cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Process Model Verification for Dopant Segregation and Oxidation Enhanced Diffusion

This paper describes a case study of semiconductor process modeling verification which has been implemented in the silicon processing course within the Microelectronic Engineering Department at the Rochester Institute of Technology. The study focuses on fully-coupled modeling and fabrication of ion implanted profiles that are annealed in a steam ambient, causing oxidation enhanced diffusion. Silvaco's Athena process simulation software is used. Processing steps were carried out in RIT's Semiconductor & Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory. Significant improvement in simulation accuracy was obtained by creation of a new set of "default" model parameters.
Chronic Illness Intrusion: Role Impairment and Time Out of Role in Racially and Ethnically Diverse Older Adults

Purpose of the study: Little is known about the effects of chronic illness on social role participation among racially and ethnically diverse older adults. This study was undertaken to better understand disruptions in role among African American, black Caribbean, white, Latino, and Asian older adults with arthritis, heart disease, or diabetes. Design and methods: This study consisted of a crosssectional secondary data analysis of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. Role disruption was operationalized using time out of role and role impairment in the past 30 days. Data from participants aged 65 and older were used in negative binomial regression analyses. Results: Overall, prevalence of role impairment occurred more often than time out of role. Race and ethnicity were not associated with time out of role, but they were for role impairment. Whites experienced more role impairment than any other racial or ethnic group. Within-group analyses identified that chronic illness, role participation, and socioeconomic factors are related in different ways depending on race or ethnicity. It appears that for some racially and ethnically diverse older adults, higher income and education are protective against role disruption. Implications: Race and ethnicity are factors in how the social roles of older adults are affected by chronic illness, and it appears that role disruption varies with type of illness. Interventions to support older adults with chronic illness should take into account the cultural factors related to role disruption.
Essential Role for Cyclic AMP and Its Receptor Protein in Yersinia enterocolitica Virulence

Insertion mutations were isolated in cya and crp of Yersinia enterocolitica, which encode adenylate cyclase and the cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP). The cya and crp mutants were affected for the production of proteins exported by the Ysc, Ysa, and flagellar type III secretion systems (TTSS). Protein production by each TTSS was restored when the respective mutation was complemented by a plasmid-encoded copy of the wild-type gene. Both cya and crp mutants exhibited reduced virulence for orally infected BALB/c mice in a 50% lethal dose analysis. Examination of bacterial survival in host tissues showed that cya and crp mutants colonized Peyer's patches and, to a lesser extent, mesenteric lymph nodes. However, the mutants did not appear to disseminate to the liver and spleen of infected mice. An initial examination of the effectiveness of Y. enterocolitica cya and crp mutants to stimulate protective immunity against subsequent challenge with virulent bacteria in mice was promising. The results indicate that the cAMP-CRP regulatory system is required for Y. enterocolitica virulence.
Analysis of Variance

Thek-sample methods discussed in Chapter 15 are of the nonparametric variety. As has been our custom, we now indicate how the classical normal-theory approach formulates and solves the problem for which in Chapter 15 we proposed the Kruskal—Wallis test. Of necessity, the treatment is relatively short and concise and is merely intended to give the reader a brief introduction to a large body of statistical techniques often characterized by the term analysis of variance.
The culture of accountability.

RECENTLY, A POSTANESTHESIA care unit (PACU) manager was advocating for staff during a difficult crucial conversation. The manager offered to continue a phone conversation with an MD as it was evident that an argument was brewing. The staff nurse kept steady and calm and did not hang up until the manager could assist her. A hospitalist was actively resisting ownership of medical direction for care provision in PACU. It was ‘‘one of those days,’’ with multiple intensive care unit (ICU) patients boarding in the room. Some patients were covered by the Anesthesia Department, some by the Department of Surgery, and others by intensivists. However, some patients were ‘‘in limbo,’’ not actually medically covered by anyone, as they had been displaced from the ICU to the PACU out of an urgent need for critical care beds. It was unacceptable to have an ICU patient—one might say, a ‘‘bumped’’ patient, from ICU to PACU with no medical ownership or direction for care. So, the conversation was as follows:
A novel trajectory tracking methodology using structured adaptive model inversion for uninhabited aerial vehicles

Structured adaptive model inversion is used for designing adaptive flight control laws to track a target reference trajectory for autonomous UAVs. The mathematical model of the plant is refined by incorporating the known structured kinematic nonlinearities arising out of the gyroscopic coupling and the Coriolis terms thereby rendering the plant to have an "almost" exact nonlinear structure. For the aircraft problem, this presents us a model uncertain only in the aerodynamics and propulsive influences. The uncertain parameters are continuously estimated using an adaptation law. The control law presented realizes prescribed linear tracking error dynamics in the kinematic state vector. The overall closed loop dynamics is nonlinear. The controller designed using SAMI enforces the desired kinematic state error dynamics and guarantees tracking stability in the presence of model errors and unknown external disturbances. We show that the closed loop system is globally stable, although no claim can be made with regards to convergence of the adaptation parameters, as usual for controllers of this class.
Effect of Prior Cancer on Outcomes in Advanced Lung Cancer: Implications for Clinical Trial Eligibility and Accrual

Fewer than 5% of adults with cancer in the United States participate in clinical trials (1–4). Low accrual rates prolong study duration, limit generalizability, lead to premature study termination, limit the number of patients exposed to potentially beneficial experimental therapies, and leave important clinical questions unanswered (5,6). Barriers to clinical trial accrual include patient, clinician, trial, and system factors (1,3,7–15). Among these, clinical trial eligibility criteria present a major barrier to study enrollment and represent one of the few accrual factors directly controlled by investigators and sponsors (6,13,1 16–19). In cancer clinical trials, a history of prior cancer is a common exclusion criterion. For example, over 80% of lung cancer trials sponsored or endorsed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) exclude prior malignancy (20). Across trials, this restriction is variably defined, but is most commonly applied to patients with a prior cancer diagnosed within five years of the current cancer. For this reason alone, it is estimated that up to 18% of lung cancer patients are excluded from clinical trials (20). Given the near four-fold increase in the number of US cancer survivors over the past 30 years (21), the extent to which this practice limits trial accrual will likely increase. The reflexive exclusion of patients with prior cancer from clinical trials presumably reflects concerns that a prior cancer diagnosis could interfere with study conduct or outcomes. However, studies evaluating the impact of prior cancer on lung cancer outcomes yield conflicting results, are predominantly small, single-center series, and primarily focus on resected, early-stage tumors (22–27). We therefore determined the prevalence and prognostic impact of prior cancers among patients with advanced lung cancer using a large, representative, population-based, clinically detailed dataset.
Talcott parsons, social entropy theory, and living systems theory

Parsonian functionalism popularized grand, macrosociological systems theory in sociology, and dominated the field for over two decades. Unfortunately, it was heavily criticized as teleological, tautological, static, untestable, and conservative. The criticisms not only hastened its demise, but left a harsh legacy in which contemporary systems approaches are often labeled as “functionalism” and thus diminished or even dismissed. Living Systems Theory (LST) has contributed greatly to sociological thought, but it too, is in danger of being labeled as functionalist. In order to make clear the sociological contributions of LST, this paper first briefly compares it with Parsonian functionalism, and then with the major postfunctionalist sociological systems approach, Social Entropy Theory (SET). The analysis shows that not only are LST and SET complementary, but that both generally escape the pitfalls of functionalism. Thus, macrosociological systems theory is once again on solid ground. However, many social scientists do not realize this, and are not yet aware of the contributions of the newer systems approaches. This paper and a companion paper seek to make the contributions of contemporary macrosociological approaches such as LST more familiar and accessible to social scientists.
A new parametric family for modelling cumulative incidence functions: application to breast cancer data

Competing risks situations can be encountered in many research areas such as medicine, social science and engineering. The main stream of analyses of those competing risks data has been nonparametric or semiparametric in the statistical literature. We propose a new parametric family to parameterize the cumulative incidence function completely. The new distribution is sufficiently flexible to fit various shapes of hazard patterns in survival data and increases the efficiency of the cumulative incidence estimates over the distribution-free approaches. A simple two-sample parametric test statistic is also proposed to compare the cumulative incidence functions between two groups at a given time point. The new parametric approach is illustrated by using breast cancer data sets from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. Copyright 2006 Royal Statistical Society.
Geldanamycin Analog 17-DMAG Inhibits iNOS and Caspases in Gamma-Irradiated Human T Cells

Abstract Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production increase after radiation exposure. We showed previously that inhibiting iNOS expression prevents hemorrhage injury; we therefore investigated whether inhibiting iNOS expression also limits radiation injury. Human Jurkat T cells were exposed to γ radiation (2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy), and cell lysates were collected for analysis at selected times afterward. Radiation exposure increased iNOS expression within 4 h postirradiation by increasing the levels of the iNOS transcription factors NF-κB and KLF6. By 24 h postirradiation cell viability was reduced. In these cells, NO production, lipid peroxidation, protein nitration, apoptosomes (formed by cytochrome c, caspase 9 and Apaf-1), and caspase 3 activity were significantly elevated, suggesting that the iNOS pathway had been activated. Treatment with the iNOS inhibitors 17-DMAG or L-NIL-6 24 h prior to irradiation limited these changes, as did treatment with iNOS siRNA to silence the iNOS gene...
Abstract 269: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-3-ribonucleoside (AICAR) Decreases Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rat Placental Villi Explants

Preeclampsia, defined by the onset of de novo hypertension and proteinuria near the 20th week of gestation, is a major contributor to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preeclampsia is often preceded by placental ischemia and an imbalance in circulating angiogenic factors (e.g. VEGF - vascular endothelial growth factor, sFlt-1 - soluble VEGF receptor 1). Recent studies also report increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress products in preeclamptic placentas. Our laboratory recently reported 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-3-ribonuceloside (AICAR) reduces blood pressure and improves angiogenic balance (increased VEGF, decreased sFlt-1) in rats with placental ischemia-induced hypertension, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized AICAR would decrease sFlt-1, increase AMPK phosphorylation, and decrease ER stress in hypoxic placental villous explants. On day 19 of pregnancy, placentas were isolated from four Sprague-Dawley rats and immediately dissected in ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline. Explants were cultured for 12 hours in physiologic normoxic (8% O2) and hypoxic (1.5% O2) conditions. All experiments were performed in triplicate. VEGF secretion was unaffected by AICAR treatment in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. AICAR decreased sFlt -1 secretion in hypoxic villi (2147±116 vs. *1411±67, P
Sodium-dependent nucleoside transport in the human intestinal brush-border membrane

The objective of the study was to determine the identity and kinetic characteristics of nucleoside transporters present in the brush-border membrane of the human jejunum. With use of brush-border membrane vesicles, uptake of [3H]uridine was stimulated two- to threefold by an inwardly directed Na+ gradient and was inhibited by both 100 microM thymidine and 100 microM guanosine nucleosides, which serve as model substrates for purine (N1, cif) and pyrimidine (N2, cit) transporters, respectively. [3H]thymidine and [3H]guanosine transport exhibited an overshoot phenomenon only in the presence of a Na+ gradient. Na(+)-thymidine uptake was inhibited by 100 microM cytidine or thymidine but not by guanosine, inosine, formycin B, or hypoxanthine. [3H]guanosine uptake was inhibited by 100 microM inosine, guanosine, or formycin B but not by thymidine or cytidine. Both adenosine and uridine inhibited uptake of [3H]thymidine and [3H]guanosine to a similar extent, indicating that both N1, cif and N2, cit Na(+)-nucleoside transporters are expressed in human jejunum. Enhanced uptake of Na(+)-thymidine by an inside-negative potential difference generated by K+ and valinomycin provides evidence that nucleoside transport is rheogenic, involving net transfer of a positive charge. The Hill coefficient was unity for all three substrates, indicating a Na(+)-nucleoside coupling stoichiometry of 1:1. At saturating Na+ concentration (150 mM) the kinetic parameters (n = 3-4) Michaelis-Menten constant and maximum velocity for uridine, thymidine, and guanosine uptake were 4.15 +/- 1.79, 2.74 +/- 0.58, 12.02 +/- 1.34 microM and 25.93 +/- 7.38, 16.10 +/- 3.64, 63.92 +/- 10.23 pmol.mg-1.10 s-1, respectively. These results suggest that, in contrast to the human kidney that expresses the N4 nucleoside transporter, the human jejunum expresses both N1 and N2 Na(+)-nucleoside transporters.
Flow in a Channel of Definite Roughness

Although the effect of definite roughness of the wall upon the resistance to the flow of fluids in pipes has been thoroughly studied, there seems no equally satisfactory study of the effect of know...
Heliothis spp.: Seasonal Occurrence, Hosts and Host Importance in the Lower Rio Grande Valley

A study was conducted in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas from 1969–73 to help define bollworm H. zea (Boddie) and tobacco budworm H. virescens (F.) population dynamics. A total of 39,277 eggs and 23,396 larvae of Lepidoptera was collected from 95,241 individual plants of weed species and 12,780 row ft of cultivated crops. Budworms peaked in March and constituted over 85% of the Heliothis collected from July through October. Both species of Heliothis peaked on tomatoes about mid-April and heavy infestations of budworms occurred again in August. Bollworms peaked in June on cotton whereas budworms increased tremendously the last half of July and remained at high levels during August. Budworms were found on more species of plants than bollworms.
Increasing the Efficiency of the Transannular Diels–Alder Strategy via Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Macrocyclizations

Palladium(II)-catalyzed macrocyclizations of bis(vinylboronate ester) compounds are demonstrated to provide a strategically efficient approach to transannular Diels-Alder reaction substrates. In several systems reported, the macrocycle is preorganized such that cycloaddition at room temperature occurs concomitantly with cyclization. Numerous advantages over palladium(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling approaches are demonstrated.
Effectiveness of Blacklight-Chemosterilant Feeder and Trichogramma spp. in Reducing Egg Hatch of Heliothis spp. in a Large Field Cage

Chemosterilant feeders, attached to insect traps equipped with blacklight lamps, were installed in an 8-acre field cage containing sampling sites planted to corn and tobacco. Laboratory-reared Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.) were released into the cage. Moths were attracted to the blacklight trap and were chemosterilized when they exited the feeder. Eggs collected from corn and tobacco were checked for hatch and for parasitization by Trichogramma spp. The combination of light trap plus chemosterilant feeder plus parasitism by Trichogramma showed Heliothis egg hatch from corn of 11% and 25% from tobacco. Females collected from the 8-acre cage and egged in the laboratory had egg hatch of 4% for H. zea and 36% for H. virescens as compared with hatch from control females of 49% and 54%, respectively.
Dermal Uptake of Organic Vapors Commonly Found in Indoor Air

Transdermal uptake directly from air is a potentially important yet largely overlooked pathway for human exposure to organic vapors indoors. We recently reported (Indoor Air 2012, 22, 356) that transdermal uptake directly from air could be comparable to or larger than intake via inhalation for many semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Here, we extend that analysis to approximately eighty organic compounds that (a) occur commonly indoors and (b) are primarily in the gas-phase rather than being associated with particles. For some compounds, the modeled ratio of dermal-to-inhalation uptake is large. In this group are common parabens, lower molecular weight phthalates, o-phenylphenol, Texanol, ethylene glycol, and α-terpineol. For other compounds, estimated dermal uptakes are small compared to inhalation. Examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons, single ring aromatics, terpenes, chlorinated solvents, formaldehyde, and acrolein. Analysis of published experimental data for human subjects for twenty different organic compounds substantiates these model predictions. However, transdermal uptake rates from air have not been measured for the indoor organics that have the largest modeled ratios of dermal-to-inhalation uptake; for such compounds, the estimates reported here require experimental verification. In accounting for total exposure to indoor organic pollutants and in assessing potential health consequences of such exposures, it is important to consider direct transdermal absorption from air.
Difference of fungicide resistance of asparagus stem blight fungus from different geographic origins

To define the difference of the resistance level of asparagus stem blight fungus Phomopsis asparagi(Sacc.) Bubak from different provinces on systemic and protective fungicides,the resistance levels of 24 isolates from 6 provinces on carbendazim and mancozeb were determined by using the mycelial growth rate method.The isolates from Shandong Province expressed the most resistance on carbendazim with an average EC50 value of 1.10 mg/L,followed by the isolates from Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province,with an average EC50 values of 0.58 mg/L and 0.33 mg/L respectively.The isolates from Fujian Province expressed the most resistance on mancozeb with an average EC50 value of 34.53 mg/L,followed by the isolates from Hebei Province and Shandong Province,with average EC50 values of 15.88 mg/L and 14.19 mg/L respectively.Compared to mancozeb,it's easier for carbendazim to produce resistance,with 7 resistant isolates,3.66 as the resistant level and 29.17% as the resistant frequency,while 4 resistant isolates,with 1.90 as the resistant level and 16.67% as the resistant frequency,were included in mancozeb.Of 24 isolates,SD4 revealed resistance on both of carbendazim and mancozeb,with the resistance levels of 10.44 and 3.01 respectively,which expressed multiresistance.
Accurate Hydrodynamic Modeling with the Boundary Element Method

The integral equations of hydrodynamics are presented for both stick and slip boundary conditions, and results of computations including rigid amino acids are used to obtain a new interpretation of the significance of the hydration parameter used in hydrodynamic modeling. The dynamics of the protein surface perturbs water at that boundary, giving rise to additional viscous energy dissipation which is mimicked by a uniform solvation of 1.1 A thick with stick boundary conditions. BEST (Aragon SR, J Comput Chem 25:1191–12055, 2004) has been used to study 49 different proteins, ranging in molecular weight from 9 to 400 kDa, and we have shown that a model using a 1.1 A thick hydration layer describes all protein transport properties very well. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been used to investigate the origin of a handful of significant discrepancies in some multimeric proteins. A preliminary study of dimeric α-chymotrypsin using approximate implicit water MD is presented. In addition I describe the successful validation of modern protein force fields, ff03 and ff99SB, for the accurate computation of solution structure in explicit water simulation for small proteins using trajectories around 10 ns duration. We have also studied a 150 kDa flexible monoclonal IgG antibody, trastuzumab, with multiple independent trajectories encompassing over 320 ns of simulation. The close agreement within experimental error of the computed and measured properties allows us to conclude that MD does produce structures typical of those in solution and that flexible molecules can be properly described using the method of ensemble averaging over a trajectory.
Comet Populations and Cometary Dynamics

Comets are small icy bodies regarded as remnants of the time of planetary accretion when the Solar System was formed. The chapter discusses where comets originated, where they have spent most of their lives, and how they occasionally evolve through the planetary system and move close enough to the Sun to become the spectacular objects we sometimes see in the night sky. The majority of observational information we have about these objects comes from the short phase when they are close to the Sun. The rest of the story is gleaned by combining this information with computer-generated dynamical models of the Solar System. A discussion of the behavior of the orbits of comets is presented along with a classification scheme for comets. Finally, the cometary reservoirs are described, which are believed to exist in the Solar System, today.
Some Aspects of Diallel Cross Designs with Correlated Observations

The purpose of this article is to present some theoretical results for analysis of diallel cross designs in blocked situations with a possible correlation structure within each block.AMS (2000} Subject Classification: 62K99
Anesthesia and Sudden Onset Cardiomyopathies in Children

Anesthesiologists are often asked to provide anesthesia or sedation for previously healthy children with newly diagnosed cardiomyopathies. A thorough understanding of the disease process, diagnostic work up, and potential complications is important for safe anesthetic management. This article discusses the different classification systems, diagnostic tests, recent outcomes, and specific anesthetic considerations for children with sudden onset cardiomyopathies. New genetic and molecular research has triggered various changes in the classification system for cardiomyopathies with implications for the communication among specialties. Outcome studies have demonstrated better survival rates for the myocarditis subtype, but the frequent need for temporary extracorporeal support (ECMO). The anesthetic management of patients with sudden onset cardiomyopathies requires full understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical status of the patient, good communication with the care team, and adequate preparation of the anesthesia location, often involving ECMO back up.
9 – Viroid Diseases of Plants

Viroids are the smallest known agents of infectious disease. Viroids possess rather unusual properties for single-stranded RNAs, leading to an early realization that they might have an unusual higher order structure. Known viroids are single-stranded circular RNA molecules containing 246-399 unmodified nucleotides and lacking both a protein capsid and detectable messenger RNA activity. A combination of electron microscopy, optical melting, and other physical–chemical studies and theoretical calculations indicates that all except avocado unblotch, peach latent mosaic, and chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroids assume a highly base-paired rodlike conformation in vitro. This chapter discusses two types of virus transmission strategies: laboratory methods and natural transmission routes. Commonly used techniques for the experimental transmission of viroids include standard leaf abrasion methods developed for use with conventional viruses, various “razor slashing” methods in which phloem tissue in the stem or petiole is inoculated via cuts made with a razor blade previously dipped into inoculum, and high-pressure injection of nucleic acid inoculum into folded apical leaves. Most viroids are naturally transmitted from plant to plant by man.
Effects of Vitrectomy and Lensectomy on Older Rhesus Macaques: Oxygen Distribution, Antioxidant Status, and Aqueous Humor Dynamics

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of vitrectomy (PPV) and lens extraction with intraocular lens implantation (PE/IOL) on molecular oxygen (pO2) distribution, aqueous humor antioxidant-oxidant balance, aqueous humor dynamics, and histopathologic changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM) in the older macaque monkey. Methods Six rhesus monkeys underwent PPV followed by PE/IOL. pO2, outflow facility, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured. Aqueous and vitreous humor specimens were analyzed for antioxidant status and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative damage. TM specimens were obtained for immunohistochemical and quantitative PCR analysis. Results pO2 at baseline revealed steep gradients in the anterior chamber and low levels in the posterior chamber (PC) and around the lens. Following PPV and PE/IOL, pO2 significantly increased in the PC, around the IOL, and angle. IOP increased following both surgical interventions, with no change in outflow facility. Histopathologic analysis did not show changes in TM cell quantification, but there was an increase in 8-OHdG. Quantitative PCR did not reveal significant differences in glaucoma-related gene expression. Aqueous and vitreous humor analysis revealed decreased ascorbate and total reactive antioxidant potential and increased 8-OHdG in the aqueous humor only in the surgical eyes. Conclusions Oxygen distribution in the older rhesus monkey is similar to humans at baseline and following surgical interventions. Our findings of histopathologic changes of TM oxidative damage and alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant balance suggest a potential correlation of increased oxygen exposure with oxidative stress/damage and the development of open angle glaucoma.
Chemical Looping Partial Oxidation : Gasification, Reforming, and Chemical Syntheses

This is the first comprehensive guide to the principles and techniques of chemical looping partial oxidation. With authoritative explanations from a pioneer of the chemical looping process, you will:Gain a holistic overview of metal oxide reaction engineering, with coverage of ionic diffusion, nanostructure formation, morphological evolution, phase equilibrium, and recyclability properties of metal oxides during redox reactionsLearn about the gasification of solid fuels, the reforming of natural gas, and the catalytic conversion of methane to olefinsUnderstand the importance of reactor design and process integration in enabling metal oxide oxygen carriers to produce desired productsDiscover other applications of catalytic metal oxides, including the production of maleic anhydride and solar energy conversionsAspen Plus® simulation software and results accompany the book online. This is an invaluable reference for researchers and industry professionals in the fields of chemical, energy and environmental engineering, and students studying process design and optimization.
Is it a match? a novel method of evaluating medical school success.

Background: Medical education program evaluation allows for curricular improvements to both Undergraduate (UME) and Graduate Medical Education (GME). UME programs are left with little more than mat...
Use of antimony in multiple myeloma.

The effect of antimony treatment (neostibosan) of multiple myeloma is described. The following observations are reported: 1. Control of bleeding . In one instance of multiple myeloma the presenting symptom was uncontrollable nosebleed of one and one-half years’ duration. The platelet count as well as the clotting and bleeding time were normal, the only abnormality was the failure of the clot to retract. It is possible that the latter abnormality was connected with the abnormal protein composition of the blood (hyperglobulinemia was found).2 Topical treatment, including repeated cauterizations and radium application to the nasal mucosa, remained without any effect, and constant packing and frequent transfusions were necessary. Following a course of neostibosan injections there was gradual diminution of the bleeding, and after one month complete cessation of bleeding was noted. Since that time (6 months at the time of writing) the bleeding did not recur, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. At the same time a moderate decrease of hyperglobulinemia was observed. 2. Reduction of hyperglobulinemia . In reviewing all other cases treated it was found that in all four instances with hyperglobulinemia there was reduction of the serum globulin content. When a few months later the hyperglobulinemia was rising, a repeated course of antimony was followed again by its reduction. In three instances without hyperglobulinemia no change of serum globulin was noted following the antimony treatment. In four other cases the globulin changes were not followed. 3. Regression of palpable tumors . Three instances with visible tumors, a rather uncommon phenomenon in multiple myeloma, were observed. Disappearance of the palpable tumors in two patients after combined antimony and radiotherapy was reported in a previous communication. In the present paper, almost complete disappearance of palpable tumors following antimony treatment alone without radiotherapy is reported. With regard to these observations, the following reservations should be kept in mind: 1. In evaluating the influence of antimony on multiple myeloma it is necessary to realize the possibility of occasional spontaneous remissions in this disease, as well as of a prolonged course over a period of years with relative freedom from symptoms, and occasional sensitivity to radiation. 2. The number of observations is insufficient to warrant at this point conclusions as to the therapeutic value of antimony. They indicate merely a possible influence of antimony on the myeloma tissue and on the disturbed chemistry of myeloma.
Efficient Communication by Phone Calls

We are given the question: how many phone calls are needed for n people to pool all their information in a succession of k-person party line phone calls? The question was proposed by Erdos for the special case K = 2. We prove here the result that [n − 2/K − 1] + [n − 1 /k] + 1 calls are required if 1 ≤ n ≤ k2, while 2[n − 2/k − 1] are required for n > k2.
Genomic aberrations involving 12p/ETV6 are highly prevalent in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms and might represent early clonal events.

Abstract Background Chromosomal aberrations at the ETV6 gene locus on 12p13.2 are common in bone marrow samples involved by blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). However, their pathogenic role, incidence in cutaneous BPDCN lesions, and clinical significance have not been assessed systematically. Results The study group included 30 BPDCN patients, 25 men and 5 women, with a median age of 64 years. Conventional cytogenetic analysis demonstrated karyotypic aberrancies in 15 cases, of which 8 had chromosomal lesions involving 12p. In addition, 2 cases with normal diploid karyotype had cryptic 12p/ETV6 deletion by ETV6 FISH test. Notably, 2 bone marrow samples with ETV6 rearrangement had no detectable BPDCN involvement, but otherwise dynamic changes in the detection of 12p/ETV6 aberrations correlated with the presence of morphologically and/or immunophenotypically detectable disease. Tissue specimens from 6 patients with cutaneous BPDCN all tested positive for homozygous or heterozygous ETV6 deletions. Conclusion We demonstrate that monoallelic and biallelic 12p/ETV6 deletions are highly prevalent in BPDCN, and their detection is enhanced by the use of FISH and aCGH. In addition, 12p/ETV6 may be present in the bone marrow of BPDCN patients in the absence of detectable disease suggesting that such alterations might represent an early pathogenic event.
Anionic multiblock copolymer membrane based on vinyl addition polymerization of norbornenes: Applications in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract Stable, non-hydrolysable, hydroxide-conducting polymers are of interest for electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers and flow-batteries. In this study, a series of tetrablock copolymers containing an all-hydrocarbon backbone were synthesized. The synthesis is based on vinyl addition polymerization of norbornene using (η3-allyl)Pd(iPr3P)Cl as the catalyst and lithium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-borate·(2.5Et2O) (Li[FABA]) as the activator. The tetrablock polymers were cast into membranes with an ion-exchange capacity (IEC) between 1.55 and 2.60 milliequivalents per gram (meq/g). The number of bound and unbound water molecules per ion pair was measured and correlated with conductivity. The membrane with the highest IEC (2.60 meq/g) had 10.6 unbound (i.e. free) and 17.9 bound water molecules per ion pair within the polymer. The presence of excess unbound water has led to flooding of the ion conductive channels and low hydroxide ion conductivity. The optimal anion conductivity was found with about 6.7 unbound and 11.9 bound water molecules per ion pair. Excellent hydroxide conductivity (>120 mS/cm at 80 °C) was obtained at an ion-exchange capacity of 1.88 meq/g. The results show that hydroxide mobility is aided by phase segregation within the copolymer. The ion conducting polymer was stable in 1 M NaOH solution at 80 °C, showing essentially no loss in ion conductivity in 1200 h. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the membrane backbone was stable up to 400 °C, consistent with previous polynorbornene-based materials. The peak power density of a H2/O2, hydroxide conducting fuel cell containing one of these membranes was 542.57 mW/cm2 at 0.43 V and current density of 1.26 A/cm2 at 60 °C.
Statistics for Categorical, Nonparametric, and Distribution-Free Data

Researchers in applied linguistics frequently encounter data that could be considered nontraditional, including categorical data, data that does not fit a traditional parametric model, and data that may not fit any distribution (distribution free). In this chapter we describe statistical methods for handling such data. We begin by introducing methods for analyzing categorical data, including the use of basic descriptive statistics such as measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, frequency counts, and normed rates of occurrence. We then introduce when, why, and how to use alternatives to traditional parametric statistical tests, including nonparametric analogs, permutation tests, and bootstrapping.
The Quest to be Love(d) in Urban Schools: Issue Introduction

“The Quest to be love(d) in urban schools,” serves as the introduction to the special issue of The Urban Review on love and urban schooling entitled, “What’s love got to do with it? Looking for love in urban schooling.” This introductory piece serves to invite the issue’s readers into the aim and purpose of the subject matter, tying together the through line of love and healing in urban education that exists throughout the manuscripts.
2524 Perioperative Non-Opioid Pain Control Adjuncts and Postoperative Opioid Use after Benign Gynecologic Surgery

Study Objective To assess associations between perioperative non-opioid pain control adjuncts and postoperative opioid use. Design Survey and retrospective chart review of patients who underwent a minimally invasive hysterectomy or laparoscopic adnexal surgery at a single academic institution between October 2017 and October 2018. Patients underwent a structured telephone interview 5-7 days after discharge and a chart review one month later. The primary outcome was morphine milligram equivalent (MME) use after discharge. Setting N/A Patients or Participants Of 352 patients enrolled, 124 met inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 87 who underwent minimally invasive hysterectomy and 42 laparoscopic adnexal surgery. Ten of these participants did not consent to a medical record review. Interventions The perioperative non-opioid adjuncts examined include preoperative administration of celecoxib, gabapentin, pregabalin, and/or acetaminophen; intraoperative application of bupivacaine topically to the diaphragm; and postoperative ketorolac. Surgeons treated patients at their own discretion. Measurements and Main Results The median MME used after minimally invasive hysterectomy and laparoscopic adnexal surgery was 8 and 8.2 respectively, with 42% of participants not receiving, not filling or not using their opioid prescription at all. The median proportion of MME used to MME prescribed was 10% for hysterectomy and 20% for adnexal surgeries. Of these patients, 33.3% received at least one preoperative medication, 18% had intraoperative bupivacaine, and 71% received postoperative ketorolac. There were no statistically significant differences in MME use between those who did or did not receive any of the perioperative non-opioid adjuncts, though there was a trend toward lower MME use with post-operative ketorolac (6.35 vs 23.4 MME, p 0.056). Conclusion Some patients do not require post-operative opioid medications after a minimally invasive hysterectomy or adnexal surgery and most use only a small fraction of the amount prescribed. Perioperative adjunct therapies did not demonstrate statistically significant reductions in opioid use, though small numbers and lack of standardization limit the evaluation.
The Biology of B-Progenitor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Genomic analyses have revolutionized our understanding of the biology of B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Studies of thousands of cases across the age spectrum have revised the taxonomy of B-ALL by identifying multiple new subgroups with diverse sequence and structural initiating events that vary substantially by age at diagnosis and prognostic significance. There is a growing appreciation of the role of inherited genetic variation in predisposition to ALL and drug responsiveness and of the nature of genetic variegation and clonal evolution that may be targeted for improved diagnostic, risk stratification, disease monitoring, and therapeutic intervention. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of the genetic basis of B-ALL, with an emphasis on recent discoveries that have changed our approach to diagnosis and monitoring.
Asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of 3-(acyloxy)acryloyl oxazolidinones: optically active synthesis of a high-affinity ligand for potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors

We describe here our investigation of the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of chiral 3-(acyloxy)acryloyl oxazolidinones as dienophiles in various Lewis-acid promoted reactions with cyclopentadiene. The resulting highly functionalized cycloadducts are useful intermediates for the synthesis, particularly for the optically active synthesis of 6-5-5 tricyclic hexahydro-4H-3,5-methanofuro[2,3-b]pyranol (3) with five contiguous chiral centers. This stereochemically defined crown-like heterocyclic derivative is an important high affinity ligand for a variety of highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Among the various dienophiles and Lewis acid-mediated reactions surveyed, 3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)acryloyl oxazolidinone as the dienophile and diethylaluminum chloride as the Lewis-acid provided the desired endo product with excellent diastereoselectivity. The cycloaddition was carried out in multi-gram scale and the cycloadduct was efficiently converted to alcohol 3 with high enantiomeric purity. The optically active ligand was then transformed into potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor 2.
Distinguishing the region-of-origin of roasted coffee beans with trace element ratios

Abstract Determining coffee region-of-origin is most appropriately addressed through analyses of the product available to the consumer. We analyzed the concentrations of 44 trace elements in 53 samples of roasted Arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica) from 21 different countries. Variations in absolute elemental concentrations of coffee beans arise through varying degrees of roasting (from green through dark roasts). Since trace elements are not volatilized at roasting temperatures, we conducted analyses of element ratios to evaluate concentration-related differences among beans of different origins. We used kernel density estimates to compare the distributions of 1892 element ratios for each of these countries with the combined distribution of coffee samples from the other countries. Using this quantitative approach, we demonstrated that many of the world’s coffee-producing regions can be distinguished from other regions of the world on the basis of element ratios.
WHEN THE POSTPARTUM PULMONARY HYPERTENSION PRESENTED AS SUB-MASSIVE PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Postpartum pulmonary hypertension (PPPHTN) is a very rare disorder. Clinically may overlap with pulmonary embolism (PE). Accurate diagnosis is crucial for management and future pregnancies will be contraindicated. 18 yo lady, four weeks postpartum and post long car trip presented with pleuritic
Crowded out from the Beginning: Impact of Government Debt on Corporate Financing

Using hand-collected data on corporate bond and stock offerings, we identify the impact of government debt on corporate financing during World War I. The early twentieth century provides a unique opportunity to identify the impact of government debt on private financing because during this period (1) firms announced the amount they wanted to raise before each security offering and (2) the Treasury issued debt in discrete intervals. We identify the impact of Treasury issues by comparing differences in the amount firms offered to the amount they actually raised when the Treasury was borrowing to when the Treasury was not in the market. We find that long term government bond offerings negatively affect both amount of long-term corporate bonds and dividend paying stocks issued. In contrast, we find no effect of government bond offerings on short term debt issue. Our findings suggest that investors view dividend paying stocks as a close substitute for relatively safe long-term bonds.
A Time-Updated, Parsimonious Model to Predict AKI in Hospitalized Children.

Background Timely prediction of AKI in children can allow for targeted interventions, but the wealth of data in the electronic health record poses unique modeling challenges. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of all children younger than 18 years old who had at least two creatinine values measured during a hospital admission from January 2014 through January 2018. We divided the study population into derivation, and internal and external validation cohorts, and used five feature selection techniques to select 10 of 720 potentially predictive variables from the electronic health records. Model performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the validation cohorts. The primary outcome was development of AKI (per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine definition) within a moving 48-hour window. Secondary outcomes included severe AKI (stage 2 or 3), inpatient mortality, and length of stay. Results Among 8473 encounters studied, AKI occurred in 516 (10.2%), 207 (9%), and 27 (2.5%) encounters in the derivation, and internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. The highest-performing model used a machine learning-based genetic algorithm, with an overall receiver operating characteristic curve in the internal validation cohort of 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72 to 0.79] for AKI, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.83) for severe AKI, and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.86) for neonatal AKI. To translate this prediction model into a clinical risk-stratification tool, we identified high- and low-risk threshold points. Conclusions Using various machine learning algorithms, we identified and validated a time-updated prediction model of ten readily available electronic health record variables to accurately predict imminent AKI in hospitalized children.
The Effect of Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement 34 on Municipal Audit Fees

We examined the change in audit fees after adoption of GASB 34 for a sample of 350 cities, correcting for audit fee inflation unrelated to GASB 34. We found that the mean (median) fee change for 2002 adopters was 4.9 (2.9) percentage points higher than for non-adopters. The mean (median) fee increase for 2003 adopters, smaller cities, was 11.6% (8.6%) over the non-adoption year fee increase. Overall, we found that the adoption of Statement 34 increased mean (median) fees approximately 9% (5%) for all cities, but that the effect was significantly larger for small cities. Overall, we documented an increase in fees associated with adoption that is both statistically and practically significant.
The Battle Between Privacy and Progress: How Genomic Companies Plan to Move Into Personalized Healthcare and What It Means for Your Privacy

Genomic companies like 23andMe market themselves to consumers as the instrument to revealing a previously hidden branch of a family tree. The user provides 23andMe, or any other genomic company, with a sample of their DNA, usually in the form of a cheek swab, and the company will process the DNA and provide you with a report of your heritage. This process comes at a small fee for the user, and once the report is received and the money paid, the transaction is complete. Right? Wrong, there is so much more going on than that! Once you provide the company with your DNA, they are free to store it in their database, provide it to other entities, like the FBI, or sell it to the highest bidder, like your health insurance company. And that’s just the tip of the iceberg. Studies have estimated that if only 2% of the population contributes to a DNA test, then virtually everyone’s genetic information will be represented in the data. This, in effect, carries the ball beyond the bounds of the third party doctrine because with such a minute sample size, genomics companies are capable of creating a database that reflects the genetic information of the entire population. So, if your cousin, your third cousin, or even someone further removed from your family tree participates in 23andMe’s long – information gathering – con, then chances are, they have your DNA too.