cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal behavior of steel rolling with nonconventional rolls

Many types of nonconventional rolls, including coated, sleeved, and carbide rolls, have been developed to improve roll surface strength to increase roll life. A study of the thermal behavior of the rolling process with these nonconventional rolls is presented in this article. A numerical model, previously developed for homogeneous rolls, has been modified to study the thermal response resulting from coating, sleeve, and carbide. Both cold- and hot-rolling processes under typical operating conditions are considered. First, a cold-rolling case previously considered was studied to demonstrate the validity of the modified version and then several other cases were investigated to assess the effects of using nonconventional rolls. The numerical results indicated that the effects of the coated, sleeved, and carbide rolls were favorable for increasing roll life.
Evolution: Not so selfish

A prescription for how human cooperation evolved will provoke much-needed debate about the origins of society, finds Peter Richerson.
The role of active learning through laboratory experimentation pertaining to memory retention in first-year engineering programs

Retention of material taught to students can be affected by their active participation in a laboratory. The purpose of this active learning memory retention study is to determine how learning, varying active or passive participation, affects memory retention. This paper uses a weekly laboratory in a first-year engineering course as an example. We compare three modes of presentation of material: demonstration, interactive programs, and hands-on execution. Results show that, based on student performance on examination scores, demonstration alone is not as effective as simulation or hands-on labs. However, we found very little difference between the results for simulation and hands-on labs.
International business and MIS approaches to multinational organizational research: The cases of knowledge transfer and IT workforce outsourcing

Abstract This study proposes that multinational business issues are enriched by analysis from multiple perspectives. This is illustrated through two cases: knowledge transfer and offshore work outsourcing where each show value from the combination of both international business and management information systems perspectives. This paper also discusses some of the social realities that may present barriers to synthesizing knowledge from these two disciplines.
HR and the Bottom-Line: The Impact of High Performance Work Systems

In recent times, several researchers have concerned themselves with the impact of human resource activities on an organization's bottom-line. In this connection, it has been argued that implementin...
Studies of aerosol formation in power plant plumes—II. Secondary aerosol formation in the Navajo generating station plume

Abstract Aerosol and gas measurements were made with the University of Minnesota Mobile Laboratory (UMML) during the VISTTA program (26 June, 1979 to 13 July, 1979) near Page, Arizona. The UMML was stationed on Zilnez Mesa (36.79°N, 110.63°W, elevation 2,200 m) approx. 65 km east of the Navajo coal-hred power plant. Measurements were made both in and out of the power plant plume and were made during the day and night. Measured parameters included aerosol size distributions, Aitken nuclei count, ozone and sulfur dioxide concentrations, the aerosol light scattering coefficient and meteorological parameters including ultraviolet radiation intensity. Concentrations of NO and NO x were occasionally measured. Data show clear evidence of gas-to-particle conversion in the plume with aerosol volume being added in the 0.01 μm–0.32 μm dia. range and new particles being formed. The observed excess aerosol volume depends strongly upon the SO 2 concentrations and the time of day with none observed in plume parcels which were not exposed to sunlight. This implies that the excess aerosol in the plume was secondary and was not due to primary particulate emissions from the stack. The fraction of sulfur appearing in the aerosol was inferred from the measurements of SO 2 concentrations and excess aerosol volume concentrations in the plume and was found to correlate with the time integral of the UV flux density received by the plume parcels since pollutant emission. The observed rate of SO 2 conversion was found to be 1.9 ± 0.8% h −1 at noon, with a diurnal average of 0.9 ± 0.4 % h −1 .
Perquisites under the microscope

Purpose – This paper discusses perquisites for executives.Design/methodology/approach – This as a viewpoint paper in which the authors discuss perquisites for executives.Findings – Not only must the amounts of compensation, perquisites in particular, be listed, the Compensation Committee of the Board (or equivalent group) must also provide the rationale for these pay elements and the total package.Originality/value – Provides a viewpoint on perquisites for executives.
Concept conservation under positively and negatively evaluated transformations

Concept conservation was tested as a function of degree of rated evaluative (i.e., good-bad) similarity between a concept and its transform. A group of 40 Ss, 8-years old, given problems in which both the standards and the transforms were positively rated, conserved significantly better than a second group of 40 Ss given the same positively rated standards but negatively rated transforms (p < .01). Similarly, the greater the rated similarity between positive-rated standard and negative-rated transform, the more likely Ss were to conserve (p < .01). The results do not appear to support an all-or-none, stage formulation of the ability to conserve.
Electronic Map Interpretation in a Dual-Task Context

The present experiment was designed to assess the extent to which spatial and verbal-analytic (VA) information processing resources are used in performing a simulated aircraft navigation task. Subjects were required to decide whether a 'match' or a mismatch' existed between a schematic 3D perspective forward field of view and a 2D top-down map. On dual-task trials, this navigation task was concurrently performed with either a VA side-task or with one of two tracking tasks. The data suggest that a VA strategy was most likely to be used when stimuli were simple or were mismatches, whereas a spatial mental rotation strategy was apparently used to confirm complex match stimuli. These results indicate that it may be possible to specify conditions wherein navigation is likely to compete for resources critical to other cockpit activities, such as aircraft control and communication.
Family Ties and Class Conflict: The Politics of Immigrant Communities in the Great Lakes Region, 1890-1920

This paper challenges the traditional view that families react to, rather than influence, political organization. I compare the role of the family in class conflict in six industrial immigrant communities in the Great Lakes region of the United States at the turn of the century. Some of these communities were settled primarily by families, others by single male workers. I find that families play an important role in creating stable working-class cultural organizations. Further, family bonds and family imagery provide a mechanism for political recruitment into both right-wing and left-wing movements.
Correlates and Characteristics of Boredom Proneness and Boredom1

This study investigated the relationships between boredom proneness, mood monitoring, mood labeling, and tendency to experience flow; and explored some qualitative, phenomenological aspects of boredom. College students (N= 170) responded to an anonymous questionnaire containing the Boredom Proneness Scale (Farmer & Sundberg, 1986), the Mood Awareness Scale (Swinkels & Giuliano, 1995), a measure of flow proneness, and questions about the experience of boredom. As predicted, Boredom Proneness was positively correlated with mood monitoring, negatively correlated with mood labeling, and negatively correlated with flow. Respondents provided interesting information about their perceptions of boredom, its causes, and their strategies for coping with and planning for boring situations. A majority of participants described positive aspects of boredom, and 10% volunteered that they were never bored.
Influenza virus antigenicity and broadly neutralizing epitopes

A vaccine formulation that would be effective against all strains of influenza virus has long been a goal of vaccine developers, but antibodies after infection or vaccination were seen to be strain specific and there was little evidence of cross-reactive antibodies that neutralized across subtypes. Recently a number of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been characterized. This review describes the different classes of broadly neutralizing antibodies and discusses the potential of their therapeutic use or for design of immunogens that induce a high proportion of broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Motivational engagement and video gaming: a mixed methods study

A mixed methods design was used to identify factors associated with motivational engagement in video gaming. Self-report instruments were administered to 189 video game players to assess goal orientations, affect, need for cognition, and perceptions of engagement and flow. Simultaneously, a sub-set of 25 participants were interviewed and results analyzed to identify patterns that influenced their propensity for gaming. Regression results revealed motivational engagement for gaming was related to gender, hours of play, task orientation, and socialization. Players indicated that gaming was socially captivating, fun, challenging but relaxing, and precipitated positive affect and cognition even when unsuccessful results were achieved. The negative consequences normally associated with task failure were not reported by participants to take place during gaming. We concluded transfer of motivational engagement in gaming for entertainment to educational contexts was unlikely to occur.
SU-GG-I-122: An Automated Scoring Method to Quantitatively Evaluate Imaging Artifacts in 4D-CT Images

Purpose: To develop an automated scoring method based on normalized cross correlation to evaluate imaging artifacts due to respiratory motion in four‐dimensional‐computed tomography (4D‐CT) images.Method and Materials:Imaging artifacts in 4D CT have been extensively documented in the literature. Manual analysis of the magnitude of the artifacts is subjective and time consuming and there has no automated methods been reported for the objective quantification of the artifacts. We have developed an automated method to score the 4D‐CT images based on the calculation of the normalized cross‐correlation coefficients (NCC) between adjacent image slices at couch transitions (edge slices). We used three scoring criteria to evaluate the imaging artifacts: the minimum of the NCC (score #1), the average NCC (score #2), and the mean of the difference between the NCC of edge slices and the mean NCC of the edge slices with their respective neighboring slices within the same couch position (score #3). Our method was tested using a commercially available 4D motion phantom and subsequently applied to the 4D‐CT scans of 30 lungcancer patients. Results: Our method is able to detect imaging artifacts in the reconstructed respiratory phases of the 4D‐CT scans that are verified visually. In particular, score #1 correlates well with the maximum magnitudes of two types of artifacts that were measured manually by an unbiased observer. In contrast, scores #2 and #3 showed no correlations. Conclusions: Our automated scoring method based on normalized cross correlation is suitable to quantitatively evaluate imaging artifacts. Score #1 appears to be the most reliable measure to quantitate artifacts and has been verified visually. Used in conjunction with score #1, score #2 can be an indicator of the overall goodness of the image quality while score #3 indicates the ‘badness’ of edge slices as compared with their respective neighboring slices.
Interactive visualization of weighted three-dimensional alpha hulls

An interactive visualization of weighted three-dimensional a-hulls is presented for static and dynamic spheres. The a-hull is analytically computed and represented by a triangulated mesh. The entire surface is computed and displayed in real-time at interactive rates. The weighted three-dimensional a-hulls are equivalent to smooth molecular surfaces of biochemistry. Biochemistry applications of interactive computation and display of a-hulls or smooth molecular surfaces are outlined.
Highly repeated DNA sequences as species-specific probes for Brugia.

Several filartae of the genus Brugia are known or suspected agents of lymphatic filariasis. 6. molayi naturally infects humans, several species of nonhuman primates and various other vertebrates, and is a cause of zoonotic infections in many endemic areas of South-East Asia. 5. timori also infects humans but appears not to have a natural animal host, while 5. pohangi IS a major parasite of domestic and wild animals and has long been suspected to infect humans as well. These closely related worms occur in adjacent or overlapping areas and can be transmitted by the same mosquito vectors’,2. Traditional methods to distinguish these filariae are inadequate. Within one pedigreed ‘species’, the variation in most phenotypic markers commonly used for this purpose (morphometric and histochemical measurements) severely limits their ability to identify a particular worm in a given isolate. The use of functional criteria microfilarial periodicity, ability to infect some types of mosquitoes, etc. is equally prone to error, because they may reflect adaptive rather than intrinsic properties of the worms. Some existing methods are of limited practical value, because they require detection of differences among developmental stages that are difficult to Isolate from infected hosts (eg. adult male worms). As a result, many questions regarding the transmission, epidemlology and pathogenicity of brugian filariae cannot be answered until new, simple and reliable methods to identify these helminths become availablej. We have cloned and characterized repeated DNA sequences to generate species-specific probes. The rationale for this approach is as follows. A DNA probe designed to detect highly repeated DNA sequences should obviously be more sensitive than one that reacts with DNA present in low copy numbers. Further, most highly repeated sequences identified to date are noncoding and evolve more rapidly than the rest ofthe genome (Box 2). Thus, It should be possible to exploit the unique properties of highly repeated DNA to develop sensitive and specific probes to trace the evolutionary relatedness of filarial nematodes. Because these sequences are present in all developmental stages of the parasite, such species-specific probes may allow identification of a single filarial worm in either the vector or the vertebrate host. Our experience to date suggests that these assumptions are essentially correct.
OBSERVING WATER-SURFACE TEMPERATURES AT SEA1

Abstract SYNOPSIS This paper is largely a summary of water-surface temperature comparisons by the author on a winter-time West Indies cruise of The R. M. S. Empress of Britain. An attempt was made to determine the accuracy of observational methods under a great variety of conditions, including the most trying ones likely to be experienced. Temperatures obtained nearly simultaneously (1) from a low deck with a 2 or 4 quart tin bucket by quick dips forward of the ship's main outtakes and (2) aft in the propellor wash, and (3) in the discharge from faucets attached to the condenser intake pumps, were consistent always within 0.25° F., and differed, on the average, but 0.1°F. Reliable results are evidently procurable from the stern, where “surface” observations may, perhaps, most accurately and readily be made in cold windy weather. A record from the condenser intake pipe appears truly representative of the surface temperatures under virtually all conditions. The condenser intake temperature recorded by engin...
The Relationship between Self- and Other-Perceptions of Communication Competence and Friendship Quality

This study explored dyadic effects of communication competence, assessed through self-perceptions and other-perceptions, on relationship quality in same-sex platonic friendships. Undergraduate students recruited a same-sex platonic friend to participate in this study along with them. Participants (N = 310; dyads = 155) completed an online questionnaire assessing their own and their partner's communication competence as well as their own relationship satisfaction and commitment. Results from actor-partner interdependence model analyses revealed both actor and partner effects for self-perceptions and other-perceptions of communication competence on relationship satisfaction and commitment. Additionally, partners’ other-perceptions of communication competence moderated the relationship between actors’ other-perceptions of communication competence and relationship commitment.
Axial decay of stresses in a layered composite with slipping interfaces

Abstract The axial diffusion of self-equilibrated end loads in sandwich strip composites composed of two dissimilar isotropic elastic materials with imperfect interfaces, is investigated in the context of the plane problem. An Airy stress function approach is utilized to obtain the characteristic equation where the non-zero roots correspond to the decay rates. The dominant exponential decay rate, which corresponds to the smallest positive real part of the roots, is presented in a convenient form for all combinations of materials and volume fractions. For the case of symmetric deformation of a sandwich strip with a relatively soft inner core, the decay rates are much slower for all volume fractions when compared to a strip with a relatively rigid inner core. The analysis also shows that decay rates for a composite strip with arbitrary end loadings are governed by the symmetric case.
Combinatorial engineering of intergenic regions in operons tunes expression of multiple genes

Many applications of synthetic biology require the balanced expression of multiple genes. Although operons facilitate coordinated expression of multiple genes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, coordinating the many post-transcriptional processes that determine the relative levels of gene expression in operons by a priori design remains a challenge. We describe a method for tuning the expression of multiple genes within operons by generating libraries of tunable intergenic regions (TIGRs), recombining various post-transcriptional control elements and screening for the desired relative expression levels. TIGRs can vary the relative expression of two reporter genes over a 100-fold range and balance expression of three genes in an operon that encodes a heterologous mevalonate biosynthetic pathway, resulting in a sevenfold increase in mevalonate production. This technology should be useful for optimizing the expression of multiple genes in synthetic operons, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Quantifying multivariate classification performance: the problem of overfitting

We have been studying the use of spectral imagery to locate targets in spectrally interfering backgrounds. In making performance estimates for various sensors it has become evident that some calculations are unreliable because of overflying. Hence, we began a thorough study of the problem of overfitting in multivariate classification. In this paper we present some model based results describing the problem. From the model we know the ideal covariance matrix, the ideal discriminant vector, and the ideal classification performance. We then investigate how experimental conditions such as noise, number of bands, and number of samples cause discrepancies from the ideal results. We also suggest ways to discover and alleviate overfitting.
Vitamin D metabolism in Japanese quail: effects of lead exposure and dietary calcium.

Abstract Four-week-old female Japanese quail were raised either on a low calcium (0.2%) or on a normal calcium (2.3 to 3.3%) diet for 15 days and at the same time they were given drinking water containing either lead acetate (0.032, 0.32, 3.2, or 16.0 mg Pb/ml) or sodium acetate (1.75 mg acetate/ml). On the 16th day, in vitro kidney production of 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 and 24,25-(OH) 2 D 3 ] from tritiated 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , plasma calcium, and phosphate, and body retention of lead (plasma, liver and femur), were determined. Under both dietary conditions, lead ingestion (0.32, 3.2 and 16.0 mg Pb/ml), when compared with sodium acetate-treated controls, resulted in the stimulation of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 production, but 24,25-(OH) 2 D 3 increased only under normal dietary calcium and higher doses (3.2 and 16.0 mg Pb/ml) of lead. Production of 24,25-(OH) 2 D 3 was non-detectable in all groups given low calcium diet. Lead added in vitro to kidney homogenates of untreated, age-matched quail had no significant effect on renal hydroxylases. Lead treatment also had no significant effect on plasma calcium and phosphate concentrations. The lead concentration in plasma, liver, and femur was always higher at comparable dose levels of lead under the low calcium dietary conditions. The data indicate that subacute lead ingestion results in the stimulation of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 -1-hydroxylase activity.
Islamism and Jihadism: The Transformation of Classical Notions of Jihad into an Ideology of Terrorism

Abstract Contemporary jihad is the lineal descendant of classical jihad theory as modified by contemporary radical Islam. It has expressions in both Sunni and Shiʿite Islam, but differs from the classical material in that the targets allowable for jihad are not states but smaller groups or even individuals. The article traces the history of this development.
Action of light and gibberellic acid on the growth of excised embryos from Phacelia tanacetifolia seeds

Germination of Phacelia tanacetifolia seeds is inhibited by light. Embryos freed of endosperm grow irrespective of light. However, if they are held in 0.3 M mannitol plus 2% sucrose, light sensitivity is reinstated: growth (i. e., germination) occurs in darkness but not in light. Gibberellic acid (GA3) releases the inhibition due to light. These results suggest that (a) the photoreceptor site of the seed is in the embryo; (b) GA3 acts directly on the embryo; and (c) darkimbibed embryos appear to have a higher water-uptake potential.
On the value of information and other rewards

Knowledge is not just power. Even if advance information can not influence an upcoming event, people (and animals) prefer to know ahead of time what the outcome will be. According to the firing patterns of neurons in the lateral habenula, from the brain's perspective, knowledge is also water—or at least its equivalent in terms of reward.
Penile prostheses: review of current models, mechanical reliability, and product cost

A fifty-year experience with the modern penile implant has led urologists to conclusions as to the reliability, applicability, and cost of these devices. Product evolution has led to a more physiologic erection. However, with increased sophistication, further potential for failure must be considered. Each modification must undergo the test of clinical experience in addition to classic bench testing in order to predict reliability accurately.
Resistivity of EuBa2(Cu1-yZny)3Ox as a function of temperature, magnetic field, pressure and Zn concentration

Abstract We report electrical resistance and magnetoresistance measurements on EuBa2(Cu1-yZny)3Ox under pressures to 17 kbar. With Zn substitution, Tc is depressed rapidly (∼19 K/ at.% Zn) and there are qualitative changes in the temperature and field response of the resistance. Pressure drives the Zn-substituted samples toward undoped EuBa2Cu3Ox behavior. Analysis of the temperature dependent resistance for y=0.05 and P=0, together with Hall effect and thermopower data, suggests that the suppression of superconductivity may arise from weak three-dimensional localization promoted by Coulomb interactions.
Cooperation of B Cell Lineages in Induction of HIV-1-Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

Development of strategies for induction of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) by vaccines is a priority. Determining the steps of bnAb induction in HIV-1-infected individuals who make bnAbs is a key strategy for immunogen design. Here, we study the B cell response in a bnAb-producing individual and report cooperation between two B cell lineages to drive bnAb development. We isolated a virus-neutralizing antibody lineage that targeted an envelope region (loop D) and selected virus escape mutants that resulted in both enhanced bnAb lineage envelope binding and escape mutant neutralization-traits associated with increased B cell antigen drive. Thus, in this individual, two B cell lineages cooperated to induce the development of bnAbs. Design of vaccine immunogens that simultaneously drive both helper and broadly neutralizing B cell lineages may be important for vaccine-induced recapitulation of events that transpire during the maturation of neutralizing antibodies in HIV-1-infected individuals.
Lowering the UV absorbance detection limit and increasing the sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis using a dual linear photodiode array detector and signal averaging

We have recently described a new spatial signal-averaging approach to improve the UV absorbance detection limits for capillary electrophoresis (CE) using a single photodiode array (PDA) detector. (Culbertson, C. T.; Jorgenson, J. W. Anal Chem 1998 70, 2629: Culbertson, C. T. PhD Dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1996). At low analyte concentrations, however, source flicker noise interfered with the signal-averaging process. This noise was due to inadequate compensation of the spatial and temporal lamp fluctuations that occurred over the course of a run in this single-beam instrument. To better compensate for the source lamp fluctuations and drift, a double-beam detector has been constructed using a dual PDA to continuously monitor the output of the source. The addition of the reference channel significantly reduces the source flicker noise. To demonstrate the capabilities of this new detector, separations of four nucleic acids at six different concentrations were performed. The signal-averaged electropherograms generated using the double-beam instrument are compared with electropherograms obtained from individual diodes in the array, a single-beam detector, and a commercial single-point detector. The detection limits for the double-beam instrument were 35(±3) times better than that obtained using an individual diode in the array, ca. 4 times better than that obtained using a single-beam detector, and 6.3(±0.4) times better than that obtained using a commercial single-point detector. The linearity of the new detector is found to be equal to or better than that of the commercial single-point detector, and a separation of analytes at mixed concentrations corresponding to a two order of magnitude dynamic range is shown. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 11: 652–662, 1999
Multicriteria models for planning power-networking events

Abstract In this paper, we develop effective methods for solving the power-networking problem encountered by the Tulsa Metro Chamber. The primary objective is the maximization of unique contacts made in meetings with multiple rotations of participants. Mixed-integer and constraint-programming models are developed to optimize small- to medium-scale problems, and a heuristic method is developed for large-scale problems representative of the Chamber’s application. Tight bounds on the dual objective are presented. The constraint-programming model developed as phase one for the heuristic yields many new best-known solutions to the related social-golfer problem. The solutions generated for the power-networking problem enables the Chamber of Commerce to plan meeting assignments much more effectively.
THE GROWTH OF OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE EARTH'S OUTER RADIATION BELT

The development of our knowledge of the outer Van Allen radiation zone is surveyed. In general, the approach within each topic is historical. The early discoveries of the gross features of the radiation belt, the difficulties encountered in determining the electron energy spectrum, and the misinterpretation of geomagnetic storm intensity changes due to inadequate knowledge of the electron spectrum are discussed. Also considered are the equatorial pitch angle distributions of electrons, the presence of protons in the outer zone, and the question of a ‘slot’ between the inner and outer zones. The calculations of the neutron albedo contribution of electrons to the outer zone are reviewed; the contribution appears to be inadequate, because the resulting energy spectrum is incorrect, the intensity inadequate, and the required lifetime too long. Observations of electron precipitation into the atmosphere are briefly reviewed, and several possibilities for the connection of such observations to the intensity and lifetimes of trapped electrons are listed.
Stress, Rewards, and Change in the Centrality of Women’s Family and Work Roles: Mastery as a Mediator

Although research suggests that stress and rewards experienced in a social role are associated with changes in the centrality (or personal importance) of that role over time, little attention has been given to the mechanisms that account for this relationship. This study was conducted to examine change in role mastery as a mediator in the relationship between changes in role experiences (stress and rewards) and changes in centrality among 195 women who simultaneously occupied the roles of parent care provider, mother, wife, and employee. Regression analyses indicated that increases in parent care, mother, and employee stress eroded mastery in those roles. In addition, increases in rewards were associated with a bolstered sense of mastery in each of the four roles. Mastery was found to be a mediating mechanism in the relationship between stress/rewards and centrality in one of the four roles examined, the employee role. However, changes in women’s perceptions of mastery were unrelated to the extent to which women changed the importance of their three family roles. These findings extend prior research by demonstrating that mastery is a mechanism through which stress and rewards are associated with centrality in the employee role.
Autophagy upregulation by inhibitors of caspase-3 and mTOR enhances radiotherapy in a mouse model of lung cancer.

Autophagy has been reported to be increased in irradiated cancer cells resistant to various apoptotic stimuli. We therefore hypothesized that induction of autophagy via mTOR inhibition enhances radiosensitization in apoptosis-inhibited H460 lung cancer cells in vitro and in a lung cancer xenograft model. To test this hypothesis, combinations of Z-DEVD (caspase-3 inhibitor), RAD001 (mTOR inhibitor) and irradiation were tested in cell and mouse models. The combination of Z-DEVD and RAD001 more potently radiosensitized H460 cells than individual treatment alone. The enhancement in radiation response was not only evident in clonogenic survival assays, but also was demonstrated through markedly reduced tumor growth, cellular proliferation (Ki67 staining), apoptosis (TUNEL staining), and angiogenesis (vWF staining) in vivo. Additionally, upregulation of autophagy as measured by increased GFP-LC3-tagged autophagosome formation accompanied the noted radiosensitization in vitro and in vivo. The greatest induction ...
On the asymptotic distribution of the multinomial maximum with an increasing number of classes

The multinomial maximum is of current interest in several areas of probability and statistics. In the present paper, the asymptotic distribution of the multinomial maximum with an increasing number of classes is discussed. With appropriate assumptions and a natural standardization, the limiting law is shown to be a Gumbel distribution.
ISAR imaging via discrete multitone transmit and channelized narrowband receive processing

By transmitting and receiving several discrete tones, a tactical Navy radar can image a target via ISAR with little EMI on surrounding radar systems. Standard methods of stepped frequency sequentially transmit single frequency information which has the striking drawback of large amounts of contiguous transmit time. For large bandwidths and maneuvering targets, requiring several hundreds of milliseconds per frequency set could produce range smearing. FM-CW has the drawback that again, (in tactical environment) occupying several hundred MHz of contiguous bandwidth could interfere with other uses of the band. The method of ISAR image formation that will be described here utilizes a transmit waveform comprising a discrete set of tones. This waveform has many advantages over waveforms that require tactically significant amounts of either time or bandwidth. The specific system that will be discussed will be an augmented x-band CW tracking radar. A method of selecting the specific frequencies will be discussed along with a method of pairwise mixing the receive tones, known as Delta-K, that can be utilized for range profile sidelobe reduction. A method of calibrating the phase differences between channels will be discussed in detail. Results from simulations and data from a real system will be discussed.
Inverse problem of groundwater modeling by iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton method with a nonlinear regularization term

Abstract A nonlinear minimization problem ‖ F ( d ) − u ‖ ⟶ min , ‖ u − u δ ‖ ≤ δ , is a typical mathematical model of various applied inverse problems. In order to solve this problem numerically in the lack of regularity, we introduce iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton procedure with a nonlinear regularization term (IRGN–NRT). The new algorithm combines two very powerful features: iterative regularization and the most general stabilizing term that can be updated at every step of the iterative process. The convergence analysis is carried out in the presence of noise in the data and in the modified source condition. Numerical simulations for a parameter identification ill-posed problem arising in groundwater modeling demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Electron localization in graphene quantum dots

We study theoretically a localized state of an electron in a graphene quantum dot with a sharp boundary. Due to Klein's tunneling, the ``relativistic'' electron in graphene cannot be localized by any confinement potential. In this case the electronic states in a graphene quantum dot become resonances with finite trapping time. We consider these resonances as the states with complex energy. To find the energy of these states we solve the time-independent Schr\"odinger equation with outgoing boundary conditions at infinity. The imaginary part of the energy determines the width of the resonances and the trapping time of an electron within quantum dot. We show that if the parameters of the confinement potential satisfy a special condition, then the electron can be strongly localized in such quantum dot, i.e., the trapping time is infinitely large. In this case the electron localization is due to interference effects. We show how the deviation from this condition affects the trapping time of an electron. We also analyze the energy spectra of an electron in a graphene quantum ring with a sharp boundary. We show that in this case the condition of constructive interference can be tuned by varying internal radius of the ring, i.e., parameters of confinement potential.
COMMUNITY COLLEGE TEACHER EDUCATION: A TYPOLOGY, CHALLENGING ISSUES, AND STATE VIEWS

Across the country, educational and policy leaders are challenged to find solutions to the potentially serious shortage of certified public school teachers. Although community colleges enroll almost half of the undergraduate students in American colleges and universities, until very recently, little attention has been focused on their potential role in meeting this critical societal need. In addition to discussing pertinent literature, proposing a basic typology of teacher education delivery models based on those already being utilized by community colleges, and describing relevant issues and challenges, this article reports and analyzes the findings of a 2002 survey of state community college directors. The survey was designed to ascertain perceptions of these state leaders with respect to the current role of community colleges in teacher education and the importance of the issue in their respective states. Questions for further study and policy considerations are offered as an extension of the analysis ...
A study of pretherapy role induction as an influence process

It is not clear whether the effectiveness of role induction procedures derives from the fact that they (a) provide clients with information about therapy; or (b) serve as a vehicle for influencing attitudes and beliefs about treatment. In this study 17 clients were assigned to one of two pretherapy interview conditions or to a control (no interview) group. In one condition, social influence aspects of the interview were maximized, while in the other they were minimized. Information given about therapy was the same in both circumstances. Results suggest that therapeutic gains were greatest for patients in the high influence condition. Implications are drawn for the conceptualization of role induction procedures.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of ambulatory electrographic monitoring in older patients.

OBJECTIVE: To review the use of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in detecting transient cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial ischemia in older patients and to determine the significance of these findings in predicting future cardiac events. DATA SOURCES: Reports on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring's capabilities in the detection and quantification of arrhythmias and myocardial ischemia were identified by multiple searches on the MEDLINE database and citations from relevant articles. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that demonstrated good research methodology were reviewed. Review was limited to studies that used reel-to-reel or cassette recorders (not reel-time monitors). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Pertinent data were extracted from the studies, with specific emphasis on studies involving older patients. Prognostic findings were critically analyzed and compared between younger patients and older patients. Differences in prognoses between patients with and without underlying heart disease were assessed. CONCLUSION: Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring is a noninvasive procedure that is beneficial in stratifying older patients with heart disease into high and low risk groups for future cardiac events. The presence of complex ventricular arrhythmias or silent myocardial ischemia as documented on 24-hour monitoring, especially in combination with left ventricular dysfunction or left ventricular hypertrophy, is highly predictive of future cardiac events, including sudden cardiac death and total cardiac mortality. The use of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative electrocardiographic monitoring may also be beneficial in stratifying older surgical patients into high and low risks for postoperative cardiac events.
Making a Life in Multiethnic Miami: Immigration and the Rise of a Global City

Making a Life in Multiethnic Miami makes a significant contribution to the study of urban affairs. Elizabeth M. Aranda, Sallie Hughes, and Elena Sabogal examine three aspects of the lives of Latin ...
Inhibition by veratridine of carbachol-stimulated inositol tetrakisphosphate accumulation in rat brain cortical slices

The present studies examined the inhibitory effect of veratridine (a Na + channel activator) on carbachol (a cholinergic agonist) stimulated inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate accumulation in rat brain cortical slices. Veratridine inhibited carbachol stimulation of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate formation (after a delay of about 30 seconds) at 60 or 120 seconds when there was little inhibition of inositol 1,4,5 trisphophate accumulation. The inhibitory effect of veratridine on carbachol stimulated inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate accumulation was abolished in the presence of ouabain or tetrodotoxin but was unaffected in low calcium conditions. Veratridine reduced the total ATP content and this effect was abolished by tetrodotoxin. The inhibitory effect of 10 but not 30 μM veratridine on inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate accumulation in the presence of carbachol was reversed by the presence of exogenous 8-bromo cyclic AMP or forskolin which activates adenylyl cyclase. However, the decrease in brain slice ATP seen in the presence of veratridine was unaffected by forskolin. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that veratridine inhibition of carbachol-stimulated inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate formation is due to depletion of ATP at the site of Ins 1,3,4,5-P 4 formation from Ins 1,4,5-P 3 .
Influence of carbon chain length on the synthesis and yield of fatty amine-coated iron-platinum nanoparticles.

Iron oxide nanoparticles are among the most widely used and characterized magnetic nanoparticles. However, metal alloys such as superparamagnetic iron-platinum particles (SIPPs), which have better magnetic properties, are receiving increased attention. Scalable techniques to routinely synthesize SIPPs in bulk need further study. Here, we focus on the role played by the fatty amine ligand in the formation of the bimetallic FePt nanocrystal. More specifically, we compare the effect of varying lengths of fatty amine ligands on the shape, structure, uniformity, composition, and magnetic properties of the SIPPs. We synthesized SIPPs by employing a ‘green’ thermal decomposition reaction using fatty amine ligands containing 12 to 18 carbons in length. Greater fatty amine chain length increased the polydispersity, particle concentration, iron concentration, and the stability of the SIPPs. Additionally, longer reflux times increased the diameter of the particles, but decreased the iron concentration, suggesting that shorter reaction times are preferable. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the SIPPs indicates that the ligands are successfully bound to the FePt cores through the amine group. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry measurements suggest that all of the SIPPs were superparamagnetic at room temperature and that SIPPs synthesized using tetradecylamine had the highest saturation magnetization. Our findings indicate that the octadecylamine ligand, which is currently used for the routine synthesis of SIPPs, may not be optimal. Overall, we found that using tetradecylamine and a 30-min reflux reaction resulted in optimal particles with the highest degree of monodispersity, iron content, stability, and saturation magnetization.
The implications of emotional security theory for understanding and treating childhood psychopathology

Understanding why interparental difficulties pose a risk to children in families experiencing domestic violence is an urgent task for ameliorating childhood psychopathology, particularly in light of the paucity of knowledge on the unfolding mediating mechanisms and the potentiating and protective conditions that underlie the multiplicity of pathways between domestic violence and child maladjustment. Toward addressing this significant gap, this paper examines how the emotional security theory (EST) may foster advances in our understanding of the genesis, course, and treatment of children's psychological problems in families experiencing domestic violence. Following an overview of the theoretical assumptions and significance of translating the emotional security theory to high-risk contexts, we address how children's difficulties in preserving security may emerge in the face of domestic violence and accompanying forms of severe family adversity, and illustrate the implications of emotional insecurity for childhood psychopathology in homes characterized by domestic violences. In the final section, we address how the EST may be useful in informing public policy and intervention initiatives designed to reduce the burden of mental illness.
Canine self-assessment

19 © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd QUESTIONS 1.What are the differential diagnoses for neck pain and pyrexia? 2.Which of these does the signalment and history favour? 3.What is the significance of the abnormalities on the blood results? 4.What further tests would you perform? 5.Are there any risks involved in these tests and should any precautions be taken? 6. Interpret the results of CSF analysis (Table 2) what is the likely diagnosis? 7.How would you treat this case? 8.Are there any likely implications (side effects) of treatment in a case like this? A six month old male, entire, fully vaccinated Irish Wolfhound presented with a sudden onset one week history of malaise, anorexia, stiffness and an unwillingness to jump. There was no known history of trauma.
Utilizing a multimodal assessment strategy to examine variations of impulsivity among young adults engaged in co-occurring smoking and binge drinking behaviors

a b s t r a c t Background: Smoking among young adults predicts a greater severity of alcohol use and contributes to an increased difficulty in maturing out of heavy drinking behaviors that are established during college. Moreover, research has implicated impulsivity in the initiation and maintenance of both behaviors. Much less is known, however, about potential variations of impulsivity among young adults and whether a relationship exists between this construct and abstinence from smoking. As a result, this study examined differences and changes in trait and behavioral indices of impulsivity as a function of binge drinking among a sample of cigarette smokers using a multimodal assessment strategy. Methods: Participants (N = 40) were regular cigarette smokers who reported engagement in binge drinking or no binge drinking during the past year. All participants completed self-report and behavioral assessments of impulsivity prior to and following a period of smoking abstinence. Results: Compared to their non-binge drinking peers, binge-drinking smokers reported significantly higher scores on the UPPS (lack of) Premeditation factor (p < .05), while also exhibiting a greater deficit in inhibitory control while in a nicotine satiated state (p < .05). However, no significant differences of inhibitory control were observed between groups following the 24-h deprivation period. Conclusions: Findings suggest that baseline differences in lack of planning and inhibitory control exist among young adults who concurrently smoke and binge drink. These results provide preliminary data for the need of tailored interventions for this population. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Legal and Public Health Considerations Affecting the Success, Reach, and Impact of Menu-Labeling Laws

Because the rate of consumption of away-from-home meals has increased dramatically, the distinction between requiring nutrition information for packaged but not restaurant products is no longer reasonable. Public health necessitates that nutrition labels must be included with restaurant menus as a strategy to educate consumers and address the escalation of obesity. Menu-labeling laws are being considered at the local, state, and federal levels, but the restaurant industry opposes such action. This study discusses the public health rationale and sets forth the government's legal authority for the enactment of menu-labeling laws. It further aims to educate the public health community of the potential legal challenges to such laws, and sets forth methods for governments to survive these challenges by drafting laws according to current legal standards.