cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perineuritis and ulcerative colitis

We describe the association of chronic polyneuropathy with ulcerative colitis. Electrophysiologic studies disclosed a severe neuropathy with both axonal and demyelinating features. The CSF protein content was 875 mg/dl. Sural nerve biopsy revealed perineuritis. Peripheral neuropathy with perineuritis may be an immunologically mediated extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis.
Design of interference fits via finite element method

Abstract Studies of interference fits in ring gear-wheel connections show that the traditional design method based on thick-wall cylinder theory has some limitations. Application of the finite element method (FEM) for the three-dimensional stress analysis of interference fitted connections gives more complete and accurate results than the traditional method. An improved design method utilizes two safety factors, λs and λp, providing a new approach for evaluating the quality of interference fits. A tolerancing method utilizing the Imax and Imin curves provides a quantitative guideline for interference fit design. The selective assembly method combined with the FEM-based method for interference fit design provides an effective approach to achieve more reliable interference-fitted connections and more precise assembly with lower manufacturing cost.
Destructive polyarthritis secondary to Mycobacterium kansasii.

A 42-year-old patient is reported in whom Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary infection preceded the development of arthritis secondary to hematogenous spread. Contributing factors included systemic lupus erythematosus and corticosteroid therapy. Further, we present evidence that in M. kansasii infections, pulmonary lesions may precede extrapulmonary disease; hematogenous spread of infection likely represents the route through which joint disease evolves; previous damage to the joint whether from intrinsic disease as in rheumatoid arthritis, or extrinsic disease as in trauma, may be necessary for the development of infectious arthritis; and lastly, dissemination often represents opportunistic infection in patients who are immunologically compromised.
Direct and indirect forms of non-suicidal self-injury: Evidence for a distinction

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) involves deliberate acts (such as cutting) that directly damage the body but occur without suicidal intent. However, other non-suicidal behaviors that involve people mistreating or abusing themselves but that do not deliberately and directly damage bodily tissue may have much in common with NSSI. Such 'indirect' methods of self-injury might include involvement in abusive relationships, substance abuse, risky or reckless behavior, or eating disordered behavior. Using a community sample (N=156) we compared individuals engaging in NSSI (n=50), indirect (non-suicidal) self-injurers (n=38), and healthy controls (n=68) on a range of clinical and personality characteristics. As predicted, non-suicidal self-injurers and indirect self-injurers showed more pathology than healthy controls on all measures. Comparisons of the NSSI and the Indirect self-injury groups revealed no significant differences on measures of dissociation, aggression, impulsivity, self-esteem, negative temperament, depressive symptoms, and borderline personality disorder. However, compared to people who engaged only in indirect forms of self-injury, those who engaged in NSSI were more self-critical, had higher scores on a measure of suicide proneness, and had a history of more suicide attempts. The findings suggest that NSSI and indirect self-injury are best viewed as separate and distinct clinical phenomena.
The Impact of Technology on Apparel Designer Training

The current and projected use of computerized design and production equipment in the apparel industry was assessed by surveying designers working for apparel manufacturers. The purpose was to determine if there is an accelerated acceptance of technology and what the implications are for apparel design education given changes in the industry. Comparisons were made between different sized companies (based on gross annual sales) and between companies producing different types of clothing. Designers were asked for recommendations on coursework and needed exposure to computerized equipment in designer training. Results show greatly increased use and projected use of computerized equipment particularly for design and pattern making equipment. Specifically, larger companies utilize computers across many different tasks while smallerfirms specializing in women's clothing are less likely to use computerized equipment.
Organelle transport and sorting in axons

Recent advances of the past year in the field of organelle transport have documented the existence of numerous kinesin-related proteins and the presence of multiple conventional kinesins within neurons. Biochemical and genetic mutant analyses indicate that different kinesin superfamily members transport different organelles. In addition to microtubule-based systems, actin filaments and myosin motors are associated with organelle transport in axons. The great diversity of motor proteins suggests that they may play a role in sorting, in addition to transport.
Macromolecular weight specificity in covalent binding of bromobenzene.

Abstract Bromobenzene is a hepatotoxicant that causes centrilobular necrosis. Pretreatment of animals with 3-methylcholanthrene decreases and phenobarbital pretreatment enhances the hepatotoxic action of this compound. We have investigated the macromolecular weight specificity of the covalent interactions of bromobenzene with liver macromolecules following incubation of [ 14 C]bromobenzene in isolated hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were prepared from Fischer-344 rats treated for 3 days with 3-methylcholanthrene, phenobarbital, or normal saline. After a 1-hr incubation, total covalent binding, as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-equilibrium dialysis, was twofold less in hepatocytes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats and sixfold greater in hepatocytes from phenobarbital-treated rats, as compared to hepatocytes from control animals. Analysis of the arylated macromolecules by electrophoresis on 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc gels indicated that in the first 1 to 3 min of incubation substantial amounts of covalently bound radiolabel were associated with macromolecules of between 20,000 and 40,000. The amount of radioactivity associated with these macromolecules rapidly diminished in hepatocytes from control and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated animals. In hepatocytes from phenobarbital-treated animals, the amount of radioactivity associated with macromolecules, 20,000, increased throughout the incubation. The amount of radiolabel associated with macromolecules, 20,000, increased in all incubations. When nontoxic doses of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a specific inhibitor of serine proteases, were added to control hepatocytes incubated with [ 14 C]bromobenzene, the decrease in radioactivity associated with larger (>20,000) macromolecules was inhibited and a corresponding lack of increase in radioactivity associated with smaller macromolecules was observed. In hepatocytes from phenobarbital-treated rats, either the rate of adduct formation with higher molecular weight macromolecules greatly exceeded the rate of their breakdown or the phenobarbital treatment compromised the degradation process. The toxicity induced by bromobenzene may result from the covalently bound material altering the biological function of macromolecules. The result of this study suggest that cellular degradation of the arylated macromolecules may be one mechanism of detoxification. Persistence of the arylated macromolecules within the cell may be associated with the toxic action of bromobenzene.
Impaired Haemophilus influenzae type b transplacental antibody transmission and declining antibody avidity through the first year of life represent potential vulnerabilities for HIV-exposed but-uninfected infants

To determine whether immune function is impaired among HIV-exposed but -uninfected (HEU) infants born to HIV-infected mothers and to identify potential vulnerabilities to vaccine-preventable infection, we characterized the mother-to-infant placental transfer of Haemophilus influenzae type b-specific IgG (Hib-IgG) and its levels and avidity after vaccination in Ugandan HEU infants and in HIV-unexposed U.S. infants. Hib-IgG was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 57 Ugandan HIV-infected mothers prenatally and in their vaccinated HEU infants and 14 HIV-unexposed U.S. infants at birth and 12, 24, and 48 weeks of age. Antibody avidity at birth and 48 weeks of age was determined with 1 M ammonium thiocyanate. A median of 43% of maternal Hib-IgG was transferred to HEU infants. Although its level was lower in HEU infants than in U.S. infants at birth (P 1.0 μg/ml) at birth in 90% of HEU infants and all U.S. infants. HEU infants had robust Hib-IgG responses to a primary vaccination. Although Hib-IgG levels declined from 24 to 48 weeks of age in HEU infants, they were higher than those in U.S. infants (P = 0.002). Antibody avidity, comparable at birth, declined by 48 weeks of age in both populations. Early vaccination of HEU infants may limit an initial vulnerability to Hib disease resulting from impaired transplacental antibody transfer. While initial Hib vaccine responses appeared adequate, the confluence of lower antibody avidity and declining Hib-IgG levels in HEU infants by 12 months support Hib booster vaccination at 1 year. Potential immunologic impairments of HEU infants should be considered in the development of vaccine platforms for populations with high maternal HIV prevalence.
The neighborhood context of foreclosures and crime

The epidemic of foreclosures across the United States in the mid-2000 decade offers a unique opportunity to examine neighborhood changes that result over extended periods of time. In this analysis,...
Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl on cytochrome P4501A and estrogen-induced vitellogenesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Estrogen-regulated synthesis of vitellogenin (Vg), a yolk-protein equired for reproduction, was monitored to explore the potential antiestrogenic effects of the coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (3,4,5-HCB), in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The effects of 17β-estradiol on 3,4,5-HCB induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) were also examined. Trout were injected with 3,4,5-HCB (0.25, 2.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg) or a vehicle control, and after 10 weeks, they were sampled or injected with 17β-estradiol (0.1 mg/kg). Markers of vitellogenesis, such as liver somatic index, hepatic estrogen-binding sites, and plasma Vg concentrations, in 17β-estradiol-treated fish were not affected by 3,4,5-HCB. Maximal induction of CYP1A protein and mRNA occurred at doses above 2.5 mg/kg, and 17β-estradiol reduced CYP1A protein content at a single dose (0.25 μg 3,4,5-HCB/kg). Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was induced by 3,4,5-HCB doses of between 0.25 and 2.5 mg/kg, but induction was reduced at higher doses, indicating that 3,4,5-HCB suppressed CYP1A catalytic activity. In 3,4,5-HCB/17β-estradiol—treated fish, plasma estradiol was significantly reduced at 100 mg 3,4,5-HCB/kg, but the depression was not associated with CYP1A induction or with other antiestrogenic effects. Although CYP1A was induced, 3,4,5- HCB did not interfere with vitellogenesis, which suggests that the PCB congener is not a potent antiestrogen in rainbow trout.
AN AZA-ANALOGUE OF TTF1 : 1,1';3,3'-BISTRIMETHYLENE-2,2'-DIIMIDAZOLINYLIDINE

Abstract Bulk electrolysis of 1,1′;3,3′-bistrimethylene-2,2′-biimidazolium dibromide at −1.6 V in acetonitrile provides the air sensitive 1,1′;3,3′-bistrimethylene-2,2′-diimidazolinylidine which was characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR. The corresponding dinaphtho-fused species, prepared by deprotonation of a bis-trimethylene bridged bis-naphth[2,3]imidazolium dibromide, reacts readily with air to form a syn -ureaphane.
Uric acid, CKD, and cardiovascular disease: confounders, culprits, and circles.

Although recognition of an association among hyperuricemia, kidney disease and cardiovascular disease dates to the late 19th century (1), there has been a recent resurgence in investigating the association between uric acid levels and these outcomes (2-7). Data from these and other physiological experiments and observational studies suggest that there may be causal relationships interspersed within the associations among uric acid, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease; however, convincing evidence remains elusive due to methodologic and statistical issues that complicate the study of uric acid, its determinants and its confounders. In this issue of the American Journal of Kidney Diseases, two cohort studies examine the relationship of hyperuricemia in the absence of clinical gout with CKD (8) and cardiovascular disease (9), respectively, and support the hypothesis that asymptomatic hyperuricemia is a CKD and cardiovascular disease risk factor.
Composite tissue formation derived solely from a blood biological matrix: a preliminary study.

Abstract We describe the formation of a new composite tissue containing all of the cellular components of adjacent normal spinal tissue. Four millimeter gaps, surgically created at the level of T 8 –T 9 in the spinal cord of 2 adult female Lewis rats, resulted in complete paralysis of the lower extremities. A biological matrix derived from previously frozen peripheral syngeneic blood was implanted into the created spinal cord defects in 2 experimental animals. Two control animals received fibrin implants not containing matrix material. The 2 experimental animals regained significant motor function of their lower extremities as compared with the control animals, over a period of 2 months. Histological analysis of the experimental implants showed a composite tissue formation consisting of neural tissue, bone, and cartilage similar in cellular content to the adjacent native tissue. Only organized blood clot was seen at the implant site of the control animals. Further studies are needed to determine if autologous blood can be used to regenerate tissues lost to disease or injury.
Fluorescent Semiconducting Polymer Conjugates of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for Thermal Precipitation Assays

New thermally responsive fluorescent polymers conjugated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPA) have been synthesized. A nonionic water-soluble poly(phenylene−ethynylene) (PPE) was end-capped with a di-tert-butylnitroxide derivative, and subsequent nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization of NIPA afforded PPE−polyNIPA block copolymers. These copolymers phase-separate from aqueous solutions upon heating, and the resultant precipitates are efficiently collected by filtration. The fluorescent spectra of the precipitates indicate the absence of strong associations between the PPE π-systems. Furthermore, the fluorescent intensities of the collected solids have a linear correlation with the polymer concentrations in the solutions of origin. When copolymers are thermally coprecipitated with dye-labeled (rhodamine B) polyNIPA materials, the dye is localized to the PPE segments, inducing fluorescent resonance energy transfer from the PPE segment (donor) to the dye (acceptor).
Height-balanced trees of order (β, γ, δ)

We study restricted classes of B-trees, called H(b, g, d) trees. A class is defined by three parameters: b, the size of a node; g, the minimal number of grandsons a node must have; and d, the minimal number of leaves bottom nodes must have. This generalizes the brother condition of 2-3 brother trees in a uniform way to B-trees of higher order. The class of B-trees of order m is obtained by choosing b = m, g = (m/2)2 and d = m/2. An algorithm to construct H-trees for any given number of keys is given in Section 1. Insertion and deletion algorithms are given in Section 2. The costs of these algorithms increase smoothly as the parameters are increased. Furthermore, it is proved that the insertion can be done in time O(b + log N), where N is the number of nodes in the tree. Deletion can also be accomplished without reconstructing the entire tree. Properties of H-trees are given in Section 3. It is shown that the height of H-trees decreases as g increases, and the storage utilization increases significantly as d increases. Finally, comparisons with other restricted classes of B-trees are given in Section 4 to show the attractiveness of H-trees.
Irradiance variance of optical waves through atmospheric turbulence by numerical simulation and comparison with experiment

Irradiance variance for optical propagation through atmospheric turbulence is calculated by numerical simulation. Let l0 be the inner scale, Rf be the Fresnel scale, and β02 be the weak-fluctuation irradiance variance at zero inner scale. Then results in the strong-focusing regime just past the peak can be summarized by σI2 = 1.74 − 0.092β0 + 0.60(l0/Rf) for a plane wave and σI2 = 3.02 − 0.35β0 + 5.56(l0/Rf) for a point source. These numerical results are in excellent agreement with experimental results.
Colorimetric determination of physostigmine in pharmaceuticals

A colorimetric method for determination of physostigmine is suggested based on measurement of the yellow color produced when physostigmine dithiocarbamate reacts with copper. The color obeys Beer's law in the range of 65–400 mcg. The reaction was found to be specific for physostigmine in the presence of other alkaloids and nitrogen-containing substances, using a pH 8.6 buffer and sodium bicarbonate.
Simple routes to bulky silyl-substituted acetylide ligands and examples of V(III), Fe(II), and Mn(II) complexes

Synthesis of substituted phenylacetylide ligands 2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)phenylacetylene (H1) and 2-(triphenylsilyl)phenylacteylene (H2) is reported. Ligand 1 supports tetrahedral complexes of V(III), Fe(II), and Mn(II) (3–5). Complexes 3–5 are high-spin and redox active.
“Geopolitics” and “the Popular”: An Exploration

The article explores the conceptual boundaries of “geopolitics” and “the popular.” Various examples, both historical and contemporary, are drawn upon to illustrate the necessary linkages between these two taxonomies. These examples illustrate four main arteries of the deeply rooted popular culture of fear in the United States and of its public's consequent capacity to be mobilized for war. The argument concludes with some pointers for further research on continuing unsolved and knotted issues in the dynamics of popular culture, communication and power.
Complete assignment of lysine resonances in 1H NMR spectra of proteins as probes of surface structure and dynamics

A strategy is presented for complete identification of 1H spin systems of lysine residues using sophisticated 2D NMR experiments. Relayed and remote connectivities within each spin system are determined for spin subsystems based at the backbone amide and C epsilon proton resonances. When complete spin system identification is combined with sequence-specific assignment, protein surface structure and dynamics can be probed in a site-specific manner. The interaction between the five lysine residues of French bean plastocyanin and a model redox partner Cr(CN)6(3-) has been examined using this approach.
Isolation of high‐rate DNA synthetic cells by Con A chromatography

The separation of L1210 cells with columns of Con A-derivatized nylon was investigated. Most of the cells bound to the column irreversibly. The binding was lectin-specific. Cells were pulse labeled with 3H-thymidine and applied to Con A columns. Those cells not binding the columns were enriched in incorporated thymidine compared to the unseparated population. Data is presented which suggests that a small, synchronized fraction of cells synthesizing DNA at a high rate is reduced in Con A-nylon affinity. It is proposed that L1210 cell DNA synthesis is not uniform in rate and that changes in this rate are related to changes in the ability of cells to bind Con A-nylon.
On the Future of Religious Ethics: Keeping Religious Ethics, Religious and Ethical

This essay proposes a method and aim for the future of religious ethics. Rather than surveying the usual debates about the field, the essay situates the various kinds of work in religious ethics both in the contemporary global context and with respect to the modern western conception of what defines a "discipline" and the aspiration to a system of the sciences. In response to the breakdown of the modern project, various claims about rationality and also moral inquiry have arisen. Isolating the insights and yet also problems in these alternative models of inquiry, the essay proposes, as a method for religious ethics, a multidimensional and reflexive hermeneutic that reflects on and with religious sources. Further, the essay advocates as the aim or purpose of religious ethics the humane reconstruction of traditions around their deepest convictions and reflexive interactions with others. Calling this enterprise a form of "religious humanism," the essay seeks to show not only the adequacy of such a conception of religious ethics but also its pertinence to critical, comparative, and constructive thinking.
Effects of turbulence and electrohydrodynamics on the performance of electrostatic precipitators

Abstract Numerical simulations of the turbulent diffusion equation coupled with the electrohydrodynamics (EHD) are carried out for the plate-plate and wire-plate ESPs. The local particle concentration profiles and fractional collection efficiencies have been evaluated as a function of three dimensionless parameters: the electric Peclet number (Pe), the EHD number (NEHD), and the reduced particle migration velocity, ϵ ∗ . The collection efficiency for the wire-plate ESP is significantly lower than that for the plate-plate ESP. For the wire-plate ESP, when the turbulent diffusion coefficient is less than 1×10−3 m2/s, the collection efficiency is not affected by any turbulence or EHD level. However, when the turbulent diffusion coefficient exceeds this critical value, the collection efficiency drops sharply, regardless of the values of the EHD number and particle migration velocity. The critical turbulent diffusion coefficient of the plate-plate ESP is higher, 5×10−3m 2/s, indicating that the collection efficiency is less sensitive to turbulence. The results emphasize the importance of controlling the quality of flow characteristics in the ESP.
Experimental study and modeling of single yarn pull-out behavior of kevlar® 49 fabric

Single yarn pull-out behavior of Kevlar® 49 fabric with varying lengths and pre-applied transverse tensile forces is studied. Results indicate that both peak pull-out force and energy needed to pull an individual yarn increase with specimen length and transverse pre-load. An analytical model is used to investigate the frictional shear properties diagram between the orthogonal warp and fill yarns. Maximum static and dynamic frictional shear strength of contact interfaces of warp and fill yarns are obtained by fitting the experimental data. The periodic nature of the post-peak behavior of pull-out response is simulated by representing the contact area as a sinusoidal function with a constant period. Finally, a three-dimensional finite element model is used to simulate the single yarn pull-out behavior and the results show that pull-out force is significantly influenced by the friction between yarns and transverse pre-load.
Thermochemical Processing of Titanium Alloys

As the performance requirements of structures and devices increase, new and improved materials and processes are required. One such technique is thermochemical processing, which involves the use of hydrogen as a temporary alloying element. Thermochemical processing significantly enhances both the fabricability and mechanical behavior of titanium alloys.
Turbulent solution of the Navier-Stokes equations

To study the nonlinear physics of incompressible turbulent flow, the unaveraged Navier–Stokes equations are solved numerically. Initial three‐dimensional cosine velocity fluctuations and periodic boundary conditions are used. No mean gradients are present. The three components of the mean‐square velocity fluctuations are equal for the initial conditions chosen. The resulting solution shows characteristics of turbulence, such as the nonlinear excitation of small‐scale fluctuations. For the higher Reynolds numbers the initially nonrandom flow develops into an apparently random turbulence. Thus, randomness or turbulence can apparently arise as a consequence of the structure of the Navier–Stokes equations.
The effect of strain on the base resistance and transit time of ungraded and compositional-graded SiGe HBTs

A theoretical study of the effects of the strain on the base properties of ungraded and compositional-graded n-p-n SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBT) is presented. The dependencies of the transverse hole mobility and longitudinal electron mobility upon strain, composition and doping, are formulated using published Monte-Carlo data and, consequently, the base resistance and transit time are modeled and calculated. The results are compared to results obtained using common formulas that ignore these dependencies. The differences between the two sets of results are shown. The paper's conclusion is that for the design, analysis and optimization of high frequency SiGe HBTs the strain effects on the base properties cannot be ignored.
Seasonal variations in the invertebrate faunas of Pelvetia fastigiata (Fucaceae): Effects of plant size and distribution

Small invertebrates in many phyla live in close association with Pelvetia fastigiata, a brown alga common in rocky intertidal areas of Southern California. Over linear distances of tens of meters, densities of P. fastigiata differ greatly because some plants are spatially isolated and others live contiguously within aggregations. Seasonal fluctuations in the faunas of P. fastigiata specimens collected between 1974 and 1977 in the Bird Rock region of La Jolla, California, USA, differed with the size, distribution and tide level of the plants. Such fluctuations coincided with variations in several environmental factors and their differences agree, in part, with the predictions of three hypotheses developed for the biotas of habitat patches and islands. The faunas of small and moderate-sized isolated P. fastigiata at mid-tide levels are disturbed by abiotic factors during the fall and winter and thus, the numbers of species on such plants tend to vary more than those on (1) larger plants at the same sites, or on (2) comparable plants within aggregations or (3) comparable isolated plants at upper mid-intertidal levels. The numbers of invertebrate species and individuals on plants at all sites examined, however, vary with changes in the net reproduction, immigration and/or loss rates of animals within several groups of species that inhabit P. fastigiata. The copepod Scutellidium lamellipes and the amphipod Ampithoe tea live and reproduce on P. fastigiata throughout the year, but are most abundant and, particularly on isolated plants, most widely distributed in the summer and/or fall. Other animals are most frequent or abundant in spring, early summer or even winter collections of P. fastigiata. Because many of the latter taxa typically do not inhabit aggregated and/or upper mid-intertidal plants, relationships between plant size and the total numbers of species and individuals on P. fastigiata specimens consistently differ between sites. Thus, although disturbance and temperatures may affect the faunas of P. fastigiata at all sites, between-site differences in faunal composition which have previously been related to habitat-patch size are maintained in all seasons.
Super-Homogeneous Saturation of Microwave-Photonic Gain in Optoelectronic Oscillator Systems

We show that the saturation characteristic of microwave-photonic gain is “super-homogeneous” such that the gain of a weaker tone saturates more rapidly than that of a stronger tone when both signals are transmitted over an intensity-modulated optical link. Using this gain model, we simulate the effect of nonlinear gain saturation on the performance of a slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW)-based optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). We verify our simulations with experimental measurements and show that low sidemode levels (<; -110 dBc) can be achieved even when multiple modes can oscillate within the passband of the OEO loop filter.
A Lyons branch of the pottery-making firm of Ateius of Arezzo

Fifty-one waster sherds of Terra Sigillata (∼20-0 b.c.) from Arezzo, Italy and Lyons, France have been chemically analysed for twenty-eight elements by neutron activation and seven by X-ray fluorescence. Most of the elemental abundances were measured with high precision and cross-comparisons of the two techniques of measurement (and sample preparation) give added insight as to their relative precision, the calibration differences and the extent to which volatile materials such as carbonate or water influence the results. The sherds from Arezzo formed a homogeneous and distinctive chemical group while all but two of those from Lyons were classified into three such groups. Two of the Lyons groups (MML A and MML B) were from Montee de La Muette and one was from Loyasse. Four additional sherds from houses excavated in Strasbourg and one from Lyons, all of which bore the signature of the famous Anetine pottery-making firm of Ateius, were also analyzed by the same techniques. These signed sherds all had the same composition pattern and it closely matched one of those from Montee de La Muette (MML A) in Lyons. It is therefore suggested that these five sherds bearing the Ateius signature were made in the general vicinity of Lyons and were part of the output of an as yet unknown Gallic branch of the firm of Ateius.
Surface contamination and damage from CF 4 and SF 6 reactive ion etching of silicon oxide on gallium arsenide

Two reactive ion etchants, CF4 and SF6, have been compared in terms of plasma characteristics, silicon oxide etch characteristics, extent of RIE damage, and formation of barrier layers on a GaAs surface after oxide etch. It was found that higher etch rates with lower plasma-induced dc bias can be achieved with SF6 plasma relative to CF4 plasma and that this correlates with higher atomic fluorine concentration in SF6 plasma. RIE damage, measured by loss of sheet conductance in a thin highly-doped GaAs layer, could be modelled as a region of deep acceptors at a high concentration in the conductive layer. By relating the sheet conductance change to the modelled damaged layer thickness, it was found that the RIE-damaged thickness from both CF4 and SF6 plasmas had the same linear relation to plasma dc bias. Barriers to subsequent GaAs RIE were created during oxide overetch at the GaAs surface. The barriers were identified by XPS as ∼20 A of GaF3 for CF4 plasma and ∼30 A of GaF3 on top of AsxSy for SF6 plasma. Ellipsometry was used to routinely determine the presence or absence of the barriers which could be removed in dilute ammonia.
Chemically induced defects during copper polish

A high yielding copper damascene process requires defect-free copper surfaces after Cu polish. Critical defects derive from corrosion processes such as pitting corrosion, galvanic corrosion and excess etching. Changes in process conditions for Cu polish as well as the interaction with Ta polish step in a two-step (Cu/Ta) Ta polish can assist in defect reduction. Since these corrosion defects derive from the slurry chemistry itself, their quantities can be significantly reduced but not eliminated with process module changes.
Reproductive performance of dairy cows fed two concentrations of phosphorus.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary P concentrations of 0.37 (recommended) or 0.57% (excess; dry matter basis) on reproductive performance. At calving, Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments (n=134 for 0.37% P and n=133 for 0.57% P). Cows were fitted with a radiotelemetric transmitter (50 d in milk [DIM]) to record mounting activity during estrus and bred to natural estrus from 50 to 100 DIM, then to synchronized estrus (Ovsynch protocol) after 100 DIM. Weekly ultrasonography was performed from 50 DIM until pregnancy was diagnosed (∼30 d after artificial insemination). Pregnancy was confirmed approximately 60 d after artificial insemination (artificial insemination). Weekly blood samples were analyzed for progesterone concentrations. Days to first increase (>1ng/ml) in progesterone, days to first estrus detected by radiotelemetry, days to first service detected by herd personnel, and conception rate at first service did not differ between the recommended and excess P groups, respectively. Similarly, conception rate at 30 d, days open, pregnancies lost from 30 to 60 d, multiple ovulation rate, and the incidence of anovulatory condition at 71 DIM did not differ between these groups. The mean duration of estrus was 8.7±0.5 and 8.7±0.7h, and the average number of mounts per estrus was 7.4±0.5 and 7.8±0.5 for a total mounting time during estrus of 25.8±1.8 and 24.5±1.6s for cows fed the recommended and excess P diet, respectively. Phosphorus treatment had no detectable effect on reproductive performance.
Detection of immunocomplex formation by enhanced photoluminescence of antibody-functionalized diatom biosilica

Diatoms are single-celled photosynthetic algae that make silica shells or "frustules" with intricate features patterned at the nano and microscales. In this study, antibody-functionalized diatom biosilica frustules serve as a biosensor platform for selective and label free antibody-antigen immunocomplex formation by enhanced photoluminescence. Biosilica frustules of 10 micron diameter were isolated from cells of the centric marine diatom Cyclotella sp. They were then mounted on glass and covalently functionalized with the model antibody Rabbit Immunoglobulin G (IgG) to yield a uniform nanostructured surface that selectively binds to its complimentary antigen, Goat anti-Rabbit IgG. Diatom frustules possess an intrinsic capacity to emit blue light when excited with a UV laser light source, a property called photoluminescence. Binding the antibody-functionalized diatom frustule with its complimentary antigen selectively enhanced the intrinsic photoluminescence intensity of the diatom frustule by a factor of three, whereas challenging the antibody-functionalized diatom frustule with a non-complimentary antigen, Goat anti-human IgG did not change the intrinsic photoluminescence intensity. The nucleophilic immunocomplex increases the photoluminescence by donating electrons to non-radiative sites on the photoluminescent diatom biosilica, thereby decreasing non-radiative electron decay and increasing radiative emission. The intensified photoluminescence intensity is correlated to the antigen, goat anti-rabbit IgG concentration, with a binding constant of 2.8 ± 0.7x10 -7 M.
First-trimester prediction of Preeclampsia using metabolomic biomarkers: a discovery phase study

Preeclampsia (PE) affects 5% of pregnancies and is a significant contributor to maternal mortality and morbidity. The effects of PE extend beyond pregnancy, with associated risk of type II diabetes, hypertensive disorders and coronary artery disease in later life (Bellamy L 2007). Multiple pathological pathways contribute to the final phenotype of PE. These include poor placental perfusion, defective remodeling of utero-placental vessels in early pregnancy, maternal genetic predisposition and vascular endothelial dysfunction (Sibai et al 2005; Levine et al 2004; Redman and Sargent 2005). While several attempts at identifying reliable biomarkers in early pregnancy to predict PEare ongoing, none of the suggested markers have demonstrated sufficient sensitivity and specificity to allow identification of pregnancies that would benefit from increased surveillance or early preventive therapies (Spencer et al 2008, Zhong et al 2010). Metabolomic profiling has been proposed as a strategy for discovering low molecular weight chemicals present in the metabolome of a cell or tissue (Goodacre and Dell 2003). This approach identifies the final downstream products of gene expression, which allows detection of high-resolution multifactorial phenotypic signatures of the disease of interest (Oresic et al 2008; Kenny et al 2005, Kenny et al 2008). There are limited studies on metabolomic profiling of PE and none of these are in the first-trimester (Kenny et al, 2010). We tested the hypothesis that first-trimester metabolic biomarkers offered a unique profile in women withPE in the second half of pregnancy, compared to controls without adverse pregnancy events.
Radiation heat transfer in an absorbing medium bounded by a specular reflector

Die Warmeubertragung durch Strahlung wird untersucht fur eine Anordnung bestehend aus zwei parallelen Platten, zwischen denen sich ein absorbierendes Medium befindet. Die eine Platte ist ein grauer diffuser Strahler und ein spiegelnder Reflektor, wahrend die andere ein schwarzer Korper ist. Die Rechnung zeigt, dass der Unterschied zwischen diffuser und spiegelnder Reflexion ausserst klein ausfallt.
Propensity for Seeking Counseling Services: A Comparison of Asian and American Undergraduates

The authors used the somaticization scale of the Brief Symptom Inventory to study Asian and American college students' propensity for seeking counseling at an American university. They found that the Asian students were more likely than the American students were to report that they would seek counseling services when they experience somatic discomfort. The Asian students scored significantly higher on inclination for seeking counseling than did the American students.
Electronic Bullying and Victimization and Life Satisfaction in Middle School Students

This study examined the nature and prevalence of electronic bullying and victimization in a sample of middle school students in a southeastern USA school. Relationships among measures of electronic bullying and victimization and global and domain-specific life satisfaction were also investigated. A total of 855 7th and 8th grade US students responded to questions regarding global and domain-based life satisfaction, electronic bullying and victimization behaviors. Although a majority of students reported not engaging in or being the victim of electronic bullying, the small percentage of students who did report these behaviors as being problematic indicated that the behaviors occurred several times a week. Statistically significant correlates of electronic bullying were self-reported grades in school, gender, and parent marital status. Significant correlates of victimization were self-reported grades in school, parent marital status, and ethnicity. The results suggested modest, but pervasive relationships between experiences of electronic bullying and victimization and adolescents’ life satisfaction reports across a variety of important life domains. When the effects of demographic variables were controlled, the relationship between electronic victimization and global life satisfaction became non-significant, suggesting that global life satisfaction reports may mask the effects of specific life satisfaction domains.
Monolithic integrated resonant tunneling diode and heterostructure junction field effect transistor circuits

Abstract We have developed a simple technology for monolithic integration of resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) and heterostructure junction-modulated field effect transistors (HJFETs). We have achieved good device performance with this technology: HJFETs had transconductances of 290 mS/mm and current densities of 310 mA/mm for a 1.5 μm gate length; RTDs had room temperature peak to valley ratios greater than 20:1 with current densities of 42 kA/cm2. With this technology, we have demonstrated a monolithically integrated RTD + HJFET state holding circuit that can serve as a building block circuit for self-timed logic units. This circuit is resistor-free and operates at room temperature. The state holding circuit showed large noise margins of 1.21 V and 0.71 V, respectively, for input low and input high, for a 1.7 V input voltage swing. We have examined the transient response of the circuit and investigated the effect of circuit design parameters on propagation delay. We identify the RTD valley current as the limiting factor on propagation delay. We discuss the suitability of RTD + HJFET circuits such as our state holding circuit for highly dense integrated circuits.
Static window addition: A new paradigm for the design of variable latency adders

Speculative adders have attracted strong interest for achieving sublogarithmic delays by exploiting the tradeoffs between correctness and performance. Speculative adders also find use in the design of error-free variable latency adders, which combine speculation with error correction to achieve high performance for low area overhead over traditional adders. This paper describes static window addition (SWA), a novel function speculation technique for the design of low overhead, high performance variable latency adders. Analytical models for the error rate of SWA-based speculative adders are developed to facilitate both design exploration and convergence. We show that on average, variable latency addition using SWA-based speculative adders is 10% faster than the fastest DesignWare adder with area requirements of -5 to 40% for different adder widths.
Photopolymerizable Liquid Crystal Monomer-Oxide Nanoparticle Composites

Methacrylate and acrylate terminated monomers can be rapidly polymerized to polymer glasses useful in biomaterials, photolithography and rapid prototyping, optical coatings and composites. Unfortunately, polymerization shrinkage results in loss of tolerance and the development of internal stresses which can be especially critical in the case of highly crosslinked glasses. Structurally complicated oligomeric mixes of dimethacrylate monomers that exhibit a nematic liquid crystal to isotropic transition above room temperature have been synthesized in a low cost one pot synthesis to surmount the problem of polymerization shrinkage and the propensity of single component monomers to crystallize from the liquid state. Photopolymerization from the ordered liquid crystal state into a less ordered glass minimizes volumetric shrinkages to between 1–2% at greater than 90% polymerization conversion. These polymer glasses exhibited elastic bending moduli of 1.2 GPa to 1.5GPa, fracture strengths of 70–100MPa and fracture toughness of K=0.3–0.4 (MPa)1/2 . In some cases the glasses exhibited ductile behavior which is unusual for highly crosslinked materials. Room temperature viscosities of 100P–2000P permit facile processing of the liquid crystal monomers with inorganic particles to make dental restorative composites.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Microstructural characterization of α2 + B2 titanium aluminide intermetallic (Super-α2) using transmission electron microscopy

Abstract Dislocation structures in as-received and plastically deformed commercial α2 + B2 and homogeneous ordered B2 intermetallic titanium aluminide alloys (“ super -α 2 ”) were characterized with transmission electron microscopy. Thin foils prepared by twin-jet electropolishing and ion beam thinning were found to yield different deformation structures. Electropolished foils were found to contain lath-like bands of dislocation loops with 1 2 〈111〉 Burgers' vectors (b) in the B2 phase that were actually thinning artifacts. Dislocations in lightly deformed ion-beam-thinned foils appeared to be predominantly screw dislocations with b = 1 2 〈111〉
Haloperidol regulates neurotensin gene expression in striatum of c-fos-deficient mice

The immediate-early gene c-fos has been proposed to play a role in induction of neurotensin/neuromedin N (NT/N) gene expression in the striatum following acute haloperidol (HAL) treatment. We utilized mice with targeted disruption of the c-fos gene to directly test this hypothesis. A robust increase in NT/N gene expression was observed in the dorsolateral striatum (DLSt) in both wild-type (WT) and c-fos-deficient mice 4-6 h after a single injection of HAL (1 or 4 mg/kg) indicating that products of the c-fos gene are not absolutely required for induction of NT/N mRNA. The basal expression of preprotachykinin, preproenkephalin and preprocholecystokinin mRNAs did not differ between WT and c-fos knockout mice. HAL treatment first increased striatal NT/N mRNA on postnatal day (PD) 10. HAL-induced NT/N mRNA levels were significantly lower in c-fos knockout mice than in WT mice on PD 10 and 15. These findings indicate that reliance on c-fos may be greater earlier in development and that redundant molecular pathways can lead to induction of NT/N mRNA in mouse striatum.
RESPIRATORY ENZYMES AND MITOCHONDRIAL MORPHOLOGY OF HELA AND L CELLS TREATED WITH CHLORAMPHENICOL AND ETHIDIUM BROMIDE

Exposure of HeLa and L cells to chloramphenicol causes a progressive dose-dependent decrease in cytochrome oxidase and succinate-cytochrome c reductase activities, concomitant with an increase in the amount of cytochrome c. At 2-3 days, the specific activities of the enzymes have fallen to about one-half of control values; the mitochondria appear swollen. By day 5, enzyme activities are about one-quarter of control values; the mitochondria are more swollen, with disorientation and disintegration of cristae. By day 6-8, after three generations, growth has stopped, enzyme activities are approximately the same as on day 5, and cytochrome c content has reached 170% of control value. Mitochondria show severe changes, cristae being affected more than peripheral inner membrane. The number of profiles continues to be nearly normal. After 30 days, cytochrome oxidase activity remains low but now there are mitochondria in intermediate and condensed configuration. There is a gradual accumulation in the cytoplasm of smooth membrane elements. If chloramphenicol is removed, cells recover. Ethidium bromide treatment for up to 8 days yields results virtually identical to those obtained with chloramphenicol. Cells treated with 10(-4)M KCN show a decrease in cytochrome oxidase activity to about one-third of control value and an elevated amount of cytochrome c. Only a small number of mitochondria appear damaged. Autochthonous mitochondrial syntheses appear to be essential for the organization of the cristae. When cytochrome oxidase activity is impaired, a regulatory mechanism for cytochrome biosynthesis geared to mitochondrial function may be lacking, resulting in an increase in cytochrome c content.
Hip instability after total hip replacement

Abstract The number of THA procedures performed each year continues to increase exponentially. With the increase in procedures comes the increase in the number of complications. Instability after THA continues to be reported in the 3–4% range by many authors; so, as the number of procedures increases so will the number of instability occurrences. Knowing the risk factors and an algorithm to treat these patients is paramount to assure the best and most cost-effective means of treatment. An algorithmic approach on how to approach the first-time dislocation to the patient who has recurrent episodes is presented as well as the stepwise approach in diagnosing and approaching the confounding variables that may be at hand behind the cause of the unstable THA patient.
Augmented Cognition: Developing and Testing a Physiology-Based Task Adaptation System:

The purpose of this study was to examine if an individual's performance could be improved by integrating physiological arousal data with a computer task, specifically a video game, which increased ...