cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complex segregation analysis of the locus for beta-aminoisobutyric acid excretion (BAIB).

High excretion of BAIB is determined by an incompletely recessive gene jointly with other familial factors. The parameters estimated from a Japanese sample are: gene frequency=0.6, displacement between homozygotes=2.1 σ, dominance=0.2, and polygenic heritability=0.1. Supplementary tests support this mixed model and (unlike classical analysis) give no evidence of segregation disturbance. Complexity of BAIB inheritance should be allowed for in population comparisons and linkage studies, which can be performed reliably under the mixed model.
Effects of ether anesthesia on plasma prolactin sampling.

Bei mannlichen Ratten wurde das «Timing» der Prolactin-Stressreaktion gemessen und festgestellt, dass die Prolactin-Konzentration invariabel nach 2 min Ather-Stress ansteigt.
Gulonolactonase in the rat: Influence of sex and sex hormones on development

Abstract Gulonolactonase (D(or L)-gulono-γ-lactone hydrolase, (EC 3.1.1.18) in the kidney and liver of the rat, which are known to be identical enzymes but exhibit different patterns of post-natal development. The hepatic enzyme is detectable one day after birth, increases sharply to the adult level after nine days, and shows no appreciable sex-related difference. The renal enzyme is not detectable until approximately four days after birth in the male and ten days after birth in the female. The level of renal enzyme increases slowly in both sexes until about day 27 at which time activity in the male begins to increase rapidly while it declines slowly in the female. At this time the adult male has about 20 times as much hepatic gulonolactonase as the female. Adult enzyme levels are reached at age 44 days. The normal development increase in male renal gulonolactonase is prevented by administration of 17β-estradiol but it can be restored by subsequent administration of testosterone. Testosterone alone, or in combination with glucose does not evoke precocious induction of gulonolactonase in the male, nor does it affect its level after development has begun. Of the androgens tested for their ability to induce gulonolactonase in the kidney of the adult female, the following potency was observed: 5-androstan-3α, 17β-diol > testosterone > androstandione = androstanolone. Androsterone was without effect.
Differential regulation of p75 and trkB mRNA expression after depolarizing stimuli or BDNF treatment in basal forebrain neuron cultures.

Extensive evidence suggests that BDNF regulates neural function and architecture after depolarization. Expression of BDNF is increased after depolarization, and the ability of BDNF to modulate synaptic function is well documented. To further investigate BDNF signaling after activity, we analyzed the effects of depolarization or BDNF treatment on receptor mRNA expression in cultured basal forebrain neurons. Levels of mRNA coding for the cognate BDNF receptor, trkB, as well as the common neurotrophin receptor, p75, were quantitated simultaneously using a sensitive solution hybridization technique. Depolarization or BDNF treatment increased p75 mRNA expression 94% and 195%, respectively. In contrast, trkB message decreased 23% after depolarization but was unchanged by BDNF treatment. Together, these changes resulted in significant increases in the p75/trkB ratio after depolarization or BDNF treatment that could alter BDNF binding or signal transduction.
Rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility zonation of Puerto Rico

Landslides are a major geologic hazard with estimated tens of deaths and $1–2 billion in economic losses per year in the US alone. The island of Puerto Rico experiences one or two large events per year, often triggered in steeply sloped areas by prolonged and heavy rainfall. Identifying areas susceptible to landslides thus has great potential value for Puerto Rico and would allow better management of its territory. Landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) procedures identify areas prone to failure based on the characteristics of past events. LSZs are here developed based on two widely applied methodologies: bivariate frequency ratio (FR method) and logistic regression (LR method). With these methodologies, the correlations among eight possible landslide-inducing factors over the island have been investigated in detail. Both methodologies indicate aspect, slope, elevation, geological discontinuities, and geology as highly significant landslide-inducing factors, together with land-cover for the FR method and distance from road for the LR method. The LR method is grounded in rigorous statistical testing and model building but did not improve results over the simpler FR method. Accordingly, the FR method has been selected to generate a landslide susceptibility map for Puerto Rico. The landslide susceptibility predictions were tested against previous landslide analyses and other landslide inventories. This independent evaluation demonstrated that the two methods are consistent with landslide susceptibility zonation from those earlier studies and showed this analysis to have resulted in a robust and verifiable landslide susceptibility zonation map for the whole island of Puerto Rico.
Evaluation of internal defect and surface color of whole pickles using hyperspectral imaging.

Abstract Hyperspectral imaging operated under simultaneous reflectance (400–675 nm) and transmittance (675–1000 nm) modes was studied for non-destructive and non-contact sensing of surface color and bloater damage in whole pickles. Good and defective pickles were collected from a commercial pickle processing plant. Hyperspectral images of these pickles were obtained using a prototype of on-line hyperspectral imaging system, operating in the wavelength range of 400–1000 nm. Principal component analysis was applied to the hyperspectral images of the pickle samples for bloater damage detection. Color of the pickles was modeled using tristimulus values calculated based on the hyperspectral images. There were no differences in chroma and hue angle of good and defective pickles. The average chroma of good and defective pickles was 15.5 and 15.0, respectively, and the hue angle 94.0° and 93.8°, respectively. Transmittance images at 675–1000 nm were much more effective for internal defect detection compared to reflectance images for the visible region of 500–675 nm. An overall defect classification accuracy of 86% was achieved, compared with an accuracy of 70% by the human inspectors. With further improvement, the hyperspectral imaging system could meet the need of bloated pickles detection in a commercial plant setting.
The role of boundary layer mass transfer in partial oxidation selectivity

Abstract Simple models predict that mass transfer in the boundary layer over a catalyst surface should have a large influence on reactor selectivity for any fast series reaction, but few experimental cases demonstrate this explicitly. In this paper, we show experimentally that selectivities of CH 4 oxidation to CO and H 2 over Pt-Rh gauzes and HCN synthesis from CH 4 , NH 3 , and air over Pt-coated ceramic monoliths are strongly affected by the gas flow rate and the catalyst geometry. For any series reaction in which the desired product is an intermediate species, such as HCN synthesis, an optimal residence time exists where the production of the desired component is maximized, and the selectivity of formation of the intermediate product improves with increasing rates of mass transfer. For parallel and series-parallel reactions, mass transfer may improve or reduce selectivity of formation of the intermediate product, with the effect of mass transfer depending strongly on the reaction orders of the kinetics. However, typical series-parallel partial oxidation reactions such as the partial oxidation of CH 4 to synthesis gas require high rates of mass transfer for maximum reactor selectivity.
Future possibilities for psychiatry

HE HISTORY of the role of psychiatry in the alcoholism field is rich and complex. For many years and reflecting diverse factors, the care of individuals with alcohol problems has frequently fallen to the psychiatrist. This reflects the disordered behavior often observed among alcoholics, the plethora of personality and psychological theories generated in our field about the causes of problems among alcoholics, and the relative reluctance of physicians in some other medical disciplines to deal with men and women with alcohol problems. One result of this association has been the high level of prominence of theories linking alcohol-life problems to states of preexisting psychopathology. There is rich soil for such speculation in the array of intense psychiatric syndromes of anxiety, depression, interpersonal difficulties and psychotic pictures often observed in the course of alcoholism.
Maximal amniotic fluid index as a prognostic factor in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios

Objectives Polyhydramnios is present in approximately 2% of pregnancies and has been associated with a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the association between the maximal amniotic fluid index (AFI) and the frequency of specific adverse outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of 524 singleton pregnancies diagnosed with polyhydramnios and delivered in a single tertiary referral center between 2003 and 2008. Polyhydramnios was defined as either AFI ≥ 25 cm or a maximum vertical pocket (MVP) ≥ 8 cm even in the presence of AFI < 25 cm. The cohort was stratified into four groups based on the maximal AFI noted during the pregnancy: < 25 cm but with MVP ≥ 8 cm; 25–29.9 cm; 30–34.9 cm; and ≥ 35 cm. Data were collected to determine the frequency of the following adverse pregnancy outcomes: prenatally diagnosed congenital anomalies, fetal aneuploidy, preterm delivery, Cesarean delivery, low birth weight, 5-min Apgar score < 7 and perinatal mortality. Results Higher AFI was associated with a statistically significant increase in the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The most severe form of polyhydramnios, as based on the maximal AFI (≥ 35 cm; n = 67), was associated with the highest rates of prenatally diagnosed congenital anomalies (79%), preterm delivery (46%), small-for-gestational-age neonate (16%), aneuploidy (13%) and perinatal mortality (27%). No significant association between degree of polyhydramnios and adverse outcome was demonstrated in cases of idiopathic polyhydramnios (n = 253). Conclusions There is an association between the frequencies of a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the severity of polyhydramnios as reflected by the maximal AFI. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling of Aromatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Formation in Premixed Methane and Ethane Flames

Detailed chemical kinetic modeling has been performed to investigate aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbon formation pathways in rich, sooting, methane and ethane premixed flames. An atmospheric pressure, laminar flat flame operated at an equivalence ratio of 2.5 was used to acquire experimental data for model validation. Gas composition analysis was conducted by an on-line gas chromatograph / mass spectrometer technique. Measurements were made in the flame and post-flame zone for a number of low molecular weight species, aliphatics, aromatics, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranging from two to five-aromatic fused rings. The modeling results show the key reaction sequences leading to aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation primarily involve the combination of resonantly stabilized radicals. In particular, propargyl and I-methylallenyl combination reactions lead to benzene and methyl substituted benzene formation, while polycyclic aromatics are formed from cyclopentadienyl and f...
Earnings inequality and subnational political economy in the United States, 1970–2000

Abstract Previous studies of rising inequality in the United States have overlooked the potential role of subnational political economic variation as an institution that shapes earnings restructuring. This paper uses hierarchical linear models to examine how state right-to-work laws contribute to growth in inequality in 80 metropolitan labor markets from 1970 to 2000. Contrary to conventional expectations, labor markets in states with right-to-work laws experience relatively mild growth in earnings inequality, and are less unequal by 2000 than non-RTW labor markets. The trend cannot be fully explained by union density, job growth, uneven development or variation in racial inequality. The findings contribute to a distinctly sociological perspective on rising inequality that considers how social, institutional and economic factors interact at the local and state levels to shape earnings.
Fluid Flow and Mixed Convection Transport From a Moving Plate in Rolling and Extrusion Processes

The heat transfer arising due to the movement of a continuous heated plate in processes such as hot rolling and hot extrusion has been studied. Of particular interest were the resulting temperature distribution in the solid and the proper imposition of the boundary conditions at the location where the material emerges from a furnace or die. These considerations are important in the simulation and design of practical systems. A numerical study of the thermal transport process has been carried out, assuming a two-dimensional steady circumstance. The boundary layer equations, as well as full governing equations including buoyancey effects, are solved employing finite difference techniques. The effect of various physical parameters, which determine the temperature and flow fields, is studied in detail. The significance of these results in actual manufacturing processes is discussed.
Anterior or lateral amygdaloid self-stimulation in squirrel monkeys.

Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) was elicited from the anterior or lateral amygdala of eight squirrel monkeys. In the anterior amygdala, pulse trains of 50–100 msec produced high response rates at current intensities below 500 μA, while train durations of 250 and 500 msec at current intensities above 500 msec produced salivation, chewing, eye blinking, head twitching, and a decrease in rate of ICSS. In contrast, lateral amygdala stimulation did not elicit autonomic or motor signs, and rate of response increased monotonically with increases in current intensity and train duration. Simultaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) tracings from dorsal hippocampus or lateral septal sites did not indicate the concurrent presence of seizure activity. In a two-lever choice test, animals with electrodes in the lateral amygdala preferred train durations of 500 msec over shorter train durations, whereas animals with electrodes in the anterior amygdala demonstrated no preference. However, as train duration increased, rate decreased. These findings indicate that pulse train durations of 500 msec elicit several types of responses within the anterior amygdala that can inhibit self-stimulation, but the stimulation and its effects are not aversive.
A comparison of cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in olivopontocerebellar atrophy using PET.

Objective In sporadic cases of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), to determine whether local cerebral blood flow (ICBF) is reduced, whether lCBF is coupled to local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (lCMRglc), and whether lCBF measurements are potentially useful in diagnosing OPCA. Design Positron emission tomography was used with [ 15 O]H 2 O to measure lCBF and with [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose to measure lCMRglc in 17 patients with OPCA and 21 normal control subjects. Results In OPCA patients, lCBF was significantly decreased in the cerebellum, but not in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, or brainstem. In the same patients, lCMRglc was significantly decreased in the cerebellum and brainstem, where the largest changes were observed, and also in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus. The ratio of lCBF to lCMRglc, an indicator of the coupling of blood flow to metabolism, was similar in OPCA patients and normal subjects for all regions except the brainstem, where the ratio was marginally decreased in OPCA patients. Using logistic discriminant analysis to assess the ability of lCBF and lCMRglc to differentiate OPCA patients from normal subjects, we found the cross-validated sensitivity of absolute lCMRglc as a predictor of OPCA was 82% with a corresponding specificity of 71%; the sensitivity of absolute lCBF was 71% and the specificity 76%. Conclusions In sporadic cases of OPCA, lCBF is reduced in the cerebellum, CBF remains coupled to lCMRglc, and the lCBF pattern is a useful predictor of the diagnosis.
Computer aids for chemists

Abstract The goal of this ongoing project is to build a family of expert systems that can be used easily for education and research in different disciplines to solve problems in both experimental work and development of theories. Important characteristics of the systems are described. There are three classes of expert systems: conventional, automatic deductive (with symbolic and non-symbolic subclasses), and adaptive learning (with conventional and automatic subclasses). Automatic deductive and automatic adaptive learning systems are not based on the state-of-the-art and can predict unprecedented events. A basis for many problems is the construction, manipulation, and evaluation of graphs. There are two automatic deductive and two automatic adaptive learning systems capable of solving four classes problems common to many disciplines. Two interfaces called INTERACTIVE USER and SYSTEM together provide user-friendly interfaces for different subjects and varying levels of expertise. Only the INTERACTIVE USER interface need be changed for new applications. Nine service expert systems perform operations such as literature searches, high-speed information management, curve-fitting and data description. Operational prototypes exist for ten of the thirteen systems. CURFIT (curve-fitting) and FRANS (function recognition and numerical solutions) systems are available for production use on IBM-PC/AT machines and their clones. The use of the CURFIT and FRANS systems is illustrated with some simple examples.
QCD2 and the classical correspondence in the large-N limit

Abstract It is shown that the large- N limit of quantum chromodynamics in twodimensions is determined by classical equations with boundary conditions. The nonperturbative quantum spectrum of mesonic bound states is obtained from a classical equation with a simple N -dependent boundary condition on the local charge density. The simplicity of the classical correspondence is shown to be directly tied to the simplicity of the space of gauge invariant operators of the theory. Implications for other large- N models are discussed.
Implementing Economic Development in Middle America: An Analysis of Political, Administrative, and Organizational Constraints

Economic development was the synonym for urban policy in the 1980s. No longer an exclusive policy concern for older, larger cities located in the economically ravaged areas suffering from capital flight, now urban economic development is the preoccupation of city governments regardless of size or region. Although this policy terrain has received scholarly attention, most of this effort has been focused on large cities located in the industrial midwest and the densely populated coastal zones. In this research, the authors examine the administrative, political, and organizational constraints of one midsize city in rural middle America. They demonstrate that although economic development goals and basic problems may be similar among cities, strategies must be tailored to size and regional differences. They offer organizational recommendations and topics for future research that may provide small and midsize cities with more feasible approaches to economic development.
Signal Polarizations in the VHF and UHF Broadcast Spectrum

Accurate field intensity measurements require inclusion of the contribution of all wave polarization components. This paper presents the results of horizontal and vertical plane field strength measurements for the purpose of assessing the importance of measuring both components in routine environmental field monitoring. Results show that FM broadcast stations may have vertical plane field strengths 5 dB greater than in the horizontal plane but that VHF TV stations exhibit vertical fields typically 20 dB lower while UHF TV stations showed typically a 14 dB lower vertical field component. Based on these measurements made over a period of approximately a month, it is concluded that accurate exposure determination in the FM band requires making both vertical and horizontal field measurements.
Cyr61, Product of a Growth Factor-Inducible Immediate-Early Gene, Regulates Chondrogenesis in Mouse Limb Bud Mesenchymal Cells ☆

Chondrogenesis during embryonic skeletal development involves the condensation of mesenchymal cells followed by their differentiation into chondrocytes. We describe herein a previously unrecognized regulator of mammalian chondrogenesis encoded by a murine growth factor-inducible immediate-early gene, cyr61. The Cyr61 protein is a secreted, heparin-binding protein (379 amino acids with 38 conserved cysteines) that promotes cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. The expression pattern of the cyr61 gene during embryogenesis is tissue specific and temporally regulated. Most notably, cyr61 is transiently expressed in mesenchymal cells of both mesodermal and neuroectodermal origins undergoing chondrogenesis, suggesting that Cyr61 may play a role in the development of the embryonic skeleton. In this communication, we demonstrate that the Cyr61 protein promotes chondrogenesis in micromass cultures of limb bud mesenchymal cells in vitro and is likely to play a similar role in vivo based on the following observations: (1) Cyr61 is present in the embryonic limb mesenchyme during chondrogenesis in vivo and in vitro; (2) purified recombinant Cyr61 protein added exogenously to micromass cultures promotes chondrogenesis as judged by precocious expression of type II collagen, increased [35S]sulfate incorporation, and larger Alcian blue-staining cartilage nodules; (3) Cyr61 enhances cell-cell aggregation, an initial step in chondrogenesis, and promotes chondrogenic differentiation in cultures plated at subthreshold cell densities that are otherwise unable to support differentiation; and (4) neutralization of the endogenous Cyr61 with specific antibodies inhibits chondrogenesis. Taken together, these results identify Cyr61 as a novel player in chondrogenesis that contributes to the development of the mammalian embryonic skeleton.
Word level model checking—avoiding the Pentium FDIV error

The highly-publicized division error in the Pentium has emphasized the importance of formal verification of arithmetic circuits. Symbolic model checking techniques based on binary decision diagrams (BDDs) have been successful in verifying control logic. However, lack of proper representation for functions that map boolean vectors into the integers has prevented this technique from being used for verifying arithmetic operations. We have developed a new technique for verifying arithmetic circuits. The new technique, called word level model checking, has been used successfully to verify circuits for division and square root computation that are based on the SRT algorithm used by the Pentium. The technique makes it possible to handle both the control logic and the data paths in the circuit. The total number of state variables exceeds 600 (which is much larger than any circuit previously handled by other symbolic model checkers).
Quantum multi-channel decoupling

We study multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) quantum systems and explore quantum decoupling techniques that can be used to facilitate the design of quantum networks. We provide a quantum state feedback control law to change the structure of a quantum system in order to decouple the multiple channels. We show that an MIMO quantum system can be decoupled as an aggregate of n separated single-input single-output (SISO) quantum systems from an input-output point of view. We also discuss the conditions under which quantum decoupling can be achieved. We illustrate our method with several qubit and atomic systems.
Regulation compliance by vessels and disturbance of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)

The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration established a buffer zone around marine mammals to prevent harassment. The buffer zone varies by species listing status and by geographic area...
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Evokes an Increase in Intracellular Free Calcium Ion Concentrations in Single Ovarian (Granulosa) Cells*

Cytosolic free Ca2+ ion concentrations were ([Ca2+]i) measured in single swine granulosa cells using the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent indicator dye fura-2 and digital imaging videomicroscopy with high spatial and temporal resolution. Ovine FSH (oFSH) elicited specific [Ca2+]i increases, which reached their highest value within 5 min of the onset of stimulation and were sustained for 10-15 min. [Ca2+]i usually returned to prestimulated levels and cells regained full responsiveness to a second exposure to oFSH within 20 min. The effect of FSH was not blocked by pretreatment with pertussis toxin. Forskolin and 8-bromo-cAMP were able to mimic similar increases in [Ca2+]i in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. In contrast, the oFSH-induced [Ca2+]i rises were abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. The Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil completely abolished the oFSH-induced [Ca2+]i rise, but not the 8-bromo-cAMP- or the forskolin-induced [Ca2+]i rise. In summary, we have demonstrated that [Ca2+]i i...
Development of a wide-field fluorescence imaging system for evaluation of wound re-epithelialization

Normal skin barrier function depends on having a viable epidermis, an epithelial layer formed by keratinocytes. The transparent epidermis, which is less than a 100 mum thick, is nearly impossible to see. Thus, the clinical evaluation of re-epithelialization is difficult, which hinders selecting appropriate therapy for promoting wound healing. An imaging system was developed to evaluate epithelialization by detecting endogenous fluorescence emissions of cellular proliferation over a wide field of view. A custom-made 295 nm ultraviolet (UV) light source was used for excitation. Detection was done by integrating a near-UV camera with sensitivity down to 300 nm, a 12 mm quartz lens with iris and focus lock for the UV regime, and a fluorescence bandpass filter with 340 nm center wavelength. To demonstrate that changes in fluorescence are related to cellular processes, the epithelialization of a skin substitute was monitored in vitro. The skin substitute or construct was made by embedding microscopic live human skin tissue columns, 1 mm in diameter and spaced 1 mm apart, in acellular porcine dermis. Fluorescence emissions clearly delineate the extent of lateral surface migration of keratinocytes and the total surface covered by the new epithelium. The fluorescence image of new epidermis spatially correlates with the corresponding color image. A simple, user-friendly way of imaging the presence of skin epithelium would improve wound care in civilian burns, ulcers and surgeries.
The vibrational distribution of HgBr (X 2Σ) molecules formed by photodissociation of HgBr2 at 193 nma)

Laser‐induced fluorescence excited from the HgBr (B 2Σ–X 2Σ) bands has been used to determine the vibrational distribution of HgBr (X 2Σ) photofragments of the photodissociation of HgBr2 at 193 nm. The fraction of HgBr molecules initially formed in the B 2Σ state was determined to be 60+15−10%. The remaining 40+10−15% of molecules directly formed in the HgBr (X 2Σ) ground electronic state constitutes an important channel for photodissociation at 193 nm.
Induction of 150-kDa adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA (ADAR)-1 gene expression in normal T lymphocytes by anti-CD3-ε and anti-CD28

We and other investigators have demonstrated up-regulation of the expression of the RNA-editing gene 150-kDa adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA (ADAR1) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) T cells and B cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), natural killer (NK) cells. The presence of a small proportion of activated T cells is the hallmark of SLE. Therefore, it was hypothesized that 150-kDa ADAR1 gene expression is induced by the physiological activation of T cells. To examine this hypothesis, normal T cells were activated by anti-CD3-e plus anti-CD28 for various time periods from 0 to 48 hr. The expression of 110-kDa and 150-kDa ADAR1, and interleukin (IL)-2 and β-actin gene transcripts was analysed. An approximately fourfold increase in 150-kDa ADAR1 gene expression was observed in activated T cells. ADAR2 gene transcripts are substrates for ADAR1 and ADAR2 enzymes. Therefore, we assessed the role of the 150-kDa ADAR enzyme in editing of ADAR2 gene transcripts. In activated T cells, site-selective editing of the −2 site was observed. Previous studies indicate that this site is predominantly edited by ADAR1. In addition to this, novel editing sites at base positions −56, −48, −45, −28, −19, −15, +46 and +69 were identified in activated T cells. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that 150-kDa ADAR1 gene expression is selectively induced in T cells by anti-CD3-e and anti-CD28 stimulation and that it may play a role in site-selective editing of gene transcripts and in altering the functions of several gene products of T cells during activation and proliferation.
Determination of hardness to elastic modulus ratios using Knoop indentation measurements and a model based on loading and reloading half-cycles

A model is developed which results in an expression relating the residual in-surface dimension of the minor diagonal of a Knoop indenter through a “residual-width parameter” (bR/b*)2 to the hardness-to-modulus ratio (H/E) of elastic-plastic materials. The relationship is shown to predict within reasonable accuracy both the intercept and slope of a plot of (bR/b*)2 against (H/E), using data for a variety of materials. The work supplements concepts presented in two previous investigations.
901-12 Long-term Results of Right Latissimus Cardiomyoplasty

Initial experimental and clinical studies have shown that cardiomyoplasty using the right latissimus dorsi can improve left ventricular (LV) function early after operation. This study presents the long-term results of clinical application of this procedure. Between March 1991 and November 1992, 16 patients (12 men, 4 women; mean age 57; range 33-77 years) underwent operation. Survivors have now been followed for 18 months with serial right heart catheterization and radionuclide angiography at 6 month intervals. The operative mortality was 6% (1/16), but 3 additional patients experienced sudden death within 6 months of operation. Survival was 62.5% (10/16) at 12 months and 56.3% (9/16) at 18 months. The LV stroke work index (LVSWI) was improved at each postoperative interval, but the differences were not statistically significant. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) significantly increased from 26.1 ± 5.3 to 33.4 ± 10.3 ( p l 0.05), 6 weeks after operation and was not different from baseline thereafter. The LV end-diastolic volume decreased significantly at 6 months from 306.1 ± 71 to 249.4 ± 69 mL ( p l 0.01), and remained lower than the preoperative value in subsequent follow-up. Comparison of preoperative LVEF in 24 month survivors (51 and non-survivors (8) revealed that survivors had an LVEF of 30.2 ± 4.38 and nonsurvivors were 22.7 ± 2.58 ( p l 0.05). Preoperative LVSWI was also significantly greater in survivors 36.4 ± 6.91 gm-cm/m 2 vs 20.1 ± 8.26 gm-cm/m 2 , ( p l 0.05). Overall survival was limited by the occurrence of sudden death, but survivors had improved functional capacity and stabilization of cardiac size and function. We conclude that careful selection of patients with better preserved, preoperative LV function may yield improved long-term survival in right latissimus cardiomyoplasty.
Votes, Favors, Toys, and Ideas: The Effect of Resource Characteristics on Power in Exchange Networks

The goal of this research is to understand how resource characteristics influence the development of power in exchange networks. Transferability and duplicability are identified as fundamental resource characteristics that have not been examined systematically in prior social exchange research. Varying resource transferability and duplicability alters the mechanisms that produce power and determine which positions in a network have a power advantage. To predict where power will develop, I rely on existing measures for previously studied resources and introduce relevant principles of network structure for resources that have not been studied before. This theoretical logic is supported by a series of simulated exchange networks that apply behavioral principles observed in prior experimental research to the exchange of a broader variety of resources than previously considered. Results indicate how the pattern of power use in a network is contingent upon the type of resource being exchanged.
PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF AN UNSYMMETRIC OSCILLATOR INCLUDING A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THEIR STABILITY CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract The periodic solutions of a non-linear oscillator with unsymmetric restoring force and harmonic excitation are studied by means of harmonic balance using an arbitrary number of modes in the assumed solution. Comparisons between the approximate solution for two modes are made with respect to both one mode and numerical solutions. Different stability criteria have been used in a comparative analysis which shows that higher order criteria not only give more accurate results but also respect the correct sequence of flips and folds without a significant increase in computational cost.
A Note on ROC Analysis and Non-Parametric Estimate of Sensitivity.

In the signal detection paradigm, the non-parametric index of sensitivity A′, as first introduced by Pollack and Norman (1964), is a popular alternative to the more traditional d′ measure of sensitivity. Smith (1995) clarified a confusion about the interpretation of A′ in relation to the area beneath proper receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and provided a formula (which he called A′′) for this commonly held interpretation. However, he made an error in his calculations. Here, we rectify this error by providing the correct formula (which we call A) and compare the discrepancy that would have resulted. The corresponding measure for bias b is also provided. Since all such calculations apply to “proper” ROC curves with non-decreasing slopes, we also prove, as a separate result, the slope-monotonicity of ROC curves generated by likelihood-ratio criterion.
Two molecularly independent surface receptors identify bovine T lymphocytes.

Abstract E rosette formation is a commonly used technique to identify T lymphoytes in many species; however, treatment of bovine E rosettes with rhodamine-conjugated F(ab′) 2 anti-immunoglobulin resulted in 10% (range 3–18%) of these cells exhibiting fluoresncence. The failure of E rosettes to identify only non-immunoglobulin bearing cells suggested that an alternative method for T lymphocyte identification was essential. Using a labeled heterologous T cell antiserum and peanut agglutinin (PNA), identical populations of bovine T lymphocytes were identified. Unique and molecularly independent cell surface receptors were detected by dual fluorescent staining experiments, differential inhibition of cellular binding of PNA by its carbohydrate ligand, and capping experiments. Moreover, both reagents bound to approximately 62% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and virtually all thymocytes. Use of either T cell reagent in combination with rhodamine-conjugated F(ab′) 2 anti-bovine immunoglobulin provided a rapid, simple and reliable method for simultaneous enumeration of bovine T and B cells and permitted the detection of rare cells (
Deformation of metal-backed acetabular components and the impact of liner thickness in a cadaveric model

Shell deformation of resurfacing and all-metal modular cups following press-fit implantation has been reported, but not for conventional metal-backed cups with polyethylene liners. The deformation of acetabular components with historical and thin polyethylene inserts after press-fit insertion was evaluated using a cadaveric model. All shells and liners deformed upon implantation. Following joint loading, shell pinch decreased from 0.32 to 0.22 mm (p = 0.019) and from 0.29 to 0.13 mm (p = 0.003) for the thin and thick liner groups, respectively. Liner pinch also decreased from 0.17 to 0.04 mm (p = 0.031) and from 0.06 to 0 mm (p = 0.103) for the thin and thick liner groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between the thin and thick liners. Liner deformation was influenced by the initial shell deformation and donor bone quality. Shell and liner pinch decreased following joint loading, suggesting a settling in effect.
k⋅p method for strained wurtzite semiconductors

We derive the effective-mass Hamiltonian for wurtzite semiconductors, including the strain effects. This Hamiltonian provides a theoretical groundwork for calculating the electronic band structures and optical constants of bulk and quantum-well wurtzite semiconductors. We apply Kane's model to derive the band-edge energies and the optical momentum-matrix elements for strained wurtzite semiconductors. We then use the k\ensuremath{\cdot}p perturbation method to derive the effective-mass Hamiltonian, which is then checked with that derived using an invariant method based on the Pikus-Bir model. We obtain the band structure ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{i}}$ parameters in the group theoretical model explicitly in terms of the momentum-matrix elements. We also find the proper definitions of the important physical quantities used in both models and present analytical expressions for the valence-band dispersions, the effective masses, and the interband optical-transition momentum-matrix elements near the band edges, taking into account the strain effects. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Holographic Scanning Optical Design of the IBM 3687 Supermarket Bar Code Scanner

This paper is an historical and tutorial review that examines the product development life cycle of a single laser product: the IBM 3687 Supermarket Bar Code Scanner. The intent of this paper is to reveal to the reader the manner in which this product progressed from the conceptual stage to the design and development of the final product. We will begin with a brief review of the UPC bar code and the basic concepts involved in scanning the code. We will then discuss the early IBM scanner products in order to lay the groundwork for the introduction of the 3687 scanner. The major portion of the paper will be devoted to a discussion of the technical factors involved in the design of the product once the marketing decision was made to develop the product. The discussion will include those factors that influenced the decision to use holography, the problems encountered in the use of this relatively new (to bar code scanning) technology, and the solutions of those problems. In fact, the major emphasis in our discussion of the various stages of this product development life cycle will be on the development and implementation of a holographic optical element as a key component in the 3687 bar code scanner. By 1977, when this product development began, the low-power Helium-Neon laser was already a tried and tested, well established component in supermarket bar code scanners. The holographic deflector disk was, on the other hand, completely untested in any low-cost, high-volume, commer-cial product. The unique capabilities and problems associated with the use of this device will be discussed. Note that most of the dimensions in this paper will be in inches instead of in metric units. This is consistent with the units generally used by the supermarket industry in the design and installation of supermarket check-stands, and with the units generally used by the UPC standards committees.
The Effects of SFAS No. 90 on Nuclear Electric Utilities

We study the effect of SFAS No. 90 on electric utilities that were required to record substantial write‐offs due to nuclear power plants that had been impaired by regulatory disallowances or abandonments. We identified 57 firms that recorded write‐offs required under SFAS No. 90 totaling $17.7 billion. During the period surrounding the release of SFAS No. 90, many of the affected firms reduced their dividends and their common stock earned somewhat lower returns than similar firms that were not affected by the pronouncement. However, we do not attribute these differences directly to SFAS No. 90. We identify other factors that are more plausible explanations for the lower returns and dividend reductions: adverse regulatory rulings that disallowed the recovery of nuclear construction costs and lower quality earnings because of large noncash “allowance for funds used during construction” (AFUDC) accruals. We believe that follow‐up studies comparing actual effects of controversial FASB pronouncements with thos...
Dynamics of rural-urban migration in a developing economy.

This paper introduces agglomeration economies into the Harris—Todaro model of rural—urban migration in a developing economy. With the assumption of agglomeration economies in the urban sector, our model is able to explain the dynamic process of migration, starting from a ‘rural-economy’ equilibrium and moving towards an ‘urban-economy’ equilibrium. It is shown that higher expectations about urban wages and employment, beyond a certain limit, will give rise to a sudden change in the dynamic property of the economy, causing it to move from a ‘rural’ equilibrium to an ‘urban’ equilibrium.
American Higher Education in the 1960's

(1961). American Higher Education in the 1960's. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 32, No. 9, pp. 526-526.
On bandlimited, time-concentrated signal extrapolation

This presentation addresses the problem of extrapolating discrete-time, bandlimited signals, which have been observed over a short time-interval, and whose energy is known to be concentrated in an other finite time-interval. The approximate length and location of this concentration interval, and the bandwidth of the sequence are both assumed to be known. The criteria used to pick the extrapolation is that it be consistent with the given data, and have the least energy outside the concentration interval.
Cation transport in mitochondria--the potassium cycle.

The existence in mitochondria of separate, highly regulated pathways for K+ influx and efflux strongly implies that mitochondrial volume is subject to regulation in vivo. Volume, in turn, has been shown to regulate activity of the electron transport chain. Thus, the mitochondrial K+ cycle appears to play a key signalling role in regulating cellular bioenergetics, including the metabolic fate of fatty acids. Consistent with this role, the channel is inhibited by long-chain acyl-CoA esters and activated by GTP, and these ligands interact with sites that face the cytosol. The work to be summarized shows that KATP channels from mitochondria and plasma membranes are regulated by the same biochemical and pharmacological ligands. We hypothesize that the mitochondrial KATP channel, like its counterparts in the plasma membrane, is heteromultimeric, consisting of a regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (mitoSUR) an inward-rectifying K+ channel (mitoKIR).
Incomplete-case nearest neighbor imputation in software measurement data

k nearest neighbor imputation (kNNI) is one of the most popular methods in empirical software engineering for imputing missing values. kNNI typically uses only complete cases as possible donors for imputation (called complete case kNNI or CCkNNI). Though it often produces reasonable results, CCkNNI is severely limited when the amount of missing data is large (and hence the number of complete cases is small). In response, a variant of CCkNNI called incomplete case k nearest neighbor imputation (ICkNNI) has been proposed as an attractive alternative. This work presents a detailed simulation comparing CCkNNI and ICkNNI using two different software measurement datasets. The empirical results show that using incomplete cases often increases the effectiveness of nearest neighbor imputation (especially at higher missingness levels), regardless of the type of missingness (i.e., the distribution of missing values in the data).
Petrography and classification of Ca, Al‐rich and olivine‐rich inclusions in the Allende CV3 chondrite

The results of a detailed, systematic petrographic survey of Ca, Al-rich and olivine-rich inclusions in the Allende CV3 chondrite are reported, and a new classification system based on clearly defined and readily applied petrographic criteria is presented. Most Allende inclusions are aggregates containing one or more of three distinct constituents: (1) rimmed concentric objects enriched in Al- and Ti-rich oxide minerals and various amounts of Ca-rich silicates; (2) porous, 'fine-grained' chaotic material enriched in Ca-rich silicates, especially clinopyroxenes and garnets; and (3) porous, 'fine-grained', mafic inclusion matrix, enriched in olivine, pyroxene, and feldspathoids. Two texturally distinct varieties of inclusions consist primarily of inclusion matrix: unrimmed olivine aggregates and rimmed olivine aggregates. Ca, Al-rich inclusions are classified on the basis of the size and abundance of their constituent concentric objects. Some fundamental relationships among Allende inclusions that previusly have not been emphasized are discussed.
Genetic selection for mutations that impair the co‐operative binding of lambda repressor

Summary Bacteriophage λ repressor binds co-operatively to adjacent pairs of DNA target sites. A novel combination of positive genetic selections, involving two different operon fusions derived from P22 challenge phages, was used to isolate mutant λ repressors that have lost the ability to bind co-operatively to tandem sites yet retain the ability to bind a strong, single site. These cb (co-operative binding) mutations result in 10 different amino acid changes, which define eight residues in the carboxyl-terminus of repressor. Because challenge phage derivatives may be applied to study essentially any specific protein-DNA interaction, analogous combinations of genetic selections may be used to explore the ways that a variety of proteins interact to assemble regulatory complexes.
Monotonicity of input–output mappings in inverse coefficient and source problems for parabolic equations

Abstract This article presents a mathematical analysis of input–output mappings in inverse coefficient and source problems for the linear parabolic equation u t = ( k ( x ) u x ) x + F ( x , t ) , ( x , t ) ∈ Ω T : = ( 0 , 1 ) × ( 0 , T ] . The most experimentally feasible boundary measured data, the Neumann output (flux) data f ( t ) : = − k ( 0 ) u x ( 0 , t ) , is used at the boundary x = 0 . For each inverse problems structure of the input–output mappings is analyzed based on maximum principle and corresponding adjoint problems. Derived integral identities between the solutions of forward problems and corresponding adjoint problems, permit one to prove the monotonicity and invertibility of the input–output mappings. Some numerical applications are presented.