cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parallel Adaptation: One or Many Waves of Advance of an Advantageous Allele?

Models for detecting the effect of adaptation on population genomic diversity are often predicated on a single newly arisen mutation sweeping rapidly to fixation. However, a population can also adapt to a new environment by multiple mutations of similar phenotypic effect that arise in parallel, at the same locus or different loci. These mutations can each quickly reach intermediate frequency, preventing any single one from rapidly sweeping to fixation globally, leading to a “soft” sweep in the population. Here we study various models of parallel mutation in a continuous, geographically spread population adapting to a global selection pressure. The slow geographic spread of a selected allele due to limited dispersal can allow other selected alleles to arise and start to spread elsewhere in the species range. When these different selected alleles meet, their spread can slow dramatically and so initially form a geographic patchwork, a random tessellation, which could be mistaken for a signal of local adaptation. This spatial tessellation will dissipate over time due to mixing by migration, leaving a set of partial sweeps within the global population. We show that the spatial tessellation initially formed by mutational types is closely connected to Poisson process models of crystallization, which we extend. We find that the probability of parallel mutation and the spatial scale on which parallel mutation occurs are captured by a single compound parameter, a characteristic length, which reflects the expected distance a spreading allele travels before it encounters a different spreading allele. This characteristic length depends on the mutation rate, the dispersal parameter, the effective local density of individuals, and to a much lesser extent the strength of selection. While our knowledge of these parameters is poor, we argue that even in widely dispersing species, such parallel geographic sweeps may be surprisingly common. Thus, we predict that as more data become available, many more examples of intraspecies parallel adaptation will be uncovered.
The Archaeology of Communication Technologies

▪ Abstract Accessing ancient meaning and sound from graphic notations is an immense challenge to archaeologists, whether with respect to marked objects, petrographs, or phonic writing. Two paths clear the way: the detection or reasoned reconstruction of “situation,” how graphic notations were used in the past and in what social and cultural setting, and the process of “extraction,” the hermeneutic scholarship that decodes such messages and establishes the relative plausibility of an interpretation. Situation is easier to study and extraction more likely to occur in cases of phonic writing, where varieties or types, physical inspection, decipherment, origins, and extinction permit multiple inroads into past sound and meaning.
On the Interpretation of Shallow Shelf Carbonate Facies and Habitats: How Much Does Water Depth Matter?

ABSTRACT Many stratigraphic studies of ancient shallow-water carbonate platforms focus interpretation on the primacy of changes in accommodation, inferred by assuming a direct and deterministic link between depositional facies and water depth. The purpose of this study is to test this assumption explicitly and quantitatively by exploring relations between substrate type (classified on the basis of both habitats and facies) and the water depth at which they occur on a modern well-studied shallow rimmed shelf margin. GIS analysis of digital benthic habitat and bathymetry maps of the shallow ( 8 m) South Florida shelf illustrate that most substrate types occur across a range of water depths. Similarly, at greater water depths, habitats and facies are more constrained (more dominance of one class, more deterministic), with generally decreasing dominance (more diversity) at shallower water depths. At a scale of shelf-to-basin transects, facies and habitats clearly are related to water depth. Yet, on this narrower ( 10 km) shallow shelf margin, at the scale of this study, water depth and habitats and facies are not uniquely related or linked. This general lack of correspondence between bottom type and water depth may be a manifestation of landscape disequilibrium, a state in which habitats and facies do not fully reflect ambient environmental conditions, perhaps recording the influence of rapid change in sea level. Alternatively, it may reflect the impact of variables other than water depth. Although more general consequences of these results for other depositional settings remains to be evaluated, they do emphasize the fact that variables other than bathymetry may significantly influence the ecological and sedimentologic attributes of depositional surfaces. They do allow for the quantification of some of the potential uncertainties inherent in the interpretation of analogous ancient platforms, and can serve to focus future observations on the causes and consequences of vertical and lateral heterogeneity in ancient stratigraphic sequences.
Barriers to the Modification of Sexual Behavior Among Heterosexuals at Risk for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may no longer be viewed as a disease that only poses a significant threat to homosexual men and intravenous drug users. About 7% of cases diagnosed in 1986 were from among three groups in which the majority of cases are thought to result from heterosexual transmission: heterosexual contacts; persons born outside of the US; and persons with no identified risk factor. The proportion of cases accounted for by these groups is projected to increase to 10% in 1991.1 If one considers only the cases acquired through heterosexual contact, it is projected that the proportion of all cases in this category will increase from 2% in 1986 to 5% in 1991.1
Substance-abusing parents' attitudes toward allowing their custodial children to participate in treatment: A comparison of mothers versus fathers

Attitudes of substance-abusing fathers (N = 214) and mothers (N = 106) entering outpatient treatment toward allowing their custodial children to participate in individual- or family-based interventions were examined. Only 129 parents (40%) reported they would be willing to allow their children to participate in treatment. A significantly greater proportion of mothers reported they would assent to their children participating (N = 58 [55%]) compared with fathers (N = 71 [33%]). Factors associated with parents' attitudes toward their children participating included parents' (a) referral source into treatment, (b) level of psychiatric distress, and (c) substance use frequency in the previous year. Thus, parental reluctance to allow their children to participate appears to be a significant barrier in efforts to intervene with these at-risk children.
Science Talk: Preservice Teachers Facilitating Science Learning in Diverse Afterschool Environments.

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact a community-based service learning program might have on preservice teachers' science instruction during student teaching. Designed to promote science inquiry, preservice teachers learned how to offer students more opportunities to develop their own ways of thinking through utilization of an afterschool science program that provided them extended opportunities to practice their science teaching skills. Three preservice teachers were followed to examine and evaluate the transfer of this experience to their student teaching classroom. Investigation methods included field observations and semi-structured, individual interviews. Findings indicate that preservice teachers expanded their ideas of science inquiry instruction to include multiple modes of formative assessment, while also struggling with the desire to give students the correct answer. While the participants' experiences are few in number, the potential of afterschool teaching experience serving as an effective learning experience in preservice teacher preparation is significant. With the constraints of high-stakes testing, community-based service learning teaching opportunities for elementary and middle-school preservice teachers can support both the development and refinement of inquiry instruction skills.
Bandwidth Constrained Tree Construction for Live Streaming Systems in P2P Networks

The traditional client-server architecture widely adopted on the Internet is not adequate to meet the increasing user loads and bandwidth demands in live streaming systems especially for multimedia content delivery. Peer-to-peer P2P) overlay networks provide excellent system scalability and high resource utilization, which make it an attractive solution to this problem. This paper considers a hybrid hierarchical P2P overlay network structure that consists of both super and normal peers. The media streaming architecture is built upon a tree structured network of super peers and the tree construction process has a significant impact on the overall system performance. We construct network cost models and formulate a Bandwidth Constrained Tree (BCT) construction problem, which aims at maximizing the number of peers that satisfy a specified bandwidth constraint. We prove that BCT is NP-complete and propose optimal algorithms in two special cases and a heuristic approach in a general case. The performance superiority of the proposed method is illustrated by an extensive set of experiments on simulated networks of various sizes in comparison with existing greedy and degree constrained algorithms.
Space station gets new scrutiny

In what is one of a series of hearings planned this year on Space Station Freedom, the Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications recently received testimony from William B. Lenoir, associate administrator of the Office of Space Flight, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, about continuing design changes and budget cutbacks to this program. If there was one message that Lenoir wanted to leave with the subcommittee, it was that the Space Station program was still on schedule but budget cutbacks could cause significant future difficulties.
Dynamic Adjustment of U.S. Agriculture to Energy Price Changes

Energy prices increased significantly following the first energy price shock of 1973. Agricultural producers found few short run substitution possibilities as relative factor prices changed. Inelastic demands resulted in total expenditures on energy inputs that have closely followed energy price changes over time. A dynamic cost function model is estimated to derive short and long run adjustments within U.S. agriculture between 1948 and 2002 to changes in relative input prices. The objective is to measure the degree of farm responsiveness to energy price changes and if this responsiveness has changed over time. Findings support inelastic demands for all farm inputs. Statistical results support moderate increases in responses to energy and other input price changes in the 1980s. However, demands for all inputs remain inelastic in both the short and long run. Estimation of share equations associated with a dynamic cost function indicates that factor adjustment to input price changes are essentially complete within 1 year.
CHK1 and CHK2 are differentially involved in mismatch repair–mediated 6-thioguanine-induced cell cycle checkpoint responses

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system plays an important role in mediating a G2-M checkpoint arrest and subsequent cell death following treatment with a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, using 6-thioguanine (6-TG) as a mismatch-inducing drug, we examine the role of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/CHK2 and ATM and Rad-3 related (ATR)/CHK1 signaling pathways in MMR-mediated cell cycle responses in MMR-proficient human colorectal cancer RKO cells. We show that, in response to 6-TG (3 μmol/L × 24 hours), activating phosphorylation of CHK1 at Ser317 [CHK1(pS317)] and CHK2 at Thr68 [CHK2(pT68)] are induced differentially during a prolonged course (up to 6 days) of MMR-mediated cell cycle arrests following 6-TG treatment, with CHK1(pS317) being induced within 1 day and CHK2(pT68) being induced later. Using chemical inhibitors and small interfering RNA of the signaling kinases, we show that a MMR-mediated 6-TG-induced G2 arrest is ATR/CHK1 dependent but ATM/CHK2 independent and that ATR/CHK1 signaling is responsible for both initiation and maintenance of the G2 arrest. However, CHK2(pT68) seems to be involved in a subsequent tetraploid G1 arrest, which blocks cells that escape from the G2-M checkpoint following 6-TG treatment. Furthermore, we show that CHK2 is hyperphosphorylated at later times following 6-TG treatment and the phosphorylation of CHK2 seems to be ATM independent but up-regulated when ATR or CHK1 is reduced. Thus, our data suggest that CHK1(pS317) is involved in a MMR-mediated 6-TG-induced G2 arrest, whereas CHK2(pT68) seems to be involved in a subsequent tetraploid G1-S checkpoint. The two signaling kinases seem to work cooperatively to ensure that 6-TG damaged cells arrest at these cell cycle checkpoints.
The role of electronic and ionic conduction in the electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced cement

Electrical conduction in carbon fiber reinforced cement with a fiber volume fraction below the percolation threshold involves electrons and ions. The fiber affects both the electronic conduction and the ionic conduction. The ozone treatment of the fiber surface helps the ionic conduction. Latex as an admixture helps provide a relatively high ionic conductivity; silica fume as an admixture helps provide a relatively high electronic conductivity. In the dry state (the state of practical importance attained by room temperature drying), electronic conduction is more significant than ionic conduction. In the wet state (water saturated state), ionic conduction dominates. When silica fume is present with the fiber, the fractional electronic contribution in the dry state is 0.99. When latex is present with the fiber, the corresponding value is 0.72–0.78. The ratio of the wet ionic conductivity to the dry ionic conductivity is much increased by fiber surface treatment and is higher when latex rather than silica fume is used. The wet ionic conductivity is much higher than the dry overall conductivity when latex is present, but is lower than or comparable to the dry overall conductivity when silica fume is present; the wet ionic conductivity is lower than the dry overall conductivity when the fiber is not treated and silica fume is present. � 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Some ethical implications of team sports metaphors in politics

This essay examines how the use of team sports metaphors in politics calls for ethical commitments both from those to whom the metaphors are applied and from the public. The essay describes the kinds of subjects and audiences created by the use of team sports metaphors. Discourse surrounding David Stockman's offer to resign as President Reagan's Director of the Office of Management and Budget is shown to illustrate the influence of team sports metaphors in politics.
Eddy correlation measurements of aerosol deposition to grass

An experiment was conducted to measure aerosol turbulent fluxes to a grass field. A new high-flow-rate aerosol sensor was deployed from a tower to make eddy correlation (EC) measurements of aerosol turbulent flux and deposition velocity. The EC data were screened and analysed for uncertainties associated with advection, boundary layer growth, instrument separation and counting particles. An apparent bias in the aerosol flux due to particle hygroscopic growth was evaluated from chemical and microphysical measurements and removed from the results based on derived corrections. The resulting aerosol deposition velocity for 0.52 μm diameter particles depended on atmospheric stability with values of 0.3 cm s −1 during near-neutral stability, 0.44 cm s −1 during unstable periods and 0.16 cm s −1 during stable periods with an estimated uncertainty of ±0.07 cm s −1 due to chemical composition and particle counting. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2004.00098.x
Effects of Transient Exposure of Endosteal Bone to Acid or Base on Pre- and Poststorage Zeta-Potentials

Prestorage exposure of endosteal bone to pH 3 and pH 10 buffered solutions to determine zeta-potentials did not significantly change zeta-potentials measured a second time prestorage in the same buffers (pH 3 & 7) or at pH 7. However, significant differences were found between some sets of pre- and poststorage values at pH 3 and 7 that could not be readily attributed to either storage (at −80°C) or pH sequence.
Treatment of Mental Illness

Refugees are at high risk of developing mental illness. While post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are among the commonly reported mental illnesses, several culture specific syndromes are also described. In addition, refugees manifest physical symptoms that result from emotional distress. This chapter provides a practical approach to management of mental health symptoms in refugees. It considers an array of approaches including pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, psychosocial, and community-based interventions and emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary treatment strategies. Because refugees have complex cultural backgrounds and social needs, they often offer resistance to accepting mental health treatment even when it is indicated. Psychoeducation is important as the first step in engaging patients in treatment. Though migration and resettlement stressors contribute significantly to psychological distress, most research on mental health treatment in refugees has been on trauma-focused therapies. Culturally sensitive Cognitive Based Therapy (CBT) and Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) are two psychotherapeutic modalities well documented in refugees. NET is a form of testimony therapy that is an adaptation of exposure therapy. Community based interventions play an extremely important role in assisting successful adjustment of refugees in the new community. While working with refugees can be extremely rewarding work, it also requires the development of a supportive network for the providers.
Incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury following transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

AIM This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). METHODS We included all adult patients undergoing TAVR for aortic stenosis from 1 January 2008 to 30 June 2014 at a tertiary referral hospital. AKI was defined based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. We performed a multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with post-procedural AKI occurrence. RESULTS Three hundred eighty-six patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 106 (28%) developed AKI. In multivariate analysis, AKI development was independently associated with a transapical approach (odds ratio (OR), 2.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.72-4.65 compared with transfemoral approach) and the need for an intra-aortic balloon pump (OR, 9.11; 95% CI, 1.77-68.29). Higher baseline renal function (OR, 0.78 per 10 mL/min per 1.73 m2 increment in glomerular filtration rate; 95% CI, 0.68-0.87) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of AKI. After adjustment for the Society of Thoracic Surgeons' risk score, post-procedural AKI development remained significantly associated with an increased in-hospital (OR, 4.74; 95% CI, 1.39-18.48) and 6-month mortality (OR, 4.66; 95% CI, 2.32-9.63). CONCLUSION In a cohort of patients undergoing TAVR for aortic stenosis, AKI commonly occurred and was significantly associated with increased mortality. Baseline renal function, procedure approach and the need for circulatory support were important predictive factors for post-procedural AKI occurrence.
The pill at 40--a new look at a familiar method. The pill and men's involvement in contraception.

This article discusses the impact of the introduction of the birth control pill on mens involvement in contraception. It was 40 years ago when the oral contraceptive pill was approved for marketing in the US which also marked the culmination of a long search for a way to give women reliable control over their own fertility. Since its introduction during the 1960s changes were observed as to the correlation between sexuality and contraception which further altered the balance of male-female involvement in contraceptive use. Its availability along with other effective female methods that are independent of intercourse was able to accomplish great achievement; yet this presents drawbacks as well as benefits. Moreover after the introduction of pill 40 years ago increasing attention is being focused on acknowledging and expanding mens involvement in reproductive and contraceptive decisions and behaviors not only with their actual use but also along with their partners especially when a female method is used.
BEHAVIOR OF CANDIDA CELLS WITHIN LEUKOCYTES.

SummaryCandida cells are rapidly phagocytosed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. After 4 hours' incubation at 37°C, the fungus survives within the leukocyte and may form hyphae which appear to penetrate the wall of viable leukocytes. More virulent Candida strains usually, but not always, exhibit a greater capacity to grow out of viable leukocytes after phagocytosis. This ability to circumvent host cellular defenses may permit the fungus to gain readier access to the renal tubular lumen, a site where Candida can proliferate unhampered by ordinarily effective defense mechanisms.
Timing of pivotal clinical trial results reporting for newly approved medications varied by reporting source.

Abstract Objective The study aimed to characterize the public availability of pivotal clinical trial results for newly approved drugs. Study Design and Setting We examined the availability of pivotal clinical trial results for new molecular entities (NMEs) approved by the US Food and Drug administration (FDA) from 2009 to 2013. For each NME, we quantified the time from approval date until results were available on the FDA web site, in the ClinicalTrials.gov basic results database, and in a medical journal. Results Two hundred fifty-five pivotal trials supporting 88 NMEs met our criteria. The median time until pivotal trial results were available on the FDA web site, ClinicalTrials.gov , and in a publication was 42 days, 27 days, and −28 days, respectively. In the first 30 days after approval, 52% of pivotal trials were summarized in ClinicalTrials.gov , 20% were posted to the FDA web site, and 46% were published in a journal. Across all sources, 79% of pivotal trials had results available within 30 days of approval. From 2009 to 2013, the average time until public availability has improved for federal sources. Conclusions Pivotal trials of newly approved drugs appeared first in publications. Results from most pivotal trials were publicly available in some source within 30 days of approval.
Guantánamo: Safe Haven or Traumatic Interlude?

In August of 1994 a flotilla of approximately 34,000 Cuban rafters, or balseros, set out for Miami through the Straits of Florida. In response, the Clinton Administration sent them to join approximately 14,000 Haitians being detained at the US Navy Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. More than eight months passed, and most of the Haitians had been sent home, before the Administration announced its decision to admit the balseros to the US. Although they endured hardships in the hot, dusty camps, the balseros displayed a great deal of creativity in generating a camp culture that contained its own narrative, identity, and a great deal of artwork. This paper provides new ethnographic data on the camps, focusing on both the balsero's creative expression and the traumatic nature of detention. I argue that “safe havens” such as the Cuban and Haitian camps are no more than extraterritorial immigration detention centers, and as such are extremely problematic from a social justice perspective.
Zika Virus Update: More on an Emerging Arboviral Disease in the Western Hemisphere.

Zika virus has captivated the world with its quick spread throughout the Western Hemisphere. Increased emphasis has been placed on the infection of pregnant women and subsequent adverse and severe effects in the developing fetus and newborn. This article supplements a previous article and provides updated information on new and evolving evidence that strengthens the association between Zika virus and unique congenital and neurologic diseases, updates what is known about the epidemiology of the disease, and provides new and updated material for primary care providers as they counsel patients who may be exposed or infected. With the extent of disease spread, it is expected that Zika virus will become endemic to the Western Hemisphere and will change the public health parameters and approach in this area of the world. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:163–167)
Knowledge and knowledge-related assets: design for optimal application and impact

Over time, knowledge management and competitive intelligence systems have diverged, muting the impact of both approaches to intangible asset employment. As interest grows in big data and business analytics, will the knowledge management practice again miss an opportunity to contribute to how data and information find useful application? Or will knowledge management seize the data and adapt to a wider definition of useful knowledge-related inputs, apply analysis to such collections, and provide guidance to all levels of the organization?
Evaluation of US Veterans Nutrition Education for Diabetes Prevention

Abstract Objective Evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education interventions for diabetes prevention. Design Retrospective cohort design. Setting Tertiary-care US Veterans' Hospital, July 2007 to July 2012, using pre-existing database. Participants Prediabetic, adult veterans (n = 372), mostly men (94.4%, n = 351). Interventions Visits with existing nutrition education classes were collected. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome: diabetes status; predictors: visits/encounters, age, body mass index, weight change, and hemoglobin A1c. Analysis Cox proportional hazards method, χ 2 test, and logistic regression. Results In this sample, prediabetic veterans who received nutrition education were less likely to develop diabetes when compared with prediabetic veterans who did not receive nutrition education (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.92; P Conclusions and Implications Nutrition education was significantly associated with preventing the progression from prediabetes to diabetes in US Veterans participating in a nutrition education intervention at the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Stroke poses a significant global health burden. Many modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors have been studied. Controlled trials have shown that interventions that affect many modifiable risk factors (HTN, lipids, carotid stenosis, and atrial fibrillation) can reduce stroke risk. Both internists and stroke physicians must evaluate and treat these risk factors in outpatient setting. Many putative risk factors such as insulin resistance are being studied. An appreciation of individual stroke risk is required to significantly affect the future burden of stroke.
Should I say thank you? Gratitude encourages cognitive reappraisal and buffers the negative impact of ambivalence over emotional expression on depression

Abstract The present study assessed relationships among gratitude, ambivalence over emotional expression (AEE), cognitive reappraisal, and depressive symptoms. Three-hundred and fifty-two undergraduates (M age = 23.51 years, SD = 6.80) completed study materials. Findings revealed that higher levels of gratitude mitigated the positive relationship between AEE and depression. Those who were high in AEE and gratitude reported higher levels of cognitive reappraisal. Moreover, moderated mediation models showed that cognitive reappraisal mediated the relationship between AEE and depressive symptoms for those who reported high levels of gratitude. These results indicate that gratitude may be particularly useful for ameliorating depressive symptoms for those who are high in AEE through the use of cognitive reappraisal. These results can inform future interventions for those high in AEE and experiencing depressive symptoms.
Julie S. Gottman and John M. Gottman. (2015). 10 Principles for Doing Effective Couples Therapy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. $24.95 (hardback).

In 10 Principles for Doing Effective Couples Therapy, Gottman and Gottman (2015) provide yet another engaging read on strengthening couple relationships. While the text generally reflects principle...
(Invited) Bringing III-Vs into CMOS: From Materials to Circuits

A dense co-integration of nano-scaled InGaAs n-FETs and SiGe p-FETs is envisaged for future low power and high performance CMOS in sub-10 nm regime. It is, therefore, essential to have a scalable material and device integration scheme for such a hybrid CMOS. In this paper we detail an InGaAs integration method on large scale Si substrate using selective epitaxy in empty oxide cavities. We show how this method translates into a new concept for the realization of hybrid InGaAs/SiGe CMOS circuits. We then report n- and p-MOSFETs obtained by this integration scheme, as well as CMOS inverters and dense 6T-SRAM arrays.
Certified reference materials for validating spectroscopic methods and experimental data

Chemical laboratories frequently obtain significantly different results when analyzing the same homogeneous material. The different results may be caused by poor methodology, improper instrument calibration, faulty experimental techniques, impure reagents, or a combination of these factors. For trace constituent determinations, the magnitude and evaluation of the method blank are often the main limitations toward obtaining accurate results.
Effect of Abstinence from Social Media on Time Perception: Differences between Low- and At-Risk for Social Media “Addiction” Groups

Time distortion is a hallmark feature of addictive behaviors including excessive technology use. It has clinically significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Additional information on such distortions after prolonged abstinence from technology use is needed. We seek to examine differences in the effects of several days of abstinence on time-distortion in two groups: social media users who are at-risk and those who are at low risk for social media "addiction." To examine this, we employed a randomized, two group, pre (t1) - post (t2) design. Both groups completed survey tasks that cued social media use at t1 and at t2. Between t1 and t2, the treatment group (n = 294) abstained from social media use for up to one week (less if they "broke" and decided to resume use), and the control group (n = 121) did not. Results indicated that low-risk individuals in both the treatment and control groups presented downward time bias at t1; at-risk individuals presented non-significant upward bias. After abstinence, both low- and at- risk individuals in the treatment group presented upward time distortion. This effect did not take place in the control group; low-risk users still presented significant downward bias at t2. The post-abstinence increase in time distortion was significantly more pronounced in at-risk users. These differences between pre- and post-abstinence time distortion patterns in normal and at-risk-for-"addiction" social media users can be used for adjusting and interpreting self-reports related to addictive uses of technologies.
Is Maxillomandibular Advancement Associated With Comorbidity Reduction in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Purpose This study investigated whether patients with documented obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who have a decrease in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score and self-reported symptoms after maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) with genial tubercle advancement (GTA) also have a change in their medical comorbidity profile a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Changes in the quantity of medical diagnoses, quantity of prescription medications, and average weight and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with a diagnosis of OSA (AHI score >5 on polysomnogram [PSG]) treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA) with MMA and GTA from 2001 through 2015. Patients were identified through the oral and maxillofacial surgery patient data registry. Inclusion criteria were the availability of complete clinical records and requisite follow-up time. The primary predictor variable was operative status (preoperative or postoperative). The primary outcome variables were comorbidities reported to be associated with OSA and identified in the authors' previous study (J Oral Maxillofac Surg 76:1999.e1, 2018). Two-tailed paired t tests were used for continuous variables and χ2 or Fisher exact tests were used for categorical variables. Results Forty-six patients (39 men, 7 women) met the inclusion criteria. Average weight (206.7 ± 42.4 lb preoperatively; 213.8 ± 41.7 lb postoperatively; P = .014) and average BMI (30.0 ± 5.7 kg/m2 preoperatively; 30.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2 postoperatively; P = .041) significantly increased in patients postoperatively. No meaningful changes in the number of medical diagnoses or number of prescription medications were noted. Stratification of patients by BMI showed significant increases in weight (188.6 ± 21.5 lb preoperatively; 200.1 ± 27.9 lb postoperatively; P = .0085) and BMI (27.1 ± 1.44 kg/m2 preoperatively; 28.9 ± 3.52 kg/m2 postoperatively; P = .013) only in “overweight” patients. No other parameters were found to be relevant. Conclusions Subjective improvement in OSA symptoms was reported by all patients and objective PSG improvement was reported for 71% of those evaluated. However, no relevant changes in comorbidity profile were found, suggesting that the medical conditions commonly observed with OSA are likely of multifocal etiology.
Anima and Africa: Jungian Essays on Psyche, Land, and Literature

C. G. Jung understood the anima in a wide variety of ways but especially as a multifaceted archetype and as a field of energy. In Anima and Africa: Jungian Essays on Psyche, Land, and Literature, Matthew A. Fike uses these principles to analyze male characters in well-known British, American, and African fiction. Jung wrote frequently about the Kore (maiden, matron, crone) and the "stages of eroticism" (Eve, Mary, Helen, Sophia). The feminine principle’s many aspects resonate throughout the study and are emphasized in the opening chapters on Ernest Hemingway, Henry Rider Haggard, and Olive Schreiner. The anima-as-field can be "tapped" just as the collective unconscious can be reached through nekyia or descent. These processes are discussed in the middle chapters on novels by Laurens van der Post, Doris Lessing, and J. M. Coetzee. The final chapters emphasize the anima’s role in political/colonial dysfunction in novels by Barbara Kingsolver, Chinua Achebe/Nadine Gordimer, and Aphra Behn. Anima and Africa applies Jung’s African journeys to literary texts, explores his interest in Haggard, and provides fresh insights into van der Post’s late novels. The study discovers Lessing’s use of Jung’s autobiography, deepens the scholarship on Coetzee’s use of Faust, and explores the anima’s relationship to the personal and collective shadow. It will be essential reading for academics and scholars of Jungian and post-Jungian studies, literary studies, and postcolonial studies, and will also appeal to analytical psychologists and Jungian psychotherapists in practice and in training.
Deixis and Digital Communication

AbstractDeixis reflects what can be described as the Gricean principle of brevity, which can be summarized as ‘say only what is necessary’. One common form of reduction is the use of O to represent the speaker's ‘here and now’ perspective (i.e., O = ‘from here’ or ‘from now’). In interpreting deictically reduced language, vocal and gestural resources are integrated with visual information about the ‘here and now’.Various aspects of deixis in relation to digital communication are explored: (1) Contrasting kinds of deictic imagery used in navigational systems, with particular attention to in-tandem imagery as the default system(2) Different kinds of deictic confusion associated with the use of O, especially within email communication(3) Different kinds of visual icons that parallel deictic resources in that they also reflect the Gricean principle of brevity (although other factors motivate their use such as virtual simulation of real-world experience and the need to communicate across different languages). ...
The prognostic value of using the duration of acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery: an example using two antifibrinolytics.

Small changes in serum creatinine postoperatively in cardiac surgery have not caught the attention of the practicing cardiac surgeon because many of the values return to normal before discharge from the hospital during the index admission. We have shown that the duration of the creatinine rise reflecting acute kidney injury (AKI) has a significant impact on long-term survival (1). To demonstrate the use of using duration of AKI in the postoperative cardiac surgery model, we chose the example of the nephrotoxicity of aprotinin.
Deviations from AHA guidelines during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation are associated with decreased event survival.

Abstract Background Deviations (DEVs) from resuscitation guidelines are associated with worse outcomes after adult in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), but impact during pediatric IHCA is unknown. Methods Retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data from the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry. Children who had an index IHCA of ≥1 min from 2000 to 2014 were included. DEVs are defined by the registry by category (airway, medications, etc.) A composite measure termed circulation DEV(C-DEV), defined as at least one process deviation in the following categories: medications, defibrillation, vascular access, or chest compressions, was the primary exposure variable. Primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Mixed-effect models with random intercept for each hospital assessed the relationship of DEVs with survival to hospital discharge. Robustness of findings was assessed via planned secondary analysis using propensity score matching. Results Among 7078 eligible index IHCA events, 1200 (17.0%) had DEVs reported. Airway DEVs (466; 38.8%) and medication DEVs (321; 26.8%) were most common. C-DEVs were present in 629 (52.4%). Before matching, C-DEVs were associated with decreased rate of ROSC (aOR = 0.53, CI95: 0.43–0.64, p Conclusions DEVs were common in this cohort of pediatric IHCA. In a propensity matched cohort, while survival to hospital discharge was similar between groups, events with C-DEVs were less likely to achieve ROSC.
Towards fast and high resolution hyperspectral single-pixel lifetime imaging with deep-learning

We report on a CNN architecture to reconstruct high resolution intensity and lifetime maps based on hyperspectral single-pixel data while decreasing experimental acquisition time by a ~40-fold in preclinical imaging scenarios.
Overexpression of PKC-delta in mammary cells leads to anti-estrogen resistance: A new model for anti-estrogen resistance

1288 Acquired resistance to tamoxifen (Tam) in breast cancer patients is a serious therapeutic problem. We have previously reported that Protein Kinase C-delta (PKC-δ) plays a major role in estrogen (E2)-mediated cell proliferation. To determine if PKC-δ is one of the major alternate signaling pathways that supports cell growth in the presence of tamoxifen, we determined the levels of PKC isoforms in four different models of antiestrogen resistant cells. Three out of four antiestrogen resistance cell lines (Tam/MCF-7, ICI/MCF-7 and HER-2/MCF-7) expressed significantly high levels of both total and activated PKC-δ levels compared to sensitive cells. Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) content and function are maintained in all the antiestrogen resistant cell lines. Overexpressing active PKC-δ in tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 cells (PKC-δ/MCF-7) led to tamoxifen resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of PKC-δ by rottlerin (a relatively specific inhibitor of PKC-δ) significantly inhibited estrogen- and tamoxifen-induced growth in all antiestrogen resistant cell lines. PKC-δ levels are significantly higher in Tam-resistant tumors compared to Tam-sensitive tumors in xenograft model (P
The W2 Language and Compiler

The machine abstraction proposed in the last chapter is supported by the W2 language. W2 is a language in which each cell in the Warp array is individually programmed in a Pascal-like notation, and cells communicate with their left and right neighbors via asynchronous communication primitives. The user controls the array level concurrency, but not the system and cell level concurrency.
Motivations and deterrents toward blood donation in Kampala, Uganda.

Abstract Severe malaria, hemorrhage during childbirth, sickle cell anemia, injury from road accidents, and other medical conditions that necessitate blood transfusions affect thousands of Ugandans every year. However, only 0.3–0.5% of the population donates blood, which is less than half of the proportion recommended by the World Health Organization to maintain a sufficient supply in blood banks and health facilities. In January 2018, Uganda faced crisis level blood shortages, increasing preventable deaths in the country as patients lacked access to life-saving transfusions. To understand the factors that impact a person's decision to give blood and to inform public health campaigns that seek to promote donation, researchers collaborated with Uganda Blood Transfusion Services (UBTS) and the Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS), the primary actors in blood donation in Uganda, to conduct 50 semi-structured in-depth interviews with blood donors and non-donors and 22 key informant interviews with UBTS and URCS staff members. Through qualitative data analysis using Dedoose software, this study identified several key motivations that promote donation, including altruism, civic duty, and opportunities for disease testing, as well as important deterrents, including fear of needles and blood and lack of awareness of or access to blood donation drives. Results have been shared with blood collection agencies to inform public health campaigns that seek to dispel fears and promote motivations toward donation to increase the blood supply and decrease preventable deaths in Uganda.
Utilizing binary code to improve usability of pressure-based authentication

Abstract Due to its invisibility feature, pressure is useful to enhance the security of authentication, especially preventing the shoulder surfing attack. However, users are more familiar with digital passwords than pressure-based passwords. In order to improve the usability of pressure-based authentication, this paper instantiates a pressure-based password (i.e., a sequence of pressures) to a decimal number. In addition, our approach features personalized pressure detection. The personalization further enhances security since an attacker must have a pressure habit that is consistent with the user. We conducted a series of user studies to compare the traditional four-digit password with our pressure-based password. The empirical result indicates that a pressure-based password is more resistant to the shoulder surfing attack than a four-digit password. However, it takes more time to input a pressure-based password on the first-time usage. The slowdown is caused by a modality change from vision to pressure. A field study that lasted for 10 days revealed that the side effect of modality change can be overcome through regular usages.
High electrical conducting Si-doped Ga2O3 transparent oxide semiconductor by pulsed laser deposition

Highly conductive Si-doped epitaxial β-Ga2O3 films with a wide bandgap and high critical field strength were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. The carrier concentration and Hall mobility are 4.06 × 1020 cm-3 and 58.7 cm2/Vs, respectively. Thus, overall conductivity has been calculated to be 3800 S/cm, which is the highest value ever reported based on β-Ga2O3 material. This degenerately doped layer will enhance the overall transistor performance through an ohmic regrowth process. Additionally, this opens up potential applications as a transparent conductive oxide layer due to coexistence of transparency and low resistivity (2.63 x10-4 Ω-cm) similar to commercial ITO.
Towards an Afrofuturist Feminist Manifesto

Caitlin O’Neill explores how engaging black future texts is both significant and necessary to the survival of African descended people, and for the ability of black women and girls to thrive in the twenty-first century. In this chapter, O’Neill explores creative, affirmative answers to Mark Dery’s question: “Can a community whose past has been deliberately rubbed out, and whose energies have subsequently been consumed by the search for legible traces of its history, imagine possible futures?” O’Neill highlights the long history of work that black women have contributed to the black speculative fiction tradition. They also work to establish an Afrofuturistic feminist genealogy, investigating works from Octavia Butler to Janelle Monae while privileging the speculative fiction, fantasy, and other creative production of black women.
Traumatic Bilateral Self-Enucleation With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage:

We present a rare case of traumatic self-enucleation of the bilateral globes resulting in traumatic subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhages. This case highlights the critical importance of mu...
No entorno de escombros: notas acidentais sobre o trauma dos judeus de Salônica

Drawing upon published sources in English, French, Spanish, Judeo-Spanish (Ladino), Portuguese, and Hebrew, this essay discusses the Shoah (Holocaust) in Thessaloniki, Greece, focusing specifically on the trauma experienced by survivors and their descendants. The essay also addresses topics that have been insufficiently researched so far, such as the extreme poverty among the Jews of Thessaloniki on the eve of World War II, as well as the Jewish participation in the Greek Army in the fight against the Italians on the Albanian front in 1940-1941. In addition, the essay brings to light unpublished personal stories of Jews from Thessaloniki who survived the almost complete destruction of their community during World War II.
AIRPORT/COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

An analysis of recent airport environmental planning practices shows that they have been fundamentally misdirected. Emphasis on the preparation and review of Environmental Impact Statements by governmental agencies with narrow aviation perspectives has resulted in widespread litigation and controversy. A new approach is needed, one that leads to a closer integration of airport planning and comprehensive urban planning. A systematic definition for the term environment serves as the basis for such an approach.
The Use of Student Feedback Sessions to Enhance Experiential Learning for Journal Assignments

This paper describes a new experiential learning technique called Student Feedback Sessions, which are used in conjunction with a journal writing assignment in a consumer behavior course. The journal assignment allows students to experience all phases of learning according to Kolb. Following the journal writing pairs of students engage in Student Feedback Sessions which allow an individual assignment to become more nteractive and experiential in nature. A sample of undergraduate students completed the assignment. Student evaluations of the new learning technique indicate a very favorable response to this learning experience