cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Regulation and Patterning of the Broad-Complex in the Epidermis and Wing Discs of the Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca sexta

Expression of Manduca Broad-Complex (BR-C) mRNA in the larval epidermis is under the dual control of ecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH). Immunocytochemistry with antibodies that recognize the core, Z2, and Z4 domains of Manduca BR-C proteins showed that BR-C appearance not only temporally correlates with pupal commitment of the epidermis on day 3 of the fifth (final) larval instar, but also occurs in a strict spatial pattern within the abdominal segment similar to that seen for the loss of sensitivity to JH. Levels of Z2 and Z4 BR-C proteins shift with Z2 predominating at pupal commitment and Z4 dominant during early pupal cuticle synthesis. Both induction of BR-C mRNA in the epidermis by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and its suppression by JH were shown to be independent of new protein synthesis. For suppression JH must be present during the initial exposure to 20E. When JH was given 6 h after 20E, suppression was only seen in those regions that had not yet expressed BR-C. In the wing discs BR-C was first detected earlier 1.5 days after ecdysis, coincident with the pupal commitment of the wing. Our findings suggest that BR-C expression is one of the first molecular events underlying pupal commitment of both epidermis and wing discs.
Personality determinants of autocratic and democratic leadership

The purpose of this investigation was to isolate personality correlates of leadership by determining the unique personality profiles associated with autocratic and democratic leadership styles. Based on a multiple discriminant analysis which separated the autocratic from democratic groups on the basis of seven personality variables (of 53 considered), subjects were classified as autocratic or democratic with a 75.66% accuracy. Also, a personality profile emerged from the pattern of scores on the variables from the discriminant analysis which allowed for a useful personality‐based characterization of autocratic and democratic leaders.
Biocertification and Neurodiversity: the Role and Implications of Self-Diagnosis in Autistic Communities

Neurodiversity, the advocacy position that autism and related conditions are natural variants of human neurological outcomes that should be neither cured nor normalized, is based on the assertion that autistic people have unique neurological differences. Membership in this community as an autistic person largely results from clinical identification, or biocertification. However, there are many autistic individuals who diagnose themselves. This practice is contentious among autistic communities. Using data gathered from Wrong Planet, an online autism community forum, this article describes the debate about self-diagnosis amongst autistic self-advocates and argues for the acceptance of the practice in light of the difficulties in verifying autism as a ‘natural kind.’ This practice can counteract discriminatory practices towards and within the autistic community and also work to verfiy autistic self-knowledge and self-expertise. This discussion also has important implications for other neurocommunities, neuroethical issues such as identity and privacy, and the emerging field of critical autism studies.
Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on NOx Formation in Premixed Combustion System

*† ‡ Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an enabling technology to reduce CO2 capture cost for gas-turbine-based power plants. Experiments performed in fully premixed mode using Dry Low NOx single nozzle combustor at General Electric Global Research Center also revealed NOx reduction at same flame temperature by EGR. This paper presents systematic chemical kinetics analysis to study the effect of EGR on NOx formation in lean premixed combustion system under gas turbine representative temperatures and pressures. Simulation results are first presented for perfectly premixed combustion system to study the effect of EGR at different pressures (1-30 atm), oxidizer compositions, and EGR ratios. Based on detailed analysis, dominant mechanisms responsible for NOx formation are identified for different pressures. The effect of fuel-air unmixedness is then introduced to model the industrial gas turbine combustors. It is found that NOx formation is much less sensitive to the unmixedness with EGR than the baseline case. For typical gas turbine combustors, EGR introduces large benefits (up to 50%) for raw NOx reduction at same flame temperature, and even larger reduction if NOx concentration is corrected to 15% O2.
Inhibition of Adenovirus 12 Oncogenicity by Adeno-Associated Virus

SummaryThe AAV partially inhibits oncogenesis of adenovirus 12 when the two are inoculated together. Sixty percent of newborn hamsters inoculated with adenovirus 12 alone developed subcutaneous undifferentiated malignant tumors. Only 19% of animals inoculated with identical amounts of adenovirus 12 with AAV developed tumors.
Pulse Dynamics in Mode-locked Lasers

Measurements of the pulse dynamics in a mode-locked laser show that the dynamics of the gain medium must be included. The dynamical response of the timing and phase are measured using femtosecond comb techniques.
Endoscopic stitching: techniques and indications.

Purpose of review Endoscopic suturing has evolved dramatically over the past decade. Early suturing devices had significant limitations preventing widespread use. Newer devices, though not perfect, have overcome many of these limitations. The purpose of this review is to discuss the techniques and current indications for endoscopic suturing. Recent findings In addition to technological advances, the indications for endoscopic suturing continue to increase in number. Recent literature has demonstrated successful use of endoscopic suturing for the treatment of procedural adverse events such as leaks, perforations, and fistulas, but newer indications such as anchoring of self-expandable metal stents and bariatric therapy, both primary and secondary, have also been proven to be successful. Summary The availability of endoscopic suturing will likely increase in the coming years and will not be limited to expert centers. Currently available devices require technical expertise but are improved over previous devices.
Yuri Leving, Shades of Laura: Vladimir Nabokov’s last novel “The Original of Laura”

This collection is not the first academic response to the posthumous publication of Vladimir Nabokov’s unfinished manuscript but it is remarkable in several ways. First, four years’ distance allows...
From Hund's insulator to Fermi liquid: Optical spectroscopy study of K doping in BaMn 2 As 2

We present optical transmission measurements that reveal a charge gap of 0.86 eV in the local-moment antiferromagnetic insulator ${\mathrm{BaMn}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$, an order of magnitude larger than previously reported. Density functional theory plus dynamical mean-field theory ($\text{DFT}+\text{DMFT}$) calculations correctly reproduce this charge gap only when a strong Hund's coupling is considered. Thus, ${\mathrm{BaMn}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ is a member of a wider class of Mn pnictide compounds that are Mott--Hund insulators. We also present optical reflectance for metallic 2%-K-doped ${\mathrm{BaMn}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ that we use to extract the optical conductivity at different temperatures. The optical conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ exhibits a metallic response that is well described by a simple Drude term. Both $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0,T)$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ exhibit Fermi-liquid temperature dependencies. From these measurements, we argue that a more strongly correlated Hund-metal version of the parent compounds of the iron pnictide superconductors has not yet been realized by doping this class of Hund insulators.
Modulation of tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness by extracellular ATP.

Experiments were performed in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats to determine the effects of activation of P2 purinoceptors sensitive to ATP on glomerular capillary pressure, as estimated from ...
Anatomic Variation in Pediatric Chronic Sinusitis: A CT Study

The diagnosis of pediatric chronic sinusitis is problematic in very young children who have several of the symptoms consistent with chronic sinusitis. This article addresses only the issues surrounding the imaging, and particularly computed tomographic scanning, of chronic sinusitis in the pediatric population.
Ten Simple Rules for Writing a Postdoctoral Fellowship.

Postdoctoral fellowships support research, and frequently career development training, to enhance your potential to becoming a productive, independent investigator. Securing a fellowship sends a strong signal that you are capable of conducting fundable research and will likely lead to successes with larger grants. Writing a fellowship will also increase your productivity and impact because you will learn and refine skills necessary to articulate your research priorities. However, competition is fierce and your fellowship application needs to stand out among your peers as realistic, coherent, and compelling. Also, reviewers, a committee of experts and sometimes non-experts, will scrutinize your application, so anything less than polished may be quickly eliminated. We have drawn below ten tips from our experiences in securing postdoctoral fellowships to help as you successfully tackle your proposal.
Role of c-Src Activation on Prostate Cancer Lymph Node Metastases

Abstract : This is a final report of Pre-doctoral Prostate Cancer Training Program (PCRP) for Dr. Serk In Park, a Ph.D. student in the Program of Cancer Biology, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Dr. Park, the PI of this training grant, has completed all requirements for the degree of Ph.D. earlier than the originally proposed date, leading to early termination of the grant. This final report includes scientific and educational accomplishments directly supported by this grant, and key findings of scientific research.
Epigenetic landscape of the TERT promoter: a potential biomarker for high risk AML/MDS

Although recent observations implicate the importance of telomerase activity in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), the roles of epigenetic regulations of the TERT gene in leukaemogenesis, drug resistance and clinical prognosis in AML are not fully understood. We developed a quantitative pyrosequencing-based methylation assay covering the TERT proximal promoter and a partial exon 1 (TERTpro/Ex1) region and tested both cell lines and primary leukaemia cells derived from AML and AML with preceding myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS) patients (n = 43). Prognostic impact of methylation status of the upstream TERT promoter region was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The activity of the telomerase inhibitor, imetelstat, was measured using leukaemia cell lines. The TERTpro/Ex1 region was highly methylated in all cell lines and primary leukaemia cells showed diverse methylation profiles. Most cases showed hypermethylated regions at the upstream TERTpro/Ex1 region, which were associated with inferior patient survival. TERTpro/Ex1 methylation status was correlated with the cytotoxicity to imetelstat and its combination with hypomethylating agent enhanced the cytotoxicity of imetelstat. AML cell lines and primary blasts harbour distinct TERTpro/Ex1 methylation profiles that could serve as a prognostic biomarker of AML. However, validation in a large cohort of patients is necessary to confirm our findings.
Four Transcommunal Approaches

Up to this point, I have been arguing that there is a species of ethical problems involving boundaries and definitions of communal membership that has distinctive features which set it apart from the preserve of distributive or corrective justice. Our thinking about such problems, I have suggested, has been hampered by our reliance on these traditional categories; as a remedy, I have proposed that we analyze the processes through which “communities of justice” are constituted as falling under a distinct category of justice, namely constitutive justice. Plausible accounts of constitutive justice, I have further argued, will be transcommunal in nature, mediating between local moral conceptions and more general, broadly shared ethical concerns in the negotiation of just boundaries. Although the category of constitutive justice is novel, my argument should not be taken as suggesting that its characteristic concerns have hitherto gone entirely unaddressed. To the contrary, the issue has been implicitly addressed in some of the more innovative recent work in political theory and social ethics. In this chapter, I explore four diverse lines of inquiry into justice and the ethics of boundaries that, in my view, map out constructive approaches to some of the central problems of constitutive justice. Such efforts will only benefit from further clarification of the concerns of constitutive justice that inform them.
Software Defined networking for reducing energy consumption and carbon emission

With the exponential growth of the internet use, many organizations use vast amount of energy/power to operate and cool their network infrastructures and thus produce significant amount of carbon waste. The main focus of this research is to design OpenFlow based networks that will result in high speed computer networks and dramatic reductions of energy consumption and carbon emission. Note that optimizing a physical network requires tedious time spent manually debugging hardware, by manipulating a virtual network one may add and remove hosts with the click of a mouse. Mininet virtualization software allows the user to carry out what would normally be tedious processes in the matter of minutes. We also present steps toward converting a typical network set-up into an OpenFlow controlled Software Defined Network (SDN); to reduce the power consumption used by the network. Mininet is useful in visually representing a physical network to optimize power consumption using Software Defined Network.
Immune Response to Coccidioidomycosis and the Development of a Vaccine

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides posadasii and Coccidioides immitis. It is estimated that 150,000 new infections occur in the United States each year. The incidence of this infection continues to rise in endemic regions. There is an urgent need for the development of better therapeutic drugs and a vaccine against coccidioidomycosis. This review discusses the features of host innate and adaptive immune responses to Coccidioides infection. The focus is on the recent advances in the immune response and host-pathogen interactions, including the recognition of spherules by the host and defining the signal pathways that guide the development of the adaptive T-cell response to Coccidioides infection. Also discussed is an update on progress in developing a vaccine against these fungal pathogens.
Higher-Order Adaptive Finite Difference Methods for Fully Nonlinear Elliptic Equations

We introduce generalised finite difference methods for solving fully nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations. Methods are based on piecewise Cartesian meshes augmented by additional points along the boundary. This allows for adaptive meshes and complicated geometries, while still ensuring consistency, monotonicity, and convergence. We describe an algorithm for efficiently computing the non-traditional finite difference stencils. We also present a strategy for computing formally higher-order convergent methods. Computational examples demonstrate the efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility of the methods.
Opportunistic data reveal widespread species turnover in Enallagma damselflies at biogeographical scales

An information tradeoff exists between systematic presence/absence surveys and purely opportunistic (presence-only) records for investigating the geography of community structure. Opportunistic species occurrence data may be of relatively limited quality, but typically involves numerous observations and species. Given the quality-quantity tradeoff, what can opportunistic data reveal about spatial patterns in community structure? Here we explore opportunistic data in describing geographic patterns of species composition, using over 4,600 occurrence records of Enallagma damselflies in the United States. We tested phylogenetic scale (genus level, Enallagma major clades, Enallagma subclades) and spatial extent (U.S. vs. watershed regions), hypothesizing that nonrandom structure is more likely at larger spatial extents. We also used three sets of systematic presence/absence surveys as a benchmark for validating opportunistic presence-only records. Null model analysis of matrix coherence and species replacements showed many cases of nonrandom structure and widespread species turnover. This outcome was repeated across spatial and environmental gradients and community composition scenarios. Turnover dominated across the U.S. and two watersheds spanning biogeographic boundaries, but random assemblages were prevalent in a third watershed with limited longitudinal extent. Turnover also pervaded each level of phylogeny. Opportunistic presence-only datasets showed identical patterns as systematic presence/absence datasets. These results indicate that extensive opportunistic data can be used to detect species turnover, especially at geographic scales where range margins are crossed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Automated General Manager: Can an Algorithmic System for Drafts, Trades, and Free Agency Outperform Human Front Offices?

An automated system using machine learning methods, applied to a broad historical database, while avoiding survivorship bias, and for a variety of performance metrics, is developed and tested again...
Abstract P5-01-02: Quantitative assessment of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with locoregional invasive breast cancer using Tc99m sestamibi molecular breast imaging - preliminary results

Purpose: To report preliminary data in a pilot study evaluating the ability of Tc99m sestamibi Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) to predict response and assess residual disease at the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with localized, invasive breast cancer (T1-T4, N0-N3, M0) planned for NAC were enrolled in this prospective IRB approved clinical trial. All patients had digital mammography (DM), ultrasound (US), and MBI at baseline (T0), after 2 NAC cycles (T1), and at after NAC completion (T2). Tumor size and volume changes were compared with residual disease at surgery. MBI images were corrected for scatter and attenuation using a novel approach and regions of interest (ROI) were drawn over tumors to compute three quantitative MBI uptake metrics for correlation with pathologic response: tumor to background ratio (TBR), fractional activity uptake (FAU), and MBI-specific standardized uptake value (SUV). ROC analysis was performed. Results: Patients (n=25) who completed NAC, had 75 imaging time points and had surgery, were included in this analysis. Median age was 49 years (range 31 -77). Eleven patients (11/25, 44%) had complete pathologic response (pCR). Absolute TBR values after 2 cycles (T1) and before surgery (T2) had highest correlation with pCR (AUC 0.81; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.99, p=0.01, and AUC 0.78; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97, p=0.015, respectively). Change in SUV after 2 cycles, Δ SUV1 (T1-T0), (AUC 0.84; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.00, p=0.01) and change in SUV prior to surgery, Δ SUV2 (T2-T0) (AUC 0.80; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.00, p=0.02), were most predictive of pCR. Tumor size and volume showed modest specificity for detecting residual disease, and was highest for MBI (79%), followed by MMG (64%), and lowest for US (55%). Conclusion: Quantitative MBI metrics show promise for the prediction of pCR in breast cancer patients undergoing NAC. Establishment of quantitative metrics for the early prediction of tumor response during NAC of breast cancer patients may provide an alternate to influencing NAC choice early in the management algorithm. Further investigation with a larger sample size is warranted. Citation Format: Rauch GM, Adrada BE, Kappadath C, Candelaria RP, Huang ML, Santiago L, Moseley T, Scoggins ME, Knudtson JD, Lopez BP, Hess KR, Krishnamurthy S, Moulder S, Valero V, Yang W. Quantitative assessment of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with locoregional invasive breast cancer using Tc99m sestamibi molecular breast imaging - preliminary results [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-02.
Theatre, Ritual and Commemoration in Euripides' Hippolytus

The ‘meaning’ of a complex literary work like the Hippolytus cannot be reductively condensed into an abstract paraphrase. Meaning exists as (inter alia) a dynamic relation among the various areas of personal and social life that the play brings together in analogies and contrasts. Thus, to take a central nucleus of meaning in this play, the cleavage between appearance and reality is replicated in the dramatic movement between interior and exterior, in the contrast between house and city, and therefore between male and female, and is made explicit in isolated, though programmatic, statements like that of Phaedra about ‘thought’ and ‘hand’ and that of Hippolytus about ‘tongue’ and ‘thought’ (317, 612).The multiple configurations of these patterns of similarity and difference and their capacity to generate numerous specific realisations in the details of action and language invite and make possible many different descriptions. Because critics are always seeking their own formulations for these multiple relations and selecting their own corpus of details that embody them, no single interpretation is likely to be definitive. But one interpretation can be better than another if it is more accurate, discriminating and discerning in finding the sets of relations that are of particular interest to us as readers, if it describes those relations with greater precision and exhaustiveness, and if it includes a wider range of relevant textual details that are informed by the patterns under consideration.
Please Recuse Yourself: A Field Experiment Exploring the Relationship between Campaign Donations and Judicial Recusal

In this paper we present the preliminary results of a field experiment that explores one aspect of the relationship between campaign donations and judicial behavior — the propensity and motivation behind judicial recusals. We are able to identify civil cases where one or more of the attorneys involved made financial contributions to the judge’s previous election campaign. A random selection of judges presiding over cases that match these criteria received letters identifying the potential conflict and requesting recusal. We measure the rate of judicial recusal, in addition to a number of secondary outcomes. We find that sending judges letters has a moderate, albeit non-statistically significant, effect on recusals but leads to a 22 percentage point increase in the likelihood that a judge will disclose the donation on the court record. This study provides novel insight into the impartiality of the judicial system and the sensitivity of elected judges to appearance of conflict-of-interest.
The dynamics of image repair strategy on sport celebrity scandal: how university students' attitudes are shaped according to scandal type, perceived credibility, and sport involvement

Scandals involving sport celebrities are detrimental to the celebrities' images, as they negatively influence the public's attitudes of those celebrities. This study examines how university students' attitudes regarding a sport celebrity would be shaped differently according to three types of image repair strategies (mortification/denial/combination) and two levels of the celebrity's credibility (high/low). These dynamics are compared between a sex scandal and a doping scandal. Participants are 186 students from a Midwestern university. They answered questions about the perceived effectiveness of the different strategies after being randomly exposed to one of six scenarios in either scandal. Results show that, in repairing a sport celebrity's image tarnished by a sex scandal, the most effective strategy was that of mortification, regardless of the level of credibility attached to the celebrity. In the doping scandal, no significant differences were found. The study suggests a customisation of an image-repairing strategy according to the scandal's situational factors.
Book review: The Art of Prolog, 2nd edition by Leon Sterling and Ehud Shapiro (MIT Press, 1994)

In his 1983 dissertation [1], Ehud Shapiro lamented the lack of literature available on good Prolog programming style. While manuals for the language existed, there was little available to guide a new programmer into the best ways of using the elements of the language to write good programs rather than merely programs that work.
Human Rights and Social Work

Human rights have provided a contentious issue in the social work profession, and have a patchy implementation globally. This is changing as social workers and educators throughout the world embrace concepts of human rights. The International Federation of Social Workers and International Association of Schools of Social Work have incorporated human rights throughout their mission statements. However, while human rights have now become more accepted within social work education and practice, social workers still have to understand what human rights actually represent. Application of human rights to social work policies and practices remains a work in progress.
Intraoperative fluorescence imaging in thoracic surgery

Intraoperative fluorescence imaging (IFI) can improve real-time identification of cancer cells during an operation. Phase I clinical trials in thoracic surgery have demonstrated that IFI with second window indocyanine green (TumorGlow® ) can identify subcentimeter pulmonary nodules, anterior mediastinal masses, and mesothelioma, while the use of a folate receptor-targeted near-infrared agent, OTL38, can improve the specificity for diagnosing tumors with folate receptor expression. Here, we review the existing preclinical and clinical data on IFI in thoracic surgery.
Quantifying Ligand Exchange on InP Using an Atomically Precise Cluster Platform

The surface chemistry of a colloidal nanoparticle is intrinsic to both its structure and function. It is therefore necessary to characterize the surfaces of colloidal materials to rationally underpin any synthetic, catalytic, or transformative mechanisms they enable. Here we characterize the surface properties of colloidal InP clusters and quantum dots by examining the binding of traditional stabilizing ligands including carboxylates, phosphonates, and thiolates. By using the In37P20X51 (X = carboxylate) cluster species as an ideally monodisperse and well-defined starting scaffold, we quantify surface-exchange equilibria. Using quantitative 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy, we show that 1:1 metathesis-type binding models are insufficient to fully describe the surface dynamics. In particular, for the case of the highly reversible carboxylate ligand exchange, a more detailed isotherm approach using a two-site, competitive model is necessary. This model is used to deconvolute L- and X-type binding modalities. We ...
Ambivalent Landscapes: An Historical Geography of Recreation and Tourism on Mount Hood, Oregon

An abstract of the thesis of Ryan Franklin Mitchell for the Master of Science in Geography presented June 28, 2005. Title: Ambivalent Landscapes: An Historical Geography of Recreation and Tourism on Mount Hood, Oregon. Mount Hood is an Oregon icon. The mountain has as long and rich a history of recreation and tourism as almost any other place in the American West. But contemporary landscapes on Mount Hood reveal a recreation and tourism industry that has struggled to assert itself, and a distinct geographic divide is evident in the manner in which tourism has been developed. Why? In this study I chronicle the historical geography of recreation and tourism on Mount Hood. I examine the evolution of its character and pattern, and the ways in which various communities have used it to invest meaning in the places they call home. Despite the efforts of early boosters, Mount Hood has never been home to an elite destination resort like Aspen, Sun Valley, or Vail. Instead, modest recreation developed alongside timber and agriculture, and today the area is primarily a regional attraction. Unlike destinations with national and international clienteles that play a significant role in shaping lives and landscapes, local and regional interests are the primary drivers of recreation and tourism on Mount Hood. Communities on the mountain have incorporated the industry into their lives and landscapes to varying degrees. Mount Hood is also inextricably tied to Portland, and as an integral part of the city's history and identity, reflects its residents' tastes, values, and priorities. This combination of local and metropolitan interests has left an imprint on Mount Hood that reflects tensions and contradictions that define Oregon in the early twenty-first century: past vs. future, old vs. new economies, urban vs. rural inclinations, progress vs. status quo, and upscale vs. modest tastes. Spatially, temporally, and psychologically, Mount Hood straddles the divide between two visions: a service-based economy in the Willamette Valley, heavily dependent on technology, and a traditional, resource-based economy in much of the
Determination by Iterative Method of Diffraction Field at the Interaction Longitudinal Shear Wave with the System of Thin Rigid Inclusions

The problem of the diffraction field determination is arising as a result of the longitudinal shear wave interaction with the thin rigid inclusions system arbitrarily situated in an infinity body was solved. Inclusions are considered to be fully coupled to the elastic medium and are moving. Unknown amplitudes of inclusions are determined from the equations of motion. The solution method is based on the submission diffraction field displacement as sum of discontinuous solutions to the Helmholtz equation, the constructed for each inclusion. As result the original problem is reduced to the system of the singular integral equations for unknown jumps of stresses on the inclusions surface, The iterative method of this system solving, where the zero approximation are the solutions of the integral equations for the single inclusions, is proposed. This integral equation for single inclusions are numerical solved the mechanical quadrature method. The final result is the approximate formulas for calculating stress intensity factors and the amplitudes of the oscillations.
Five-parameter evaluation of dysphagia: A novel prognostic scale for assessing neurological decline in Gaucher disease type 2.

Abstract Background Gaucher disease type 2 (GD2) is defined by acute neurological decline, failure to thrive, and early demise. Currently, there is no clear standard for evaluating, staging, and counseling regarding neurological decline in GD2. Due to the high prevalence of progressive dysphagia secondary to acute neurological involvement, we aimed to identify key components of swallow function which could serve as markers of disease progression in GD2. Methods A post-hoc analysis of modified barium swallow studies was performed. Six parameters of swallowing were scored in a retrospective chart review of eleven infants with GD2. Mixed effects regression, principal component analysis (PCA), and a transition analysis were used to evaluate swallow function and model disease progression. Results All patients exhibited impaired swallow function. There was no association between any of the swallow parameters and age, indicating non-linear disease progression. PCA and transition analysis identified five parameters capturing multiple dimensions of swallowing which defined two distinct disease states. Conclusion A five-parameter swallow evaluation was sufficient to identify distinct states of GD2 and model prospective outcomes. This multi-dimensional evaluation could be a useful efficacy parameter for future therapeutic trials in GD2 and other neurodegenerative disorders of infancy.
Price and product variation in Washington's recreational cannabis market.

Abstract Background Ten U.S. states, Canada, and Uruguay have passed laws to legalize the production and sale of cannabis for non-medical purposes. Available research has documented rapidly falling prices and changing product mixes, but many details are not well understood: particularly, the popularity, prices, and product characteristics of different cannabis edibles and extract-based products – each offering different ways to consume cannabis, with unclear health consequences. Methods This paper analyzes data from Washington's recreational cannabis market, which has recorded over 110 million retail item-transactions from July 2014 to October 2017. Previous research on price and product trends has focused mostly on herbal cannabis, which accounts for the majority, but a decreasing share, of sales. This paper applies advanced text-analytic methods to provide new insights, including (A) estimating potency data for edibles and (B) identifying extract sub-types. Patterns and trends are described, across product types, regarding THC and CBD profiles and price per THC. Results Extracts accounted for 28.5% of sales in October 2017. Of extracts categorized to subtype, nearly half were identified as “dabs”, and another half “cartridges”. In October 2017, price per 10 mg THC was roughly $3 among edibles, 70 cents among extract cartridges, and 30–40 cents for other flower and other extracts; solid concentrates offered the lowest priced THC among extract products. Price declines continue but have slowed. High-CBD chemovars are becoming more common, but still are almost non-existent in flower marijuana and rare (1% of sales) among extract products. Conclusion As Washington's recreational cannabis market has developed over three and a half years, trends identified in that market may serve as an early indication of potential issues in other states. Legislators and regulators in other jurisdictions with commercial non-medical cannabis markets may wish to establish policies responsive to these trends in product popularity, price, and potency.
Anti-Rh alloimmunization after trauma resuscitation

The AABB recently posted a bulletin (19-02) regarding their recommendations for the use of group O red blood cells (RBCs) during trauma. Though group O Rh(D)-negative RBC units are considered the 'safest', the demand of such units often exceeds the supply. Therefore, O Rh(D)-positive units are often used during the first parts of a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) or patients with particularly severe hemorrhage are switched over from O Rh(D)-negative to O Rh(D)-positive RBC units in order to preserve the O Rh(D)-negative supply. In light of these limitations, it is important to understand the risk of such policies to the patient. The reported risk of alloimmunization after exposure to Rh(D)-positive RBCs ranges widely from 3 to 70%. In response, we performed a retrospective review of 1,198 patients in our institution that had a MTP activation due to trauma. Of those patients, we focused on Rh(D)-negative patients that received at least 1 unit of Rh(D)-positive RBCs. Seventy-two patients met the criteria for inclusion, accounting for 6% of the total population. Of the 72 Rh(D)-negative patients, we identified 17% that formed new Rh group antibodies after exposure to Rh(D)-positive RBCS. All 10 of our alloimmunized patients (two of which were females of childbearing age) formed anti-D, while 3 patients also formed either anti-E or anti-C. Since this was a retrospective review, we did not perform repeated antibody screens for the entire study period, but did review all records for the entire period. We did note that we were more likely to detect an novel alloantibody if more antibody screens were performed during the patient's initial stay and during follow-up visits. We conclude that providing Rh(D) negative patients Rh(D) positive RBC units is not without risk and policies regarding such provisions should be carefully considered. As RBC shortages continue to be a part of daily practice, such issues may continue to be a challenge for the blood bank community.
Malaria education interventions addressing bed net care and repair practices: a systematic review

Education intervention effectiveness to improve bed net care and repair knowledge or practices is unclear. To assess intervention effectiveness, we systematically reviewed eight peer-reviewed literature databases and 16 malaria organizations (PROSPERO protocol CRD42019123932) using pre-specified combinations of 'education intervention', 'mosquito net', and 'malaria' search terms. Data were abstracted for 29 of 43 studies meeting inclusion criteria, of which 16 studies included education as amain focus. Of these 16, there was evidence of intervention effectiveness among half of the studies, which reported improvements in knowledge or practices, while four had mixed results, and four had unclear results. Overall there is no clear conclusion regarding the effectiveness of education interventions to improve net care and repair, though some instructional methods suggest more success than others. Interventions used combinations of instructional methods; passive mass education (6), active mass education (12), and interpersonal methods (8). Interventions combining mass and interpersonal methods resulted in positive improvements (four positive, one mixed). We found no evidence that interventions grounded in health behavior theory achieved more positive results than those not grounded in theory, potentially because net care education was typically asecondary objective. Of 289 gray literature results, 286 (99%) were net distribution reports from Against Malaria Foundation describing 136 distributions; eighty of which (58.8%) mentioned no education related to net care and repair. We found lack of involvement of experts in education among included interventions. Involving trained instructors with expertise in education theory and instructional strategies may improve instruction quality to yield more effective interventions.
FNED: A Deep Network for Fake News Early Detection on Social Media

The fast spreading of fake news stories on social media can cause inestimable social harm. Developing effective methods to detect them early is of paramount importance. A major challenge of fake news early detection is fully utilizing the limited data observed at the early stage of news propagation and then learning useful patterns from it for identifying fake news. In this article, we propose a novel deep neural network to detect fake news early. It has three novel components: (1) a status-sensitive crowd response feature extractor that extracts both text features and user features from combinations of users’ text response and their corresponding user profiles, (2) a position-aware attention mechanism that highlights important user responses at specific ranking positions, and (3) a multi-region mean-pooling mechanism to perform feature aggregation based on multiple window sizes. Experimental results on two real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed model can detect fake news with greater than 90% accuracy within 5 minutes after it starts to spread and before it is retweeted 50 times, which is significantly faster than state-of-the-art baselines. Most importantly, our approach requires only 10% labeled fake news samples to achieve this effectiveness under PU-Learning settings.
Heterogeneous assembly of water from the vapor phase—Physical experiments and simulations with binding trifunctional organosilanes at the vapor/solid interface

A trace amount of interfacial water is required to initiate hydrosilation reactions of trifunctional organosilanes to form surface assemblies. In recent studies, we have learned that water also has a critical role in directing molecular placement on surfaces because water can react with silicon to provide oxygenated sites for surface binding. Consequently, the wettability nature of substrates influences the placement and density of organosilane films formed by vapor-phase reactions. Nanopatterning protocols were designed using vapor-phase organosilanes and colloidal lithography to compare the wettability differences of hydrophilic mica(0001) compared to relatively hydrophobic Si(100) as a strategy for tracking the location of water on surfaces. The competition between hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains for the adsorption and coalescence of water condensed from vapor can be mapped indirectly by mapping the organosilanes, which bind to water at the solid interface, using atomic force microscopy. Trifunctional octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) was used as a marker molecule to map out the areas of the surface where water was deposited. The effect of systematic changes in film thickness and surface coverage of OTS was evaluated at the vapor/solid interface by adding an incremental amount of water to sealed reaction vessels to wet the surface and assessing the outcome after reaction with vapor-phase trichlorosilane. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations of the silicon–water vapor interface combined with electronic structure calculations of oxygenated silicon clusters with methyltrichlorosilane provided insight of the mechanism for surface binding, toward understanding the nature of the interface and wettability factors, which influence the association and placement of silane molecules on surfaces.
On two time-scales in linear systems with special reference to adaptive control

Abstract : A comparison is made of various methods presented in the literature for treating Linear systems with time-varying parameters. These variations are considered to arise both from small-amplitude signals of arbitrary frequency and also from signals which are much slower than the dominant signals of the system. Two time-domain approaches and one frequency-domain approach are shown to be equivalent, resulting in identical truncated series solutions, expressed in terms of a single time variable. The method is extended to the case where the slow variations are expressed as functions of a second-time-variable. The result is shown to be equivalent to a two time-scale approach described in the literature. A general unified approach is suggested encompassing all the above methods, whether for single- or double-time-scale series solutions. (Author)
Chromatographic Resolution of an Intracellular Calcium Influx Factor from Thapsigargin-activated Jurkat Cells EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES INFLUENCING CALCIUM ELEVATION IN XENOPUS OOCYTES

Abstract Acid extracts of thapsigargin-stimulated Jurkat cells revealed both intracellular and extracellular activities stimulating Ca-dependent Clcurrents on Xenopus laevis oocytes. Chromatographic fractionation of these extracts on gel filtration separated two active fractions of Mrapproximately 600 and 400. Moreover, the Mr600 fraction exhibited both intracellular and extracellular activities. However, the intracellular activity was absent from extracts of unstimulated Jurkat cells, suggesting its production was stimulated by thapsigargin. The further purification of this fraction by high performance thin layer chromatography resolved a single fraction which was active only on microinjection and which required calcium entry for activation of current responses. These results suggest that a single authentic calcium influx factor can be resolved by purification from confounding activities detected in crude acid extracts.
Dependent Randomized Rounding via Exchange Properties of Combinatorial Structures

We consider the problem of randomly rounding a fractional solution $x$ in an integer polytope $P \subseteq [0,1]^n$ to a vertex $X$ of $P$, so that $\E[X] = x$. Our goal is to achieve {\em concentration properties} for linear and sub modular functions of the rounded solution. Such dependent rounding techniques, with concentration bounds for linear functions, have been developed in the past for two polytopes: the assignment polytope (that is, bipartite matchings and $b$-matchings)~\cite{S01, GKPS06, KMPS09}, and more recently for the spanning tree polytope~\cite{AGMGS10}. These schemes have led to a number of new algorithmic results. In this paper we describe a new {\em swap rounding} technique which can be applied in a variety of settings including {\em matroids} and {\em matroid intersection}, while providing Chernoff-type concentration bounds for linear and sub modular functions of the rounded solution. In addition to existing techniques based on negative correlation, we use a martingale argument to obtain an exponential tail estimate for monotone sub modular functions. The rounding scheme explicitly exploits {\em exchange properties} of the underlying combinatorial structures, and highlights these properties as the basis for concentration bounds. Matroids and matroid intersection provide a unifying framework for several known applications~\cite{GKPS06, KMPS09, CCPV09, KST09, AGMGS10} as well as new ones, and their generality allows a richer set of constraints to be incorporated easily. We give some illustrative examples, with a more comprehensive discussion deferred to a later version of the paper.
Detection and Characterization of T Cells Specific for BDC2.5 T Cell-Stimulating Peptides

Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice expressing the BDC2.5 TCR transgene are useful for studying type 1 diabetes. Several peptides have been identified that are highly active in stimulating BDC2.5 T cells. Herein, we describe the use of I-Ag7 tetramers containing two such peptides, p79 and p17, to detect and characterize peptide-specific T cells. The tetramers could stain CD4(+) T cells in the islets and spleens of BDC2.5 transgenic mice. The percentage of CD4(+), tetramer(+) T cells increased in older mice, and it was generally higher in the islets than in the spleens. Our results also showed that tetAg7/p79 could stain a small population of CD4(+) T cells in both islets and spleens of NOD mice. The percentage of CD4(+), tetramer(+) T cells increased in cells that underwent further cell division after being activated by peptides. The avidity of TCRs on purified tetAg7/p79(+) T cells for tetAg7/p79 was slightly lower than that of BDC2.5 T cells. Although tetAg7/p79(+) T cells, like BDC2.5 T cells, secreted a large quantity of IFN-gamma, they were biased toward being IL-10-producing cells. Additionally, <3% of these cells expressed TCR Vbeta4. In vivo adoptive transfer experiments showed that NOD/scid recipient mice cotransferred with tetAg7/p79(+) T cells and NOD spleen cells, like mice transferred with NOD spleen cells only, developed diabetes. Therefore, we have generated Ag-specific tetramers that could detect a heterogeneous population of T cells, and a very small number of NOD mouse T cells may represent BDC2.5-like cells.
Neutral beam injector performance on the PLT and PDX tokamaks

An overall injector system description is presented first, and this will be followed by a detailed discussion of those problems unique to multiple injector operation on the tokamaks, i.e., power transmission, conditioning, reliability, and failures.