cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Moderately Increased and Variable Raceway Flow Rates on Juvenile Physiology, Survival, and Adult Return of Hatchery-Reared Chinook Salmon

Abstract Increasing hatchery raceway flow to a rate similar to that seen in nature exercises salmon in the expectation that improving swimming ability will result in better survival. However, insufficient water prevents most hatcheries from fully simulating natural stream currents. We examined the effect of moderate and seasonally variable flow rates (0.25–0.75 body lengths/s) on growth and physiology of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and their ability to withstand acute stress, survive downstream migration, and return as adults. Changes in salmon growth, condition, and hematocrit followed similar patterns and did not substantially vary between treatments or cohorts. Patterns of change in plasma glucose levels were also similar for each treatment. Hepatosomatic index was higher in the 1994 cohort than in the 1995 cohort and in the exercised salmon. Liver glycogen levels were higher in the 1995 cohort. Plasma glucose and cortisol levels increased after stress and were greater in the contr...
New microcrystalline hard magnets in a Co-Zr-B alloy system

The glass formability and magnetic properties of rapidly solidified Co-Zr-B alloys were investigated in the composition range Co/sub 80/Zr/sub x/B/sub 20-x/ (2 >
Academic/Industry Challenges for Medical Device Development

A Clinical and Translational Science Awards Industry Forum titled “Promoting Efficient and Effective Collaborations Among Academia, Government, and Industry” was held in February 2010. A workshop at this forum was organized to discuss ways to promote medical device innovation. Specific challenges to the device development process were identified, as well as practical ways to address some of these issues.
The Utility of the Integrated Design of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to Inform Mortality Related Studies

The analytic capacity of surveys can be dramatically enhanced through the linkage to existing secondary data sources at higher levels of aggregation as well as through direct matches to additional health and socio-economic measures acquired for the same set of sample units from other sources of survey specific or administrative data. In this presentation, the capacity of an integrated survey design to enhance longitudinal analyses focused on mortality studies is discussed. Examples are drawn from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), designed to produce estimates of health care utilization, expenditures, sources of payment, and insurance coverage of the US population. Analyses are conducted to examine differentials in pre-dispositional factors that distinguish a representative sample of decedents from their surviving counterparts and to assess the relationship between antecedent health and health care related factors and mortality. The relationship between medical expenditure levels over time and mortality is also examined to illustrate the enhanced set of longitudinal analyses that can be undertaken. The views expressed are those of the author and no official endorsement by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the Department of Health and Human Services is intended or should be inferred. All tables can be obtained from the author upon request.
Fluorescent phospholipids preferentially accumulate in sub-tegumental cells of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosomes do not make sterols or fatty acids de novo and thus require host lipids for survival. The acquisition of host lipids may also be an important factor in the schistosome9s defense from host immunity; however, little is known about the regulation of this process. Here we have examined binding of radiolabeled and fluorescently labeled liposomes to schistosomula, and followed incorporation of fluorescent phospholipids into the worm by both morphological and biochemical methods. Saturable binding of radiolabeled phosphatidylcholine containing liposomes was observed and epifluorescence microscopy showed binding of C6-NBD-phosphatidylcholine (C6-NBD-PC), C12-NBD-phosphatidylcholine (C12-NBD-PC) and C6-NBD-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (C6-NBD-PE) containing liposomes on the surface of the parasite. Following back-exchange with unlabeled liposomes, NBD-PC and NBD-PE were observed to be preferentially incorporated into specific cell types within the worm. Furthermore, cells which had accumulated the fluorescent lipid formed an interconnecting cellular network immediately below the tegument, identified as cytons. By contrast, fluorescein-PE was found only on the surface of the parasite and in the gut but not in the cytons. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that > 90% of the C6-NBD-PC and C12-NBD-PC remained as the intact molecule after a one hour incubation with the parasite, but that greater than 70% of the NBD-PE was converted to other lipids. These studies demonstrate that incorporation of phospholipid analogs into schistosomula can be followed morphologically and biochemically. As there was little localization of NBD-PE or NBD-PC in the gut, these analogs must be assimilated by crossing the tegument.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract 432: The Atypical Cadherin Fat1 Suppresses Mitochondrial Function to Control Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth After Vascular Injury

In response to vascular injury, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) undergo phenotypic switching, with enhanced cell cycle entry and migration, and loss of contractile protein expression. Previously, we found that the atypical cadherin Fat1 is upregulated in SMCs after vascular injury. In cultured SMCs, Fat1 is induced by growth factor stimulation, but limits SMC proliferation. Recently, we found that Fat1 species accumulate in SMC mitochondria and interact with critical proteins, including Complex I subunits. The factors governing and significance of mitochondrial activity during SMC response to vascular injury are unclear. We hypothesized that Fat1 controls mitochondrial activity to regulate SMC growth. In cultured SMCs, loss of Fat1 increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (24.8±2.2 vs. 48.1±5.4 pMoles/min, WT vs. Fat1 knockout (KO), p<0.001, n=10), maximal respiratory capacity (35.8±3.4 vs. 55.4±5.4 pMoles/min, WT vs. KO, p<0.01, n=10), oxygen consumed for ATP production (13.1±1 vs. 27.3±3.3 pM...
Sixty Minutes of Physical Activity per Day Included Within Preschool Academic Lessons Improves Early Literacy.

BACKGROUND The effects of increases in physical activity (PA) on early literacy skills in preschool children are not known. METHODS Fifty-four African-American preschool children from a low socioeconomic urban Head Start participated over 8 months. A 2-group, quasi-experimental design was used with one preschool site participating in the PA intervention and a second site participating as the control site. The PA program was designed to promote 300 minutes/week of moderate to vigorous PA academic lessons. Academic achievement related to early literacy and phonological awareness in the areas of rhyming and alliteration were assessed at baseline, 4 and 8 months. RESULTS Over 8 months, rhyming significantly (p < .01) improved in the PA group (173±12%) compared with the controls (28 ± 8%) resulting in between group differences at 8 months (p < .01). Alliteration significantly (p < .01) improved in the PA group (52 ± 16%) compared with controls (13 ± 5%), resulting in between group differences at 8 months (p < .01). As minutes of exposure to moderate to vigorous PA increased, the change in picture naming (R2 = .35, p < .05), alliteration (R2 = .38, p < .05), and rhyming (R2 = .42, p < .05), increased. CONCLUSION A teacher-directed PA program is effective at increasing PA and improving early literacy.
Surrender to Morality as the Morality of Surrender

“Surrender” figures in two ways in this title. In “surrender to morality” the word refers to an experience or state of being, but in the “morality of surrender” it refers to an idea, a theory — the theory of surrender. Surrender as an experience is the most immediate contact with the topic being studied, or a situation or individual being encountered. It is cognitive love, implying total involvement, identification, the importance of everything that comes to the attention of a person in such a state, the suspension of received notions, and the risk of being hurt.
Student Attitudes toward the 20th Century British Novel

THE WORK of I. A. Richards (4) that culmi nated, in 1929, with the publication of Practical Criticism is generally acknowledged to be the beginning of objective literary criticism. Little has been done in the intervening thirty years toward furthering our understanding of the criti cism of interpretation, our understanding of how literary communication works and how to make it work better. The authors share Richards' con viction that the first step toward the ultimate aim of improving literary communication is to stop theorizing about what students get when they read a literary work and find out. They can only hope that they do not appear bumptious in offer ing the present experiment as a contribution to that end.
Meiosis inCrepis: I. Pachytene association and chiasma behaviour inCrepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. andC. tectorum L

Part I. 1. Univalent formation in progeny from a diploid branch of a haploid individual ofCrepis capillaris belonging to theX strain is caused through failure of chiasma formation between homologous chromosomes which are shown to be regularly associated at pachytene. 2. A significant difference in the amount of univalent formation is found between two plants, and between two buds on the same plant. 3. Chiasma frequency is reduced in all three kinds of bivalents, and there is an almost direct relation between the amount of chiasma formation and the size of chromosomes. This is shown by the percentage of univalents and the mean number of chiasmata per bivalent. 4. Univalent homologous chromosomes frequently lie in juxtaposition at diakinesis. This is considered to be due to their previous association and coiling at pachytene and early diplotene. Part II. 5. TheA bivalents in a single plant ofCrepis capillaris have a reduced frequency and an abnormal distribution of chiasmata. In bivalents with single interstitial chiasmata, 95 per cent. have the chiasma in a subterminal position at the end of the long arm. Univalents of these chromosomes are occasionally found, and unpaired threads are observed at pachytene. Chiasma formation and possibly pairing are therefore restricted in one region of the chromosome.
Structure and Dynamics of Tetrahalomethane Adsorption on (001) Surfaces of Graphite and α-Quartz

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the structural and dynamic properties of multilayer adsorption of each of three halomethanes, CF4, CF3Cl, and CF3Br, adsorbed onto the (001) surface of either of two atomically flat but chemically and structurally different substrates (graphite and hydroxylated α-quartz) at temperatures ranging from 60 to 300 K. Analysis of the data shows a strong influence on the adsorption characteristics of these halomethane films due to the surface characteristics of the chosen substrate. In particular, the nature of the hydroxylation of α-quartz shows a striking ability to alter the affinity with which species adsorb onto its surface. This effect appears to be at least partly responsible for the differences in the orientation and packing of molecules in the first film layer as well as differences in the effect of temperature variation on phase behavior and dynamics.
Discussion on Decay Time for Residual Current in Resonance Grounding System

In resonance grounding system,the decay time for residual current of arc suppressing coil is a very importanl parameter for suppressing arc rapidly,ensuring equipments personal safely.The factors affecting the decay time for residual current are analyzed in detail.It is indicated that the decay time for residual current is affected by system parameters and related with grounding random parameters,but it mainly depends on the decaying speed of transient current.This paper also clarifies the wrong viewpoints on compensation speed for the are suppressing coil.
Entry-level practice: challenges, obligations, and opportunities.

Challenges facing modern practitioners include the ever-expanding knowledge base required for practice, shifts in the financing of health care services, and the ability to influence the way in which the consumer values dietetic services
Subjective ratings of sleepiness ― The underlying circadian mechanisms

Previous field and laboratory studies have revealed that there is a diurnal variation in subjective sleepiness that is different in form to that of objective sleepiness and many measures of performance efficiency. The worst subjective sleepiness occurs at the trough in the circadian temperature rhythm, the least subjective sleepiness about 7 h before the peak in temperature. A series of forced desynchronization experiments, in which the endogenous circadian oscillator controlling the temperature rhythm ran at a different period to the sleep/wake cycle, revealed that these findings can be explained by postulating subjective sleepiness to be under the control of both factors, with minimum sleepiness occurring at the peak in temperature in terms of the temperature cycle and about 6 h after waking in terms of the sleep/wake cycle.
Antioxidant-surfactant liposomes mitigate hyperoxic lung injury in premature rabbits

Surfactant liposomes, encapsulating CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, increase alveolar type II cell antioxidant activity and protect cells against oxidant stress. We examined whether intratracheal instillation of antioxidant-surfactant liposomes increases lung antioxidant activity in premature rabbits. Pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were delivered by cesarean section on day 28 or 29 of gestation or allowed to deliver spontaneously. After premature birth or at 2 days of age in the term rabbits, the pups from each litter were divided into four groups. One group received 0.1 ml/15 g birth wt of antioxidant-surfactant liposomes by intratracheal injection and was then exposed to hyperoxia (> 95% oxygen) for 24 h and killed. The second group received an equal amount of surfactant liposomes without antioxidant enzymes and was exposed to hyperoxia for 24 h. The third group received air placebo and was exposed to hyperoxia for 24 h, and the fourth group was killed after birth if premature or at 2 days of age if term. After the pups were killed, lung homogenates were investigated for total SOD and catalase activity and DNA content. Each treatment group consisted of 12-15 rabbit pups. Lung antioxidant enzyme activity increased with advancing maturity. Among the premature rabbits, total lung SOD and catalase activity were lowest in the pups killed before hyperoxia and the air placebo controls exposed to hyperoxia, intermediate in the pups treated with liposomes without antioxidant enzymes and hyperoxia, and highest in the pups that received antioxidant-surfactant liposomes and hyperoxia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EGFR and C/EBP-β oncogenic signaling is bidirectional in human glioma and varies with the C/EBP-β isoform

We investigated the intersection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-β signaling in glioblastoma (GBM), given that both gene products strongly influence neoplastic behavior. C/EBP-β is known to drive the mesenchymal transcriptional signature in GBM, likely through strong microenvironmental influences, whereas the genetic contributions to its up-regulation in this disease are not well described. We demonstrated that stable overexpression and activation of WT EGFR (U87MG-WT) led to elevated C/EBP-β expression, as well as enhanced nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity, leading to up-regulation of C/EBP-β transcription and translation. Deeper investigation identified bidirectional regulation, with C/EBP-β also causing up-regulation of EGFR that was at least partially dependent on the STAT3. Based on ChIP-based studies, we also found that that the translational isoforms of C/EBP-β [liver-enriched transcription-activating protein (LAP)-1/2 and liver inhibitory protein (LIP)] have differential occupancy on STAT3 promoter and opposing roles in transcriptional regulation of STAT3 and EGFR. We further demonstrated that the shorter C/EBP-β isoform, LIP, promoted proliferation and migration of U87MG glioma cells, potentially via induction of cytokine IL-6. Our molecular dissection of EGFR and C/EBP-β pathway interactions uncovered a complex signaling network in which increased activity of either EGFR or C/EBP-β leads to the up-regulation of the other, enhancing oncogenic signaling. Disrupting the EGFR-C/EBP-β signaling axis could attenuate malignant behavior of glioblastoma.-Selagea, L., Mishra, A., Anand, M., Ross, J., Tucker-Burden, C., Kong, J., Brat, D. J. EGFR and C/EBP-β oncogenic signaling is bidirectional in human glioma and varies with the C/EBP-β isoform.
Comparison of Self-Administered Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Tool vs. Researcher Administered Tool in the Emergency Department.

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown that there is a high rate of post traumatic stress disorder in the inner city. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients in the Emergency Department would use a post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessment. Additionally, did the type of administration of the PTSD tool impact the usage of PTSD services? Methods The sample population was taken from patients, 12 years or older, who presented with a non psychiatric illness. This study was done at a level one inner city adult and pediatric Emergency Department. The PTSD validated survey, was randomized between being self or research fellow administered. Half of the patients completed the survey on their own and half were administered by a research fellow. Those who screen positive on the tool were contacted one week later. This was done to determine if they have scheduled an appointment or were seen for a follow-up appointment. This study was IRB approved. Results A total of 299 participants completed the survey. Half (149) of which used a PTSD tool that was self administered. The total amount of participants who tested positive for PTSD was 35% (105). There was a significant difference (0.01) between those who self administered the tool 26% (40) and those who had the tool administered 12% (18). This was seen in relationship to who was more likely to follow up with behavioral health referrals. Conclusions These results reveal that 35% of the participants tested positive for PTSD. The majority of those that screened positive and used follow up services had self administered the tool. This indicates that they are more likely to seek out services based on their results.
Guidelines for Rational Cancer Therapeutics.

Traditionally cancer therapy has relied on surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In recent years, these interventions have become increasingly replaced or complemented by more targeted approaches that are informed by a deeper understanding of the underlying biology. Still, the implementation of fully rational patient-specific drug design appears to be years away. Here, we present a vision of rational drug design for cancer that is defined by two major components: modularity and image guidance. We suggest that modularity can be achieved by combining a nanocarrier and an oligonucleotide component into the therapeutic. Image-guidance can be incorporated into the nanocarrier component by labeling with a specific imaging reporter, such as a radionuclide or contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. While limited by the need for additional technological advancement in the areas of cancer biology, nanotechnology, and imaging, this vision for the future of cancer therapy can be used as a guide to future research endeavors.
Yes or no to local therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer

Metastatic prostate cancer has traditionally been treated with systemic therapy alone, but the issue of oligometastatic disease raises the question of whether local therapy — radical prostatectomy or prostate radiotherapy — should be performed. A number of phase III trials should improve our understanding of metastatic disease and lead to better care of our patients.
Cohort Differences in Parental Financial Help to Adult Children

In this article, we examine birth cohort differences in parents’ provision of monetary help to adult children with particular focus on the extent to which cohort differences in family structure and the transition to adulthood influence these changes. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study from 1994 to 2010, we compare financial help to children of three respondent cohorts as the parents in these birth cohorts from ages 53–58 to 57–62. We find that transfers to children have increased among more recent cohorts. Two trends—declining family size and children’s delay in marriage—account for part of the increase across cohorts. However, other trends, such as the increase in the number of stepchildren and increasing child’s income level, tend to decrease the observed cohort trend.
Youth in High-Achieving Schools: Challenges to Mental Health and Directions for Evidence-Based Interventions

In this chapter, we review evidence on a group recently identified as “at risk,” that is, youth growing up in the context of high-achieving schools (HAS), predominated by well-educated, white-collar professional families. Though these youngsters are thought of as “having it all,” they are statistically more likely than normative samples to show serious disturbances across several domains including drug and alcohol use, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems. We review data on these problems with attention to gender-specific patterns, presenting quantitative developmental research findings along with relevant evidence across other disciplines. In considering possible reasons for elevated maladjustment, we appraise multiple pathways including aspects of family dynamics, peer norms, and pressures at schools. All of these pathways are considered within the context of broad, exosystemic mores: the pervasive emphasis, in contemporary American culture, on maximizing personal status and how this can threaten the well-being of individuals and of communities. This chapter concludes with ideas for future interventions, with discussions on how research-based assessments of schools can best be used to reduce stressors and to maximize positive adaptation, among youth in highly competitive, pressured school environments
On Max Roach's WE INSIST! Freedom Now Suite (1960)

I wish I could have been there for the recording of WE INSIST! Freedom NOW Suite to witness live the birth of a new, conscious, PAN-AFRICAN sound. There was something about this particular project which stuck with me long after I initially heard it. It was full of truth and honesty; for those reasons alone, I immediately went home to download it to my computer, and so it began. Max Roach and Oscar Brown Jr., both Jazz musicians of the 1960s, arranged this project to express the current freedom situation concerning ALL AFRICANS, not only in America, but across the globe. This was not only projected through the aesthetics of Jazz, but also with traditional African Drumming and other instruments played by Olatunji. Abbey Lincoln adds PURE FIYA to this project with her rich, griot-graced vocals, which serve to tell the story of this Pan-African struggle, evoking as well a sense of consciousness and self-awareness. Her voice is deeply rooted in a newly discovered mother tongue, one seeming to provide a new-birth to those who listen. The mother tongue, as described by M. Noubese Philip in She Tries Her Tongue, is not foreign or full of anguish. For us it is Africa's tongue, Africa's languages, and Africas cultures, BEFORE the arrival of white imperialism. The art expressed in this project is ACTIVE and grounded in the concepts of Pan-Africanism, many of which can be tied to works by Frantz Fanon, Walter Rodney and Assata Shakur. Because of its groundings in the Pan-African struggle, WE INSIST! Freedom NOW Suite is not your average recording. It seeks to identify and convey the mother tongue to its listeners, helping us not to be tongue dumb, providing us with art that is both active and beautiful.
Sensory perception of fabrics: analysis of tactile comfort properties using statistical and artificial intelligence techniques

The relationship between mechanical and sensorial properties of textile materials, with perceived comfort is complex and non-linear. A system to analyze the aforementioned relationship using Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools is developed. Since the number of parameters that influence perceived sensation is beyond the capability of any existing model, a model-free algorithm based on a biological system of perception with the aid of neural network mapping is attempted. Mechanical properties - measured objectively using the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-F) and HandFeel properties - measured subjectively using a sensory expert panel is related to the tactile comfort sensation of textile materials using AI tools. Also, brief comparison with a linear statistical approach is presented.
Methods for the study of pericentrin in centrosome assembly and function

Publisher Summary This chapter describes methods that can be used to examine the distribution, assembly, isolation, and function of pericentrin. Pericentrin is a reliable marker for centrosomes and acentriolar microtubule organizing center (MTOCs) in mammals, amphibians, insects, ciliates, amoeba, and flagellates. It is also found in small amounts around basal bodies. A significant portion of pericentrin is present in the cytoplasm. In most cases, the cytoplasmic fluorescence does not significantly mask the strong centrosome signal and can be extracted with detergent. However, it is important to demonstrate that results obtained in detergent-extracted cells are similar to those in nonextracted cells. The immunoperoxidase labeling of paraffin-embedded tissue sections can be used to obtain high-quality staining of centrosomes in sections obtained from a wide range of tissues embedded in paraffin. It can also be adapted to cultured cells, cells cytospun onto slides, and frozen tissue sections. The technique has the advantage that signals can be amplified through the generation of an enzymatic reaction product and staining intensity can be modified by changing the reaction time. This technique has been used to examine aberrant centrosome structures in human cancers.
Adrenal Myelolipomas Involved by Plasma Cell Myeloma

Objectives To report the presence and evaluate the frequency of plasma cell neoplasms within adrenal myelolipomas. Methods Adrenal myelolipomas within our institution were reviewed for the presence of hematologic neoplasia, and a review of the literature was performed. Results Two (9%) of 23 adrenal myelolipomas were involved by plasma cell myeloma. The patients were 71 and 81 years old, one woman and one man, with tumors measuring 7 cm and 8.5 cm, respectively. Both tumors contained large aggregates of dysplastic plasma cells occupying at least one ×10 field and demonstrated light chain restriction. Neither had an established diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasm previously. After receiving therapy, one patient exhibited a stable clinical course 1 year after diagnosis while the other died of disease 3 years later. Conclusions We report the first two cases of adrenal myelolipoma involved by plasma cell myeloma, a rare and subtle finding that has significant clinical implications.
New England Wetland Functional Assessment (NEWFA)

Abstract The New England District of the US Army Corps of Engineers (NE District), in collaboration with the New England region of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), is developing a quantitative wetland functional assessment method to replace its 20-year old qualitative “descriptive” method for use in its regulatory program. The goal is to have a functional assessment that assays levels of specific functions across New England (the extreme northeastern United States, including Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont). Our requirements include linking related functions, taking into consideration wetlands that inherently perform different functions or levels of functions by not assessing across wetland type, use of regionally available datasets, and practicalities of application within typical regulatory restraints. This method will be used for the same types of projects for which a functional assessment is currently required. Although this method's use is designed for Corps-regulated projects, any other federal or state entity that finds it useful for their program will be free to use it. Draft models were developed for more than a dozen specific functions, falling within three categories: water quality maintenance, hydrologic integrity, and biota support. The water quality maintenance and hydrologic integrity categories contain true functional assessments evaluating the ability of a wetland to perform each function. However, the evaluation of biota support uses a condition assessment to determine the current capability of a wetland to perform the functions in the biota support category. Each function is evaluated independently and no overall functional score is determined; however, when appropriate, scores may be grouped within each function category. While not used in calculations for levels of function, extra focus triggers (“red flags”) and stressors are examined to better inform regulatory decisions. During late summer and fall of 2015, preliminary field testing of this assessment method took place in all six New England states. A second round of field testing was conducted in spring and summer 2017. Models were modified based on experiences from field testing and a guidebook for the method is under development.
Smartphone Applications in Plastic Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Survey of 577 Plastic Surgeons, Fellows, Residents, and Medical Students

BACKGROUND There are now over 2.2 million mobile applications (apps) in existence, with more than 250 identifiable by searching "plastic surgery." Unfortunately, only 30% of these are academically relevant, which makes finding useful plastic surgery apps both challenging and inefficient. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to evaluate the use of digital resources and awareness of available apps within plastic surgery to improve their clinical/educational utilization. METHODS An extensive search of the Apple and Android databases was performed to identify all relevant plastic surgery apps. An American Society of Plastic Surgeons-sponsored survey was distributed to a random cohort of American Society of Plastic Surgeons members (practicing surgeons, fellows, and residents) and students applying to an integrated plastic surgery residency. The survey queried utilization of resources to access medical information and awareness of apps relevant to clinical/educational plastic surgery. RESULTS A total 153 relevant applications were identified between the Apple iTunes and Google Play stores. Of the 577 respondents (273 practicing surgeons, 117 residents, 11 fellows, and 177 medical students), 99.31% own a smartphone/tablet. Furthermore, medical students and residents/fellows utilized both smartphones and computers more frequently than practicing physicians (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0022, respectively). Digital resources were also utilized more frequently than printed material (P < 0.00001). For app awareness, 82.1% of respondents reported knowing of fewer than 10 apps relevant to plastic surgery, and only 8.41% were aware of more than 20. CONCLUSIONS Smartphone usage is nearly ubiquitous among plastic surgeons, and most utilize these devices daily to access medical information. However, awareness of the many available and relevant plastic surgery apps is extremely limited.
Early Identification in Autism: Subtypes Based on Child, Family, and Community Characteristics

Date Presented 04/04/19 Disparities exist in the early identification of underserved children with ASD. Our study used a large university sample to examine subtypes of children with an eventual ASD diagnosis based on parent concerns and sociodemographics. Results suggest that children with speech parent concerns are most likely identified earlier, regardless of race, ethnicity, or SES. However, our findings point to the difficulty in identifying girls with ASD and children with social and behavior parent concerns. Primary Author and Speaker: Anna Wallisch Contributing Authors: Lauren Little, Evan Dean, Winnie Dunn
The Effect of Temperature on the Distribution of 0.5% Plain Bupivacaine in a Simple Spinal Canal Model

Local anesthetic solutions of varying density and patient position are used to control the dermatomal spread of anesthesia after the intrathecal injection of local anesthetics. Density varies inversely with temperature. At room temperature (21°C), local anesthetic solutions that are believed to be isobaric with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are approximately 0.004 g/ml more dense than CSF at body temperature (37°C). The authors investigated the potential significance of this temperature-related difference in density in a simple spinal canal model. The model was a straight piece of plastic tubing containing normal saline. The authors injected 0.5% plain bupivacaine into the tube and aspirated samples 20 minutes after administration. Studies were conducted with the bupivacaine and the saline at the same temperature (21°C) and with the bupivacaine at 4°C when the saline was 21°C. To determine the role of gravity on the distribution of the bupivacaine in the model, the experiments were carried out with the model in horizontal and vertical positions. Bupivacaine 0.5%, which is isobaric with normal saline, was not affected by gravity when both solutions were at the same temperature (21°C). However, 0.5% bupivacaine consistently behaved as a hyperbaric solution when it was at a lower temperature (4°C) than the saline (21°C). These observations suggest that temperature-related changes in density may affect the distribution of local anesthetics in CSF during spinal anesthesia.
Determinants of skeletal muscle oxygen consumption assessed by near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy during incremental handgrip exercise

Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging optical imaging technique for quantifying skeletal muscle O2 delivery and utilization at the microvascular level. Here, we show t...
Secondary Traumatic Stress in Respiratory Therapists

Background: Secondary traumatic stress (STS), also known as compassion fatigue, is described as a syndrome of symptoms, such as avoidance, intrusions, or arousal, that occur due to having indirect traumatic exposure such as having interactions with persons or patients who are having direct traumatic exposure. Secondary traumatic stress can lead to physical, emotional, and work-related symptoms that can affect patient care and relationships with coworkers and patients. The indirect traumatic exposure is often linked with negative consequences such as higher compassion fatigue, increased negative cognitions about the self and the world, higher job burnout, and lower job satisfaction. Professionals that experience this may believe they can no longer serve their clients or patients and leave their job. The hypothesis for this study is that the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale score will be in the high to severe range for respiratory therapists. Methods: The Institutional Review Board of Youngstown State University approved this study. Respiratory Therapists voluntarily took the 9Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale9 (STSS) in which consisted of 17 statements. The STSS was used with permission obtained from Brian E. Bride. This STSS was presented to the voluntary participants on a Facebook page called Respiratory Therapy Breakroom which is a private Facebook group for future, present, and past respiratory therapists. Results: The hypothesis was rejected. The results indicated that majority of respiratory therapists did not have high or severe STS. There were 432 responses to this survey, and 13 surveys were omitted due to unanswered questions. Forty-five of those participants had a score of Conclusions: The results indicated that a respiratory therapist9s total STSS score, intrusion average, avoidance average, and arousal average did not increase when compared to the number of years worked. 1. Bride BE, Robinson MR, Yegidis B, Figley CR. Development and validation of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Res Social Work Pract 2004;14:27-35.
CONSEQUENCES OF OFFSHORING TO DEVELOPING NATIONS: LABOR‐MARKET OUTCOMES, WELFARE, AND CORRECTIVE INTERVENTIONS

Our parsimonious two‐country (developed country and developing country) model of offshoring provides nuanced results. These include cases where wages monotonically improve, as well as where wages exhibit an inverted‐U relationship with offshoring cost reductions. We identify conditions under which these relationships hold. Since global welfare always rises with improvements in offshoring technology, we find that there is a role for a minimum wage (alternatively, wage tax) in the developing country. We derive such a policy's optimal level. There is also the possibility of a developed country optimal offshoring tax for extracting terms‐of‐trade benefits. We, finally, analyze the two‐country Nash equilibrium in policies. (JEL F11, F13, F16, F66, O19, O24)
Walking Methodologies with/in Teacher Education

This essay begins with the limitations of reflection in teacher education practitioner research. We wonder about the confines of a reflective practice that is solitary, ahistorical, and written in a particular academic register with an audience of one in mind. Instead, we explore the potential of walking methodologies as critical praxes with a group of pre-service educators. To do so we take a walk that is collective and focused on the way history is entangled with the students’ multimodal responses to this experience. We argue that walking as reflective praxis produces different possibilities in the space of teacher education. Pre-service educators participated in a mode of public pedagogy that challenges the treatment of teaching and learning as ahistorical and universal processes that can be neatly represented by the written word.
Clinicopathologic features and outcomes of anterior-dominant prostate cancer: implications for diagnosis and treatment.

This study aims to describe the pathological features and clinical outcomes in anterior-dominant prostate cancer (APCA) compared to posterior/posterolateral-dominant prostate cancer (PPCA) among men treated with radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. This is a single-institution, matched case-control analysis of short-term clinical outcomes stratified by pathologic tumor location at radical prostatectomy. Pathologic data extracted by expert genitourinary pathologists on tumor location was linked to clinical and oncologic outcomes data from a prospective institutional database for analysis. From 2005 to 2013, 1580 patients were identified for analysis with 150 (9.5%) having APCA. One-hundred and thirty two of these APCA men had complete clinical data and were matched to 353 men with PPCA (~1:3 ratio) by GrdGrp at surgery, margin status, and pathologic T stage. There were no racial/ethnic differences between APCA and PPCA (p = 0.13). Men with APCA demonstrated a higher median PSA at diagnosis (6.4 [4.6–9.1] ng/mL vs 5.6 [4.4–8.1] ng/mL; p = 0.04), a higher rate of GrdGrp 1 disease at diagnosis (57.7% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.003), and lower rates of abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) (10.1% vs. 23.2%, p = 0.003) when compared to PPCA. The rate of surgical upgrading was higher among men with APCA vs. PPCA (55.3% vs 42.0%, p = 0.015). Freedom from biochemical failure (BF) at 5-years was 85.1% (95% CI 73.1–98.9) for APCA and 82.9% (95% CI 69.2–99.5) for men with PPCA (p = 0.70, log-rank test). The majority of anterior tumors were undetectable by DRE and were associated with higher PSA at diagnosis. Despite presenting mostly as low/intermediate grade cancers, more than half of the men with APCA had upgrading at surgery and slightly more than 40% had positive margins and/or extraprostatic disease. When matched to a cohort of posterior predominant tumors, no differences were seen in the rate of biochemical-failure after prostatectomy.
Heart Failure With Mid-range Ejection Fraction.

To describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis of patients with heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF). In 2013, The American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) assigned an ejection fraction (EF) range to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, EF ≤ 40%) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, EF ≥50%). This classification created a “gray zone” of patients with EFs between 41% and 49% that ultimately came to be known as heart failure with borderline or mid-range ejection fraction. HFmrEF patients represent a group with heterogeneous clinical characteristics that at times resembles HFrEF, at others HFpEF, and at others still a unique phenotype altogether. No randomized controlled trials exist in those with HFmrEF, though HFrEF and HFpEF studies that include overlap suggest some potential benefit of beta blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors. Mortality rates among the HFmrEF population are significant, and are similar to those in patients with HFrEF and HFpEF. HFmrEF is a complex disorder that remains poorly understood. Future research is needed to better elucidate the pathophysiology, management, and prognosis of this condition.
Impact of brain atrophy on tDCS and HD-tDCS current flow: a modeling study in three variants of primary progressive aphasia

During transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), the amount and distribution of current that reaches the brain depends on individual anatomy. Many progressive neurodegenerative diseases are associated with cortical atrophy, but the importance of individual brain atrophy during tDCS in patients with progressive atrophy, including primary progressive aphasia (PPA), remains unclear. In the present study, we addressed the question whether brain anatomy in patients with distinct cortical atrophy patterns would impact brain current intensity and distribution during tDCS over the left IFG. We developed state-of-the-art, gyri-precise models of three subjects, each representing a variant of primary progressive aphasia: non-fluent variant PPA (nfvPPA), semantic variant PPA (svPPA), and logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA). We considered two exemplary montages over the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG): a conventional pad montage (anode over F7, cathode over the right cheek) and a 4 × 1 high-definition tDCS montage. We further considered whether local anatomical features, specifically distance of the cortex to skull, can directly predict local electric field intensity. We found that the differences in brain current flow across the three PPA variants fall within the distribution of anatomically typical adults. While clustering of electric fields was often around individual gyri or sulci, the minimal distance from the gyri/sulci to skull was not correlated with electric field intensity. Limited to the conditions and assumptions considered here, this argues against a specific need to adjust the tDCS montage for these patients any more than might be considered useful in anatomically typical adults. Therefore, local atrophy does not, in isolation, reliably predict local electric field. Rather, our results are consistent with holistic head anatomy influencing brain current flow, with tDCS producing diffuse and individualized brain current flow patterns and HD-tDCS producing targeted brain current flow across individuals.
The “Rebar” Disruptors: A Wake-Up Call for Traditional Health Systems

Traditional health care providers can make the digital revolution work for them by creating new ways to improve convenience and lower costs for routine primary care.
Adenocarcinoma Ex goblet cell: A retrospective experience.

847Background: Adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell tumors (AGCC) represent rare appendiceal neoplasms with neuroendocrine and adenocarcinoma features. They represent the most aggressive subset of goblet ...
Extending DeepSDF for automatic 3D shape retrieval and similarity transform estimation.

Recent advances in computer graphics and computer vision have allowed for the development of neural network based generative models for 3D shapes based on signed distance functions (SDFs). These models are useful for shape representation, retrieval and completion. However, this approach to shape retrieval and completion has been limited by the need to have query shapes in the same canonical scale and pose as those observed during training, restricting its effectiveness to real world scenes. In this work, we present a formulation that overcomes this issue by jointly estimating the shape and similarity transformation parameters. We conduct experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of this formulation on synthetic and real datasets and report favorable comparisons to strong baselines. Finally, we also emphasize the viability of this approach as a form of data compression useful in augmented reality scenarios.
Prevention of HBV Recurrence after Liver Transplant: A Review

Globally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is recognized as a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, and HBV-induced liver failure is one of the leading indications for liver transplantation. Until about two decades ago, liver transplantation in patients with chronic HBV infection was a relative contraindication, due to high risk of viral replication with the use of immunosuppressants which could result in graft infection. In the 1990s, hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) use significantly reduced the risk of graft infection, improving outcomes of liver transplant in patients with chronic HBV infection. However, very high costs, especially with the need for long-term use, became a major concern. With the advent of nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs), there was less need for high-dose, long-term HBIg use to prevent HBV recurrence. Lamivudine was initially used but resistance soon became a major issue. This was followed by more potent NAs, such as entecavir and tenofovir, emerging as the more preferred agents. Additionally, the use of these antiviral agents (HBIg and/or NAs) have made it possible to use the grafts from donors with positivity for hepatitis B core antibody, allowing for expansion of the donor pool. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on management protocols, which vary significantly amongst centers. In this review, we appraise studies on management strategies used and the role of active vaccination in the prevention of HBV recurrence in post-liver transplant patients.