cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of Transonic Area-Rule Methodology

This study presents an innovative method for area ruling in the transonic regime. The method applies a weighting function to the sonic area rule that generally accounts for the physical nature of transonic flow. In sonic flow, changes in pressure are communicated with negligible dissipation along Mach planes. As a result, drag becomes a strong function of the cross-sectional area development of the aircraft. Transonic flow has the added complexity of mixed subsonic and supersonic regions. In this flow, the communication between the aircraft fuselage and its external parts has dissipation due to embedded subsonic regions. Therefore, the sonic area rule no longer strictly applies. The new transonic area-rule methodology, described in this article, utilizes a weighting function that adjusts for the effects of the mixed flows. The shaping methods resulting from this new transonic area-ruling technique are much less severe than the standard sonic area-ruling method and require substantially less body modification. Furthermore, the new transonic area-ruling technique maintains drag rise delays that are the same as the traditional sonic area rule. Nomenclature A = stream-tube area CD = drag coefficient M = local Mach number Wm = wingtlp parameter v = velocity ACD = wave drag coefficient
Superior vena cava reconstruction using an iliocaval allograft - A case report

Successful replacements of the superior vena cava (SVC) using autogenous saphenous or superficial femoral vein or prosthetic grafts have been previously performed, but the use of allograft for treatment of SVC syndrome has not been reported. The patient treated by the authors was a forty-one-year-old woman who presented with severe venous congestion of the head and neck caused by fibrosing mediastinitis. In addition, she had sclerosing cholangitis and chronic liver failure. To treat her SVC syndrome and provide access for fluid and blood transfusion and for possible venovenous bypass, SVC reconstruction was performed concomitant to orthotopic liver transplantation. A left innominate vein-right atrial bypass was inserted using an iliocaval allograft. The patient had an uncomplicated recovery, and at six months after surgery her SVC allograft is widely patent and her transplanted liver is functioning well. The venous allograft is an excellent conduit for those patients who are receiving immunosuppression therapy to avoid rejection of a transplanted organ.
Visiting Clinicians in the Medical Center: Innovative CME for Community Practitioners.

In this article, we describe the development, organization, costs, and evaluation of an innovative continuing medical education program based on the concept of the community practitioner visiting the medical center as combined learner and teacher—the visiting clinician. The concept involved individualized planning of a series of visits to the hospital where the clinician participated in self-selected clinical experiences and also spent time as a teacher of students and residents. Over several years, evaluation showed that these visiting clinicians reported acquisition of new skills and knowledge but, most importantly, a confirmation of the quality of their own work in community practice. This program offers a mechanism for an effective and long-term educational bridge between the teaching hospital and community practitioners.
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Modulation of Slow Calcium Influx Channels in Guinea Pig Hearts

The relationship between cellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and slow inward calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) current was studied in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts in which fast sodium ion (Na + ) channels had been inactivated by depolarization with potassium ions (K + ) or blockade with tetrodotoxin. Perfusion with 22 mM K + depolarized cardiac tissue to approximately -40 mv and rendered hearts inexcitable. Tetrodotoxin (3 x 10 -5 M) blocked excitability without altering resting membrane potential. Excitability and contractions could be restored to these hearts with a variety of inotropic agents that also raised the measured tissue levels of cyclic AMP or with high concentrations of Ca 2+ . The magnitude of steady-state tension developed by restored hearts was directly related to the external Ca 2+ concentration as well as to the concentration of the restoring agent used. The tension of restored hearts was markedly reduced by Ca 2+ -channel antagonists. Elevation of cyclic AMP levels preceded restoration of excitability to inactivated hearts. A highly significant positive correlation was found between the magnitude of Ca 2+ -dependent tension developed by restored hearts and the level of cyclic AMP in those hearts. Glucagon and ouabain, inotropic drugs that do not elevate myocardial levels of cyclic AMP, failed to restore depolarized or tetrodotoxin-blocked hearts. Therefore, cyclic AMP appears to modulate slow Ca 2+ influx channels in myocardial cells.
ControlWare: a middleware architecture for feedback control of software performance

Attainment of software performance assurances in open, largely unpredictable environments has recently become an important focus for real-time research. Unlike closed embedded systems, many contemporary distributed real-time applications operate in environments where offered load and available resources suffer considerable random fluctuations, thereby complicating the performance assurance problem. Feedback control theory has recently been identified as a promising analytic foundation for controlling performance of such unpredictable, poorly modeled software systems, the same way other engineering disciplines have used this theory for physical process control. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of ControlWare, a middleware QoS-control architecture based on control theory, motivated by the needs of performance-assured Internet services. It offers a new type of guarantees we call convergence guarantees that lie between hard and probabilistic guarantees. The efficacy of the architecture in achieving its QoS goals under realistic load conditions is demonstrated in the context of web server and proxy QoS management.
Recession and life satisfaction in 35 countries

Recessions have many consequences for subjective well-being. In this paper we consider the influence of job losses, changes in consumption, loss of wages and macro-economic factors during recession. Using a novel 35 country dataset and a combination of individual and country-level predictors we find that job loss and a reduction in staple consumption have a particularly strong negative effect on subjective well-being. These effects are partially mediated by subjective beliefs about the impact of the recession. In addition, we find that simply living in a former Soviet or 'transition' country has a strong downward influence on subjective well-being.
Estimating Geochemical Thresholds

Estimating geochemical thresholds is an essential step in most analyses of exploration-geochemical data. The standard textbooks explain the various methods that have been used. For procedures, read Rose, Hawkes, and Webb and Levinson.1 Working with Program 4.1, you can use the method of selecting a threshold as a percentage point of the frequency distribution.
Applying large datasets to developing a better understanding of air leakage measurement in homes

AbstractAir tightness is an important property of building envelopes. It is a key factor in determining infiltration and related wall-performance properties such as indoor air quality, maintainability and moisture balance. Air leakage in U.S. houses consumes roughly 1/3 of the HVAC energy but provides most of the ventilation used to control IAQ. There are several methods for measuring air tightness that may result in different values and sometimes quite different uncertainties. The two main approaches trade off bias and precision errors and thus result in different outcomes for accuracy and repeatability. To interpret results from the two approaches, various questions need to be addressed, such as the need to measure the flow exponent, the need to make both pressurization and depressurization measurements and the role of wind in determining the accuracy and precision of the results. This article uses two large datasets of blower door measurements to reach the following conclusions. For most tests the pres...
Abstract TMP35: Optogenetic Stimulation Of Motor Cortex Neurons Promotes Recovery After Stroke

Objective: Functional recovery after stroke has been observed in both animal and human studies and is currently attributed to both brain remodeling and plasticity. Brain stimulation techniques such as electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation have been used successfully to enhance recovery. However, what mediates this recovery is not well understood. Elucidating the mechanism(s) is difficult because these stimulation techniques non-specifically activate all cell types near the stimulation site. Here we use optogenetic techniques to specifically stimulate layer V pyramidal neurons in the ipsilesional motor cortex at day 5 post-stroke, and investigate the effects on functional recovery as well as underlying mechanisms. Methods: Thy-1-ChR2-YFP line-18 transgenic male mice were used. Mice underwent stereotaxic surgery to implant a fiber cannula in the ipsilesional M1. All mice were then subjected to an intraluminal middle cerebral artery suture occlusion (30min). Optogenetic stimulation began at day 5 post-stroke and continued until day 14 post-stroke. Sensorimotor behavior tests were used to assess their behavioral recovery at day 0, 2, 7, 10 and 14 post-stroke. Body weights were also measured. Changes in cerebral blood flow were measured at day 14 post-stroke using the Laser Doppler Flowmetry. Results: Rotating beam test revealed that stimulated mice recovered significantly faster than non-stimulated control mice at day 10 and 14 after stroke (p Conclusion: These data indicate that optogenetic stimulation of motor cortex neurons can promote behavioral recovery in mice after stroke. Current studies examine the mechanisms underlying this recovery, including genes related to neurovascular coupling and neurotrophic factors after stimulation.
Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMCs) Substrates as Real Time Sensing Systems to Study Biological Cells Adhesion, Traction and Migration

In molecular cell biology, scientists employ many types of substrates over which to culture cells to study them. In many cases these substrates are made of rigid materials like glass or Mica. To mimic the in vivo substrates which are wet and soft and tissue like, they also grow cells on compliant substrates.Depend on the subject of the research, many scientists utilize soft substrates made of gels to mimic the wet and soft tissues in biological systems and to study the migration of cells and related physical characteristics such as velocity, force, adhesion and traction and in general cell migration. Study of each of these subjects and parameters require complex procedures. For instance, time-lapse microscopy techniques are commonly employed that require advanced image processing techniques to track cells. During this time span, cells should be kept in an incubator to imitate their actual environments. One of the challenging physical parameters is the measurement of the force applied by a cell on its substrate in real time. Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are smart multi-functional materials with simultaneous sensing and actuation capabilities provide a unique system to dynamically monitor cell growth, differentiation, migration, adhesion and traction. Currently micro pillars made with polyacrylamide or polyethylene glycol gels and more recently polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microposts from microfabricated silicon masters only give information on cellular activities after the fact. IPMCs are capable or real time sensing of cell dynamics, adhesion and traction. This paper discusses some initial observations and the potential of such cell dynamic observations and tracking.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Radical Pedagogy Mystique: A View from the Trenches. Response to "Practicing Radical Pedagogy: Balancing Ideals with Institutional Constraints.".

I HAVE BEEN "in the trenches," teaching full time since 1970. The main problems I wrote about in my article that Stephen Sweet cites (apathetic students, poor note-taking skills, page-counting students, lack of background knowledge, etc.), prompted me to use teaching techniques that Sweet labels "conservative." These problems have not yet disappeared.' Radical pedagogy has a different definition for everyone, and there is no agreement even among self-identified radical teachers. In my discussion of Sweet's claims, which rest mainly on Freire's (1993) studentcentered model, I will bring up an alternative, teacher-centered perspective based on Gramsci's (1971) views. I will also rely on some basic tenets of Marxist theory to critique the imputed power of teaching techniques to produce social change. Radical teachers who do not use student-centered
CARRYING OUT PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE

Program evaluation and review technique is a scientific method of production management and plan management. It has widely used in industry and agriculture as well as scientific research. In order to practical circumstances, we put forward to a problem of carrying out program evaluation and review technique, and discussing the definition and the classification of carrying out program evaluation and review technique on the base of present program evaluation and review technique. It gave out the solution of the program and an example. The results of analysis and calculation have proved that it is simple and convenient. It has a guidance meaning for practical work.
Amino acid sequence of human lambda chains. 3. Tryptic peptides, chymotryptic peptides, and sequence of protein Bo.

Abstract The primary structure of the variable region of the human λ Bence-Jones Protein Bo has been determined by sequence analysis of the tryptic peptides from the aminoethylated protein and the chymotryptic peptides from the carboxymethylated protein. The primary structure of the constant region has been adduced by partial sequence analysis of the tryptic peptides, from the composition of the chymotryptic peptides, and by homology to other human λ chains. Twenty-three tryptic peptides covering the entire protein and 32 chymotryptic peptides covering all but 8 of the total of 216 residues were isolated. The position of 148 residues was determined directly by Edman degradation and enzymatic digestion or by the overlapping of peptides. The remainder were placed by homology. Compared to the reference λ chain Sh, Protein Bo has additional residues at four new positions (the NH2 terminus and positions 27a, 27b, and 27c) and lacks a residue at position 96 (des-96). Residues 109 through 213 appear identical with the sequence reported for Protein Sh and four other λ chains that have been sequenced, but from 30 to 50 residues differ in the first or variable half of λ chains. The calculated molecular weight of the monomeric form of Protein Bo is 22,982.
Endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain.

SUMMARY Although epidemiology can suggest populations at risk for endometriosis, a single form of therapy with consistent results for all patients is lacking. It is without question that the advancement of conservative therapy for endometriosis-associated pain will depend on the results of well-controlled and randomized studies. Laparoscopic treatment with standardized procedures and instruments should be evaluated in recognition of the requirement of surgery for diagnosis. New approaches may be developed as our understanding of the disease itself expands and its relationship to pain is better defined.
Electrophysiology of functional subsidiary pacemakers in canine right atrium

Glass microelectrodes were used to study the electrical activity of the subsidiary atrial pacemaker (SAP) cells that maintain atrial excitation after suppression of the sinoatrial node. Tissues with documented SAP activity were isolated from the canine inferior right atrium and superfused in vitro with Tyrode solution containing norepinephrine (NE, 10(-8)-10(-7) M). SAP action potentials exhibited prominent diastolic depolarization and a significantly lower maximum diastolic potential, take-off potential, overshoot, rate of rise, and amplitude than typical atrial muscle. Withdrawal of NE completely blocked SAP propagation, although SAP automaticity continued at a slower rate. Acetylcholine (ACh, 5 X 10(-8) M) usually produced complete exit block and decreased spontaneous rate. Higher concentrations of ACh (10(-6) M) elicited a prominent hyperpolarization (19.2 +/- 6.6 mV), completely suppressing SAP automaticity. In quiescent preparations exposed to NE greater than or equal to 10(-7) M, external stimuli at short cycle lengths (less than 1,000 ms) elicited action potentials with delayed afterdepolarizations, which frequently caused nondriven repetitive activity. This triggered activity was inhibited by verapamil or withdrawal of NE. These studies identify and characterize the electrical activity of functional subsidiary pacemakers located in a specific region of the inferior right atrium. In addition, fibers within this region display triggered activity. Spontaneous activity generated by fibers within the SAP region may cause atrial dysrhythmias.
Prospective Patient-Related Outcome Evaluation of Secondary Cleft Rhinoplasty Using a Validated Questionnaire.

Objective: To evaluate patient satisfaction and quality of life following secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Design: Prospective consecutive patient, single unit, single surgeon study. Setting: Spires Cleft Centre, Salisbury, Wilshire, United Kingdom, and private practice. Patients, Participants: 56 (27 secondary cleft rhinoplasty) patients completed evaluation forms preoperatively and 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Interventions: Subjective assessment was performed using a validated Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire. This instrument comprises six questions that capture three quality-of-life domains: physical, mental/emotional, and social. Main Outcome: Rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation scores were calculated (range = 0 to 100) to indication satisfaction with rhinoplasty outcomes. Results: Average age was 28 years (range = 18 to 59 years). There was a significant subjective improvement in the total ROE evaluation scores from 28 ± 10 to 80 ± 11 (P < .01) in secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Sim...
Teaching Strategies for Nourishing Creativity and Innovation

Creativity and innovation is at the core of the PhD programs, but it is much less present in undergraduate or master programs creating a difficult gap for many students. Moreover, the dynamics of the evolution of the current world is making creativity and innovation a requirement for many jobs. However, large class sizes, density of the material presented, domain complexity and instructor research experience are some of the limiting factors that make difficult to include creativity and innovation training in the undergraduate curriculum. In this lightning talk session, educators with practical experience in preparing undergraduate students for creativity, innovation and research, will present and debate strategies to overcome these challenges in classes of various types (e.g. online vs. in class), levels (introductory vs. specialized electives) and using a diverse spectrum of methods, (including active learning, experiential learning, team-based learning, flipped classroom, project-based learning, competition-based learning, capstone courses, and extra-curriculum activities). The session will continue with a panel discussion about the applicability of such methods in various settings, how to start including such elements in classically taught curriculum, and will answer questions from the audience. Specific case studies from the audience are encouraged and will be discussed. At the end of this session the participants will have a better understanding of available strategies and lessons learned of how to make creativity and innovation integral part of the curriculum.
The Role of Collaboration in Service Innovation Across Manufacturing and Service Sectors

This study empirically demonstrates the impact of service innovation on innovation performance for manufacturing and service firms and finds that the effect of service innovation on innovation performance is greater for service firms than manufacturing firms. In addition, the results show that the relationship between the propensity for service innovation and three types of collaboration vertical, horizontal, and third-party collaboration is significant. Furthermore, this study finds that vertical and third-party collaborations are more beneficial than horizontal collaboration for service firms. This research advances the discourse on service innovation in two ways. First, it offers a stronger justification for examining and fostering innovation generation in service industries. Second, the findings regarding the comparative impact of collaboration highlight the desirability of stronger collaborations with channel members whose interests are aligned with the firm and neutral entities whose interests are not in conflict with the firm than with competitors whose interests are likely not aligned with the focal firm. In short, the research presents a detailed and nuanced view of the antecedents and consequences of service innovation.
Paradoxical vocal fold motion in children presenting with exercise induced dyspnea.

Abstract Introduction Although dyspnea with exercise in the pediatric population can be multifactorial, the diagnosis of paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFMD) in this group is not well characterized. The objective of this study is to review the multiple causes of dyspnea with exercise in children, including the prevalence of PVFMD within this study population. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of patients seen at a tertiary pediatric hospital for exercise-induced dyspnea suspected to be related to PVFMD between January 2007 and July 2015. Inclusion criteria included assessment in a specialty exercise clinic and evaluation by a pediatric otolaryngologist and pulmonologist. Pre- and post-exercise pulmonary function tests and laryngoscopic examinations were performed. Data including co-morbidities, presenting symptoms, prior diagnoses and treatments, final diagnoses, prescribed treatments and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results 294 patients were evaluated at our institution during the study period. 4 patients were excluded for insufficient data, which left 290 for analysis. 75 were male, 215 female. All patients underwent treadmill testing with monitoring to simulate strenuous exercise. Average patient age was 14.6 years; average BMI was 21.53. The most common sports to elicit symptoms were running and soccer. Patients most frequently complained of stridor or wheezing in addition to dyspnea. Throat tightness was also a common complaint. After evaluation, 86 patients were given the primary diagnosis of exercise-induced PVFMD. 54 patients were diagnosed with physiologic dyspnea and 30 with exercise-induced asthma. Conclusion Pediatric patients presenting with exercise-induced dyspnea can have multiple etiologies for their symptoms including PVFMD. Other causes of dyspnea with exercise should not be underestimated.
A framework for real-time pro-active safety assistance for mobile crane lifting operations

Abstract Despite many safety considerations addressed in lift pre-planning, the ability to provide real-time safety assistance to crane operators and to mitigate human errors during the lifting operation is missing. This research developed a framework for real-time pro-active safety assistance for mobile crane lifting operations. First, crane poses are reconstructed in real-time based on the critical motions of crane parts captured by a sensor system. Second, as-is lift site conditions are automatically modeled and updated based on point cloud data. Lastly, the risk of colliding the crane parts and lifted load into nearby obstructions is pro-actively analyzed and warnings are provided to the operator through a graphical user interface. A prototype system was developed based on the framework and deployed on a mobile crane. Field test results indicate that the system can accurately reconstruct crane motion in real-time and provide pro-active warnings that allow the operator to make timely decisions to mitigate the risk.
Selection, Analysis and Improvement of Anti-Angiogenesis Compounds Identified by an Anti-HIF-1α Screening and Validation System.

Cancer cells resort to activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) as one of several responses to hypoxic conditions. Overexpression of HIF-1, the transcriptional regulator for a group of malignant-pathway related genes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is associated with increased tumor growth, vascularization, and metastasis. HIF-1 is composed of an inducible subunit, HIF-1α and a constitutively expressed subunit, HIF-1s. HIF-1 activity is mainly dependent on the level of HIF-1α protein, the inducible and regulatory subunit of the HIF-1 heterodimer complex; thus, identification of novel anti-HIF-1α agents will lead to effective blockage of the HIF-1 (HIF-1α)-mediated "switch-on" function for those malignant-pathway related genes and suppression of the HIF-1α/VEGF-mediated signaling pathway that promotes cancer progression and metastasis. While there is an extremely large number of small molecule compounds in the database (compound libraries), the currently existing screening system is inefficient and time-consuming; or, at best, the application of the existing screening system is very limited as it is usually not coupled with biological validation processes. The further development of potential drugs is partly hindered due to the cumbersome steps in between the primary screen and consequent validation: the slow, exhausted and sometimes lack of a linked biological validation process contributes to the dismal fate of scant compounds uncovered in the primary screen. To improve upon the status quo, we developed a prototype screening system that is coupled anti-HIF-1α primary screen with secondary anti-VEGF/anti-angiogenesis validation screens. We used breast cancer cells as the model to select potent anti-HIF-1α small-molecule compounds by their abilities to inhibit transactivation of a VEGF promoter fused to a luciferase reporter gene under hypoxia. Positive compounds were then validated by a series of assays that confirm compounds' anti-HIF-1α activities including measurement of their effects on HIF-1α downstream VEGF gene expression and angiogenic ability of breast cancer cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that we could further improve the compound's potency of anti-HIF-1α and anti-angiogenesis by modifying the identified lead to synthesize a superior (novel) drug.
Emergency department visits by pediatric patients sustained as a passenger on a motorcycle.

ABSTRACTObjective: Currently only 5 out of the 50 states in the United States have laws restricting the age of passengers permitted to ride on a motorcycle. This study sought to characterize the visits by patients under the age of 16 to U.S. emergency departments (EDs) for injuries sustained as a passenger on a motorcycle.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were obtained from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) for the years 2006 to 2011. Pediatric patients who were passengers on a motorcycle that was involved in a crash were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) External Cause of Injury codes. We also examined gender, age, disposition, regional differences, common injuries, and charges.Results: Between 2006 and 2011 there were an estimated 9,689 visits to U.S. EDs by patients under the age of 16 who were passengers on a motorcycle involved in a crash. The overall average patient age was 9.4 years, and they were predominately male (54...
Nonviolence, Attribution of Intentionality and Dogmatism

In any encounter, violent or nonviolent, the response of an individual is influenced by the attribution of the intent of the other actor’s behavior. That is, the intentions of the other person are assessed and responses appropriate to the perceived intentions are displayed. If it is perceived that the intent of a harmful behavior is to provoke, then it is likely that a hostile response will occur. Conversely, if the behavior is deemed accidental or non-provoking in intent, then a nonhostile response will be exhibited. Certain individual difference variables may affect this attributional process. One potential intervening variable is dogmatism.
Applications of the Pool Adjacent Violation Algorithm (PAVA) in Statistical Inferences

The isotonic regression solves many order restricted maximum likelihood estimation problems. This method, especially with the combination of the celebrated EM algorithm, is a powerful mathematical tool to tackle many important and difficult statistical problems. In this chapter we give a few examples to illustrate this method. In general the theoretical results are difficult for shape restricted inferences.
Skip-Gram - Zipf + Uniform = Vector Additivity

In recent years word-embedding models have gained great popularity due to their remarkable performance on several tasks, including word analogy questions and caption generation. An unexpected “side-effect” of such models is that their vectors often exhibit compositionality, i.e., addingtwo word-vectors results in a vector that is only a small angle away from the vector of a word representing the semantic composite of the original words, e.g., “man” + “royal” = “king”. This work provides a theoretical justification for the presence of additive compositionality in word vectors learned using the Skip-Gram model. In particular, it shows that additive compositionality holds in an even stricter sense (small distance rather than small angle) under certain assumptions on the process generating the corpus. As a corollary, it explains the success of vector calculus in solving word analogies. When these assumptions do not hold, this work describes the correct non-linear composition operator. Finally, this work establishes a connection between the Skip-Gram model and the Sufficient Dimensionality Reduction (SDR) framework of Globerson and Tishby: the parameters of SDR models can be obtained from those of Skip-Gram models simply by adding information on symbol frequencies. This shows that Skip-Gram embeddings are optimal in the sense of Globerson and Tishby and, further, implies that the heuristics commonly used to approximately fit Skip-Gram models can be used to fit SDR models.
Three-way clustering of multi-tissue multi-individual gene expression data using constrained tensor decomposition

The advent of next generation sequencing methods has led to an increasing availability of large, multi-tissue datasets which contain gene expression measurements across different tissues and individuals. In this setting, variation in expression levels arises due to contributions specific to genes, tissues, individuals, and interactions thereof. Classical clustering methods are ill-suited to explore these three-way interactions, and struggle to fully extract the insights into transcriptome complexity and regulation contained in the data. Thus, to exploit the multi-mode structure of the data, new methods are required. To this end, we propose a new method, called MultiCluster, based on constrained tensor decomposition which permits the investigation of transcriptome variation across individuals and tissues simultaneously. Through simulation and application to the GTEx RNA-seq data, we show that our tensor decomposition identifies three-way clusters with higher accuracy, while being 11x faster, than the competing Bayesian method. For several age-, race-, or gender-related genes, the tensor projection approach achieves increased significance over single-tissue analysis by two orders of magnitude. Our analysis finds gene modules consistent with existing knowledge while further detecting novel candidate genes exhibiting either tissue-, individual-, or tissue-by-individual specificity. These identified genes and gene modules offer bases for future study, and the uncovered multi-way specificities provide a finer, more nuanced snapshot of transcriptome variation than previously possible.
Toward a Perspective on R&D Outsourcing: RBV and Firm Performance

This paper looks at the vital role of industrial research and development (R&D). The increased outsourcing of industrial R&D is contrasted with a resource-based view of competitive advantage which ...
Cholinergic Systems and Disorders of Carbohydrate Catabolism

During the last 5 years a number of observations have come together to indicate that cholinergic functions are particularly sensitive to hypoxia or other conditions which impair carbohydrate oxidation by the brain. The evidence includes biochemical studies in vitro and in vivo, electrophysiological studies, and clinical observations, and includes work done in a number of laboratories. In discussing these findings and their clinical implications, it is crucial to distinguish between conditions in which the oxidation of substrate by the brain is totally abolished and conditions in which it is more or less impaired but not abolished. In the former, exemplified by total anoxia, the homeostatic mechanisms of the brain fail; levels of ATP and other high energy compounds fall within seconds, and autolysis and death follow soon (5, 24, 25). In contrast, in graded mild hypoxia, the homeostatic mechanisms of the brain appear to be reset so as to maintain the levels of high energy compounds by reducing their utilization. At least 6 laboratories, including our own, have now shown that hypoxia can severely impair neurological function without reducing levels of ATP in the brain (10–13, 26, 31, 34, 35, 37, 42). This point has been documented in great detail by Siesjo’s group in Lund (26, 31, 34, 35; Table 1).
Cucumber, Melons, Watermelons, Squash, and Other Cucurbits

Various species of Cucurbitaceae have served humans as important foods and as many useful products for more than 10,000 years. In particular, species of Cucurbita were a significant source of nutrition for pre-Columbian populations in the Americas. The Cucurbitaceae are largely tropical in origin with different genera originating in Africa, tropical America, and Southeast Asia. Besides the tropics, cultivation of cucurbits is extensive in many temperate regions having long periods of warm weather. Species of important vegetable cucurbits are frost sensitive, although some tolerate low temperatures better than others, and some are adapted to xerophytic conditions.
Scenario-Based Model Predictive Control for Energy Harvesting Actuators

In this paper, we develop a method of control for energy harvesting devices-i.e. systems which can restore their energy reserves online-fit for the purpose of using actuators for tracking a stochastic trajectory. This is a problem of significant novelty, insofar that most prior work concerning energy harvesting devices focuses on energy harvesting communication nodes, and not on devices capable of actuation. Moreover, it is a problem with significant potential applications, as endowing devices with a means for determining how and when energy should be used to best accomplish an assigned task is a central engineering problem faced in developing automation on a large scale. We take a scenario-based model predictive control approach to solving this problem, in which stochastic models of the energy arrival and target evolution processes are used in order to generate a random optimization problem, the solution of which generates a sequence of controls to be applied by the device's actuators. We show that the optimization required by this approach admits a small convex formulation, which may be solved efficiently. We examine the efficacy of the designed controller through numerical simulations.
Cortical neural modulation by previous trial outcome differentiates fast- from slow-learning rats on a visuomotor directional choice task.

We chronically recorded neural activity as rats learned a visuomotor directional choice task from a naive state. Learning rates varied. Single-unit neural modulation of two motor areas revealed tha...
Joint Channel Estimation and Error Correction for Finite-State Markov Channels Using Polar Codes

A joint channel estimation and channel coding scheme is presented for finite-state Markov channels using polar codes. Unlike the conventional approach of first estimating all channel parameters and then performing channel decoding separately, the proposed scheme incorporates a subset of reliable estimates of channel parameters into the decoding algorithm and computes decoding metrics averaged over the statistical behavior of the Markov channel. By adapting list decoding (without any inner code), channel estimation and decoding steps can be performed iteratively to boost the reliability of channel estimation as well as error correction. In order to improve the performance even further, a new pilot transmission scheme is developed that utilizes the structure of polar codes and sends pilot symbols along with code symbols. This construction can be viewed as a new family of shortened polar codes that can be of independent interest. Simulation results demonstrate the benefit of the proposed approach compared to existing solutions.
Contesting Trauma and Violence through Indigeneity and a Decolonizing Pedagogy at Rio Hondo Community College

Over a period of nine years (2011–2019), I have had the opportunity to engage with – and to contextualize through a decolonial and mental health lens – the growing threats to and the policing of st...
Kirwan surjectivity for the equivariant Dolbeault cohomology

Abstract Consider the holomorphic Hamiltonian action of a compact Lie group K on a compact Kahler manifold M with a moment map Φ : M → k ∗ . Assume that 0 is a regular value of the moment map. Weitsman raised the question of what we can say about the cohomology of the Kahler quotient M 0 ≔ Φ − 1 ( 0 ) ∕ K if all the ordinary cohomology of M is of type ( p , p ) . In this paper, using the Cartan–Chern–Weil theory we show that in the above context there is a natural surjective Kirwan map from an equivariant version of the Dolbeault cohomology of M onto the Dolbeault cohomology of the Kahler quotient M 0 . As an immediate consequence, this result provides an answer to the question posed by Weitsman.
The “Long List” in oral interactions: Definition, examples, context, and some of its achievements

Abstract This paper discusses lists, a neglected structure, to challenge taken-for-granted assumptions about them in oral interactions. Two such assumptions are: unlike narratives, lists are perceived as centered on the delivery of objective information; and three-part lists are normative. Using Israeli and U.S.A. radio call-in shows data, this paper discusses the “Long List” – a list with more than three parts. These lists deliver their speaker’s meaning in a structure resembling stories: a “lister” delivers the “list” in a “listing” process. Listings may be explicit or implicit and may include evaluative elements. Long Lists might appear in chains, and in the Israeli data Long Lists demonstrate normative features similar to three-part lists in mundane interactions. Connecting them with their context, lists are sometimes used to emphasize media biases. The conclusion connects the Long Lists to their speech event and to poetics.
Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Relationship to Mental Health Symptoms and Quality of Life After a Deployment-related Lower Limb Amputation.

Study design Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Objective To assess the prevalence and association of low back pain (LBP) with psychosocial factors in Service members with amputations. Summary of background data LBP is a common secondary health condition after amputation with important implications related to function and quality of life. A growing body of evidence suggests that psychosocial factors influence LBP in patients without amputation. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the association of psychosocial factors and LBP after amputation. Methods Seventy-nine individuals with lower limb amputations who were a part of the Wounded Warrior Recovery Project were included in the analysis. Data on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and quality of life (QOL) were collected from the Wounded Warrior Recovery Project, while data on LBP and LBP chronicity were extracted from the Military Health System Data Repository. General linear models were utilized to analyze associations between LBP and psychosocial factors, while controlling for injury severity and time since amputation. Results In individuals with amputations, 19.0% had acute LBP and 49.4% had recurrent LBP. Individuals with amputations and recurrent LBP reported higher PTSD symptom severity compared with those without LBP (B = 9.213, P Conclusions Presence of recurrent LBP after amputation appears to be associated with more severe PTSD and depression symptoms as well as lower QOL. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of addressing psychosocial factors for improving pain and function in service members with amputations and LBP. Level of evidence 3.
Advisory Fee and Mutual Fund Returns

Mutual funds open up the door to diversified investments for individual investors in the stock and bond markets and minimize company-specific stock risk. Since mutual funds are managed by a team of investment professionals, they charge management fees to cover their operating costs, such as the cost of hiring and retaining investment advisors who manage funds’ investment portfolios. Since expenses are a charge against returns to investors, a fund with high fees must perform better than a low-cost fund to generate the same returns for the investor. Even small differences in fees can translate into large differences in returns when compounded over a period of time. This study examines whether higher advisory fee results in a superior rate of return for investors. If there is a link between advisory fee and returns, and are mutual fund investors paying attention? TOPICS:Mutual fund performance, manager selection, wealth management, equity portfolio management Key Findings • There has been a secular trend of declining advisory fees across the sample period. • Equity mutual funds’ 12-month total returns show more volatility than their advisory fee over the period of 2000 to 2017. • Advisory fees had a positive relation to the 12-month total returns, but in terms of causality, we did not find evidence that higher advisory fees are consistent with greater portfolio manager skill. In other words, paying more for advisory services in exchange for higher fund returns is not “worth it.”
Association of the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) Follow-Up Care Measures and Medication Adherence Among Medicaid Insured Children with ADHD.

Objectives:To assess the association of HEDIS C&M phase follow-up measure with ADHD medication adherence.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted using Medicaid data (2014–2016) of children init...
A pedagogical redesign for online pathophysiology

Abstract Best practices for undergraduate nursing education prompted the redesign of a pathophysiology course. Active learning is not new, but there may be delays in its adoption in large didactic courses. Considering diverse learning styles and needs, engaging activities were implemented to facilitate learning in an online pathophysiology course in a large academic health sciences center. Specific examples of active learning strategies are offered including case studies, table of abnormal conditions, short reports on evidence-based practice, group work, and peer learning. This pedagogical shift can facilitate conversations toward better nursing education as we respond to increased demands for optimal virtual learning.
Enabling long-range exploration in minimization of multimodal functions

We consider the problem of minimizing multi-modal loss functions with a large number of local optima. Since the local gradient points to the direction of the steepest slope in an infinitesimal neighborhood, an optimizer guided by the local gradient is often trapped in local optima. To address this issue, we develop a nonlocal gradient to skip small local optima and capture major structures of the lossâ€™s landscape in black-box optimization. The nonlocal gradient is defined by a directional Gaussian smoothing (DGS) approach, so we refer to our nonlocal gradient as DGS gradient. The key idea of DGS is to conducts 1D nonlocal exploration with a large radius along $d$ orthogonal directions in $R^d$, each of which defines a nonlocal directional derivative as a 1D integral. Such long-range exploration enables the DGS gradient to skip small local optima. The $d$ directional derivatives are then assembled to form the nonlocal gradient. We use the Gauss-Hermite (GH) quadrature rule to approximate the $d$ 1D integrals to obtain an accurate estimator. The superior performance of our method is demonstrated in three sets of examples, including benchmark functions for global optimization, and two real-world scientific problems.
Coagulation parameters of captive black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are commonly kept in zoological collections, studied in research, and kept as pets. When presented in states of health and illness, evaluation of selected coagulation parameters can aid in assessment of various coagulopathies, as well as other disease processes such as septicemia, vasculitis, and hepatic disease. This study was conducted in order to determine coagulation parameters in captive black-tailed prairie dogs. Sixteen black-tailed prairie dogs (10 males, 6 females) were presented for annual health evaluations. A blood sample was collected from the jugular vein of each prairie dog while under general isoflurane anesthesia, and prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP) were evaluated using an automated hemostasis analyzer. Results of these tests showed a median PT of 8.4 s and a median APTT of 23.8 s. Median fibrinogen concentration was 343 mg/dL and median FDPs were less than 5 mcg/mL. Almost no published data exists in regard to coagulation parameters in exotic rodents, and limited data can be found for more common laboratory species. New data presented here can promote better physiological understanding and improve clinical management of this rodent species.
Adjusting survey weights when altering identifying design variables via synthetic data

Statistical agencies alter values of identifiers to protect respondents' confidentiality. When these identifiers are survey design variables, leaving the original survey weights on the file can be a disclosure risk. Additionally, the original weights may not correspond to the altered values, which impacts the quality of design-based (weighted) inferences. In this paper, we discuss some strategies for altering survey weights when altering design variables. We do so in the context of simulating identifiers from probability distributions, i.e. partially synthetic data. Using simulation studies, we illustrate aspects of the quality of inferences based on the different strategies.