cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Further testing of the Integrated Hydrology Model (InHM): event-based simulations for a small rangeland catchment located near Chickasha, Oklahoma

In the paper that is the foundation for this study, VanderKwaak and Loague (2001. Water Resources Research37: 999–1013) reported a demonstration of a fully coupled comprehensive physics-based hydrologic-response model, InHM (Integrated Hydrology Model), for two rainfall-runoff events from the small rangeland catchment known as R-5. The InHM simulations reported herein address (in three phases) limitations in the VanderKwaak and Loague (2001. Water Resources Research37: 999–1013) simulations. In Phase I, a new finite-element mesh was selected to represent R-5. In Phase II, with the new mesh in place, evaporation was considered for the R-5 events. In Phase III, with the new mesh in place and evaporation considered, the geology of R-5 was approximated. Each phase, compared with the results reported by VanderKwaak and Loague (2001. Water Resources Research37: 999–1013), shows a change in the simulated near-surface response. The performance of InHM for 15 R-5 events is also reported herein. The results from two stages of model calibration are presented. The uncertainty in initial soil-water content estimates for event-based simulation is shown to be a major limitation for physics-based models. The performance of InHM, relative to past event-based simulation efforts with a quasi-physically based rainfall-runoff model, is better for both peak stormflow and the time to peak stormflow, but worse for stormflow depth. The InHM simulations reported here set the stage for continuous simulation of near-surface response for the R-5 catchment with InHM. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short communication: Effects of molasses products on productivity and milk fatty acid profile of cows fed diets high in dried distillers grains with solubles1

Previous research has shown that replacing up to 5% [of dietary dry matter (DM)] corn with cane molasses can partially alleviate milk fat depression when cows are fed high-concentrate, low-fiber rations containing dried distillers grains with solubles. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether dietary molasses alters milk fatty acid (FA) profile or improves solids-corrected milk yield in the context of a more typical lactation diet. A secondary objective was to assess production responses to increasing rumen-degradable protein supply when molasses was fed. Twelve primiparous and 28 multiparous Holstein cows (196 ± 39 d in milk) were blocked by parity and assigned to 4 pens. Pens were randomly allocated to treatment sequence in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, balanced for carryover effects. Treatment periods were 21 d, with 17 d for diet adaptation and 4 d for sample and data collection. Treatments were a control diet, providing 20% dried distillers grains with solubles (DM basis), 35% neutral detergent fiber, 30% starch, and 5% ether extract; a diet with 4.4% cane molasses replacing a portion of the corn grain; a diet with 2.9% molasses supplement containing 32% crude protein on a DM basis; and a diet with 5.8% (DM basis) molasses supplement. Animallevel data were analyzed using mixed models, including the fixed effect of treatment and the random effects of period, pen, period × pen interaction, and cow within pen to recognize pen as the experimental unit. Diets did not alter DM intake, milk production, milk component concentration or yield, feed efficiency (DM intake/milk yield), body weight change, or milk somatic cell count. Milk stearic acid content was increased by the diet containing 5.8% molasses supplement compared with the control diet and the diet containing 2.9% molasses supplement, but the magnitude of the effect was small (12.27, 11.75, and 11.69 ± 0.29 g/100 g of FA). Production data revealed a dramatic effect of period on milk fat content and yield. Milk fat content decreased during the course of the experiment (least squares means = 3.16, 2.81, 2.93, and 2.64 ± 0.09% for periods 1 to 4, respectively), as did milk fat yield (1.20, 1.03, 0.98, and 0.79 ± 0.05 kg/d). Exchanging molasses-based products for corn at 2.9 to 5.8% of dietary DM did not influence productivity and had minute effects on milk FA profile. The limited responses in this study may have been influenced by dietary unsaturated FA content or the advancing stage of lactation of cows in the study.
S ORIONIS 70: JUST A FOREGROUND FIELD BROWN DWARF?

We examine recent claims that the T-type brown dwarf S Ori 053810.1� 203626 (S Ori 70) is a spectro- scopically verified low-mass (3 þ5 � 1 MJup )m ember of the 1-8 MyrOrionis cluster. Comparative arguments by Martin & Zapatero Osorio asserting that S Ori 70 exhibits low surface gravity spectral features indicative of youth and low mass are invalidated by the fact that their comparison object was not the field T dwarf 2MASS 0559� 1404, but rather a nearby background star. Instead, we find that the 1-2.5 � m spectra of S Ori 70 are well matched to older (agefew Gyr) field T6-T7 dwarfs. Moreover, we find that spectral model fits to late- type field T dwarf spectra tend to yield low surface gravities (log g ¼ 3:0 3:5), and thus young ages (P 5M yr) and low masses (P3 MJup), inconsistent with expected and/or empirical values. Finally, we show that the identification of one T dwarf in the field imaged by Zapatero Osorio et al. is statistically consistent with the expected foreground contamination. Based on the reexamined evidence, we conclude that S Ori 70 may simply be an old, massive (30-60 MJup) field brown dwarf lying in the foreground of theOrionis cluster. This interpretation should be considered before presuming the existence of so-called ''cluster planets.'' Subject headings: open clusters and associations: individual (� Orionis) — planetary systems: formation — stars: formation — stars: individual (S Orionis 70) — stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs — techniques: spectroscopic
Identifiability of hybrid system models

Parameter estimation is an important tool in system modelling. However parameter estimation is difficult in many real-world application where continuous nonlinear dynamics interact with discrete-event dynamics. Nonlinear least-squares algorithms have been successfully applied. The paper establishes a connection between parameter identifiability and ill-conditioning of the least-squares algorithms. It is shown that a set of parameters is only identifiable if the trajectory sensitivities corresponding to those parameters are linearly independent. The importance of an appropriate choice of measurements is established.
Comparing the Self-Concept of Students With and Without Learning Disabilities

This study compared self-concept in 50 middle school children with learning disabilities (LD) and 70 of their peers without LD. The students, primarily Hispanic, completed the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, and each obtained a score in six subdomains. Differences were found between the groups on the Intellectual and School Status and Behavior subscales, with students without LD scoring higher on both scales. There was no difference between groups on global self-concept. The limitations of this study are identified, and directions for future research are provided.
Slip velocity and lift

equilibrium position with a unique, slightly positive equilibrium angular slip velocity. The angular slip velocity discrepancy defined as the difference between the angular slip velocity of a migrating particle and the angular slip velocity at its equilibrium position is positive below the position of equilibrium and negative above it. This discrepancy is the quantity that changes sign above and below the equilibrium position for neutrally buoyant particles, and also above and below the lower equilibrium position for heavy particles. The existence and properties of unstable positions of equilibrium due to newly identified turning point transitions and those near the centreline are discussed. The long particle model of Choi & Joseph (2001) that gives rise to an explicit formula for the particle velocity and the velocity profile across the channel through the centreline of the particle is modified to include the effect of the rotation of the particle. In view of the simplicity of the model, the explicit formula for Up and the velocity profile are in surprisingly good agreement with simulation values. The value of the Poiseuille flow velocity at the point at the particle's centre when the particle is absent is always larger than the particle velocity; the slip velocity is positive at steady flow.
Understanding Social Workers' Sense of Competence Within the Context of Organizational Change

ABSTRACT As large health care systems rapidly evolve, social work administrators struggle to help practioners maintain a sense of competence during a state of flux and uncertainty. Using a sample of social workers (N = 135) from seven Veteran Hospitals and one state hospital, the present study investigated the relationship of job and workers characteristics, change schema, and organizational change to workers' perceived competence. Workers with more practice experience, fewer distacting outside responisibilities, and higher levels of job satisfaction had a higher sense of competence. Positive change schema and positive perceptions of organizational climate were also significant predictors of competence. Organizational climate had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between social workers' change schema and their sense of competence. The findings have implications for social services administrators who are seeking to promote competence among practioners within the context of organizational change.
Development of a Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hand and Wrist After Cardiac Transplantation

Described are the findings in a 57-year-old man who developed a large carcinoma 2 years after heart transplantation. Mental anxiety or depression may have contributed to a delay in seeking medical care. The result was amputation of the right arm below the elbow.
Distance therapy to improve symptoms and quality of life: complementing office-based care with telehealth.

AbstractTwo randomized trials exemplify strategies for administering behavioral interventions through distance therapy–the use of telemedicine or e-health approaches to treating patients outside the conventional in-person office-based visit. In the first trial, telephone-based coping skills training
Aversion of conspecific odor of frustrative nonreward in rats

Laboratory rats avoided the arm of a T-maze in which other rats had previously experienced frustrative nonreward, i.e., nonreward in the presence of cues associated with reward, thus supporting the proposition that frustrated rats excrete an odor mildly aversive to conspecifics. They displayed indifference toward arms in which rats had been rewarded or merely placed without treatment.
Molecular diagnosis of infectious diseases.

uring the past 10 to 15 years, we have seen expansive growth of the use of molecular technology in the clinical laboratory for diagnosing infectious diseases. As a result, many laboratories are able to offer more sensitive testing, faster turnaround times, and ultimately improved patient care. The gold standard in bacteriology largely remains culture, primarily due to cost accounting and the potential complex nature of associated infections (ie, urine, wound, and respiratory cultures). However, in circumstances in which there may be minute quantities of a specific pathogen present, the patient may have received antibiotics prior to specimen collection, or the etiologic agent may require unusual culture conditions, molecular detection offers a great advantage to culture techniques. In many virology laboratories, molecular detection has supplanted cell culture techniques for the identification of several viral pathogens and in many cases has become the new gold standard. Though molecular techniques can offer an abundance of added benefits when used to augment current gold standards such as culture and/or serology, the optimal use of molecular methodologies in microbiology resides with specimens in which a limited number of pathogenic organisms are sought and in cases where the enhanced sensitivity and faster turnaround time of molecular methods far outweighs the increased cost. Applications in Bacteriology A classic example of successful nucleic acid amplification (NAA) testing in microbiology is the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) from vaginal, cervical, urethral, and first-void urine specimens. Sexually transmitted infections such as those caused by CT and NG can be rapidly and accurately identified using NAA, thus improving treatment and transmission prevention. Implementation of routine screening for CT has lowered the prevalence rates of CT and associated pelvic inflammatory disease. 1 The increased sensitivity offered by NAA detection of CT and NG is important not only for the diagnosis of symptomatic patients, but also for the asymptomatic individuals that account for more than 70% of positive cases. Until implementation of NAA testing for CT and NG, culture was the gold standard, although it has subsequently been shown to have only 60% to 75% sensitivity compared to NAA. 2 A further disadvantage of culture is that organism viability must be preserved during transport. The implementation of routine confirmatory testing should be considered when using NAA for a low prevalence population that results in a positive predictive value below 90%. 2 Another prime example of NAA results positively impacting patient care is the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis. Using
Distance between honey bee Apis mellifera colonies regulates populations of Varroa destructor at a landscape scale

Inter-colony distance of Apis mellifera significantly affects colony numbers of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor. We set up 15 apiaries, each consisting of two colonies. Each apiary pair was assigned an inter-colony distance of 0, 10, or 100 m. Colonies were rendered nearly mite-free, then one colony in each pair was seeded with 300 female mites (mite-donor colony), while the other remained uninoculated (mite-recipient colony). After 4 months of monitoring, a whole-model analysis showed that apiaries in which colonies were spaced 100 m apart contained lower average mite numbers than 0 or 10 m apiaries. There were interactions among colony type, distance, and sampling date; however, when there were significant differences, mite numbers were always lower in 100 m apiaries than 10 m apiaries. These findings pose the possibility that Varroa populations are resource regulated at a landscape scale: near-neighbor colonies constitute reproductive resource for mites in the form of additional bee brood.
Using the Testlet Response Model as a Shortcut to Multidimensional Item Response Theory Subscore Computation

In the past decade, computational advances have made application of multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) models a somewhat practical endeavor. Within the context of “diagnostic assessment,” MIRT provides a way to compute subscores on a test as estimates of the latent variables, and its use for that purpose has been proposed. However, the model dimensionality desired for subscores may be too high for straightforward MIRT computation, even with contemporary algorithms and computers. The fact that the testlet response model (TRM) is a computationally convenient reparameterization of a higher-order factor model can be used as the basis of a “shortcut” to MIRT subscore estimation in some cases: Because the TRM is a constrained bifactor model, its item parameters can be estimated using two-dimensional numerical integration, regardless of the total dimensionality of the complete model. After those item parameters are estimated, they can be converted to become the parameters of the corresponding higher-order factor model, and that model can, in turn, be used to compute MIRT subscores. This presentation illustrates the process.
Temperature effects on luminescence centers in natural type IIb diamonds

Abstract Blue diamonds are among the rarest and most valuable of naturally occurring gemstones. In this study, 12 rough naturally-sourced type IIb diamonds were subjected to HPHT annealing, three different irradiation energies, and then all were stepwise annealed from 200 °C to 1100 °C and the optical defects were documented by changes in phosphorescence and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Several optical features that are removed from natural type IIb diamonds by HPHT processing, such as 3H, 648.2 nm peak, 776.4 nm peak, and 660 nm band (red) phosphorescence, can be reintroduced into these diamonds with subsequent electron irradiation and annealing at low-to-moderate temperatures. The thermal stability of these centers along with their spatial distribution provided additional insights into their configuration and distinguished them from nitrogen-bearing diamonds.
Nietzsche’s Ways of Life

Standing in sharp contrast to Kierkegaard’s ideal life of faith is Nietzsche’s ideal life of individual sovereignty. So sharp is this contrast that some scholarly comparisons of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche have argued that the similarities between them should be regarded as superficial.1 They argue that Kierkegaard and Nietzsche are so fundamentally different that there can be no useful comparison or dialogue between them. But as I show in this chapter, this sharp contrast in their ideal ways of life points to a deeper, more fundamental parallel between Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, namely, that they are each centrally concerned with the question of what life is best. It is only because they are asking the same question that their answers can stand in such sharp contrast. They each offer a typology of different ways of life, and each takes the agent’s whole way of life to be the most basic unit of ethical concern. They each put forward a vision of the best way of life and show how other ways of life fail. Having outlined how Kierkegaard pursues this method of doing ethics, I think we are better attuned to the different but parallel way that Nietzsche also pursues this method of doing ethics.
A 3,239 -Patient Combined Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDA) Analysis of the Effect of CR vs. Responses < CR on Long-Term Survival in Newly-Diagnosed AML Treated with Ara-C-Containing Regimens: Implications for Targeted Drug Development.

New definitions of response for patients with AML have been suggested, e.g. CRp, marrow CR, hematologic improvement. Although the criteria for these are less demanding than those for CR, some have proposed that their attainment can convert AML to a “chronic disease” associated with long-term survival. To test this hypothesis, we used ECOG and MDA data to assess the effect of the achievement of CR rather than responses We are assessing whether pts who survived 3 or 5 years despite not achieving CR with initial Rx attained CR with salvage Rx (e.g. allogeneic transplant) or had CRp or marrow CR rather than complete resistance after initial Rx. Nonetheless, our data indicate that in older pts given ara-C-containing regimens, long-term survival is essentially impossible without achievement of CR. Similarly, very few younger pts not achieving CR survive at 3–5 years. Therefore, it appears likely that newer “targeted agents” will have to contribute more than producing responses
A Multimodal Motion-Captured Corpus of Matched and Mismatched Extravert-Introvert Conversational Pairs.

This paper presents a new corpus, the Personality Dyads Corpus, consisting of multimodal data for three conversations between three personality-matched, two-person dyads (a total of 9 separate dialogues). Participants were selected from a larger sample to be 0.8 of a standard deviation above or below the mean on the Big-Five Personality extraversion scale, to produce an Extravert-Extravert dyad, an Introvert-Introvert dyad, and an Extravert-Introvert dyad. Each pair carried out conversations for three different tasks. The conversations were recorded using optical motion capture for the body and data gloves for the hands. Dyads’ speech was transcribed and the gestural and postural behavior was annotated with ANVIL. The released corpus includes personality profiles, ANVIL files containing speech transcriptions and the gestural annotations, and BVH files containing body and hand motion in 3D.
About the Measure of Heavily Visited Points of the Brownian Motion

We consider those space points of the Wiener process, the local time of which is at least a constant multiple of the local time of the origin. The upper and lower class behavior of the Lebesgue measure of these points are investigated.
Patterning and fluorescence tuning of quantum dots with haptic-interfaced bubble printing

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are attractive for a wide range of applications such as displays, light-emitting devices, and sensors due to their properties such as tunable fluorescence wavelength, high brightness, and narrow bandwidth. Most of the applications require precise patterning of QDs with targeted properties on solid-state substrates. Herein, we have developed a haptic-interfaced bubble printing (HIBP) technique to enable high-resolution (510 nm) high-throughput (>104 µm s−1) patterning of QDs with strong emission tunability and to significantly enhance the accessibility of the technique via a smartphone device. The scalability and versatility of the HIBP are demonstrated in our arbitrary patterning of QDs on plasmonic substrates. A detailed study of plasmonic and photothermal interactions is performed via programmed stage movements to realize tunability of the emission wavelength and lifetime. Finally, the influence of the hand movement on the properties of the printed QDs in terms of emission wavelength tuning from yellow to blue is established. This work provides a single-step macroscale platform to manipulate nanoscale properties at high resolution and high throughput.
Relationship between EMG and muscle force after spinal cord injury.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyography (EMG) score during contraction of a given muscle to the independently measured manual muscle test (MMT)score for that same m...
Recommended standardized terminology of the anterior female pelvis based on a structured medical literature review.

Background The use of imprecise and inaccurate terms leads to confusion amongst anatomists and medical professionals. Objective We sought to create recommended standardized terminology to describe anatomic structures of the anterior female pelvis based on a structured review of published literature and selected text books. Study Design We searched MEDLINE from its inception until May 2, 2016, using 11 medical subject heading terms to identify studies reporting on anterior female pelvic anatomy; any study type published in English was accepted. Nine textbooks were also included. We screened 12,264 abstracts, identifying 200 eligible studies along with 13 textbook chapters from which we extracted all pertinent anatomic terms. Results In all, 67 unique structures in the anterior female pelvis were identified. A total of 59 of these have been previously recognized with accepted terms in Terminologia Anatomica, the international standard on anatomical terminology. We also identified and propose the adoption of 4 anatomic regional terms (lateral vaginal wall, pelvic sidewall, pelvic bones, and anterior compartment), and 2 structural terms not included in Terminologia Anatomica (vaginal sulcus and levator hiatus). In addition, we identified 2 controversial terms (pubourethral ligament and Grafenberg spot) that require additional research and consensus from the greater medical and scientific community prior to adoption or rejection of these terms. Conclusion We propose standardized terminology that should be used when discussing anatomic structures in the anterior female pelvis to help improve communication among researchers, clinicians, and surgeons.
Ethical Considerations in Disease Management

Managed care, with its restrictions on patient and provider autonomy, has dominated the delivery of healthcare in the US over the last decade. The latest model of managed care has focused on disease management programs, which outline optimal cost-effective processes for care, built on evidence-based guidelines. Patients and providers seem to be more accepting of these programs than of the restrictive managed care practices, but ethical dilemmas remain for both patients and providers when participating in such programs. The basic ethical tenets of beneficence (to do good), autonomy (to make one’s own decisions) and non-maleficence (to do no harm), have been well accepted by the medical community. Under managed care these basic tenets have been challenged, with a notable impact on the principle of autonomy; patients lose their choices in selecting care providers, while healthcare providers face restrictions on what pharmaceutical agents they can prescribe and how to care for patients. Additionally, the changing nature of managing care has highlighted conflicts of interest between: patients and the providers of healthcare; patients and the implementers of health plans; and providers and health plans. Conflicts of interest between various parties involved in healthcare challenge the fundamentals of ethical principles, particularly autonomy and beneficence. Recently, there has been greater recognition of the ethical notion of social justice (including the competing concepts of distributive and contributive justice), in terms of the provision of healthcare, partly due to the development of concerns over the expense of, and access to, healthcare. Distributive justice reflects the broader societal concerns over the provision of scarce resources for all citizens, and argues for universal coverage schemes. The concept of contributive justice recognizes that principles of equity demand that we allocate commonly collective funds fairly to those who have contributed to the pool of funds; in the realm of healthcare in the US this is particularly relevant for those who have insurance coverage. Disease management programs offer great potential to improve healthcare. Programs that are developed with attention paid to the principles of beneficence and social justice as well as to concerns regarding patient and provider autonomy can limit conflicts of self-interest.
Early rebiopsy to identify mechanisms and biomarkers of tumor cell survival following epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.

TPS9100Background: Significant advances in the clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients have been achieved in part due to the identification of targetable driver mutations. The success of targetin...
Hepatitis B testing, care linkage, and vaccination coverage within a registry of hepatitis C infected patients.

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection testing among persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is necessary to appropriately care for these patients, yet uptake of HBV testing and vaccination in this population is suboptimal. Methods In a retrospective cohort analysis, we describe the prevalence of hepatitis B testing, linkage to hepatitis B care, and hepatitis B vaccination in patients with HCV infection within a large urban safety-net health system. Using a registry of HCV-infected patients with patient-level electronic health record data, that included demographic, clinical, and laboratory information from 2004 to 2016 from Grady Health System in Atlanta, GA, we describe (1) The prevalence of hepatitis B testing (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], core antibody [anti-HBc], surface antibody [anti-HBs]); (2) The proportion of HBsAg-positive persons receiving HBV DNA and e-antigen (HBeAg) as indicators for linkage to hepatitis B-directed care; and (3) The proportion of persons receiving hepatitis B vaccine. Results Of 4224 HCV-infected patients, 3629 (86%) had test results for HBsAg and 43 (1.2%) were HBsAg-positive. Of 2342 (55%) with test results for all three HBV serological markers, median age was 60 years, 67% were male, and 83% were African-American, 789 (34%) anti-HBc positive only, 678 (29%) anti-HBc/anti-HBs positive, 190 (8.1%) anti-HBs positive only, and 642 (27%) were HBV-susceptible. Of HBsAg-positive patients, 21% received HBV DNA and 40% HBeAg testing. The proportion of HBV-susceptible patients receiving at least 1 dose of hepatitis B vaccine was 322/642 (50%). Conclusions In a large cohort of HCV-infected patients, we found a high prevalence of current or past HBV infection, but there were gaps in complete hepatitis B testing, hepatitis B-directed care, and hepatitis B vaccination. Strategies are needed to increase hepatitis B testing, linkage to care, and administration of the hepatitis B vaccine for HCV-infected persons in this healthcare system.
The Foundations of Verification in Modeling and Simulation

The practice of verification is grounded in mathematics highlighting the fundamental nature of its practice. Models of reality are fundamentally mathematical and verification assures the connection between the modeling intended and achieved in code. Code verification is a process where the correctness of a computer code for simulation and modeling is proven. This “proof” is defined by the collection of evidence that the numerical approximations are congruent with the model for the physical phenomena. The key metric in code verification is the order of accuracy of the approximation that should match theoretical expectations. In contrast, solution verification is an aspect of uncertainty estimation associated with numerical error in simulations. Solution verification uses many of the same approaches as code verification, but its principal outcome is an estimate of the numerical error. The order of convergence is a secondary outcome. Together these two practices form an important part of the foundation of quality and credibility in modeling and simulation.
Spock: Exploiting Serverless Functions for SLO and Cost Aware Resource Procurement in Public Cloud

We are witnessing the emergence of elastic web services which are hosted in public cloud infrastructures. For reasons of cost-effectiveness, it is crucial for the elasticity of these web services to match the dynamically-evolving user demand. Traditional approaches employ clusters of virtual machines (VMs) to dynamically scale resources based on application demand. However, they still face challenges such as higher cost due to over-provisioning or incur service level objective (SLO) violations due to under-provisioning. Motivated by this observation, we propose Spock, a new scalable and elastic control system that exploits both VMs and serverless functions to reduce cost and ensure SLO for elastic web services. We show that under two different scaling policies, Spock reduces SLO violations of queries by up to 74\% when compared to VM-based resource procurement schemes. Further, Spock yields significant cost savings, by up to 33\% compared to traditional approaches which use only VMs.
A Novel Design Framework for Embedded Applications

Real-time microcontrollers are typically constrained to different performance parameters including code size, execution time, and power consumption. These system constraints cooperate with each other in a complicated way, making it challenging to develop an optimized design methodology for real-time embedded systems. In this work, we propose a design framework by reviewing the tradeoff between code size and execution time. We applied Period Calibration Method (PCM), which converts temporal system constraints into task parameters. PCM derives temporal parameters and code size parameter of each task, and thus determines the system end-to-end timing requirements with reduced code size. The proposed methodology makes a set of design parameters to optimize the real-time embedded system output. Our design framework uses Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling technique to improve system utilization by reducing dead cycles. The level of optimization is evaluated using ARM7 development suite. Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) method is applied to optimize power consumption by adjusting the frequency. The proposed design framework results are potential. The proposed optimization techniques help optimize the code size up to 21.22%, execution time up to 23.61%, and frequency up to 31.75%. This work can be extended to conduct power optimization of various microcontroller systems.
Current State of Anthrax Vaccines and Key R&D Gaps Moving Forward

A licensed anthrax vaccine has been available for pre-exposure prophylaxis in the United States since 1970, and it was approved for use as a post-exposure prophylaxis, in combination with antibiotic treatment, in 2015. A variety of other vaccines are available in other nations, approved under various regulatory frameworks. However, investments in anthrax vaccines continue due to the severity of the threat posed by this bacterium, as both a naturally occurring pathogen and the potential for use as a bioweapon. In this review, we will capture the current landscape of anthrax vaccine development, focusing on those lead candidates in clinical development. Although approved products are available, a robust pipeline of candidate vaccines are still in development to try to address some of the key research gaps in the anthrax vaccine field. We will then highlight some of the most pressing needs in terms of anthrax vaccine research.
Transoral robotic salvage oropharyngectomy with submental artery island flap reconstruction.

Background Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is an effective approach for select salvage oropharyngeal resections. Reconstruction in these scenarios is often necessary for vascular coverage and optimal functional outcomes but can be challenging. The submental artery island flap (SAIF) is well-suited to this reconstruction. Design/method Two patients presented with recurrent oropharyngeal tumors after chemoradiation. Each tumor was resected using TORS, and the SAIF was utilized for reconstruction. Flap inset was completed using TORS in one case. Results Both patients experienced uneventful recovery free from bleeding events or fistula formation and experienced no partial flap loss or donor site complications. Conclusions The SAIF is a simple reconstructive option for TORS defects that may be inset using robotic assistance and avoids the need for free tissue transfer.
Abstract 36: Nanoparticulate Matter Exposure Causes a Time-Dependent Activation of Inflammatory Microglia With Associated White Matter Damage in a Mouse Model

Introduction: Exposure to ambient air pollution, specifically the nano-scale subfraction (nPM; particles <200nm diameter), is associated with white matter damage and neurocognitive decline in both ...
Brain Aging and Chronic Pain: A Replication Study in Knee Osteoarthritis

We have previously reported that older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain had significantly older-appearing brains compared to older controls in a small, mainly Non-Hispanic white sample of individuals. We employed a machine-learning derived brain aging biomarker that compares voxel-wise gray and white matter volume images to a statistical model that accurately predicts chronological age from neuroimaging data in healthy people. The present study aimed to extend our previous findings to a larger, younger, and more racially diverse sample of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain. Participants (mean age=58 years) with severe (n=100) and mild knee pain (n=51) as well as age-matched controls (n=54) completed demographic, psychological and self-reported and experimental pain assessments along with a T1-weighted MRI scan. We estimated a brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) calculated as brain-predicted age minus chronological age. Analyses of covariances and correlations were used to determine associations of brain-PAD with pain and psychological variables. Age-matched controls had significantly "younger" brains for their age compared to individuals with the most severe knee pain (Bonferroni-p=0.023). Lower self-reported pain intensity and disability were significantly associated with a "younger" brain (p's
Silver Halide Detector Technology

This article describes the basic construction and operation of silver halide materials as image recording devices. The detector consists of silver halide microscrystals coated in a gelatin–water mixture on either a transparent or paper support. Strictly speaking the resulting suspension of silver halide microcrystals in aqueous gelatin is classified as a dispersion but early on in the development of photography it was called an “emulsion.” Emulsion is used in this article. A latent image is formed via a photochemical change of the microcrystal. The visible image is created through an image processing step in which those microcrystals that have received sufficient light “blacken” as they are transformed from silver halide to metallic silver. The microcrystals, also called “grains,” are prepared in a variety of shapes and size distributions to accommodate a variety of applications. Over the range of applications, the microcrystal size varies from a few tenths of a micron diameter to several microns diameter. Sensitivity, or speed, increases with increasing grain size, so higher speed films must necessarily use larger grains. Materials intended for image capture need to produce a distinguishable output over a wide range of inputs arid so a polydisperse size distribution is used. On the other hand, materials for image display, such as prints, need to respond only over a relatively narrow range of inputs so a monodisperse size distribution is often used. Keywords: silver halide materials; microcrystal preparation; sensitometry; latent image; chemical sensitization; dopants; spectral sensitization; image processing
Oculo-oro-genital syndrome: a deficiency disease.

Excerpt I. INTRODUCTION Since Gasper Casal first described "mal de rosa" some 200 years ago, many observers have noted that pellagra has varied considerably in its clinical manifestations. The vari...
Fatty acid composition and concentration of lecithin in the acetone fraction of amniotic fluid phospholipids

Abstract The concentration and fatty acid composition of acetone- and non-acetone-precipitated lecithin, the L/S ratio, and the concentration of phosphate in lipids were measured in aliquots of amniotic fluid obtained at different periods of gestation. Irrespective of the technique of precipitation of the phospholipids, no significant differences in fatty acid composition or concentration of lecithin can be detected within the same gestational age except for the presence of C 12 and C 20 fatty acids in the acetone-soluble phospholipids. Increase in C 16:0 fatty acid concentration and composition can be demonstrated with fetal age in the acetone- and non-acetone-precipitated lecithin. The L/S ratios measured in both preparations differ numerically, but are linearly related. The L/S ratio can be evaluated visually as well as by densitometry. The concentration of phosphate in total amniotic fluid lipid increases with gestational age, though the S.D. is large. These results demonstrate that the acetone precipitation of phospholipids with densitometry measurement of the L/S ratio offers no advantages over the visual determination of the ratio on total amniotic phospholipids. It also indicates that the acetone precipitation of lecithin is not specific for lung surfactant, at least in amniotic fluid. There is no evidence that lecithin synthesized in the second trimester contains a high percentage of C 14 chain length fatty acids, as would be expected if the methylation pathway was predominant at this stage of gestation.
Smart Grid Security Risks

Smart grid technology is a collection of existing and up-and-coming technologies working together to improve the distribution of electric energy. It provides the providers and consumer of power real time information on power production and consumption. Cyber technology is being utilized in electric smart grid system from the generation of the power to its distribution to consumers. Nowadays it has become relatively easy for consumers to be monitored through wired and wireless means using these cyber technologies on how they effectively and efficiently manage power provided to them. However with the introduction of cyber technologies in electric grid systems, there is an added risk to its implementation and operation. This paper will be looking at the security risk associated with power production and transmission, the communication protocols used in the smart grid and the security risk for consumers.
Teaching as Theatre: Finding One's Dramatic 'Wits'

SUBJECT AREA: classroom teaching. This fellow's wise enough to play the fool, and to do that well craves a kind of wit. - William Shakespeare: Twelfth Night Act 3, Scene 1 The Bard uses jesters toward serious ends. They challenge decision makers to redefine problems, to consider new information, to abandon prejudices, and to recognize pervasive stupidity. Shakespeare shows that the wise person sometimes chooses to play the fool, to loosen up in carefully calculated ways, in order to convey deep ideas. His use of "wit" has a double meaning: humor and mindfulness. What is the role of dramatic wits in the classroom? How can an understanding of the actor's craft contribute to the success of teachers? What theatrical skills should a teacher seek to acquire? This column offers a few stage directions to the teacher.
Advancing diversity through research, teaching, and service

Purpose – To highlight the gender and diversity in organizations (GDO) division's conference program at the 66th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management (AoM).Design/methodology/approach – A select group of presentations are summarized based on observation, notes, discussions, and reading of material.Findings – Attempts to advance diversity are being made via a variety of avenues to include research, teaching, and service efforts. Presentations illustrated how important diversity is at the individual, organizational, and societal levels of analysis.Originality/value – The GDO division of the AoM is making positive strides as it relates to advancing diversity. This report summarizes some of the key contributions made during this conference.
The Impact of Changes in Chinese Government Policy on Rural-Urban Migrant Children’s Schooling

In this policy analysis we will explicate changes in policies affecting the ability of Chinese rural-urban migrantfamilies to gain access to public school education for their children. We argue that these changes are traceable toa contradiction between the transformation of government economic policies in the period since 1978, whichencouraged rural surplus labor force to move to urban areas seeking job opportunities; and the Hukou policy,which continued to label migrants as “urban outsiders” (Cheng shi wai lai ren kou translated into Chinese) andtherefore limited migrant families’ access to resources and services intended for urban residents. Recent changesin policy have attempted to resolve this problem, but our case study findings show that the cultural and socialdivide between rural and urban residents remains a salient factor in urban education.
Improving patient reported outcomes using item response theory and computerized adaptive testing.

OBJECTIVE: Patient reported outcomes (PRO) are considered central outcome measures for both clinical trials and observational studies in rheumatology. More sophisticated statistical models, including item response theory (IRT) and computerized adaptive testing (CAT), will enable critical evaluation and reconstruction of currently utilized PRO instruments to improve measurement precision while reducing item burden on the individual patient. METHODS: We developed a domain hierarchy encompassing the latent trait of physical function/disability from the more general to most specific. Items collected from 165 English-language instruments were evaluated by a structured process including trained raters, modified Delphi expert consensus, and then patient evaluation. Each item in the refined data bank will undergo extensive analysis using IRT to evaluate response functions and measurement precision. CAT will allow for real-time questionnaires of potentially smaller numbers of questions tailored directly to each individual9s level of physical function. RESULTS: Physical function/disability domain comprises 4 subdomains: upper extremity, trunk, lower extremity, and complex activities. Expert and patient review led to consensus favoring use of present-tense "capability" questions using a 4- or 5-item Likert response construct over past-tense "performance"items. Floor and ceiling effects, attribution of disability, and standardization of response categories were also addressed. CONCLUSION: By applying statistical techniques of IRT through use of CAT, existing PRO instruments may be improved to reduce questionnaire burden on the individual patients while increasing measurement precision that may ultimately lead to reduced sample size requirements for costly clinical trials.
On-Line Algorithms for Division and Multiplication

In this paper, on-line algorithms for division and multiplication are developed. It is assumed that the operands as well as the result flow through the arithmetic unit in a digit-by-digit, most significant digit first fashion. The use of a redundant digit set, at least for the digits of the result, is required.
Ultra-low power and high dynamic range variable optical attenuator array

We present experimental results on an ultra-low drive power 8-channel variable optical attenuator array realized in a highly-integrated planar waveguide platform. The variable optical attenuator (VOA) array features an attenuation range of >25 dB with an applied electrical drive power of only 1.4 mW.
A Study of the Colorimetric Dinitrophenylhydrazine Method for the Determination of Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase Activity

Study of the colorimetric transaminase method of Reitman and Frankel for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity revealed the following: (1) although maximum absorption occurs at 444 mµ, absorbance readings at 505 mµ gave satisfactory results; (2) color development is immediate and the color is stable for at least 1 hr.; (3) a pyruvate calibration standard may be used; (4) sample blanks are not usually necessary; (5) a reagent blank should accompany each group of analyses and should be used as a photometric reference; (6) the relationship between dilution and enzyme activity is linear; and (7) although the relationship between incubation time and activity is not exactly linear, a factor has been determined to permit the use of a 12-min. incubation period with samples showing high enzyme activity.
Theoretical investigation of liquid metal ion sources: Field and temperature dependence of ion emission

We investigate the field and temperature dependence of the rate of ion formation by important mechanisms in Liquid Metal Ion Sources (LMIS). In addition to field evaporation and field ionization of thermally evaporated neutrals we identify a third mechanism, thermal-field evaporation, which is intermediate between the other two mechanisms. Field (or thermal-field) evaporation is found to be dominant in the normal operating regime of LMIS in agreement with the conclusions of Prewett et al. A jet-like protrusion model of LMIS shape, which is consistent with direct observations, allows high temperatures to be reached with a reasonable power input to the source. Thus a small, but sometimes important, contribution to the total ion current from field ionization of thermally evaporated atoms is expected.