cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk Aversion and Optimal Insurance Deductibles

Consumers face many decisions involving risk, yet some researchers claim that consumers cannot make rational decisions when risk is involved, even when full information is available. A simple normative analysis of decisions about insurance deductibles is presented. Implications for consumer education and public policy are discussed, including the need to teach consumers to choose insurance policies with higher deductibles. Possible computer expert systems to help consumers make decisions are also discussed.
Threshold estimation for UWB single pulse radar

Ultra wideband (UWB) impulse radio technology has been widely researched for sensor applications and communication systems. In the radar system, detection performance is determined by a threshold. However, setting a proper threshold for maximizing detection performance is challenging without knowledge of exact noise power. In this paper, we propose novel algorithms that estimate noise power by adopting a divide-and-conquer algorithm to set a threshold for maximizing detection performance under the Neyman-Pearson criterion for UWB radar signals. The proposed algorithm can be easily applied to existing detectors. Simulation results show that the performance of detection with our proposed algorithm is closely matches to statistical model bounds, and required signal-to-noise ratio for perfect detection is less than constant false alarm rate detectors.
Perineal Reconstruction in Crohn’s Disease

It is estimated that approximately 14 % of patients with Crohn’s disease will ultimately require proctectomy for failure of both medical and local surgical therapy [1]. Unfortunately, proctectomy for Crohn’s disease is associated with a high risk for perineal wound complications [2]. The presence of transphincteric and supralevator fistulas can cause a stiff, fibrotic, and inflamed field in which tension free, re-approximation of the native tissues post excision is challenging. When present, concomitant perianal sepsis secondary to abscesses, undrained fistulas, or sinus tracts can further increase the risk of infection related wound complications. In the setting of Crohn’s disease with complex perianal fistulization, wide excision of perianal skin is necessitated [3] and primary edge-to-edge closure can be extremely difficult, if not impossible. Rectal and anal fistulization can also occur to adjacent structures such as vagina, urethra, or bladder. On occasions, Crohn’s disease can be complicated by malignancy, further increasing the size of the extirpated specimen resulting in massive defects. Patient factors such as immunosuppression, steroid dependence, and compromised nutritional status further increase the risk of wound dehiscence and other wound healing complications.
Protective Action of Typhoid Phage on Experimental Typhoid Infection in Mice

Asheshov, Wilson and Topley1 have reported on the protective effect in mice of typhoid bacteriophage given separately and by routes different from those used in infecting the animals. The preliminary studies here reported confirm the findings of the above investigators and enlarge upon certain aspects of the problem.A recently isolated strain of Eberthella typhi obtained by blood culture was employed. It forms smooth colonies, is motile, produces typical sugar fermentation reactions and agglutinates specifically with anti-typhoid serum. Organisms from 18- to 24-hour-old cultures grown on veal infusion agar were suspended in mucin∗ according to the methods of Rake2 and Miller,3 and mice were infected by the peritoneal route, all inoculations being made with a quantity of 1 cc of the mucin-organism mixtures.The phage was originally isolated from sewage and is a crude phage which produces several different types of plaques. Filtrates which contained approximately 3.3 × 108 phage particles per cc were used fo...
r- AND K-SELECTION IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA.

Of the ecological forces which shape evolution of life histories, competition seems especially important. When competition is absent, those genotypes which reproduce more rapidly and prolifically are favored; when resources are limiting, the advantage goes instead to those best able to compete. MacArthur and Wilson (1967) termed the extreme cases rand K-selection, respectively, after terms in the widely-used logistic equation of population growth. They understood that environments imposing pure ror K-selection were only ideals, ends of a continuum, and that most actual situations would be somewhere intermediate. A characteristic set of traits is thought to result from selection for one extreme or the other: among other things, r-selected populations should develop more rapidly, have a higher intrinsic rate of increase (r), reproduce earlier, develop to a smaller size, invest less in each offspring, and tend toward semelparity (i.e., to reproduce only one time); K-selected species should have a higher carrying capacity (K), invest more energy into each offspring, develop more slowly but eventually attain a larger size, and tend toward neoteny and iteroparity (i.e., to reproduce more than once). Comprehensive discussions of the rationale and history of these expectations may be found in the reviews by Pianka (1970), Stearns (1976), and Gould (1977). In spite of this assumed correspondence between ecological circumstances and type of life history, we know of no demonstration that r-selection results in one life history, while K-selection results in
Size-controlled dissolution of silver nanoparticles at neutral and acidic pH conditions: kinetics and size changes.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are widely utilized in increasing number of medical and consumer products due to their antibacterial properties. Once released to aquatic system, AgNP undergoes oxidative dissolution leading to production of toxic Ag+. Dissolved Ag+ can have a severe impact on various organisms, including indigenous microbial communities, fungi, alga, plants, vertebrates, invertebrates, and human cells. Therefore, it is important to investigate fate of AgNP and determine physico-chemicals parameters that control AgNP behavior in the natural environment. Nanoparticle size might have a dominant effect on AgNP dissolution in natural waters. In this work, we investigated size-dependent dissolution of AgNP exposed to ultrapure deionized water (pH ≈ 7) and acetic acid (pH 3) and determined changes in nanoparticle size after dissolution. Silver nanoparticles stabilized by thiol functionalized methoxyl polyethylene glycol (PEGSH) of 6 nm (AgNP_6), 9 nm (AgNP_9), 13 nm (AgNP_13), and 70 nm (AgNP_70) wer...
Histories of Central Asia: An SSRC Web Resource for Teaching

In April 2009 the Eurasia Program of the Social Science Research Council will launch a website to help instructors who would like to include material about Central Asia in their classes. “On-line Histories of Central Asia” [ http://onlinehistories.ssrc.org/centralasia ] contains three sections: “The Built Environment” by Robert McChesney (New York University, emeritus), “Changes in Identity” by Shoshana Keller (Hamilton College), and “Islamic Cultural Movements” by Adeeb Khalid (Carleton College). Each section has embedded within it links to outside sites, images, and maps, and includes bibliographic resources. Teachers and students of Asian societies, and teachers of world history, Asian history, and Islamic history, are invited to use this site as a basis for lectures, discussions, classroom exercises, and research assistance.
Watching Our Language

As a biologist who is the son of an English teacher, I appreciate Bernard Dixon's desire to see we scientists use language precisely, and personally I even like the fact that English conserves a lot of Latin that even Romance languages like Spanish do not.
Genetic Characteristics of an Ebony, Pearl Strain of Boll Weevil

A strain of Anthonomus grandis Boheman with 2 morphological mutants (ebony body color and pearl eyes) has been mass reared at the USDA Boll Weevil Research Laboratory. Ebony is controlled by a semidominant gene and pearl by a recessive gene. The strain was developed by individual pair matings of 75 ebony, pearl, laboratory culture females with 75 wild-type males obtained from southern Mississippi. In the F2 ebony, pearl weevils were recovered. After 5.4 million insects (10.8 million gametes) were reared, a sample of 10,600 insects (21,200 gametes) was classified. The gene frequency of pearl was 1.0. The gene frequency of ebony was 0.00033 e to 0.9967 E . This should result in 1 weevil with wild-type body color in 10 million and all should have pearl eyes. The inability to dispose is under genetic control anti was segregating in the F2 generation from the original cross. After 5.4 million insects were reared (approximately 13 generations) the gene frequency was ca. 0,05 d to 0.95 d . Thus, the population had 2 very stable marker genes and was almost homozygous for inability to diapause, a dominant, lethal gene in nature.
Modulation of intracranial meningeal nociceptor activity by cortical spreading depression: a reassessment.

Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a putative migraine trigger, has been shown recently to promote multiple activation patterns of meningeal nociceptors. In the current study we used a modified e...
Fluid Dynamics: Part 1: Classical Fluid Dynamics: Scope: textbook. Level: postgraduate, advanced undergraduate, early career researcher, scientist, engineers.

Fluid flows are ubiquitous in nature ranging from the largest known length scales in galactic flows, to medium scale flows in oceans, rivers and planetary atmospheres, to the smallest scales in hum...
Finite Elements Analyzing for Pallet of All Hydraulic Power Head Type Drilling Rig

By the application of CAD,establish the pallet model of salvage gyrator used in ZDY6000LD(A) all hydraulic power head type drilling rig is established,and it is analyzed by the usage of ANSYS.The stress and strain distribution of pallet in the feeding and pulling conditions are simulated,which proved the rationality of the pallet and provide a reference for the designing of these kinds products.
FIELD TEST OF PARAMETERS THROUGH THE STEAM TURBINE AND ITS GOVENOR SYSTEM MODEL

The time constants for control characters of high,intermediate,and low pressure cylinders in a steam turbine,and that in the reheater,as well as the time constants in opening and closing directions of the governing steam valve,are key points for identifying parameters through the steam turbine and its govenor system model.The test methods in the field for these parameters have been presented,and the practical test for unit no.8 in Fenyi Power Plant being carried out.Finally,on the basis of actually measured results in the field,the calculation result for identifying parameters through the power grid stability calculating model for unit no.8 in Fenyi Power Plant has been obtained.
Consideration of the use of origami-style solar panels for use on a terrestrial/orbital wireless power generation and transmission spacecraft

This paper presents work on the development of Origami-style solar panels and their adaption and efficacy for use in Earth orbit. It focuses on the enabling capability of this technology for the generation and transmission of power. The proposed approach provides increased collection (solar panel) and transmission (microwave radiation) surface area, as compared to other systems with similar mass and volume. An overview of the system is presented, including its pre-deployment configuration, the deployment process and its final configuration. Its utility for wireless power transmission mission is then considered. An economic discussion is then presented to consider how the mass and volume efficiencies provided enable the system to approach target willingness-to-pay values that were presented and considered in prior work. A key consideration regarding the use of wireless power transfer in Earth orbit is the reliability of the technology. This has several different areas of consideration. It must reliably supply power to its customers (or they would have to have local generation capabilities sufficient for their needs, defeating the benefit of this system). It must also be shown to reliably supply power only to designated locations (and not inadvertently or otherwise beam power at other locations). The effect of the system design (including the Origami structure and deployment / rigidity mechanisms) is considered to assess whether the use of this technology may impair either of these key mission/safety-critical goals. This analysis is presented and a discussion of mitigation techniques to several prospective problems is presented, before concluding with a discussion of future work.
Pharmacists' opinions about and compliance with recommendations for intravenous admixture practices.

Hospital pharmacy departments nationwide were surveyed to determine compliance with and opinions on the importance of recommended practices for preparation of i.v. admixtures. Questionnaires that included 84 recommendations by the National Coordinating Committee on Large-Volume Parenterals, the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals were mailed to 625 randomly selected acute-care hospitals. Questions covered the compounding area and recommended equipment; selection, education, and training of personnel; compounding procedures; quality assurance; labeling and record keeping; and reference materials and professional services. The response rate was 43% (198 usable replies). Responses indicated that 42 (50%) of the recommended practices were followed in fewer than 75% of the hospitals, 25 (30%) in fewer than 50% of the hospitals, and 17 (20%) in fewer than 25% of the hospitals. Twenty of the recommendations were considered marginal in importance. Adherence to published guidelines for i.v. admixture services varies among hospitals in the United States; compilation of a single set of guidelines should be considered.
Abstractions as Disablers of Women’s Rights

Eze reads Lola Shoneyin’s The Secret Lives of Baba Segi’s Wives (2010), which is a narrative of polygamy as an institution that inherently incapacitates women’s bodies, and Petina Gappah’s An Elegy for Easterly (2009), a collection of short stories set in Zimbabwe, as expressions of contemporary African women’s efforts to challenge the rigidity of African cultural and nationalist paradigms and gender relations. He argues that these narratives enhance awareness of human rights. “Abstractions as Disablers of Women’s Rights” demonstrates the danger of abstract consideration of the human person by highlighting the structure of individual narratives.
The necessity of dynamic contrast enhanced imaging for prostate MRI: A study of pathologic outcomes on prostate biopsy.

52Background: PIRADS version 2 guidelines for the interpretation of multi-parametric prostate MRI (mpMRI) stipulates that dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging be used to classify diffusion weigh...
O4-01-06

Inheritance of the apolipoprotein E4 allele increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain elusive. In order to study apoE4 in a physiologically relevant environment we sought to identify human astrocyoma cell lines that endogenously express apoE4. We apoE genotyped a range of human cell-lines and identified two astrocytomas that expressed the apoE4 isoform. In order to determine the relative amounts of apoE4 to total apoE secreted from these cell-lines we developed two specific immunoassays; an assay to measure total apoE irrespective of isoform and an apoE4 selective assay. Surprisingly, and in contrast to the expected equal contribution of each apoE isoform to the total apoE pool, we found that less than 20 % of the total apoE secreted into the media of apoE3/4 astrocytomas was attributed to apoE4. Next, we sought to determine whether the reduced level of apoE4 secretion from astrocytes translated into reduced absolute levels of apoE4 in the brain. We examined apoE protein levels in the brains of 12 week old humanized 3/3, 4/4 and 3/4 knock-in mice, where the apoE expression is under the control of endogenous promoters. Importantly, these apoE knock-in mice showed a genotype dependent decrease in cortical apoE levels; 3/3 3/4 4/4. Next, we sought to examine the relative contributions of apoE4 relative to apoE3 in the 3/4 mouse brains. Consistent with the in-vitro astrocyte data, apoE4 represented less than 20 % of the total cortical apoE. Moreover, the absolute amount of apoE3 per allele is similar between 3/3 and 3/4 mice, implying that the reduced levels of total apoE in 3/4 knock-in mice can be fully explained by the reduction in apoE4 levels. Taken together these data suggest that under physiological relevant conditions, astrocytes have a reduced capacity to secrete apoE4 that ultimately leads to substantially reduced brain apoE levels. Moreover, the genotype dependent decrease in cortical apoE levels observed in this study, mirror the relative risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and suggest that low levels of total apoE exhibited by 4 carriers may directly contribute to the disease progression.
"Meddling with Royal Hearts": Interiority and Privanza (1598-1643)

This paper studies how seventeenth-century writers in Spain elaborated different conceptions of interiority in connection with the intimacy they imagined between the king and his favorite or privado. Authors in the days of Lerma, Uceda and Olivares portrayed the relation between king and privado in terms that generally relied on inherited notions of ideal friendship, which nonetheless would clash with concerns about the ubiquity of deceit, simulation and dissimulation at the court. This seemed to set boundaries to the unlimited transparency and trust expected between friends. I will address three issues. First, the way writers imagine the favorite’s access to the king’s secrets, as well as the nature of these secrets. Second, the space of intimacy and shared loneliness in which they conceive the friendship of king and privado to materialize. Third, the transformations that take place in the favorite’s interiority as a result of his relation with the king and his position at the court.
A multimodal critical discourse analysis of anti-vaccination information on Facebook

Abstract In light of recent outbreaks of measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases, childhood vaccination has been the subject of significant attention and controversy. Much information seeking and debates about vaccines take place on social media, yet the effects of information context-specific factors on parental information seeking and sharing and information source assessment remain unknown. Through the lenses of reductionist thinking and cognitive authority, this study employed a multimodal critical discourse analysis approach to analyze the textual and graphic information within a public anti-vaccine Facebook group. Findings show that parental information seeking and sharing worked to create an isolated, sentimentalized information context favoring immediacy and emotional impact over scientific research and statistical evidence. Because participants shared fundamental beliefs and goals around vaccines, group members held cognitive authority despite the lack of expertise or evidentiary support in their postings. This controversial information-based movement poses challenges and opportunities for library outreach and information provision.
Anger and Sadness: Gendered Emotional Responses to Climate Threats in Four Island Nations:

Climate change presents an important threat to community livelihoods and well-being around the world. Biophysical vulnerability to the effects of climate change, such as sea level rise, coastal ero...
The Influence of Hormonal Fluctuation on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptom Severity-A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study.

Background Many women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) report changes in symptoms in association with hormonal changes during menses, pregnancy, and hormonal contraceptive use, suggesting a hormonal influence on disease activity. We aimed to identify and characterize IBD symptom fluctuations in women during times of hormonal variation. Methods From June 2012 through September 2012, women enrolled in Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America Partners , an online Internet cohort of patients with IBD, were invited to participate in this study. Using a 5-point Likert scale, participants were asked to rate symptom changes during their menstrual cycle, pregnancy, the postpartum period, and after menopause. Clinical and demographic differences were assessed using univariate and multivariable methods. Results A total of 1,203 female patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) participated (64% CD, 34% UC). Over half of the women with IBD reported worsening symptoms during menses. Symptom changes were similar between women with CD vs UC, except in pregnancy, where symptom worsening during pregnancy was more commonly seen in UC than CD (P = 0.02). Overall, women reporting symptom worsening were younger at the time of IBD diagnosis (P < 0.01), had lower quality of life (SIBDQ) scores (P < 0.01), and had a higher BMI (25 vs 24) than women without symptom worsening. Conclusions Women with IBD report changes in symptom severity during times of hormone fluctuation. Further clarification of the role of hormones in IBD is warranted in order to understand these relationships and to identify potential management strategies for women with IBD and hormonally sensitive gastrointestinal symptoms.
Teen compliance with contraception. Analysis Of the ohio medicaid claims data

Background: Teen pregnancy is an important and costly issue for society and often commits the mother to a life of poverty. Physicians play an important role in preventing teen pregnancy by identifying teens at risk for pregnancy and prescribing contraception. This study examines for the first time, whether pharmacy data can be used to evaluate teens' compliance with contraception. Such a method may be useful to physician groups, health plans or state agencies to identify teens at risk for unwanted pregnancy and target interventions.Methods: Secondary analysis of the Ohio Medicaid Claims Data from 1998 was done identifying continuously enrolled young women ages 12-19 years, at high risk for pregnancy defined by ICD 9 codes for an STD, an abnormal pap smear, contraception, or a CPT code for a pregnancy test.Results: Between 1/1/98-3/31/98 we identified 4009 females, ages 12-19 years at high risk for pregnancy. During the study interval, 1084 (27%) became pregnant. 1732 (43%) used no prescription contraception and 1190 (30%) used a method at some time. Depo only (551) and OCP only (552) use was equal. Eighty-three combined the use of Depo and OCP. Compliance was poor. Only 20% of the contracepting group had coverage for the full year and approximately 30% used a method for 3 months or less. There was little difference in age or concurrent chronic physical or mental illness between the contracepting and non-contracepting groups. General practice physicians provided 40% of the OCP prescriptions to teens compared with 36% Ob/Gyn, 10% Pediatrics, and 6% Internal Medicine.Conclusions: Analysis of pharmacy data to evaluate the contraceptive compliance of teens at high risk for pregnancy demonstrated poor compliance. This may be a useful tool for identifying teens at risk for unwanted pregnancy and targeting interventions.
From epidemiologic knowledge to improved health: A vision for translational epidemiology

Epidemiology should aim to improve population health; however, no consensus exists regarding the activities and skills that should be prioritized to achieve this goal. We performed a scoping review of articles addressing the translation of epidemiologic knowledge into improved population health outcomes. We identified 5 themes in the translational epidemiology literature: foundations of epidemiologic thinking, evidence-based public health or medicine, epidemiologic education, implementation science, and community-engaged research (including literature on community-based participatory research). We then identified 5 priority areas for advancing translational epidemiology: 1) scientific engagement with public health; 2) public health communication; 3) epidemiologic education; 4) epidemiology and implementation; and 5) community involvement. Using these priority areas as a starting point, we developed a conceptual framework of translational epidemiology that emphasizes interconnectedness and feedback among epidemiology, foundational science, and public health stakeholders. We also identified 2-5 representative principles in each priority area that could serve as the basis for advancing a vision of translational epidemiology. We believe an emphasis on translational epidemiology can help the broader field to increase the efficiency of translating epidemiologic knowledge into improved health outcomes and to achieve its goal of improving population health.
Imaging of transient and steady-state flow in organ pipes

The transient and steady-state flow at the flue and open end of organ pipes has been studied using high-speed electronic speckle pattern interferometry. We show that the flow at the flue is similar to square and round organ pipes; however, at the open end, the flow depends on the pipe shape. There is a significant flow from a square pipe and no detectable flow from a round pipe. These results can be directly compared to the results of simulations recently developed by Thacker and Giordano. [Work supported by NSF Grant #PHY-160749.]
Blood pressure measurement using pulse transit time

Blood pressure has been measured with a cuff for over a 100 years. Recently, various devices and smart phone applications that measure blood pressure without a cuff using pulse transit time (PTT) have become available. These measurements are based on the inverse relationship between blood pressure and PTT. PTT constitutes the time delay between the QRS complex on ECG and the onset of a photoplethysmography pulse wave, for example in the finger. Since these measurements are relatively more user-friendly than conventional cuff-based measurements, they may aid in more frequent blood pressure monitoring by patients themselves. Initial validation studies, however, seem to suggest that blood pressure measurement using PTT is not accurate. Given the current pace of development in PTT-based blood pressure monitors it seems likely that physicians will be increasingly confronted with measurements from these devices. For the time being, it seems wise to not recommend these types of monitors to patients and to avoid using any of their measurements when making diagnostic or therapeutic decisions.
In-network processing for edge computing with InLocus

As sensors and smart device infrastructure grows, networks are increasingly heterogeneous and diverse. We propose an efficient and low-latency architecture called InLocus, which facilitates stream processing at the network's edge. InLocus balances hardware-accelerated performance with the flexibility of asynchronous software control. In this paper, we extend InLocus architecture by implementing compute nodes in a more traditional cloud-based solution in the form of Apache Kafka and Twitter Heron framework, as well as by introducing a new runtime approach for the previously handwritten C Server. We utilise a flexible platform (Xilinx Zynq SoC) to compare microbenchmarks between the latter and high-level synthesis (HLS) version in programmable hardware.
Novel Piezoelectric-Based Power Supply for Driving Piezoelectric Actuators Designed for Active Vibration Damping Applications

This paper describes a novel step-up DC-AC piezoelectric-based power supply for driving piezoelectric actuators. Piezoelectric actuators have been demonstrated to be very attractive in applications requiring fast response and high actuation force, such as active damping applications. These actuators are commonly installed in self-powered systems (cars, helicopters, aircrafts, satellites, etc.) with limitation in the battery performance, dimensions and maximum weight. Nevertheless, the required driving electrical AC voltage for these actuators is typically in the range of 100 V to 1000 V, quite far from the 9 to 24 V of common batteries. Thus, the use of heavy, large and EMI-noisy electromagnetic transformers becomes necessary which is a drawback for the compact size required. This paper introduces an alternative system for driving piezoelectric actuators using a novel design of piezoelectric transformer, the Transoner®. The proposed solution allows a reduction in size, weight and magnetic noise generation compared to the classical electromagnetic-based systems. The work represents a completely novel approach to the possibilities of piezoelectric transformers for powering high voltage piezoelectric actuators. The solution offers significant advantages in environments requiring high integration, low weight, and low electromagnetic interferences operated with batteries. A circuit configuration capable of converting a 24 V DC input voltage up to 600 Vpp AC output voltage with frequency and magnitude control is implemented. Experimental results are presented for a standard multilayer piezoelectric actuator driven at 100 Vpp within the range of 10 Hz to 500 Hz.
The role of heads and cyclicity in bracketing paradoxes in Armenian compounds

It is often argued that words have complex internal structure in terms of their morphology, phonology, and semantics. On the surface, Armenian compounds present a bracketing paradox between their morphological and phonological structure. I argue that this bracketing paradox simultaneously references endocentricity, strata, and prosody. I use Armenian as a case study to argue for the use of cyclic approaches to bracketing paradoxes over the more common counter-cyclic approaches. I analyze the bracketing paradox using cyclic Head-Operations (Hoeksema 1985) and Prosodic Phonology (Nespor and Vogel 1986), specifically the Prosodic Stem (Downing 1999a). I argue that the interaction between the bracketing paradox and the rest of compound phonology requires the use of stratal levels and cyclicity. I argue that counter-cyclic approaches like Morphological Merger (Marantz 1988) or Morphological Rebracketing (Sproat 1985) are inadequate because they make incorrect predictions about Armenian phonology.
On the Ballot in 2020: Will the United States (finally) embrace civil rights?

This article situates the 2020 presidential election within the context of U.S. history, specifically the longstanding relationship between white supremacist views and what types of U.S. citizens were considered capable of exercising democratic citizenship. I argue that President Trump's use of racialized, nativist tropes must be understood within that context and the ongoing backlash to the advancement of civil rights in the United States. White resistance to racial progress is not new, nor is the violence associated with it. Only by looking at the intersection of white racial resentment and modern sexism can we fully understand the durability of the Trump coalition. The article closes by considering what political scientists should be learning from this moment in order to better explain American political dynamics moving forward.
Race, Body Mass Index, and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF), but it is not known whether this relationship varies by race/ethnicity. Methods and R...
(e)Racing Jennifer Harris: sexuality and race, law and discourse in Harris v. Portland.

In 2007 Penn State basketball coach Rene Portland retired shortly after a confidential settlement ended a discrimination lawsuit brought by former player Jennifer Harris against Portland and Penn State. Because of Portland's infamous policy of not allowing lesbians on her team, her departure was celebrated as a victory against homophobia in sports. Yet although Harris's claims of sexual orientation discrimination were validated in the media, her allegations of racial discrimination were ignored or dismissed as implausible. In this article, we examine the omission of race from the discourse surrounding this case and suggest that both legal and cultural factors contribute to society's tendency to ignore the intersecting discrimination in sport and the multiplicity of identity.
BFF: Bayesian, Fiducial, and Frequentist Analysis of Cognitive Engagement among Cognitively Impaired Older Adults.

Engagement in cognitively demanding activities is beneficial to preserving cognitive health. Our goal was to demonstrate the utility of frequentist, Bayesian, and fiducial statistical methods for evaluating the robustness of effects in identifying factors that contribute to cognitive engagement for older adults experiencing cognitive decline. We collected a total of 504 observations across two longitudinal waves of data from 28 cognitively impaired older adults. Participants’ systolic blood pressure responsivity, an index of cognitive engagement, was continuously sampled during cognitive testing. Participants reported on physical and mental health challenges and provided hair samples to assess chronic stress at each wave. Using the three statistical paradigms, we compared results from six model testing levels and longitudinal changes in health and stress predicting changes in cognitive engagement. Findings were mostly consistent across the three paradigms, providing additional confidence in determining effects. We extend selective engagement theory to cognitive impairment, noting that health challenges and stress appear to be important moderators. Further, we emphasize the utility of the Bayesian and fiducial paradigms for use with relatively small sample sizes because they are not based on asymptotic distributions. In particular, the fiducial paradigm is a useful tool because it provides more information than p values without the need to specify prior distributions, which may unduly influence the results based on a small sample. We provide the R code used to develop and implement all models.
Intra-host SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the gut of mucosally-infected Chlorocebus aethiops (African green monkeys)

In recent months, several SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged that enhance transmissibility and escape host humoral immunity. Hence, the tracking of viral evolutionary trajectories is clearly of great importance. Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 evolution in nonhuman primate models used to test vaccines and therapies and to model human disease. Viral RNA was sequenced from rectal swabs from Chlorocebus aethiops (African green monkeys) after experimental respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection. Two distinct patterns of viral evolution were identified that were shared between all collected samples. First, mutations in the furin cleavage site that were initially present in the virus as a consequence of VeroE6 cell culture adaptation were subsequently lost in virus recovered in rectal swabs, confirming the necessity of this motif for viral infection in vivo. Three amino acid changes were also identified; ORF 1a S2103F, and spike D215G and H655Y, that were detected in rectal swabs from all sampled animals. These finding are demonstrative of intra-host SARS-CoV-2 evolution unique to this nonhuman primate species and identifies a host-adapted variant of SARS-CoV-2 that may be useful in future development of primate disease models.
Patient–Oncologist Therapeutic Alliance Among Young Adults with Cancer: Relationships with Meaning and Peace of Mind

Cancer diagnosis and subsequent treatment can impact how young adults make sense of their worlds and disrupt peace of mind. The patient–oncologist therapeutic alliance, built upon mutual care, resp...
A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Designing Fair Distributed Resource Scheduling Algorithms

Using the Theory of Interaction Systems a fair solution for a generalized mutual exclusion problem had been published. In this paper, its formal mechanism is analyzed in detail from an extended perspective. As a result, we derive the formal specification of a fair solution for the most general resource scheduling problem under completely distributed control. The particular point is that our formal approach allows for a stepwise construction procedure in which each step models a solution for a special case of the problem. The formal specification is then broken down into an algorithm in a procedural language. It is shown how each formal construction step is decomposable into a deadlock-free algorithm and an additional part which then guarantees fairness. Besides discussing the flexibility of our theoretical tools for approaching such general problems we also mention a practical application (resource management in the completely distributed operating system DRAGON SLAYER).
Biodegradable salicylate‐based poly(anhydride‐ester) microspheres for controlled insulin delivery

Salicylate-based poly(anhydride-esters) (PAEs) chemically incorporate salicylic acid (SA) into the polymer backbone, which is then delivered in a controlled manner upon polymer hydrolysis. In this work, a salicylate-based PAE is a carrier to encapsulate and deliver insulin. Polymer microspheres were formulated using a water/oil/water double-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The microspheres obtained had a smooth surface, high protein encapsulation efficiency, and relatively low emulsifier content. Insulin was released in vitro for 15 days, with no signs of aggregation or unfolding of the secondary structure. The released insulin also retained bioactivity in vitro. Concurrently, SA was released from the microspheres with polymer degradation and anti-inflammatory activity was observed. Based upon these results, the formulated microspheres enable simultaneous delivery of insulin and SA, both retaining bioactivity following processing.
Porphyrins: XV. Vapor absorption spectra and stability: Phthalocyanines☆

Abstract Vapor absorption spectra in the range 800–200 mμ are given for free base phthalocyanine (H2Pc), MgPc, TiOPc, VOPc, CrPc, FePc, CoPc, NiPc, CuPc, ZuPc, SnCl2Pc, and PbPc. Electronic bands Q, B, N, L, C characteristic of the ring are found in the regions 660 mμ (15 200 cm−1), 320 mμ (31 300 cm−1), 275 mμ (36 400 cm−1), 245 mμ (40 800 cm−1), 210 mμ (47 600 cm−1), respectively. Vacuum UV spectra of H2Pc and ZnPc are given in the region 200–145 mμ and show nearly constant diffuse absorption with two broad bands at 180 mμ (55 600 cm−1) and 160 mμ (62 500 cm−1) and no evidence of Rydberg spectra. The main bands are nicely accounted for by SCMO-PPP-CI calculations. In addition VOPc, CrPc, FePc, CoPc, NiPc, SnCl2Pc, and PbPc show extra bands. For NiPc these are interpreted in terms of d-π ∗ transitions predicted by extended Huckel theory. The vapor spectra are usually blue shifted several hundred cm−1 with respect to solution spectra in DMSO and 1-chloronaphthalene. Only the vapors VOPc, CoPc, NiPc, CuPc, ZnPc are completely stable; the others decompose more or less quickly. Data are given to provide estimates of vapor pressure which average ∼0.1 Torr at 500°C. Solution spectra of H2Pc and CuPc were studied up to 300°C. The bands generally broaden and shift a few mμ to the red but the Qy of H2Pc broadens abnormally and shows no wave-length shift.
Pico Veleta Atmospheric Noise Limits at Millimeter Wavelengths

In November 2007 and October 2008, we demonstrated a new camera for the 2 mm wavelength band, GISMO (Goddard IRAM Superconducting 2 Millimeter Observer), at the IRAM 30 m telescope in Spain. Based on a novel superconducting transition edge sensor bolometer array, GISMO features a compact optical design that should provide rapid imaging in its band. We detail the calculations made for GISMO to determine the atmospheric emission optical loading and resultant photon noise in the 2 mm band at Pico Veleta, and show confirming measurements obtained during the observing runs.
Renormalization group flow of reduced string actions

It has been argued that certain reduced actions play a role in AdS/CFT when comparing fast moving strings to long single trace operators in gauge theories. Such actions arise in two ways: as a limit of the string action and as a description of long single trace field theory operators. They are non-relativistic sigma models with the target space usually being a Kahler manifold. They are non-renormalizable and need a cut-off in the wave-length. If the total spin (or charge) contained in a minimal wavelength is large compared to one, the system behaves approximately classically and an expansion in loops is meaningful. In this paper we apply the renormalization group procedure to such actions and find, at one-loop, that the Kahler potential flows in the infrared to a Kahler-Einstein one.Therefore, in this context, the anomalous dimensions of long operators are determined by a fixed point. This suggests that certain features of the large N-limit might be independent of the detailed properties of a gauge theory.
National Resources Inventory (NRI), US

The US National Resources Inventory (NRI) is a longitudinal survey conducted by the US Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service in cooperation with the Iowa State University Center for Survey Statistics and Methodology. The NRI is designed to periodically assess conditions and trends for soil, water, and related natural resources on nonfederal lands of the United States, with major releases in years ending in two and seven. The survey has evolved over a period of several decades, with the goal of providing information to support agricultural and environmental policy development and program implementation. The current design involves annual remotely sensed data collection on a large area sample, with smaller onsite surveys to collect more intensive data on specific natural resources. Keywords: environment; natural resources; agriculture; inventory; survey; sampling; longitudinal; monitoring
Using Cultural Theory to Specify Underspecified Aspects of Policy Theory

Rational Choice (RC), institutionalist, and post-positivist approaches to policy theory have significantly advanced scholarly understandings, as have Punctuated Equilibria Theory (PET), The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), and Policy Network Theory (PNT), which to some extent draw on these approaches. However, as proponents recognize, each of these approaches, theories, and frameworks could be strengthened in a variety of ways. This paper argues that the cultural theory (CT) developed by Mary Douglas, Aaron Wildavsky, and others contains key elements that can help specify underspecified aspects of these approaches, theories, and frameworks, thus promising to help further develop policy theory.
Water conservation and hydrological transitions in cities in the United States

Cities across the world have had to diversify and expand their water supply systems in response to demand growth, groundwater depletion and pollution, and instability and inadequacy of regional surface freshwater sources. In the U.S., these problems plague not only the arid Western cities but increasingly also cities in the Eastern portions of the country. Although cities continue to seek out new sources of water via Promethean projects of long-distance supply systems, desalinization plants, and the recharge of aquifers with surface water, they also pursue water conservation because of its low cost and other benefits. We examine water conservation as a complex sociotechnical system comprising interactions of political, sociodemographic, economic, and hydroclimatological factors. We provide quantitative data on the factors that affect more and less advanced transitions in water conservation regimes, and we show that water stress and other hydrological data can only partially predict the transition. We also provide qualitative case studies to identify institutional and political barriers to more advanced water conservation regimes. This interdisciplinary, mixed methods approach typifies the need for knowledge that informs hydrologists about how their research may or may not be adopted by decision-makers.
Sociocultural Aspects of Health Psychology

The purpose of this chapter is to provide updated information about sociodemographic information on research on health psychology, with a focus on ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. The economic and cultural diversity in the U.S. population continues to grow and present a broad array of factors that produce a variety of outcomes, conditions, and health consequences. The information provided here still represents just a small fraction of the complexity and importance of sociodemographic information to understanding health. We conclude this chapter with some suggestions with regard to methodological refinement of research and insights into possible future directions in behavioral medicine research on ethnically, gender, and economically diverse populations. Keywords: SES; gender; biobehavioral; culture; race/ethnicity
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Neurosarcoidosis

Neurosarcoidosis is an uncommon condition with protean manifestations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used in the diagnostic evaluation and follow-up of patients with neurosarcoidosis. Therefore, familiarity with the variety of MRI appearances is important. In this pictorial essay, the range of possible patterns of involvement in neurosarcoidosis are depicted and discussed. These include intracranial and spine leptomeningeal involvement, cortical and cerebral white matter lesions, corpus callosum involvement, sellar and suprasellar involvement, periventricular involvement, cranial nerve involvement, cavernous sinus involvement, hydrocephalus, dural involvement, ischemic lesions, perivascular involvement, orbit lesions, osseous involvement, nerve root involvement, and spinal cord intramedullary involvement. Differential diagnoses for each pattern of involvement of neurosarcoidosis are also provided.
Light on the Body

In "One Body," the title poem at the exact center of Margaret Gibson's new volume of celebration and mourning, with nineteen poems and thirty-few pages to either side of it, the narrator places herself in a field of wheat as it is being cut. The "clackety mower" circles inward from the perimeter, leaving less wheat standing with each round, which in turn drives the quail and rabbits closer and closer to the center of the field with its narrowing strip of cover. The action soon to follow will be violent and quick. Men "keen on the kill, late light / on the steel of their rifles," will enjoy the rush of the hunt, and the narrative one might expect is that of the chase, with, perhaps, dogs leaping over stubble like hurdlers to catch sight of rabbits as they break from cover. From the tops of their arcs, the dogs would hover, their eager heads turning this way and that, look ing for a rabbit in flight. Men may chase after the dogs, to retrieve rabbits from canine jaws, to break a neck?mercifully??and drop one more body into a pouch. And perhaps that "late light" on the rifles is as in the phrase "late capitalism," but if so, that is implicit, as Gibson surprises by neither thrilling to the hunt nor providing easy, editorial critique, but by taking the part of the rabbit. She too crouches in the standing wheat, because she wants to see how the body of the hunted "goes still,"