cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance Tradeoffs for Emulation, Hardware Acceleration, and Simulation

Performance demands for design verification continue to grow (exponentially) with the size of designs. Consequently, the amount of time spent verifying a particular design meets its specification is taking an ever-increasing proportion of the design cycle time. Given the substantial costs and increasing importance of system verification technologies, determining the best verification strategy is critical to design and business success. This paper focuses on how a designer can develop and use a performance/cost model to perform tradeoffs between the different types of emulation, hardware acceleration, and simulation tools available. Different forms of model and parameters are explored, with some typical engineering examples illustrated.
Impact of Electronic Medical Record Alerts on Emergency Physician Workflow and Medical Management.

Abstract Background Electronic medical record (EMR) alerts are automated messages that notify the physician of important information. However, little is known about how EMR alerts affect the workflow and decision-making of emergency physicians (EPs). Study Objectives This study aimed to quantify the number of EMR alerts EPs receive, the time required to resolve alerts, the types of alerts EPs receive, and the impact of alerts on patient management. Methods We performed a prospective observational study at a tertiary care ED with 130,000 visits annually. Research assistants observed EPs on shift from May to December 2018. They recorded the number of EMR alerts received, time spent addressing the alerts, the types of alerts received, and queried the EP to determine if the alert impacted patient management. Results Seven residents and six attending physicians were observed on a total of 17 shifts and 153 patient encounters; 78% (119) of patient encounters involved alerts. These 119 patients triggered 530 EMR alerts. EPs spent a mean of 7.06 s addressing each alert and addressed 3.46 alerts per total patient seen. In total, EPs spent approximately 24 s per patient resolving alerts. Only 12 alerts (2.26%) changed clinical management. Conclusion EPs frequently receive EMR alerts, however, most alerts were not perceived to impact patient care. These alerts contribute to the high volume of interruptions EPs must contend with in the clinical environment of the ED.
Design of Line-Tracking Robot Based on P-FUZZY-PI Control

In this paper, a line -tracking robot based on P -FUZZY -PI control was designed. A Freescale's 16 bit MCU-MC9S12DG128B was adopted to be its controller, and a monochrome CMOS image sensor was chose to sample the roads' parameters to get the control information. Besides, special circuitries were designed to detect real time speed of the motor and angle change of the servo, then two closed loops about these two parameters were structured, Some control algorithms, such as P control, PI control or fuzzy control, were adopted according to different error, thus the strategy of line-tracking robot was optimized. The results demon-strate the availability of system.
Memory-Constrained No-Regret Learning in Adversarial Multi-Armed Bandits

An adversarial multi-armed bandit problem with memory constraints is studied where the memory for storing arm statistics is only in a sublinear order of the number of arms. A hierarchical learning framework that offers a sequence of operating points on the tradeoff curve between the regret order and memory complexity is developed. Its sublinear regret orders are established under both weak regret and shifting regret notions. This work appears to be the first on memory-constrained bandit problems in the adversarial setting.
Oral health curriculum evaluation tool (OHCET) for primary care training programs.

BACKGROUND Primary care training schools and programs lack a validated tool to assess their oral health curriculum, and researchers lack a tool to compare oral health curricula across programs/schools and different disciplines. OBJECTIVE This study describes the process and results of creating a 15-item oral health curriculum evaluation tool (OHCET). METHODS Three-phased development of the OHCET from 2018 to 2020 including (a) Delphi group/tool development; (b) tool pilot test; and (c) tool validation/cognitive interviews. RESULTS A total of 23 program deans/directors participated in the tool validation/cognitive interviews. Summarizing accuracy scores of all 15 items, the mean accuracy score was 87.1. There was a high correlation (0.917) between the program's total score and the program director's self-assessed competence of their learners at the time of graduation. CONCLUSIONS The OHCET was validated and can be used in primary care training programs and schools across the country for institutional evaluation and for research purposes. Program directors and deans can also have some confidence that their ability to subjectively assess their learner's oral health knowledge and skills at graduation is accurate.
Diagnosis means and development tendency of power economy grounding grid flaws

In this paper, aiming at the positioning and quantitative evaluation of grounding grid corrosion, fracture and other faults in power system, the evaluation methods of grounding grid defects are summarized and analyzed. The current applied or potential diagnosis methods are divided into two categories, one is non imaging grounding grid state detection method, and the other is imaging grounding grid state detection method. The current status of substation grounding grid defect diagnosis and evaluation methods is discussed. At the same time, the development trend of substation grounding grid condition evaluation method is prospected. It is pointed out that it is of great significance to accurately obtain high-resolution characteristic parameter image reflecting grounding grid fault, and the difficulties to realize high-resolution image reconstruction of grounding grid are proposed. The imaging detection method of grounding grid state is very worthy of study, which will bring a new and effective method for grounding grid state diagnosis.
Historic redlining, structural racism, and firearm violence: A structural equation modeling approach

Abstract Background Firearm homicides disproportionately affect Black communities. Redlining – discriminatory lending practices of the early 20th century - are associated with current increased rates of firearm violence. Poverty and concentrated disadvantage are also associated with firearm violence. The interaction of these factors with racist redlining housing practices remains unclear. Methods We used generalized structural equation modeling to characterize the mediators through which redlining practices of the 1930s led to present rates of firearm violence in Boston using a negative binomial model. Principle component analysis was used to create four distinct mediating variables representing census block socioeconomic and built environment information, while reducing dimensionality. We calculated the direct effect between harmful (Red and Yellow) vs beneficial (Green) designations and firearm incident rate, indirect effect between redlining designation and firearm incident rate through each mediating variable, and the total effect. The percentage mediation of each mediator was subsequently calculated. Findings Red and Yellow areas of Boston were associated with an 11•1 (95% CI 5•5,22•4) and 11•4 (5•7,22•8) increased incident rate of shooting when compared to Green. In the pathway between Red designation and firearm incident rate, poverty and poor educational attainment mediated 20% of the interaction, share of rented housing mediated 8%, and Black share of the population 3%. In the pathway between Yellow designation and firearm incident rate, poverty and poor educational attainment mediated 16% of the association, and Black share of the population mediated 13%. Interpretation Redlining practices of the 1930s potentially contribute to increased rates of firearm violence through changes to neighborhood environments, namely through preclusion from homeownership, poverty, poor educational attainment, and concentration (i.e. segregation) of Black communities. These downstream mediating factors serve as points for policy interventions to address urban firearm violence. Funding Michael Poulson and Miriam Neufeld were supported by T32 Training Grants (HP10028, GM86308).
Non-microsurgical Soft Tissue Coverage of the Mangled Limb

In addition to bony and neurovascular injuries, the mangled extremity often has soft tissue loss that may ultimately require coverage to optimize healing and function. Depending on holistic patient and/or injury factors, free tissue transfer may not always be possible or necessary for wound coverage. Using the principles of the reconstructive ladder, there are several versatile non-microsurgical soft tissue coverage options for the upper extremity that can be employed to protect bony, tendinous, or neurovascular repairs and reconstructions. Various local skin and muscle flaps are described that can provide appropriate coverage, and the decision to utilize these options is based on wound location, size, and need to protect or cover implants or vital structures.
Engineering Context from the Ground Up

We are engineering a system that is designed for a human and a robot to solve problems in a shared space. This system uses context to manage interactions with a human collaborator as well as to manage more mundane aspects of context, such a combining speech and gesture input. Our system is highly modular so as to facilitate good engineering practice. It uses a blackboard type architecture to represent and maintain information of different aspects in the problem-solving process and to maintain context. We give an overview of the current status of our system. We explain the components of our system and provide details of the information produced by the various system components. Additionally, we explain how information is accumulated on the blackboard and discuss and evaluate how various aspects of context are addressed in our system.
An IoT-Based System for Autonomous, Continuous, Real-Time Patient Monitoring and Its Application to Pressure Injury Management

In this paper, we introduce PIMAP, an IoT-based system for continuous, real-time patient monitoring that operates in a fully autonomous fashion, i.e. without the need for human intervention. To our knowledge, PIMAP is the first open system that integrates the basic patient monitoring workflow for continuous and autonomous operation and includes sensed data collection, storage, analysis, and real-time visualization. PIMAP’s open design allows it to integrate a variety of sensors (custom and off-the-shelf), analytics, and visualization. Other novel features of PIMAP include its deployment flexibility, i.e., its ability to be deployed in different configurations depending on the specific application needs, setting, and resources, as well as PIMAP’s self-profiling and self-tuning capabilities. While PIMAP can be applied to various patient monitoring applications and settings, in this paper we focus on the unsolved problem of preventing pressure injuries.
Differential Mueller-matrix formalism for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography

The differential Mueller matrix offers useful insight into the polarization properties of biological tissue imaged with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. We present the theory and experimentally demonstrate local depolarization in addition to local retardation.
Info-Communism? A Critique of the Emerging Discourse on Property Rights in Information

This paper has three goals. The first is to salvage the rationality of the debate over the nature of property institutions in information and communications, by critically examining the metaphors and parallels to old-line communism. The second goal is identify and call attention to a deep-seated tension within the information left that contributes mightily to this framing. In some cases the movement pushes shared or nonexclusive rights on practical, voluntaristic grounds, and presents it to the public as a choice they can exercise freely, based on their own desires or self- interest. In other instances non-exclusivity is urged upon people as an ethical or moral imperative, and considerable effort is expended to use various forms of leverage to push people into that alternative. The information left needs to reflect more deeply on the implications of relying on either type of appeal. In making this argument, the paper notes that the need to motivate and sustain collective action plays an important role in shaping responses to this problem. Ethical and spiritual appeals to communal property provide stronger glue for holding together a social movement. But in this case they are also more prone to legitimate charges that the movement is “communist” and hostile to private property in any form. My third goal is to take sides regarding the dichotomy described above. I will argue that it is impossible for moral/ethical arguments alone to justify either common or private property in all cases and that a free, contractually based economy offers the best hope of finding the right mix. Drawing on property rights theory, I argue that there is an important place for both models (commons and private property) in the present and future economy, and that there is often a dynamic interaction between the two that is superior to any attempt to push the economy into one of the two extremes. The movement should view information commons as a vital and constructive part of a free and open market economy, not as its enemy. As Merges (2004) has argued, contractual arrangements to build commons and nonexclusive access to informational resources can be seen as a rational market response to the legal and political overreaching of rent-seeking copyright and patent holders.
Creative Family Therapy Techniques: Play, Art, and Expressive Activities to Engage Children in Family Sessions, by L. Lowenstein

This large-format softbound book is chock-full of creative techniques described by various experts in their fields. The goal of the book is to provide a rationale for involving children in family s...
Copper Proteins with Type 2 Sites

The copper enzymes covered in this article span a wide range in terms of both their structural and reactivity properties. Yet the copper centers in each share similar coordination geometries and have been designated ‘Type 2 (or II)’ copper proteins. Type 2 copper proteins lack the unique spectroscopic or magnetic signatures that typify the so-called Type 1 and Type 3 copper proteins, and the unique tetranuclear cluster found in nitrous oxide reductase. Indeed, the basis for classifying proteins as Type 2 was that the EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) spectra of the oxidized (resting) forms of these proteins closely resembled the spectra of ‘normal’ tetragonal CuII complexes, with g∥ > g⊥ > 2.00, and A∥ ≥ 120 G at X-band. It was generally surmised that the coordination environments of the copper sites in such enzymes were unexceptional, with five- or six-coordinate structures composed of N, O ligands. As is often the case in science, many fascinating and totally unexpected structural and chemical phenomena turned out to be concealed behind this deceptively ‘normal’ facade. Each of the Type 2 enzymes covered here (superoxide dismutase, amine oxidase, lysyl oxidase, galactose oxidase, dopamine-β-monooxygenase, peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase, and quercetinase) displays unique active-site properties. Elucidating and elaborating structure/function relationships for these enzymes has been greatly aided by the availability of high-resolution crystal structures for one or more enzymes from each group. These have generally corroborated the fairly detailed structural models that were developed from extensive spectroscopic studies. At the same time, the 3D structures have revealed many surprising details of the active sites. Indeed, the roles of copper in these ‘normal’ Type 2 copper centers are more diverse than ever imagined. Keywords: copper; superoxide dismutase; amine oxidase; lysyl oxidase; galactose oxidase; dopamine-β-monooxygenase; peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase; quercetinase; type 2 copper; structure; mechanism
A novel TPA-induced transmembrane protein, TTMP regulates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation through the Rb pathway

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4912 Using Oligonucleotide Microarray, we identified a novel gene that was upregulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in pancreatic cancer cells. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q13.2) with 6 exons. The 2.2 kb full-length mRNA contains a 651 bp open reading frame, encoding for a protein with 217 amino acid residues. Localization of the gene product to the ER membrane was suggested by computer analysis and was confirmed by confocal microscopy, therefore, we named it TPA-induced transmembrane protein (TTMP). For functional studies, the open reading frame of TTMP was cloned into the pcDNA3.1 expression vector fused with a V5 epitope tag. Function and post-translational modification of TTMP was characterized following transfecting the expression vector into human pancreatic cancer cells. This revealed that TTMP (1) Is heavily N-glycosylated in its N-terminal region; (2) Forced expression inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro ; (3) Induces growth inhibition in 3-D collagen I gels; (4) Forced expression arrests pancreatic cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle; (5) Forced expression induces a hypo-phosphorylation of Rb protein, concomitant with growth inhibition, suggesting that TTMP mediates cell cycle arrest through the Rb pathway. To further investigate the role of endogenous TTMP on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, we used a small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplex targeting to TTMP to knock down the basal expression of TTMP in pancreatic cancer cells. Knockdown of TTMP enhanced proliferation of these pancreatic cancer cells. In summary, we have identified a novel gene that encodes for a protein that inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms for TTMP-mediated growth inhibition.
The first turbulence and first fossil turbulence

A model is proposed connecting turbulence, fossil turbulence and the big-bang origin of the universe. While details are incomplete, the model is consistent with our knowledge of these processes and is supported by observations. Turbulence arises in a hot big-bang quantum gravitational dynamics scenario at Planck scales. Chaotic, eddy-like motions produce an exothermic Planck particle cascade from 10−35 m at 1032 K to 108 larger, 104 cooler, quark-gluon scales. A Planck-Kerr instability gives high Reynolds number (Re ∼ 106) turbulent combustion, space-time-energy-entropy and turbulent mixing. Batchelor-Obukhov-Corrsin turbulent-temperature fluctuations are preserved as the first fossil turbulence by inflation stretching the patterns beyond the horizon ct of causal connection faster than light speed c in time t∼ 10−33 sec. Fossil big-bang temperature turbulence reenters the horizon and imprints nucleosynthesis of H-He densities that seed fragmentation by gravity at 1012 s in the low Reynolds number plasma before its transition to gas at t∼ 1013 s and T∼ 3000 K. Multiscaling coefficients of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies closely match those for high Reynolds number turbulence, Bershadskii, A. and Sreenivasan, K.R., Phys. Lett. A 299 (2002) 149-152; Bershadskii, A. and Sreenivasan, K.R., Phys. Lett. A 319 (2003) 21-23. CMB spectra support the interpretation that big-bang turbulence fossils triggered fragmentation of the viscous plasma at supercluster to galaxy mass scales from 1046 to 1042 kg, Gibson, C.H., Appl. Mech. Rev. 49 (5) (1996) 299-315; Gibson, C.H., J. Fluids Eng. 122 (2000) 830-835; Gibson, C.H., Combust. Sci. Technol. (2004, to be published).
Reversion of Frameshift Mutations Stimulated by Lesions in Early Function Genes of Bacteriophage T4

Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants representative of a number of genes of phage T4 were crossed with rII mutants to allow isolation of ts, rII double-mutant recombinants. The rII mutations used were characterized as frameshift mutations primarily on the basis of their revertability by proflavine. For each ts, rII double mutant, the effect of the ts mutation on spontaneous reversion of the rII mutation was determined over a range of incubation temperatures. A strong enhancement in reversion of two different rII mutants was detected when they were combined with tsL56, a mutation in gene 43 [deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase]. Three other mutants defective in gene 43 enhanced reversion about fourfold. Two mutations in gene 32, which specifies a protein necessary for DNA replication, enhanced reversion about 5-fold and 18-fold, respectively. Two additional mutations in gene 43 and two in gene 32 had no effect. Fivefold and threefold enhancements in reversion were also found with mutations in genes 44 (DNA synthesis) and 47 (deoxyribonuclease), respectively. No significant effect was found with mutations in seven additional genes. The results of other workers suggest that frameshift mutations arise from errors in strand alignment during repair synthesis occurring at chromosome tips. Our results show that such errors can be enhanced by mutations in the DNA polymerase, the gene 32 protein, and the enzymes specified by genes 44 and 47. This implies that these proteins are employed in the repair process occurring at chromosome tips and that mutational errors in these proteins can lead to loss of ability to recognize and reject strand misalignments.
Performance of fast frequency-hopped MFSK receivers with linear combining in a Rician fading channel with partial-band interference

An error probability analysis is performed for a conventional M-ary orthogonal frequency-shift keying (MFSK) noncoherent receiver employing fast frequency-hopped spread-spectrum waveforms transmitted over a Rician fading channel with partial-band interference. The partial-band interference is modeled as a Gaussian process. As might be expected, higher modulation orders and greater diversity improve overall system performance when only wideband interference is encountered. However, the performance of the conventional receiver is found to be significantly degraded by worst-case partial-band interference regardless of the modulation order or number of hops per data symbol used for all channel conditions. >
Parenting Programs for Incarcerated Parents Current Research and Future Directions

Increases in the number of incarcerated parents have led to the implementation of parent training programs in prisons. Although many programs exist, programs differ in their design and methods of s...
A method for calculating the ratio of each possible type of triglyceride in natural fat

A generalized method for calculating the weight ratios or mole fractions of triglycerides in natural fat is developed by applying Vander Wal’s method for calculating the mole fractions. In the proposed method a generating function is introduced to calculate the mole fractions of triglycerides.
On covering properties of subspaces of R.H. Bing's example G

Abstract Let F be the space in Bing's example G. It is shown that any subspace of F which is para-Lindelof, screenable, or collectionwise Hausdorff is also hereditarily hypocompact. Other theorems on the relations between covering properties in subspaces of F are also presented. Mesocompactness, meso-Lindelofness, metacompactness, meta-Lindelofness, subparacompactness, θ-refinability, δθ-refinability, and preparacompactness are investigated in several subspaces of F. The subspaces presented by Michael, Hodel and Burke are described as well as several additional subspaces which have not been previously investigated.
Gastric modulation of gustatory afferent activity.

Abstract The neural activity evoked by stimulation of the rat's tongue with NaCl, sucrose, HCl, and QHCl was recorded from 25 small populations of second-order gustatory neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract, both before and after gastric loading. A slowly developing (several minutes) load-induced depression in the response evoked by the taste solutions was noted, with no significant differences seen between loading with air or 0.3 M NaCl. Differences were evident in the magnitude of the decrement for the various stimuli; the order of decrement was sucrose > NaCl > HCl; the response to QHCl showed no clear decrement. The effect of gastric loading, as tested with air loads, is reversible. The magnitude of the load effect was seen to be less with greater levels of food deprivation. The results of this study therefore, demonstrate the existence of gastric effects on the reactivity of second-order gustatory afferents to chemical stimulation of the rat's tongue.
ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES OF THE B6 IV STAR XI OCTANTIS

An elemental abundance study used AAT echelle spectrograms of the ultrasharp-lined, superficially normal B6 IV star Xi Octantis. The derived abundances fall within the trends of values derived for normal B main-sequence band stars. On average, they are 0.28 dex less than solar.
Interactions of diol dehydrase and 3',4'-anhydroadenosylcobalamin: suicide inactivation by electron transfer.

3',4'-Anhydroadenosylcobalamin (anAdoCbl) is an analogue of the adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) coenzyme (Magnusson, O.Th., and Frey, P. A. (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 8807-8813). This compound supports activity for diol dehydrase at 0.02% of that observed with AdoCbl. In a side reaction, however, anAdoCbl induces suicide inactivation by an electron-transfer mechanism. Homolytic cleavage of the Co-C bond of anAdoCbl at the active site of diol dehydrase was observed by spectrophotometric detection of cob(II)alamin. Anaerobic conversion of enzyme bound cob(II)alamin to cob(III)alamin, both in the absence and presence of substrate, indicates that the coenzyme derived 5'-deoxy-3',4'-anhydroadenosine-5'-yl serves as the oxidizing agent. This hypothesis is supported by the stoichiometric formation of 3',5'-dideoxyadenosine-4',5'-ene as the nucleoside cleavage product, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Experiments performed in deuterium oxide show that a single solvent exchangeable proton is incorporated into the product. These data are consistent with the intermediate formation of a transient allylic anion formed after one electron transfer from cob(II)alamin to the allylic 5'-deoxy-3',4'-anhydroadenosyl radical. Selective protonation at C3' was demonstrated by spectroscopic characterization of the purified product. This study provides an example of suicide inactivation of a radical enzyme brought about by a side reaction of an analogue of the radical intermediate.
Characteristics of Photonic Crystal Cavity Based Infrared Photodetectors

Theoretical and experimental research results on the characteristics of photonic crystal quantum dot infrared photodetectors are presented. The surface normal absorption power in a single defect photonic crystal cavity for different absorption values and the absorption enhancement factor for different absorption values in single defect and defect free cavities are investigated. Current-voltage characteristics at different temperatures and the spectral responses of the devices with and without photonic crystal cavities are measured.
Predictors of depressive mood in mothers of clinic-referred children.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine the correlates/predictors of depressive mood in mothers of young clinic-referred noncompliant children. Based on prior research, behaviors/events from three areas were investigated: individual (personal), spouse and child. Furthermore, positive and negative behaviors/events from each area were examined. Using a single-S methodology with replication, 9 mothers served as Ss. Data were collected across 30 days for participants and, subsequently, each mother's data were analyzed by correlational and multiple-regression techniques. Contrary to expectation, maternal individual events/behaviors served as the best predictors of depressive mood. Behaviors/events from each of the three areas (individual, spouse, child) entered into at least two multiple-regression equations, suggesting the importance of each area for at least some mothers. Finally, negative behaviors/events were better predictors of daily depressive mood than were positive behavior/events.
Structural Effects on the Barrier Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers Formed from Long-Chain ω-Alkoxy-n-alkanethiols on Copper

The adsorption of long-chain ω-alkoxy-n-alkanethiols [CH3(CH2)p-1O(CH2)mSH; m = 11, 19, 22; p = 18, 22] onto copper produces self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) that can provide protection against corrosion of the underlying metal substrate. The resulting films are 40−60 A in thickness and are isostructural with SAMs formed on copper from unsubstituted n-alkanethiols. As evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the barrier properties of these ether-containing SAMs depend on the chain length of the adsorbate and the position of the ethereal unit along the hydrocarbon chain. For SAMs where the ether substitution is farther from the copper surface, the initial coating resistances are similar to those projected for unsubstituted n-alkanethiolate SAMs of similar thickness. For SAMs where the ether substitution is nearer to the copper surface (m = 11), the resistances are significantly less than those for unsubstituted n-alkanethiolate SAMs of similar thickness, reflecting the effect of the molec...
Functional difficulties and school limitations of children with epilepsy: findings from the 2009-2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs.

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a common serious neurologic disorder in children. However, most studies of children's functional difficulties and school limitations have used samples from tertiary care or other clinical settings. Objective To compare functional difficulties and school limitations of a national sample of US children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with and without epilepsy. Methods Data from the 2009–2010 National Survey of CSHCN for 31,897 children aged 6–17 years with and without epilepsy were analyzed for CSHCN in two groups: 1) CSHCN with selected comorbid conditions (intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, autism, or traumatic brain injury) and 2) CSHCN without these conditions. Functional difficulties and school limitations, adjusted for the effect of sociodemographic characteristics, were examined by epilepsy and comorbid conditions. Results Three percent of CSHCN had epilepsy. Among CSHCN with epilepsy 53% had comorbid conditions. Overall CSHCN with epilepsy, both with and without comorbid conditions, had more functional difficulties than CSHCN without epilepsy. For example, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics a higher percentage of children with epilepsy, compared to children without epilepsy, had difficulty with communication (with conditions: 53% vs. 37%, without conditions: 13% vs. 5%). Results for school limitations were similar. After adjustment, a higher percentage of children with epilepsy, compared to children without epilepsy, missed 11 + school days in the past year (with conditions: 36% vs. 18%, without conditions: 21% vs. 15%). Conclusion CSHCN with epilepsy, compared to CSHCN without epilepsy, were more likely to have functional difficulties and limitations in school attendance regardless of comorbid conditions.
Continuous subcutaneous infusion of follicle stimulating hormone as a method of superovulating dairy cows

Abstract Twenty-eight Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two treatments. Group I received 50 mg of follicle stimulating hormone-pituitary (FSH-P) intramuscularly (i.m.) in declining doses in 5 d. Group II received 49 mg of FSH-P in 7 d via constant-infusion, subcutaneously (s.c.) implanted osmotic pumps. Cows received 25 mg prostaglandin F 2α 48 h after initiation of treatment and were inseminated at estrus. Intramuscular injections resulted in higher numbers of corpora lutea (CL) and embryos than the s.c. infusion. These differences were largely attributed to differences in the doses of FSH-P administered in the two groups. It was concluded that continuously infusing FSH-P s.c. via osmotic pumps can be used as a method of superovulating dairy cows.
Imaging pH using the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI: Correction of concomitant RF irradiation effects to quantify CEST MRI for chemical exchange rate and pH

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI has been shown capable of detecting dilute labile protons and abnormal tissue glucose/oxygen metabolism, and thus, may serve as a complementary imaging technique to the conventional MRI methods. CEST imaging, however, is also dependent on experimental parameters such as the power, duration, and waveform of the irradiation RF pulse. As a result, its sensitivity and specificity for microenvironment properties such as pH is not optimal. In this study, the dependence of CEST contrast on experimental parameters was solved and an iterative compensation algorithm was proposed that corrects the experimentally measured CEST contrast from the concomitant RF irradiation effects. The proposed algorithm was verified with both numerical simulation and experimental measurements from a tissue-like pH phantom, and showed that pH derived from the compensated CEST imaging agrees reasonably well with pH-electrode measurements within 0.1 pH unit. In sum, our study validates the use of a correction algorithm to compensate CEST imaging from concomitant RF irradiation effects for accurate calibration of the chemical exchange rate, and demonstrates the feasibility of pH imaging with CEST MRI.
FOLEY BALLOON RUPTURE CAUSED BY PETROLATUM OINTMENT

Abstract Petrolatum-based ointments may rupture latex Foley catheter balloons. Because of the possible consequences of balloon rupture the authors believe this should be reemphasized.
A marked end

microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs from plants are 2′-O-methylated at their 3′ termini. Although miRNAs from animals are not methylated, two studies show that the recently identified mammalian Piwi-interacting RNAs carry a 2′-O-methyl group on the 3′ terminal ribose.
Volatile compounds in heated oleic acid-esterified propoxylated glycerol

Static headspace and capillary gas chromatography, in combination with infrared and mass spectrometry, were used to collect, separate, identify, and quantitate the oxidative and thermal decomposition products in two heated model compound triacylglycerols, oleic acid-esterified propoxylated glycerol (EPG-08 oleate) and triolein. The EPG-08 oleate and triolein were each heated in a deep-fat fryer at 192±8°C for 12 h each day until the oil contained ≥20% polymeric material. Most of the volatile compounds identified in heated triolein and EPG-08 oleate were associated with the oxidative and thermal decomposition of oleates, such as short-chain alkanes, aldehydes, and alcohols. The major volatile compounds (concentration >20 ppm) in heated EPG-08 oleate and triolein were heptane, octane, heptanal, octanal, trans-2-decenal, nonanal, and trans-2-undecenal. However, a few minor volatile compounds, not previously found in heated fats and oils, were identified in the heated EPG-08 oleate samples. These compounds included 1,2-propanediol, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone (hydroxyacetone), 1-acetoxy-2-propanone (acetoxyacetone), 2-ethyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-heptyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, and 4-methyl-2-octyl-1,3-dioxolane. Alkyl-substituted dioxolanes have been found in heated methyl linoleate.
Simple low-loss technique for frequency-locking lasers

We report the results of a novel method for frequency stabilizing laser diodes based on the resonant Faraday effects. A Faraday cell with crossed Brewster windows comprises the intracavity frequency selective element. In this arrangement a laser pull-in range of 4A was measured and the laser operated at a single frequency with a linewidth less than 6 Mhz.
Interaction and the living body

Abstract Following Goffman (1963) , research on embodied interaction in the tradition of conversation analysis has largely approached embodiment as visual conduct. This paper addresses aspects of embodiment, surfacing in interaction episodes in an auto-shop, that resist such an approach, including embodied knowledge and kinesthetic experience, and discusses a variety of approaches that offer alternative views of the human body. These include phenomenology, Philosophical Anthropology, and neuroscience, among others. The question is raised how a rigorous, observational methodology of interaction analysis can be married to a holistic conception of the human body.
Costs and Utilization of Labor at Four Egg Grading Stations in Michigan

Abstract THIS paper gives the results of a time study analyzing the various labor operations performed at four Federal-State egg grading stations in Michigan. Similar work was reported for Ohio by Clayton and Cray (1950). The actual “timing” was done by a trained observer. These stations can generally be classified as small volume operations in that they handled only 200 to 300 cases per week. A study of the efficiency of utilizing labor at these small stations is important in Michigan because most of the stations in the state fall into this volume classification. By selecting small stations it was also possible to observe and obtain time data simultaneously on all of the workers that were engaged in the egg grading operation. Observations were made during the months of March, April, May, June, July, August, September, and December of 1950 and January and March of 1951. This arrangement meant that each . . .
Advances in the metallacarborane chemistry of f-block elements

The role of carborane clusters in organometallic chemistry is diverse. A number of carborane cage systems such as C2B4, C2B9 and C2B10 clusters have been extensively used for the synthesis of numerous metallacarboranes of s, p, d and f-block elements. An introduction to the chemistry of metallacarboranes is provided with an emphasis on the recent advances on the metallacarboranes of f-block elements.
Hydrogen Sulfide Is an Endogenous Potentiator of T Cell Activation

H2S is an endogenous signaling molecule that may act via protein sulfhydrylation to regulate various physiological functions. H2S is also a byproduct of dietary sulfate metabolism by gut bacteria. Inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis are associated with an increase in the colonization of the intestine by sulfate reducing bacteria along with an increase in H2S production. Consistent with its increased production, H2S is implicated as a mediator of ulcerative colitis both in its genesis or maintenance. As T cells are well established mediators of inflammatory bowel disease, we investigated the effect of H2S exposure on T cell activation. Using primary mouse T lymphocytes (CD3+), OT-II CD4+ T cells, and the human Jurkat T cell line, we show that physiological levels of H2S potentiate TCR-induced activation. Nanomolar levels of H2S (50–500 nm) enhance T cell activation assessed by CD69 expression, interleukin-2 expression, and CD25 levels. Exposure of T cells to H2S dose-dependently enhances TCR-stimulated proliferation with a maximum at 300 nm (30% increase, p < 0.01). Furthermore, activation increases the capacity of T cells to make H2S via increased expression of cystathionine γ-lyase and cystathionine β-synthase. Disrupting this response by silencing these H2S producing enzymes impairs T cell activation, and proliferation and can be rescued by the addition of 300 nm H2S. Thus, H2S represents a novel autocrine immunomodulatory molecule in T cells.
A developmental study of children's preferences for paintings

Abstract In order to study the influence of style and subject matter on the development of children's art preferences, 60 randomly selected subjects from three grade levels, with an equal number of males and females, were shown ten color slides of paintings representing five categories of subject matter and two broad categories of style. Results indicated that style was the dominant variable at each grade level, and consistently accounted for more of the overall variance than subject matter. Unexpectedly, no appreciable developmental differences were evident in preference judgments across grade levels observed in this study.
The Controlled Growth of GaN Nanowires

This paper reports a scalable process for the growth of high-quality GaN nanowires and uniform nanowire arrays in which the position and diameter of each nanowire is precisely controlled. The approach is based on conventional metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using regular precursors and requires no additional metal catalyst. The location, orientation, and diameter of each GaN nanowire are controlled using a thin, selective growth mask that is patterned by interferometric lithography. It was found that use of a pulsed MOCVD process allowed the nanowire diameter to remain constant after the nanowires had emerged from the selective growth mask. Vertical GaN nanowire growth rates in excess of 2 μm/h were measured, while remarkably the diameter of each nanowire remained constant over the entire (micrometer) length of the nanowires. The paper reports transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence data.
Synthetic Studies Toward Bryostatin 1: Preparation of a C1-C16 Fragment by Pyran Annulation

Abstract An expeditious assembly of a C 1 –C 16 subunit of bryostatin 1 is described. A pyran annulation reaction was utilized to form the B-ring by reaction of a hydroxy-allylsilane with a fully elaborated A-ring subunit. This annulation process proceeded with complete diastereoselectivity and in excellent isolated yield despite the presence of potentially sensitive functionality in the A-ring segment.
Effects of choice task on attribute memory

Abstract Winnowing process models of multiattribute choice in which alternatives are successively eliminated in stages based on partial information predict differential memory for minor attributes as a function of an alternative's relative desirability. This prediction, which differs from the results of judgment studies finding little or no relationship between evaluation and memory, was tested in two experiments in which the choice task (Choose 1 vs Choose 3) and the density of the option set were varied. Better memory for minor attributes of relatively desirable alternatives was observed for those conditions requiring the more difficult decisions, namely the Choose 1 task with a dense set of good alternatives. A third experiment replicated these results and demonstrated that the minor attributes did influence choice. The results of all three experiments are generally consistent with winnowing models. However, detailed analysis of the memory data revealed that only attributes of the chosen alternative were remembered better; this is not entirely consistent with those models. Implications of these results for models of memory and choice are discussed.
Are there more tricks in the bag for treating thrombocytopenia

It was only 100 years ago that James Wright reported that his modification of the Romanowsky stain could unequivocally identify platelets on a peripheral blood smear (1). Applying his new stain and careful observations to bone marrow specimens, in 1910 Wright proposed that “the blood platelets are detached portions or fragments of the cytoplasm of the megakaryocytes, which are in such relation to the blood channels in the marrow that detached portions of their cytoplasm are quickly carried by the blood current into the circulation. The breaking up of the cytoplasm into the platelets occurs only in cells which have reached a certain stage of growth and development, and is probably rapidly completed when once begun. It takes place in various ways but usually by the pinching off of small rounded projections or pseudopods from the cell body or from larger pseudopods, or by the segmentation of slender pseudopods, or by the pinching off of longer or shorter pseudopods which may or may not undergo segmentation later” (2). Data accumulated over the past 10 years strongly suggest that platelets emerge from the tips of “proplatelets,” the long cytoplasmic extensions generated by large, mature, polyploid megakaryocytes (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Proplatelet extensions are produced by anti-parallel microtubule sliding powered by dynein motors, and repeated branching increases the number of platelet-releasing ends (3). Platelet granules and organelles are manufactured in the megakaryocyte cell body, transported down the extensions by kinesin motors, and then packaged into budding platelets (3). The proplatelet ends uniquely contain a marginal microtubule coil similar to that seen in mature platelets, supporting the idea that platelets are released from proplatelet tips and helping explain the biological utility of extensive proplatelet branching. Recent data suggest that individual platelets may retain the ability to “divide” in circulation through mechanisms similar to those involved in proplatelet formation (4). Figure 1 Megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production.
ELASTIC WAVE PROPAGATION IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL PERIODIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS

An elastodynamic theory, based on the concepts of Brillouin theory has been developed for elastic wave propagation in periodic composite materials.
Nanometre-level analysis demonstrates that lipid flow does not drive membrane glycoprotein movements

Nanometre-level analyses of the movements of membrane glycoproteins tagged with gold particles demonstrate that diffusing particles are not under the influence of a lipid flow, although a subset of particles which appear attached to the cytoskeleton are moving rearward.
The Tensilon Test: A Safe Office Procedure

Abstract Myasthenia gravis is now known to be an autoimmune disorder in which damage of acetylcholine receptors takes place at the post-synaptic membrane. This new knowledge has improved therapy and placed a premium on early diagnosis. To overcome ophthalmologic reluctance to perform Tensilon testing, side effects of Tensilon are reviewed and a survey of the frequency of these side effects is reported.
Opal phytoliths as an indicator of the floristics of prehistoric grasslands

Abstract A strong relationship between current vegetation and the opal phytolith content of surface soil was established. Opal phytoliths obtained from buried soil surface horizons 200–800 years old were then used to establish a profile of the vegetation present on four sites within Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, USA, prior to European settlement. The plant communities so reconstructed contained more forbs and/or shrubs than present-day communities and were dominated by cool-season rather than warm-season grasses. Although these differences could be due to climate change, the pattern of change from cool-season to warm-season grasses is not consistent with the accepted pattern of climate change. Grazing pressure could account for this change in plant community composition. Livestock tend to graze Capitol Reef in the cool season, and the area is rested from grazing during the warm season. This pattern could account for the decline in cool-season grasses. Phytolith analyses can serve as an alternative method for assessing the impact of management on grasslands. This method is particularly valuable when no comparable “undisturbed” control area exists.