cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TWENTY YEARS A JOURNAL: AN ANNIVERSARY STATEMENT

The Journal of Educational Administration enters its twentieth year of publication with this edition. In this anniversary statement the Editor briefly examines the original “mission” of the Journal and commits it to a continuation of its international orientation. The history of the Journal encompasses a period of great development in the study of educational administration. In many respects the Journal has been uniquely situated to monitor this exciting growth. It has witnessed the establishment of international organizations and programs, new associations, training programs, and journals. Some of the criticisms of the Journal are considered and commitments for the future are made.
Wire Tensile Testing for Radiation-Hardening Experiments

Nickel, niobium, vanadium, and titanium wire specimens were irradiated with T(d,n) neutrons, Be(d,n) neutrons, or 16-MeV protons to fluence levels ranging from 0.2 to 30 x 10/sup 21/ m/sup -2/. The tensile data indicated that yield strength measurements can provide a reliable method to evaluate the hardening produced by high-energy particle irradiations. The precision of the yield strength data ranged from 0.03 to 0.18 depending on radial flux gradients, material grain size, and wire diameter. Greater variations were observed in the elongation and strain-hardening data; these variations were attributed to the tapered gage sections produced by electropolishing. Tensile elongation and work hardening were also strongly dependent on specimen diameter.
Reducing the Cost of Path Property Monitoring Through Sampling

Run-time monitoring can provide important insights about a program's behavior and, for simple properties, it can be done efficiently. Monitoring properties describing sequences of program states and events, however, can result in significant run-time overhead. In this paper we present a novel approach to reducing the cost of run-time monitoring of path properties. Properties are composed to form a single integrated property that is then systematically decomposed into a set of properties that encode necessary conditions for property violations. The resulting set of properties forms a lattice whose structure is exploited to select a sample of properties that can lower monitoring cost, while preserving violation detection power relative to the original properties. Preliminary studies for a widely used Java API reveal that our approach produces a rich, structured set of properties that enables control of monitoring overhead, while detecting more violations than alternative techniques.
b-adjacent error correction

A high-speed method is derived for single-symbol error correcting Reed-Solomon and Hamming type codes. A matrix description is used for implementation of the codes, in which single-error correction in the Galoies field 2b corresponds to correcting a block of b bits in a binary field. The resulting codes correct not only single-bit errors but also single clusters of b-adjacent-bit errors.
ON THE NUMBER OF BOOTSTRAP REPETITIONS FOR BCa CONFIDENCE INTERVALS

This paper considers the problem of choosing the number of bootstrap repetitions B to use with the BCa bootstrap confidence intervals introduced by Efron (1987, Journal of the American Statistical Association 82, 171–200). Because the simulated random variables are ancillary, we seek a choice of B that yields a confidence interval that is close to the ideal bootstrap confidence interval for which B = ∞. We specify a three-step method of choosing B that ensures that the lower and upper lengths of the confidence interval deviate from those of the ideal bootstrap confidence interval by at most a small percentage with high probability.
Space-time interpolation for adaptive arrays with limited training data

This paper describes a method for improving the small sample support space-time adaptive processing (STAP) performance of distorted linear arrays. Receive arrays which deviate from a straight line may occur, for example, in conformal radar and towed sonar array applications. With limited training data, distorted linear arrays suffer greater signal to interference plus noise (SINR) loss due to inflation of the clutter covariance matrix rank. In this paper, Brennan's rule for the clutter covariance matrix rank is extended to 2D arrays and used to motivate the development of a space-time interpolation (STINT) method for clutter rank reduction. By using a space-time transformation that minimizes the constrained mean-square-error between clutter at the distorted array and a virtual uniform line array, STINT processing lowers the clutter covariance rank and hence improves output SINR when training data is limited. Simulation results also indicate that STINT processing reduces the minimum detectable target velocity (MDV) achievable by finite sample support STAP.
Successful treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with the Solitaire FR thrombectomy device

A young woman with factor V Leiden thrombophilia presented with headache due to thrombosis of the right transverse sinus (TS) and superior sagittal sinus. Despite appropriate anticoagulation, she experienced worsening headache, progressive neurologic deficits and spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Endovascular therapy was therefore undertaken. A 6 mm Solitaire FR device was deployed in the TS and withdrawn in a stepwise fashion, resulting in complete recanalization of the sinus. Her headache improved and her neurologic deficits resolved. Endovascular therapy for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is currently recommended only for those patients with deterioration despite appropriate anticoagulation. The thrombus burden is usually high in this subset of patients, and recanalization can be challenging with currently available endovascular techniques. This is the first report of cerebral venous sinus thrombectomy with the Solitaire FR device, which may offer another option for those patients requiring endovascular treatment.
The evaluation of lung function with PET

In many ways, the lung is an ideal organ for study with positron emission tomography (PET). First, structure-function relations are homogeneous over larger areas than in other organs (reducing problems associated with otherwise relatively poor spatial resolution and partial-volume averaging). Second, many physiologic and metabolic processes can be studied, including pulmonary blood flow, ventilation, vascular permeability, endothelial receptor and enzyme function, among others. A variety of radiotracers have been used to evaluate pulmonary blood flow with PET, including 68Ga- or 11C-albumin microspheres administered intravenously, H2 15O administered by i.v. infusion, and 13N-N2 administered by inhalation. Pulmonary ventilation has been evaluated with both 13N-N2 and 19Ne gas, also administered by inhalation. In general, the relative advantage of one approach over another depends on site-specific cyclotron capacity and experience, and on the nature and timing of concomitant studies with other positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. The various blood flow methods have been used primarily in studies of pulmonary gas exchange, in both experimental animals and in humans. Acute lung injury is usually defined by both an increase in extravascular water (pulmonary edema) and an increase in the permeability of the pulmonary endothelium to protein. Both processes can easily be evaluated with PET. Extravascular water is measured by a combination of scans with i.v. H2 15O and C15O. The latter is administered by inhalation to label the blood pool (to calculate intravascular water concentrations). Pulmonary vascular permeability has been evaluated with dynamic sequential imaging after either 68Ga-transferrin or 11C-methylalbumin infusions. The rate of uptake of either tracer into the pulmonary extravascular space is an index of "leakiness" of the pulmonary endothelium, and is quantified as the pulmonary transcapillary escape rate, or PTCER. PTCER appears to be a highly sensitive index of acute lung injury. Two receptor/ enzyme systems that have been evaluated include the beta-adrenergic receptor system (using 11CGP-12177 as the ligand) and angiotensin converting enzyme (using 18F-fluorocaptopril). In each case, the object is to measure Bmax, or the maximum binding-capacity for the ligand in question. Changes in Bmax can be used to infer changes in protein expression of the receptor or enzyme, or can be used to quantify adequacy of therapy with inhibitor drugs. Given the highly active nature of the pulmonary endothelium, it is likely that many other pulmonary receptor or enzyme systems can be studied in a similar fashion.
Neural Networks, Bayesian a posteriori Probabilities, and Pattern Classification

Researchers in the fields of neural networks, statistics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence have followed three basic approaches to developing new pattern classifiers. Probability Density Function (PDF) classifiers include Gaussian and Gaussian Mixture classifiers which estimate distributions or densities of input features separately for each class. Posterior probability classifiers include multilayer perceptron neural networks with sigmoid nonlinearities and radial basis function networks. These classifiers estimate minimum-error Bayesian a posteriori probabilities (hereafter referred to as posterior probabilities) simultaneously for all classes. Boundary forming classifiers include hard-limiting single-layer perceptrons, hypersphere classifiers, and nearest neighbor classifiers. These classifiers have binary indicator outputs which form decision regions that specify the class of any input pattern. Posterior probability and boundary-forming classifiers are trained using discriminant training. All training data is used simultaneously to estimate Bayesian posterior probabilities or minimize overall classification error rates. PDF classifiers are trained using maximum likelihood approaches which individually model class distributions without regard to overall classification performance. Analytic results are presented which demonstrate that many neural network classifiers can accurately estimate posterior probabilities and that these neural network classifiers can sometimes provide lower error rates than PDF classifiers using the same number of trainable parameters. Experiments also demonstrate how interpretation of network outputs as posterior probabilities makes it possible to estimate the confidence of a classification decision, compensate for differences in class prior probabilities between test and training data, and combine outputs of multiple classifiers over time for speech recognition.
Web-based education: what is next?

In 2006 the InterLabs Research Institute (IRI) at Bradley University (Peoria, IL, U.S.A.) organized and managed multiple face-to-face and online surveys worldwide regarding 2006-2010 perspectives of various aspects of top quality Web-based education (WBE). The experts from more than 30 countries volunteered to participate in those surveys and provided detailed answers regarding technologies, courseware and services for WBE that expected to be most used in 2006-2010. Project multiple findings [1] will be useful for administrators and faculty-innovators who want to succeed in WBE projects and provide top quality WBE. This paper is focused on types of courseware, learning managements systems, technologies, instructional approaches, types of courses and workers that will be in great demand in Web-based education area in 2006-2010.
A Low-Profile, Wideband Antenna With Vertically Polarized Directional Radiation

A low-profile, compact, and wideband vertically polarized antenna demonstrating directional radiation characteristics in both the azimuth and the elevation planes is presented. The antenna is composed of four bent-diamond-shaped half-loops placed on a ground plane. The half-loops are fed at their centers and short-circuited to the ground at their ends. Two of the half-loops are fed in phase, while the other two are fed with 180 ° phase difference generating omnidirectional and figure-eight-shaped radiation patterns, respectively. Coherent combination of these radiation patterns generates a cardioid-shaped directional pattern. A prototype of the antenna was fabricated and characterized. The antenna has electrical dimensions of 0.54λ min × 0.4λ min × 0.116λ min at its lowest frequency of operation and operates over a 2:1 bandwidth.
The Value-Added Role of Boundary-Spanning Employees

A goal of this exploratory study was to gain insights into the role which boundary spanning employees play in the formation of consumer preferences for products. Consumers were surveyed regarding their most recent sales encounter with a life insurance agent. Regression and factor analysis reveal that the most important aspects measured in this study were those which describe the agent rather than the core product. This exploratory study indicates that variables such as the personality and trustworthiness of boundary spanning employees may be more important than core product attributes in the formation of some consumer product preferences.
Transitioning to Safer Chemicals in Academic Research Laboratories: Lessons Learned at the University of Washington

Chemicals are an integral component of laboratory activities in academia but minimizing hazards and environmental impacts of chemicals is challenging. This paper describes how laboratories in University of Washington’s Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (UW DEOHS) partnered with the UW Green Laboratory Program to explore approaches for assisting laboratories to adopt green chemistry principles and select safer chemicals. Chemical inventories, purchasing records, and hazardous waste data were used to quantitate chemical use in DEOHS. Characterizing chemical use based on the data sources provided the project team with a summary of the high volume chemicals used by departmental laboratories. As a way to target chemicals that are highly hazardous but not used in large masses/volumes, laboratory managers were asked about highly hazardous or toxic chemicals they used. Two chemicals were selected for alternatives assessments and developed into case studies that represent different barri...
»Ein Blitz, Für Uns«: Stefan George’s Queer Dynasty

Starting early in his poetic oeuvre Stefan George gave the concept of Bund a homoerotic hue. But George gradually moved the concept away from evanescent encounters, and towards the poetic creation of a structure of dynastic transmission. After George’s death in 1933 this created a challenge for his followers in determining whether George’s conception of Bund was intended to be political or poetic.
Constructing the Concept of Aptitude: Implications for the Assessment of Analogical Reasoning

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the concept of aptitude, and its implications for the assessment of analogical reasoning. Test developers help construct aptitude and achievement concepts rather than passively measure them. They generate tests to conform to the intellectual and social values of the educational community and their own personal interests. This chapter illustrates the changing conceptualization of aptitude in different centuries, current approaches to the assessment of analogical reasoning, and new directions in assessing analogical reasoning. The interaction of person and situation was the key element that determined the success or failure of the learning episode. The goal of aptitude theory is to describe and explain the initial states of learners in ways that establish solid, pedagogically useful connections with the relevant features of treatment environments, both real and desired, to reach goals of field achievement. Field achievement is viewed as successful learning by the student or as successful pedagogy on the part of the teacher or instructional program. The aptitude network is displayed as a matrix, in which the columns display the educational process in terms of changes in the learner's knowledge and skills.
Näherungsweise Bestimmung der Eigenfrequenzen von Hohlraumresonatoren beliebiger Gestalt

In einem metallisch umschlossenen verlustfreien elektromagnetischen Hohlraum gehorchen die Felder E und H den Wellengleichungen $$ \left( {{\nabla ^2} + {k^2}} \right)E\left( {x,y,z} \right) = 0;\left( {{\nabla ^2} + {k^2}} \right)H\left( {x,y,z} \right) = 0 $$ (15.1) mit reellem k = w/c. Die Randbedingungen n × E = 0 bzw. n · H = 0 auf der metallischen Umgrenzung machen das Problem zu einem Eigenwertproblem, d. h. von Null verschiedene Losungen der Feldgleichungen bestehen nur fur ein diskretes Spektrum von Eigenwerten k 2 µ = (ωµ/c)2, wobei die ωµ das Spektrum der Eigenfrequenzen bilden. Fur jede Eigenschwingung ist im Zeitmittel die gesamte elektrische Feldenergie gleich der gesamten magnetischen Feldenergie.
William Godwin, Necro-Tourism, and the Empirical Afterlife of the Dead

In 1825, William Hazlitt named William Godwin one of the Spirits of the Age. Godwin deserved that designation not only as reformer, philosopher, biographer, and novelist, but also as an apostle of literary necro-tourism. His Essay on Sepulchres offers the Romantic era’s most fully developed description of tourism as a quest to locate the dead, helping us to recognize Romanticism’s dependence not just on the past, but more precisely on bodies dead and buried. The Essay grounds (quite literally) literary commemoration in the grave, and it applies that same logic of authentication to national imaginings.
End-to-end resilience mechanisms for network transport protocols

The universal reliance on and hence the need for resilience in network communications has been well established. Current transport protocols are designed to provide fixed mechanisms for error remediation (if any), using techniques such as ARQ, and offer little or no adaptability to underlying network conditions, or to different sets of application requirements. The ubiquitous TCP transport protocol makes too many assumptions about underlying layers to provide resilient end-to-end service in all network scenarios, especially those which include significant heterogeneity. Additionally the properties of reliability, performability, availability, dependability, and survivability are not explicitly addressed in the design, so there is no support for resilience. This dissertation presents considerations which must be taken in designing new resilience mechanisms for future transport protocols to meet service requirements in the face of various attacks and challenges. The primary mechanisms addressed include diverse end-to-end paths, and multi-mode operation for changing network conditions.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection: an innate perspective

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infection in children and adults. However, infection with this virus sometimes leads to severe lower respiratory disease and is the major cause of infant hospitalisations in the developed world. Several risk factors such as baby prematurity and congenital heart disease are known to predispose towards severe disease but previously healthy, full-term infants can also develop bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia during RSV infection. The causes of severe disease are not fully understood but may include dysregulation of the immune response to the virus, resulting in excessive recruitment and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells that can cause damage. This review highlights recent discoveries on the balancing act of immune-mediated virus clearance versus immunopathology during RSV infection.
Quantitative measures of walking and strength provide insight into brain corticospinal tract pathology in multiple sclerosis

Abstract At least 85% of individuals with multiple sclerosis report walking dysfunction as their primary complaint. Walking and strength measures are common clinical measures to mark increasing disability or improvement with rehabilitation. Previous studies have shown an association between strength or walking ability and spinal cord MRI measures, and strength measures with brainstem corticospinal tract magnetization transfer ratio. However, the relationship between walking performance and brain corticospinal tract magnetization transfer imaging measures and the contribution of clinical measurements of walking and strength to the underlying integrity of the corticospinal tract has not been explored in multiple sclerosis. The objectives of this study were explore the relationship of quantitative measures of walking and strength to whole-brain corticospinal tract-specific MRI measures and to determine the contribution of quantitative measures of function in addition to basic clinical measures (age, gender, symptom duration and Expanded Disability Status Scale) to structural imaging measures of the corticospinal tract. We hypothesized that quantitative walking and strength measures would be related to brain corticospinal tract-specific measures, and would provide insight into the heterogeneity of brain pathology. Twenty-nine individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (mean(SD) age 48.7 (11.5) years; symptom duration 11.9(8.7); 17 females; median[range] Expanded Disability Status Scale 4.0 [1.0–6.5]) and 29 age and gender-matched healthy controls (age 50.8(11.6) years; 20 females) participated in clinical tests of strength and walking (Timed Up and Go, Timed 25 Foot Walk, Two Minute Walk Test ) as well as 3 T imaging including diffusion tensor imaging and magnetization transfer imaging. Individuals with multiple sclerosis were weaker (p = 0.0024) and walked slower (p = 0.0013) compared to controls. Quantitative measures of walking and strength were significantly related to corticospinal tract fractional anisotropy (r > 0.26; p 0.29; p 0.05). Walk velocity was a significant contributor to magnetization transfer ratio (p = 0.006) and fractional anisotropy (p = 0.011) in regression modeling that included both quantitative measures of function and basic clinical information. Quantitative measures of strength and walking are associated with brain corticospinal tract pathology. The addition of these quantitative measures to basic clinical information explains more of the variance in corticospinal tract fractional anisotropy and magnetization transfer ratio than the basic clinical information alone. Outcome measurement for multiple sclerosis clinical trials has been notoriously challenging; the use of quantitative measures of strength and walking along with tract-specific imaging methods may improve our ability to monitor disease change over time, with intervention, and provide needed guidelines for developing more effective targeted rehabilitation strategies.
Hostile Control of Ships via False GPS Signals: Demonstration and Detection

An attacker's ability to control a maritime surface vessel by broadcasting counterfeit civil Global Positioning System (GPS) signals is analyzed and demonstrated. The aim of this work is to explore civil maritime transportation's vulnerability to deceptive GPS signals and to develop a detection technique that is compatible with sensors commonly available on modern ships. It is shown that despite access to a variety of high-quality navigation and surveillance sensors, modern maritime navigation depends crucially on satellite navigation and that a deception attack can be disguised as the effects of slowly-changing ocean currents. An innovations-based detection framework that optimally chooses the measurement sampling interval to minimize the probability of a ship exceeding its alert limits without detection is developed and analyzed. A field experiment confirms the vulnerability analysis by demonstrating hostile control of a 65-m yacht in the Mediterranean Sea. Copyright © 2017 Institute of Navigation
Influence of fuel properties on internal nozzle flow development in a multi-hole diesel injector

Abstract Fuel physical properties are known to influence in-nozzle flow behavior, in turn affecting spray formation in internal combustion engines. A series of 3D simulations was performed to model the internal nozzle flow in a five-hole mini-sac diesel injector. The goal of the study was to evaluate the behavior of two gasoline-like fuels (full-range naphtha and light naphtha) and compare them against n-Dodecane, selected from a palette used as a diesel surrogate. Simulations were carried out using a multi-phase flow representation based on the mixture model assumption with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, and including cavitation effects by means of the Homogeneous Relaxation Model (HRM). Validated methodologies from our previous studies were employed to account for full needle motion. Detailed simulations revealed the influence of the fuel properties on injector performance, injected fuel energy and propensity to cavitation. The three fuels were compared with respect to global parameters such as mass flow rate and area contraction coefficients, and local parameters such as pressure and velocity distribution inside the sac and orifices. Parametric investigations were also performed to understand the fuel response to changes in the fuel injection temperature, injection pressure, and geometry details. Cavitation magnitude was observed to be strongly associated with the values of saturation pressure. Owing to their higher volatility, the two gasoline-like fuels were observed to cavitate more than n-Dodecane across all the investigated conditions. While at full needle lift cavitation was reduced for all fuels, during the injection transients the gasoline-like fuels showed more propensity to cavitate inside the orifice and seat regions. This is expected to have a profound influence on nozzle erosion. Although full-range and light naphtha have lower densities compared to n-Dodecane, owing to their lower viscosity, the mass flow rate differences between the naphtha fuels and n-Dodecane were small. The analysis of fuel energy content showed that the higher lower heating value (LHV) of light naphtha helped compensate for the slightly lower total delivered mass.
Improved Early Detection of Sepsis in the ED With a Novel Monocyte Distribution Width Biomarker

Background Sepsis most often presents to the ED, and delayed detection is harmful. WBC count is often used to detect sepsis, but changes in WBC count size also correspond to sepsis. We sought to determine if volume increases of circulating immune cells add value to the WBC count for early sepsis detection in the ED. Methods A blinded, prospective cohort study was conducted in two different ED populations within a large academic hospital. Results Neutrophil and monocyte volume parameters were measured in conjunction with routine CBC testing on a UniCel DxH 800 analyzer at the time of ED admission and were evaluated for the detection of sepsis. There were 1,320 subjects in the ED consecutively enrolled and categorized as control subjects (n = 879) and those with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (n = 203), infection (n = 140), or sepsis (n = 98). Compared with other parameters, monocyte distribution width (MDW) best discriminated sepsis from all other conditions (area under the curve [AUC], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.84; sensitivity, 0.77; specificity, 0.73; MDW threshold, 20.50), sepsis from SIRS (AUC, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67-0.84), and severe sepsis from noninfected patients in the ED (AUC, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.75-0.99; negative predictive value, 99%). The added value of MDW to WBC count was statistically significant (AUC, 0.89 for MDW + WBC vs 0.81 for WBC alone; P Conclusions The incorporation of MDW with WBC count is shown in this prospective cohort study to improve detection of sepsis compared with WBC count alone at the time of admission in the ED. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02232750; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
An Historical Perspective

In the view of this author, the finite element and boundary element methods have a common root in the pioneering work of E. Betti (1872). Betti formulated a reciprocal work theorem, considering the work done by stresses in one solution state doing work on the strains of a distinct solution state. Such a “work” is work only in the mathematical sense and obviously has no physical counterpart.
Abstract 3313: Autophagic ovarian cancer cells exhibit substantially enhanced sensitivity to Crizotinib

One of the major factors contributing to poor outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer is the persistence of dormant, drug resistant cancer cells after primary surgery and chemotherapy. Recurrent, progressively growing ovarian cancer metastases are generally well vascularized and may only have a small fraction of cancer cells undergoing autophagy. By contrast, the persistent, drug resistant, dormant cancer cells that remain on the peritoneal cavity after conventional treatment tend to be poorly vascularized. In this nutrient-poor, avascular microenvironment autophagy is widespread and can be found in more than 80% of cases. Drugs that regulate survival in autophagic cancer cells may be much more active when administered as maintenance therapy than when used to treat gross primary or recurrent disease. Using unbiased siRNA screens, we have identified target genes that regulate the survival of ovarian cancer cells that are undergoing autophagy that has been induced by the re-expression of DIRAS3 or by amino acid starvation. Knockdown of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) significantly reduced survival of ovarian cancer cells that were undergoing autophagy. Importantly, the FDA-approved ALK inhibitor, Crizotinib, exhibited significantly greater toxicity after induction of autophagy by upregulation of DIRAS3 (ARHI) in OVCAR8, CAOV3, and SKOv3 ovarian cancer cells. Induction of autophagy by upregulation of DIRAS3 in SKOv3 ovarian cancer cells reduced the IC50 of Crizotinib from 7.44µM ± 0.04708 to 2.129µM ± 0.06152 (P Citation Format: Alicia M. Blessing, Yan Wang, Weiqun Mao, Lan Pang, Zhen Lu, Robert C. Bast. Autophagic ovarian cancer cells exhibit substantially enhanced sensitivity to Crizotinib [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3313. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3313
Development of a Pressure Swing Adsorption Cycle for Producing High Purity CO2 from Dilute Feed Streams. Part I: Feasibility Study

Simulations of a 3-bed 9-step pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycle were carried out to study the enrichment and recovery of 0.4 vol % CO2 from dry air using 13X zeolite with the feed pressure and flow rate fixed at 1 atm and 570 SLPM. The goal was to produce 97 vol % CO2 at greater than 62% CO2 recovery, less than 1 kW vacuum pump power, and small volume. The PSA cycle step sequence consisted of feed (F), idle (I), heavy reflux (HR), cocurrent equalization down (EqD), forced cocurrent depressurization (CoD), countercurrent depressurization (CnD), light reflux (LR), countercurrent equalization up (EqU), and light product pressurization (LPP). A parametric study revealed the following effects on the PSA process performance. Increases in the HR = LR = F step time (thus cycle time) caused significant increases in the CO2 purity and vacuum pump power, while the CO2 recovery exhibited a modest maximum. Increases in the LR ratio caused significant increases in both the CO2 recovery and power but only a modest i...
Background and Perspective

The recognition and characterization of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) has evolved over the course of more than 50 years. The suggestion that chronic pancreatitis was sometimes caused by autoimmune mechanisms was mentioned in several publications beginning in 1959, but the recognition of characteristic clinical, imaging, and histopathologic features for such patients was not recorded until the 1990s. The characterization of AIP continues to be refined in multiple centers and countries. Heterogeneity in the histopathology among cases delayed the recognition of AIP, but ultimately led to the recognition of two subtypes, one of which occurs in the context of IgG4-RD. The recognition of IgG4-RD can be regarded as an outgrowth of the study of autoimmune pancreatitis.
Overcoming gender stereotype entry barriers to computing degree programs: the cybergirlz program experience

In order to address declining enrollment trends and lack of women in information technology (IT) careers, faculty and staff of a major Midwestern university developed two girls-only IT summer camps for middle school and high school students. The camps were developed in order to provide a long-term, broad-reaching solution to increase girls' and young women's interest in IT through a combination of activities, group work and interaction with mentors. This paper describes issues surrounding enrollment of women in IT programs, key elements of educational programs geared toward women in IT, and the development, implementation and future directions for the University's girls-only IT summer camp programs.
The EBV BRLF1 Protein Has Sequence And Functional Similarity With The C-myb Oncogene

It has recently been recognized that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immediate-early (IE) gene product, BZLF1, plays a crucial role in disrupting iral latency (1). The BZLF1 (Z) protein is capable of binding to AP-1 sites as well as some sites unrelated to AP-1 (referred to as ZRE’s), and appears to function as a transcriptional transactivator through binding to these responsive promoter elements (2–5). However, it appears that the function of Z as a transactivator can be significantly affected by the host cell context. We have previously reported that the EBV early BMRF1 (EAD) promoter is efficiently transactivated by Z alone in epithelial cells such as HeLa, whereas Z has only a small effect on this promoter in lymphoid cell lines such as Jurkat(6). In addition, we have shown that this inefficient transactivation of the BMRF1 promoter by Z in lymphoid cells can be greatly increased by cotransfection with the EBV BRLF1 (R) IE gene product (a transcriptional transactivator in its own right), and have suggested that the combination of Z and R is required for maximal transactivation of certain promoters(6). In this report we demonstrate that the cellular c-myb proto-oncogene, like R, can cooperate synergistically with Z in lymphoid cells in activating the BMRF1 promoter.
Politics, Formal Modeling of

This article describes the noncooperative game-theoretic approach to studying political phenomena, using examples to illustrate the various concepts and moving parts. It examines the ability of this approach to generate conclusions about the influence of different political institutions on policy outcomes. This approach is put in the context of earlier results from the cooperative game-theoretic approach, for example the median voter theorem and the chaos theorems.
Solution-based adaptive mesh redistribution applied to harmonic balance solvers

Abstract A primary source of inaccuracy in numerical simulations is due to errors that are introduced into the solution via the discretization of the continuous governing equations over the computational domain. By increasing the grid resolution in regions with high flow gradients and large curvatures using a solution-adaptive approach, these discretization errors can be reduced. In this paper, an adaptive mesh technique is presented that can efficiently cluster the grid nodes in sensitive regions by redistribution and relocation of the grid nodes. This adaptive technique is specifically important to unsteady periodic flow cases where the length scales of the flow features (such as shocks, boundary layer, and separation zones) can differ between time instances. The proposed technique is developed – for the first time in the literature – for a harmonic balance method to efficiently model unsteady periodic flows. To study the performance of the proposed technique in improving the accuracy of the flow solver, steady and unsteady flow cases are studied. Numerical results show that the adaptive mesh redistribution technique is capable of efficiently increasing the accuracy of the numerical solver with a relatively low computational overhead.
Development of new microwave and millimeter-wave end-coupled band-pass filters using broadside-coupled coplanar waveguides

This paper reports the development of a new class of end- coupled band-pass filters using broadside-coupled coplanar waveguides (CPWs) suitable for microwave and millimeter- wave integrated circuits. The filters consist of a sequence of CPW broadside-coupled sections periodically located along CPW. Several three-resonator band-pass filters have been developed at X-band (8-12 GHz) and Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz). Good agreement between the theoretical and ex- perimental results has been found.
Experimental Model Systems

To study the chloroplast outside the living cell, it is necessary to find experimental systems to serve as models. To begin with, special techniques for chloroplast isolation were used, e.g., grinding the Euglena cells with glass beads and, by differential centrifugation, isolating the chloroplasts. In addition, ultrasonic techniques were used to obtain colloidal dispersions of the chloroplasts. Other studies were directed toward solubilizing the chloroplasts with various low concentrations (1 to 2 percent) of nonionic detergents (e.g., digitonin, nacconal, tergitol) in aqueous solution.
Low-dose CT simulation with a generative adversarial network

This paper introduces a generative adversarial network (GAN) for low-dose CT (LDCT) simulation, which is an inverse process for network-based low-dose CT denoising. Within our GAN framework, the generator is an encoder-decoder network with a shortcut connection to produce realistic noisy LDCT images. To ensure satisfactory results, a conditional batch normalization layer is incorporated into the bottleneck between the encoder and the decoder. After the model is trained, a Gaussian noise generator serves as the latent variable controlling the noise in generated CT images. With the Mayo Low-dose CT Challenge dataset, the proposed network was trained on image patches, and then produced full-size low-dose CT images of different noise distributions at various noise levels. The network-generated low-dose CT images can be used to test the robustness of the current low-dose CT denoising models and also help perform other imaging tasks such as optimization of radiation dose to patients and evaluation of model observers.
Treatment of dystonia and tics

Treatment of dystonia and tics continues to evolve. In dystonia, while oral agents such as benzodiazepines, baclofen and anticholinergics remain in use, botulinum toxin (BoNT) continues to be regarded as the treatment of choice for focal and segmental dystonia, but new preparations are being studied. While deep brain stimulation (DBS) has typically focused on targeting the globus pallidus internus (GPi) when treating dystonia, more recent research has expanded the targets to include subthalamic nucleus (STN) and other targets. In addition to DBS, thalamotomies continue to show therapeutic benefit in focal hand dystonias. Treatment of tics includes a growing armamentarium of options besides the three FDA-approved drugs, all dopamine receptor blockers (haloperidol, pimozide and aripiprazole). Because of lower risk of adverse effects, dopamine depleters (e.g. tetrabebazine, deutetrabenazine, and valbenazine), along with novel D1 receptor antagonists, are currently studied as treatment alternatives in patients with tics. Practice guidelines for the treatment of tics and Tourette syndrome have been recently updated. Data regarding the use of DBS in treatment of tics remains relatively sparse, but international registries have expanded our understanding of the effect of stimulation at several targets.
Teaching Introductory Statistics Online — Satisfying the Students

This paper describes the components of a successful, online, introductory statistics course and shares students' comments and evaluations of each component. Past studies have shown that quality int...
New loading method for high precision Sm isotope analysis of nuclear materials using thermal ionization mass spectrometry

This work demonstrates an analytical protocol for high precision Sm isotope analysis by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) using a Pt activator. The method permits precise measurements of small aliquots (1–20 ng) of Sm on single Re filament using a modified static-total evaporation technique. This study represents the first attempt to use such protocols for Sm isotope analyses while reducing the loading size of Sm for TIMS. The method could potentially be deployed to study geological, meteorites and lunar samples containing low Sm concentrations, to monitor neutron irradiation exposure based on 149,150Sm, or to measure Sm isotopic composition in other types of nuclear samples.
Pfeifferinella gugleri (Apicomplexa: Pfeifferinellidae) in Half-Lidded Ovals, Patera binneyana (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Polygyridae), from Oklahoma, U.S.A.

Fecal samples collected in April 2019 from 10 half-lidded ovals, Patera binneyana (Pilsbry, 1899) (Gastropoda), in McCurtain County, Oklahoma, U.S.A., were examined for coccidial parasites. Seven (70%) contained oocysts of Pfeifferinella gugleriWacha, 1980. Ovoidal octozoic oocysts without sporocysts measured (average L × W) 22.2 × 14.1 µm with an L:W ratio of 1.5. Oocysts possessed a subspheroidal to spheroidal oocyst residuum as well as a micropyle. This snail represents the fourth host to harbor this coccidian. We document a new host and geographic distribution record for P. gugleri.
The settlement of the United States, 1800–2000: The long transition towards Gibrat’s law

Abstract Gibrat’s law, the orthogonality of growth with initial levels, has long been considered a stylized fact of local population growth. But throughout U.S. history, local population growth has significantly deviated from it. Across small locations, growth was strongly negatively correlated with initial population throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This strong convergence gave way to moderate divergence beginning in the mid-twentieth century. Across intermediate and large locations, growth became moderately positively correlated with initial population starting in the late nineteenth century. This divergence eventually dissipated but never completely. A simple-one sector model combining the entry of new locations, a friction from population growth, and a decrease in the congestion arising from the supply of land closely matches these and a number of other evolving empirical relationships.
A Revision of the Didelphid Marsupial Genus Marmosa Part 3. A New Species from Western Amazonia, with Redescriptions of M. perplexa Anthony, 1922, and M. germana Thomas, 1904

We describe a new species of woolly mouse opossum from northwestern Amazonia, Marmosa jansae, based on museum specimens previously misidentified either as M. germanaThomas, 1904, or as M. reginaThomas, 1898. Instead of being closely related to either of those species, M. jansae appears to be the sister taxon of M. perplexaAnthony, 1922, a trans-Andean species previously synonymized with M. phaea Thomas, 1899. We redescribe M. perplexa, which inhabits critically endangered evergreen and semideciduous forests in southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru. We also redescribe M. germana, an Amazonian species that has long been synonymized with M. regina, but which molecular analyses now suggest is the sister taxon of a trans-Andean species complex that includes M. alstoni (Allen, 1900). These results substantially clarify the long-confused taxonomy of woolly mouse opossums (subgenus Micoureus), provide new examples of sister-group relationships between upper-Amazonian and trans-Andean taxa, and raise interesting questions about congeneric diversity in northwestern Amazonia, where as many as six species of Marmosa might occur sympatrically.
Design and Optimization of a High-Torque-Density Low-Torque-Ripple Vernier Machine Using Ferrite Magnets for Direct-Drive Applications

In recent years, Vernier permanent magnet machines (VPMs) have gained much interest in academia. However, due to the large leakage flux, the power factor of Vernier machines is too low to be applied in real industry. In this paper, a novel split-tooth, concentrated-winding Vernier machine using ferrite magnets is proposed for high-torque, low-speed direct-drive applications in home appliance industry. It uses consequent-pole magnets in the rotor, as well as additional assisted magnets in the stator teeth, in order to reduce the leakage flux and boost the torque density. A systematic way of reducing the torque ripple from 40% to 4% is proposed by carefully choosing the right combination of stator/rotor pole pair numbers. A comprehensive design optimization is conducted to achieve the optimal performance. Finally, the ac loading is carefully reduced to meet the torque, saturation, power factor and space requirements. The test results of a prototyped machine show that the proposed design can achieve 34% more torque and 20% less loss with a reasonable power factor of 0.63, compared with an optimized PM synchronous machine under the same volume. It is found that the significant torque boost is attributed to the multiple working harmonics of the air-gap flux density.
When the Weak Roar: Understanding Protracted Intrastate Conflict

Much research on protracted intrastate conflict has either centered on internal conditions characterizing an important protagonist (e.g. grievance, greed), or on dyadic interactions between them that frequently employ game theory. Cross-sectional methodologies often are used in empirical testing. Here, I propose to use the dyad as the principal unit of analysis, but examine each of the actor’s diachronically as they interact with each other. Specifically, the ephemeral gain, a theory integral to Origins of Political Extremism (Cambridge 2011), has been employed in this analysis. I hypothesize that whether as rebel or government, when an actor engaged in intrastate conflict experiences an ephemeral gain, it is more likely to prolong the conflict. If both actors have experienced this phenomenon, then the conflict is even more likely to continue. Important here is the risk acceptance by rebels resulting from the anger attendant upon an ephemeral gain. Research in social psychology strongly supports this variable sequence. The case of the Kurds in the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey, Iran, and Iraq is offered as an illustration. Ephemeral gains experienced both by the Kurds and by the Republic of Turkey acted to prolong this conflict to the present day.