cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solubility and aggregation of Gly5 in water

Experimentally, the solubility of oligoglycines in water decreases as its length increases. Computationally, the free energy of solvation becomes more favorable with chain length for short (n = 1–5) oligoglycines. We present results of large scale simulations with over 600 pentaglycines at varying concentrations in explicit solvent to consider the mechanism of aggregation. The solubility limit of Gly5 for the force field used was calculated and compared with experimental values. We find that intermolecular interactions between pentaglycines are favored over interactions between glycine and water, leading to their aggregation. However, the interaction driving peptide associations, liquid–liquid phase separation, are not predominantly hydrogen bonding. Instead, non-hydrogen bonding interactions between partially charged atoms on the peptide backbone allow the formation of dipole–dipole and charge layering correlations that mechanistically stabilize the formation of large, stable peptide clusters.
Impingement and childhood hip disease.

Hip impingement is now recognized as a relatively common cause for hip pain in young adults. The early evolution of impingement begins in childhood in several common hip disorders (slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Perthes, early avascular necrosis due to other causes). Recognition and treatment of
Hemodynamics during anesthesia for intra-arterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke.

Background and purpose Many studies have suggested a relationship between the type of anesthesia provided during intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke and patient outcomes. Variability in blood pressure and hypotension have previously been identified as possible reasons for worse outcomes in acute stroke. Our aim was to investigate hemodynamic parameters and neurological outcomes of patients receiving either general anesthesia or conscious sedation for intra-arterial therapy of acute stroke. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing intra-arterial therapy from December 2008 to March 2015. Demographic data, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, preoperative physiological variables, procedural details, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and modified Rankin Scale scores were recorded. Results 99 patients were included in the study, with 38 receiving general anesthesia and 61 receiving conscious sedation. Patients who received general anesthesia had a lower maximum SBP (p=0.02), minimum SBP (p Conclusions Patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing intra-arterial therapy with general anesthesia had lower minimum SBP, DBP, and MAP, greater fluctuations in blood pressure, and less favorable outcomes. More studies are needed to examine the implications of variable and reduced blood pressures and neurological outcomes.
Evaluation of Tris-Bipyridine Chromium Complexes for Flow Battery Applications: Impact of Bipyridine Ligand Structure on Solubility and Electrochemistry

This report describes the design, synthesis, solubility, and electrochemistry of a series of tris-bipyridine chromium complexes that exhibit up to six reversible redox couples as well as solubilities approaching 1 M in acetonitrile. We have systematically modified both the ligand structure and the oxidation state of these complexes to gain insights into the factors that impact solubility and electrochemistry. The results provide a set of structure-solubility-electrochemistry relationships to guide the future development of electrolytes for nonaqueous flow batteries. In addition, we have identified a promising candidate from the series of chromium complexes for further electrochemical and battery assessment.
Adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the management of carcinoma of the pancreatic head

Surgical resection remains the backbone of the curative management of carcinoma of the pancreatic head. The primary cause of recurrence appears to be residuallocoregional subclinical disease.Data supporting the use and continued study of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy are summarized.
Introduction: Abuse of Tobacco and Substances

Substance abuse in pregnancy is known to have deleterious effects on neonates. These effects differ with respect to the substance ingested and can include neonatal abstinence syndrome, low birth weight, intrauterine fetal demise, and structural abnormalities such as gastroschisis.
Managing Conflicts Among Decision Makers in Multiobjective Design and Operations

Abstract We present a systematic framework to manage conflicts among decision makers (stakeholders) arising in multiobjective design and operations of process systems. Conflicts arise in these settings because stakeholders have different opinions about objectives and/or their relative priorities. The proposed framework factors in the opinion of all the stakeholders and computes a compromise solution that seeks to minimize disagreement among the stakeholders. A key advantage of the framework is that it does not require the computation of a Pareto front and can thus be used to address problems with many stakeholders and objectives. Examples are presented to illustrate the concepts.
Association of body mass index and breast cancer in hereditary breast cancer cases: A pilot study

B98 Background: >Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes result in a greatly increased risk of developing breast cancer at a young age. However, little is known about how lifestyle factors that influence breast cancer risk in premenopausal women affect women with gene mutations. Previous research in premenopausal women suggests an inverse relationship between body-mass index (BMI) and breast cancer risk. This relationship is yet to be fully determined in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Thus, the primary aim of this small pilot study is to examine whether BMI is associated with breast cancer in premenopausal women with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. >Materials and Methods: >Clinical information and tumor pathology were examined in 251 premenopausal women seen for genetic risk assessment and testing at MD Anderson Cancer Center’s Clinical Cancer Genetics Program. Height and weight information taken within 3 months of the participants’ diagnosis of invasive breast cancer was used to calculate BMI. Women with a BMI of ≥ 30 were characterized as obese; women with a BMI Results: >Of the 251 women, 31 tested positive for a BRCA gene mutation (BRCA+) and 220 tested negative for a mutation (BRCA-). Twenty-two BRCA+ women had a mutation in the BRCA1 gene; nine BRCA+ women had a mutation in the BRCA2 gene. 32.3 % of BRCA+ women were obese at the time of their breast cancer diagnosis whereas 17.7 % of BRCA- women were obese at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.09). Obesity status did not affect age at diagnosis in BRCA+ or BRCA- women (p = 0.3 and 0.4 respectively, n.s.). BRCA+ patients were more likely to have higher nuclear grade, ER/PR/Her2Neu negative (“triple negative”) tumors compared to BRCA- patients (ps Discussion: >There was a trend for a larger proportion of BRCA+ women to be obese at diagnosis compared to BRCA- women. However, further research with a larger sample population should be conducted to determine the validity of this finding. In addition, these results provide further support for previous research which suggests that tumor pathology differs in BRCA+ and BRCA- cancers.
Insulation testing of AC generator windings

The useful life of an electrical generator is directly related to the condition of the winding insulation. Non-invasive methods to assess the condition of insulation systems are typically limited to physical inspections, drawing inferences from a review of operating conditions and maintenance records, and from the results of on-line and off-line electrical testing. This paper identifies when to perform off-line electrical testing, notes testing standards and fundamentals, provides a description of the commonly performed tests and pass/fail criteria, supplies some framework to aid project staff in deciding over-potential test voltages, and articulates the implicit trade-off in over-potential testing.
Multinational Enterprises and the Challenges of Globalization

This chapter attempts to contribute to a better understanding of how multinational enterprises (MNEs) can meet the challenges of globalization. Multinational enterprises have gained considerable economic power and emerging countries have become increasingly important as markets but also as investors. In this study, we focus on the expansion of two European MNEs into Asia. Our analysis shows that this region is seen as a crucial marketplace, which explains why companies seek to locate more resources in Asia. They attempt to develop managerial practices that facilitate the integration of subsidiaries in local business environments. This key factor can be considered as a driver for success.
Trabajo Social Socio Jurídico en Chile: génesis, desarrollo histórico y desafíos disciplinares

RESUMEN: Este articulo desarrolla la genesis del Trabajo Social Socio Juridico bajo la influencia del higienismo y del modelo juridico de la epoca en que se crea la profesion en Chile. Aborda su desarrollo disciplinar desde 1928 y el cambio de paradigma a partir de la Convencion de los Derechos del Nino en 1990, identificando algunos hitos que han marcado los desafios que el Trabajo Social Socio Juridico ha enfrentado en los 90 anos de existencia del Trabajo Social en Chile.
Intraoperative Imaging in Cardiac Surgery

Coronary artery bypass surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures in the USA and worldwide. The long-term outcomes of the procedure, such as survival, freedom from angina, and quality of life, are determined by graft patency and completeness of revascularization. On average, from 20 to 30 % of all grafts are no longer patent at 12 months after the surgery. From 3 to 12 % of grafts fail immediately or in the early postoperative period. To a great extent, the long-term success of the surgery is dependent on intraoperative graft patency evaluation, with detection and subsequent revision of failed grafts in a timely manner. A number of techniques have been developed for intraoperative graft assessment. Currently coronary angiography, intraoperative fluorescent imaging, and transit time flow measurement are utilized for this purpose. The last two techniques are most commonly used as they are relatively efficient and noninvasive while being of low risk to the patient. However, the information provided by these methods is fairly limited and inferior to the information obtained by coronary angiography. Coronary angiography is the “gold standard” for graft patency assessment. Unfortunately, it is not normally available in the majority of operating rooms. However, specially designed state-of-the-art hybrid operating rooms allow utilization of high-quality coronary angiography intraoperatively. A hybrid strategy combines conventional operating room capability with contemporary endovascular imaging, offering a full range of interventional, imaging, and surgical services in one place. As hybrid operating rooms become more available, increasing use of coronary angiography can be expected.
Copying for Religious Reasons: A Comment on Principles of Copyright and Religious Freedom

A growing number of copyright cases involve disputes over the copying of religious texts by defendants who claim a religious need to use them. The interplay of copyright and religious freedom raises complex and interesting issues. This comment makes two points. First, although accommodation of the interests of some religious users of a religious texts is justified, the accommodation is likely to come through copyright law itself, and not through an independent claim of religious freedom. To put it another way, in a case where copyright law prohibits the copying by a religious user, courts are unlikely to declare any exemption from the copyright law because of religious freedom principles - and indeed, they should be relatively reluctant to declare an exemption. Although I generally defend the idea of exempting religious exercise from some laws in order to preserve religious freedom, I offer a number of reasons why free exercise exemptions are, and should be, infrequent with respect to copyright law. With respect to each of these reasons, however, I also enter some caveats. Broad liability for copyright infringement can interfere with religious freedom. Such interference can mostly be prevented by proper interpretation of copyright law, in particular the fair use doctrine, and part II presents the copyright-based arguments for shielding certain religious uses through copyright doctrines. This part also attempts to define exactly what the line should be between permissible and impermissible religious uses. But if copyright law is not up to the task of protecting religious uses - if liability doctrines are interpreted too broadly, and defenses such as fair use too narrowly - then a religious-use exemption may occasionally be necessary.
Visualizing Library Metadata for Discovery

The benefits of visualization have been discussed widely and it is already implemented into library services. However, use cases for visualization have been mostly focused on collection analysis to improve collection development policies and budget management, not for discovery services that take full advantage of the rich information contained in library catalog records. One of the challenges of working with library catalog records for visualization is the sheer volume of elements (such as control field, data field, subfield, and indicators) and information included in the MAchine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) format records. As is well-known, there are more than 1,900 fields in the MARC 21, which is just too many to use for effective visualizations (Moen and Benardino, 2003). In addition, some fields are used for recording the same information, for example, the control field 008 positions 7 to 14 and the subfield $c of the data field 264 are used for the production related date information. Instead of showing a clear relationship between resources, the large number of elements and duplicated information included in the catalog record may muddle those relationships in any visualization. The question then is which information added in which fields of the MARC 21 format catalog records should be considered essential information to be included in library catalog data visualizations for discovery. This paper explores ways to improve discovery service by visualizing selective library data.
Current Social Media Conversations about Genetics and Genomics in Health: A Twitter-Based Analysis.

Background The growing availability of genomic information to the public may spur discussion about genetics and genomics on social media. Sites, including Twitter, provide a unique space for the public to access and discuss health information. The objective of this study was to better understand how social media users are sharing information about genetics and genomics in health and healthcare and what information is most commonly discussed among Twitter users. Methods We obtained tweets with specific genetics- and genomics-related keywords from Crimson Hexagon. We used Boolean logic to collect tweets containing chosen keywords within the timeframe of October 1, 2016, to October 1, 2017. Features of the software were used to identify salient themes in conversation, conduct an emergent content analysis, and gather key demographic information. Results We obtained 347,196 tweets from our search. There was a monthly average volume of 28,432 tweets. The five categories of tweets included: genetic disorders/disease (45.3%), health (15.6%), genomics (8%), and genetic testing (7.3%). Top influencers in the conversation included news outlets and universities. Conclusions This content analysis provides insight about the types of conversation related to genomics and health. Conversations about genomics are occurring on Twitter, and they frequently emphasize rare genetic diseases and genetic disorders. These discussions tend to be driven by key influencers who primarily include news media outlets. Further understanding of the discussions related to genomics and health in social media may offer insight about topics of importance to the public.
Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on Women in Cyber Security

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2017 Women in Cyber Security Workshop - CyberW'17. The mission of this workshop is multi-fold. First and foremost, we hope to attract females and people from other underrepresented groups to engage in cutting-edge security and privacy research. Second, we hope to showcase the achievements of outstanding female and minority researchers and leaders and encourage others to take on senior and leadership roles. Last but not the least, the workshop provides an interactive forum for helping people who seek research feedback and career advice. We are extremely honored to have a group of outstanding security and privacy researchers, whose mindsets are aligned with the CyberW missions, to give two (2) insightful opening remarks and six (6) technical keynotes. The open remarks are: Why a Cyber Security Career for a Woman?, Dr. Bhavani Thuraisingham (Louis A. Beecherl, Jr. Distinguished Professor, Executive Director of the Cyber Security Research Institute, University of Texas at Dallas) Truth, Social Justice (and the American Way?), Dr. David Evans (Professor, University of Virginia) The technical keynotes are: The Evolutionary Mess: Computing and Cybersecurity Come of Age, Dr. Stephanie Forrest (Center Director of the Biodesign Institute and Professor, Arizona State University) Research Challenges and Opportunities in IoT Security, Dr. Elisa Bertino (Samuel Conte Term Professor, Research Director of CERIAS, Director of Cyber Center, Purdue University) Privacy in Today's World, Dr. Rebecca Wright (Professor, Director of DIMACS, Rutgers University) Privacy and Trust: Friend or Foe, Dr. Ling Liu (Professor, Director of Distributed Data Intensive Systems Lab, Georgia Institute of Technology) Human-Centric Cyber, Diane Staheli (Technical Staff, Assistant Group Leader, MIT Lincoln Laboratory) Security and Privacy in the Age of IoT, Dr. Alvaro Cardenas (Assistant Professor, University of Texas at Dallas)
Contactless Infant Monitoring using White Noise

White noise machines are among the most popular devices to facilitate infant sleep. We introduce the first contactless system that uses white noise to achieve motion and respiratory monitoring in infants. Our system is designed for smart speakers that can monitor an infant's sleep using white noise. The key enabler underlying our system is a set of novel algorithms that can extract the minute infant breathing motion as well as position information from white noise which is random in both the time and frequency domain. We describe the design and implementation of our system, and present experiments with a life-like infant simulator as well as a clinical study at the neonatal intensive care unit with five new-born infants. Our study demonstrates that the respiratory rate computed by our system is highly correlated with the ground truth with a correlation coefficient of 0.938.
Dietary fat and fiber impacts intestinal microbiome resilience to antibiotics and Clostridoides difficile infection in mice

Abstract Clostridoides difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and there has been a steady increase in the number of new infections, emphasizing the importance of novel prevention strategies. Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and disruption of the intestinal microbiome is one of the most important risk factors of CDI. We used a murine model of antibiotic-induced CDI to investigate the relative contributions of high dietary fat and low dietary fiber on disease pathogenesis. We found that high fat, but not low fiber resulted in increased mortality from CDI (HR 4.95) and increased levels of C. difficile toxin production compared to a regular low-fat/high-fiber mouse diet even though we did not observe a significant change in C. difficile carriage. The high-fat diet also increased levels of primary bile acids known to be germination factors for C. difficile spores. Mice fed low-fat/low-fiber diets did not show increased CDI pathogenesis, but did have a larger antibiotic-induced gut microbiome disturbance compared to mice fed a high-fiber diet, characterized by a greater decrease in alpha diversity. This microbiome disturbance was associated with a loss of secondary bile acids and short chain fatty acids, which are both microbial metabolic products previously shown to protect against CDI. These data suggest that a low-fiber diet contributes to antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, while a high-fat diet promotes CDI pathogenesis. These findings indicate that dietary interventions that increase fiber and decrease fat may be an effective prevention strategy for individuals at high risk of CDI. One Sentence Summary High dietary fat promoted mortality in a mouse model of antibiotic-induced C. difficile infection and low dietary fiber caused higher microbiome disturbance upon broad-spectum antibiotic exposure, suggesting that diets low in fat and high in fiber may protect against C. difficile pathogenesis.
Optimized Extraction of Insect Genomic DNA for Long-Read Sequencing.

Long-read sequencing technologies continue to increase the length of reads, and at present can average read lengths of >20 kb up to 60–80 kb. Now the challenge is to extract genomic DNA of sufficient fragment size and quality to support longer read lengths. We developed a successful method to consistently obtain high-quality long genomic DNA from insects. The optimal developmental stage of insects for genomic DNA extraction was determined to be the pupal stage, eliminating DNA from ingested food and reducing contamination by chitinous material that can interfere with extraction. Improved results were obtained by a modified procedure of a commercial genomic DNA extraction kit. Initially, soft pupal tissue of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was disrupted in the kit lysis buffer using Teflon micropestles. Modifications to the kit protocol also included gentle mixing by inversion of the tube, instead of harsh vortexing steps, and using wide-bore pipette tips in transferring fractions containing genomic DNA. Data from one sample were provided as an example of successful downstream library production and sequencing. While the technique has been optimized for insects, extractions from tissues of other organisms using these modified procedures also may improve long-read sequencing results.
Advances and opportunities in gene editing and gene regulation technology for Yarrowia lipolytica.

Yarrowia lipolytica has emerged as a biomanufacturing platform for a variety of industrial applications. It has been demonstrated to be a robust cell factory for the production of renewable chemicals and enzymes for fuel, feed, oleochemical, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Metabolic engineering of this non-conventional yeast started through conventional molecular genetic engineering tools; however, recent advances in gene/genome editing systems, such as CRISPR–Cas9, transposons, and TALENs, has greatly expanded the applications of synthetic biology, metabolic engineering and functional genomics of Y. lipolytica. In this review we summarize the work to develop these tools and their demonstrated uses in engineering Y. lipolytica, discuss important subtleties and challenges to using these tools, and give our perspective on important gaps in gene/genome editing tools in Y. lipolytica.
GreenMaps: a Tool for Addressing the Wallacean Shortfall in the Global Distribution of Plants

Abstract The exponential growth of species occurrence data can facilitate dynamic biodiversity analyses. However, raw biodiversity data alone should not be used indiscriminately due to inherent sampling biases, impediments that contribute to Wallacean shortfall (i.e. the paucity of species’ geographic information). It has been suggested that Wallacean shortfall is a common phenomenon across taxa, however, there is no global assessment geared toward overcoming this impediment for plants, despite the fundamental role of plants in ecosystem stability, food security and biodiversity conservation. Here, I present GreenMaps, a new tool that will permit a rapid initial assessment of the Wallacean shortfall for plants by building base maps of species’ predicted distributions upon which citizen science participation could contribute to spatial validation of the actual range occupied by species. The initial stages of GreenMaps have now been accomplished, providing a massive dataset of modeled range maps for over 194,000 vascular plant species. This will make it the largest and only global assessment of geographic distributions for plant species at scales relevant to research and conservation. Ultimately, GreenMaps will interface with a mobile application to enable volunteers from any region of the world to validate predicted species distributions to be used for the generation of new and improved global map of plant distributions.
Profile of Xiaowei Zhuang, winner of the 2020 Vilcek Prize in Biomedical Science.

In 2006, the New York City-based Vilcek Foundation created an annual prize program for foreign-born biomedical scientists who have made major contributions to their fields while living and working in the United States. The founders, themselves immigrants from Czechoslovakia, established the program to raise public awareness of the indispensable role of immigrant scientists in ensuring the United States’ leadership on the world science stage. Recipients currently receive a cash award and commemorative sculpture designed by New York-based graphic designer Stefan Sagmeister. Over the past 15 years, scientists born in 12 different countries have been selected by a jury of peers to receive Vilcek Prizes, illustrating the diversity of backgrounds of immigrant scientists in the United States who become leaders in their fields of study. In 2009 the prize program was expanded to include a second tier of prizes, Vilcek Prizes for Creative Promise, for a younger generation of foreign-born biomedical scientists who have risen to prominence among peers through noteworthy early-career accomplishments. Vilcek Prizes for Creative Promise include a cash award and commemorative plaque. Currently, three recipients are chosen each year to receive Vilcek Prizes for Creative Promise (The Foundation also honors outstanding immigrants working in the arts and humanities through a parallel track of the prize program). Fig. 1. Xiaowei Zhuang receiving the 2019 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences. Image credit: Breakthrough Prize Foundation and Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences Foundation. Fig. 2. MPS in neurons revealed by STORM. Image credit: the Xiaowei Zhuang Laboratory. Fig. 3. Cell atlas of the preoptic region in mouse brain generated by MERFISH. Image credit: the Xiaowei Zhuang and Catherine Dulac Laboratories. Fig. 4. MERFISH images of RNAs from 10,050 genes in individual cells. Image credit: the Xiaowei Zhuang Laboratory. The 2020 Vilcek Prize in biomedical science has been awarded to Chinese-born Xiaowei Zhuang, a biophysicist at Harvard University, for her … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: pnair{at}nas.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Harnessing Natural Killer Cell Function for Genitourinary Cancers

Natural killer (NK) cells are potently cytolytic innate lymphocytes involved in the immune surveillance of tumors and virally infected cells. Although much progress has been made in manipulating the ability of T cells to recognize and eliminate tumors, a comprehensive understanding of NK-cell infiltration into solid tumors, and their amenability to immunomodulation, remains incomplete. This article discusses recent studies showing that urologic tumors are infiltrated by NK cells and that these NK cells are often dysfunctional, but that strategies interfering with inhibitory axes have significant potential to alleviate this dysfunction.
Imaging of meniscal allograft transplantation: what the radiologist needs to know

Meniscal allograft transplantation is an emerging surgical option for younger patients with symptomatic meniscal deficiency, which aims to restore anatomic biomechanics and load distribution in the knee joint, and by so doing to potentially delay accelerated osteoarthritis. In this review article, we summarize the structure and biomechanics of the native meniscus, describe indications and procedure technique for meniscal allograft transplantation, and demonstrate the spectrum of expected postoperative imaging and role of imaging to identify potential complications.
Chapter 20 – Technical Standards: Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) Licensing

This chapter in the forthcoming case book "Intellectual Property Licensing and Transactions" covers licensing transactions involving standards-essential patents (SEPs), including recent legal developments regarding the disclosure (and concealment) of SEPs, fair, reasonable and nondiscriminatory (FRAND) royalty rates, non-discriminatory licensing, the availability of injunctive relief for FRAND-encumbered patents, and transfers of FRAND commitments, as well as specific SDO policy clauses and license text addressing each of these issues. [Note: updated to address Ninth Circuit decision in FTC v. Qualcomm, 8/11/20]
Reintroducing species when threats still exist: assessing the suitability of contemporary landscapes for island endemics

Reintroducing species into landscapes with persistent threats is a conservation challenge. Although historic threats may not be eliminated, they should be understood in the context of contemporary landscapes. Regenerating landscapes often contain newly emergent habitat, creating opportunities for reintroductions. The Endangered St Croix ground lizard Pholidoscelis polops was extirpated from the main island of St Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, as a result of habitat conversion to agriculture and predation by the small Indian mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus. The species survived on two small cays and was later translocated to two islands. Since the 1950s, new land-cover types have emerged on St Croix, creating a matrix of suitable habitat throughout the island. Here we examined whether the new habitat is sufficient for a successful reintroduction of the St Croix ground lizard, utilizing three complementary approaches. Firstly, we compared a map from 1750 to the current landscape of St Croix and found statistical similarity of land-cover types. Secondly, we determined habitat suitability based on a binomial mixture population model developed as part of the programme monitoring the largest extant population of the St Croix ground lizard. We estimated the habitat to be sufficient for > 142,000 lizards to inhabit St Croix. Thirdly, we prioritized potential reintroduction sites and planned for reintroductions to take place during 2020–2023. Our case study demonstrates how changing landscapes alter the spatial configuration of threats to species, which can create opportunities for reintroduction. Presuming that areas of degraded habitat may never again be habitable could fail to consider how regenerating landscapes can support species recovery. When contemporary landscapes are taken into account, opportunities for reintroducing threatened species can emerge.
High-energy nanosecond parametric source at 2.7 µm.

We report a high-energy nanosecond KTiOAsO4-based optical parametric oscillator and amplifier system driven by a 1064-nm, injection-seeded, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser to provide mid-infrared pumping for few-cycle optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification operating in the long-wave infrared spectral regime. An output energy of 10.5 mJ at 2726 nm was obtained from the final power amplifier with a spectral width of 2.8 nm, pulse duration of 1.2 ns, and M2 value of 2.4. The parametric source provides for the second mode of operation, where 10-ns pulses are produced by disabling the electro-optic slicing that enables the 1-ns mode. For 10-ns operation, the source produced energy of 25 mJ with a M2 value of 2.8.
Reconstruction of anatomy and care provisioning in a severe case of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.

Abstract Objective This analysis aims to clinically and socially contextualize a set of human remains (TBK Br8) with severe systemic skeletal dysmorphology from Tashbulak, Uzbekistan (8th-11th c. Common Era [CE]). Materials One well-preserved and nearly-complete human skeleton. Methods Remains were assessed and documented macroscopically. Results Endochondrally derived skeletal elements in TBK Br8 were observed to be underdeveloped. Extensive proliferation of bone had invaded all but one observable joint, variably occluding most intervertebral foramina, the lumbar vertebral canal, and transverse foramina of the cervical spine. Conclusions The remains were diagnosed with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED), possibly the subtype progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda with progressive arthropathy. Rendered functionally paraplegic by the time of death, TBK Br8 likely suffered from widespread areas of numbness, tingling, weakness and/or pain in the lower limbs and thorax, and perhaps transient psychological symptoms. Significance The severity of TBK Br8’s disease would have had significant implications to their daily interactions in a society with deep roots in nomadic lifeways, and is a testament to the care required to enable survival. Limitations Radiology, genetic, and histologic analyses are unavailable. Suggestions for future research Focused genetic testing for mutations previously shown to be associated with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias.
Combined effects of nanoparticles and other environmental contaminants on human health - an issue often overlooked

Abstract Air pollution is considered as a major public health issue worldwide. It consists of a complex mixture of pollutants including nanoparticles to which we are increasingly exposed to due to the dramatic development of the nanotechnologies and their incidental or intentional release in the environment. Consequently, some concerns have raised about the combined toxicity of air particulates and other air pollutants on human health. However, the interactions between the contaminants and their resulting combined toxicity are often overlooked. Indeed, the biological effects triggered by nanoparticles are usually assessed focusing on individual nanoparticles, while their interaction with co-contaminants can deeply impact, either positively or negatively, their biodistribution, fate in the organism and toxicological profile (additive, synergistic or antagonistic responses). This paper presents a bibliographic review on the combined toxicity of nanoparticles and co-pollutants and discusses the underlying mechanisms. It also highlights the scarcity of data in the current literature, arguing for an urgent need to take into account the mixture effects to be more representative of real-life conditions for a better and accurate human health risk assessment and management.
Uterine torsion in a full-term pregnancy presenting as prolonged latent phase and fetal intolerance of labor: A case report.

Abstract Background Uterine torsion is defined as torsion of the uterus around its longitudinal axis exceeding 45 degrees. It is a rare obstetric complication. It is a dangerous complication that can lead to placental abruption and intrauterine fetal death. Although rare, early diagnosis is crucial to expedite intervention and optimize outcomes. While the few cases in the current literature have documented acute presentations of uterine torsion, our case is unique in that it had a slower evolution. Case A 38-year-old woman, G2P0, was admitted at 37 weeks 0 days of gestation for induction of labor for gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, and maternal BMI of 60. Due to a prolonged latent phase of labor and fetal intolerance of labor, primary cesarean was recommended. Through a sub-umbilical approach, the uterus was dextro-rotated almost 180 degrees and blanched with engorged uterine vessels. A vertical uterine incision was made, and a asphyxiated female infant was delivered via breech extraction. APGAR scores were 2, 7, and 8. The infant required brief respiratory support following delivery. The postoperative course was uncomplicated, with normal recovery time. Conclusion Uterine torsion poses significant risk to both mother and fetus. The phenomenon is so rare that epidemiological data are difficult to gather. In our case, the presentation was gradual compared with the acute presentations that have been reported, which may mislead clinicians toward more benign diagnoses. Our case report aims to add to the literature on uterine torsion, providing a unique presentation, clinical features, and treatment.
Existential Implications of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD)

Internet gaming disorder (IGD), a condition warranting further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5, has received considerable research attention in recent years (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Characterized by problematic and repetitive use of Internetbased games, research suggests a complex etiology and that frequent usage, in and of itself, is not necessarily always problematic. Common motivations for intense usage, such as feelings of isolation, distress, and boredom may, in part, reflect an individual’s best attempts to navigate contact with the ‘ultimate’ anxieties identified by Yalom (1980). This article reviews the research pertaining to IGD, conceptualizes the disorder from an existentialhumanistic therapy (E-H) perspective, and concludes with an explanation of how E-H can offer a unique treatment perspective from which to work with clients struggling with problematic online gaming concerns within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. © 2021 American Psychological Association
Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamic Studies in the System CaO-FeO-Fe 2 O 3 -SiO 2

Phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the system CaO−FeO−Fe2O3−SiO2 were studied at 1450° and 1550°C, over a range ofpO2 from 1 to about 10−11 atm. Isothermal phase diagrams and activity-composition diagrams were constructed for 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt pct SiO2 sections. The data are applicable to further understanding the behavior of simple BOF steelmaking slags.
Naive Set Theory

Zermelo—Fraenkel set theory, which forms the main topic of the book, is a rigorous theory, based on a precise set of axioms. However, it is possible to develop the theory of sets considerably without any knowledge of those axioms. Indeed, the axioms can only be fully understood after the theory has been investigated to some extent. This state of affairs is to be expected. The concept of a’ set of objects’ is a very intuitive one, and, with care, considerable, sound progress may be made on the basis of this intuition alone. Then, by analyzing the nature of the’ set’ concept on the basis of that initial progress, the axioms may be ‘discovered’ in a perfectly natural manner.
Target zones and the distribution of exchange rates

Abstract We develop a parsimonious parameterization of exchange rate density function under target zones that enables us to estimate the approximate shapes of density curves from the exchange rate data. We find that the distributions of exchange rates can take several different shapes, which may correspond to possibly widely different monetary and exchange-rate intervention policies, including the marginal and intramarginal intervention policies discussed in previous theoretical models.
Magnetotransport In (TMTSF)2PF6 and (TMTSF)2C104 Under Pressure

Abstract We have shown from the magnetotransport that the Fermi surface of (TMTSF)2PF6 is effectively closed two-dimensionally and is compensated in the metallic state at low temperature. These results are inconsistent with a broad regime of one-dimensional superconducting fluctuations. Independent electron theory is seen to be inadequate to explain either the Fermi surface or the threshold field for oscillations, thereby implying that correlation effects are still important in the metallic state. Finally, an anomaly has been observed in the magnetotransport of (TMTSF)2C104 which is analogous to the threshold field in (TMTSF)2PF6.
The effect of urethral instrumentation on uroflowmetry.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate in a prospective study the effect of urethral instrumentation (flexible cystoscopy) on uroflowmetry, and in particular the peak urinary flow rate (Qmax). PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-two consecutive patients (median age 61.8 years, range 24–80) undergoing flexible cystoscopy were included in the analysis. Patients with active urethral stricture disease or urinary infection were excluded. The indications for cystoscopy included haematuria (44%), voiding symptoms (66%), history of bladder cancer (19%), and history of perineal trauma (3%). Patients underwent uroflowmetry immediately before instrumentation. The postvoid residual volume (PVR) was measured by bladder catheterization. After cystoscopy the bladder was completely emptied and then filled with the same volume of sterile normal saline (bladder volume = voided volume + PVR), and the patient underwent a second uroflowmetry. RESULTS Patients with voiding symptoms (21, 66%) had a median (range) American Urological Association symptom score of 17 (4–34), a Bother score of 16 (1–23), and Quality of Life score of 3 (1–6). The mean Qmax was 16.9 (4.5–36.9) and 13.3 (4.5–39.4) mL/s before and after cystoscopy, respectively (P = 0.029). The mean percentage difference in Qmax was + 27 (− 23 to 139)% higher before than after cystoscopy. After cystoscopy, up to 25% (eight) and 21% (seven) patients had a lower Qmax, from > 15 to 12 to < 12 mL/s, respectively. There were no significant differences in the bladder volume and PVR (P = 0.914 and 0.984, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Urethral instrumentation by flexible cystoscopy significantly alters Qmax. A ‘false’ mean change in Qmax (favouring improvement) of +27% would result if uroflowmetry data after instrumentation were used at baseline. Therefore, study protocols for benign prostatic obstruction should exclude uroflowmetry data obtained after urethral instrumentation; failure to exclude such data will lead to disproportionately greater improvements in Qmax that are independent of the therapy delivered.
Rapid electron trapping studied by pump-probe photoconductivity: kinetic analysis

The use of ultrafast pump-probe conductivity (PPC) for studies of photoelectron dynamics in nonpolar molecular liquids has been based upon the perturbation of geminate recombination dynamics of trapped electrons by their laser photoexcitation into the conduction band. Such a method is unsuitable for the studies of electron trapping dynamics of quasifree electrons per se. We demonstrate that the PPC method can be extended to study such dynamics, provided that the time resolution of the conductivity setup is better than the ratio mu[e_qf]tau[e_qf]/mu[e_trap] of the mobility-lifetime product for the quasifree electron and the mobility of the trapped electron. For some liquids (e.g., supercritical CO2) this time is sufficiently long (> 100 ns) and the standard conductivity equipment can be used. Even if the time resolution cannot be increased (due to the adverse effect on the sensitivity), the trapping dynamics can be studied provided that the trapping competes with cross recombination of quasifree electrons with holes in the solvent bulk. Since the mobility of these quasifree electrons is very large (10-10^3 cm^2/Vs), this recombination is facile even when the density of ionization events is fairly low (< 1 mM). Perturbation of the geminate electron-hole dynamics is not required for this method to work.
Erythroid cell development in fetal mice: Synthetic capacity for different proteins

Abstract Fetal mice of the C57BL/6J strain were used in a study of the rates of synthesis of RNA, total protein and hemoglobin by developing erythroid cells derived from two different sites of erythropoiesis, namely, yolk-sac blood islands and liver. In fetal mice, erythropoiesis proceeds initially in yolk-sac blood islands (8 to 12 days of gestation) and, subsequently, in liver (12 to at least 16 days). In yolk-sac erythroid cells, RNA content and RNA synthesis decrease markedly between the eleventh and thirteenth days of gestation. The rate of synthesis of non-heme protein in these cells declines rapidly from day 12 to 13, while the rate of hemoglobin formation remains essentially unchanged from day 11 through day 13. Actinomycin D inhibits the synthesis of RNA and non-heme protein, but not hemoglobin formation by yolk-sac erythroid cells of the 11-day fetus. In erythroid cells developing in liver, the rate of hemoglobin synthesis, averaged per cell, remains essentially unchanged between day 13 and 15. The rate of hemoglobin synthesis in circulating non-nucleated liver-derived erythroid cells is about threefold that in the population of nucleated erythroid cell precursors in the liver. Actinomycin inhibits hemoglobin synthesis by liver erythroid cells prepared from the liver of the 13-day fetus but not from 14-, 15- or 16-day fetuses. These data suggest that in yolk-sac erythroid cells, non-heme protein formation is limited by a relatively short-lived component essential to protein synthesis, which may be messenger RNA. Hemoglobin formation in yolk-sac erythroid cells after day 11 and in liver erythroid cells after day 14 appears to proceed without a dependence on new RNA synthesis.
Differences in eating patterns of successful and unsuccessful dieters, untreated overweight and normal weight individuals

Abstract Behavioral treatments of obesity appear to make two assumptions. First, obese and non-obese individuals may differ in specific eating behaviors or “eating styles”. Second, successful treatment may change the obese individual's eating style to resemble that of the non-obese. These assumptions were examined by comparing eating behaviors of successfully and unsuccessfully treated overweight individuals, untreated overweight individuals, and normal weight individuals. Subject were female college students and staff who ate a standardized meal in a laboratory setting. The behaviors measured were meal duration, number of bites, sips and chews, and the number of times utensils were placed down between mouthfuls. Results did not support either assumption. Obese and non-obese subjects did not differ in eating styles. Instead, treated subjects differed from untreated subjects. Treated subjects ate longer and placed utensils down more frequently than did untreated subjects. Therefore the behavioral treatment program used in this study did appear to change eating behaviors, but these changes were not associated with success or failure in weight loss efforts.
Rights and american constitutional identity

Much of contemporary constitutional theory underestimates the disharmonies within and disharmonies of constitutional orders. This article examines the dissonance characterizing constitutional identity that is present either in the disjunction between a constitution and the social order within which it functions, or between commitments internal to the document itself. From very early on, American framing of rights has revealed a tension between individual and collective meanings, between rights of persons and rights of the people. This article explores the manifestation of this tension in the evolution of the vexing concept of unenumerated rights. While expressive of the particularities of the American constitutional experience, the story illustrates a broader developmental process that is endemic to the constitutional condition.
Li+F− in aqueous solution

The energy hypersurface for the system Li(H2O)–F(H2O) is investigated using the polarization model. A possible mechanism for the production of HF in this solution droplet is observed.