cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Salinity Effects on Early Life Stages of Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma

.— In South Carolina, studies have been conducted to develop rearing techniques for southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma a candidate for aquaculture development and stock enhancement programs. To help define environmental tolerances, a variety of salinity studies were conducted with the early life stages of this species. Eggs were buoyant at 32 ppt and sank at 29 ppt with salinities of 30–31 ppt providing varying levels of suspension in the water column. Eggs incubated at 0 and 5 ppt all died, whereas 82.5% hatched at 10 ppt but larvae died shortly thereafter. At 63 h post-fertilization, there were no differences in hatch level for eggs incubated at salinities of 15 to 35 ppt (mean hatch level 98.5%). In a 72-h study, fish 3 wk post-metamorphosis (13.7 mm TL, 50-d-old) were acclimated to seven salinities ranging from 0–30 ppt. Fish held at 0 ppt salinity exhibited a statistically (P < 0.05) lower survival (20.0%) than those exposed to 5–30 ppt salinity concentrations. No differences were detected in survival (mean 99.1%) among fish held in the higher salinities. A second study examined the tolerance of older juveniles to lower salinities. Juvenile flounder (95.2 mm TL, 220-d-old) were acclimated to 0, 1,5 and 10 ppt salinities and reared for 2 wk. Results showed that fish could tolerate salinities of 0–10 ppt (100% survival). These data indicate that salinity tolerance of southern flounder increases with age. In addition to the short duration studies, a replicated 11-mo duration tank grow-out study was conducted at mean salinity 5.4 ppt and mean temperahue 22.6 C with an all male population. Flounder grew from a mean length of 100 mm to 213 mm TL and weight from 8.9 to 104.3 g. Growth of the cultured fish approximated that observed among male flounders in the wild.
Muonic, pionic, and kaonic X-rays, atomic de-excitation and nuclear absorption in helium

Abstract New X-ray data from muon, pion and kaon capture in helium are consistent with available scattering measurements, with theoretically expected s-, p-, and d-state absorption rates, and with new atomic cascade calculations requiring Stark-induced sliding transitions to match observed yields.
The development of the insect nervous system. I. An analysis of postembryonic growth in the terminal ganglion of Acheta domesticus.

This study describes the post-embryonic growth of the terminal ganglion in Acheta domesticus in terms of volume and cell number. All measurements were made at the beginning of each instar from hatching until the final moult on animals reared under controlled conditions. The terminal ganglion increases about 40-fold in volume from 2 × 106 μ3 in the first instar to 85 × 106 μ3 in the adult. A double logarithmic plot of ganglion volume against body weight shows that the ganglion volume is a function of body weight to the 0.56 power. Initially the neuropile grows at a greater rate than the cortex; in later stages they increase at the same rate. Increase in cell number was determined from serial sections. The total number of cells, based on corrected nuclear counts, increases from 3,400 to 20,000. There is little or no increase in the number of neurons. There are approximately 2,000 association neurons and 100 motor neurons in all stages. The number of glial cells increase from 1,000 to 17,000. Their multiplication rate appears to be related to the increase in neuron volume. Despite the increase in glial cell number, increase in cell volume is primarily responsible for the increase in total volume of the ganglion.
Profiling the phonological abilities of 2-year-olds: a longitudinal investigation:

The purpose of this report is to profile the changes in phonological skills produced by a group of 12 children between the ages of 24 and 36 months. Conversational samples obtained from the subject...
A nonlinear zigzag theory for finite element analysis of highly shear-deformable laminated anisotropic shells

Abstract A hitherto unavailable highly accurate nonlinear finite element method (FEM)-based analysis technique for the prediction of large deformation response of highly shear-flexible arbitrarily laminated general shells of arbitrary geometry is presented. The nonlinear finite element utilizes the method of virtual work, and total Lagrangian (TL) formulation. It is based on the assumptions of transverse inextensibility, vanishing transverse normal strain, and layer-wise constant shear-angle theory (LCST), also known as the zigzag theory. The analysis includes fully nonlinear strain–displacement relations for the remaining five strain components. The components of displacements and stresses are computed using variable-node layer-elements of triangular plan-form.
Use of Antiplatelet Drugs After Cardiac Operations

Unfortunately, venous bypass grafts still have a prominent role in operative coronary revascularization (coronary artery bypass graft [CABG]). Venous grafts develop pathologically occlusive disease that limits the effectiveness of CABG, and antiplatelet drugs following operation may limit this problem. The types and indications of antiplatelet drugs following CABG generate some controversy in the recent literature. This review surveys relevant evidence about the use of antiplatelet drugs following CABG to identify the controversial issues, define appropriate questions, and attempt to provide evidence-based interventions that may be helpful in limiting graft occlusion after CABG. Evidence suggests that, in most CABG patients, dual antiplatelet drugs (aspirin and clopidogrel), given after operation, minimizes early (within 1 year) graft failure and improves intermediate-term outcomes, better than single antiplatelet therapy with aspirin alone. There are gaps in the knowledge base that supports this contention, and future clinical trials will likely augment or alter this recommendation.
Stimulation of murine tooth development in organotypic culture by the neurotransmitter serotonin

Abstract Scrotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) uptake sites are transiently expressed in craniofacial epithelia and mesenchyme, including the tooth germ, during mouse embryogenesis. Based on malformations and patterns of cell proliferation and death in cultured mouse embryos exposed to 5-HT uptake inhibitors, it has been hypothesized that 5-HT acts as a dose-dependent morphogenetic signal for craniofacial development. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 5-HT on tooth-germ formation in serum-free mandibular explant cultures prepared from embryonic day-13 (plug day = embryonic day-1) mouse embryos. In the absence of serum or a 5-HT supplement, tooth germs develop only to the bud stage in these cultures. When explants were cultured for 8 days in a defined medium supplemented with 5-HT, late bell-stage tooth germs were stimulated to develop in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was reversed by addition of the 5-HT uptake inhibitor fluoxetine. Anti-5-HT immunocytochemistry demonstrated specific uptake of 5-HT by developing tooth germ and mandibular epithelium, which could also be blocked by fluoxetine. These results suggest that 5-HT may regulate dental differentiation, and that intracellular uptake is required for this action.
Nursing intervention studies: a descriptive analysis of issues important to clinicians.

When reading a report of an intervention study, clinicians are interested in knowing: whether the intervention is effective, with whom it is effective, how much benefit it produces, and whether associated, adverse outcomes occur. Recommendations have been made in the research literature regarding how to conduct and report intervention studies so as to produce knowledge regarding these questions. This descriptive study was conducted to estimate the frequency with which these recommendations are being used in nursing intervention studies. Data pertinent to five research questions were extracted from 84 experimental and quasi-experimental study reports published between 1998 and 2000. Seventeen percent of the studies used a design that could statistically test for variation in intervention effect depending on the level of an individual characteristic. However, a test of interaction was actually conducted in only 8% of the studies. The magnitude of the intervention's effect was addressed in 38% of the study reports. Providing the proportion of persons in the intervention group who attained a discrete outcome was the most frequently used way of showing intervention magnitude. Associated, adverse outcomes were examined in 23% of the studies, and were most often measured as continuous variables. The low level of use of recommended methods leads the author to suggest dialogue between clinicians and researchers to determine if intervention studies are being conducted and reported in ways that produce knowledge that is useful to clinicians.
Double layers and plasma-wave resistivity in extragalactic jets - Cavity formation and radio-wave emission

For estimated values of the currents carried by extragalactic jets, current-driven electrostatic-wave- and electromagnetic-wave-produced resistivities do not occur. Strong plasma double layers, however, may exist within self-maintained density cavities, the relativistic double-layer-emitted electron, and ion beams driving plasma-wave resistivities in the low- and high-potential plasma adjacent to the double layers. The double-layer-emitted electron beams may also emit polarized radio waves via a collective bremsstrahlung process mediated by electrostatic two-stream instabilities.
Kinetics of the inflammatory response following intramuscular injection of aluminum adjuvant.

Aluminum-containing adjuvants are widely used in human and veterinary vaccines, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. Recent evidence suggests an important role for inflammation in the immune response to aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines. To better understand this process, vaccines with aluminum adjuvant were injected into naive or previously immunized mice and the injection sites were characterized for the corresponding primary and secondary inflammatory response at different time points after immunization. Inflammatory cells appeared at the injection site between 2 h and 6 h after vaccination, dominated by neutrophils at first, followed by macrophages, and later eosinophils and MHCII+ cells. The number of cells at the injection site increased over time, except neutrophils, which decreased in number after day 2. There was extensive phagocytosis of aluminum adjuvant particles by macrophages. In secondary immunized mice, a faster and more robust recruitment of eosinophils, macrophages, and antigen presenting cells was observed at the injection site. The enhanced recruitment of inflammatory cells in previously immunized mice coincided with increased expression of relevant chemokines at the injection site. Since neutrophils accumulated first in response to aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines, their role was evaluated by depleting them prior to vaccination. Neutrophil depletion transiently reduced the recruitment of macrophages but it did not change the recruitment of eosinophils and MHCII+ cells or the quality and magnitude of the antibody response.
Plans, Code Enforcement, and Damage Reduction: Evidence from the Northridge Earthquake:

Abstract The State of California requires local governments to pay attention to seismic safety in formulating general plans for urban development and in permitting and inspecting new construction a...
Photovoltaic Hg 1-x Cd x Te Technology For Elevated Temperature Focal Planes

Recent advances in Hgl-xCdxTe photodiode technology have resulted in increased detector sensitivity at elevated temperatures over the spectral region from 1-20 μm. Short wavelength photodiodes sensitive to 1-3 pm radiation have room temperature peak detectivities, Dλ, between 4 x 1011 and 8 x 108 cm Hz1/2/W, dependent on peak wavelength, A. Medium wavip 2length photodiodes sensitive to 3-5 im radiation have peak detectivities of 1 x 1011 and 1 x 1012 cm Hz1//W at temperatures of 193 K and 130 K, respectively. Long wavelength photodiodes sensitive to 12 μm radiation have peak detectivities of 5 x 1010 cm Hz /W at 65 K, and 5 x 1011 cm Hz ½/W at 10 K.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A tissue-specific endothelial cell molecule involved in lymphocyte homing

An endothelial cell surface molecule that is selectively expressed in mucosal organs is required for lymphocyte homing to mucosal lymphoid tissues. This 'vascular addressin' appears to function as a tissue-specific marker or address signal for recognition by lymphocytes circulating in the blood.
Synthesis and reactivity of cationic palladium phosphine carboxylate complexes

Simple routes to two new types of mononuclear cationic palladium phosphine acetate complexes featuring κ1- or κ2-carboxylates have been developed, and the resulting materials have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In acetonitrile the complex [(iPr3P)2Pd(κ2O,O‘-OAc)]+ leads not to the independently prepared trans-[(iPr3P)2Pd(MeCN)(OAc)]+ but to reversible cyclometalation to form [(iPr3P)(MeCN)Pd(κ2C,P-C(Me)2PiPr2)]+.
Part identification using robust feature extraction and pattern classification

The approach presented in this work combines the high-speed nature of pixel-based processing with a standard feature-based classifier to obtain a fast, robust identification algorithm for artillery ammunition. The algorithm uses the Sobel kernel to estimate the vertical intensity gradient of an electronic image of a projectile's circumference. This operation is followed with a directed Hough transform at a theta of 0 degrees, resulting in a one-dimensional vector representing the magnitude and location of horizontal attributes. This sequence of operations generates a compact description of the attributes of interest which can be computed at high speed, has no threshold-based parameters, and is robust to degraded images. In the classification stage a fixed-length feature vector is generated by sampling the Hough vector at the spatial locations included in the union of attribute locations from each possible projectile type. The advantages of generating a feature set in this manner are that no high-level algorithms are necessary to detect the spatial location of attributes and the feature vector is compact. Features generated using this method have been used with a Mahalanobis distance, nearest mean classifier for the successful demonstration of a proof-of-concept system that automatically identifies 155 mm projectiles.
Automated estimation of relative fundamental frequency

Relative fundamental frequency (RFF), defined as the normalized fundamental frequencies of vowels surrounding voiceless consonants, has been shown to have a characteristic pattern in healthy voices that differs from those with disordered voices (e.g. vocal hyperfunction, Parkinson's disease). However no large-scale clinical study has been performed, mainly because the current estimation protocol requires trained technicians to manually perform this time-consuming task. In this study, we developed a method to automate RFF estimation and tested the algorithm on recordings from 12 healthy participants and 12 participants with Parkinson's disease. The means and variations of RFFs estimated using the automation algorithm were similar to the `gold standard' estimates developed by two trained technicians. The mean squared error for the automated estimates, when compared to the `gold standard' RFF estimates, were similar to those estimated manually by an additional trained technician. Future work will focus on improving vocal cycle detection and extending the automation to estimate RFF from instances in running speech.
Target molecular therapies: methods to enhance and monitor tumor drug delivery.

Noninvasive monitoring/quantification of drug delivery to tumors is an ideal goal of chemotherapy treatment. However, the ability to overcome the barriers to the developing of targeted therapies—along with the physiological barriers that the tumor presents—is still needed. Recent advances demonstrate that targeted therapies can be used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The most mature of these technologies are liposomes that encapsulate a therapeutic drug in conjunction with a contrast agent. Through selective manipulation of the liposome composition, modification of the tumor microphysiology, and temporal sequencing of liposome administration with tumor microphysiology modification improvement in efficacy can be achieved. The future application of these targeted therapies will allow the radiologist to become a more central member of the cancer treatment team, further expanding the field and the radiologist’s unique skills.
A model for medium-term operations planning in an intermodal rail-truck service

Abstract This paper describes a model developed for medium-term operations planning in an intermodal rail-truck system. It was motivated by the need to redesign such systems to produce 1. (1) more reliable service, 2. (2) multiple service classes, and 3. (3) better equipment and facility utilization. The model is an integer linear program, which is computationally difficult to solve. A heuristic procedure was developed which provides excellent solutions, generally within 1% of the known optimal solution to the relaxed (non-integer) problem. Thus the model and heuristic could be used on large networks. Uses of the model and possible extensions are briefly discussed.
Ion correlations in nanofluidic channels: effects of ion size, valence, and concentration on voltage- and pressure-driven currents.

The effects of ion–ion and ion–wall correlations in nanochannels are explored, specifically how they influence voltage- and pressure-driven currents and pressure-to-voltage energy conversion. Cations of different diameters (0.15, 0.3, and 0.9 nm) and different valences (+1, +2, and +3) at concentrations ranging from 10–6 M to 1 M are considered in 50-nm- and 100-nm-wide nanoslits with wall surface charges ranging from 0 C/m2 to −0.3 C/m2. These parameters are typical of nanofluidic devices. Ion correlations have significant effects on device properties over large parts of this parameter space. These effects are the result of ion layering (oscillatory concentration profiles) for large monovalent cations and charge inversion (more cations in the first layer near the wall than necessary to neutralize the surface charge) for the multivalent cations. The ions were modeled as charged, hard spheres using density functional theory of fluids, and current was computed with the Navier–Stokes equations with two diffe...
Regional behavior change detection via local spatial scan

Regional human behavior change refers to the scenarios that people in a certain area exhibit significant behavior deviation from their neighbors and their own past. This regional pattern usually reveals underlying changes of living environment, such as regional development, immigration, disease breakout; or uncovers demographic information from special events, for instance, start/end of school holidays, or religious holidays. Statistically significant behavior changes contain both temporal and spatial characteristics. In this paper, we propose local spatial scan statistic to identify regional behavior changes. To accelerate local search, spatial index is modified to provide data-driven clusters and scalable data access. Base on the restricted spatial index, we provide both exact and approximated approaches to compute local spatial scan. Simulation analysis and case studies on water bills of 15K households validated the efficiency and effectiveness of these approaches on identifying regional behavior changes.
PolyBot and PolyKinetic/spl trade/ System: a modular robotic platform for education

Modular robotics has been an active area of research for the last decade. In this paper, we argue that it also provides an excellent platform for education. PolyBot is a type of modular reconfigurable robot developed at PARC. The PolyKinetic/spl trade/ System provides a robotic scripting language and programming environment for controlling this type of robot. Based on experience with mentoring high school students, and running a tutorial for robotic researchers at IROS'03, we show that, PolyBot and the PolyKinetic/spl trade/ System is effective for educational activities at multiple levels. These include playing, exploring, building, programming, competing, and most of all, learning while having fun.
Adiabatic quantum computation with Rydberg-dressed atoms

We study an architecture for implementing adiabatic quantum computation with trapped neutral atoms. Ground-state atoms are dressed by laser fields in a manner conditional on the Rydberg blockade mechanism, thereby providing the requisite entangling interactions. As a benchmark, we study the performance of quantum annealing to the ground state of an Ising spin lattice. We model a proof-of-principle experiment in a realistic architecture, including details of the atomic implementation, with qubits encoded in the clock states of ${}^{133}$Cs. Numerical simulation yields fidelities g0.98 for up to four qubits, and implementations of 10--20 qubits are within the range of current technology.
I Screen, You Screen, We All Screen for Phenolics

Grapes, and their processed products such as juices and preserves, contain considerable amounts of chemicals generally referred to as phenolic compounds. These phenolic compounds are primarily char...
The process of bringing dark data to light: The rescue of the early Nimbus satellite data

Abstract Myriad environmental satellite missions are currently orbiting the earth. The comprehensive monitoring by these sensors provide scientists, policymakers, and the public critical information on the earth’s weather and climate system. The state of the art technology of our satellite monitoring system is the legacy of the first environment satellites, the Nimbus systems launched by NASA in the mid-1960s. Such early data can extend our climate record and provide important context in longer-term climate changes. However, the data was stowed away and, over the years, largely forgotten. It was nearly lost before its value was recognized and attempts to recover the data were undertaken. This paper covers what it took the authors to recover, navigate and reprocess the data into modern formats so that it could be used as a part of the satellite climate record. The procedures to recover the Nimbus data, from both film and tape, could be used by other data rescue projects, however the algorithms presented will tend to be Nimbus specific. Data rescue projects are often both difficult and time consuming but the data they bring back to the science community makes these efforts worthwhile.
Optical, spin-resonance, and magnetoresistance studies of /tetrathiatetracene/2/iodide/3 - The nature of the ground state

A recent investigation in which Isett and Perez-Albuerne (1977) found that (tetrathiatetracene)2(iodine)3 is a stable organic metal down to 3.3 K is of considerable interest. In view of the diversity of suggestions made regarding this compound, measurements, were made of its electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. The results obtained indicate a metallic state at high temperatures, but also support a nonmetallic state at temperatures below 30 K. At 20-30 K, a metal-to-insulator phase transition occurs. This is indicated by the onset of a large and positive magnetoresistance, the leveling off in the temperature dependence of the ESR linewidth, and by recent derivative analysis of the electrical conductivity in this region. The investigated compound represents an interesting one-dimensional electronic system in which it may be possible to study the combined effects of disorder and interchain coupling on charge transport processes.
Uptake of carbonyl sulfide by silver nitrate impregnated filters: Implications for the measurement of low level atmospheric H2S

Measurements of atmospheric hydrogen sulfide are often made by first collecting H2S on a paper filter impregnated with silver nitrate. Using this technique on a recent shipboard study, we observed anomalous breakthrough characteristics of sulfide, which caused us to suspect the presence of an artifact. We have investigated the interaction of various sulfur species with these filters as precursors for the artifact sulfide. Laboratory experiments indicate that OCS generates sulfide on the filters with an efficiency of 1-2% under conditions comparable to those used for field sampling in the marine boundary layer. The magnitude of the artifact increases with increasing temperature and is insensitive to humidity and insolation. It appears likely that OCS is responsible for our shipboard results. Since much of the data on H2S concentrations in marine air have been obtained with this technique, they are most likely in error, producing overestimates of background H2S concentrations.
Polymorphism of saturated triglycerides: II. 1,3-dipalmito triglycerides

Differential scanning calorimetry was used to examine triglycerides of the 16-N-16 series, whereN is an even-carbon, saturated fatty acid of 2 to 18 carbons in length. The procedures used to obtain heats of fusion and crystallization of the various triglycerides and their polymorphs are described. Small samples (ca. 1-2 mg) were used to investigate polymorphs with relatively rapid rats of conversion, but more accurate calorimetric data were obtained with larger samples. Capillary melting points were also obtained for the various triglycerides and their polymorphs. Calorimetric and melting point data are given.
The neural organization of the first optic ganglion of the principal eyes of jumping spiders (Salticidae)

The first optic ganglion (FOG) of the principal eyes of jumping spider has been studied by both light and electron microscopy. Each FOG receives projections from the ipsilateral principal eye in a compact optic nerve. Some of the retinal axons, as they pass to the ganglion, cross in a chiasm within the optic nerve. The FOG is composed of a rind of nerve cell bodies which are unipolar cells giving rise anteriorly to second order nerve fibers in the central neuropile of the ganglion and posteriorly to processes which pass into the second optic ganglion. The neuropil is composed of neural and glial processes and of scattered glial cell bodies and it can be divided into a terminal zone and a fibrous zone. The terminal zone is the site of termination for all of the retinal axons. A unique feature of the retinal axon terminals is the presence of numerous fine post-terminal processes extending away from the main portion of the retinal terminal. The fibrous zone is composed of second order nerve fibers with terminals in the terminal zone and it is continuous with a connective between the FOG and the second optic ganglion called the chiasm where the majority of the second order fibers cross. All of the synapses in the FOG are modified ribbon synapses and occur in the terminal zone within ensheathed synaptic glomeruli as dyads or triads. Large retinal terminals containing pleomorphic vesicles are presynaptic to smaller second order terminals containing spherical vesicles. Second order terminals are also presynaptic to retinal terminals in addition to forming serial-like synapses with each other.
Future trends in hard disk drives

Magnetic hard disk drives have significantly improved in size, performance and cost due to many technological innovations; including magnetoresistive heads, low noise thin film disks, PRML channels and advanced mechanical actuators and motors. By analyzing specification trends of each new disk drive design, a perspective of this evolution can be developed and design characteristics of future disk drives can be estimated.
Introducing consumer heterogeneity in dynamic games with multi-product firms and differentiated product demand

This paper extends a discrete-choice model of differentiated product demand to consider consumer heterogeneity in dynamic games. Our approach applies to games involving both multi-product firms and static price competition.
Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models with Collateral Information as Poisson Regression Models

Multiple choice items on tests and Likert items on surveys are ubiquitous in educational, social and behavioral science research; however, methods for analyzing of such data can be problematic. Multidimensional item response theory models are proposed that yield structured Poisson regression models for the joint distribution of responses to items. The methodology presented here extends the approach described in Anderson, Verkuilen, and Peyton (2010) that used fully conditionally specified multinomial logistic regression models as item response functions. In this paper, covariates are added as predictors of the latent variables along with covariates as predictors of location parameters. Furthermore, the models presented here incorporate ordinal information of the response options thus allowing an empirical examination of assumptions regarding the ordering and the estimation of optimal scoring of the response options. To illustrate the methodology and flexibility of the models, data from a study on aggression in middle school (Espelage, Holt, and Henkel 2004) is analyzed. The models are fit to data using SAS.
Assessment of the Refined Aging Semantic Differential: Recommendations for Enhancing Validity

The Aging Semantic Differential (ASD) by Rosencranz and McNevin (1969) is the most widely used instrument in gerontological and geriatric education to assess the stereotypic attitudes young people have toward older adults. Polizzi (2003) updated the ASD with current adjectives and reduced the instrument to a single latent factor, attitude. We examine the validity of this major instrument and describe the strengths and shortcomings. The instrument was administered to 199 medical students that participated in a national pilot project, Vital Visionaries, funded by National Institute on Aging. Confirmatory factory analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. Qualitative data captured stereotypic attitudes young people have toward older adults. SEM indexes suggest that a one-factor structure has poor fit. Qualitative analyses suggest medical students hold multiple dimensions of stereotypic attitudes toward older adults. We suggest that the latent factor, attitude, can be assessed with fewer observed items, thereby creating room for the additional latent factors. The resulting instrument could be just as short, but offer a more comprehensive assessment of young people's stereotypic attitudes toward older adults.
The effects of organizational level on perceptions of role conflict resolution strategy

Abstract It was hypothesized that discrepant ratings of leadership effectiveness from organizational levels above and below the first-line supervisory were a function of discrepant perceptions of critical supervisory behavior. Results showed perceptions of role conflict resolution strategies were a function of organizational level and conflict type.
A cognitive robotics approach to comprehending human language and behaviors

The ADAPT project is a collaboration of researchers in linguistics, robotics and artificial intelligence at three universities. We are building a complete robotic cognitive architecture for a mobile robot designed to interact with humans in a range of environments, and which uses natural language and models human behavior. This paper concentrates on the HRI aspects of ADAPT, and especially on how ADAPT models and interacts with humans.
Estimates of Quantitative Genetic Parameters of Immunological Traits in the Chicken

Abstract Three in vivo assays were used to measure the immunocompetence of chickens in two generations of a selection experiment. The obtained data were used to estimate the variance components for sire and dam for antibody production to Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccines, for T-cell–mediated immunity evaluated by a phytohemagglutinin wing web assay, and for clearance of foreign particles from the circulatory system. Heritabilities of and genetic correlations among these immunological traits were calculated from the sire variance components. Heritability estimates of the immunological traits based on the sire component of variance ranged from .06 to .53, and genetic correlations among immunological traits were generally negative.
NEW ENDOLITHIC CYANOBACTERIA FROM THE ARABIAN GULF. I. HYELLA IMMANIS SP. NOV.1

Hyella immanis, a new species of endolithic cyanobacterium that penetrates carbonate ooid sand grains in the Arabian/Persian Gulf, is formally described. Natural populations of the new taxon were sampled in moving ooid shoals at four locations along the east coast of Saudi Arabia, together with seven other endolithic taxa. The new species was isolated, and its properties were studied under experimental conditions. Small reproductive cells (baeocytes) exhibited positively phototactic gliding motility following release. In culture they grew into colonies forming isodiametric packages (prevalent on agar) and distinct pseudofilaments (prevalent in liquid culture). Carbonate penetration of the cultured strain in liquid culture proceeded at a rate of up to 10 μ· d−1. Agitation of cultures with magnetic stirrers enhanced the frequency of borings and the initial boring rates, but it had no effect on the continuing boring activity. A fossil counterpart of the new species was identified in Upper Proterozoic (700–800 million years old) silicified oolitic and pisolitic rocks of East Greenland.
Invasive cervical cancers from women living in the United States or Botswana: differences in human papillomavirus type distribution

Background Cervical cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in women living in Botswana.
Parallel Synthesis and Screening of a Solid Phase Carbohydrate Library

A solid phase carbohydrate library was synthesized and screened against Bauhinia purpurea lectin. The library, which contains approximately 1300 di- and trisaccharides, was synthesized with chemical encoding on TentaGel resin so that each bead contained a single carbohydrate. Two ligands that bind more tightly to the lectin than Gal-β-1,3-GalNAc (the known ligand) have been identified. The strategy outlined can be used to identify carbohydrate-based ligands for any receptor; however, because the derivatized beads mimic the polyvalent presentation of cell surface carbohydrates, the screen may prove especially valuable for discovering new compounds that bind to proteins participating in cell adhesion.
Place, space, and health: GIS and epidemiology.

Place. Area. Neighborhood. Latitude. Longitude. Distance. These geographic terms are increasingly finding their way into the epidemiologic literature, as advances in geographic information system (GIS) technology make it ever easier to connect spatially referenced physical and social phenomena to population patterns of health, disease, and well-being.1-3 Indeed, links between location and health have long captured the imagination of perceptive observers. Consider the Hippocratic treatise, “Airs, Waters, and Places,” written about 2,400 years ago, which roundly (and rather deterministically) declared: “You will find, as a general rule, that the constitutions and habits of a people follows the nature of the land where they live.”4, p. 168 Early 19th century research decisive to epidemiology’s development as a discipline5 likewise looked to geography to discern etiologic clues.
Empathic emotions and justice in society

Empathy is defined as an affect more appropriate to another's situation than to one's own. The paper (i) summarizes different modes of empathic affect arousal; (ii) shows how empathic affect may interact with social-cognitive development, to produce four levels of empathy development; (iii) suggests that causal attributions may transform empathic affect into sympathy, guilt, and empathic anger, which are major moral affects; (iv) discusses how these affects may influence moral judgment and behavior; (v) points up empathic morality's limitations and the need to embed empathy in relevant moral principles; (vi) discusses possible links between empathy and justice principles, with special focus on Rawls; (vii) illustrates the interplay of empathy, moral judgment, and justice; and (viii) suggests that moral principles may become “hot cognitions.”
Intimate Adult Relationships, Quality of Life and Psychological Adjusment

The purpose of this study was to assess relations between adult intimacy, quality of life, and psychological adjustment. Data were collected in the United States from a sample of 64 college students. The measuring instrumentsused were Personal Information Sheet, Adult version of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Adult PAQ), Intimate Partner Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire (IPAR/CQ), and Life Descriptive Scale (LDS). Results revealed significant positive correlations between intimate adult relationships, the quality of life and psychological adjustment. Results also revealed significant independent influences of intimate adult relationships and the quality of life of the respondents on their psychological adjustment.
The Political and Moral Economy of Aging: Not Such Strange Bedfellows

The authors develop E. P. Thompson's concept of moral economy as a useful complement to contemporary political economic analysis in problem areas involving moral conflict. Defined as the shared assumptions underlying norms of reciprocity in which an economic system is grounded, moral economy is seen as holding particular relevance for the study of aging. The evolution of pension systems, the “senior revolt” against catastrophic coverage in the United States, and debates over the allocation of health resources between generations are used to illustrate the utility of a combined political and moral economy for enriching our understanding in these areas. Marx's concept of a “morality of emancipation” is described as holding particular promise for the development of a new moral economy of old age that would move beyond alienation by giving broad attention to quality of life issues at each stage of the life course.
Multi-function multi-GHz ATE extension using state-of-the-art FPGAs

This paper presents a multi-function multi-GHz test module designed to enhance the performance capabilities of automatic test equipment (ATE). The test module is designed with a core logic block consisting of a high-performance FPGA. It also contains an application specific logic block that is designed to perform multiple functions not possible with the FPGA alone. We demonstrate five applications: high-speed signal multiplexing up to 16Gbps, loopback testing, jitter injection, amplitude adjustment, and timing adjustment. The loopback path allows testing up to 9.28Gbps. Digital timing adjustment up to 10ns in 10ps increments, and fine adjustment up to 61ps is shown. Jitter injection up to 81ps (p-p) and amplitude adjustment over a range of 600mV are demonstrated. The core logic block itself has capabilities to generate 10Gbps output signals with 38ps (p-p, BER = 2×10−5) jitter. The test module is designed to be compatible with existing ATE infrastructure; connecting to the device under test (DUT) via a device interface board (DIB). A bypass option allows signals from the ATE to pass through to the DUT, permitting use of traditional ATE functions.
RANDOMISED TRIAL OF FISH OIL FOR PREVENTION OF RESTENOSIS AFTER CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY

To examine the potential role of fish oil supplementation in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty (PTCA), a randomised double-blind trial was conducted in 204 patients. The treatment group received 6 g/day of n-3 fatty acids, beginning 5.4 (SD 3.2) days before PTCA, and continuing for 6 months; the control group received olive oil placebo. Compliance was assessed by pill count and plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Restenosis was identified by symptoms and exercise testing and confirmed by angiography. PTCA was successful in 186 patients (93%). The incidence of angiographic restenosis was 34% in the fish oil group and 23% in the control group (relative risk 1.7, 95% CI 0.9-3.4). The lack of benefit of fish oil was not influenced by length of pretreatment, compliance with study medication, or the concentrations of plasma EPA achieved.
Kinetic theory of electrical conductivity in plasmas

A recently developed quantum kinetic theory for time-correlation functions is applied to the calculation of the electrical conductivity in dense, strongly coupled plasmas. In the weak-collision limit the theory generalizes the Ziman expression to finite temperatures while, for strong collisions, it generalizes the result of Gould and of Williams and DeWitt to include strong ion coupling. Numerical results which compare the effects that strong ion coupling, bound (core) electrons, and strong collisions have upon the collision frequency are also presented.
Metrics for End-to-End Monitoring and Management of Enterprise Systems

Within an enterprise system, there exist many specific service-based metrics that apply to end-to-end monitoring and management of information. To assist network operators and service providers in understanding end user issues, it is helpful to group related service-based metrics together into larger metric categories. This paper addresses the lack of consistent and meaningful metric terminology for network operations personnel who manage enterprise systems running multiple protocols over a diverse set of multi-technology components that must implement distributed applications methodologies in a network centric (net-centric) environment. This paper establishes metrics categories into which the information collected during the monitoring activities may be grouped, and it defines and rationalizes these categories. Examples are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of this categorization for enterprise systems.
Viscerally Induced Cutaneous Vasospasm

Superficial vasomotor tone in the forearm has been thought to be dependent mostly on vasodilatation rather than vasoconstriction. Despite this view we report now that a mechanism for profound vasoconstriction exists in the forearm surface. This phenomenon was observed in normal subjects undergoing elective radial artery catheterization and the stimulus for the vasoconstriction consisted of the intra-arterial infusion of normal saline (rate of 0.5 - 6.0 ml/min). Two components to this reaction were observed. A stable pericatheter zone of pallor varied in extent proportional to the rate of infusion. The second component consisted of distal patches of vasoconstriction over the whole anterior forearm surface which first appeared 5 to 10 seconds after the infusion rate was increased. These satellite areas tended to coalesce with sustained infusion but they were unstable over time. Local changes in vascular intrinsic regulation can account for the pericatheter vasoconstriction but this does not readily explain the observed distal changes. The time latency, distribution and evolution of the distal vasoconstriction suggests the operation of an autonomic vasomotor reflex arc.
Perspectives of High-Achieving Women on Teaching

High-achieving women are significantly less likely to enter the teaching profession than they were just 40 years ago. Why? While the social and economic reasons for this decline have been well documented in the literature, what is lacking is a discussion with high-achieving women, as they make their first career decisions, about their perceptions of teaching and what makes it more or less desirable than other professions. This study explored what they are looking for in a career, their views on teaching, and the sources that have influenced those beliefs with the goal of identifying approaches to reversing the current trend.
Invariant imbedding in engineering design

Abstract The invariant imbedding concept is shown to be a useful tool for avoiding certain computational difficulties in engineering design. By avoiding these difficulties, the original design problem can be solved in a fairly straightforward fashion. The use of solution oriented design can be avoided. Various examples are given to show the effectiveness of this approach.
Response of collared lemmings to melatonin: I. Implants and photoperiod

Nagy TR, Gower BA, Stetson MH. Response of collared lemmings to melatonin: I. Implants and photoperiod. J. Pineal Res. 1994:17:177–184. Abstract We examined the effect of constant-release melatonin capsules on the physiology and morphology of female collared lemmings exposed to either chronic long (22L:2D) or short (8L:16D) photoperiod, or to a change in photoperiod. When animals were maintained on unchanging long or short photoperiod, subcutaneous melatonin implants were without effect. However, when animals were reared on either 22L:2D or 8L:16D and transferred to the alternate photoperiod at weaning, melatonin (implanted at weaning) prevented most photoperiod-related responses. At sacrifice (after 8 weeks of treatment), melatonin-implanted animals exposed to a change in photoperiod did not differ from animals remaining in the original photoperiod with respect to pelage color, bifid claw size, uterine mass, or serum prolactin (PRL). In contrast, regardless of treatment, animals exposed to a photoperiod transfer developed a body mass that partially or fully reflected that characteristic of the secondary photoperiod; i. e., both control- and melatonin-implanted animals transferred from long to short photoperiod developed a large body mass. These results indicate that masking the endogenous melatonin rhythm via constant-release melatonin implants renders collared lemmings unable to respond to a change in photoperiod with respect to most physiological parameters. However, the striking seasonal change in body mass experienced by collared lemmings appears to be at least partially independent of a melatonin signal.
Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion at Both 20°C and 30°C Recovers Ischemic Rat Livers for Successful Transplantation

Background Utilizing livers from donors after cardiac death could significantly expand the donor pool. We have previously shown that normothermic (37°C) extracorporeal liver perfusion significantly improves transplantation outcomes of ischemic rat livers. Here we investigate whether recovery of ischemic livers is possible using sub-normothermic machine perfusion at 20°C and 30°C. Methods Livers from male Lewis rats were divided into five groups after 1 h of warm ischemia (WI): (1) WI only, (2) 5 h of static cold storage (SCS), or 5 h of MP at (3) 20°C, (4) 30°C, and (5) 37°C. Long-term graft performance was evaluated for 28 d post-transplantation. Acute graft performance was evaluated during a 2 h normothermic sanguineous reperfusion ex vivo . Fresh livers with 5 h of SCS were positive transplant controls while fresh livers were positive reperfusion controls. Results Following machine perfusion (MP) (Groups 3, 4, and 5), ischemically damaged livers could be orthotopically transplanted into syngeneic recipients with 100% survival (N ≥ 4) after 4 wk. On the other hand, animals from WI only, or WI + SCS groups all died within 24 h of transplantation. Fresh livers preserved using SCS had the highest alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the lowest bile production during reperfusion, while at 28 d post-transplantation, livers preserved at 20°C and 30°C had the highest total bilirubin values. Conclusions MP at both 20°C and 30°C eliminated temperature control in perfusion systems and recovered ischemically damaged rat livers. Postoperatively, low transaminases suggest a beneficial effect of sub-normothermic perfusion, while rising total bilirubin levels suggest inadequate prevention of ischemia- or hypothermia-induced biliary damage.