cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphology of Multiwall WS2 Nanotubes

Recent progress in the synthesis of bulk quantities of long WS2 nanotubes has allowed them to be considered as potential candidates in various applications, specifically in nanotechnology. In order to evaluate their efficacy in such applications and to obtain a better insight into their growth mechanism, morphological studies were performed both by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Three types of WS2 nanotubes, a few microns in length, were found. The nanotubes denoted “thin” have a diameter up to 30 nm and are circular; those denoted “thick” have a larger diameter, up to 150 nm, and are often polygonal. A third kind of nanotube, bundled or fused, could be also discerned. Differences in the morphology of the nanotube caps were also observed: The majority of “thin” nanotubes exhibit a head close to hemispherical, while the “thick” ones have a peculiar 90° apex. It is argued that the two discernible morphologies are obtained through two distinct growth mechanisms, as discus...
Tools for Organizational Survival in the Internet Age: Adaptivity, Creativity, and Diversification

The Internet has had a profound effect on the speed and global reach of competition, which has pushed the need for adaptivity to the forefront of corporate survival. Because of an unprecedented convergence of technologies, threats to companies can come from unexpected places. This necessitates a re-examination of many of the traditional assumptions of marketing theory. Firms that want to survive must not limit themselves by focusing solely on defining and satisfying the needs of a consumer segment. Instead, they must be adaptable, ever on the alert for new areas into which they can expand, and from which threats can come. The focus should be on the ability of the firm to take advantage of various synergies in order to compete, if possible, in different industries.
Levetiracetam mitigates doxorubicin-induced DNA and synaptic damage in neurons

Neurotoxicity may occur in cancer patients and survivors during or after chemotherapy. Cognitive deficits associated with neurotoxicity can be subtle or disabling and frequently include disturbances in memory, attention, executive function and processing speed. Searching for pathways altered by anti-cancer treatments in cultured primary neurons, we discovered that doxorubicin, a commonly used anti-neoplastic drug, significantly decreased neuronal survival. The drug promoted the formation of DNA double-strand breaks in primary neurons and reduced synaptic and neurite density. Pretreatment of neurons with levetiracetam, an FDA-approved anti-epileptic drug, enhanced survival of chemotherapy drug-treated neurons, reduced doxorubicin-induced formation of DNA double-strand breaks, and mitigated synaptic and neurite loss. Thus, levetiracetam might be part of a valuable new approach for mitigating synaptic damage and, perhaps, for treating cognitive disturbances in cancer patients and survivors.
171 CHARACTERIZATION OF TYPE I AND TYPE II DIABETES BY APOLIPOPROTEIN-DEFINED LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASSES.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize type I and type II diabetes by apolipoprotein-defined apoA-I and apoB-containing lipoprotein subclasses. Background Traditional characterization of plasma lipoproteins has been based on their physical properties including density, size, and electric charge. However, due to compositional and metabolic heterogeneity of lipoprotein density classes, we have employed an alternative classification system of lipoproteins based on apolipoproteins as pivotal and unique determinants of the structural, metabolic, and functional properties of lipoproteins. This concept has now been applied to the characterization and comparison of lipoprotein profiles of type I (n = 35) and type II (n = 49) diabetic patients. Methods Two major apolipoprotein-defined apoA-I-containing lipoprotein subclasses, LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II, were measured by a differential electroimmunoassay, while the major apoB-containing lipoprotein subclasses including cholesterol-rich LpB and LpB:E and triglyceride-rich LpB:C, LpB:C:E and LpA-II:B:C:D:E were determined by a sequential immunoprecipitation procedure. Results There were no significant differences in the levels of lipids, apolipoproteins, and apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses between well-controlled type I diabetic patients and asymptomatic, normolipidemic controls (n = 40). In contrast, subjects with type II diabetes had significantly lower levels of HDL-C, apoA-I, LpA-I, and LpA-I:A-II and significantly higher levels of triglycerides, VLDL-C, apoC-III, and triglyceride-rich LpB:C and LpA-II:B:C:D:E subclasses than those of type I diabetic subjects or normal controls. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and cholesterol-rich LpB and LpB:E between type I and II diabetic and control subjects. Conclusion The atherogenic dyslipidemia of type II diabetes is characterized by increased levels of triglyceride-rich, but not cholesterol-rich, apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses. The lipoprotein profile of well-controlled type I diabetes is similar, if not identical, to that of normolipidemic, asymptomatic subjects.
Cross-section study on co-infection of HIV and Cryptosporidium

Objective To investigate the co-infection status of HIV and Cryptosporidium, and explore the influencing factors associated with the co-infection. Methods A total of 309 people with HIV positive in Fuyang City of Anhui Province were recruited and their fecal and blood samples were collected for examinations of Cryptosporidium spp. infection and the levels of hemoglobin, cytokines and CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Meanwhile, the questionnaire survey was conducted. Results Among 302 people involved in fecal examinations, the infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. was 8.28%, and the difference between infection rates of the male (13.49%) and the female (2.92%) was statistically significant (P 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that 4 factors were significantly associated with the coinfection of HIV and Cryptosporidium spp, including male (OR =6.700, 95% CI: 2.030, 22.114), younger than 42 years old (OR = 4.148, 95% CI: 1.348, 12.761), level of IL-2 below 77 pg/ml (OR =0.226, 95%CI: 0.076, 0.674) and personal hygiene habits (OR = 0.324, 95% CI: 0.105, 0.994). Conclusion The co-infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. and HIV is high, the key targets of control are the people who are male, younger than 42 years old, with high level of IL2 and poor personal hygiene habits.
Appendix C Incidence Algebras and Möbius Inversion

The purpose of this appendix is to familiarize the reader with an important combinatorial technique that is used throughout the text. The theory of incidence algebras and Mobius inversion for posets was developed by Rota [Rot64] and can be considered as part of the origins of algebraic combinatorics. It provides a highly conceptual generalization of the principle of inclusion-exclusion. A thorough introduction, including techniques for computing the Mobius function of a poset and connections with algebraic topology, can be found in Stanley’s classic text [Sta97, Chapter 3]. Throughout this appendix, P will denote a finite poset.
Guiding flying-spot laser transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy with optical coherence tomography.

Purpose To analyze transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) results using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and develop a model to guide the laser dioptric and depth settings. Setting Casey Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA. Design Prospective nonrandomized case series. Methods Patients with superficial corneal opacities and irregularities had transepithelial PTK with a flying-spot excimer laser by combining wide-zone myopic and hyperopic astigmatic ablations. Optical coherence tomography was used to calculate corneal epithelial lenticular masking effects, guide refractive laser settings, and measure opacity removal. The laser ablation efficiency and the refractive outcome were investigated using multivariate linear regression models. Results Twenty-six eyes of 20 patients received PTK to remove opacities and irregular astigmatism due to scar, dystrophy, radial keratotomy, or previous corneal surgeries. The uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity were significantly improved (P Conclusions The OCT-measured ablation depth efficiency could guide opacity removal. The corneal epithelial lenticular masking effect could refine the spherical refractive nomogram to achieve a better refractive outcome after transepithelial ablation.
Hierarchical Architecture of Sequences and Bounding Surfaces In A Depositional-Dip Transect of the Fluvio-Deltaic Ferron Sandstone (Turonian), Southeastern Utah, U.S.A.

Abstract: Depositional-dip-oriented transects through coastal-plain to nearshore marine domains are essential elements of generic sequence stratigraphic models for continental-margin successions. Many questions remain about the validity of these models, however, because well-constrained outcrop examples are sparse. Presented herein is the first detailed study of a 30-km-long, almost continuously exposed, depositional-dip transect through nonmarine and marine facies of the fluvio-deltaic Ferron Sandstone. This transect is connected to the southern end of a previously documented, 67-km-long, depositional-strike-oriented section. Excellent exposure reveals relationships among facies, stacking patterns, and bounding surfaces across three orders of sequences and various shoreline trajectories. Deposits of sequences are dominated by falling-stage systems tracts, suggesting a regime dominated by long, gradual relative falls in sea level punctuated by shorter relative rises. Widespread fluvial downcutting is generally absent. Distributary-channel sandstones pass down dip into broadly contemporaneous shoreface and delta-front sandstones. A composite sequence boundary divides the study interval into two composite sequence sets. Sequence sets I–III comprise eastward-dipping, offlapping clinoform sets defining a descending, regressive shoreline trajectory (falling-stage deltas). Sequence sets IV–VI overlie a thin transgressive deposit and consist of progradational to aggradational clinoform sets (highstand deltas). Key bounding surfaces are similar at all scales of the hierarchy: they are diachronous, cryptic, and pass down depositional dip into conformable surfaces where they are almost impossible to recognize as key surfaces. Differentiation between units and surfaces that develop at different hierarchical levels is possible only by integrating detailed outcrop observations with regional stratigraphic architecture.
The Impact of Marriage Equality on Sexual Minority Women’s Relationships With Their Families of Origin

Support from family of origin is important to the health and wellbeing of sexual minority women (SMW) and structural stigma may impact that support. The recent extension of marriage rights to same-...
Equity implications for sanitation from recent health and nutrition evidence

Recent evidence points to the possible underestimation of the health and nutrition impact of sanitation. Community sanitation coverage may first need to reach thresholds in the order of 60% or higher, to optimize health and nutrition gains. Increasing coverage of sanitation to levels below 60% of community coverage may not result in substantial gains. For example, moving Indonesia from 60% to 100% improved sanitation coverage could significantly reduce diarrhoea in children under 5 years old (by an estimated 24% reduction in odds ratio for child diarrhoea morbidity) with gains split equally by reaching underserved communities and the unserved within communities. We review the implications of these results across three levels of program implementation – from micro level approaches (that support communities to achieve open defecation-free status), to meso level (sub-national implementation) to macro level approaches for the national enabling environment and the global push to the Sustainable Development Goals. We found significant equity implications and recommend that future studies focus more extensively on community coverage levels and verified community open defecation free status rather than household access alone. Sanitation practitioners may consider developing phased approaches to improving water, sanitation and hygiene in communities while prioritizing the unserved or underserved.
Soluble Polymer-Bound Catalysts

Much of the impetus for using polymers as reagents and catalysts derives from the success of Merrifield’s procedure for peptide synthesis. The insolubility of divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrenes, their facile chemical derivatization and desirable physical properties all combined to make these polymer-supported reagents the reagents of choice for synthesis of small peptides.1 In the late 1960’s and throughout the 1970’s there was a great deal of interest in extending this chemistry to include ordinary organic reactions
OxyR-Dependent Transcription Response of Sinorhizobium meliloti to Oxidative Stress

Reactive oxygen species such as peroxides play an important role in plant development, cell wall maturation, and defense responses. During nodulation with the host plant Medicago sativa, Sinorhizobium meliloti cells are exposed to H2O2 in infection threads and developing nodules (R. Santos, D. Herouart, S. Sigaud, D. Touati, and A. Puppo, Mol Plant Microbe Interact 14:86-89, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.1.86). S. meliloti cells likely also experience oxidative stress, from both internal and external sources, during life in the soil. Here, we present microarray transcription data for S. meliloti wild-type cells compared to a mutant deficient in the key oxidative regulatory protein OxyR, each in response to H2O2 treatment. Several alternative sigma factor genes are upregulated in the response to H2O2; the stress sigma gene rpoE2 shows OxyR-dependent induction by H2O2, while rpoH1 expression is induced by H2O2 irrespective of the oxyR genotype. The activity of the RpoE2 sigma factor in turn causes increased expression of two more sigma factor genes, rpoE5 and rpoH2 Strains with deletions of rpoH1 showed improved survival in H2O2 as well as increased levels of oxyR and total catalase expression. These results imply that ΔrpoH1 strains are primed to deal with oxidative stress. This work presents a global view of S. meliloti gene expression changes, and of regulation of those changes, in response to H2O2IMPORTANCE Like all aerobic organisms, the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti experiences oxidative stress throughout its complex life cycle. This report describes the global transcriptional changes that S. meliloti makes in response to H2O2 and the roles of the OxyR transcriptional regulator and the RpoH1 sigma factor in regulating those changes. By understanding the complex regulatory response of S. meliloti to oxidative stress, we may further understand the role that reactive oxygen species play as both stressors and potential signals during symbiosis.
Better Diet Quality during Pregnancy Is Associated with a Reduced Likelihood of an Infant Born Small for Gestational Age: An Analysis of the Prospective New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

Background Birth weight has a U-shaped relation with chronic disease. Diet quality during pregnancy may impact fetal growth and infant birth weight, yet findings are inconclusive. Objective We examined the relation between maternal diet quality during pregnancy and infant birth size among women enrolled in a prospective birth cohort. Methods Women 18-45 y old with a singleton pregnancy were recruited at 24-28 wk of gestation from prenatal clinics in New Hampshire. Women completed a validated food frequency questionnaire at enrollment. Diet quality was computed as adherence to the Alternative Healthy Eating Index. Infant birth outcomes (sex, head circumference, weight, and length) were extracted from medical records. Weight-for-length z scores, low birth weight, macrosomia, and size for gestational age [small for gestational age (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA)] were computed. Multivariable regression models fit each outcome on quartiles of diet quality, adjusted for covariates. Models were computed overall and stratified by smoking status. Results Analyses included 862 women and infants with complete data. Lower diet quality was associated with lower maternal education, being a smoker, prepregnancy obesity status, and lack of exercise during pregnancy. Overall, 3.4% of infants were born with a low birth weight, 12.1% with macrosomia, 4.6% were SGA, and 8.7% were LGA. In an adjusted model, increased diet quality appeared linearly associated with a reduced likelihood of SGA (P-trend = 0.03), although each quartile comparison did not reach statistical significance. Specifically, ORs for SGA were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.37, 2.15), 0.73 (95% CI: 0.28, 1.89), and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.11, 1.08) for each increasing quartile of diet quality compared to the lowest quartile. Similar trends for SGA were observed among non-smokers (n = 756; P-trend = 0.07). Also among non-smokers, increased diet quality was associated with lower infant birth weight (P-trend = 0.03) and a suggested reduction in macrosomia (P-trend = 0.07). Conclusions Increased diet quality during pregnancy was related to a reduced risk of SGA in this cohort of pregnant women from New Hampshire. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the relation between maternal diet quality and macrosomia.
Office Evaluation of Urinary Incontinence

The goals of the basic evaluation are to confirm urinary incontinence (UI) and to identify factors that may be contributing to or resulting from UI. The general evaluation of UI should include a history, fluid intake/voiding diary, physical examination, urinalysis, urine culture, and measurement of postvoid residual urine. For selected patients, a blood test (urea and creatinine), urodynamic evaluation, cystoscopy, and imaging studies of the urinary tract or the central nervous system may be recommended.
Educational preparation for the emergency nurse practitioner.

EDITOR'S NOTE Following the recent JAANP article on Emergency Nurse Practitioner educational standards, one of our readers engaged with the authors to discuss the relationship between the urgent care setting and the emergency care setting. They provided this commentary to further enhance the understanding of this specialty area.
Pediatric earlobe keloids: Outcomes and patterns of recurrence.

Abstract Purpose Keloids occur as a result of abnormal wound healing and as many as 70% of keloids and hypertrophic scars affect the pediatric population. Earlobe keloids, similar to lesions elsewhere in the body, remain a challenging problem given the high rates of recurrence and lack of consensus regarding treatment strategy. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes and patterns of recurrences following treatment of earlobe keloids in a large cohort of pediatric patients to facilitate identification of the optimal treatment strategy. Methods All pediatric patients who underwent surgical therapy for earlobe keloids over a 10-year period (2004–2015) were identified and demographic, clinical and outcomes data were collected. A follow-up phone survey was administered to assess rates of long-term recurrence and overall satisfaction with the treatment strategy. Data analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Fisher's exact as appropriate. Results A total of 94 patients with 135 keloids were identified. Mean age was 14 years with slight preponderance of females (52%) and a majority (75%) of the patients were African American (AA). Mean keloid size was 2.4 cm (0.25–11 cm) with ear piercing being the most common inciting etiology. Excision with steroid injection (59%) was the most frequent treatment approach followed by excision alone (25%). During a median follow up of 2 years, keloid recurrence occurred in 27 (28.7%) patients, 19 (70.4%) underwent additional therapy with 10 (52.6%) re-recurrences noted. Median time to recurrence was 23 months, with a slightly higher recurrence rate in AA patients (32%; p = 0.26) and in those age Conclusion This represents the largest series of earlobe keloids treatment in children. Our data suggest that recurrence rates are unaffected by the age at excision and race of the patient. Moreover, adjuncts to excisional therapy such as steroid injection, compression therapy and radiation also did not appear to influence recurrence. Given the pattern of recurrences studies with longer term follow-up are needed to assess the efficacy of treatment strategies. Type of study Case series. Level of evidence IV
Compensatory sagittal plane ankle gait mechanics: Are they present in patients with a weak or stiff hip?

Abstract Introduction Simulations suggest that subjects with reduced hip range of motion (ROM) and/or weakness can achieve more normal walking mechanics through compensations at the ankle. The aims of this study were to assess whether subjects with reduced hip ROM (Stiff hip) or hip flexor weakness (Weak hip) exhibit ankle compensations during walking and investigate redistribution of power in the lower extremity joints. Methods Retrospective gait data were reviewed (IRB-approved hip registry). Preoperative kinematic/kinetic walking data were collected in patients with: adolescent hip dysplasia (AHD), femoral acetabular impingement (FAI), and Legg-Calve Perthes disease (Perthes). AHD patients with significantly weak hip flexors on their affected side were included (Weak hip group). The Gait Profile Score (GPS) was calculated on the affected side of the FAI and Perthes groups to identify patients who had a Stiff hip. Patients who had undergone a hip arthrodesis (Fusion) were also included (Stiff hip group). Ankle kinematics/kinetics were compared to healthy participants (Control). The total positive work of sagittal plane hip, knee and ankle power were compared along with the distribution of power. Results Patients in the Weak/Stiff hip groups did not walk with greater ankle plantarflexion, peak push-off power or positive ankle work on their affected sides compared to Control. Ankle work contribution (percentage of total positive work) on the affected or unaffected sides was greater in the Perthes and Hip Fusion patients compared to Control. Significant gait abnormalities on the unaffected side were observed. Conclusions Patients with a weak or stiff hip did exhibit altered ankle mechanics during walking. Greater percent ankle work contribution appeared to correspond with hip stiffness. In patients with hip pathology the redistribution of power among the lower extremity joints can highlight the importance of preserving ankle function.
A Focused Optically Transparent PVDF Transducer for Photoacoustic Microscopy

This papers reports the development of a novel focused optically-transparent ultrasound transducer with a wide bandwidth for photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). It consists of a 9- $\mu \text{m}$ -thick polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film coated with Indium-tin oxide (ITO) and metal electrodes, which is laminated onto a concave glass lens. A new fabrication process was developed to ensure the formation of continuous ITO coatings on the curved transducer surface without fracturing. Both optical and acoustic experiments were conducted to characterize the performance of the transducer. The testing results show that the transducer has an optical transmittance of 60% (@ 532 nm), an acoustic center frequency of 24 MHz, and an acoustic bandwidth of 26 MHz. With an acoustic numerical aperture (NA) of 0.23, it provides a 0.13-mm acoustic focal spot and a 1.6-mm focal depth. For demonstration, a PAM setup was built for conducting PA imaging on different targets. In contrast to existing PAM systems, the use of the optically-transparent focused transducer allows a simpler and more compact configuration and easier alignment of the optical excitation and acoustic focal points. Such features are especially useful for the development of miniaturized PAM systems for handheld, wearable and even endoscopic applications.
The Potential of Gelam Honey in Promoting the Proliferative Phase of Corneal Reepithelialization.

Introduction Advances in molecular diagnostic medicine have allowed for more rapid, accurate, and comprehensive methods for identifying microorganisms in a chronic wound, which led to the de- velopment and use of a tailored topical antibiotic gel aimed at treating this bioburden. Objective This is a retrospective chart review evalu- ating the authors' early experience with the use of bacteria-speci c antimicrobial gel therapy on chronic lower extremity wounds that have not responded to standard therapy. Materials and methods All patients in the study were treated with a topical gel along with standard of care modalities. Results A total of 48 patients with 76 wounds (50/76 venous leg ulcers; 65.8%) were identi ed and analyzed. Of the 48 patients, 11 (22.9%) had complete wound closure at a mean of 101.6 days of treatment. The number of wounds decreasing in size improved from 45.3% to 77.6% after gel therapy. An analysis of all wounds showed an increase in size by 0.7% weekly with the topical gel; how- ever, a mean weekly healing rate of 6.5% was seen when analyzing only the subset of wounds that decreased in size. Conclusions Although a minor improvement of weekly healing rate was seen for a subset of the wounds, the overall wound closure rate was low.
A machine learning approach to filtrate loss determination and test automation for drilling and completion fluids

Abstract Drilling fluid property characterization currently involves several manually executed analytical tests, conducted in accordance with American Petroleum Institute (API) recommended practices 13B-1 and 13B-2. Standard (API) and high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) filter press units are used for filtrate loss (FL) measurements. However, these test methods have certain important disadvantages. FL tests are conducted at standardized conditions that generally do not reflect downhole oil and gas well conditions in terms of downhole pressure, temperature and filter medium encountered, present safety concerns due to their elevated pressure and temperature, and are performed only infrequently by a human mud engineer. The human measurement also introduces concerns around inaccuracies due to inconsistent practices and interpretation bias of the results. In addition, FL measurements are hard to automate given their manual, human-centric operating tasks. In this paper, we investigate if it is really necessary to automate FL measurements, or if the (strictly qualitative) information they provide can be obtained in a smarter, more advanced way. For this purpose, the relationship between fluid properties was investigated in detail using machine learning and deep learning techniques. Random forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron (MLP) and multi-linear regression models were trained and tested to predict API and HPHT FL of water-based muds (WBM) based on fluid property readings of rheology, density, and temperature. A similar approach was also used for HPHT filtrate loss prediction of oil-based muds (OBM), taking into account their electrical stability and water content. A key advantage of this approach is that these WBM and OBM fluid properties can be obtained in real-time with measurements that are relatively simple and easy to automate (e.g. obtaining fluid density automatically and continuously from a Coriolis mass-flow meter measurement). Thus, real-time assessment of API and HPHT FL becomes possible without ever having to actually carry out any filter press measurements, thereby also eliminating the need to directly automate these measurements. The models were verified by dedicated laboratory experiments. The developed models estimated API and HPHT FL of WBM, and HPHT FL of OBM with mean absolute errors (MAE) of 0.56 ml/30min, 1.15 ml/30min and 0.79 ml/30min respectively, well within the measurement accuracy of the observations by a human mud engineer.
Voice Conversion for Persons with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) results in progressive paralysis of voluntary muscles throughout the body. As speech deteriorates, individuals rely on pre-programmed messages available on commercial speech generating devices to communicate using one of the generic electronic voices on the device. To replace these generic voices and restore vocal identity, our aim is to develop personalized voices for people with ALS via the approach of voice conversion. The task is challenging because very few people have large quantities of their premorbid healthy speech recorded. Therefore, we have to rely on small quantities of dysarthric speech concomitant with an individual's disease stage. Further, progressive fatigue prohibits acquisition of large speech datasets and individuals display a range of dysarthria severities resulting from breathing, voice, articulation, resonance, and prosody disturbances. As the first step to address these problems, we use healthy source speakers and propose the approach of combining a structured sparse spectral transform with multiple linear regression-based frequency warping prediction for spectral conversion, and interpolating the transformed spectral frames for speech rate modification. Our experimental data included four healthy source speakers from the ARCTIC dataset, and four target ALS speakers with mild to severe dysarthria, forming 16 speaker pairs. Subjective listening evaluations showed that on average, (i) the proposed approach improved speech intelligibility by about 80% over the target speakers’ speech, (ii) the converted voice was 3 times more similar to the target speakers’ speech than to the source speakers’ speech, and (iii) the converted speech quality was close to the MOS scale “good” relative to the source speakers’ speech being “excellent.”
Abstract CS1-2: Emerging Therapies for HER2 Positive Breast Cancer

HER2 targeted therapies have had a significant impact in improving clinical outcomes and survival for patients with HER2 positive breast cancer. However, new therapies for patients with refractory disease are still needed. Based on a greater understanding of the biology and mechanisms of resistance, a new generation of HER2 agents is evolving. Here we provide an overview of promising novel therapies, both proven and in development, for the treatment of refractory HER2 positive breast cancer. This will include a review of antibody drug conjugates, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune strategies as well as future combination therapies. Citation Format: S Modi. Emerging Therapies for HER2 Positive Breast Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr CS1-2.
Subject-Based Learning in Unschooling

One of the most common questions asked of unschooling families is “How do children learn if there is no set curriculum?” In this chapter, subject-based learning in unschooling is reviewed. A large portion of the chapter is dedicated to how unschoolers learn to read and do math. Additional parts of the chapter concentrate on how unschoolers learn science, history, and second languages. One of the major benefits of unschooling is that unschoolers tend to know how to learn what they need to know. Gaps in learning within both unschoolers and traditionally schooled students is also discussed.
Introduction of spin centers in single crystals of B a 2 CaW O 6 -δ

Developing the field of quantum information science (QIS) hinges upon designing viable qubits, the smallest unit in quantum computing. One approach to creating qubits is introducing paramagnetic defects into semiconductors or insulators. This class of qubits has seen success in the form of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, divacancy defects in SiC, and P doped into Si. These materials feature paramagnetic defects in a low-nuclear-spin environment to reduce the impact of nuclear spin on electronic spin coherence. In this work, we report single-crystal growth of $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{CaW}{\mathrm{O}}_{6\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ and the coherence properties of introduced ${\mathrm{W}}^{5+}$ spin centers generated by oxygen vacancies. $\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}\mathrm{CaW}{\mathrm{O}}_{6\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ ($\ensuremath{\delta}=0$) is a B-site ordered double perovskite with a temperature-dependent octahedral tilting wherein oxygen vacancies generate ${\mathrm{W}}^{5+}$ (${d}^{1}$), $S=1/2$, $I=0$, centers. We characterized these defects by measuring the spin-lattice (${T}_{1}$) and spin-spin relaxation (${T}_{2}$) times from $T=5\ensuremath{-}150\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. At $T=5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, ${T}_{1}=310\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ms}$ and ${T}_{2}=4\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$, establishing the viability of these qubit candidates. With increasing temperature, ${T}_{2}$ remains constant up to $T=60\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and then decreases to ${T}_{2}\ensuremath{\sim}1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ at $T=90\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, and remains roughly constant until $T=150\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, demonstrating the remarkable stability of ${T}_{2}$ with increasing temperature. Together, these results demonstrate that systematic defect generation in double-perovskite structures can generate viable paramagnetic point centers for quantum applications and expand the field of potential materials for QIS.
Teriparatide in individuals with a prior history of radiation therapy-a case series.

Teriparatide is a highly effective anabolic therapy for use in patients with osteoporosis at elevated fracture risk but carries a warning about an increased risk of osteosarcoma based on findings from pre-approval animal studies. Since approval, follow-up of individuals treated with teriparatide has not shown an increased risk of osteosarcoma, but it is still recommended to avoid teriparatide in patients with risk factors for osteosarcoma. One such risk factor is radiotherapy; deciding whether to use teriparatide therapy in patients at high risk of fracture but with a history of radiotherapy is therefore a frequent clinical problem. We sought to identify whether clinicians are using teriparatide in patients with a history of radiotherapy despite the warning and to explore the rationale for this choice. Herein, we describe six cases where the likelihood of fracture, osteosarcoma, and the benefits of teriparatide treatment are assessed to determine the appropriateness of prescribing teriparatide in the setting of prior or concurrent radiotherapy. All six patients had severe osteoporosis with limited treatment options. For those who completed 2 years of teriparatide, no further fractures during the follow-up period have occurred, and improvements in bone density (as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were observed. Despite radiotherapy being a relative contraindication to teriparatide use, there may be a role for teriparatide in select cases where osteoporosis is complex and severe and where other treatment options are not suitable or have been exhausted. The risks vs. benefits of prescribing teriparatide in this population should always be carefully considered, and both the patient and treating oncologist should be educated on the potential risk of osteosarcoma development when teriparatide is continued during radiotherapy.
ReplayCache: Enabling Volatile Cachesfor Energy Harvesting Systems

Energy harvesting systems have shown their unique benefit of ultra-long operation time without maintenance and are expected to be more prevalent in the era of Internet of Things. However, due to the batteryless nature, they suffer unpredictable frequent power outages. They thus require a lightweight mechanism for crash consistency since saving/restoring checkpoints across the outages can limit forward progress by consuming hard-won energy. For the reason, energy harvesting systems have been designed with a non-volatile memory (NVM) only. The use of a volatile data cache has been assumed to be not viable or at least challenging due to the difficulty to ensure cacheline persistence. In this paper, we propose ReplayCache, a software-only crash consistency scheme that enables commodity energy harvesting systems to exploit a volatile data cache. ReplayCache does not have to ensure the persistence of dirty cachelines or record their logs at run time. Instead, ReplayCache recovery runtime re-executes the potentially unpersisted stores in the wake of power failure to restore the consistent NVM state, from which interrupted program can safely resume. To support store replay during recovery, ReplayCache partitions program into a series of regions in a way that store operand registers remain intact within each region, and checkpoints all registers just before power failure using the crash consistency mechanism of the commodity systems. For performance, ReplayCache enables region-level persistence that allows the stores in a region to be asynchronously persisted until the region ends, exploiting ILP. The evaluation with 23 benchmark applications show that compared to the baseline with no caches, ReplayCache can achieve about 10.72x and 8.5x-8.9x speedup (on geometric mean) for the scenarios without and with power outages, respectively.
TransLighting group, inc. a small town, family business

TransLighting Group, Inc. consists of two companies all centered around the transportation industry. The original company, TransLighting, was started in 1962 by Henry Phillips. Henry was an engineer with Ford Motor Company specializing in braking wiring systems. Over an eight-year period, he designed and patented several wiring and harness systems that are used in cars as of the 2006 model year. Back in the 1950s Henry had the opportunity to learn about and use LED technology. He even came up with a process using this technology to increase brake light visibility (i.e., the third or middle brake light on most cars). In June 1961 over dinner with another engineering buddy, Bill Acken, Bill figured that they could use this same technology to display roadside messages for motorists. Following license approval from Ford, Bill and Henry started TransLighting in White Lake, Michigan.
Macroquasars: Supermassive Black Holes in the Centers of Galaxies

Once recognized as a black hole system, the process of cataloging, classifying, explaining, and unifying like systems can begin. The next few chapters describe several different varieties of black hole systems. Also discussed are several different criteria for explaining why these systems appear the way they do to observers and for unifying them with other types of black hole system. Ultimately, we shall see that all black hole systems (including the small ones in our own Galaxy) are fundamentally the same. They differ only in the mass of their central black hole, how fast it is rotating, how fast it consumes fuel, the angle at which we view it (relative to the hole’s spin axis), and the nature of the environment in which the black hole resides.
Evaluating Gorbachev as Leader

An American political scientist evaluates Mikhail Gorbachev's leadership during a pivotal five-year period in Soviet history. Baselines for evaluations are established and some new interpretations and evidence, which includes material of interest to political economists, is presented and discussed. The author compares Gorbachev's record to prescriptions implicit in theoretical literature on transformational leadership and transitions to democracy. He concludes that Gorbachev's strategy of transforming culture and politics before economics, and his political tactic of “radical centrism,” have been wise choices, and may not have exhausted their utility. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 124, 822.
Case 3623 Grallaria fenwickorum Barrera et al., 2010 (Aves, formicariidae): proposed replacement of an indeterminate holotype by a neotype

Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Article 75.5 of the Code, is to replace the incomplete and improperly described holotype of the antpitta Grallaria fenwickorum Barrera et al., 2010 with a neotype that constitutes a full, diagnosable, name-bearing type. Because the holotype of G. fenwickorum was described poorly, was not deposited appropriately in a scientific collection and does not possess the characters that diagnose the taxon, and because the taxonomy of Grallaria ranks among the most fluid of all avian genera, it is crucial that a full, information-rich, recognizable type be available to the scientific community to represent this new taxon. I consider G. fenwickorum to be a nomen dubium and urge declaration of a neotype as a basis for a more stable foundation in the complex taxonomy of this genus.
DOES SALES-ONLY APPORTION- MENT OF CORPORATE INCOME VIOLATE INTERNATIONAL TRADE RULES?

The authors suggest that single-sales-factor apportionment violates GATT. They say that U.S. trading partners might complain to the World Trade Organization that sales-only apportionment constitutes a prohibited export subsidy.
Infant Feeding Practices of Families Belonging to a Prepaid Group Practice Health Care Plan

A survey of the infant feeding practices of 270 families who belonged to a prepaid medical insurance program revealed extensive use of commercially prepared infant formulas during the first months of life, introduction of beikost before 3 months of age and introduction of cow milk into the diet at 3 to 5 months. Ethnic, as well as socioeconomic differences, were observed in the use of milks and formulas, timing of introduction of beikost, and method of feeding solid foods. Average calorie intakes approached or were greater than the recommended dietary allowances. With the exceptions of vitamin D and iron, most infants received much greater than the recommended intake of all nutrients examined. Average sodium intakes were well above advisable intakes. Many infants received supplements of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, and C in addition to adequate dietary intakes. Results of this survey indicate that many mothers look to pediatricians for advice on how to feed their infants and several findings indicate that nutrition education efforts directed toward pediatricians and parents must be more vigorous than they have been in the past.
Is the Selection of the Amortization Period for Goodwill a Strategic Choice

This study examines whether the choice of amortization life for purchased goodwill is predictive of the firm's post-acquisition earnings levels, given that shorter lives could lead to a dilution in earnings. Our findings support this interpretation. Further, consistent with Andrade (2001), we demonstrate a link between post-acquisition earnings changes and stock performance. These results suggest that the amortization life chosen is a reliable predictor of the success of the acquisition both in terms of earnings changes and future stock performance. These findings are relevant since the information concerning the life chosen was eliminated by the adoption of SFAS No. 142.
Heat‐Exchange Technology, Network Synthesis

Synthesis of heat-exchange (energy) networks has shown large economic rewards and the most promise for future universal use. The high cost of energy mandates carefully planned heat-exchange networks for economically and environmentally viable plants. The process of developing a good heat-exchange or energy network is most easily viewed as a multiple-tier optimization problem. Minimum life-time plant cost is the objective. The process includes minimizing capital and operating costs plus an emphasis on developing a robust design that includes the necessary flexibility and operability characteristics. Many of the calculations necessary for heat-exchange network design can be done by hand and need to be understood by every process engineer. Computational resources make it attractive for the average process designer to use a computer program to determine and evaluate alternative network configurations. Commercial heat-exchange network programs are available and these programs typically take the raw stream data available to the process engineer for the plant and calculate the limiting network conditions. Heat-exchange networks are concerned with just a portion of the total energy in a process plant. Ideally, a process plant should be examined for its total energy consumption. Keywords: Process design; Design scheme; Idealization; Limiting network conditions; Feasibility; Synthesis algorithms; Network optimization; Design practice; Energy networks; Separation networks
When worlds collide: culture clash: Corporate culture – illuminating the black hole

In this second cover story the author explores the pitfalls of not understanding the difference in corporate culture between merging parties. Highlights a number of examples of failure, and this compliments our first story perfectly.
Pulmonary lesions of newborn infants; a statistical study.

The results of a statistical analysis of the relation of various lesions in the lungs of newborn infants to each other, and to the age and sex of the babies, are presented. The pulmonary lesions studied were: atelectasis, emphysema, interstitial emphysema, hemorrhage, acute pneumonia, edema, presence of squamous cells in alveoli, hyaline membranes, and immaturity. Of 45 possible relations analyzed (e.g., atelectasis and hyaline membranes, immaturity and acute pneumonia, etc.), 14 gave results significantly different from those due to chance. Of particular note, in view of current opinion on the genesis of neonatal pulmonary hyaline membranes, was the failure to demonstrate a significant relation of pulmonary edema to any of the other pulmonary lesions studied.
The Consequences and Correction of Inflation in Personal Savings Estimates in Specific Future Time Frames

We examined the consequences of personal savings estimate inflation that occurs when decision makers provide savings estimates for specific future months when compared with the next month or the next year time frames, along with a method to attenuate this bias. The results of three experiments showed that the savings estimate inflation leads to significantly larger estimates of desired nest egg size (Experiment 1) and preference for riskier choices in other financial domains such as investment and employment decisions (Experiment 2). An attempt to attenuate this bias revealed that it is corrected when individuals provide a budgeting estimate prior to giving a savings estimate (Experiment 3). The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rights and Rules

Prior to recent decades, the United States Supreme Court often invoked the political question doctrine to avoid deciding controversial questions of individual rights. By the 1970s and 1980s, standing limits traced to Article III’s case-or-controversy language had replaced the political question doctrine as the favored justiciability device. Although both political question and standing doctrines remain tools in the Court’s arsenal of threshold decision making, in the last decade the Court has turned with increasing frequency to the distinction between facial and as-applied challenges to perform the gatekeeping function. However, although there is a considerable body of scholarship concerning the conventional justiciability doctrines, scholars have only recently begun to address the range of questions implicated by the Court’s approach to the relation between constitutional rights and challenged legal rules — and they have generally focused on narrow doctrinal questions about the proper treatment of discrete rights such as abortion, free exercise of religion, and freedom of speech. The papers in this issue of Legal Theory and the next view these issues in a broader jurisprudential context.