cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immune system function. Implications for critical care nursing practice.

An integral component of the knowledge base of critical care nursing is anatomy and physiology of body system functions. This article approaches the immune system from this perspective. The structural components and normal responses of natural defenses and the development of immunity are reviewed. Specific risk factors to normal body defenses associated with admission to and treatment within a critical care unit are discussed. The implications for critical care nursing practice with regard to patient assessment and enhancement of normal immune system function will also be addressed.
AVOIDANCE RESPONSES OF ESTUARINE ORGANISMS TO STORM WATER RUNOFF AND PULP MILL EFFLUENTS

ABSTRACT An integrated study was made to determine the relationship of laboratory avoidance reactions of estuarine organisms to specific pollutants and their actual distribution in the field. Experiments tested the reactions of juvenile and adult blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) to storm water runoff and low pH, and the avoidance responses of pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) to bleached kraft mill effluents (BKME). The field reactions of these organisms to point sources of such pollutants were monitored for relatively long periods in the Apalachicola and Apalachee Bay systems (north Florida). Juvenile and adult blue crabs avoided runoff water from clear-cut fields. They also avoided water with experimentally reduced levels of pH below 6.0. It was found that the low pH of the storm water runoff was a primary factor in the laboratory avoidance reaction of the crabs. However, field studies in areas directly affected by such runoff indicated that although adult blue crabs were usually not found in such water, juvenile crabs actually appeared in higher numbers in portions of the bay characterized by increased runoff and low pH. Although pinfish showed distinct laboratory avoidance responses to low levels of BKME (0.1%, volume/volume), their field distribution did not substantially change after a pollution abatement program was instituted. In this case, incomplete treatment and/or habitat destruction could have accounted for such findings. In both instances, however, it appears that factors other than avoidance response were contributory to the field distribution of the test species. It was considered that the field response of estuarine organisms to various forms of pollution was the product of complex physical and biological functions such as intraspecific and interspecific competition and predation, habitat alteration, and trophic response. It appears that laboratory studies without associated field information can lead to spurious conclusions.
Approaches to Understanding Phytochrome Regulation of Transcription in Lemna Gibba and Arabidopsis Thaliana

In order to understand the way in which phytochrome action can affect transcription of specific genes, we have undertaken a study of phytochrome regulated genes in Lemna gibba, an aquatic monocot. Additionally, we have examined phytochrome regulation of cab gene expression in Arabidopsis thaiiana, and we have devised selection schemes to isolate Arabidopsis mutants which affect the phytochrome signal transduction pathway leading to altered cab transcription. The ability to grow both these species of plants heterotrophically lends them an advantage compared to many other species in being able to separate the action of light on the phytochrome system from the other effects of light and darkness on plant growth and senescence.
Evolution of a Career: Psychologist of Religion Incognito

Thanks to Jacob Belzen for this invitation to reflect on how I became a “psychologist of religion.” I still remember a relatively new member of our faculty proclaiming some time ago “I always thought of you as ‘Fuller’s psychologist of religion,’” and feeling a little uneasy with the label. I have to admit that I never intended to become a psychologist, much less a psychologist of religion. Therein lies a tale, one that I welcome this opportunity to share.
Medicinal cannabis and painful sensory neuropathy.

There is increasing evidence that cannabis may represent a useful alternative or adjunct in the management of painful peripheral neuropathy, a condition that can markedly affect life quality.
The Venous System

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the venous system. Geometrical considerations show that veins have considerably thinner walls than arteries. From anatomic data in humans, their thickness-to-radius ratio can be calculated to be at least one-half that of arteries of equivalent size. The cross-sectional area of the venous network draining a particular region of tissues is larger than that of its corresponding arterial distribution network. From the structural point of view, the walls of blood vessels contain the same fundamental materials. However, the proportion and distribution of these materials vary considerably along the vessels of the circulatory system. The aorta, where most of the energy storage occurs during systole, shows a predominance of elastic tissue within a jacket of collagen fibers. As the arterial system branches toward the periphery, the energy storage function becomes less important, while the active regulation of diameter begins to take prevalence. The large total cross-sectional area of veins in comparison with arteries suggests that at equilibrium, the veins may not operate at their full capacity. This possibility in itself implies a significant volume storage function.
Salish Blankets: Robes of Protection and Transformation, Symbols of Wealth

Salish Blankets: Robes of Protection and Transformation, Symbols of Wealth is an extraordinary publication. The result of twelve years of collaboration among Canadian Museum of History Curator Lesl...
PREDICTORS OF BASELINE HISTORY OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AT THE TIME OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR IMPLANT AND ASSOCIATION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION WITH SUBSEQUENT CLINICAL OUTCOMES

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequently present in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). This study aims to identify predictors of a baseline history of AF in ICD recipients, and compare subsequent clinical outcomes in those with and without a baseline history of AF. We
Anticancer therapies associated with secondary cutaneous malignancies: A review of the literature

Recent advancements in anticancer therapy have produced an array of highly specialized therapeutics that prolong disease-free survival, improve tolerability of treatment, and individualize care. With improved treatments and longer survival, treatment-related toxicities are gaining importance. Dermatologic toxicities are common, with therapy-induced secondary cutaneous malignancies of the most frequent and serious for targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Often, these eruptive malignant lesions can be treatment limiting and detrimental to quality of life. As such, dermatologists play an important role in multidisciplinary oncologic care teams for surveillance and management of secondary cutaneous malignancies. Proactive dermatologic supervision yields early diagnosis and treatment of secondary cutaneous malignancies, which limits therapy discontinuation and thus optimizes treatment through both therapeutic achievement and overall well-being.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Formulation, Dose, and Route of Delivery.

Context This mini-review provides an overview of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, with a focus on the role of hormone formulation, dose, and route of delivery. Methods This summary is based on authors' knowledge in the field of menopausal HT and supplemented by a PubMed search using the terms "menopause hormone therapy," "transdermal," "estradiol," "conjugated estrogens," "bioidentical," "cardiovascular disease," "lipoproteins," "glucose," "progestogens," "low dose." Results Available evidence indicates that oral unopposed estrogens have a favorable effect on lipoprotein levels, glycemia, insulin, and CVD risk; however, the addition of progestogens blunts the lipid-related effects. The progestogen with the smallest attenuating effect is micronized progesterone. Transdermal estrogens have less effect on coagulation, inflammation, and lipids than oral estrogens and observational studies suggest they pose a lower risk of venous thromboembolism and stroke than oral estrogens. Clinical effects of hormones were not consistently dose dependent. Conclusions Although HT continues to have an important role in menopause management, it is not recommended for primary or secondary CVD prevention. Different formulations, doses, and routes of delivery of HT have different effects on cardiometabolic markers and risks of clinical CVD events. However, long-term trials evaluating clinical outcomes with transdermal and other alternate HT regimens are limited.
Janus particles as immiscible polymer blend compatibilizers: a review

Janus particles (JPs) have two distinct chemical and/or physical properties in one particle. This review is concerned with JPs’ applications in immiscible polymer blends. An overview of immiscible polymer blends and strategies used to compatibilize these blends will be given. We will then briefly review synthesis techniques used to produce JPs and finally comprehensively discuss the literature on JPs used to compatibilized immiscible polymer blends. Because JPs offer significant advantages over other compatibilization techniques as described in this review, we believe that this emerging area will see significant growth in the future.
Performance Expectancy of Officiating Technology in Spector-Based Sport Events: Scale Development and Validation:

In an effort to decrease the number of missed calls and to improve officiating during sport events, various sports leagues have implemented media technology (e.g., Video Assistant Referee, Hawk-Eye...
Insights into the adipose stem cell niche in health and disease

Abstract Stem cell self-renewal and differentiation are supported by the neighboring microenvironment, which is referred to as the stem cell “niche.” The adipose tissue stem cell niche comprises multiple cell types that regulate adipocyte precursor function, including endothelial cells, immune cells, mural cells, and adipocytes that interact directly or indirectly with adipocyte precursors to control their self-renewal or differentiation into adipocytes. We are only beginning to understand the mechanisms by which the niche is maintained and coordinated to support adipocyte precursor function, which is critical for proper regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis. An understanding of adipocyte precursor renewal and differentiation is particularly challenging for human studies owing to the lack of appropriate surface receptors for their identification, suitable culture conditions for ex vivo expansion, and the inability to perform many types of in vivo studies as are performed in rodent models. This chapter will review the current state of knowledge concerning adipocyte precursors within the adipose stem cell niche, including their identification, cell–cell interactions, factors that promote their renewal and commitment toward adipocytes, and the changes they undergo during obesity and aging.
The Development of an Interdisciplinary and Integrated Model of Occupational Safety

Background:Occupational safety and health professionals facilitate safer workplaces through the development and implementation of interventions. Empirically validated theories can enhance the likel...
Some Physical Processes in Dusty Plasmas

Ionized gases containing fine (μm to sub-μm sized) charged dust grains, referred to as dusty plasmas, occur in diverse cosmic and laboratory environments. Dust occurs in many space and astrophysical environments, including planetary rings, comets, the Earth's ionosphere, and interstellar molecular clouds. Dust also occurs in laboratory plasmas, including processing plasmas, and crystallized dusty plasmas. Charged dust can lead to various effects in a plasma. In this review, some physical processes in dusty plasmas are discussed, with an emphasis on applications to dusty plasmas in space. This includes theoretical work on several wave instabilities, the role of dust as an electron source, and Coulomb crystals of positively charged dust.
The most good you can do : how effective altruism is changing ideas about living ethically

Peter Singer's books and ideas have been disturbing our complacency ever since the appearance of Animal Liberation. Now he directs our attention to a new movement in which his own ideas have played a crucial role: effective altruism. Effective altruism is built upon the simple but profound idea that living a fully ethical life involves doing the "most good you can do." Such a life requires an unsentimental view of charitable giving: to be a worthy recipient of our support, an organization must be able to demonstrate that it will do more good with our money or our time than other options open to us. Singer introduces us to an array of remarkable people who are restructuring their lives in accordance with these ideas, and shows how living altruistically often leads to greater personal fulfillment than living for oneself. The Most Good You Can Do develops the challenges Singer has made, in the New York Times and Washington Post, to those who donate to the arts, and to charities focused on helping our fellow citizens, rather than those for whom we can do the most good. Effective altruists are extending our knowledge of the possibilities of living less selfishly, and of allowing reason, rather than emotion, to determine how we live. The Most Good You Can Do offers new hope for our ability to tackle the world's most pressing problems.
Supervising Unethical Sales Force Behavior: How Strong is the Tendency to Treat Top Sales Performers Leniently?

Findings from prior research show that there is a general tendency to discipline top sales performers more leniently than poor sales performers for engaging in identical forms of unethical selling behavior. In this study, the authors attempt to uncover moderating factors that could override this general tendency and bring about more equal discipline for top sales performers and poor sales performers. Surprisingly, none were found. A company policy stating that the behavior in question was unacceptable nor a repeated pattern of unethical behavior offset the general tendency to treat top sales performers more leniently than poor sales performers. In an attempt to dig deeper to find a significant moderating effect, two follow-up experiments were conducted. In the first follow-up experiment, a specific training program designed to communicate top management's desire to treat ethical matters equally based on the severity of the act had no effect on equalizing the discipline between top sales performers and poor sales performers. In the second follow-up experiment, a stronger company policy that specified a prescribed level of punishment also failed to equalize the discipline. A superior sales performance record appears to induce more lenient forms of discipline, despite the presence of other factors and managerial actions that are specifically instituted to produce more equal forms of discipline. The answer to the question posed in the article title is, "apparently very strong!"
Design and operation of optical WDM networks with many-to-many traffic grooming

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.
Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Ball-Joint-Like Variable-Reluctance Spherical Motor

This paper presents the dynamic modeling and the control strategy of an interesting three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) variable-reluctance (VR) spherical motor which offers some attractive features by combining pitch, roll, and yaw motion in a single joint. Both the forward dynamics which determine the motion as a result of activating the electromagnetic coils and the inverse model which determine the coil excitations required to generate the desired torque are derived. The model represents the first detailed study on the inverse dynamic, and yet, permits a spectrum of design configurations to be analyzed. The solution to the forward dynamics of the spherical motor is unique but the inverse model may have multiple solutions and therefore an optimal choice is required. The control strategy of a VR spherical motor consists of two puts; namely, the control of the rotor dynamic in terms of the actuating torque, and the determination of the optimal inputs for the required torque. An optimal choice is determined from an unconstrained optimization problem. The implementation issues in determining the optimal control input vector in real-time are also addressed.
Parameter Estimation Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method in Mechanistic Modeling of Tool Wear During Milling

Several models have been proposed to describe the relationship between cutting parameters and machining outputs such as cutting forces and tool wear. However, these models usually cannot be generalized, due to the inherent uncertainties that exist in the process. These uncertainties may originate from machining, workpiece material composition, and measurements. A stochastic approach can be utilized to compensate for the lack of certainty in machining, particularly for tool wear evolution. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is a powerful tool for addressing uncertainties in machining parameter estimation. The Hybrid Metropolis-Gibbs algorithm has been chosen in this work to estimate the unknown parameters in a mechanistic tool wear model for end milling of difficult-to-machine alloys. The results show a good potential of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo modeling in prediction of parameters in the presence of uncertainties.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Three-dimensional structure of dendritic spines in the rat neostriatum

Dendritic spines of rat neostriatal neurons were examined by light microscopy and high voltage stereo electron microscopy (HVEM) following selective staining by intracellular microinjection of horseradish peroxidase. Conventionally prepared material also was used for quantitative analysis of dendritic spines from serial thin sections of neostriatum. Stereo electron microscopy of semithin sections from rat neostriatum fixed using a protocol designed to preserve cytoskeletal integrity was employed to examine the organization of the dendritic spine cytoplasm. Light microscopic and HVEM examination of spiny dendrites and quantitative analysis of serial thin sections from normal material revealed no distinct spine types but rather continuous and independent variation of spine head diameter, stalk diameter, and stalk length. Likewise, there was no systematic relationship between any of these spine dimensions and dendritic diameter. Spine head membrane surface area was directly related to the area of the synaptic junctional membrane of the spine head. In semithin sections, the cytoplasm of the spine contained membranous saccules of spine apparatus and a delicate cytoskeletal network composed of microfilaments and a set of finer and more variable cytoskeletal filaments. It is proposed that this cytoskeletal network together with the spine apparatus is responsible for the maintenance and alteration of spine shape and in this way controls the effectiveness of axospinous synapses.
A PERSPECTIVE ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN THE OLIGOTROPHIC OCEANS: HYPOTHESES CONCERNING ALTERNATE ROUTES OF ELECTRON FLOW1

Many regions of the open, oligotrophic oceans are depleted of nutrients, especially nitrogen and iron. The biogenesis and the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus may be specialized and tailored to the various marine habitats. In this minireview, we discuss some new findings with respect to photosynthetic processes in the oceans. We focus on findings that suggest that some cyanobacteria may route electrons derived from the splitting of H2O to the reduction of O2 and H+ in a water-to-water cycle, and that other cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen during the day are likely missing PSII and enzymes involved in the fixation of inorganic carbon. Both of these proposed “variant” forms of photosynthetic electron flow provide new insights into ways in which marine phytoplankton satisfy their energetic and nutritive requirements.
Modular design of the segmentation unit of hierarchical computer vision systems

This paper describes a systematic approach to the design of the segmentation or lower-level processing unit of a general-purpose computer vision system. It is developed within the context of the human visual system and mathematical pattern recognition theory. The eventual goal of the research is to integrate these two concepts to obtain the visually distinct segments of an image, which have vital importance for the interpretation or higher-level processing unit of a vision system. A new computational (pattern recognition) technique is proposed in accordance with the human color perception. It operates in unsupervised mode without using any training prototypes or requiring a priori knowledge about the input scenes. However, it can also be implemented in supervised mode by means of including external knowledge. In order to obtain a set of features most useful for a particular image, a new feature extraction method is devised in the form of a reference feature library. It is a statistical-structural technique which combines the spatial and spectral information in the local image areas.
STELLAR POPULATIONS OF ULTRAVIOLET-SELECTED ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI HOST GALAXIES AT z ∼ 2-3 ∗

We use stellar population synthesis modeling to analyze the host-galaxy properties of a sample of 33 UV-selected, narrow-lined active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z ~ 2-3. In order to quantify the contribution of AGN emission to host galaxy broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we use the subsample of 11 AGNs with photometric coverage spanning from rest-frame UV through near-IR wavelengths. Modeling the SEDs of these objects with a linear combination of stellar population and AGN templates, we infer the effect of the AGN on derived stellar population parameters. We also estimate the typical bias in derived stellar populations for AGNs lacking rest-frame near-IR wavelength coverage, and develop a method for inferring the true host-galaxy properties. We compare AGN host-galaxy properties to those of a sample of UV-selected, star-forming non-AGNs in the same redshift range, including a subsample carefully matched in stellar mass. Although the AGNs have higher masses and star-formation rates than the full non-active sample, their stellar population properties are consistent with those of the mass-selected sample, suggesting that the presence of an AGN is not connected with the cessation of star formation activity in star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2-3. We suggest that a correlation between M_(BH) and galaxy stellar mass is already in place at this epoch. Assuming a roughly constant Eddington ratio for AGNs at all stellar masses, we are unable to detect the AGNs in low-mass galaxies because they are simply too faint.
Solvability of semilinear equations with strong nonlinearities and applications to elliptic problems

Solvability of two classes of semilinear equations involving strongly nonlinear perturbations of type (M) with respect to two Banach spaces is established. An application to elliptic BV problems is also given
Interpolation In a Complex Spectrum: Fast Versus Slow Fourier Transforms

Frequency domain processing is often used because of the Ipeed bf the fast Fourier transform and the existence of array ~ocessors, as well as for other theoretical advantages. Because ‘ast Fourier transforms compute spectra at regular frequency ntervals only, one is often faced with the need for complex in,erpolation to obtain spectral values at other frequencies. This japer compares the accuracy of an F-K migration algorithm, rsing two and four point. complex sine interpolation formulae with that that employing exact computation not using the fast rouricr transform algorithm Noise generation and run times tre compared. As might be expected, the precise method is lower, but generates less spurious noise. However, the use )f supercomputers is becoming common in seismic processng and significant increases in speed are to be expected in .he near future. Thus the more significant aspect would seem ,o be accuracy, for which no gain in speed can compensate. t is therefore predicted that, for frequency domain processing ;uch as that considered in this paper, the slower digital Fourier ransform may be preferable to the fast Fourier transform be:ause of the approximation necessary in the interpolation in a :omplex spectrum.
Cytokine and growth factor receptors in the nucleus: what's up with that?

Signaling via cell surface receptors that are anchored by a single transmembrane domain is a well-established paradigm. Ligand binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor facilitates receptor dimerization, which juxtaposes the intracellular domains, typically activating intrinsic or associated kinases. Two large families of tyrosine kinase activating receptors have been particularly well characterized: the receptor-type protein tyrosine kinases and the receptors for the α-helical cytokines, which activate non-covalently bound JAK family tyrosine kinases. Despite the well-established function of these receptors at the cell surface, both intact and cleaved receptors belonging to these families have been repeatedly detected in the nucleus. Furthermore, there is evidence that some of these receptors or receptor fragments function directly in modulating gene transcription. In this essay, I examine how close we are to demonstrating that direct translocation of receptors, or receptor fragments, from the cell surface to the nucleus is a physiologically relevant means of intracellular signaling that can supplant or complement canonical signaling cascades. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of diverse androgens on the sexual behavior and morphology of castrated male quail.

Abstract Castrated male Japanese quail were injected for 15 days with 1 mg/day of testosterone propionate (TP), testosterone (T), androstenedione (AE), androsterone (AO), 5α-dihydrotestosterone benzoate (5α-DHTB), or 5β-dihydrotestosterone (5β-DHT), or with oil. Copulation was activated to a significant extent only by TP and T. Strutting was activated only by TP, T, and AE. Proctodeal (foam) glands were well-developed in birds injected with TP, T, AE, or 5α-DHTB. Additional data were obtained following implantation of pellets of crystalline T, AE, AO, or 5α-DHT. T pellets activated copulation, but AO and 5α-DHT pellets did not. Effects of AE require further study. These results suggest that conversion of androgen to estrogen is necessary for the activation of copulation in the male quail.
Selection of an optimal portfolio with stochastic volatility and discrete observations

We give a numerical method to calculate the optimal selfnancing portfolio of stock and risk-free asset to maximize the wealth's expected future utility, in the case of stochastic volatility and discrete observations: the portfolio stock allocation is only allowed to change discretely in time at xed time intervals. We use a particleltering and Monte-Carlo-type algorithm, which we implement forward in time in the case of power utility.
The influence of posture on the electrocardiogram

Abstract Series of electrocardiograms were taken on ten normal subjects before, during, and after passive tilting (feet down) to the upright (75°) position. The outstanding changes were an increase in the amplitude of the P wave in Leads II and III, a decrease in the amplitude of the T wave in all leads, a shift of the average QRS axis to the right and of the average T axis to the left, and a decrease in the QRST area. It is suggested that the variations which occurred immediately after the assumption of the upright position were the result of a shift in the position of the heart and an alteration in its contacts with neighboring tissues. It is also suggested that, when further changes occurred during the maintenance of the upright position, they were due primarily to the increased sympathetic activity occasioned by the decreased venous return and consequent relative cerebral anoxia.
Complete basis set, Gaussian, and hybrid density functional theory evaluation of the proton affinities of water and ammonia

Abstract Using Dunning’s basis set saturation approach, electronic energies for proton affinities for both ammonia and water were evaluated with hybrid density functional theory methods. It was demonstrated that the zero-point vibrational correction for both of these proton affinities computed at the B3LYP/6-311G(2d,2p) theory level is identical to the values obtained from experimental data and some other theoretical studies. Thus, computed proton affinities for ammonia and water are in excellent agreement with values obtained by G2 and CBSQ ab initio computational studies. The final proton affinity values are 201.8 kcal/mol for ammonia and 162.4 kcal/mol for water. These calculated values are 2–3 kcal/mol below the experimental values for ammonia and water, suggesting that these values might be too high.
The effects of furniture arrangement on the behavior of geriatric patients

The effects of different arrangements of furniture on the behavior of a group of hospitalized geriatric patients were studied over a 19-week period. Of the 14 behaviors observed, only talking changed systematically across all experimental conditions.
The evaluation of IT ethical scenarios using a multidimensional scale

Concerns about the increased use and abuse of information technology have evolved into more formalized evaluations of computer ethics in many organizations. While ethical situations regarding computer usage, privacy, and ownership have been previously researched by focusing on ethics as a holistic construct, recent ethics research has produced an ethics scale which measures not one but three dimensions of ethics: moral equity, relativism, and contractualism. The purpose of this research is to extend previous research in which computer users evaluated ethics using a single item. The authors utilize a multidimensional scale that identifies the ethical rule or principle that was violated. They then compare the unidimensional scale to the multidimensional scale and discuss the tradeoffs involved in adding scale items.
Qualitative identification of alloys by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy can be used to identify alloy types quickly and, in many cases, to distinguish between alloy systems within a certain alloy type. Characteristic X-rays of major components in an alloy are produced through excitation by an isotopic source. Ratios of the X-ray intensities of a pair of elements are plotted vs. ratios of the theoretical weight fractions of these elements. This provides a unique data point which is a function of the composition of the particular alloy system. In some cases, characteristic X-rays of minor constituents are used for total identification.
The effect of two isomeric octadecenoic acids on the lipid metabolism and growth of Novikoff hepatoma cells.

The origin and metabolism of octadecenoic acid (18 : 1) was examined in intact Novikoff rat hepatoma cells by using labeled precursors and two isomeric octadecenoic acids which differed in their abilities to stimulate cell growth in a serum-free medium. The isomers (ci-6-18 : 1 and cis-9-18 : 1) were measured in the cellular lipid by ozonolysis and reduction of the ozonides. The results indicate that the 18 : 1 fatty acid accumulated in the cell lipid by uptake of the preformed acid from the medium. The cis-9-18 : 1 to 16 : 1 and 20 : 1 fatty acids by chain shortening and chain elongation. Both isomers inhibited de novo fatty acid synthesis from acetate by cells suspended in a serum-free medium. The isomers did not exert coordinate control of both fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis in the Novikoff cells.
Revolutionary in Counter-Revolutionary Times: Elaborating Fanonian National Consciousness into the Twenty-First Century

One of the unique challenges of reading Les damnes de la terre ( The Wretched of the Earth ) today is that while it is an irredeemably revolutionary text, we live in a counter-revolutionary moment or in a global context that has tried very hard to discredit even the possibility of revolution. Fanon’s text does not only narrate the effective undertaking of an anti-colonial struggle—of what is required for people to identify the actual causes of their alienation and unfreedom and together to will their elimination—it also outlines the various, often dialectical challenges of restructuring a society from the bottom up. Guiding and evident in the latter is the flourishing of what Fanon suggestively called national consciousness . Elaborating its meaning and ongoing usefulness is the focus of this essay.
Two-tier hierarchical cyber-physical security analysis framework for smart grid

We propose a two-tier hierarchical cyber-physical framework for analyzing transient stability in the smart grid in the face of cyber-physical attack. We model the smart grid as a networked multi-agent dynamical system in which each agent includes multiple generators, measurement devices and local control. The agents interact with each other through cyber-physical integrated coordination and the generators within the same agent interact through the physical couplings. We present a cyber-physical flocking-based protocol to address the issue of system faults. We extend this work to derive a spectral matrix based generator coherency identification algorithm to analyze the coherency amongst synchronized generators after fault clearing. Generators with high coherency are grouped in an agent while those with low coherency form another. For each agent, the generator having highest inertia is selected as the lead component. In order to reduce the required communication and energy of the control protocol, cyber interaction between agents is realized by coupling only lead generators. By using our developed flocking-based protocol, all the lead generators achieve consensus to the desired nominal frequency and their phase angles achieve phase cohesiveness. Subsequently secondary generators within each agent are able track these stabilizing lead dynamics due to strong physical couplings. Simulation results are presented to support the proposed framework.
Alternative Methods for CPS Income Imputation

Abstract The U.S. Bureau of the Census imputes missing income items in the income supplement of the Current Population Survey (CPS) by a technique commonly known as the CPS hot deck. This article compares CPS hot deck imputations of wages and salary amounts with alternatives based on regression models for the logarithm of wages and salary and for the wage rate. Comparisons are effected by comparing imputations with an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) wages and salary amount found by an exact match of CPS data to IRS records. Although limitations in the matching and in the comparison variable preclude a definitive conclusion, we find that (a) the CPS hot deck does not underestimate income aggregates to any serious extent; (b) model-based alternatives have slightly smaller mean absolute error than the hot deck, when comparable data bases of respondents are used to carry out imputations; and (c) multivariate models for imputing recipiency, weeks and hours worked, and earnings need to be developed to provide re...
Quality Initiatives in Head and Neck Cancer

A growing national health care initiative is gathering momentum to improve the quality of care for all Americans. Efforts to establish, monitor, and reward quality care have therefore been extensive. The Institute of Medicine has established that a large proportion of individuals do not receive recommended cancer care for their stage of disease, and that quality of care metrics should be established to decrease inappropriate care (overuse, under use, or wrong use). The American Head and Neck Society has been instrumental in developing quality measures for two of the most common head and neck cancers and in promoting adherence to these measures to improve quality of care for all patients.
Oral phytonadione in neonatal hypoprothrombinemia.

Summary Orally administered phytonadione in doses of 2 mg. of an emulsion given in a dextrose feeding formula on the first day of life is as effective as menadiol sodium biphosphate given intramuscularly in doses of 2.5 mg. in preventing abnormal elevations of the prothrombin time during the first five neonatal days. This same dose of phytonadione rapidly and effectively reduced to normal limits the abnormally high prothrombin times of 9 of a control group of 52 newborn infants who had not received any form of vitamin K.
On incidence coloring and star arboricity of graphs

Abstract In this note we show that the concept of incidence coloring introduced by Brualdi and Massey [4] is a special case of directed star arboricity, introduced by Agor and Alon [2]. A conjecture in [4] concerning asymptotics of the incidence coloring number is solved in the negative following an example in [2]. We generalize a result in [3] concerning the star arboricity of graphs to the directed case by a slight modification of their proof, to give the same asymptotic bound as in the undirected case. As a result, we get tight asymptotic bounds for the maximum incidence coloring number of a graph in terms of its degree.
Effect of Training Japanese L1 Speakers in the Production of American English /r/ Using Spectrographic Visual Feedback

The present study examines the effects of training native Japanese speakers in the production of American /r/ using spectrographic visual feedback. Within a modified single-subject design, two native Japanese participants produced single words containing /r/ in a variety of positions while viewing live spectrographic feedback with the aim of producing /r/ with a third formant (F3) frequency of less than 2300 Hz (upper threshold for identifiable /r/). Feedback was gradually reduced to promote independent production and monitoring. Both participants showed improvement in /r/ production in trained and untrained single words as indicated by percentage increases and effect sizes. Blind ratings by independent experts indicated significant /r/ production improvements during the reading of the Rainbow Passage. Perceptual distinction of /r/ and /l/ in minimal pairs also showed an upward trend. These findings suggest that spectrographic visual feedback is a promising method for training /r/ to Japanese-speaking Eng...
Genetics of cell fusion: human chromosome 10 assignment of a gene (FUSE) that promotes polykaryocyte formation.

FUSE, a human gene which promotes polykaryocyte formation, has been identified and examined in cocultivation assays between rat XC cells and human-mouse hybrids retaining different combinations of human chromosomes. Polykaryocyte formation was never detected when parental cells of hybrids were cocultivated with XC cells. Somatic genetic synteny analysis employing different hybrid sets demonstrated thatFUSE was coexpressed with the chromosome 10 markers glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOTs) and an external membrane protein (EMP-130). Cytogenetic analysis confirmed this assignment to human chromosome 10.FUSE was expressed by hybrids made with both human leukocytes and fibroblasts from several individuals, indicating the gene is found in different tissues and may be ubiquitous. Only XC cells were involved in polykaryocyte formation as demonstrated by 33258 Hoechst staining and the absence of heteropolymers between rat and cell hybrid multimeric enzymes. Evidence suggests that the geneFUSE produces a nondiffusible and noninfectious product that is associated with the human-mouse hybrid surface.
Preparation and melting of amorphous silicon by molecular-dynamics simulations

Molecular-dynamics simulations of amorphous silicon are described, using the two- and three-body interaction potentials constructed by Stillinger and Weber. The amorphous-material preparation procedure is described and the structural and dynamical properties of the amorphous phase are simulated and analyzed. The characteristics of the simulated amorphous phase compare favorably with experimental data and with structural models. Upon rapid heating, the amorphous sample melts via a first-order transition at a temperature of 230 K below the melting temperature of the crystalline material with a latent heat approximately equal to 0.2\char21{}0.4 of the latent heat of the crystalline-liquid transition. The nature of the transition and the magnitude of the latent heat maintain, but shift to a lower temperature, for melting of fully relaxed amorphous configurations at elevated temperatures.
13C-13C dipolar recoupling under very fast magic angle spinning in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance: Applications to distance measurements, spectral assignments, and high-throughput secondary-structure determination

A technique is presented to recouple homonuclear dipolar couplings between dilute spin pairs such as 13C–13C systems under very fast magic angle spinning (MAS) in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The presented technique, finite pulse rf driven recoupling (fpRFDR), restores homonuclear dipolar interactions based on constructive usage of finite pulse-width effects in a phase- and symmetry-cycled π-pulse train in which a rotor-synchronous π pulse is applied every rotation period. The restored effective dipolar interaction has the form of a zero-quantum dipolar Hamiltonian for static solids, whose symmetry in spin space is different from that obtained by conventional rf driven recoupling (RFDR) techniques. It is demonstrated that the efficiency of recoupling by fpRFDR is not strongly dependent on chemical shift differences or resonance offsets in contrast to previous recoupling methods under very fast MAS. To realize distance measurements without effects of spin relaxation, a constan...
Monitoring Sea Level Changes

Future sea level rise arouses concern because of potentially deleterious impacts to coastal regions. These will stem not only from the loss of land through inundation and erosion, but also from increased frequency of storm floods, with a rising base level, even with no change in storm climatology, and from saltwater intrusion and greater amounts of waterlogging. Current sea level trends are important in formulating an accurate baseline for future projections. Sea level, furthermore, is an important parameter which integrates a number of oceanic and atmospheric processes. The ocean surface demonstrates considerable variability on diurnal, seasonal, and interannual time scales, induced by winds, storm waves, coastal upwelling, and geostrophic currents. Secular trends in sea level arise from changes in global mean temperature and also from crustal deformation on local to regional scales. The challenge facing researchers is how best to extract the climate signal from this noise.
Social inhibition in immersive virtual environments

We assessed the utility of using immersive virtual environment (IVE) technology for social psychological research by attempting to replicate two classic social influence effects. Specifically, we sought to replicate the classic social facilitation/inhibition effects wherein individuals' performance on a task is affected by the presence of others. Within an IVE, participants mastered one of two tasks and subsequently performed the mastered or nonmastered task either alone or in the presence of a virtual human audience whom they were led to believe were either computer-controlled agents or human-controlled avatars. Those performing in the presence of avatars demonstrated classic social inhibition performance impairment effects relative to those performing alone or in the presence of agents. We discuss important elements involved in the experience of social influence within immersive virtual environments.
Post-Traumatic Ulnar Artery Thrombosis: Outcome of Arterial Reconstruction Using Reverse Interpositional Vein Grafting at 2 Years Minimum Follow-Up

Purpose Treatment of posttraumatic symptomatic ulnar artery thrombosis (UAT) is controversial. This study reports the outcome at 2 years minimum follow-up of a uniform approach using reversed interpositional vein grafting to treat symptomatic patients with UAT. Methods The records of all patients with vascular disease of the upper extremity who were revascularized at the authors' institution were retrospectively reviewed, and the following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) arteriographically proven UAT treated with excision of the involved segment and reversed interpositional vein grafting; (2) absence of collagen vascular disease, coagulopathy, or peripheral vascular disease, (3) minimum follow-up of 24 months. Twelve patients (13 hands) were identified and evaluated before surgery and at final follow-up using the following health-related quality of life outcome instruments: (1) McCabe cold sensitivity severity scale, (2) McGill visual analog pain scale, (3) Levine symptom and function scale, and (4) Wake Forest University symptom scale (pain, numbness, and cold intolerance). Digital microvascular perfusion testing (laser Doppler perfusion imaging and isolated cold stress testing) was also performed, and the final test was compared with 28 normal controls. All patients were evaluated for graft patency as determined by Allen's testing and/or Doppler ultrasound. Results Ten of the 13 grafts were patent at final follow-up (77% patency rate). In all the patients with patent grafts, the Levine symptom scale, the McGill visual analog pain scale, the McCabe cold sensitivity severity scale, and the isolated cold stress testing responses of the patients were significantly improved at final follow-up. Isolated cold stress testing responses were not different from those of normal controls. The changes in the Levine function scale, Wake Forest University scale, and laser Doppler perfusion imaging were not significant. In the nonpatent grafts (3 of 13), 2 patients still complained of pain, numbness, and cold sensitivity, whereas 1 patient has minimal symptoms and continues to improve. Conclusions Successful arterial reconstruction in symptomatic posttraumatic UAT decreases symptoms, improves function and microvascular physiology, and has a positive effect on the health-related quality of life. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Density predicts the activity-dependent failure load of proximal femora with defects.

Objective. To determine whether the load-bearing capacity of human proximal femora with metastatic defects can be predicted from the bone mineral content. Design. The bone mineral content (BMC) of the total proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The femurs were loaded so as to simulate stair ascent or external rotation. Patients. Simulated lytic defects were created using specialized cutting tools in the intertrochanteric region of 32 human cadaveric femora. Bone density measurements were made before and after creating defects. Results. A linear relation could be used to predict failure load from BMC or bone mineral density. The slope of the linear relation was greater for loads representing external rotation than for loads representing stair ascent. The linear relations suggest that the BMC measurements account for both the density of the host bone and the amount of bone removed by the defect. Conclusions. The data suggest that between 70% and 80% of the variation in failure load of human femora with lytic metastatic defects can be predicted from the BMC and that relations between BMC and failure load are sensitive to the type of loading. Combined with information on the loads associated with the activities of daily living, these data may be used to help identify patients in whom prophylactic stabilization might prevent a pathologic fracture.