cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mouse Mast Cell Protease 9, a Novel Member of the Chromosome 14 Family of Serine Proteases that is Selectively Expressed in Uterine Mast Cells

Mouse mast cell protease (mMCP) 1, mMCP-2, mMCP-4, and mMCP-5 are members of a family of related serine proteases whose genes reside within an approximately 850 kilobase (kb) complex on chromosome 14 that does not readily undergo crossover events. While mapping the mMCP-1 gene, we isolated a novel gene that encodes a homologous serine protease designated mMCP-9. The mMCP-9 and mMCP-1 genes are only approximately 7 kb apart on the chromosome and are oriented back to back. The proximity of the mMCP-1 and mMCP-9 genes now suggests that the low recombination frequency of the complex is due to the closeness of some of its genes. The mMCP-9 transcript and protein were observed in the jejunal submucosa of Trichinella spiralis-infected BALB/c mice. However, in normal BALB/c mice, mMCP-9 transcript and protein were found only in those mast cells that reside in the uterus. Thus, the expression of mMCP-9 differs from that of all other chymases. The observation that BALB/c mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells developed with interleukin (IL) 10 and c-kit ligand contain mMCP-9 transcript, whereas those developed with IL-3 do not, indicates that the expression of this particular chymase is regulated by the cytokine microenvironment. Comparative protein structure modeling revealed that mMCP-9 is the only known granule protease with three positively charged regions on its surface. This property may allow mMCP-9 to form multimeric complexes with serglycin proteoglycans and other negatively charged proteins inside the granule. Although mMCP-9 exhibits a >50% overall amino acid sequence identity with its homologous chymases, it has a unique substrate-binding cleft. This finding suggests that each member of the chromosome 14 family of serine proteases evolved to degrade a distinct group of proteins.
The polarized Ramsey’s theorem

We study the effective and proof-theoretic content of the polarized Ramsey’s theorem, a variant of Ramsey’s theorem obtained by relaxing the definition of homogeneous set. Our investigation yields a new characterization of Ramsey’s theorem in all exponents, and produces several combinatorial principles which, modulo bounding for $${\Sigma^0_2}$$ formulas, lie (possibly not strictly) between Ramsey’s theorem for pairs and the stable Ramsey’s theorem for pairs.
East Asian Collections and Organizational Transformation in Academic Libraries

Special aspects of East Asian collections, induced by constraints in handling vernacular-language information from East Asia, have distanced those collections from mainstream academic library administration. Mean-while, substantial organizational transformation is changing the landscape of academic library management. Quality management, staffing changes, a desire for demonstrated efficiency and effectiveness, and strategic planning are some of the major forces of organizational change in academic libraries now having an effect on East Asian collections. This article explores how organizational changes affect East Asian collections, entities often marginalized in this era of transformation, and how East Asian collections should respond to the changes.
Impact-parameter dependent K-shell ionization in ion-atom collisions. II. theory

Abstract Impact-parameter dependent differential cross sections and total cross sections for K-shell vacancy formation in ion-atom collisions are discussed in terms of promotion during collisions of electrons in random walk on ladders of level crossings to the continuum.
Adolescents are more likely to develop posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder after primary Epstein-Barr virus infection than younger renal transplant recipients.

Background Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is the most important risk factor for development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Pediatric patients are often EBV seronegative pretransplant placing them at high risk. In the immune-competent population, primary herpesvirus infection is associated with higher morbidity with increasing age. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study to describe the outcome of pediatric renal transplant recipients with primary EBV infection. All patients received 3 months of ganciclovir prophylaxis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the EBV viral load. Primary EBV infection was categorized as PTLD, symptomatic infection, or subclinical infection. Results There were a total of 46 patients with primary EBV infection: 11 developed PTLD, 12 had symptomatic infection, and 23 had subclinical infection. Adolescents were significantly more likely to develop PTLD than younger transplant recipients (P=0.05, chi-square). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression found that older age was the only significant risk factor for PTLD (odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.47; P=0.03). Among the 11 cases of PTLD, there were two deaths and two graft failures which all occurred in adolescent recipients (P=0.002). Conclusions Among pediatric renal transplant recipients with primary EBV infection, adolescents are at significantly higher risk to develop PTLD and have poorer outcomes compared to younger recipients.
Technology and student services expo: creating a collaborative "one-stop-shop" for incoming students and parents during freshman orientation

The University of Rochester has developed a dynamic approach to marketing our IT services for incoming students and their families. The "Technology and Student Services Expo" was created with partners across academic and administrative departments, student services organizations and the University community. University IT remains the driving force behind the Expo, as we seek to welcome new students and their families to the University while offering them a "one-stop-shop" to interact with all the services an incoming student may need to begin a successful academic career at the University.
Charge It! Translating Electric Vehicle Research Results to Engage 7th and 8th Grade Girls

Despite attempts to generate interest in science and technology careers, US students continue to show reduced interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) majors at the collegiate level. If girls are not engaged in STEM learning by the middle school level, studies show that they are even less likely to choose a science- or engineering-related major. This article presents results from a workshop for 7th and 8th grade girls designed to promote knowledge building in the area of sustainability and alternative energy use in transportation and to stimulate greater interest in STEM subjects. The workshop based on research conducted at University X focused on basic concepts of electric vehicles and electric vehicles’ batteries. Tests were conducted to evaluate the students’ knowledge and perceptions of electric vehicles and to determine the impact of the workshop. Early exposure to meaningful engineering experiences for these young girls may boost interest and the eventual pursuit of engineering and technology education paths.
Effectiveness of manufacturing rules on driving daily production plans

Production plans are usually driven by manufacturing rules, with the objective of improving the factory's performance metrics. However, due to the dynamic nature of the manufacturing environment, an effective rule in one situation may be very ineffective in another.This study inspects the effectiveness of three manufacturing rules in terms of three important performance metrics. The three manufacturing rules are (1) line balance, (2) on-time delivery, and (3) bottleneck utilization. The three associated performance metrics are (1) effective WIP (work-in-process), (2) on-time delivery, and (3) bottleneck loading. Manufacturing data extracted from a former Motorola wafer fab is used to evaluate the effectiveness of these production plans. Analysis shows when each rule is effective or ineffective based on different factory conditions. Guidelines for manufacturing rule selection are then provided that are responsive to the current situation in a factory.
Enhancement of transplantability of 3,4,9,10-dibenzpyrene-induced fibrosarcoma in random-bred mice.

THREE polycyclic hydrocarbons—3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA) (refs. 1–3), dibenz (a, h) anthracene (DBA) (ref. 4) and dibenzo (a, i) pyreue (3,4,9,10-dibenzpyrene; DBF) (ref, 5)—have so far been shown to induce tumours antigenic to their isogeneic and/or their autologous host. The immunity produced is weak and can. usually be overcome by a sufficiently large inoculum of tumour cells. Thus, tumours induced in inbred strains with these carcinogens take successfully on implantation into isogeneic mice, but give negative results in the allogeneic or random-bred strains6–9. Our investigations on the transplantability of the DBP-induced tumour into isogeneic and allogeneic mice agree with these findings. DBP-induced fibrosarcomata originally induced in strain A/Heston mice or BALB/c mice and transplanted into isogeneic hosts have been successfully transplanted, whereas the random-bred CRCD ♀ mouse was resistant to allografts of the induced tumour and we concluded that growth failure was due to an allograft response.
Cardioprotective benefits of hormone replacement therapy.

Purpose To examine the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on adverse cardiac events in postmenopausal women. Data Sources A systematic review of all available scientific literature (513 articles) on the cardioprotective benefits of HRT, including research reports, meta-analyses, and commentaries. Conclusions Epidemiological studies have consistently suggested that HRT administered to post-menopausal women significantly lowers the risks of cardiovascular events. However, the claimed benefits might have been exaggerated. The results of the only large randomized clinical trial did not show similar benefits as those reported from observational studies. Research findings about cardiovascular protection of HRT remain inconclusive. Implications for Practice While waiting for more definitive data, it is appropriate to consider other options that have been proven safe and effective in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Comparative study of the kinetics of methane steam reforming on supported Ni and Sn/Ni alloy catalysts: The impact of the formation of Ni alloy on chemistry

We report the results of detailed kinetic studies for methane steam reforming on supported Ni and Sn/Ni surface alloy catalysts. The kinetic data were interpreted in terms of mechanism-based overall rate expression. We show that the activation of CH bonds in methane is the rate-controlling step on both catalysts. Isotopic CH4/CD4 labeling studies were performed to independently verify the proposed mechanism. The role of Sn is to displace Ni atoms from under-coordinated sites on Ni particles and to move the critical reaction channels to more abundant well-coordinated sites. We show that previously observed increased resistance to carbon deactivation of Sn/Ni compared to monometallic Ni in hydrocarbon reforming reactions can be attributed to the Sn-induced lowering in the binding energy of carbon on low-coordinate sites, which serve as carbon nucleation centers, and to an enhanced propensity of Sn/Ni to oxidize carbon surface species. The conclusions derived from the experimental studies are in agreement with DFT calculations.
Ethnicity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Asian Americans Residing in Michigan

Asian Americans are at least 4% of the US population, but there are very few studies about the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among this group. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among Asian Americans in the United States. Limited research that studied cardiovascular risks among Asian Americans were available, therefore, more information is urgently needed. Cross-sectional surveys and blood tests were conducted at community-based health fairs in southeastern Michigan. A total of 388 Asian participants provided data for this analysis. The results showed that four Asian groups differ in the level of specific risk factors; in particular, the most urgent hypertension and cholesterol problems were found among Chinese and Filipino participants, while the risk of diabetes may be highest among the Hmong participants. The results from the multivariate analysis showed that after controlling for demographic and medical care-related factors in the model, ethnicity is still a significant predictor that contributed to the differences in CVD risks. The results show that cardiovascular and diabetes risks are high in the Asian American populations studied. Attention needs to be paid to the extent and nature of ethnic-specific health problems because each culture’s health-related habits and beliefs affect their entry into preventive care so that strategies can be designed and implemented to effectively reduce and ultimately eliminate health disparities.
Magnetospheric Multiscale Instrument Suite Operations and Data System

The four Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft will collect a combined volume of approximately 100 gigabits per day of particle and field data. On average, only 4 gigabits of that volume can be transmitted to the ground. To maximize the scientific value of each transmitted data segment, MMS has developed the Science Operations Center (SOC) to manage science operations, instrument operations, and selection, downlink, distribution, and archiving of MMS science data sets. The SOC is managed by the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) in Boulder, Colorado and serves as the primary point of contact for community participation in the mission. MMS instrument teams conduct their operations through the SOC, and utilize the SOC's Science Data Center (SOC) for data management and distribution. The SOC provides a single mission data archive for the housekeeping and science data, calibration data, ephemerides, attitude and other ancillary data needed to support the scientific use and interpretation. All levels of data products will reside at and be publicly disseminated from the SDC. Documentation and metadata describing data products, algorithms, instrument calibrations, validation, and data quality will be provided. Arguably, the most important innovation developed by the SOC is the MMS burst data management and selection system. With nested automation and 'Scientist-in-the-Loop' (SITL) processes, these systems are designed to maximize the value of the burst data by prioritizing the data segments selected for transmission to the ground. This paper describes the MMS science operations approach, processes and data systems, including the burst system and the SITL concept.
BladeCenter packaging, power, and cooling

This paper addresses the packaging, power, and cooling of the IBM eServerTM BladeCenter® compact server infrastructure consisting of 14 servers in a 7U (1U = 44.45 mm) vertical space for installation in an industry-standard rack. A typical rack is 42U tall. Therefore, six BladeCenter systems will fit in a rack, for a total of 84 servers. The density of a BladeCenter system (servers/ U) is double that of previous 1U rack-optimized servers. To build such a dense server system required overcoming a multitude of challenges in packaging, power, and cooling design. Our approach to these challenges is described, but in the broader context of not only increasing the density, but setting a new server standard for a highly available redundant infrastructure with integrated systems management and network switching that uses less power and is simple to maintain on site or remotely, even by nonspecialized personnel. Server processors, memory, storage, and input/output devices were combined in a single compact server unit called a processor blade, while the support infrastructure, such as systems management, network connectivity, optical media, power, and cooling, was consolidated in a single structure and shared among many servers. The result is a package architecture that lends itself well to standardization. Custom server blades and input/output devices may be designed in accordance with BladeCenter base specifications and be effectively integrated into the blade server system.
Defective proliferative capacity and accelerated telomeric loss of hematopoietic progenitor cells in rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), telomeres of lymphoid and myeloid cells are age-inappropriately shortened, suggesting excessive turnover of hematopoietic precursor cells (HPC). We have examined functional competence (proliferative capacity, maintenance of telomeric reserve) of CD34+ HPC in RA.
The justification and selection of scientific theories

This paper is a critique of a project, outlined by Laudan et al. (1986) recently in this journal, for empirically testing philosophical models of change in science by comparing them against the historical record of actual scientific practice. While the basic idea of testing such models of change in the arena of science is itself an appealing one, serious questions can be raised about the suitability of seeking confirmation or disconfirmation for large numbers of specific theses drawn from a massive list of claims abstracted from the writings of a few philosophers of science. The present paper discusses what one might reasonably expect from a model of change in science and then compares some clusters of theses from Laudan et al. with developments in recent theoretical physics. The results suggest that such straightforward testing of theses may be largely inconclusive.
Addressing Issues of Cultural Diversity in Business Communication

The global business community makes understanding cultural differences importantfor business communication students, ourfuture managers and negotiators. But discussions of cultural diversity or multiculturalism should not be limited to cultures of a foreign country only. They should also include an understanding of the diversity within one culture. This article discusses several terms used to denote cultural diversity and their implications and then provides assignments that give students experience in researching various aspects of "culture," in exploring issues of cultural diversity, and in producing appropriate documents.
When you're not the Brady Bunch: Identifying perceived conflicts and resolution strategies in stepfamilies

This study was a qualitative analysis of interviews from 58 members of 17 stepfamilies regarding the sources of conflict and conflict resolution strategies. The majority of conflicts resulted from negotiation of family boundaries and were manifested in the following ways: (a) disagreements over resources; (b) loyalty conflicts; (c) individuals holding a “guard and protect” ideology; and (d) conflict with extended family members Wide arrays of resolution strategies were used, and some, but not all, resulted in positive outcomes.
A photorepressible isozyme of malic enzyme in Euglena gracilis strain Z.

SYNOPSIS. Isozymes of malic enzyme in Euglena gracilis strain Z were analyzed by starch-gel electrophoresis. Wild-type and heat-bleached strains were cultured in the light and the dark in the presence of various carbon sources. An isozyme detectable in heterotrophic cultures was repressed by photosynthesis. A model is proposed to explain photorepression of this isozyme.
Direct seeding for riparian tree re-vegetation: Small-scale field study of seeding methods and irrigation techniques

Restoration of wetland and associated ecosystems is a major goal of land management agencies throughout the world. On the lower Colorado River, creation of riparian forests is planned to mitigate riparian habitat degradation by historic land-use conversions and river management. Current restoration practices use propagated plant stock. If direct seeding can be implemented, genetic and structural diversity could be enhanced at restoration sites even while reducing costs compared to vegetative propagation methods. A small-scale field study was implemented in Cibola, Arizona, to determine the effectiveness of direct seeding of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), Goodding's willow (Salix gooddingii), and coyote willow (S. exigua). For the first growing season, establishment of Fremont cottonwood averaged 7% of pure live seed rates for all treatments combined, whereas establishment of willows was less than 1%. Volunteer species were abundant, with grasses dominating cover and biomass after one growing season. Saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) established in abundance, but showed lower growth rates than Fremont cottonwood during the first growing season. Monitoring for three growing seasons indicated higher growth rates and survival of Fremont cottonwood compared to all volunteer species. Study results indicated that direct seeding of Fremont cottonwood is likely to be an efficient method for tree re-vegetation. Additional studies are required for willow species to determine if establishment from seed can be increased through enhanced weed control and elimination of Fremont cottonwood from the seed mix.
Introducing change to transportation and energy systems: the case of alcohol fuels

The most intractable energy problem may be transportation fuels. As petroleum becomes scarcer and more expensive, the search for alternative energy sources becomes more urgent. Sometime soon we must diverge onto new and different energy pathways. What are those alternative pathways? They are well known: battery power, electrified roadways, hydrogen, alcohol and petroleum‐like liquids derived from coal and shale oil. But of these options, only the liquid fuels are likely to play a major role in vehicle propulsion over the next 75 years or so. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the electric alternatives for motor vehicles ‐‐ battery vehicles and electrified roadways ‐‐ are falling short of the promises made for them in past years. Battery technology is developing very slowly; electrified roadways would incur tremendous up‐front capital costs and be highly disruptive. Neither electric option is likely to play a major role. Hydrogen also is not likely to replace petroleum to any large extent. Hydrogen ...
Isolation of phenotypically distinct trophoblast cell lines from normal rat chorioallantoic placentas

Abstract Growth characteristics and the expression of trophoblast-associated markers by six cell lines generated from midgestation chorioallantoic placentas of outbred (Holtzman) and inbred (Lewis, PVG.RTi r8 ) rats were evaluated. The cells comprising all cell lines were epithelioid (contained cytokeratin-type intermediate filaments), had normal (2 n , 4 n ) DNA content, and synthesized the extracellular matrix glycoprotein laminin. Variability was observed among the lines in all other characteristics: median cell size, rate of growth, serum dependency, responses to transferrin and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate, synthesis of some major proteins, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the expression of immunoreactive placental lactogen-II. In general, cell lines with smaller mean cell sizes grew rapidly and required little serum for maintenance in vitro; cell lines with larger mean sizes grew more slowly and preferred higher concentrations of serum. Some associations between mean cell size/rate of growth and other characteristics were observed. No major differences were apparent between cell lines generated from outbred and inbred rat placentas. Trophoblast cell lines expressing distinct phenotypes provide a valuable new approach for studying a wide range of trophoblast cell activities.
Infrared spectra and density functional calculations for three Pt-C2H2 reaction product isomers: PtCCH2, HPtCCH, and Pt-η2-(C2H2)

Laser-ablated Pt atoms react with C2H2 upon co-condensation in excess argon and neon to form the vinylidene PtCCH2, the insertion product HPtCCH, and the strong complex or metallacyclopropene Pt−η2-(C2H2). These species are identified through 13C2H2, C2D2, and C2HD isotopic substitutions and density functional theory isotopic frequency calculations. The global energy minimum PtCCH2 is identified at 3022.4 cm-1 (C−H stretching), 1716.5 cm-1 (C−C stretching), and 707.9 cm-1 (CH2 deformation) in an argon matrix. The C−C stretching modes for Pt−η2-(C2H2) and HPtCCH are observed at 1653.7 and 2016.2 cm-1, respectively. In addition, the insertion product HPtCCH is identified by a Pt−H stretching mode at 2350.8 cm-1 and a C−C stretching mode at 2010.4 cm-1 in the neon matrix. The most stable PtCCH2 vinylidene isomer is the favored primary product. The strong complex Pd−η2-(C2H2) rearranges by 1,2 hydrogen atom migration to form the vinylidene PtCCH2 on 240−290 nm photolysis and on reaction during annealing solid...
CFTC overhauls customer protection requirements

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to summarize the Commodity Futures Trading Commission's (CFTC) recent overhaul of its customer protection rules, which regulate how futures commission merchants (FCMs) and derivatives clearing organizations (DCOs) handle customer funds. Design/methodology/approach – The paper summarizes the most significant aspects of the CFTC's October 30, 2013 customer protection rulemaking, explains FCM and DCO obligations under the new regulatory regime, and sets forth a compliance timeline. Findings – The CFTC's recent overhaul of its customer protection rules impose significant new requirements on FCMs and DCOs in their handling of customer funds. Practical implications – All FCMs and DCOs that handle customer funds should review these new rules and begin putting into place policies and procedures to ensure their compliance as each new requirement comes into effect. Originality/value – The CFTC's overhaul of its customer protection regime is new and significant. FCMs and DCOs need to understand their new obligations under the rules. As these new rules are the CFTC's regulatory response to the events that led to the insolvencies of MF Global and Peregrine Financial Group, these developments also should be of interest to futures and swaps market participants generally.
Visual Guidance in Infants' Reaching toward Suddenly Displaced Targets

This experiment evaluated the role of visual input about the location of a target object and the location of the hand in reaching by infants and adults. 5- and 9-month-old infants were presented with illuminated toys to reach for in a dark room. On no-switch trials, the toy remained illuminated throughout the infant's reach, whereas on switch trials the first-lit toy was replaced during the reach by a second-lit toy at a different position. On approximately half of the trials of each type a luminescent marker was attached to the reaching hand. Adult subjects (tested without the hand marker) fully compensated to the second-lit toy on switch trials, during a second reaching segment. On switch trials, 9-month-olds partially adjusted to the second-lit toy when wearing the hand marker and did not adjust without it. On no-switch trials, 9-month-olds reached just as accurately with or without the hand marker. 5-month-olds were generally inaccurate in their reaching and were unaffected by the presence or absence of the hand marker. The findings suggest that during the development of reaching there is an increase in visual guidance during the approach phase of reaches.
Service-Learning Pathologies and Prognoses

This essay diagnoses and suggests treatments for several pathologies that afflict service-learning. Structural challenges include geographic isolation and optimization of institutional administration. Student challenges include reinforcing stereotypes, deficiencies in practical skills, elitism regarding suitable service, underdeveloped empathy, and excessive focus on time spent in service. Community partner challenges include appropriately defining student labor and systematically under-reporting negative experiences. The prognosis explores how service-learning projects could instigate student engagement with the systemic nature of social injustice.
Peptides with antimicrobial activity of the brevinin-1 family isolated from skin secretions of the southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala

Three peptides with growth-inhibitory activity towards the gram-negative bacterium Eschericia coli were isolated from electrically stimulated secretions from the skin of the southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala. Structural characterization demonstrated that the peptides [brevinin-1Sa, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 55 microM; brevinin-1Sb, MIC = 17 microM; brevinin-1Sc, MIC = 14 microM] represent new members of the brevinin-1 family of antimicrobial peptides, previously isolated from several other species of frogs of the genus Rana. Their high concentration in skin secretions and extreme variability in amino acid sequence suggest that the brevinin family of peptides may be of value as molecular markers for the identification and taxonomic classification of Ranid frogs.
Measurement of lingual and palatine somatosensory evoked potentials

Abstract Objective : A technique is presented for generating and recording lingual and palatine nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). Methods : Pairs of thin, stainless steel disk electrodes were mounted onto mandibular or maxillary acrylic splints, similar to orthodontic retainers. Mandibular splint electrodes were oriented to contact the under surface of the tongue along the course of the right and left lingual nerves and maxillary splint electrodes were oriented to contact the hard palate bilaterally along the course of the palatine nerves. SEP recording electrodes were placed on the scalp 1 cm posterior to C5 and C6 (C5′ and C6′, respectively) using the combinatorial nomenclature of the International 10–20 system. Two reference electrode locations, Fz and C5′ or C6′, over the cortical hemisphere opposite that of the recording electrode, were used. Results : Right and left lingual and palatine nerve SEPs were recorded from five normal adults. SEP latencies were similar to the N13 and P18 cortical peak latencies recorded in previous studies of trigeminal nerve branches to the lips regardless of reference electrode position. Conclusions : A more precise method of stimulating the intraoral lingual and palatine nerves was accomplished using dental splints. SEPs were easier to obtain using a contralateral cortex reference electrode location.
Stability analysis and maldistribution control of two-phase flow in parallel evaporating channels

Parallel channel heat transfer system is an attractive means to enhance heat transfer by increasing the total surface area in the heat exchanger. Uniform distribution of flow in the channels is an important operation attribute in order to avoid channel dryout and the subsequent hot spots and possible device failure. For the system operating in the single-phase regime, uniform flow distribution is a stable equilib- rium. However, in the two-phase boiling regime, stable equilibrium bifurcates - the uniform distribution becomes unstable, and new stable or unstable non-uniform distributions, or maldistributions, equilibria emerge. As a result, parallel channel heat exchangers typically operate in the single phase regime to avoid such ''maldistribution instability''. This paper presents a stability analysis and active flow and tempera- ture control of a parallel channel evaporator in a pumped two-phase boiling heat transfer loop. We show that for identical channels, the system is uncontrollable with the pump alone and unobservable from the overall flow rate measurement. A conventional solution involves introducing additional valve-induced pressure drop, but the drawback is a resulting higher pumping power. We present a new, somewhat sur- prising, result that if the channel characteristics are all distinct, the system actually becomes controllable from the pump and observable from the total loop flow rate. For non-identical parallel systems, we show a controller design approach and demonstrate its efficacy through a simulation example.
Alterations in plasma sialyltransferase levels in patients with neoplastic disease

Levels of glycoprotein:sialyltransferase activity (EC 2.4.99.1; CMP-acetyl-neuraminate:D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N-acetylneuraminyl-transferase) were measured in plasma of patients with neoplastic disease, and were found elevated above normal control values in 85% of patients examined. There was a correlation between enzyme levels and course of disea-e in 46 of 57 patients studied serially during therapy. Plasma sialyltransferase may be a useful marker enzyme for monitoring effectiveness of therapeutic programs for disseminated neoplasms.
Inferring novel associations between SNP sets and gene sets in eQTL study using sparse graphical model

Genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies have emerged as a powerful tool to understand the genetic basis of gene expression and complex traits. The traditional eQTL methods focus on testing the associations between individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene expression traits. A major drawback of this approach is that it cannot model the joint effect of a set of SNPs on a set of genes, which may corresponds to biological pathways. In this paper, we propose a sparse (l1-regularized) graphical model, SET-eQTL, to identify novel associations between sets of SNPs and sets of genes. Such associations are captured by hidden variables connecting SNPs and genes. These hidden variables also naturally model the potential effect of unknown confounding factors. We compare three different methods on a yeast segregant dataset. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed graphical model SET-eQTL achieves better performance than the other two alternatives.
Magnet fringe fields, nonlinear effects, and compensation in large acceptance rings

The importance of nonlinear effects has been well known in the field of modern high resolution spectrography and in other areas requiring the precise manipulation of large phase space volumes. Simulations for such devices require treating the field as precisely as possible; furthermore the required large aperture of the appearing magnets usually makes the consideration of fringe fields crucial. In conventional proton beam rings, many of the nonlinear effects can often be safely neglected because of the relatively small emittances. This is not the case anymore in large acceptance rings such as those to be used for the various muon accelerator scenarios, where the difficulty and expense of cooling requires the ability to manipulate a beam of unusually large emittance. We will discuss various nonlinear effects including those due to fringe fields and the so-called kinematic correction for proposed muon storage rings, and present novel methods of symplectic tracking and other nonlinear analysis tools as well as schemes to compensate the nonlinear effects.
Local energy landscape flattening: parallel hyperbolic Monte Carlo sampling of protein folding.

Among the major difficulties in protein structure prediction is the roughness of the energy landscape that must be searched for the global energy minimum. To address this issue, we have developed a novel Monte Carlo algorithm called parallel hyperbolic sampling (PHS) that logarithmically flattens local high-energy barriers and, therefore, allows the simulation to tunnel more efficiently through energetically inaccessible regions to low-energy valleys. Here, we show the utility of this approach by applying it to the SICHO (SIde-CHain-Only) protein model. For the same CPU time, the parallel hyperbolic sampling method can identify much lower energy states and explore a larger region phase space than the commonly used replica sampling (RS) Monte Carlo method. By clustering the simulated structures obtained in the PHS implementation of the SICHO model, we can successfully predict, among a representative benchmark 65 proteins set, 50 cases in which one of the top 5 clusters have a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) from the native structure below 6.5 A. Compared with our previous calculations that used RS as the conformational search procedure, the number of successful predictions increased by four and the CPU cost is reduced. By comparing the structure clusters produced by both PHS and RS, we find a strong correlation between the quality of predicted structures and the minimum relative RMSD (mrRMSD) of structures clusters identified by using different search engines. This mrRMSD correlation may be useful in blind prediction as an indicator of the likelihood of successful folds.
Tyrosinase-Induced Free Radical Formation From VP-16,213: Relationship To Cytotoxicity

Tyrosinase-dependent activation of hydroxybenzenes forms reactive compounds, including catechols and o-quinones, and some of which show antitumor activity against pigmented melanomas. Since VP-16 is a phenoxy-containing antitumor drug, forms free radicals and reactive o-quinones during peroxidative activation, wc evaluated the cytotoxicity of VP-16 to both tyrosinase-containing and non-tyrosinasecontaining tumor cells. Our results show that VP-16 is significantly more cytotoxic to B-16/F-10 melanoma cells than human MCF-7 breast tumor cells. Phenylthiocarbamide, an inhibitor of tyrosinase activity, selectively decreased VP-16 toxicity only in melanoma cells. Furthermore, VP-16 was readily activated to its phenoxy free radical intermediate by purified tyrosinase, indicating tyrosinase may play a role in VP-16 toxicity in pigminted melanomas.
A Flow Visualization Study of Vortex Interaction With the Wake of a Sphere

A study of the interaction between an initially columnar intake vortex (hereinafter referred to as the primary vortex) and vortex structures in the wake of a single sphere (hereinafter referred to as secondary vortices) is performed using a series of flow visualization experiments, in which a sphere is towed toward a stationary vortex with ambient axial flow and gradually decelerated to rest at a specified distance from the vortex core axis. Both the primary vortex core and the boundary layer of the sphere are visualized using laser-induced fluorescent dyes of two different colors, which are illuminated either with a laser sheet or a laser volume. The strength of the primary vortex is measured using particle-image velocimetry, which is also used to measure the strength of the secondary vortices in select cases. The form of the sphere wake in the presence of the primary vortex and the effect of the induced velocity from the secondary vortices on the primary vortex are studied for different values of the vortex-sphere separation distance, the sphere diameter, and the primary vortex core radius
Wegener’s Granulomatosis and α1-Antitrypsin-Deficiency Emphysema: Proteinase-Related Diseases

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and α 1 -antitrypsin (α 1 -AT)-deficiency emphysema are both uncommon disorders. A relationship may exist between these diseases involving the proteinase and antiproteinase balance in the lung. A case is presented of WG and α 1 -AT-deficiency emphysema occurring in the same patient. Previous studies concerning the correlation between abnormal α 1 -AT alleles and WG are discussed. Potential mechanisms for the relationship and recommendations for screening are given.
Stereotactic radiosurgery boost to the resection cavity for cerebral metastases: Report of overall survival, complications, and corticosteroid protocol.

Background This report focuses on the overall survival and complications associated with treatment of cerebral metastases with surgical resection followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Management and complications of corticosteroid therapy are underreported in the literature but represent an important source of morbidity for patients. Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients underwent surgical resection of a cerebral metastasis followed by SRS to the cavity. Patient charts were reviewed retrospectively to ascertain overall survival, local control, surgical complications, SRS complications, and corticosteroid complications. Results Our mean follow-up was 14.4 months (median 12.0 months, range 0.9-62.9 months). Median overall survival in this series was 15.25 months and local control was 98.3%. There was a statistically significant survival benefit conferred by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis Classes 1 and 2. The surgical complication rate was 6.8% while the SRS complication rate was 2.4%. Corticosteroid complications are reported and dependence at 1 month was 20.3%, at 3 months 6.8%, at 6 months 1.7%, and at 12 months no patients remained on corticosteroid therapy. Conclusions Overall survival and local control with this treatment paradigm compare well to the other published literature. Complications associated with this patient population are low. A corticosteroid tapering protocol is proposed and demonstrated lower rates of steroid-related complications and dependence than previously reported.
Learning to divide the labor: an account of deficits in light and heavy verb production

Theories of sentence production that involve a convergence of activation from conceptual-semantic and syntactic-sequential units inspired a connectionist model that was trained to produce simple sentences. The model used a learning algorithm that resulted in a sharing of responsibility (or “division of labor”) between syntactic and semantic inputs for lexical activation according to their predictive power. Semantically rich, or “heavy”, verbs in the model came to rely on semantic cues more than on syntactic cues, whereas semantically impoverished, or “light”, verbs relied more on syntactic cues. When the syntactic and semantic inputs were lesioned, the model exhibited patterns of production characteristic of agrammatic and anomic aphasic patients, respectively. Anomic models tended to lose the ability to retrieve heavy verbs, whereas agrammatic models were more impaired in retrieving light verbs. These results obtained in both sentence production and single-word naming simulations. Moreover, simulated agrammatic lexical retrieval was more impaired overall in sentences than in single-word tasks, in agreement with the literature. The results provide a demonstration of the division-of-labor principle, as well as general support for the claim that connectionist learning principles can contribute to the understanding of non-transparent neuropsychological dissociations. © 2002 Cognitive Science Society, Inc. All rights reserved.
An on-sun comparison of GaInP/sub 2//GaAs tandem cells with top cell thickness varied

This study compares the on-sun performance of a set of GaInP/sub 2//GaAs tandem cells with different GaInP/sub 2/ top-cell thicknesses. Because high-efficiency III-V cells are best suited to concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) applications, the cells were mounted on a two-axis tracker with the incident sunlight collimated to exclude all except the direct beam. Current-voltage (I-V) curves were taken throughout the course of several days, along with measurements of the direct solar spectrum. Our two major conclusions are: (1) GaInP/sub 2//GaAs tandem cells designed for an "air mass 1.5 global" (AM 1.5G) or a "low aerosol optical depth" (Low AOD) spectrum perform the best, and (2) cells can be characterized indoors and modeled using outdoor spectra to predict the correct result. These results are equally valid for GaInP/sub 2//GaAs/Ge triple-junction cells.
Iron chelator deferoxamine alters iron-regulatory genes and proteins and suppresses osteoblast phenotype in fetal rat calvaria cells

There are few studies describing the extent to which low iron status affects osteoblastogenesis, despite evidence that iron deficiency produces adverse effects on bone density. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alterations in intracellular iron status by measuring iron-regulated gene and protein expression and to describe development of osteoblast phenotype in primary cells treated with iron chelator deferoxamine (DFOM) during differentiation. Using the well-described fetal rat calvaria model, cells were incubated with 0-8 microM DFOM throughout differentiation (confluence to day (D) 21), or only during early differentiation (confluence to D13-15) or late differentiation (D13-15 to D21). Changes in intracellular iron status were determined by measuring alterations in gene and protein expression of transferrin receptor and ferritin light chain and heavy chain. Development of osteoblast phenotype was monitored by measuring expression of genes that are known to be up-regulated during differentiation, analyzing the percentage of mineralized surface area, and counting the number of multi-layered bone nodules at the end of culture. Results indicate that treatment throughout differentiation with 8 microM DFOM alters iron-regulated genes and proteins by mid-differentiation (D13-15) in a pattern consistent with iron deficiency with concomitant down-regulation of osteoblast phenotype genes, especially osteocalcin. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase staining was lower and there was about 70% less mineralized surface area (p<0.05) by D21 in wells treated throughout differentiation with 8 microM DFOM compared to control. Down-regulation of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase mRNA (p<0.05) and suppressed mineralization (p<0.05) was also evident at D21 in cells treated only during early differentiation. In contrast, treatment during late differentiation did not alter osteoblastic outcomes by D21. In conclusion, it appears that iron is required for normal osteoblast phenotype development, and that early rather than late differentiation events may be more sensitive to iron availability.
Qualitative and quantitative car tracking from a range image sequence

In this paper, we present a car tracking system which provides quantitative and qualitative motion estimates of the tracked car simultaneously from a moving observer. First, we construct three motion models (constant velocity, constant acceleration, and turning) to describe the qualitative motion of a moving car. Then the models are incorporated into the Extended Kalman Filters to perform quantitative tracking. Finally, we develop, an Extended Interacting Multiple Model (EIMM) algorithm to manage the switching between models and to output both qualitative and quantitative motion estimates of the tracked car. Accurate motion modeling and efficient model management result in a high performance tracking system. The experimental results on simulated and real data demonstrate that our tracking system is reliable and robust, and runs in real-time. The multiple motion representations make the system useful in various autonomous driving tasks.
INTEGRATIVE MULTI-LEVEL THERAPY: A COMPREHENSIVE INTERPERSONAL AND INTRAPSYCHIC APPROACH*

Integrative Multi-Level Therapy (IMLT) is a comprehensive interpersonal and intrapsychic approach to clinical assessment and therapeutic intervention with distressed individuals, couples and families. In this article, the principles and practice of IMLT are presented and illustrated with clinical examples. Research support for the IMLT approach is described.