cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Acute Limb Ischemia on Mortality in Patients Undergoing Femoral Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Abstract Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life saving modality increasingly used in the management cardiopulmonary failure. However, ECMO itself is not without major complications. Mortality remains high, and morbidity such as stroke, renal failure, and acute threatening limb ischemia (ALI) are common among surviving patients. We analyzed the effect of one of these complications, ALI, on the survival of patients receiving veno-arterial ECMO (VA ECMO) with femoral cannulation. Methods Patients with cardiopulmonary failure supported by VA ECMO inserted through femoral cannulation at two institutions from December 2010 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. Data were collected retrospectively. Our primary outcome was ALI and its effect on hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included six-month mortality, length of hospital stay, as well as other complications (stroke and renal failure) multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of ALI and hospital mortality. Results There were 71 patients included in this study. The overall VA ECMO hospital mortality was 53.5%. ALI was seen in 14 (19.7%) patients. Of these, four (5.6%) patients had fasciotomy, four patients (5.6%) had thrombectomy, and one underwent arterial repair (1.4%). Five additional patients (7.0%) with ALI expired and had no vascular intervention. None of the demographic and clinical characteristics significantly correlated with ALI except for stroke and renal failure requiring new onset hemodialysis (HD). The rate of hospital and 6-month mortality in patients with and without vascular complications were 78.6%, 92.3% and 47.4%, 57.4% respectively (p=0.042 and p=0.023). Multivariate analysis correlated hospital and six month mortality with ALI, stroke, and new onset HD. Conclusions ALI correlates with higher mortality in VA ECMO patients with femoral cannulation. Although, some of the contributing factors to mortality in these patients are related to the consequences of cardiopulmonary failure, strong efforts should be made to avoid ALI after femoral VA ECMO cannulation.
Voting on N-grams for Machine Translation System Combination

System combination exploits differences between machine translation systems to form a combined translation from several system outputs. Core to this process are features that reward n-gram matches between a candidate combination and each system output. Systems differ in performance at the n-gram level despite similar overall scores. We therefore advocate a new feature formulation: for each system and each small n, a feature counts n-gram matches between the system and candidate. We show post-evaluation improvement of 6.67 BLEU over the best system on NIST MT09 Arabic-English test data. Compared to a baseline system combination scheme from WMT 2009, we show improvement in the range of 1 BLEU point.
Clinical Applications of Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supports nearly all contemporary test construction and evaluation. Most of it happens behind the scenes, though, from the perspective of busy practitioners. Moreo...
2 – Limits and Derivatives

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights limits and derivatives in the study of calculus. The notion of a limit plays a central role in calculus and in modern mathematics. If L be a real number, and suppose that f(x) is defined on an open interval containing x0 but not necessarily at x0 itself, then, one can say that the limit as x approaches x0 of f(x) is L, written limx→x0 f(x) = L, if, whenever x gets close to x0 from either side with x ≠ x0, f(x) gets close to L. The chapter also discusses infinite limits and limits at infinity with several examples.
Predicting shareholder litigation on insider trading from financial text: An interpretable deep learning approach

Abstract The detrimental effects of insider trading on the financial markets and the economy are well documented. However, resource-constrained regulators face a great challenge in detecting insider trading and enforcing insider trading laws. We develop a text analytics framework that uses machine learning to predict ex-ante potentially opportunistic insider trading (using actual insider trading allegation by shareholders as the proxy) from corporate textual disclosures. Distinct from typical black-box neural network models, which have difficulty tracing a prediction back to key features, our approach combines the predictive power of deep learning with attention mechanisms to provide interpretability to the model. Further, our model utilizes representations from a business proximity network and incorporates the temporal variations of a firm’s financial disclosures. The empirical results offer new insights into insider trading and provide practical implications. Overall, we contribute to the literature by reconciling performance and interpretability in predictive analytics. Our study also informs the practice by proposing a new method for regulators to examine a large amount of text in order to monitor and predict financial misconduct.
Constancy of the cluster gas mass fraction in the Rh=ct Universe

The ratio of baryonic to dark matter densities is assumed to have remained constant throughout the formation of structure. With this, simulations show that the fraction fgas(z) of baryonic mass to ...
The interaction of color and luminance in stereoscopic vision.

Experiments are described using the random dot stereo patterns devised by Julesz, but substituting various colors and luminances for the usual black and white random squares. The ability to perceive the patterns in depth depends on a luminance difference between the colors used. If two colors are the same luminance, then depth is not perceived although each of the individual squares which make up the patterns is easily seen due to the color difference. This is true for any combination of different colors. If different colors are used for corresponding random squares between the left and right eye patterns, stereopsis is possible for all combinations of binocular rivalry in color, provided the luminance difference is large enough. Rivalry in luminance always precludes stereopsis, regardless of the colors involved.
Continuous Function Spaces

For any compact Hausdorff space K and any Banach space K , let C(K, X) be the space of all continuous X-valued functions on K with the norm $$ \left\| f \right\| = \mathop {\sup }\limits_{t \in K} \left\| {f(t)} \right\|_X . $$
A northern California Oncology Group randomized trial of single agent 5-FU vs. high-dose folinic acid + 5-FU vs. methotrexate + 5-FU + folinic acid in patients with disseminated measurable large bowel cancer.

Numerous Phase II and Phase III trials have demonstrated that combinations of folinic acid plus 5-FU or sequential methotrexate, 5-FU, folinic acid are effective treatments for patients with advanced carcinoma of the colon or rectum (1–10). In many of these studies the objective response rates in previously untreated patients were greater than 30%. These rates are in excess of those expected for treatment with 5-FU alone (11) suggesting that these combinations are more effective than 5-FU for treatment of patients with advanced colorectal carcinomas.
The synthesis and characteriztion of UTD-1: The first large pore zeolite based on a 14 membered ring system

Summary The high silica zeolite UTD-1 was prepared via a hydrothermal synthesis using bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) cobalt(III) hydroxide (2) and bis(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) cobalt(III) hydroxide (3) as a templates. The structure of UTD-1 consists of a one dimensional channel system where the pores are defined by elliptical 14 membered rings based on T atoms. Preliminary, adsorption and reactivity studies reflect the large pore (7.5 X 10 A) nature of this material.
Forgetting and Retrieval

1 Gross Anatomy and Connectivity of the Prefrontal Cortex 2 Interference and Memory Retrieval 3 Inhibition as a Cause of Forgetting 4 Prefrontal Cortex Contributions to Retrieval and Forgetting 5 Summary Keywords: episodic memory; declarative memory; explicit memory; remember; retroactive interference; proactive interference; retrieval competition; selection; inhibition; suppression; retrieval-induced forgetting; cognitive control; frontal lobe; ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; anterior cingulate cortex; fMRI
Fringe-Like Feature Construction: A Comparative Study and a Unifying Scheme

Abstract A class of concept learning algorithms CL augments standard similarity-based techniques by performing feature construction based on the SBL output. Three instances of this class—Pagallo and Haussler's FRINGE, Pagallo's extension Symmetric FRINGE (SymFringe) and a refinement DCFringe—use patterns at the fringe of a decision tree to guide their construction, but DCFringe uses limited construction of conjunction and disjunction. Experiments with small DNF and CNF concepts show that DCFringe outperforms both FRINGE and SymFringe, in terms of accuracy, conciseness, and efficiency. We discuss limitations of current methods, which leads to a feature construction approach based on a wider variety of patterns restricted by statistical measures and optional knowledge.
Predictors of early treatment discontinuation in patients enrolled on Phase I oncology trials

// David M. Hyman 1, 4, * , Anne A. Eaton 2, * , Mrinal M. Gounder 1, 4 , Erika G. Pamer 1 , Jasmine Pettiford 1 , Richard D. Carvajal 1, 4 , S. Percy Ivy 3 , Alexia Iasonos 2, 4 , David R. Spriggs 1, 4 1 Developmental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA 3 The National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA 4 Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: David M. Hyman, e-mail: hymand@mskcc.org Keywords: Phase I trials, Early Discontinuation, Drug Development Received: October 21, 2014 Accepted: December 11, 2014 Published: February 17, 2015 ABSTRACT Purpose Patients who do not complete one cycle of therapy on Phase I trials for reasons other than dose limiting toxicity (DLT) are considered inevaluable for toxicity and must be replaced. Methods Individual records from patients enrolled to NCI-sponsored Phase I trials activated between 2000 and 2010 were used. Early discontinuation was defined as the failure to begin cycle 2 for reasons other than a DLT during cycle 1. A multinomial logistic regression with a 3-level nominal outcome (early discontinuation, DLT during cycle 1, and continuation to cycle 2) was used with continuation to cycle 2 serving as the reference category. The final model was used to create two risk scores. An independent external cohort was used to validate these models. Results Data from 3079 patients on 127 Phase I trials were analyzed. ECOG performance status (1, ≥ 2, two-sided P = .0315 and P = .0007), creatinine clearance ( 2.5xULN, P = .0026), AST (>ULN, P = .0076), hemoglobin (<10 g/dL, P < .0001), albumin (<3.5 g/dL, P < .0001), and platelets (<400x10 9 /L, P = .0732) were predictors of early discontinuation. The c-index of the final model was 0.63. Conclusion Knowledge of risk factors for early treatment discontinuation in conjunction with clinical judgment can help guide Phase I patient selection.
On two applications of H -differentiability to optimization and complementarity problems

In a recent paper, Gowda and Ravindran (Algebraic univalence theorems for nonsmooth functions, Research Report, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250, March 15, 1998) introduced the concepts of H-differentiability and H-differential for a function f : Rn → Rn and showed that the Frechet derivative of a Frechet differentiable function, the Clarke generalized Jacobian of a locally Lipschitzian function, the Bouligand subdifferential of a semismooth function, and the C-differential of a C-differentiable function are particular instances of H-differentials. In this paper, we consider two applications of H-differentiability. In the first application, we derive a necessary optimality condition for a local minimum of an H-differentiable function. In the second application, we consider a nonlinear complementarity problem corresponding to an H-differentiable function f and show how, under appropriate conditions on an H-differential of f, minimizing a merit function corresponding to f leads to a solution of the nonlinear complementarity problem. These two applications were motivated by numerous studies carried out for C1, convex, locally Lipschitzian, and semismooth function by various researchers.
OR44 Evaluation of HLA typing ambiguity in the us registry

Aim As clinical matching definitions for transplantation evolve there is a need to quantify the degree of uncertainty in a typing result relative to a particular resolution target. We aimed to develop such a measure and then applied it to quantifying the improvement in typing resolution of the Be The Match® Registry since 1993. Methods We describe and apply a new typing ambiguity score, based on the likelihood of self-match which allows for comparison of HLA typings across different methods, data sets and populations. In order to compute the typing ambiguity score, we perform HLA genotype imputation on 14 million donors using high-resolution haplotype frequencies generated from unrelated donors from the National Marrow Donor Program database for 5 population categories. For this experiment the resolution target was 5-locus ARS exons with equivalent amino acid sequence. Results The Registry has seen an increasing trend in the score over time for all populations and all HLA loci, with the overall scores for recruitment typing rising from 0.31 in 1993 to 0.96 in 2015. Many discontinuities in scores coincide with changes in recruitment typing policy, such as the transition of HLA-A and B typing from serology to DNA, the start of sequence based typing, the inclusion of HLA-C and DQB1 at recruitment, etc. We find evidence that oligo-based kits were tuned to reduce typing ambiguity primarily for majority race/ethnic groups as European American donors generally had the most rapid increase in scores, while African American donors have the lowest scores and a slower increase in scores. Finally, we show that new recruitment HLA typing performed for the US registry today has very little ambiguity under the current standard of matching at HLA-A, C, B, DRB1, and DQB1, using the current laboratory methods that employ next-generation sequencing or sequence-based typing with panels of group-specific sequencing primers. Conclusion Our typing ambiguity score objectively measured the improvement in HLA typing within the US registry from 1993 to the current state of high-resolution typing. We next aim to assess ambiguity among global registries in BMDW. This method is general and can be applied to other loci (e.g. DPB1, DPA1, DQA1) other systems (KIR) and other definitions of allele (all-exons or full-gene).
Formation of Thiosulfate from Sulfite by Desulfovibrio vulgaris

Crude extracts of Desulfovibrio vulgaris reduced sulfite to sulfide. Ammonium sulfate fractionation of crude extracts separated a thiosulfate-forming system from sulfite- and thiosulfate-reductase activities. Further purification by sucrose density centrifugation separated the thiosulfate-forming system into two components, both of which were required for the reaction. In addition to these two components, cytochrome c3, ferredoxin, and hydrogenase were required to form thiosulfate from sulfite. By absorption spectra and from the effect of pH and substrate concentration, the ionic species acting as the substrate for thiosulfate-formation was concluded to be bisulfite.
Mutagenic effect of BUdR in diploid human fibroblasts.

Abstract It has only recently been possible to demonstrate the expected mutagenic effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) in heteroploid hamster cells in culture. We have now extended this observation to diploid human fibroblasts utilizing techniques adapted from the work of Albertini and DeMars on X-tay mutagenesis at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) locus in these cells. In four separate experiments, fibroblasts from a female donor were exposed to 500 μg/ml ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) or 3 μg/ml BUdR yielding survivals of 9% and 5%, respectively. After a 6-day expression period, survivors were plated in selection medium containing 0.3 μg/ml 8-azaguanine (8-AG). After 3–5 weeks, azaguanine-resistant colonies were isolated for characterization or stained for counting. The average spontaneous mutation rate/cell/generation was 0.6·10 −6 . The average induced mutation rates for EMS and BUdR were 7.8·10 −6 and 6.3·10 −6 /cell/generation, respectively. Similar results were obtained in two experiments with an additional fibroblast line. Mutant colonies isolated following BUdR treatment demonstrated from 1.4 to 61.5% of the HGPRT activity of the parental line and showed at least 8% Barr bodies, excluding the possibility of contamination by Lesch-Nyhan cells. This demonstration of a BUdR effect comparable to that of an alkylating agent or X-irradiation opens the study of mutation due to base-analog substitution in diploid human cells.
Stroke associated with infections including immunizations

Abstract Stroke in children and adolescents can be a complication of a central nervous sytem infection, such as bacterial meningitis, varicella zoster virus infection, human immunodeficiency virus infection, or tuberculous meningoencephalitis, or might complicate pharyngitis, pneumonia, a systemic viral illness, or sepsis. Rarely, stroke might be a complication of the varicella zoster vaccine. The clinical presentation of stroke associated with infection is similar to stroke attributable to other causes, but the diagnostic approach is different. A review of the pathophysiology, diagnostic studies, and treatment of infectious causes of stroke in children and adolescents is presented.
An in vitro study of the effects of methylprednisolone on lesioned and uninjured mammalian spinal neurons

Cultured spinal neurons were subjected to dendrite amputation 100 microns from the perikaryon and treated with methylprednisolone (MP). Survival was significantly increased by 30 micrograms/ml MP but not by 10, 20 or 60 micrograms/ml. Survival was reduced by 100 micrograms/ml MP. These results suggest: (1) MP protects neurons subjected to physical trauma, and (2) the effective dose range is very narrow. These findings may have implications for MP's observed bimodal effects in spinal cord injury.
Hyperleptinemia Is Required for the Development of Leptin Resistance

Leptin regulates body weight by signaling to the brain the availability of energy stored as fat. This negative feedback loop becomes disrupted in most obese individuals, resulting in a state known as leptin resistance. The physiological causes of leptin resistance remain poorly understood. Here we test the hypothesis that hyperleptinemia is required for the development of leptin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. We show that mice whose plasma leptin has been clamped to lean levels develop obesity in response to a high-fat diet, and the magnitude of this obesity is indistinguishable from wild-type controls. Yet these obese animals with constant low levels of plasma leptin remain highly sensitive to exogenous leptin even after long-term exposure to a high fat diet. This shows that dietary fats alone are insufficient to block the response to leptin. The data also suggest that hyperleptinemia itself can contribute to leptin resistance by downregulating cellular response to leptin as has been shown for other hormones.
Productivity improvements in software maintenance

Software maintenance is a complex topic largely ignored by information systems management, yet it is growing in importance. This paper identifies the major factors that impact software maintenance efforts from the perspective of a manager. Three classes of factors are identified: technological, administrative and behavioral. The paper surveys past research regarding the impact of these factors, and identifies those that may contribute to increased productivity. The paper also identifies areas that need further research.
AN INVESTIGATION OF ANTICYCLOGENESIS IN ALASKA

Abstract It is found that the Alaska-northwestern Canada region is the one of most frequent anticyclogenesis (equal to or greater than 7 mb/24 hr) on the northern hemisphere north of 40°N. Results are presented of a synoptic investigation of the predominant type of anticyclogenesis in Alaska. Certain features, that are common to the five cases investigated, are noted and then depicted in a model of anticyclogenesis. These features indicate that: (1) Strong warm-air advection occurs, prior to and during the period of anticyclogenesis, in the low and middle troposphere west of the locale of anticyclogenesis. A ridge aloft is associated with this warm-air advection. Ascending motions occur in the troposphere and lower stratosphere in this region of strong warm-air advection, and result in the appearance of cold air aloft (200 mb). (2) In the subsequent region of anticyclogenesis in Alaska, there is a pre-existing isolated region of cold air, or a trough of low temperature, in the low and middle troposphere p...
The evolution of the Bouvet triple junction: implications of its absolute motion

Abstract Consideration of the motion of the Bouvet triple junction with respect to a mantle reference frame yields important kinematic information which provides the basis for a model that explains the junction's cyclical changes. By utilizing Minster and Jordan's (1978) AM1–2 absolute poles of rotation for the African (AFRC), Antarctic (ANTA), and South American (SOAM) plates, we have located the locus along which relative velocity triangles are isosceles. Only along this “isosceles line” is the Ridge-Fault-Fault (RFF) configuration of the Bouvet triple junction stable. A RFF junction becomes unstable as it moves away from this line. Because the relative velocity triangle of the Bouvet is an obtuse isosceles triangle, the junction is prone to migrating at relatively fast velocities across the surface of the earth. Significant changes in the shape and orientation of the relative velocity triangle at the junction accompany its migration. Such changes upset the stability condition and may lead to configuration changes. A least squares algorithm is developed to quantify the geometric stability of any triple junction. Three linear equations of the form: J = a + bh involving two unknowns describe the triple junction velocity with respect to the linear constraints imposed by each boundary in velocity space. Only a stable junction yields a unique solution. Otherwise, the sum of the square of the residuals of a least squares regression may be taken as a measure of the degree of geometric instability. In the case of the Bouvet triple junction, on the isosceles locus both Ridge-Ridge-Ridge (RRR) and RFF configurations are compatible with the same velocity triangle. The stability of the RFF configuration is less affected by the small changes in the relative velocities which arise during junction migration than the RRR mode. This consideration may explain why the Bouvet prefers RFF when in the vicinity of the isosceles line. Prior to 31 m.y.B.P., a RRR version of the Bouvet triple junction migrated toward the isosceles line at a velocity of 14.7 km/m.y. at 373°. At 31 m.y.B.P. the junction was close to the isosceles line when it switched to an RFF junction. In RFF mode, the junction migrated away from the isosceles locus with a velocity of 5.8 km/m.y. at 157° until 12.5 m.y.B.P. when it reverted to RRR mode. During this episode, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) was extended 120 km in length and the Conrad and Bouvet paired transforms grew to their present length of 150 km. From 12.5 to 5 m.y.B.P., the MAR receded and the South American-Antarctica and the African-Antarctic ridges lengthened. At about 5 m.y.B.P. the junction interesected the isosceles line again, switched to RFF mode, and has been generating paired transforms until the present.
Information entropy analysis of seismicity of Umbria-Marche region (Central Italy)

We investigated by means of nonlinear tools the temporal distribution of 1983-2003 seismicity of the Umbria-Marche region, Central Italy, that was struck by a strong event (M=5.8) on 26 September 1997. Information entropy analysis has been performed over the full and the aftershock-depleted catalogue. We analysed the series of the interevent times between successive earthquakes and the series of their magnitudes. The time evolution of this measure shows a clear anomalous behaviour in correspondence with the stronger event, more evident in the full catalogue than in the aftershock-depleted one.
Investigation of factors affecting the thermal expansion of perfluoroelastomer seal materials

The high thermal expansion coefficient of perfluoroelastomer materials can cause problems with the design of adequate seal grooves to cover both high and low temperature operation. Variations in filler shape and proportions have been shown to have a significant effect on thermal expansion over part of the temperature range. This feature describes an investigation of relevant literature that has been compared with experimental verification.
Disorder-induced melting in nickel: implication to intergranular sulfur embrittlement

Abstract Why and how sulfur segregation leads to intergranular embrittlement of nickel has been investigated by a combination of Auger electron spectroscopy, slow-strain-rate tensile tests, ion-implantation, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry studies. Grain-boundary sulfur concentrations in dilute Ni–S alloys were systematically varied by time-controlled annealing of specimens at 625 °C. The critical sulfur concentration for 50% intergranular fracture of 15.5±3.4 at.% S was found to be, within experimental error, equal to the critical implant concentration of 14.2±3.3 at.% S required to induce 50% amorphization of single-crystal nickel during S + implantation at liquid nitrogen temperature. This suggests that segregation-induced intergranular embrittlement, like implantation-induced amorphization, may be a disorder-induced melting process, albeit one occurring locally at grain boundaries. In addition, a kinetic model for segregation-induced embrittlement based on Poisson statistics is introduced, and the synergistic effects of hydrogen–sulfur co-segregation on embrittlement are discussed.
Lower abdominal and pelvic pain with advanced pelvic organ prolapse: a case-control study

Objective The objective of the study was to compare the relative frequencies of pain in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Study Design This was an ancillary analysis of a case-control study investigating functional bowel disorders in women with and without POP. Cases were defined as subjects with stage 3 or 4 POP and controls were subjects with normal pelvic support. Results Women with POP were more likely to experience lower abdominal or pelvic pain that was significantly bothersome and interfered with daily activities (odds ratio [OR], 9.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.7–20.4). After controlling for confounders, women with prolapse were more likely to report pressure in the lower abdomen (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6–3.2), heaviness in the pelvic region (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.3–4.3), and pain in the lower abdomen (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.8–4.1). Conclusion Women with prolapse are more likely to report pain, pressure, or heaviness in the lower abdomen or pelvis compared with women with normal support.
Reduction of Ti(IV) alkyls in CabOSil surfaces

Abstract TiCl4 was reacted with the surface hydroxyls in two types of Cab-O-Sil. The reaction with annealed-Cab-O-Sil ( n = 1.4 OH /100 A 2 ) evolves 1 HCl Ti(IV) reacted. This Ti(IV) species was subsequently reacted with various alkyl aluminum compounds to form surface-bound Ti(IV) alkyls. Bimolecular reaction involving pairs of neighboring alkyls resulted in the reduction of Ti(IV) to lower valence species. Alkylation by Al(i-C4H9)3 and subsequent reduction are both rapid and quantitative at − 80 °. At 25 °, even Al(C2H5)Cl2 caused complete conversion of surface-bound titanium alkyls to Ti(III) species. The reaction of TiCl4 with rehydrated-Cab-O-Sil ( n = 4.6 OH /100 A 2 ) liberates 1.5 HCl Ti(IV) reacted. Subsequent treatment with Al(i-C4H9)3 caused the reduction of only about 45% of the surface-bound Ti(IV) species. These results are interpreted according to the known disposition of silanol groups in the surfaces of these materials.
Formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond in the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase

Adenine nucleotide translocase in electron transport particles or in H+-ATPase preparation from bovine heart mitochondria is capable of forming both inter- and intramolecular disulfide bridges upon reaction with copper-o-phenanthroline. We have examined the localisation of the intramolecular disulfide bridge in the protein chain by peptide fragmentation methods. The most likely position of the disulfide bridge is between cysteine 159 and 256, but the possibility of the presence of a second disulfide bridge formed between 129 and 256 cannot be ruled out. Our experimental results support the theoretical model proposed [(1982) FEBS Lett. 144, 250-254] for the topography of the translocase and provide a more accurate description of the arrangement of some of the hydrophilic segments in the molecule.
Perfusion sphincterometry Method of intraoperative evaluation of artificial urinary sphincter function

Abstract A simple clinical test which facilitates accurate, intraoperative evaluation of artificial urinary sphincter function without sophisticated urodynamic equipment is described.
Synthesis of an imidazolium-linked cyclophane from histamine

Abstract The synthesis and structural characterization of a dicationic imidazolium-linked cyclophane 7 is reported. In 7 , two imidazolium units that have histamine dihydrochloride as a precursor are bridged by two 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)-pyridine.
Specific heat and the lattice transformation in Nb3Sn

Abstract The specific heat anomaly associated with the tetragonal-cubic lattice transformation in Nb3Sn has been measured. Specific heat X-ray, and velocity of sound measurements on single crystal Nb3Sn cannot be reconciled within the framework of current theories of the transformation.
Activity-related extracellular potassium transients in the neonatal rat spinal cord: an in vitro study.

Abstract Transient increases and decreases in extracellular potassium (Δ[K + ] 0 ) were recorded from the gray matter of hemisected, neonatal rat spinal cords isolated from 3, 4, 9- and 10-day-old pups. Δ[K + ] 0 were evoked in both the ventral and dorsal regions of the gray matter by electrical stimulation. In the ventral horn, repetitive stimulation of the ventral root was required to elicit detectable Δ[K + ] 0 . By contrast, single dorsal root stimuli evoked clear Δ[K + ] 0 . In the dorsal horn, single orthodromic stimuli elicited Δ[K + ] 0 as large as 4–5 mM from a baseline of 4.5 mM. With repetitive stimulation the [K + ] 0 reached, but never exceeded, a ceiling of 10–11 mM. Undershoots were seen only after repetitive stimulation. Spontaneous Δ[K + ] 0 were observed in the ventral horn and were well correlated with ventral root activity. Spontaneous Δ[K + ] 0 were rare in the dorsal cord, but were recorded after bath application of apamin or tetraethylammonium. The magnitude and distribution of evoked K + transients and postsynaptic components of the evoked field potential were well correlated in both the dorsal and the ventral gray matter. Δ[K + ] 0 were reversibly blocked by 1 mMCdCl 2 in the bath and diminished by 1 mM BaCl 2 . Bath application of mephenesin, apamin or tetraethylammonium diminished evoked Δ[K + ] 0 in a stimulus-dependent manner. In apamin and tetraethylammonium, decreases from control responses were largest with high intensity stimulation, the opposite was the case with mephenesin. These results are interpreted in terms of the spinal circuits activated by high- and low-intensity electrical stimulation. We conclude that activity-related Δ[K + ] 0 in neonatal spinal cord are large enough to modulate neuronal electrical activity and the [K + ] 0 is well regulated compared to other immature CNS regions studied. Thus, local increases in [K + ] 0 may, by modulating neuronal activity, play a role in neonatal spinal cord developmental processes.
On a question concerning sharp bases

Abstract A sharp base B is a base such that whenever ( B i ) i ω is an injective sequence from B with x ∈ ⋂ i ω B i , then { ⋂ i n B i : n ω } is a base at x. Alleche, Arhangel'skiĭ and Calbrix asked: if X has a sharp base, must X × [ 0 , 1 ] have a sharp base? Good, Knight and Mohamad claimed to construct an example of a Tychonoff space P with a sharp base such that P × [ 0 , 1 ] does not have a sharp base. However, the space was not regular. We show how to modify the construction to make P Tychonoff.
Recent advances of novel targeted therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Targeted therapies have proven beneficial for patients suffering from a number of different malignancies, including cancers of the head and neck. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor has shown benefit in combination with radiation for untreated patients or as a single agent for patients with platinum resistant disease. Cetuximab is the only targeted agent currently approved by the Federal Drug Administration for the treatment of head and neck cancer. A number of other agents have shown promising initial results including intracellular tyrosine kinase inhibitors, agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, as well as other classes of novel therapies. Some of the data supporting the use of targeted therapy, including agents not yet approved in head and neck cancer, will be presented in this review. As our understanding of the cancer cell signaling pathways and novel targeted agents increases, the potential for treatment with reduced toxicity and improved clinical outcomes will become a reality.
Beauty and the yeast: compartmental organization of the secretory pathway.

Abstract Our perception of intracellular organelles and cellular architecture was initially based on striking light and electron micrographs of animal and plant cells. The high degree of compartmental organization within specalized mammalian secretory cells aided early efforts to track the movement of proteins through the organelles of the secretory pathway. In contrast, the morphological detail of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae appeared superficially simple, even primitive, by comparison with the higher eukaryotic cells. However, the combination of genetic tools and the development of assays reconstituting vesicular traffic in yeast have facilitated the identification and characterization of individual proteins that function in the secretory pathway. Analogies between the function of yeast and mammalian proteins in vesicular traffic are being drawn with increasing frequency. In this review, the combination of genetic, biochemical, molecular and cell biological approaches used to study compartmental organization in the yeast secretory pathway will be discussed. The rapid progress in our understanding of yeast membrane traffic has revealed the beauty of working with this organism.
Effects of indoleacetic acid on metabolic pathways.

Abstract An approach to the study of the effects of auxins on plant tissue during auxin-induced cell elongation has been made by following the incorporation, from various suitably labeled metabolites, of isotopic carbon into the varied cellular components. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) was found to have little or no effect on the rate of incorporation of the C14 of carboxyl-labeled amino acids (glycine and leucine) into the proteins of corn and Avena coleoptiles. Protein level remains constant in excised sections of these organs over periods of 6 hr. and longer, and is independent of the presence or absence of added growth substance. IAA was found to have a promotive effect on the rate of incorporation of the carbon of carboxyl-labeled acetate into the lipides of the Avena coleoptile although this effect is small compared to the effect of IAA on growth. Chromatography and radioautography of the soluble constituents of Avena coleoptile sections which had been previously supplied with either carboxyl-labeled acetate or uniformly labeled sucrose failed to reveal any major effect of IAA although the carbon of both substrates is rapidly converted to a variety of compounds in the plant. Indoleacetic acid slightly depresses the over-all rate of incorporation of the carbon of labeled acetate or sucrose into the components of the cell wall of the Avena coleoptile. This over-all depressant effect is compounded of a considerable increase in the rate with which the noncellulosic polysaccharides become labeled and lesser effects, generally inhibitory, on other components.
Comparing scores on the Stanford-Binet, Fourth Edition with the WISC-R for exceptional children.

Summary.-The purpose of the present study was to examine the performance of a sample of 19 exceptional children on both the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (Stanford-Binet IV) and the WISC-R. Construct valihty studies of the Stanford-Binet IV with the WISC-R have yielded results which provide only partial support for predictions derived from the theoretical model underlying this new measure. The results obtained for the naturally occurring sample of exceptional children indicate nonsignificant differences in performance between Stanford-Binet IV and WISC-R Full Scale IQ. As with prior studies, results provide only support for the predictions derived from the theoretical model. Explanatory hypotheses for the observed discrepancies are discussed. The Stanford-Binet IV represents a long awaited and much needed revision of the Stanford-Binet LM. While retaining many familiar item types and refining the adaptive testing approach, the Stanford-Binet IV differs substantially from its predecessor. One, if not its most, hstinguishing feature is the theoretical model of intelligence which guided its development (Thorndike, Hagen, & Sattler, 1986a). As with the Stanford-Binet LM, the Stanford-Binet IV was designed to provide a measure of "g" or general ability. However, this new measure, with its subtest, rather than age-level, structure, also yields four area scores: verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, abstract/visual reasoning, and short-term memory. From the theoretical model underlying the Stanford-Binet IV, Composite scores (Full Scale IQ) should correlate significantly with WISC-R Full Scale scores. In further examining the issue of construct validity, the authors made two additional predictions based on the theoretical model: (1) that the Stanford-Binet IV Verbal Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, and Short-term Memory Area scores would correlate more highly with the WISC-R Verbal Scale IQ and the Full Scale IQ than with the Performance Scale IQ, (2) that the Stanford-Binet IV Abstract/Visual Reasoning area scores would correlate more highly with WISC-R Performance IQ than WISC-R Verbal IQ. These predictions were only partially supported by the results of the authors' study conducted on 205 children in the nonexceptional sample (Thorndike, Hagen, & Sattler, 1986b). Similarly, the per
Adsorption of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene on carbon covered Pt(111): A temperature programmed desorption study

Abstract The desorption kinetics of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) absorbed on carbon covered Pt(111) have been investigated by temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy. No evidence for appreciable TNT decomposition on this surface was found. Molecular desorption kinetics at low coverage were shown to be first order, yielding an activation energy of 16.7 ±1 kcal/mol and a preexponential factor of 2.3×10 11 (×e ±0.5 ) s -1 . The significance of these results in understanding the performance of a commercial explosive vapor preconcentrator is discussed.
Inelastic-resonance quasiprojection operators

An explicit form of quasiprojection operator Q is given for theAn explicit form of quasiprojection operator Q is given for the calculation of resonances in the domain of inelastic scattering of electrons from atoms and atomic ions. This operator allows the calculation of the resonant spectrum through the diagonalization of QHQ with as many inelastic states projected out as desired. The technique gives rise to a limited number of spurious states, but they can be unambiguously identified and thus eliminated. The elimination procedure is illustrated in the case of three-electron (i.e., heliumlike target) ions whereby we explicitly determine the number of spurious states that arise in inelastic scattering below the 3 /sup 3/S state of the target.
Single-Phase Power Transformer Formed Cores

For many years power and distribution transformer cores were built of hot-rolled laminations assembled into a core structure. When cold-rolled, oriented strip steel was introduced into transformers, new types of distribution transformer cores were developed. These cores were of the wound type and utilized the magnetic properties of oriented steel very efficiently. Recently, a new type of single-phase power transformer core using oriented steel has been developed and put into production. A description of the design, manufacture, and characteristics of this new core is given. Power transformers with this type of core built by the General Electric Company are designated Spirakore transformers.
Direct dynamics simulations of O(3P) + HCl at hyperthermal collision energies.

The dynamics of the O(3P) + HCl reaction at hyperthermal collision energies were investigated using the quasiclassical trajectory method. Stationary points on the OClH 3A‘ ‘ and 3A‘ potential energy surfaces (PESs) were also examined. The lowest transition state leading to OCl + H on the 3A‘ ‘ surface is 2.26 eV above the reagents at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level of theory. This saddle point is bent and product-like. Direct dynamics calculations at the MP2/cc-pVTZ level of theory were used to investigate the excitation functions for OH + Cl, OCl + H, and O + H + Cl formation. OCl is formed mainly from small-impact-parameter collisions, and the OCl + H excitation function peaks around 5 eV, where it is similar in magnitude to the OH + Cl excitation function. The shape of the OCl + H excitation function is discussed, and features are identified that should be general to hyperthermal collision dynamics.
Perpendicular-Incidence Null Ellipsometry Of Surfaces With Arbitrary Anisotropy

Perpendicular-incidence ellipsometry (PIE) is considerably simpler, both analytically and in instrumentation, than oblique-incidence ellipsometry for the characterization of anisotropic surfaces and thin films. Here we describe how perpendicular-incidence null ellipsometry (PINE) can be used to completely determine the normalized reflection matrix, R = (rHyrvy, of a surface with arbitrary anisotropy. To separate the off-diagonal elements of the reflection matrix, a non-reciprocal optical element, e.g., a Faraday rotator, must be used. Instrumental data consist of azimuth angles of a linear polarizer and a linear (quarter-wave) retarder that produce four nulls, two nulls being acquired in the presence of a specific Faraday rotation, the other two in its absence. This extension makes possible the characterization by PIE of new optical surface anisotropies heretofore not considered, such as natural or induced surface optical activity and circular dichroism, or Kerr magneto-optic effects.
Comparison of modified Taguchi and Bricker ureteral reimplantation techniques after radical cystectomy

Abstract Objectives To present our experience with the modified Taguchi “single-stitch” ureteral reimplantation technique in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with urinary diversion compared with a traditional Bricker reimplantation technique. Improved techniques are continually sought for ureteroenteric anastomoses during urinary diversion. The modified Taguchi “single-stitch” ureteral reimplantation is reportedly a time-efficient technique that preserves anastomotic integrity. Methods We retrospectively examined 75 consecutive patients with bladder cancer who underwent cystectomy and urinary diversion between October 1, 1999 and March 31, 2001. The ureteroenteric anastomosis was performed using a reinforced single-stitch modified Taguchi technique in the first 36 patients and an interrupted two-layer Bricker technique in the subsequent 39 patients during the creation of 47 orthotopic neobladders and 28 ileal conduit diversions. Ureteral stents were not routinely used. The demographic and perioperative clinical parameters were evaluated in each cohort, with particular attention to ureteral complications. Results Modified Taguchi and Bricker ureteral anastomoses were performed in 48% and 52% of patients, respectively. Patient age, sex, and body mass indexes were similar between groups. Apart from pathologic stage, univariate analysis did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between the groups in the demographic, intraoperative (estimated blood loss, diversion type, operative time) or postoperative (length of stay, rate of complications) parameters. Ureteral complications occurred in 8% of the Bricker group and 15% of the modified Taguchi group (P = 0.23). Conclusions Either technique can be performed safely and in a timely fashion. However, the increased number of ureteral leaks in the modified Taguchi cohort combined with no advantage in procedure time, prompted our return to the Bricker technique exclusively.
Chromium catalysed silicon nitridation

Silicon powder compacts were fabricated with various amounts of chromium (0–5 at %) deposited onto the surface of the silicon powder by a solution-deposition process. These compacts were heated to several maximum temperatures in the range 1100–1250‡C in a flowing 10% H2/90% N2 atmosphere to evaluate the effect of the chromium content on the silicon nitridation. It was observed that silicon compacts containing 5 at % Cr were fully nitrided in approximately 3 h at 1150‡C, while less than 8% nitridation was achieved for pure-silicon compacts (with 0 at % Cr) compacts under the same conditions. Single-crystal silicon wafers with a 50 nm chromium layer were also nitrided; this provided a planar geometry, which facilitated our study of the catalysis mechanism. The rate-controlling process was shown to be first order, which may be indicative of a nucleation-and-growth mechanism, which is commonly observed for α-silicon-nitride formation. This work demonstrates the feasibility of producing reaction-bonded silicon nitride at low temperatures using chromium catalysis, and it indicates the potential for fabricating fibre-reinforced silicon-nitride composites containing thermally sensitive fibres.
Prophylactic use of chlorpromazine to improve survival of random skin flaps in pigs

On the basis of earlier success in rat studies, chlorpromazine was evaluated as a probable agent for improving survival of random skin flaps in pigs. The aim was to exclude the possibility that the effect of the chlorpromazine is species specific and to find out if it is dose dependent. One hundred and five dorsally-based 12×4 cm flaps were raised unilaterally on the backs of 15 pigs. The animals were divided into three groups using 15 mg/kg chlorpromazine, 7.5 mg/kg chlorpromazine, and a saline-treated control group. Flaps in the control group averaged 40.57±3.17% necrosis, while flaps in the 15 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg chlorpromazine-treated groups averaged 31.53±4.77% and 11.47±2.22% necrosis respectively. These results demonstrate dose dependent beneficial affects of chlorpromazine and the survival of random skin flaps in the pig. Although ideal dose levels are still to be determined, flap survival improved with the prophylactic use of chlorpromazine at the lower 7.5 mg/kg dosage.