates were not informative in 24 cases (8%). The sensitivity of FNA for malignancy was 97%, specificity was 98%, and positive predictive value 98%. Conclusion Aspiration biopsy is an excellent diagnostic tool for supraclavicular masses. Patients over 40 years old are likely to have metastatic malignancy, from breast, lung, or infradiaphragmatic sites. Aspirates with inflammation and those from HIV+ patients should undergo extensive culture. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 21: 239–246, 1999.
Emotion regulation and intragroup conflict: when more distracted minds prevail

Purpose – In order to shed light on whether and how leaders should help manage group members' emotions related to intragroup conflict, the aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of several outcomes associated with two cognitive emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and distraction, in the presence of two distinct types of conflict, relationship or task-oriented. Design/methodology/approach – A 2×3 between subjects' experimental design was employed to investigate the influence of intragroup conflict and emotion regulations strategies on individual-level discrete emotions and group processes and outcomes. Findings – Results suggest that emotion regulation plays an important role in moderating the negative consequences associated with relationships conflict. Specifically, distraction served a critical function to those in the relationship conflict conditions such that both cohesion levels and task performance levels were elevated when group members used distraction as a means of regu...
Influence of chicken and rat plasma on in vitro activity of chicken and beef insulin

Abstract 1. 1. The influence of beef insulin preincubated with chicken plasma and of chicken insulin preincubated with rat plasma on glucose uptake by the isolated rat diaphragm was studied. 2. 2. Fresh avian plasma severely inhibited beef insulin activity in vitro ; the inhibitory factor(s) could be inactivated by heating the plasma prior to addition of beef insulin. Similarly, addition of fresh rat plasma to chicken insulin also reduced hypoglycemia and glycogenic activity of the avian hormone in vivo and the glucose uptake potential in vitro . 3. 3. Presence of the hypophysis is not essential for the existence/activity of the chicken insulin inhibitor in rat plasma. 4. 4. The results are discussed in light of known differences in insulin structures from various species as opposed to similar specific activities of each when bio-assayed.
Thrust involvement of metamorphic rocks, southwestern Brooks Range, Alaska

Most models for the tectonic history of the western Brooks Range treat Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic metamorphic rocks exposed in the southern part of the range as passive structural basement vertically uplifted late in the Mesozoic orogenic episode. Mapping in the metamorphic rocks shows that they can be divided into two structurally and metamorphically distinct belts, both of which were folded and thrust during the orogeny . Recognition of these belts and the nature of the contact separating them is critical to construction of accurate tectonic models of the Brooks Range fold and thrust belt.
Glucocorticoid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Modulate the Degree of Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate- Dependent Protein Kinase Isoenzyme I and II Activation by Parathyroid Hormone in Rat Osteosarcoma Cells*

Abstract Glucocorticoid increases and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] decreases PTH activation of adenylate cyclase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase in rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8). Since selective cAMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzyme activation may account for specific physiological hormonal responses, we investigated steroid effects on activation of isoenzymes I and II in response to PTH using a new ion exchange separation procedure. Pretreatment of cells for 2 days with the glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide (TRM) or 1,25-(OH)2D3 altered the degree of cAMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzyme activation by PTH in accordance with their modulation of intracellular cAMP accumulation, but did not alter the amount of each isoenzyme present or the order in which isoenzymes I and II were activated. In all treatment groups isoenzyme I was preferentially activated by low doses of PTH, while high concentrations activated both isoenzymes, as predicted by the relative affinities of each isoenz...
Statistical assessment of crosscorrelation and variance methods and the importance of electrocardiogram gating in functional magnetic resonance imaging

Processing of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is a critical step in evaluating experimental results. We address the question of choosing between a Student t-test method, crosscorrelation method, or a weighted z-score method in analyzing functional MR images. We present an analytic analysis that makes it possible to make a statistical decision in setting the threshold for the crosscorrelation coefficient. Specifically, the theory for an receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (description of type I and type II error) has been applied to the crosscorrelation method. Both theoretical predictions as well as model simulations are presented to prove that the crosscorrelation and weighted z-score method have the same statistical power. We introduce the concept of a variance image and use it to not only choose between the correlation image and a simple t-test image but also to obtain a final image that combines the efficient aspects of both the correlation and the simple t-test images. The variance image itself is shown to be an indicator of both patient motion and/or internal physiological motion in the brain. Furthermore, we delineate the importance of electrocardiogram (ECG) gating in reducing the variance in fMRI of human motor cortex.
Thermal stresses in a thick plate

Abstract A three-dimensional series solution is obtained for elastic plates subjected to general temperature distribution. The solution satisfies the field equations of linear thermoelasticity and the boundary condition of vanishing stresses on the flat surfaces, but in general not the edge conditions. In the series solution the first term represents the classical thin plate theory and the subsequent correcting terms involve successively higher derivatives of the temperature function. General terms of the series solution are derived for the case of linear temperature distribution T ( x , y , z ) = T 0 ( x , y ) + zT 1 ( x , y ).
Health Literacy and the Risk of Hospital Admission

Objective To determine the association between patient literacy and hospitalization. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Urban public hospital. Patients A total of 979 emergency department patients who participated in the Literacy in Health Care study and had completed an intake interview and literacy testing with the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults were eligible for this study. Of these, 958 (97.8%) had an electronic medical record available for 1994 and 1995. Measurements and main results Hospital admissions to Grady Memorial Hospital during 1994 and 1995 were determined by the hospital information system. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine the independent association between inadequate functional health literacy and hospital admission. Patients with inadequate literacy were twice as likely as patients with adequate literacy to be hospitalized during 1994 and 1995 (31. 5% vs 14.9%, p Conclusions In this study population, patients with inadequate functional health literacy had an increased risk of hospital admission.
Video analytics for multi-camera traffic surveillance

A low-cost Video Image Detection Systems (VIDS) is introduced. Using video analytics, the system can count the number of vehicles making a left (or right) turn at an unseen intersection plus collect statistics on other traffic conditions. Other functionality can be added. Two cameras with non-overlapping views were used as the information source. Between them was situated a "T" intersection. Comparing the automated data collected from the two cameras' video with manually generated truth data, no errors were found over five minutes of video.
FAT MEN IN PINK LEOTARDS OR STUDENTS WRITING TO LEARN ALGEBRA

ABSTRACT This paper presents the findings from a study of the learning experiences of a group of undergraduates enrolled in a writing intensive college algebra course. The curriculum of the course included the usual algebra content; however, the daily teaching and learning practices in this course involved extensive writing to learn activities and journal writing. Many of the writing activities were successful in terms of facilitating student comprehension of mathematical content and could easily be incorporated into any math course. Overall the study revealed that the use of words allowed the student writers to gain ownership of the algebraic content.
Gamma-ray imaging system using modulated apertures

A system is proposed for improved sensitivity, resolution and depth delineation in gamma -ray cameras. An array of apertures is used to provide different views of the radiating source. This aperture plate is between the source and the gamma -ray detector. Each aperture is mechanically modulated at a different frequency so that its resultant image can be separated from the others. On reconstruction the individual images are demodulated by using the appropriate frequency. The individual images are translated and combined to view any section of the radiating source. The noise problem and the requirements for orthogonality of the modulating signals are considered.
Examination of glass-silicon and glass-glass bonding techniques for microfluidic systems

We report here on the results of experiments concerning particular bonding processes potentially useful for ultimate miniaturization of microfluidic systems. Direct anodic bonding of continuous thin pyrex glass of 250 {mu}m thickness to silicon substrates gives multiple, large voids in the glass. Etchback of thick glass of 1200 {mu}m thickness bonded to silicon substrates gives thin continuous glass layers of 189 {mu}m thickness without voids over areas of 5 cm {times} 12 cm. Glass was also successfully bonded to glass by thermal bonding at 800{degrees}C over a 5 cm {times} 7 cm area. Anticipated applications include microfabricated DNA sequencing, flow injection analysis, and liquid and gas chromatography microinstruments.
Integrability and Level Crossing Manifolds in a Quantum Hamiltonian System

We consider a two-spin model, represented classically by a nonlinear autonomous Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom and a nontrivial integrability condition, and quantum mechanically by a real symmetric Hamiltonian matrix with invariant blocks of dimensionalities $K=\frac{1}{2}l(l+1),$ $l=1,2,\dots{}.$ In the six-dimensional parameter space of this model, classical integrability is satisfied on a five-dimensional hypersurface, and level crossings occur on four-dimensional manifolds that are completely embedded in the integrability hypersurface except for some lower-dimensional submanifolds. Under mild assumptions, the classical integrability condition can be reconstructed from a purely quantum mechanical study of level degeneracies in finite-dimensional invariant blocks of the Hamiltonian matrix. Our conclusions are based on rigorous results for $K=3$ and on numerical results for $K=6,10.$
Aryl ring rotation in porphyrins. A carbon-13 NMR spin-lattice relaxation time study

Overall tumbling and internal rotational motions in porphyrins bearing meso aryl substituents and, in some cases, flanking alkyl groups at the β-pyrrolic positions have been determined using 13C spin−lattice relaxation time measurements. In deuteriochloroform solution at 303 K, the overall reorientation of all three porphyrins investigated occurs with diffusion coefficients of ∼1 × 109 s-1. In porphyrins with only hydrogen at the β-pyrrolic positions, the meso phenyl rings undergo rotations about their single bonds to the porphyrin with diffusion coefficients of ∼4 × 109 s-1. Introduction of methyl substituents at the β-pyrrolic positions adjacent to the phenyl rings reduces these motions, but only to ∼1 × 109 s-1. Thus, significant internal motions are present in both types of molecules. These motions occur on the time scale of many photoinduced electron and energy transfer processes in porphyrins covalently linked to electron or energy donors or acceptors through meso aryl groups. Thus, the internal lib...
Potato composition: I. Tissue selection and its effects on solids content and amylose/amylopectin ratios

Solids content and amylose/amylopectin ratios were determined in different parts of tubers of White Rose, Red La Soda, Kennebec, Russet Burbank, Norchip and Lenape at harvest, after storage at 7 C for 2 and 4 mo, and after reconditioning at 20 C for 3 wk following each storage period. In all cultivars, solids content was greatest in stem-end, lower in bud-end and lowest in core tissue. The relationships for distribution of solids among the different parts of the tubers was not changed by storage treatments in any of the cultivars. Amylose/amylopectin ratios were similar in all parts of the tuber. Both the solids content and amylose/amylopectin ratio were changed by storage, but not uniformly in all cultivars.
Theoretical studies on transannular S-S interactions in geometrically constrained 1,5-dithiocane derivatives

Abstract Vibronic analysis on naphtho[1,8- b , c ]-1,5-dithiocin ( 10 ) and naphtho[1,8- b , c ]-1,5-dithiocin-1-oxide ( 11 ) using the Hartree-Fock method with the STO-3G basis set shows no evidence for covalent-bond formation in 11 compared with 10 . Thus the transannular interaction in 11 is due to electrostatic interaction and not incipient sulfurane formation. Examination of proposed intermediates in the reaction of 11 to form dication 12 using models and ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations using a 6–31G ∗ basis set provides insight into this reaction. The calculations gave no indication of sulfurane formation.
Transuterine puncture of the fetal stomach provides access to the small bowel in the rabbit

The prevention of perinatal complications of congenital gastrointestinal (GI) diseases such as cystic fibrosis may require prenatal treatment. New Zealand White rabbits were evaluated as a potential animal model to study gastrointestinal anatomy and transit in the fetus. The lengths of the GI tract of fetuses at 21/31 and 28/31 days gestation were established, and gastric volume was measured. Gastric volume at 28 days gestation averaged 2.6 mL, adequate to permit instillation of a solution into the fetal stomach. A study was then carried out to establish gastric emptying and delivery of the solution into the small bowel. Using ultrasound guidance, the stomachs of 26 fetuses from 7 litters were punctured and 0.5 mL of dilute barium was injected. A cesarean section was performed 4 h later and the progression of barium though the GI tract was measured. In 18/26 (69.2%) of the fetuses barium was successfully delivered to the lumen of the stomach. In these 18 fetuses, barium progressed to the duodenum in 15 (58%), the jejunum in 13 (50%), and the ileum in 8 (31%). The stomach of the 3.5- to 4-week-old fetus is large enough to allow transuterine delivery of a solution of dilute barium. Gastric and intestinal motility in the 25-day-old rabbit fetus is coordinated and results in delivery of barium to the small bowel in 50% of animals successfully injected. The results suggest that the rabbit is an acceptable model for the study of gastrointestinal delivery of therapeutic drugs or genes to the fetus.
Comparison of extractive distillation and pressure-swing distillation for acetone/chloroform separation

Two of the most common methods for separating a binary homogeneous azeotrope are pressure-swing distillation and extractive distillation. The former is effective if the composition of the azeotrope changes significantly with pressure. The latter method is effective if a suitable solvent can be found. This paper compares the steady-state design and the dynamic control of these two methods when applied to the acetone-methanol binary system. The minimum-boiling azeotrope at 1 atm contains 77.6 mol % acetone at 328 K. At 10 atm the azeotropic composition is 37.5 mol % acetone at 408 K, so pressure-swing separation is feasible. Extractive distillation is also feasible using water as the solvent. Both systems require two distillation columns. Purities of the two products are set at 99.5 mol %. Results show that the extractive distillation system has a 15% lower total annual cost. However, a third component (water) is introduced that appears as trace impurities in both the acetone and methanol products. It is al...
Centrosome Duplication: Is Asymmetry the Clue?

The structure of the yeast Sfi1-centrin complex, and its asymmetric position within the yeast centrosome, suggest a model for the initiation of centrosome duplication and provides a target for licensing this event.
Essaying the real: Brazil's cinematic retomada and the new commonwealth

American and European reception of creative art from the developing world is usually framed by the assumption that it has a testimonial value and points to a collective condition. The expectation h...
A Telecommuting Interlibrary Loan Librarian's Experience: The Views of Both the Telecommuter and the On-Site Supervisor

Because of the changing world of librarianship and the introduction of new technologies, telecommuting has become an innovative option for certain jobs in the library. Telework gives an organization the opportunity to retain skilled employees and cut the costs of recruiting, selection, and training of a new employee. There are certain tasks in the workflow of the interlibrary loan department that could permit an employee to work from a distance. This is specifically due to resource sharing management systems such as ILLiad. Florida Atlantic University decided to retain an interlibrary loan employee who had to relocate and try telecommuting on a trial basis. This paper details the employee's experiences.
In vivo evaluation of cholesterol as a matrix for the controlled-release of progesterone.

Abstract Twelve adult, female baboons were used to test the rate and duration of progesterone (P4) release from cholesterol (C) pellets implanted subcutaneously. Four different-preparations were tested (3 baboons per group). Each group was treated with pellets containing a different sized distribution and P 4 -cholesterol ratio (P 4 :C). Group 1=0.25−0.5 mm, 59% P 4 :41% C; Group 2=0.25−0.5 mm, 65% P 4 :35% C; Group 3=0.5 −1.0 mm, 59% P 4 :41% C; and Group 4=0.5 −1.0 mm, 65% P 4 : 35% C. All baboons received the identical quantity of P 4 (500 mg). Following treatment, blood samples were obtained at selected intervals, and the levels of progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Serum-progesterone clearance curves were parallel for each experimental group. The rate of release of progesterone calculated from the serum clearance curves for groups 1–4 were: 42; 55; 29; and 38 mg P 4 /week. The mean duration of release for experimental groups 1–4 were 12, 9, 17, and 13 weeks respectively. The continuous progesterone treatment inhibited normal baboon ovarian function during the period of progesterone release.
Relation of giardiasis to abnormal intestinal structure and function in gastrointestinal immunodeficiency syndromes.

Seven of 8 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and gastrointestinal symptoms were infected with Giardia lamblia. This parasite was not detected by multiple stool examinations in 4 of the 7 infected patients but was diagnosed correctly by small intestinal biopsy. Abnormalities of the small intestinal mucosa were found in all 8 patients. Two patients had nodular lymphoid hyperplasia and 3 the flat lesion of hypogammaglobulinemic sprue. The remaining 3 patients had mixed lesions; that is, the lesions varied both in severity of the villus abnormality and in the frequency of lymphoid nodules. All patients lacked plasma cells in the lamina propria. Because of the variation in the severity of the small intestinal abnormalities within individual patients, multiple small bowel biopsies were needed to evaluate the effects of treatment on mucosal morphology. After eradication of Giardia lamblia in 7 patients, the abnormalities in villus structure returned towards normal in all. No change occurred after a course of metronidazole (Flagyl) in the 1 patient who had a severe intestinal lesion but no evidence of giardiasis. Four patients with steatorrhea and giardiasis gained weight and their fecal fat excretion returned to normal. Diarrhea disappeared after treatment in the remaining 3 patients.
Child safety at reunification: A case-control study of maltreatment recurrence following return home from substitute care

Abstract When considering reunification, child welfare caseworkers are faced with the difficult challenge of predicting which caretakers will be able to provide a safe environment for their children once they return home. Unfortunately, although an increasing number of studies have examined maltreatment recurrence during investigation and following case opening, little is known about the factors that predict maltreatment recurrence following reunification. Using a case-control design and information gathered from a child welfare administrative database and client case records, the current study examined the factors that predict short-term (i.e., within 60 days) maltreatment recurrence among 174 families with children returning home from their first stay in substitute care. From a variety of child, caretaker, placement, family environment, and service provision characteristics, seven variables uniquely added to the prediction of maltreatment recurrence: 1) child age, 2) caretaker mental illness, 3) number of placements, 4) type of placement, 5) length of time in placement, 6) number of children in the home at reunification, and 7) the interaction between household structure at reunification and the presence of siblings returned home with the index child. The implications of these findings for child welfare practice and future research are discussed in detail.