cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research in oceanography at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution during April 1947 to April 1948

During the past year, much of the effort at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has gone into field observations. Increased operating costs and commitments for scientific salaries make it impossible any longer to finance our research vessel Atlantis from endowed income. Thus her continued employment has depended on funds provided by the government and by grants from scientific societies. It has been our feeling that the primary need in oceanography is still for more and better observations, rather than for theory or the study of old data. We have, therefore, emphasized field work in the expectation that it might soon have to be sharply curtailed.
The Sixth Pacific Vascular Symposium The Venous Ulcer Summit

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common problem worldwide and is primarily related to venous insufficiency of the lower extremity veins. The etiology may be primary, due to venous valvular incompetence; or secondary, due to post deep vein thrombosis (DVT) vein wall damage. The clinical presentation includes leg swelling, pain, lipodermatosclerosis, hyperpigmentation, and venous stasis ulcers (VSUs) (found in the most severe cases). This affects 2.5 million patients per year in the United States and is estimated to cost more than $3 billion per year.1,2 The acute ulcers are problematic and require prolonged medical and surgical care; the recurrence rate of VSUs may be as high as 70%.3 Lack of disease understanding, lack of physician interest, and diffusion of patient care across multiple specialties all contribute to lack of CVD progress. In addition to a thorough medical history and physical examination, standard diagnostic testing for those who present with a VSU should include venous duplex ultrasonography. This yields information about luminal obstruction (post DVT), valvular competence, and whether the insufficiency affects the superficial, deep, or both vein systems anatomically. Similarly, an ideal biomarker would prognosticate patients with mild CVD, either primary or secondary, to either high or low risk of VSU and would be useful for guiding therapeutic interventions. Although several biomarkers, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein, have shown some correlation with CVD severity, none are robust enough to use routinely at this point. The Sixth Pacific Vascular Symposium was conducted under the auspices of …
Surface measurements of precipitation from an ocean mooring : The underwater acoustic log from the South China sea

Surface measurements of precipitation in oceanic environments have proven especially difficult to obtain because traditional technologies such as tipping-bucket rain gauges are unsuitable for deployment from oceanic platforms such as ships and moorings. Recently, the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has modified a collection gauge, the R. M. Young Company rain gauge, for long-term deployment on deep ocean moorings. This instrumentation package was deployed during part of the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment. Also deployed on the same mooring were two acoustic rain gauges (ARGs) that monitor precipitation through the interpretation of the high-frequency, from 500 to 50 000 Hz, underwater sound field. The mooring was located at 20822.29N, 116831.29E and was in place from 7 April‐5 June 1998. Unfortunately, pirates stole the surface instrumentation on 6 May 1998, limiting data from the R. M. Young rain gauge to satellite transmissions prior to the attack. The ARGs survived the attack and reported data throughout the deployment. The acoustic data are interpreted to provide quantification of wind speed; detection, classification, and quantification of rainfall; and the detection and quantification of near-surface bubble layers. Percentage-of-time-raining data from the two rainfall measurements are in excellent agreement. Based on comparison with the R. M. Young rain gauge data, modified acoustic rainfall algorithms are proposed. The acoustic detection of several instances of high near-surface bubble injections during extremely heavy rainfall is described.
Outcome following tricuspid valve detachment for ventricular septal defects closure.

Objectives: Detachment of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve from the annulus (TVD) has been used to improve visualization of ventricular septal defects (VSDs), but may be associated with increased operative time, heart block, and the development of tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Methods: Patients undergoing VSD closure between 1/1/96 and 31/12/99 were retrospectively reviewed. Follow-up was obtained from the patients’ cardiologists. Results: Transatrial VSD closure was performed in 172 patients with TVD in 36 (21%) at the surgeon’s discretion. The leaflet incision was repaired with a separate suture (22) or with the VSD patch suture (14). Additional procedures including arch augmentation, closure of atrial septal defects, and closure of additional VSDs were performed in 93 (68%) non-TVD patients and 20 (56%) TVD patients. The median age was 6.2 months (range 1 day to 46 years) and the median weight was 5.9 kg (range 1.5‐71.5 kg). Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was 64 ^ 24 min and cross-clamp time was 34 ^ 16 min. One hospital death occurred in an infant with tracheal stenosis. No child in either group developed complete heart block. The median duration of postoperative stay was 4 days (range 2‐49 days). There were no differences in CPB time, cross-clamp time or postoperative stay between the TVD and non-TVD groups (P . 0:1 for all). At a mean follow-up of 17 ^ 15 months, there have been two late deaths unrelated to cardiac disease. No child in the TVD group required reoperation for residual VSD, compared to three in the non-TVD group. No child in the TVD group has greater than mild TR, but six in the non-TVD group have greater than mild TR. No child in either group has undergone reoperation for TR. Conclusions: TVD is a safe, effective technique to improve visualization of VSD and is not associated with heart block, increased operative time, or TR. TVD may result in improved preservation of tricuspid valve architecture and decrease the incidence of significant postoperative TR. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Inhomogeneous Mixed Valency: Paramagnetic Dimers

We shall review the evidence for what is apparently a new magnetic species: ordered magnetic dimers intrinsic to a crystalline lattice. The dimers have been detected in a class of inhomogeneous, mixed-valence compounds known as the Magneli titanium oxides.
Simple Density-independent Growth

Between 1966 and 1971, Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) abundance in Darrtown, OH, USA, seemed to increase very quickly, seemingly unimpeded by any particular factor (Fig. 1.1a). In an e_ort to manage this population, we may want to predict its future population size. We may also want to describe its growth rate and population size in terms of mechanisms that could inuence its growth rate. We may want to compare its growth and relevant mechanisms to those of other Song Sparrow populations or even to other passerine populations. These goals, prediction, explanation, and generalization, are frequently the goals toward which we strive in modeling anything, including populations, communities, and ecosystems. In this book, we start with simple models of populations and slowly add complexity to both the form of the model, and the analysis of its behavior. As we move along, we also practice applying these models to real populations.
Claiming Centrality in the Chinese World: Manchu–Chosŏn Relations and the Making of the Qing's “Zhongguo” Identity, 1616–43

By examining transformations of Manchu–Chosŏn relations from 1616 to 1643, the author argues that the Manchu regime invoked its new position of the “Central Kingdom” to construct its politico-cultural identity as “Zhongguo” before 1644. After it imposed a “younger brother” relationship on Chosŏn in 1627, the Manchu regime developed a new political discourse regarding Chosŏn, the Ming, and other political entities. In this way, it started claiming centrality in the Chinese world. It also expressed the goal of transforming into Zhongguo and began barbarianizing other countries as a concurrent process of its Sinicization. By further imposing the Zongfan (a.k.a. tributary) relationship on Chosŏn in 1637, the Qing started to replace the Ming's central position in the Chinese world and eliminate its former identity as barbarian. The intensive Qing–Chosŏn communications between 1637 and 1643 strengthened the Qing's identity as Zhongguo and contributed to the rise of the “Chosŏn Model” for Qing China.
Inner-city trauma centers. Financial burdens or community saviors?

Trauma systems have proved effective in reducing morbidity and mortality rates. Depending on a center's geographic location and patient mix between penetrating and blunt trauma, participation in a system may be a liability or an asset. In general, inner-city hospitals tend to see more indigent patients and to have sizeable financial losses. At the same time, they provide an invaluable service to any community, and their ability to do so must be preserved. The two important issues of malpractice and uncompensated care threaten to destroy the very concept of trauma care and therefore pose a serious threat to the health care profession. Solutions are possible, but it will take a significant public awareness and education campaign to elicit the support and initiate the programs that will ensure that every injured patient has an opportunity to receive the best of trauma care. Inner-city hospitals are both a financial burden and a community savior. Language: en
Sensational biofilms: surface sensing in bacteria

The first step in the development of a bacterial biofilm is contact with the surface on which the microbe will form this community. We review recent progress on 'surface sensing', and engage the question of 'how does a microbe know it is on a surface?'
Should Different Information Economies Have the Same Duration of Copyright

Copyright has been increasingly internationalized and, recently, more and more harmonized. However, there has been little theoretical study of international copyright. This paper develops and analyzes a non-cooperative two-country model of copyright, where two countries trade in information goods and each with an open and competitive information goods industry sets copyright policy to pursue self-national interest. The model suggests that an increase in demand for information goods in a country calls for longer copyright protection in this country and shorter protection in its trading partner; decreases in fixed or per-product creative costs in a country with lower such costs call for marginally shorter protection; and an improvement in the economies of creative scale in a country with better economies of creative scale calls for marginally longer protection. Understanding these rational responses of nations to changes in creative technologies and markets should be helpful for international copyright-policy making.
Analyzing Site Selectivity in Rh2(esp)2-Catalyzed Intermolecular C–H Amination Reactions

Predicting site selectivity in C-H bond oxidation reactions involving heteroatom transfer is challenged by the small energetic differences between disparate bond types and the subtle interplay of steric and electronic effects that influence reactivity. Herein, the factors governing selective Rh2(esp)2-catalyzed C-H amination of isoamylbenzene derivatives are investigated, where modification to both the nitrogen source, a sulfamate ester, and substrate are shown to impact isomeric product ratios. Linear regression mathematical modeling is used to define a relationship that equates both IR stretching parameters and Hammett σ(+) values to the differential free energy of benzylic versus tertiary C-H amination. This model has informed the development of a novel sulfamate ester, which affords the highest benzylic-to-tertiary site selectivity (9.5:1) observed for this system.
An alternative fixation technique for small medial malleolus fractures.

A contoured medial malleolus T-plate provides a simple alternative to tension banding and allows for fixation of small fragments that may not be accessible by more routine screw configurations.
Morphological Aspects on the Site of Iodination of Thyroglobulin in the Thyroid Gland

The site of iodination of thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland revealed through morphological studies was critically reviewed in relationship to biochemical points of view. The phylogenetic and evolutional aspects of this problem were also reviewed and discussed. To conclude, the present author wishes to emphasize the following:1. In adult vertebrates whose thyroid follicular structure has been well completed, the main site of the iodination of thyroglobulin is generally the follicular lumen and the apical plasma membrane region.2. The iodination may also take place partly in the cytoplasm. Autoradiographic data from the chick embryo and from the dissociated thyroid cell of the rat and sheep, and the electron microscopic histochemical data for peroxidase reaction indicate the possibility that the iodination could occur also in the cytoplasm, such as in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and subapical vesicles.3. In usual adult animals, however, thyroglobulin in the follicular lumen is far larger in quantity than that in the cell cytoplasm and numerous molecules of thyroglobulin in the follicular lumen might have not yet completely iodinated and therefore injected iodine is considered to be combined with luminal colloid preferentially. This seems to be the reason why the iodination takes place almost entirely in the follicular lumen (and apical plasma membrane region) in adult animals having usual follicular structures.4. Based on the data of larval lampreys and ascidians, iodine metabolism in the thyroidhomologous cells in cyclostomes and protochordates seems to show the similar pattern to that of higher vertebrates. The main site of iodination of protein in these animals is the apical plasma membrane region of certain types of endostylar cells, and the possibility of iodination taking place also in the endostylar lumen is not ruled out. Some of iodinated protein must be reabsorbed into the certain types of endostylar cells in these animals.
Optimization of Launching Position for TV-Command Guidance Missiles

In study on the launching position for TV-command guidance missiles,we proposed an optimization method for lessening the optimizing space with multiple threats. The constraints of launching position were analyzed,and the dynamic and static threat models of the missile operational area were established. Then,the optimization guideline of launching position was put forwarded,and the optimization model was established.Numeric simulation was made based on particle swam optimization( POS). The simulation result proved the effectiveness of the model and method,which has great application value and is of important significance for the operational planning of missiles.
Phosphorus feedbacks constraining tropical ecosystem responses to changes in atmospheric CO2 and climate

The effects of phosphorus (P) availability on carbon(C) cycling in the Amazon region are investigated using CLM-CNP. We demonstrate that the coupling of P dynamics reduces the simulated historical terrestrial C sink due to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) by about 26%. Our exploratory simulations show that the response of tropical forest C cycling to increasing [CO2] depends on how elevated CO2 affects phosphatase enzyme production. The effects of warming are more complex, depending on the interactions between humidity, C and nutrient dynamics. While a simulation with low humidity generally shows the reduction of NPP, a second simulation with higher humidity suggests overall increases in NPP due to the dominant effects of reduced water stress and more nutrient availability. Our simulations point to the need for: 1) new observations on how elevated [CO2] affects phosphatase enzyme production; 2) more tropical leaf-scale measurements under different temperature/humidity conditions with different soil P availability.
A Community-Scale Modeling System to Assess Port-Related Air Quality Impacts

Near-port air pollution has been identified by numerous organizations as a potential public health concern. Based upon multiple near-road and near-source monitoring studies, both busy roadways and large emission sources at the ports may impact local air quality within several hundred meters of the ports. As the volume of trucking and freight movement increases, near-road air quality along transportation routes could be affected well outside port boundaries. Health effects have been associated with near-road exposures and proximity to large emission sources, so characterizing emission sources is important for understanding potential health effects. To address this need, we have developed a new community-scale tool called C-PORT to model emissions related to all port-related activities—including, but not limited to ships, trucks, cranes, etc.—and predict concentrations at fine spatial scales in the near-source environment. C-PORT represents one of the first efforts to develop a reduce-form modeling system that is optimized for community-scale applications. The modeling system includes dispersion algorithms for area, point, and line sources related to port activities, and emissions from the port terminals. The use of the reduced-form approach in C-PORT enables us to examine what-if scenarios of changes in emission volume, such as due to changes in traffic counts, fleet mix, speed, or in port emissions due to equipment or vehicles in near real-time, using a web-based easy-to-use interface. The C-PORT model can be used to examine different scenarios of air quality impacts in order to identify potentially at-risk populations located near emission sources, and the effects that port expansion may have on them. We present an illustrative example of the near-port modeling assessment focusing on the Port of Charleston in South Carolina, USA, to complement a field-study that was conducted during spring 2014 to take air quality measurements in residential neighborhoods in the port vicinity.
Parents’ Perspective on the Hybrid Approach

The diagnosis of HLHS can be devastating for parents, whether diagnosed prenatally or after birth. The parents’ perspective on the hybrid approach to managing infants with HLHS, and the psychosocial impact, have not been well reported. Parents need and expect honesty, empathy, and compassion during delivery of the diagnosis and therapeutic options. The information needs to be presented in layman’s terms, avoiding too much clinical jargon and utilizing pictures to help provide a clear understanding of the severity of the disease and surgical options. During the interstage period, parents are faced with other stressors before undergoing Comprehensive Stage II. Parents are fearful of their child not surviving and, if they do, what will the neurodevelopmental outcomes be for their future. Health-care providers need to better support patients and families from the initial diagnosis, whether a fetal or postnatal diagnosis. All options need to be explained to parents free of bias. Every single-ventricle patient should be enrolled in a home monitoring program with 24/7 availability and access to support from the single-ventricle cardiac team, as this is a stressful time for families. Every family needs psychosocial support and counseling. The financial burden alone warrants assistance due to frequent evaluations, echocardiograms, hospital admissions, cardiac surgeries, and interventional cardiac catheterization procedures. Family financial resources are often exhausted throughout early childhood for financial burdens do not end with the third-staged surgery. Care providers need to continue to evaluate neurodevelopment throughout childhood, providing interventions and support for patients, for the best possible outcomes.
Cerclage Fixation for Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty Complicated by Intraoperative Vancouver B1 Periprosthetic Fractures: A Biomechanical Analysis

Introduction: Demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA) continues to rise and as such there is a concurrent presumed increase in the incidence of periprosthetic femoral fractures. Several studies have previously demonstrated differences in fixation technique and biomechanical advantages of various cerclage constructs in fixation of femoral periprosthetic fractures. The purpose of this study is to determine the most effective combination of cerclage materials and technique in fixation of of periprosthetic fractures during cementless THA. Methods: Thirty fourth generation synthetic femora were tested in axial compression and torsion. Femurs were placed in a standardized mount and a press fit hip prosthesis was implanted by one senior surgeon. After broaching but prior to implant placement, a band saw was used to create a Vancouver B1 fracture below the level of the lesser trochanter. The implant was then placed in the femur. Four different cerclage constructs were then created using two of the following: 1) hose clamp, 2) metallic cable, 3) synthetic cable, 4) monofilament wire. All cables were placed using tensioning devices to standardize final cerclage tension. Additional constructs were created increasing the number of cerclage cables/wires to three and then four, evenly spaced across the implant. Axial compression and torsion were assessed to failure for all constructs using standard Instrom testing criteria. Cost analysis was performed for each construct. Results: Data suggests that Construct 1 demonstrated superior results in both axial compression and torsion in all trials, increasing with the number of clamps used. Construct 4 demonstrated inferior results in both axial compression and torsion, although increasing the number of wires significantly increased the strength of the construct. Construct 2 and 3 were equivalent. Conclusion: Increasing the number of cerclage cables/wires significantly increases the strength of the construct in both axial compression and torsion. Overall strength in order of strongest to weakest is as follows: hose clamp, metallic cable, synthetic cable and monofilament wire. It is reasonable to consider monofilament wires as a viable fixation option given lower cost and overall strength at physiologic loads.
In Situ Synthesis of Highly Dispersed and Ultrafine Metal Nanoparticles from Chalcogels

We report a unique reaction type for facile synthesis of ultrafine and well-dispersed Pt nanoparticles supported on chalcogel surfaces. The nanoparticles are obtained by in situ Pt2+ reduction of a chalcogel network formed by the metathesis reaction between K2PtCl4 and Na4SnS4. The rapid catalytic ability of the chalcogel-supported Pt nanoparticles is demonstrated in a recyclable manner by using 4-nitrophenol reduction as a probe reaction.
Survival impact of induction chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer: A National Cancer Database analysis.

Background Adding induction chemotherapy to concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) has generally not improved the overall survival (OS) in randomized trials of patients with head and neck cancer. This failure may stem from inadequate power or inappropriate patient selection, prompting this National Cancer Data Base analysis. Methods 8031 patients with T4 or N2b to N3 disease undergoing RT and chemotherapy were divided into induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy cohorts. Multivariate analysis was used to explore the association of treatment with survival and to identify predictors of radiation dose. Results On multivariate analysis incorporating sociodemographic and clinical variables, survival of the induction chemotherapy cohort was not significantly different from that of the concurrent cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–1.05; p = .35), nor on subgroup analyses of advanced disease. Multivariate analysis demonstrated increased odds of receiving <66 Gy among the patients in the induction chemotherapy cohort (p < .01). Conclusion Induction chemotherapy subjects experienced no survival advantage over concurrent chemotherapy subjects but were more likely to receive lower RT doses. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1113–1121, 2017
Endoscopic septoplasty: "How I do it".

BackgroundMultiple methods exist for nasal septoplasty. Proliferation of endoscopic technology has broadened these options.MethodsTechnical description of two techniques for endoscopic septoplasty....
On the relationship between dislocations and vacancies

Proceeding from the Gyulai—Hartly effect the author throws light on the role of the dislocations. He makes calculations to establish the lifetime of the vacancy sources and sinks arising along the dislocation line.
Design of online supplementary adaptive dynamic programming for current control in power electronic systems

Large-scale penetration of power electronic based systems demands the need for sophisticated control algorithms. Conventional current control techniques may not give the required dynamic performance for modern power electronic systems. This paper designs an online supplementary adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) controller based on neural networks which improves the dynamic performance of a conventional proportional-integral (PI) current controller. A case study with a 1 kW shunt active filter (SAF) was developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment to verify the investigated controller. Compared to an SAF with a conventional PI controller, the proposed approach obtained a better dynamic response for the current control loop, and thus showed a reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) of the source current from 4.24% to 3.64%.
Circular Dichroistic Impacts of 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylurea: Secondary Structure Artifacts Arising from Bioconjugation Using 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide

1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide (EDC) is a commonly used reagent for bioconjugation and peptide synthesis. Both EDC and the corresponding urea derivative, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylurea (EDU), are achiral. As the reagent is active in aqueous solutions, it is a common choice for the study of evolving secondary structural changes via circular dichroism. This work highlights the effect of EDU on spectropolarimetric measurements, namely, the problematic absorption profile at low wavelengths (190–220 nm). We demonstrate that EDU is capable of erroneously indicating structural changes, particularly loss of α-helical character, through masking of the characteristic minimum at 208 nm. However, if the concentrations of the EDU in the sample are known, then this effect can be anticipated and calculations of secondary structure can be adjusted to avoid the impacted wavelengths. Impacts of EDU in a sample are compared to those of standard urea, which, by contrast, is commonly used as a denaturant...
Mental health of children and young people

Introduction This chapter outlines a developmental orientation to understanding the mental health of children and young people. It examines the implications for mental health in children and young people in relation to the environment, nature and nurture, and brain development in the context of vulnerability or risk, and resilience or protection. The chapter explores mental health promotion for young people, drawing from two real stories about bullying and altered eating patterns, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia, which include experiences of depression, anxiety and psychosis. Emphasis is given to prevention, promotion and early intervention for mental illness, including social media and e-mental health interventions for young people in relation to non-suicidal self-injury or suicide crisis, and popular public health initiatives to reduce suicide, such as R U OK? Day, headspace and other online services. Respect for young people Health professionals providing mental health care to children and young people should do so in a way that conveys respect and genuine concern. For children and young people, the first occurrence of a mental illness is likely to be a very confusing and perhaps a frightening experience. An important priority is for health care professionals to develop a strong initial therapeutic rapport with the young people they are helping. Young people are unsure of what to anticipate in mental health care, especially if it is their first appointment, or their first experience of a mental illness (Watson, Rickwood & Vanags, 2013; Wilson, Cruickshank & Lea, 2012). Health professionals can do a great deal to allay the confusion, anxiety and apprehension that may accompany a first experience of gaining mental health care, simply by creating a respectful and trusting relationship from the outset (Coughlan et al., 2011; Wilson et al., 2012). Most mental health conditions are first encountered during the ages of 12–25 years, and approximately 20 per cent of the world's young people are affected (Wei et al., 2013). It is very important to promote mental health, provide accessible, youth-focused early intervention when it is needed, and to support the recovery care of young people, because we know that the earlier mental health care is initiated, the more likely will be the success of recovery (Boyd et al., 2011; Coughlan et al., 2011; McAllister & Handley, 2008; Wilson, 2007; Wilson et al., 2012).
Functional Design and Evaluation of Structural Firefighter Turnout Suits for Improved Thermal Comfort: Thermal Manikin and Physiological Modeling

Structural firefighter prototype designs incorporating ventilation, stretch, and modularity were developed following Watkins’ functional design process. Prototypes were designed and manufactured, i...
Evaluating Performance During Maximum Effort Vertical Jump Landings

The ability to rapidly complete a jump landing has received little attention in the literature despite the need for rapid performance in a number of sports. As such, our purpose was to investigate differences between groups of individuals who land quickly (FAST) and slowly (SLOW) relative to peak vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs), loading rates, rates of vGRF attenuation, contributions to lower extremity mechanical energy absorption at the involved joints, and the onsets of preparatory joint flexion/dorsiflexion. Twenty-four healthy adults (26.1 [3.3] y, 75.7 [18.9] kg, 1.7 [0.1] m) were stratified into FAST and SLOW groups based on landing time across 8 jump-landing trials. Independent t tests (α = .05) and effect sizes (ESs; large ≥ 0.8) compared differences between groups. A greater rate of vGRF attenuation (P = .02; ES = 0.95) was detected in the FAST group. The FAST group also exhibited greater contributions to lower extremity energy absorption at the ankle (P = .03; ES = 0.98) and knee (P = .03; ES = 0.99) during loading and attenuation, respectively. The SLOW group exhibited greater contributions to energy absorption at the hip during loading (P = .02; ES = 1.10). Results suggest that individuals who land quickly utilize different energy absorption strategies than individuals who land slowly. Ultimately, the FAST group's strategy resulted in superior landing performance (more rapid landing time).
The importance of social relationships for infertile couples' well-being

Social relationships capacity for mitigating the negative impact of stress on physical and psychological well-being has been well documented. Hundreds of studies have examined the influence of social relationships on the way in which people cope with chronic and acute Stressors such as bereavement, malignant disease, unemployment, rape, physical disability, pregnancy, and work overload (see Broadhead, Kaplan, James, Wagner, Schoenbach, Grimson, Heyden, Tibblin, & Gehlbach, 1983; Gottlieb, 1983; House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988; Kessler, Price, & Wortman, 1985; and Wallston, Alagna, DeVellis, & DeVellis, 1983, for reviews of this literature).
Shock Stagnation and Neutrino Losses in Stellar Collapse

Stellar collapse results in the formation of a hydrostatic core at about nuclear matter densities and a shock that propagates into the infalling mantle. Hydrodynamic calculations of different research groups are now converging on the result that the shock falters before ejecting the mantle and stagnates into a stationary accretion shock (cf. W. Hillebrandt’s review, this volume). A prompt supernova explosion by shock ejection is thereby prevented. The primary factor behind the failure of the shock appears to be the energy absorbed by nuclear dissociation. Additional large energy losses in neutrino emission firm the conclusion that the shock cannot eject matter.
Neural network-based model predictive control for type 1 diabetic rats on artificial pancreas system

Artificial pancreas system (APS) is a viable option to treat diabetic patients. Researchers, however, have not conclusively determined the best control method for APS. Due to intra-/inter-variability of insulin absorption and action, an individualized algorithm is required to control blood glucose level (BGL) for each patient. To this end, we developed model predictive control (MPC) based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), which combines ANN for BGL prediction based on inputs and MPC for BGL control based on the ANN (NN-MPC). First, we developed a mathematical model for diabetic rats, which was used to identify individual virtual subjects by fitting to empirical data collected through an APS, including BGL data, insulin injection, and food intake. Then, the virtual subjects were used to generate datasets for training ANNs. The NN-MPC determines control actions (insulin injection) based on BGL predicted by the ANN. To evaluate the NN-MPC, we conducted experiments using four virtual subjects under three different scenarios. Overall, the NN-MPC maintained BGL within the normal range about 90% of the time with a mean absolute deviation of 4.7 mg/dl from a desired BGL. Our findings suggest that the NN-MPC can provide subject-specific BGL control in conjunction with a closed-loop APS.
Feasibility of robot-assisted prostatectomy performed at ultra-low pneumoperitoneum pressure of 6 mmHg and comparison of clinical outcomes vs standard pressure of 15 mmHg.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of performing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) at an ultra-low pressure of 6 mmHg and to assess the potential impact on its clinical outcomes, as compared to those of a historical cohort of patients in which RALP was performed at a pressure of 15 mmHg. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated 600 consecutive RALP procedures, performed by a single surgeon, including 300 procedures performed at 6 mmHg and the previous 300 performed at 15 mmHg. We compared preoperative patient characteristics and outcomes including pain scores, morphine equivalents, length of stay (LOS) and complications. After implementing the adjustment to 6 mmHg, we began allowing same-day discharge in patients meeting established criteria. RESULTS All 300 consecutive RALP procedures were completed at 6 mmHg with no pressure adjustments for the entirety of the case. There were no significant differences in patient or pathological features between groups. Body mass index was 19.5-44.3 kg/m2 in the 6 mmHg group. The mean operating time was 10.5-min longer and mean estimated blood loss 20-mL higher at 6 mmHg, with no blood transfusions in either group. The mean LOS was shorter in the 6-mmHg group (0.57 vs 1.00 days; P < 0.001), with 43.3% of patients in the 6-mmHg group discharged home the day of surgery. There were no differences in morphine equivalents or maximum pain scores in the first 4 h after surgery, but there was a small improvement (18%) in pain scores at 5-12 h postoperatively (3.2 vs 3.9; P < 0.001). The 30-day complication rate was 8.7% vs 4.0%, with 30-day hospital readmissions of 5.7% vs 1.0% for the 15 vs 6 mmHg groups. CONCLUSION Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy at a pneumoperitoneum pressure of 6 mmHg was uniformly feasible without increasing complications. Ultra-low pneumoperitoneum may confer a pain benefit, which may contribute to safe same-day discharge.
Depth of sedation as an interventional target to reduce postoperative delirium: mortality and functional outcomes of the Strategy to Reduce the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients randomised clinical trial.

Abstract Background The Strategy to Reduce the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in the Elderly trial tested the hypothesis that limiting sedation during spinal anaesthesia decreases in-hospital postoperative delirium after hip fracture repair. This manuscript reports the secondary outcomes of this trial, including mortality and function. Methods Two hundred patients (≥65 yr) undergoing hip fracture repair with spinal anaesthesia were randomised to heavier [modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score (OAA/S) 0–2] or lighter (OAA/S 3–5) sedation, and were assessed for postoperative delirium. Secondary outcomes included mortality and return to pre-fracture ambulation level at 1 yr. Kaplan–Meier analysis, multivariable Cox proportional hazard model, and logistic regression were used to evaluate intervention effects on mortality and odds of ambulation return. Results One-year mortality was 14% in both groups (log rank P=0.96). Independent risk factors for 1-yr mortality included: Charlson comorbidity index [hazard ratio (HR)=1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.49; P=0.03], instrumental activities of daily living [HR=0.74, 95% CI, 0.60–0.91; P=0.005], BMI [HR=0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.998; P=0.04], and delirium severity [HR=1.20, 95% CI, 1.03–1.41; P=0.02]. Ambulation returned to pre-fracture levels, worsened, or was not obtained in 64%, 30%, and 6% of 1 yr survivors, respectively. Lighter sedation did not improve odds of ambulation return at 1 yr [odds ratio (OR)=0.76, 95% CI, 0.24–2.4; P=0.63]. Independent risk factors for ambulation return included Charlson comorbidity index [OR=0.71, 95% CI, 0.53–0.97; P=0.03] and delirium [OR=0.32, 95% CI, 0.10–0.97; P=0.04]. Conclusions This study found that in elderly patients having hip fracture surgery with spinal anaesthesia supplemented with propofol sedation, heavier intraoperative sedation was not associated with significant differences in mortality or return to pre-fracture ambulation up to 1 yr after surgery. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00590707.
Almost sure scattering for the energy-critical NLS with radial data below H1(R4)

We prove almost sure global existence and scattering for the energy-critical nonlinear Schrodinger equation with randomized spherically symmetric initial data in Hs(R4) with 56<s<1. We were inspire...
Law professor reveals shocking truth about hearsay

This article exposes shocking, never-before-revealed truths about hearsay evidence. In my study of the rule, leading to my book (THE HEARSAY RULE, 2d edition, published in 2009 by Carolina Academic Press) I have discovered eight great and undisputable truths about hearsay. This article contains the proof for each truth here listed. 1. Everything is nonhearsay. 2. Everything is hearsay. 3. Everything fits under an exception to the hearsay rule. 4. Great lawyers can convince average judges of almost anything, and even average judges can ignore the best arguments of great lawyers. 5. These points must be won at trial because appellate courts affirm. 6. When the subject is child abuse, none of the rules (such as they are) applies. 7. None of the above matters much because chances are it will be gotten wrong anyway. 8. It is always admissible, and, even when it is not, you can get around the hearsay rule by hiring an expert witness and have the witness form an opinion that will be admissible.
Latency Modeling for Mobile Edge Computing Using LTE Measurements

A promise of mobile edge computing (MEC) is improved communication latency. In particular, vehicular safety applications have strict latency requirements. Despite the improvements in latency by MEC, the latency will vary based on traffic load and signal conditions. We seek models that will help us answer the question: is the latency environment acceptable for our application? To this end, we collected 619 hours of pings over an LTE network and we evaluated 13 possible models. Our results show that when modeling the whole distribution, a mixture model of LogNormal distributions works best. When the emphasis is on the tail of the distribution, the double Pareto LogNormal distribution should be used. Finally, when only the tail needs to be modeled, then the generalized Pareto distribution should be used.
A Case of Rectal Ulcer during Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Using Hydrogel Spacer

AbstractWe report a case of a severely symptomatic rectal ulcer, a CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) grade 3 complication, after intensity modulated radiotherapy for prostate c...
Assessing risk, automating racism

Air pollution exposure may lead to lower lung function and higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adultshttp://bit.ly/2IpGx9j
Standard Versus Dose-Intensified Chemotherapy with Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor for Malignant Lymphoma: Evaluation of Risk for Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Abstract Background: Retrospective studies have reported inconsistent results concerning risk of acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (t-ML) in cancer patients receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) along with systemic chemotherapy. In order to further evaluate any potential impact of chemotherapy with G-CSF support on overall survival (OS) and risk of t-ML in malignant lymphoma, a systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis of prospective, randomized controlled clinical trials were conducted. Methods: Electronic databases including Medline, EMBASE, BIOSIS and the Cochrane Library were searched through August 2008 identifying 5885 articles for initial screening. Eligibility criteria included studies of adult patients with non-myeloid malignancies receiving chemotherapy (CT) with or without G-CSF with at least 2 years of follow-up. Of the 136 potentially eligible publications identified, 8 were from prospective, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) in adult patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (7) or Hodgkin's disease (1). Excluded reports consisted of retrospective studies, duplicate reports, studies with no control group or studies involving stem cell transplantation. Study outcomes included all secondary malignancies, t-ML, OS and delivered chemotherapy dose intensity. Meta-analyses were based on the method of Mantel and Haenszel with summary estimates and 95% CIs for both relative risk (RR) and absolute risk difference (ARD;%). Results: In 8 RCTs, a total of 4089 patients were randomized to receive CT with G-CSF support (n=2032) versus no G-CSF (n=2057). In 5 of the 8 trials, dose intensified or dose dense CT was given in the G-CSF arms compared to standard CT without initial G-CSF. Initial CT dose and schedule were the same in the remaining 3 trials although each reported significantly greater overall delivered dose intensity in the G-CSF arm. No signficant heterogeneity was observed for the primary outcomes. Among 6 reporting RCTs, secondary malignancies occurred in 36 patients in the G-CSF arms versus 35 patients in control arms. T-ML was reported in 15 patients randomized to G-CSF compared to 6 in control patients [RR=2.30; 0.95–5.58; ARD = 0.6%; −0.1%–1.3%; p=.06]. In all 8 studies, patients receiving G-CSF received significantly greater chemotherapy dose intensity compared to controls. Among patients randomized to G-CSF support, a statistically significant increase in OS [RR=0.87; 0.81–0.94; ARD = −5.0%; −7.7%–−2.3%; p Conclusions: A meta-analysis based on an extensive search of the literature demonstrated that intensified chemotherapy with G-CSF support in malignant lymphoma resulted in a significant improvement in OS despite a non-significant trend toward an increase in t-ML. There were insufficient data to definitively examine the independent roles of G-CSF versus dose intensified chemotherapy on risk of t-ML.
A new stiletto fly genus from South America (Diptera: Therevidae: Agapophytinae)

The South American members of the stiletto fly subfamily Agapophytinae (Diptera: Therevidae) comprise three genera that occur predominantly in the western region. Here we describe a newly discovered genus, Sigalopella gen. n., from Chile containing four new species.
Synthesis of metal iodates from an energetic salt

Iodine containing oxidizers are especially effective for neutralizing spore forming bacteria by generating iodine gas as a long-lived bactericide. Metal iodates have been shown to be strong oxidizers when combined with aluminum fuel particles for energy generating applications. One method to produce metal iodates in situ is by using metal oxides and an energetic salt: aluminum iodate hexahydrate (Al(H2O)6(IO3)3(HIO3)2), which is called AIH. In this study, the thermal stability and reactivity of AIH with metal oxides commonly used in energetic formulations was investigated. Three metal oxides: bismuth(III) oxide (Bi2O3), copper(II) oxide (CuO), and iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) were investigated because of their different oxygen release properties. Each metal oxide powder was combined with AIH powder. Thermal stability and reactivity were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and reactive properties calculated to supplement experimental observations. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was also used to identify the product species at various stages of heating corresponding to exothermic activity. Results show that AIH decomposition is entirely endothermic but, with the addition of metal oxide powder to AIH, exothermic reactions transform metal oxides into more stable metal iodates. This analysis provides an understanding of the compatibility of AIH with metal oxides and contributes to the development of novel energetic composites that have the advantages of both thermal and biocidal mechanisms for spore neutralization.
Chapter 13 – Mercury

Mercury is the innermost planet, with a high density and large metallic core. It is the only terrestrial planet besides Earth with an internally generated magnetic field, which gives rise to a complex magnetosphere. Mercury's surface is heavily cratered and has also been modified by volcanism, including pyroclastic volcanism. Surface compositions are similar to komatiites and basalts on Earth, but highly depleted in iron, which is located mostly in the planet's core. Mercury's tectonics is dominated by compressional deformation driven by global cooling and contraction. The planet's surface is surprisingly rich in sulfur and other volatiles, whose mobility at high surface temperatures creates erosional topographic hollows. Regions of permanent shadow near the poles trap water ice and low-albedo volatiles, possibly supplied by infalling comets and asteroids. The thin exosphere is populated with atoms removed from the surface by solar radiation, charged particle sputtering, and micrometeoroid bombardment.
Clinical characteristics and nutritional therapy of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Recently, the incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is increasing.The diagnosis and treatment of IBD were focused by pediatric clinicians.The clinical features and treatment of pediatric IBD are different, because of the growth and development.Growth deficiency and delayed puberty are unique symptoms.Children with IBD were treated with exclusive enteral nutrition as the first line treatment.The better treatment was formulated in accordance with the clinical features and nutritional therapy of pediatric IBD. Key words: Child; Inflammatory bowel disease; Clinical features; Nutritional therapy