cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An experimental investigation of the finite amplitude wave

An experimental investigation of the pressure field distribution produced by a plane circular piston in water was carried out by means of two receivers of different size. A transducer of 46-mm-diam and 1.0-MHz center frequency was used as a transmitter. The PVdF needle hydrophone of 1mm diameter was the first receiver, whereas the second one had a diameter equal to that of the source. All experiments were performed using a high precision computer-controlled tank facility. Measurements of harmonic generation are compared with numerical calculations based on the nonlinear parabolic wave equation.
What are the Questions We Should Be Asking in Micro Economics

Con respeto a la dificultad global causada por esta crisis financiera, ahora es un tiempo propicio para hacer una autoevaluacion honesta de las fuerzas y las debilidades de la economia ?esta suficientemente dotada la microeconomia para ayudar a solucionar los problemas de nuestra generacion, o necesita un replanteamiento? Como un primer paso, en el espiritu de Joan Robinson (1980) debemos plantear si la microeconomia realiza las preguntas adecuadas. Las planteadas en este ensayo golpean en el centro de la microeconomia. Las preguntas que hacen son faciles; su contestacion es lo dificil. Esperamos que este ensayo comience un dialogo fructifero sobre la eficacia de la microeconomia
Ionization and Abundances of Intergalactic Gas

We will briefly present four results — three from the W.M. Keck telescope, and one from the HST — on the abundances and ionization of the Lyman-alpha forest clouds and the intergalactic medium at high redshift. For the first time we have sufficient signal to noise to clearly see the velocity profiles of the Lyα forest lines. Most are Voigt, with little substructure, and no sign of hydrodynamics, and most have velocity dispersions between 22 and 36 km s−1, below the published mean of 34 km/s. There is no correlation between velocity dispersion and column density, but some clouds are apparently very cold. We report the discovery of C IV lines in 60% of high redshift Lyα forest clouds with logN(HI) > 14.5. Ionization corrections indicate that about 50% of Lyα clouds have [C/H] > −2.5. If the few Lyα clouds with high N(HI) are the only ones with carbon, then they might all be in the very outer regions of galaxies, especially since they cluster on scales of 1000 km s−1. But if all Lyα clouds have carbon, then most are intergalactic, and the carbon could have three origins: pre-galactic massive stars or very massive objects, stars inside individual intergalactic clouds, and gas ejected from galaxies. We present a low value for the primordial deuterium to hydrogen ratio in one Lyman limit absorber at high redshift, which we believe is the most accurate measurement ever, and we present an HST spectrum of the first QSO to show flux below He II 304, which means that the intergalactic medium (IGM) is highly ionized at z = 3 in this direction.
Do the seconds turn into hours? Relationships between sustained pupil dilation in response to emotional information and self-reported rumination

This study examined relationships between self-reported rumination and sustained pupil dilation, an index of cognitive and emotional processing, in response to emotional information in depressed and never-depressed individuals. Pupil dilation was measured during tasks that required alternating emotional and nonemotional processing. Depressed individuals displayed more sustained pupil dilation in response to stimuli on emotional processing tasks than nondepressed individuals. Such sustained pupil dilation among depressed individuals was particularly apparent in response to negative and personally relevant emotional information. Multiple self-report measures of rumination were moderately correlated with sustained pupil dilation to negative personally relevant information. Results are consistent with the idea that sustained emotional processing of briefly presented stimuli may be associated with the propensity for depressive rumination.
Hydroxide Treated Corn Cobs Fed with Corn Silages in Complete Rations

Abstract Thirty lactating cows were fed ad libitum six rations as complete feeds in a factorially designed experiment. Rations involved a control and an ammonia-molasses-mineral (ProSil) treated silage fed at 50%, and corn cobs treated with 3% sodium hydroxide and 1% calcium hydroxide at 0%, 12%, and 23% of the ration dry matter. The cobs replaced part of the corn in these rations. Crude fiber was 12%, 16%, and 20% of these respective rations. As-fed intakes were highest for 23% rations, but intakes of dry matter and net energy for milk production were highest for the 0% rations. Actual milk and 4% fat-corrected milk were lowest for the 23% rations. Milk fat content averaged 3.68% and was not affected by percent cobs. Milk protein was lowest for the 23% rations (3.11%) and highest for the 0% rations (3.34%). Treatment of the silage had no effect on yield of milk, 4% fat corrected milk, milk fat, or milk protein percentages. Mean daily milk production was 20.6kg for the untreated silage and 20.1kg for the treated silage rations. Intake of dry matter per unit of metabolic weight was lower for the treated silage. General performance favored the 0% and 12% rations whereas there was little difference between silage treatments.
Modeling Protein–Protein and Protein–Nucleic Acid Interactions: Structure, Thermodynamics, and Kinetics

Abstract We review recent progress in modeling the structures, binding affinities, and binding rates of protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid complexes. Limitations and promises of a wide range of computational approaches are presented.
Peak sets of classical Coxeter groups

We say a permutation π = π1π2⋯πn in the symmetric group Sn has a peak at index i if πi−1 πi+1 and we let P(π) = {i ∈{1,2,…,n}∣ i is a peak of π}. Given a set S of positive integers, we let P(S;n) denote the subset of Sn consisting of all permutations π where P(π) = S. In 2013, Billey, Burdzy, and Sagan proved |P(S;n)| = p(n)2n−|S|−1 , where p(n) is a polynomial of degree max(S)−1. In 2014, Castro-Velez et al. considered the Coxeter group of type Bn as the group of signed permutations on n letters and showed that |PB(S;n)| = p(n)22n−|S|−1 , where p(n) is the same polynomial of degree max(S)−1. In this paper we partition the sets P(S;n) ⊂ Sn studied by Billey, Burdzy, and Sagan into subsets of permutations that end with an ascent to a fixed integer k (or a descent to a fixed integer k) and provide polynomial formulas for the cardinalities of these subsets. After embedding the Coxeter groups of Lie types Cn and Dn into S2n, we partition these groups into bundles of permutations π1π2⋯πn|πn+1⋯π2n such that π1π2⋯πn has the same relative order as some permutation σ1σ2⋯σn ∈ Sn. This allows us to count the number of permutations in types Cn and Dn with a given peak set S by reducing the enumeration to calculations in the symmetric group and sums across the rows of Pascal’s triangle.
The premature breech

The perinatal outcome of all vaginal breech deliveries weighing less than 2,500 grams was evaluated retrospectively. Results indicated that labor and delivery in the breech position had a morbidity and mortality rate far greater than could be attributed to prematurity alone. Serious consideration should be given to prophylactic cesarean section for all premature breech fetuses when delivery is anticipated.
Aerobic biological treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater: effect of temperature on cod removal and bacterial community development.

The effect of temperature was studied on the efficiency of soluble COD removal and bacterial community development during the aerobic biological treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater. Using wastewater and bacterial inoculum obtained from the full-scale facility treating this wastewater, batch laboratory cultures were operated at 5°C intervals from 30°C to 70°C. Following four culture transfers to allow for bacterial acclimation, residual soluble COD levels were measured and bacterial community fingerprints were obtained by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. Soluble COD removal efficiency declined as temperature increased from 30°C (62%) to 60°C (38%). Biological treatment of this wastewater failed to occur at temperatures higher than 60°C. Gradual shifts in bacterial community structure were detected as temperature increased, including a concomitant reduction in the number of different bacterial populations. The impact of temperature on a two-stage biological treatment process was also compared. Better soluble COD removal was achieved when both reactors were operated at 30°C compared to a system where the two stages were consecutively operated at 55°C and 30°C. These results indicate that operation of aerobic biological wastewater treatment reactors at elevated temperatures can have adverse effects on process performance.
Anti-tobacco advertisements by Massachusetts and Philip Morris: what teenagers think

Objective: To assess teenagers9 receptivity to anti-tobacco television advertisements produced by public health organisations and by tobacco companies. Reactions were examined as a function of the message type as well as the respondents9 demographics and smoking status. Design: A 1999 telephone survey of teenagers in households identified during a random digit dial survey of adults conducted during the prior four years. Respondents were asked to describe an ad they had seen in the past 30 days, and then to rate its perceived effectiveness. Participants: Respondents were 733 youth between the ages of 14 and 17 years. Intervention: The most prominent anti-tobacco advertisements broadcast in Massachusetts during the time covered by the survey consisted of those produced by the Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program and those produced by the Philip Morris tobacco company. The ads described by respondents were grouped into four categories based on their sponsor and their approach. Main outcome measures: Perceived effectiveness of anti-tobacco advertisements seen during the month before the survey as measured on an 11 point scale. Results: Ads featuring the serious consequences of smoking were seen as significantly more effective by youth than both Massachusetts ads that did not discuss illness (p Conclusion: Youth prevention programmes should not shy away from anti-tobacco ads that feature the serious consequences of smoking. These types of ads are the ones perceived as most effective by teenagers regardless of their smoking status, age, sex or ethnicity.
Highly efficient coupling to photonic crystal waveguides from optical fiber tapers

Nearly-complete mode-selective coupling from an optical fiber taper to a photonic crystal defect waveguide is demonstrated experimentally. We observe 95% power transfer with a 20 nm bandwidth and a coupling length less then 65 /spl mu/m.
Imaging of liver metastases: MRI

Metastases are the most common malignant liver lesions and the most common indication for hepatic imaging. Specific characterization of liver metastases in patients with primary non-hepatic tumors is crucial to avoid unnecessary diagnostic work-up for incidental benign liver lesions. Magnetic resonance (MR) is rapidly emerging as the imaging modality of choice for detection and characterization of liver lesions due to the high specificity resulting from optimal lesion-to-liver contrast and no radiation exposure. Improvements in breath-hold T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient echo and rapid T2-weighted single shot echo-train acquisition enable imaging of the liver in a single breath-hold with high spatial resolution. Most metastases are hypo- to isointense on T1 and iso- to hyperintense on T2-weighted images. MR contrast agents provide critical tumor characterization and can be safely used in patients with iodine contrast allergy and renal failure. Other agents, including newly developing gadolinium-chelates or iron oxide agents may provide additional benefits in selected applications. The degree and nature of tumor vascularity form the basis for liver lesion characterization based on enhancement properties. Liver metastases may be hypovascular or hypervascular. Colon, lung, breast and gastric carcinomas are the most common tumors causing hypovascular liver metastases, and typically show perilesional enhancement. Neuroendocrine tumors including carcinoid and islet cell tumors, renal cell carcinoma, breast, melanoma, and thyroid carcinoma are tumors most commonly causing hypervascular hepatic metastases, which may develop early enhancement with variable degrees of washout and peripheral rim enhancement.
Interpreting psychological notions: A dual-process computational theory

Abstract The distinction between implicit versus explicit processes (or “intuitive” versus “reflective” thinking) is arguably one of the most important distinctions in cognitive science. Given that there has been a great deal of research on explicit processes (“reflective” thinking), it is important in studying the human mind to consider implicit processes, treating them as an integral part of human thinking. A cognitive architecture (a comprehensive computational theory) may be used to address, in a mechanistic and process-based sense, issues related to the two types of processes (including their relation, interaction, and competition) and their relevance to social and organizational research.
Diet Knowledge and Actual Consumption of Food By Individuals Who Participated in Diet/Health Survey of CSFII-1989.

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: Will be able to compare the adequacy of diets of U. S. population as related to their diet knowledge level and age. The CSFII-1989 data on 1,505 individuals, who responded to the Diet/Health Knowledge Survey and had 2-day food intakes, were used. The mean age was 43.7 yrs (20–90 yrs); 51% were female, and 80% were Caucasians and 12.5% African-Americans. Weighted sample means were analyzed by ANOVA with Fisher's PLSD test. Ages were grouped into Young (20–24 yrs; n=313), Young-adult (25–50 yrs; n=598), Older-adult (51–64 yrs; n=272) and Elder (65–90 yrs; n=322). Mean intakes for all nutrients, except energy, Ca, Mg, Zn, and vit. B6 & E, exceeded the RDA. Correct response rates on the recommended daily servings for all 5 food groups were highest for Young and lowest for Elder. The correct response ranged 3–13% for grains, 38–70% for vegetables, 45–68% for meats, 60–87% for milk/cheese, and 78–98% for fruits. Young group had better knowledge on the recommended servings, but consumed only 35%, 56%, 65% and 81% of recommended fruits, vegetables, grains and meats, respectively, the lowest among all age groups; they exceeded only in intake of milk/cheese, at the level of 71%. Young-adult consumed most for meats and grains, 114% and 81% of recommendation; for vegetables, Older-adult consumed most at 92% of recommended amount. For each food group, those with a correct response consumed more servings (p
How can the results of silicon debug justify the investment in design-for- debug infrastructure?

Industry data shows that over 60% of complex chip design projects do require one or more respins. Silicon debug is becoming one of the time-consuming stages in the creation of a new SoC, taking up to a third of the development cycle. Design-for-Debug (DFD) features are inserted in to designs to provide observability and added controllability of device operation to simplify and speed up the silicon debug process. DFD features include more established features like scan, clock control, control for RAMs and I/Os, and debug busses. The newer emerging features include specialized and /or reconfigurable on-chip instrumentation, on-chip logic analyzers, on-chip assertions, event injectors and determinism counters. With more functionality added to SoCs / SiPs with complex multi-core processors, graphics engines, complex communication infrastructure and many hard-wired functions, the debug problem is getting harder. The panel will address the challenges and potential future direction, and use results of silicon debug (both success and horror stories) where possible to analyze the corresponding trade-offs between costs including design costs (area/delay), resources, and design effort versus benefits (time-to-market and avoiding respins). The panelists who represent fabless design companies, IDMs, IP integrators, companies with exclusively in-house IP and debug infrastructure providers will debate the following questions. 2. Key Questions and Topics for Discussion
Time-domain modeling of batching under user interaction and dynamic adaptive piggybacking schemes

Provision of Video-on-Demand services requires sustained periods of high bandwidth network and server capacity. Aggregation schemes can be used to increase the supported customer population under the constraints of this resource. To this end, a number of aggregation algorithms have been proposed. However, the approaches are difficult to test in the large scale, and model due to system behavioral complexity. This situation is exacerbated by the modeling of customer interactions. Therefore, we explore a new technique for modeling such scenarios by using time domain analysis. By this we refer to the process of estimation of system characteristics such as the average number of channels used, average number of customers, etc., as a function of time. In this paper, we show that time domain modeling of two VoD aggregation schemes is analogous to finding the time response of linear systems using the well known convolution theorem. We model two aggregation schemes using this technique: (1) Batching by time- out and (2) Adaptive Piggybacking employing Snapshot-RSMA (1, 2, 3). We delineate the requirements of the VoD system under which this technique can be employed and show that it yields highly satisfactory estimation results. We also propose a sampling methodology which gives good estimation results when the modeling of the aggregation scheme is mathematically too complex.
The Volume of Foreign Trade and the Level of Income

I. Introduction: the problems, 285. — II. The assumptions, 286. — III. Symbolic version, 289. — IV. Graphic presentation, 293. — V. The case of a tariff, 294. — VI. Analysis in terms of money flows, 301. — VII. Comparison with self-help schemes for the unemployed, 302. — VIII. The reasoning applied to two cases: exchange depreciation, 303; a dollar shortage, 305. — IX. Conclusions, 309.
Morphine tolerance does not develop in mice treated with endothelin-A receptor antagonists.

Abstract Long-term use of morphine leads to development of antinociceptive tolerance. We provide evidence that central endothelin (ET) mechanisms are involved in development of morphine tolerance. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ET A receptor antagonists, BQ123 and BMS182874, on morphine antinociception and tolerance in mice. Mechanism of interaction of ET A receptor antagonists with morphine was investigated. BQ123 (3 μg, i.c.v.) and BMS182874 (50 μg, i.c.v.) significantly enhanced antinociceptive effect of morphine ( P A receptor antagonists did not bind directly to opioid receptors. [ 35 S]GTPγS binding was stimulated by morphine and ET-1 in non-tolerant mice. Morphine- and ET-1-induced GTP stimulation was significantly lower ( P P A antagonists promote coupling of G protein to its receptors, thereby restoring antinociceptive effect. These findings indicate that ET A receptor antagonists potentiate morphine antinociception and reverse antinociceptive tolerance in mice, through their ability to couple G proteins to opioid receptors.
Localization of carboxyl groups in gastric mucosa as possible sites of gastrin

Human and pig gastrins contain a sequence of five consecutive glutamic acid residues. An attempt was made to localize gastrin using methods known or assumed to operate on a carboxyl mechanism. General methods for acidic groups were combined with selective blocking (methylation) and unblocking (saponification) methods to increase COOH specificity. Epithelial cells with weakly metachromatic granules could be identified in untreated sections stained with toluidine blue (pH 5). After prolonged methylation and saponification, the same and previously obscured cells were moderately to intensely metachromatic, this residual basophilia attributable to weak COOH groups. Specifically marked metachromatic cells were iron-positive after colloidal iron staining, but were delineated easily only after methylation-saponification. Metachromatic cells were also clearly demonstrated by the carboxyl method of Barrnett and Seligman and by silver impregnation (pH 5). The granular metachromatic cell demonstrated by these methods contains significant amounts of a weakly acidic component which the Barrnett-Seligman reaction indicates to be glutamic acid. Comparable staining results were obtained with gastrin producing Zollinger-Ellison islet cell adenomas. It is postulated that the COOH-rich substance is gastrin or gastrin precursor and that the metachromatic cell is responsible for its production.
Hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) Klebsiella pneumoniae: A new and dangerous breed

A new hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) variant of Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged. First described in the Asian Pacific Rim, it now increasingly recognized in Western countries. Defining clinical features are the ability to cause serious, life-threatening community-acquired infection in younger healthy hosts, including liver abscess, pneumonia, meningitis and endophthalmitis and the ability to metastatically spread, an unusual feature for enteric Gram-negative bacilli in the non-immunocompromised. Despite infecting a healthier population, significant morbidity and mortality occurs. Although epidemiologic features are still being defined, colonization, particularly intestinal colonization, appears to be a critical step leading to infection. However the route of entry remains unclear. The majority of cases described to date are in Asians, raising the issue of a genetic predisposition vs. geospecific strain acquisition. The traits that enhance its virulence when compared with "classical" K. pneumoniae are the ability to more efficiently acquire iron and perhaps an increase in capsule production, which confers the hypermucoviscous phenotype. An objective diagnostic test suitable for routine use in the clinical microbiology laboratory is needed. If/when these strains become increasingly resistant to antimicrobials, we will be faced with a frightening clinical scenario.
High Times, Low Sats: Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates Associated with Chronic Synthetic Cannabinoid Use

Introduction In recent years, cases of severe adverse effects from recreational use of synthetic cannabinoids (SC) have established that these agents represent a novel toxicologic hazard.
Effect of clonidine on the noradrenergic cyclic AMP generating system in the limbic forebrain and on medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation behavior

The present results show that clonidine does not mimic the agonist action of norepinephrine (NE) on the noradrenergic cyclic AMP generating system of the limbic forebrain, but antagonizes the stimulatory effect of NE while not influencing the action of isoprenaline. In self-stimulation behavior, clonidine decreases responding and blocks the facilitation caused by d-amphetamine.
Adverse Selection and Inertia in Health Insurance Markets: When Nudging Hurts

This paper investigates consumer inertia in health insurance markets, where adverse selection is a potential concern. We leverage a major change to insurance provision that occurred at a large firm to identify substantial inertia, and develop and estimate a choice model that also quantifies risk preferences and ex ante health risk. We use these estimates to study the impact of policies that nudge consumers toward better decisions by reducing inertia. When aggregated, these improved individual-level choices substantially exacerbate adverse selection in our setting, leading to an overall reduction in welfare that doubles the existing welfare loss from adverse selection. (JEL D82, G22, I13) A number of potential impediments stand in the way of efficient health insur ance markets. The most noted of these is adverse selection, first studied by Akerlof (1970) and Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976). In insurance markets, prices reflect the expected risk (costs) of the insured pool. Whether the reason is price regulation or private information, when insurers cannot price all risk characteristics riskier consumers choose more comprehensive health plans. This causes the equilibrium prices of these plans to rise and healthier enrollees to select less comprehensive coverage than they would otherwise prefer.
Hydration of Amino Acid Side Chains: Nonpolar and Electrostatic Contributions Calculated from Staged Molecular Dynamics Free Energy Simulations with Explicit Water Molecules

A staged protocol for performing molecular dynamics solvation free energy simulations is described. The solvation free energy is expressed in terms of nonpolar and electrostatic contributions, and the nonpolar contribution is further decomposed into repulsive and dispersive contributions using the Weeks, Chandler, and Andersen (WCA) scheme of separating the repulsive and attractive parts in the Lennard-Jones potential. To achieve precise and stable results in the free energy perturbation simulations, the contribution to the free energy from the repulsive part of the potential is computed in multiple stages via a soft-core transformation, whereas a linear coupling scheme is used for both the electrostatic and dispersive contributions. To reduce the computational effort, the free energy simulations are carried out with a small number of explicit solvent water molecules near the solute, whereas the influence of the remaining bulk solvent is represented implicitly in terms of an effective solvent boundary pot...
Surface changes on LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 particles during testing of high-power lithium-ion cells

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 particles from high-power lithium-ion cells were examined to determine material changes that result from accelerated aging tests. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) data indicated a LixNi1−xO-type layer on the particle surfaces. The greater thickness on particles from high-power fade cells indicate that these surface layers are a significant contributor to cathode impedance rise observed during cell tests.
Interpreting a Community of Practice Perspective in Discipline-Specific Professional Development in Higher Education

Through this study we explored a community of practice framework applied to faculty professional development at a mid-size state university in order to examine the issues unique to discipline-specific professional development in higher education. Through content-focused professional development activities conducted by the authors, several key areas were identified that point to challenges in building a faculty community of teaching practice: (a) the need for a culture of professional development, (b) developing old-timers and recruiting newcomers, (c) the need for teaching scholars to coordinate professional development, (d) challenging the “culture of service”, and (e) the need for a language to mediate thinking about practice.
Stage II endometrial carcinoma: 10-year follow-up of combined radiation and surgical treatment

Abstract Fifty-five patients with histologically confirmed stage II adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri were treated with combined radiation therapy and surgery and followed for 2 to 10 years. The overall survival at 5 and 10 years is 75 and 56%, respectively; the age-adjusted survival is 93 and 73%, respectively. Disease-free survival is 88% at 2 years and 83% at both 5 and 10 years. Although 10 patients (18%) failed treatment, each local pelvic recurrence was accompanied by dissemination elsewhere. Histological grade and extent of involvement of the uterine cervix at time of examination under anesthesia are statistically significant prognostic factors. Age, depth of uterine sounding, and depth of myometrial invasion by tumor were not of prognostic value. We conclude that combined preoperative external beam and intracavity radiation with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the preferred treatment for stage II endometrial carcinoma ecause of the excellent survival and low morbidity. Furthermore, both histologic grade and extent of cervical involvement predict the natural history of stage II disease.
Asymptotic Behavior Near Transition Fronts for Equations of Generalized Cahn Hilliard Form

We consider the asymptotic behavior of perturbations of standing wave solutions arising in evolutionary PDE of generalized Cahn–Hilliard form in one space dimension. Such equations are well known to arise in the study of spinodal decomposition, a phenomenon in which the rapid cooling of a homogeneously mixed binary alloy causes separation to occur, resolving the mixture into its two components with their concentrations separated by sharp transition layers. Motivated by work of Bricmont, Kupiainen, and Taskinen [5], we regard the study of standing waves as an interesting step toward understanding the dynamics of these transitions. A critical feature of the Cahn–Hilliard equation is that the linear operator that arises upon linearization of the equation about a standing wave solution has essential spectrum extending onto the imaginary axis, a feature that is known to complicate the step from spectral to nonlinear stability. Under the assumption of spectral stability, described in terms of an appropriate Evans function, we develop detailed asymptotics for perturbations from standing wave solutions, establishing phase-asymptotic orbital stability for initial perturbations decaying with appropriate algebraic rate.
Norms for words that rhyme

The use of rhyme in learning/memory and cognitive studies is extensive. However, there are very few normative studies for words that rhyme. The current study rectified this problem by collecting rhyme norms for 477 words from 545 subjects. Groups of subjects were given 40 words in serial order and requested, for each word, to generate as many rhymes as possible within a 30-sec interval. The data include several rhyme measures as well as measures of other word attributes that were taken from other sources. In addition, the rhyme responses to the target words were given along with their Thomdike and Lorge (1944) and Kucera and Francis (1967) normative frequencies. Finally, the data were used to investigate various relationships including the spew hypothesis and the accessibility of rhyme sets.
Cargo Can Modulate COPII Vesicle Formation from the Endoplasmic Reticulum

The COPII coat complex found on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived vesicles plays a critical role in cargo selection. We now address the potential role of biosynthetic cargo in modulating COPII coat assembly and vesicle budding. The ER accumulation of vesicular stomatitis glycoprotein (VSV-G), a transmembrane protein, or the soluble PiZ variant of α1-antitrypsin, reduced levels of general COPII vesicle formation in vivo. Consistent with this result, conditions that prevent the export of VSV-G from the ER led to a significant inhibition of general COPII vesicle budding from ER microsomes and the export of an endogenous recycling protein p58in vitro. In contrast, synchronized export of VSV-G stimulated COPII vesicle budding both in vivo and in vitro. Under conditions where VSV-G is retained in the ER, we find that it can to be recovered in pre-budding complexes containing COPII components. These results suggest that the export of biosynthetic cargo is integrated with ER functions involved in protein folding and oligomerization. The ability of biosynthetic cargo to prevent or enhance ER export suggests that interactions of cargo with the COPII machinery contribute to the formation of vesicles budding from the ER.
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of thymidine kinase activity in human serum by monitoring the conversion of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine to 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine monophosphate.

Abstract Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis whose activity in serum is indicative of tumor proliferation and the severity of blood malignancies. 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine (FLT), a specific exogenous substrate for TK1, is phosphorylated by TK1 in the presence of a phosphorylating buffer, therefore the conversion of FLT to 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine monophosphate (FLT-MP) can be measured to assess serum TK1 activity. Here we describe a liquid chromatography–MS/MS (LC–MS/MS) method for quantification of FLT and FLT-MP from serum using protein precipitation and column switching followed by detection on an Applied Biosystems SCIEX API 4000 QTrap mass spectrometer. The method was linear over the range of 0.5–500 ng/mL for FLT and 2.5–2000 ng/mL for FLT-MP with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.9964 and 0.9935 for FLT and FLT-MP, respectively. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL for FLT and 2.5 ng/mL for FLT-MP. Intra-assay accuracy and inter-assay accuracy was within ±12% for both FLT and FLT-MP. Intra-assay precision was 2.8% to 7.7% for FLT and 3.3% to 5.8% for FLT-MP. Inter-assay precision was 4.6% to 14.9% for FLT and 4.9% to 14.6% for FLT-MP. Serum TK1 activity was measured in serum from hepatocellular carcinoma patients and age-matched controls under standardized conditions. Elevated TK1 activity was detected in 26.3% of hepatocellular carcinoma samples compared to controls. This method provides a robust alternative to radiometric and immunochemical assays of serum TK1 activity.
Modeling impact ejecta plume evolution: A comparison to laboratory studies

This study demonstrates the efficacy of a recently developed, impact crater“excavation flow properties model” (EFPM) that accomplishes the following goals:(1) uses hydrodynamic streamline theory to develop the expressions that extend theclassic impact ejecta scaling relationships into regions near the crater rim, wheretarget strength and/or gravity bring crater excavation flow to a halt; (2) links this new,general ejecta position/velocity scaling relationship to the existing general cratersize/volume scaling relationship, including the transition region between gravity‐ andstrength‐dominated cratering; (3) provides a means for estimating impact ejecta plumemass‐density and ejecta blanket thickness, as a function of azimuth and distance from theimpact site, in conditions ranging from low to high target strength; and (4) brings inour experimentally derived knowledge of impact ejection angles and the effects of obliqueimpact to develop a useful 2‐D and 3‐D model of both leading‐edge and trailing‐edgeejecta plume behavior. In this work, this excavation flow properties model is used tosimulate the images and data produced by three laboratory impact studies which utilizedmodern, laser‐based, non‐intrusive means to investigate ejecta plume formation,expansion, and fallout from three different perspectives.
Does blood transfusion predispose to cancer recurrence

Retrospective studies of the relationship between perioperative blood transfusion and cancer recurrence are reviewed. Control for variables related to blood transfusion and potentially affecting disease recurrence--anemia, blood loss, duration of surgery, magnitude of the procedure, and stage of disease--was notably absent from the majority of studies. None of the negative studies had sufficient number of both transfused and untransfused patients to answer the question with statistical validity. No consensus emerged regarding the significance of blood transfusion for the cancer patient and no recommendations concerning the use of blood in patients with malignancies are justified on the basis of these studies.
Thermal evolution of alkoxy-dertved “glass-like” transparent zirconia gel**

“Glass-like” transparent zirconia gel prepared by controlled hydrolysis of zirconium propoxide was substantially freed from organics by treatment with hydrogen peroxide and, subsequently, subjected to heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 °C. The heat treated gel was characterized for its color, crystallinity and crystallite size. The crystallization behavior of the gel was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the gel heated at 400 °C contained purely the tetragonal phase, above 400 °C a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic phases was present, wheras at 800 °C only the monoclinic phase was present. The mean average crystallite size after heat treatment in the 400 to 800 °C temperature range was of the order of 115 A. It has been suggested that appearance of the tetragonal phase during heat treatment of the gel at low temperatures might be related to its molecular structural configuration and crystal growth characteristics to the presence of porosity in the gel structure.
The Development of Solid Phase Regrowth on GaAs and its applications

A solid phase regrowth process on GaAs has been observed in Pd- and Ni- based bi-layer structures, e.g. the Si/Ni, the Ge/Pd, the In/Pd, and the Sb/Pd structures. Due to the regrowth, uniform epitaxial layers of Ge, GaAs, InxGal-xAs, and GaSbl-xAsx on GaAs substrates by solid phase reactions can achieved. The model of this regrowth process will be presented. Based on this regrowth mechanism, a series of non-spiking planar ohmic contacts on n and p type GaAs have been developed. Low contact resistivity in the range of mid 10−7 Ω-cm2 was obtained. The ohmic contact formation mechanism of these contacts will also be discussed. All the studies suggest that the ohmic behavior is a result of the formation of an n+ or p+ surface layer via solid phase reactions. The regrowth process has also been utilized to achieve compositional disordering of GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices, and low loss AlGaAs/GaAs waveguide has been obtained.
Genetic selection strategies--population genetics

This paper provides an overview of the association between population genetics and selection strategies in poultry. Relationships between artificial and natural selection and among causes contributing to limits to artificial selection are discussed. Homeostasis and resource allocations at the individual and at the population level are reviewed. Examples from poultry demonstrate where human intervention has circumvented biological limits. Lastly, this paper considers the role of population genetics in future breeding strategies for poultry.
Factors Related to Flavor Stability of Foam-Dried Milk. II. Effect of Heating Milk Prior to Drying

Summary The flavor of stored samples of vacuum foam-dried whole milk powders made from milk heated prior to drying was determined organoleptically. Heating milk at 165F for 30min, 170F for 6min, and 195F for 15sec effectively stabilized the flavor of air-packed samples during six months of storage at 80F. These treatments had little or no effect on the flavor stability of samples packed in nitrogen containing either 1.0 or 0.1% oxygen. As oxidative deterioration during storage was checked by heat treatments in excess of pasteurization requirements, increased cooked flavor in and staling of the dried products was noted.
UK-18,892: Resistance to Modification by Aminoglycoside-Inactivating Enzymes

UK-18,892, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside, was active against bacteria possessing aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes, with the exception of some known to possess AAC(6') or AAD(4') enzymes. This activity has been rationalized by using cell-free extracts of bacteria containing known inactivating enzymes, where it was shown that UK-18,892 was not a substrate for the APH(3'), AAD(2''), AAC(3), and AAC(2') enzymes. It was also demonstrated that UK-18,892 protected mice against lethal infections caused by organisms possessing aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes.
Ethanol production from supercritical-fluid-extrusion cooked sorghum

Abstract Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ) is a starch-rich grain similar to maize ( Zea mays L.), but sorghum has been underutilized for biobased products and bioenergy. This study was designed to investigate the effects of supercritical-fluid-extrusion (SCFX) of sorghum on ethanol production. Morphology, chemical composition, and thermal properties of extruded sorghum were characterized. Analysis of extruded sorghum showed increased measurable starch content, free sugar content, and high levels of gelatinized starch. SCFX cooked and non-extruded sorghum were further liquefied, saccharified, and fermented to ethanol by using Saccharomyces cervisiae . The ethanol yield increased as sorghum concentration increased from 20 to 40% for both extruded and non-extruded sorghum. Ethanol yields from SCFX cooked sorghum were significantly greater than that from non-extruded sorghum (>5%).
Dynamic features of closed combustion systems

A rational approach to dynamic features of closed combustion systems is of direct relevance to the interpretation of exothermic processes in enclosures, such as the cylinders of piston engines, as objects of control. For this purpose they have to be expressed in terms of non-linear dynamics. The paper presents a method developed in this respect on the basis of the principles of thermostatics and kinetics, supported by heat transfer. The dynamic stage of combustion, manifested by monotonic pressure augmentation, is then carved out of the whole by separating it from the initial stage of ignition and the final stage of decay. Formulated thereupon is an inverse problem: the determination of the dynamic properties of the exothermic process, in terms of the history of fuel consumption, from a measured pressure profile. Particularly instrumental in this respect are: (1) the life function expressing these variables in analytic form, and (2) the correlation, deduced from heat transfer studies, permitting the energy lost by heat transfer to the walls to be evaluated from pressure records. The implementation of the method is illustrated by a diagnosis of the effectiveness with which the exothermic process of combustion is executed in piston engines.
Effects of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 on Children's Development

In-depth study of the human genome holds the potential to provide needed focus on genetic disorders that affect hundreds of thousands of children and significantly affect their development. Neurofibromatosis Type-1 (NF-1) is one of the most common genetic disorders that affect neurological, cognitive, social, and physical development. NF-1 affects all racial groups and both genders equally. NF-1 occurs in about 1 in 2,500 to 3,300 individuals in the population. The incidence rate at birth is about 0.0004 births in the United States and is growing in prevalence. Children with NF-1 experience a range of psychomotor and cognitive impairments that affect the quality of their social lives and their learning and academic achievements. Interventions to address the psychosocial and educational needs of children with NF-1 include a range of social and academic support services, which are most effective when they are comprehensive, involve a multidisciplinary team of educational and health experts, and include a focus on supporting and empowering family members to be effective caregivers. Efforts to address the needs of children with NF-1 and to provide adequate support to their families have significant policy implications for local, state, and federal officials.
An RNA mystery and its denouement.

My graduate student Regina Vidaver and I published the first article in the second issue of RNA in April 1995. Our paper reported a surprising property of human U6 RNA that provides insight into mechanisms for modulating the stability of RNA–RNA complexes. That article represents the mid-point in my career in RNA science so far. Below I describe what led up to that article, and very briefly consider how things have changed since it was published.
Solution of Hartree-Fock equations in coordinate space for axially symmetric nuclei

Abstract As an alternative to the conventional deformed harmonic oscillator basis expansion, a method is developed in which the coupled integro-differential Hartree-Fock equations are solved directly in coordinate space for a simple effective interaction. The single particle wave functions are obtained on a finite mesh by minimizing a discretized energy functional and solving the resulting finite difference equations using the Lanczos algorithm. Expressions to correct the total energy to second order in the mesh spacing are derived, and the accuracy of the method is demonstrated by numerical comparison with spherical results. Applications and advantages of this new technique are briefly discussed.
Dynamic scaling of the submonolayer island size distribution during self-assembled monolayer growth

In situ atomic force microscope observations of the formation of octadecylphosphonic acid monolayers, deposited from solution onto mica, indicate that growth proceeds via the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of densely packed submonolayer islands of adsorbate molecules. Three regimes are observed: (1) an initial growth regime where nucleation of new islands is significant, (2) an aggregation regime where nucleation essentially stops and existing islands grow, and (3) a coalescence regime where individual islands merge, resulting in fewer islands. In analogy with vapor phase thin-film deposition (such as molecular-beam epitaxy) the island size distribution in the aggregation regime is predicted to show dynamic scaling behavior, indicating that at a given time, only one length scale is present. We explicitly verify this dynamic scaling assumption, showing that the island size distributions, over a range of surface coverage from 0.06--0.17, can be collapsed into a single dimensionless distribution function by the theoretically predicted scaling relationships. The shape of this distribution function implies that Ostwald ripening is not a significant factor and that the critical nucleus is \ensuremath{\leqslant}2 molecules.
“Suppose that Tonight, While You're Asleep, a Miracle Happens:” Pragmatic Solution-Focused Therapy for Substance Abuse

Solution-focused therapy (SFT), developed by Steve De Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg is a social constructivist model of brief therapy emphasizing the role of language in problem resolution (Nichols, 2008). Pichot, having studied and trained with De Shazer and Berg, has thoughtfully applied this approach to treating patients with significant substance abuse problems. Pichot's book, along with other newer approaches to substance abuse treatment such as motivational interviewing (Rollnick et al., 2007) and relapse prevention (Marlatt and Donovan, 2005), reflect a major shift in the field away from the disease model and an often confrontational treatment style, to a more collaborative, client-centered approach which downplays individual pathology.