cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-Ionization of Krypton and Its Ions by High-Energy Electron Impact

Estimates of the total ionization and multi-ionizsation high-energy- electron collision cross sections have been obtained for krypton and its ground- state ions. The total cross sections were computed within the framework of the Bethes-Born high-energy-approximation theory using the semiclassical projection- operator technique of Hsahn and Watson and the independent-particle model for atoms due to Green, Sellin, and Zachor. Both direct continuum ionization and inner-shell excitation followed by Auger ionizing transitions were taken into account. Multiple-ionization cross sections were then estimated using experimental information on electron emission following ejection of inner-shell electrons in neutral krypton and a simplified model of Auger cascading in ions. The results, applied to a calculation of the cumulative ionization produced by a relativistic electron ring beam interacting with a krypton pressure pulse, indicate that Auger processes have a significant influence in speeding up ionization rates in such a system. (auth)
Estimating the power of Mars’ greenhouse effect

Abstract Extensive modeling of Mars in conjunction with in situ observations suggests that the annual average global mean surface temperature is T s ¯ ∼ 202 K . Yet its effective temperature, i.e., the temperature at which a blackbody radiates away the energy it absorbs, is Te ∼ 208 K. How can a planet with a CO2 atmosphere have a mean annual surface temperature that is actually less than its effective temperature? We use the Ames General Circulation Model explain why this is the case and point out that the correct comparison of the effective temperature is with the effective surface temperature Tse, which is the fourth root of the annual and globally averaged value of T s 4 . This may seem obvious, but the distinction is often not recognized in the literature.
Shift operator matrices for the nearest-neighbor problem in two-dimensional, hexagonal-cell lattices

Abstract We show how to construct shift operator matrices (SOM's), the eigenvalues of which yield the partition function for a system of simple, indistinguishable, nearest-neighbor-interacting particles distributed on planar M × N, hexagonal-cell lattice spaces. By an appropriate transformation, the SOM for an M × ∞ planar lattice (having two free edges) is mapped into the SOM for a cylindrical lattice (having no free edges).
Microsomal oxidation of α-thiocarboxylic acids to sulfoxides

Abstract Five carboxyl-labeled 14 C-α-thiocarboxylic acids were synthesized by reaction of carboxyl- 14 C-iodoacetate with ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, phenyl and benzyl mercaptans. These compounds were found to be oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides by the microsomal fraction from rat liver homogenates. The system required an NADPH-regenerating system and O 2 and is optimal at pH 7.4. The oxidative reaction proceeds in a linear fashion at 37° until substrate is nearly completely converted; K m for S-car-boxymethylethyl mercaptan is 8 × 10 −4 M.
Organometallic complexes containing 17-ethynyl-17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one and related ethynyl steroids

Gold complexes of 17-ethynyl-17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one, 17-ethynyl-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-ol, and 17α-ethynylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol have been prepared and characterized. The title compounds were prepared by treatment of the parent ethynyl steroid with sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide followed by the addition of R3PAuCl. Using a variety of phosphorus donors, a total of 36 gold steroid compounds were readily prepared using this approach. Compounds containing basic low cone angle phosphines such as PMe3 and PEt3 exhibited broad signals in the 13C{1H} NMR spectrum for the alkyne moiety, while compounds containing triarylphosphines or moderately bulky trialkylphosphines exhibited sharp signals. Correlations between common measures of phosphine donor ability with 2 J CP and 3 J CP as well as changes in the 31P chemical shift were made. While the use of low cone angle phosphines was successful, analogous reactions with trimesitylphosphine or tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine resulte...
Electronic energy and charge transfer in ion-atom collisions from a first principles dynamics: He + +D and H + +Li

Abstract We present a first principles molecular dynamics where a many-electron system is described over time allowing for its self-consistent coupling to evolving nuclear motions. Our treatment introduces molecular orbitals written as linear combinations of traveling atomic functions, needed to properly describe state-to-state electronic transitions, and a relax-and-drive procedure to propagate solutions to the coupled equations with different timescales. State-to-state integral cross-sections have been calculated for electron transfer and for excitation, and compare very well to experimental values and other calculations.
Enhanced thermal stability of amorphous aluminum alloys through microalloying

Abstract Amorphous aluminum alloy powders with compositions of Al 85 Y 7 Fe 8 , Al 83 Y 7 Fe 8 Ti 2 , and Al 79 Y 7 Fe 8 Ni 3 Ti 2 Nd 1 were synthesized with crystallization temperatures of 342 °C, 446 °C, and 457 °C, respectively. In-situ high-temperature synchrotron diffraction results were correlated with differential scanning calorimetry studies to investigate the structural evolution during the crystallization. The results show that, through microalloying, the onset-of-crystallization temperature was increased by 115 °C, and the resulting crystalline products changed from a mixture of fcc-Al and an intermetallic phase in the case of Al 85 Y 7 Fe 8 to only intermetallic phases.
Preventing precipitous weight loss in demented patients by altering food texture.

(1996). Preventing Precipitous Weight Loss in Demented Patients by Altering Food Texture. Journal of Nutrition For the Elderly: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 43-48.
Hodgkin's Disease in the Setting of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Although Hodgkin's disease (HD) is not usually associated with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency disorders, recent evidence would suggest a statistically significant increase in HD among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In the setting of underlying HIV infection, clinical and pathologic characteristics of HD may differ from usual expectations. Thus, 70%-100% of HIV-infected patients with HD present with systemic "B" symptoms. Likewise, disseminated, stage III or IV disease is reported in approximately 75%-90%. Bone marrow is a common site of extranodal HD, occurring in 40%-50%. Complete response rates after multiagent chemotherapy range from approximately 45% to 70%, although median survival has been only in the range of approximately 18 months. Hematologic toxicity from multiagent chemotherapy may be substantial, even with the use of hematopoietic growth factor support. It is apparent that new strategies of therapeutic intervention must be explored.
Integrated security and error control for communication networks using the McEliece cryptosystem

The McEliece public key cryptosystem is modified to create an integrated security/error control system for digital communication networks. The security of the resulting system is examined in detail, with particular emphasis on the trade-off between error control and security. Cryptographic and communication measures of the performance of the system are established. The performance of the system for codewords of length 1024 is reported. A method is described for making the integrated system adaptive to changes in channel conditions. >
Mechanism of extreme genetic recombination in weedy Amaranthus hybrids

Abstract Interspecific hybridization of Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp produce hybrids with unique DNA fragments not found in either parent. The objective of this research was to investigate the mechanisms involved in the formation of the polymorphic fragments. Six novel fragments were cloned and sequenced. Five of the six were significantly similar to plant transposons, the sixth was similar to squamosa promoter–binding proteins from other plant species. Southern blot analysis using one of the novel fragments as probe revealed a consistent pattern of repetitive DNA that was species and biotype specific. These results indicate that transposon-like elements may play an important role in the formation of new fragments in Amaranthus hybrids derived from interspecific hybridization, suggesting that considerable instability of the hybrid genome may occur. Nomenclature: Common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer AMATA; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPA.
Risk Communication: A Mental Models Approach

People today must make decisions about many health, safety, and environmental risks. Nuclear power, HIV/AIDS, radon, vaccines, climate change, and emerging infectious diseases are just some issues that may face them in the news media, ballot box, or doctor's office. In order to make sound choices they need to get good information. Because their time is limited, that information has to be carefully selected and clearly presented. This book provides a systematic approach for risk communicators and technical experts, hoping to serve the public by providing information about risks. The procedure uses approaches from risk and decision analysis to identify the most relevant information; it uses approaches from psychology and communication theory to ensure that it is understood. This book is written in nontechnical terms, designed to make the approach feasible for anyone willing to try it. It is illustrated with successful communications, on a variety of topics.
Recent Archaeological Research and Dates from West Africa

This article reports over 250 new radiocarbon dates relevant to recent archaeological research in West Africa. Thanks to the continuing trend towards series of dates from either single sites or groups of related sites, some major blanks on the archaeological map of West Africa have been replaced by well-dated regional sequences. An example is the Malian Sahara, where palaeoenvironmental and archaeological investigations at a large number of sites have clarified the relationship between Holocene climatic change and Late Stone Age occupation. Other areas that were largely archaeological unknowns until the research reported in this article was undertaken include the middle Senegal valley, the Inland Niger Delta, and the Bassar region in Togo. Other research included here reinterprets previously studied, ‘classic’ Late Stone Age sequences, such as Adrar Bous, Kintampo and Tichitt. There are also new dates and details for early copper in Niger and Mauritania which prompt a reconsideration of the true nature of this proposed ‘Copper Age’. Of particular significance to general reconstructions of West African prehistory is the documentation of regional and long-distance trade accompanying the emergence of complex societies along the Middle Senegal and Middle Niger in the first millennium A.D.The article begins with a brief commentary on calibration, in view of the recent publication of high-precision calibration curves. Several prevalent misconceptions of what calibration is and what it ought to do are addressed. We suggest that archaeologists and historians should routinely make reference to calibration in order to avoid misinterpreting radiocarbon results.
Negative Transcriptional Regulation of Human Colonic Smooth Muscle Cav1.2 Channels by p50 and p65 Subunits of Nuclear Factor-κB

Background & Aims: The expression of Cav1.2 channels in colonic circular smooth muscle cells and the contractility of these cells are suppressed in inflammation. Our aim was to investigate whether the activation of p50 and p65 nuclear factor-κB subunits mediates these effects. Methods: Primary cultures of human colonic circular smooth muscle cells and muscle strips were used. Results: The messenger RNA and protein expression of the pore-forming α1C subunit of Cav1.2 channels decreased time dependently in response to tumor necrosis factor α. This effect was blocked by prior transient transfection of the cells with antisense oligonucleotides to p50 or p65. The overexpression of p50 and p65 inhibited the constitutive expression of α1C. Three putative κB binding motifs were identified on the 5′ flanking region of exon 1b of the human L-type calcium channel α1C gene. Progressive 5′ deletions of the promoter and point mutations of the κB binding motifs indicated that the two 5′ binding sites, but not the third 3′ binding site, were essential for the suppression of α1C. Transient transfection of human colonic circular muscle strips with antisense oligonucleotides to p50 and p65 decreased expression of the 2 nuclear factor-κB units and reversed the suppression of α1C, as well as that of the contractile response to acetylcholine, by 24 hours of treatment with tumor necrosis factor α. Conclusions: The activation of p50 and p65 by tumor necrosis factor α suppresses the expression of the α1C subunit of Cav1.2 channels in human colonic circular smooth muscle cells and their contractile response to acetylcholine. Nuclear factor-κB must bind concurrently to the two 5′ κB motifs on the promoter of α1C to produce this effect.
Prescription Drug Misuse and Risk Behaviors Among Young Injection Drug Users

Abstract Prescription drug misuse among young adults, especially opioids, is a substantial public health problem in the United States. Although risks associated with injection of illicit drugs are well established, injection and sexual risks associated with misuse of prescription drugs are under-studied. Forty young injection drug users aged 16 to 25 who reported injection of a prescription drug were recruited in 2008–09 in Los Angeles and New York City. Descriptive quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed to illustrate risky injection and sexual behaviors reported in this sample. Over half of participants engaged in risky injection behavior, three-quarters engaged in risky sexual behavior, nearly half reported both risky behaviors, and five did not report either risk behavior while misusing a prescription drug. Prescription opioids, tranquilizers, and stimulants were misused in the context of risky sexual behaviors while only opioids were misused in the context of injection risk behaviors. Access ...
An integer programming formulation to identify the sparse network architecture governing differentiation of embryonic stem cells

Motivation: Primary purpose of modeling gene regulatory networks for developmental process is to reveal pathways governing the cellular differentiation to specific phenotypes. Knowledge of differentiation network will enable generation of desired cell fates by careful alteration of the governing network by adequate manipulation of cellular environment. Results: We have developed a novel integer programming-based approach to reconstruct the underlying regulatory architecture of differentiating embryonic stem cells from discrete temporal gene expression data. The network reconstruction problem is formulated using inherent features of biological networks: (i) that of cascade architecture which enables treatment of the entire complex network as a set of interconnected modules and (ii) that of sparsity of interconnection between the transcription factors. The developed framework is applied to the system of embryonic stem cells differentiating towards pancreatic lineage. Experimentally determined expression profile dynamics of relevant transcription factors serve as the input to the network identification algorithm. The developed formulation accurately captures many of the known regulatory modes involved in pancreatic differentiation. The predictive capacity of the model is tested by simulating an in silico potential pathway of subsequent differentiation. The predicted pathway is experimentally verified by concurrent differentiation experiments. Experimental results agree well with model predictions, thereby illustrating the predictive accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Contact: ipb1@pitt.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Maternal serum dyslipidemia occurs early in pregnancy in women with mild but not severe preeclampsia

Objective We sought to determine whether serum lipids at midgestation differ between normotensive women and women developing mild and severe preeclampsia. Study Design A case-control study of 50 women with preeclampsia (mild = 26; severe=24) and 100 women with uncomplicated term deliveries was conducted. Maternal serum collected at 15-20 weeks was used to measure lipid profiles. Results The groups were similar with respect to demographic characteristics. Women with mild preeclampsia had higher triglyceride levels and a higher total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio than control subjects (200 ± 79.5 mg/dL vs 164 ± 56.2 mg/dL; P = .02; and 3.31 ± 1.06 mg/dL vs 2.91 ± 0.59; P = .02). Women with severe preeclampsia had lower levels of low-density lipoprotein than control subjects (85.5 ± 21.3 mg/dL vs 102 ± 30.0 mg/dL; P = .04) and a less atherogenic lipid profile than control subjects. Conclusion Midgestation dyslipidemia is associated with mild but not severe preeclampsia. These findings may aid in elucidating the different pathologic processes between mild and severe preeclampsia.
Whole blood lead levels are associated with radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional analysis in the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project

Introduction: Lead (Pb) is known to affect bone, and recent evidence suggests that it has effects on cartilage as well. As osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease affecting bone and cartilage, we undertook the present analysis to determine whether whole blood Pb levels are associated with radiographic and symptomatic OA (rOA and sxOA, respectively) of the knee. Methods: The analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, a rural, population-based study, including whole blood Pb levels, bilateral posteroanterior weight-bearing knee radiography and knee symptom data. rOA assessment included joint-based presence (Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade 2 or higher) and severity (none, K-L grade 0 or 1; mild, K-L grade 2; moderate or severe, K-L grade 3 or 4), as well as person-based laterality (unilateral or bilateral). SxOA was deemed present (joint-based) in a knee on the basis of K-L grade 2 or higher with symptoms, with symptoms rated based on severity (0, rOA without symptoms; 1, rOA with mild symptoms; 2, rOA with moderate or severe symptoms) and in person-based analyses was either unilateral or bilateral. Generalized logit or proportional odds regression models were used to examine associations between the knee OA status variables and natural log-transformed blood Pb (ln Pb), continuously and in quartiles, controlling for age, race, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol drinking. Results: Those individuals with whole blood Pb data (N = 1,669) had a mean (±SD) age of 65.4 (±11.0) years and a mean BMI of 31.2 (±7.1) kg/m 2 , including 66.6% women and 35.4% African-Americans, with a median blood Pb level of 1.8 μg/dl (range, 0.3 to 42.0 μg/dl). In joint-based analyses, for every 1-U increase in ln Pb, the odds of prevalent knee rOA were 20% higher (aOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.44), while the odds of more severe rOA were 26% higher (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.50, under proportional odds). In person-based analyses, the odds of bilateral rOA were 32% higher for each 1-U increase in ln Pb (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.70). Similarly for knee sxOA, for each 1-U increase in ln Pb, the odds of having sxOA were 16% higher, the odds of having more severe symptoms were 17% higher and the odds of having bilateral knee symptoms were 25% higher. Similar findings were obtained with regard to ln Pb in quartiles. Conclusions: Increases in the prevalence and severity measures for both radiographically and symptomatically confirmed knee OA (although statistically significant only for rOA) were observed with increasing levels of blood Pb, suggesting that Pb may be a potentially modifiable environmental risk factor for OA.
Parallel Processing of Multiple Aggregate Queries on Shared-Nothing Multiprocessors

Decision support systems that include on-line analytical processing and data mining have recently attracted research attention. Such applications treat data in very large databases as multidimensional data cubes. Each cell of a data cube typically is some aggregation, such as total sales volume, that is of interest to analysts. Since it may be necessary to compute many cells, and the performance is critical, we propose parallel algorithms that compute multiple aggregate queries in data cubes on a shared-nothing multiprocessor with high-bandwidth communication facilities. We evaluate the algorithms on the basis of analytical modeling and an implementation on an IBM SP2 system.
A digital-to-RF-amplitude converter for GSM/GPRS/EDGE in 90-nm digital CMOS

We present the first 90-nm digital CMOS RF power amplifier. This PA contains a large array of NMOS switches, and performs a direct digital-to-RF-amplitude conversion, filtering and buffering in a fully-integrated GSM/EDGE transmitter. Power control is fully digital. 40% efficiency is obtained at 10-dBm output power from 1.4 V and it occupies 0.005 mm/sup 2/.
Movement-Countermovement Dynamics and the Emergence of New Institutions: The Case of “White Flight” Schools in Mississippi

This article examines the foundation of private segregationist academies that emerged throughout the U.S. South in the wake of court-ordered desegregation. I focus on the state of Mississippi where private academies grew dramatically from 1969 to 1971. I provide an analytic history of civil-rights and school-desegregation conflicts in Mississippi, and I use OLS models to examine county-level variation in local support for private academies during this period. My analysis shows that the formation of academies occurs as a response to desegregation (1) when there is a credible threat that desegregation will be implemented (implicitly signaling the “success” of the movement); (2) when blacks have the organizational capacity to make claims and voice protest within newly desegregated schools; and (3) when whites have the organizational capacity to resist desegregation. These three specifications extend models of racial competition that have been used to explain white countermobilization. I argue that the establishment of academies was a countermovement strategy that flowed out of the prior history of organized white resistance to the civil-rights movement. In other words, whites were not only responding to court intervention and the proportion of African Americans in their community, but to the social movement mobilization of that community.
Neurosyphilis Presenting as Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

We report the case of a 55-year-old man with neurosyphilis that presented with features of herpes simplex encephalitis. Neurosyphilis is easily diagnosed and treated and should be included in the differential diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis.
Pharmacokinetic tracer kinetics analysis of changes in erythropoietin receptor population in phlebotomy-induced anemia and bone marrow ablation.

Objectives The objective was to study in vivo erythropoietin (Epo) progenitor cell surface receptors (EpoR) in the bone marrow (BM) after phlebotomy and bone marrow ablation. Methods Serial tracer interaction method experiments were conducted in adult sheep at baseline and after phlebotomy (PH) and ablation (AB). PH was done 10 days after phlebotomy (to 3-4 g/dl Hb), and the AB was done 8 days after a 3-day oral treatment with bulsulfan (11 mg/kg/day). Results Bone marrow ablation changed the elimination from non-linear to linear, consistent with an abolition of the non-linear elimination via BM EpoRs. The phlebotomy increased the linear clearance of the ablated elimination pathway (from 63.6+/-12 to 126+/-64 ml/h/kg), consistent with an up-regulation of the erythroid progenitor BM-based EpoR pool, but did not change the clearance of the non-ablated elimination pathway (p>0.05). The EpoR pool size remaining after BM ablation was 7.4+/-2.7% of the pre-ablation pool. Conclusions Erythropoietin elimination via EpoR in the bone marrow was non-linear and increased following phlebotomy-induced anemia. This is consistent with an up-regulation of the erythropoietic EpoR pool in BM. Assuming that the elimination of Epo after BM ablation was via non-hematopoietic EpoR, then this post-ablation EpoR population was not significantly up-regulated by the phlebotomy.
Infant sex predicts breast milk energy content

During human evolutionary history, and for many around the world, breast milk is the primary source of nutritional energy for infants. Variation in breast milk quality might logically have important effects on infant health, growth, and development, yet the sources of this variation remain largely unelucidated. We quantified nutrient and energy content of breast milk from 25 healthy, well-nourished Massachusetts mothers with infants aged 2-5 months. We examined several potential sources of variation in milk quality, particularly feeding patterns, infant sex, and maternal breast growth during pregnancy. After controlling for time since last feeding, a known correlate of milk composition, we found that mothers of male infants produced milk that had 25% greater energy content than mothers of female infants (P < 0.001). Change in maternal bra cup size during pregnancy was associated with 16.17 kcal/100 ml greater energy content of milk (P = 0.009), but was not significant after taking infant sex into account. Greater nutritional investment in sons may account for the greater observed growth rates in male compared to female infants.
Enabling JSON Document Stores in Relational Systems

In recent years, “document store” NoSQL systems have exploded in popularity, largely driven by the adoption of the JSON data model in Web and mobile applications. The advantages of these NoSQL document store systems (like MongoDB and CouchDB) are tempered by a lack of traditional RDBMS features, notably a sophisticated declarative query language, rich native query processing constructs (e.g. joins), and transaction management providing ACID safety guarantees. With this paper, we hope to spark a discussion in the database community about how JSON data can be supported on top of a relational infrastructure, and how the best features of JSON document stores and relational databases can be combined. We present Argo, a proof-ofconcept mapping layer for storing and querying JSON data in a relational system with an easy-to-use SQL-like query language. We also present NoBench, a micro-benchmark suite for queries over JSON data in NoSQL and SQL systems. Our results point to directions of how one can marry the best of both worlds, combining the flexibility and interoperability of JSON with the rich query processing and transactional properties offered by a traditional RDBMS. Note: An extended version of this paper is available at [6]. The Argo source code is available at http://research.cs. wisc.edu/quickstep/argo/argo.tar.bz2
The Anesthesia Perspective

The Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF) recently celebrated its 25th anniversary. As the first organization of its kind, the APSF established patient safety as a specific aspiration and discipline, and has been instrumental in triggering the worldwide patient safety movements of the present day. Many anesthesiologists point with pride to a tenfold decline in the incidence of anesthesia-related mortality from 10–30 to 1–3 deaths per 100,000 anesthetics since the APSF’s inaugural, with reductions in anesthesia-related morbidity similarly claimed. Others contend that these data are unintentionally misleading. Introduction of noninvasive oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide and anesthetic gas concentration monitors, novel drugs and regimens, and instrumentation for airway management have made substantial contributions to improved patient safety in the interval surrounding surgery. However, new operations in new settings steadily raise new safety issues. As risks of the past are contained fresh risks have become apparent including persistent and deleterious effects of anesthetics on the nervous system at the extremes of age. Perioperative safety is profoundly influenced by corporate decision making, vicissitudes of international markets and governmental interventions that arise far from the operating room, as shortages of critical anesthetic drugs and a surfeit of awkwardly working digital recording devices attest.
Teachers Connecting Urban Students to their Environment

This chapter provides an overview of a graduate course, Science Beyond the Classroom, which provides K-12 teachers experiences designed to increase urban, low-SES middle school students engagement in learning environmental science concepts. Teachers participate as leaders of a 10-day Hands-on, Minds-on Summer Science Camp in organizing teaching and learning experiences for urban youth that primarily focus on site visits to community-based venues. These site visits (e.g., water treatment facility, sewage treatment facility, power plant, forest and arboretum, cave system, and zoo) showcase environmental science issues addressed on a daily basis. From analysis of course goals, the K-12 teachers gain an enduring awareness of the impact that they can have on the environment. Teachers use their newly acquired knowledge in discussing some of the concepts from these community sites in their classrooms with their students. The data support that the teachers move along the environmental education continuum from “awareness and sensitivity to the total environment” to “knowledge gained via experiences” (i.e. supporting learning of camp participants before and after through community tours).
Factors that Influence Autism Knowledge in Hispanic Cultures: a Pilot Study

Although the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is rising, Hispanic children are diagnosed at a disproportionately lower rate compared to other ethnic and racial groups. Lack of ASD knowledge in the Hispanic community may contribute to this disparity. The study objective was to determine whether sociocultural and environmental factors linked to ASD diagnostic disparities were related to Hispanic parents' ASD knowledge. A 60-item survey assessing demographic information, acculturation, religiosity, social support, and ASD knowledge was administered to 64 Hispanic patients (84 % female; 76 % uninsured; 82 % Catholic) visiting a southwest clinic. Socioeconomic status (SES), social support, language of questionnaire, spiritual attribution of child diagnosis, and religious importance predicted ASD knowledge, accounting for 43 % of variance. Results contribute to understanding how sociocultural and environmental factors influence ASD knowledge within at-risk Hispanic individuals, which can be used to improve information dissemination and ultimately reduce disparity in ASD services.
The L r Henstock{Kurzweil integral

We present a method of integration along the lines of the Henstock{ Kurzweil integral. All L r -derivatives are integrable in this method.
The influence of neural blocking agents injected into the third ventricle of the rat brain and hypothalamic electrical stimulation on serum prolactin.

SummaryThe influence of neural blocking agents injected into the third ventricle of the brain of female rats at the time of vaginal estrus with and without electrical stimulation of the ventral medial hypothalamus (VMH) on serum prolactin levels was examined 30, 45, 75 and 135 min after initiation of electrical stimulation. Prolactin levels of sham control animals decreased 30-40% from initial values. Electrical stimulation of hypothalamus did not alter the response from that of sham controls. Intraventricular administration of atropine alone gave a response similar to that of sham controls while electrical stimulation modified the extent of the decrease. The injection of propranolol, a β-adrenergic blocker, with and without electrical stimulation, increased serum prolactin 100-110%. Phenoxybenzamine, an α-adren-ergic blocker, alone resulted in a gradual but progressive increase in serum prolactin levels. Electrical stimulation of phenoxybenzamine-injected animals prevented the rise in serum prolactin obs...
A herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant deleted for γ34.5 and LAT kills glioma cells in vitro and is inhibited for in vivo reactivation

To create an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) that is inhibited for reactivation, we constructed a novel herpes recombinant virus with deletions in the gamma34.5 and LAT genes. The LAT gene was replaced by the gene for green fluorescent protein, thereby allowing viral infection to be followed. This virus, designated DM33, is effective in killing primary and established human glioma cell lines in culture. DM33 is considerably less virulent following intracerebral inoculation of HSV-susceptible BALB/c mice than the wild-type HSV-1 strain McKrae. The safety of this virus is further supported by the retention of its sensitivity to ganciclovir and its relatively limited toxicity against cultured human neuronal cells, astrocytes, and endothelial cells. The ability of DM33 to spontaneously reactivate was tested in a rabbit ocular infection model that accurately depicts human herpes infection and reactivation. Following ocular infection of rabbits, spontaneous reactivation was detected in 83% (15/18) of the eyes infected with wild-type McKrae. In contrast, none of the eyes infected with DM33 had detectable reactivation. The efficacy of this virus in cultured human glioma cell lines, its safety, confirmed by its inability to reactivate, and its attenuated neurovirulence make DM33 a promising oncolytic agent for tumor therapy.
Chemical Stability of CuWO4 for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

Pure-phase CuWO4 photoanodes with 200 nm thickness were produced by spin-casting sol–gel precursors to evaluate their performance as photoelectrodes for water oxidation. The stability of CuWO4 in potassium phosphate (KPi) and potassium borate (KBi) buffers was evaluated as a function of pH and irradiance. CuWO4 photoanodes demonstrate higher stability at pH 3 and 5 in a 0.1 M KPi buffer and are significantly more stable over a 12 h period of illumination in a 0.1 M KBi buffer at pH 7 (∼75 μA/cm2 photocurrent at 1.23 V vs RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) and 1 sun illumination) than in a 0.1 M KPi buffer at pH 7. The onset of photoelectrochemical water oxidation and electrochemical O2 reduction is dictated by Cu(3dx2–y2) states that reside at 0.4 V vs RHE, determined by linear sweep voltammetry. The onset for water oxidation is hindered by a large charge-transfer resistance, as high as 4.6 kΩ at 1 V vs RHE. Nevertheless, CuWO4 photoanodes show nearly quantitative faradic efficiency for water oxidation, ...
Analysis and Evaluation of Grain Quality of Indica Hybrid Rice Samples in China during 1997-2002

The data of the grain quality test of 1 679 entries of indica hybrid rice samples from all over China during 1997—2002 were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the structure of the types based on the items up to the rice fine quality standards issued by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (CMA) for the whole population was that All fine (A)∶Fine (F)∶Medium (M)∶Poor (P)=1.5%∶40.0%∶53.3%∶5.2%. The trend of this structure during 1997—2002 was improved year by year. From 1997 to 2002, the rates of Type A and Type F samples were increased to a great extent. The integrated quality score for the whole population during 1997—2002 was 54.43, higher than that (52) of the second class fine quality standards. The integrated score for the yearly samples was increased from 52.41 in 1997 to (55.36) in 2002. Among all of the twelve grain quality traits, the degree to fine quality level varied. The trait of gelatinization temperature had the highest value in the degree to the first class fine quality standard (90.0%), but the traits of chalky grain rate, chalkiness and head rice recovery had very low such values (-94.2%, -56.2% and -21.7%, respectively), so they are the key characters to be paid attention to in the grain quality improvement of indica hybrid rice in the future.
Multi-redundancy and High-precision Frequency Measure System Based on Programmable Logic Controller

Based on PWD input pulse width detecting instruction and DCNT high-speed counting instruction of programmable logic controller(PLC) of Delta DVP-EH series,a PLC frequency measure system is developed.It provides three frequency measure channels,so it has an ability to deal with simultaneous input of three-channel frequency signals and to adopt different treatment methods for output correct frequency signal.By comparison of range and delayed counting,frequency signal states are judged,and an integrated unit frequency after operation of PLC is given.
Military Occupations Most Affected by Head/Sensory Injuries and the Potential Job Impact of Those Injuries.

ABSTRACTObjective: Identifying Department of Defense (DoD) occupations affected by injuries to the head and sensory systems. Methods: We explored the Defense Medical Epidemiology Database to identify occupations with the highest incidence of injured personnel, then ranked how frequently they occurred in a top 10 list for each of four injury categories (head/brain, visual, auditory, vestibular) encompassing 25 injury codes. Across all four categories, the most affected occupations were identified, among which we chose three Army combat-related military occupational specialties (MOSs) for detailed study. We identified skills needed to perform these MOSs and explored whether MOS-critical deficits could be expected following the injuries. Results: Some DoD occupations are more likely to suffer from these injuries, including Infantry, Combat Operations Control, Artillery/Gunnery, Motor Vehicle Operator, Combat Engineering, and Armor/Amphibious. Within these DoD occupations, we explored three Army combatant MOS...
GRO: A Novel Chemotactic Cytokine

Cytokines are small secreted regulatory peptides that act primarily in a paracrine fashion to provide a signalling system between different cell types. Although cytokine functions were initially associated with myeloid and lymphocytic responses to infection, current studies are demonstrating regulatory functions in growth and differentiation as well. Our studies with the GRO gene represent one of the first to describe a novel cytokine expressed by fibroblasts and epithelial cells as well as cells of the immune system, with regulatory functions both in growth and in the inflammatory response (1, 2, 3).
Identification of individual red blood cells by Raman microspectroscopy for forensic purposes: in search of a limit of detection

Traces of body fluids can be present at a variety of crime scenes. It is important that forensic investigators have a reliable and nondestructive method of identifying these traces. Of equal importance is establishing the limitations of any method in use, including its detection limit. We have previously reported on the use of Raman microspectroscopy and multivariate data analysis to identify and differentiate body fluids. While many studies use serial dilutions to establish limits of detection, we utilized a different approach and demonstrated that a single red blood cell is sufficient to be correctly identified as blood. The experimental Raman spectra of individual red blood cells were loaded into the previously reported models for body fluid identification, and all were correctly classified as peripheral blood. These results demonstrate that our model can be used to identify peripheral blood, even if there is only a single red blood cell present. Furthermore, a single red blood cell is 5000× smaller than the amount of peripheral blood required to perform DNA analysis in a modern crime laboratory. This means that if a bloodstain is large enough for DNA analysis, Raman microspectroscopy should be able to make a positive identification. Considering that the sample analysis reported here was carried out with a different instrument, not the one used for the previously reported method development, these results also represent a form of method validation. The model's ability to correctly classify spectra acquired on a different instrumental platform is crucial in preparing it for practical application. Graphical Abstract Peripheral blood is of great interest in forensic sciences. While many tests are available for the identification of peripheral blood at a crime scene, most are presumptive and destructive. Here we present results that show our new, nondestructive method can identify peripheral blood using as little as a single red blood cell.
Innovative agile project management curriculum for engineering education

The performed analysis of the current status of agile methodology applications in industry clearly shows that companies and businesses will soon need a significant number of well educated and highly skilled agile project managers in engineering/computing/IT areas. A shift from traditional project management framework (based on PMBOK) to agile project management requires project managers to be equipped with additional knowledge for project planning, execution and control techniques and tools to effectively manage the challenging projects. The findings and outcomes of performed analysis motivated the authors — faculty and graduate students at Bradley University (Peoria, IL, U.S.A.) — to work collaboratively, propose and design innovative academic curriculum — topics, tools, courseware, lab practicum — in Agile Project Management for engineering education with a focus on design and development of software and computer information systems.
Understanding severely constraining situational impairments when accessing mobile technologies

My research aims to investigate ways to support mobile users facing "severely constraining situational impairments" (SCSI) where multiple channels of communication are restricted, overloaded or unavailable. An empirical study will initially be undertaken to identify the range of limitations faced by mobile device users when facing unpredictable situations (e.g. when receiving a text message while concentrating on the road when driving). Based on the findings, a second study will be developed to map feasible forms of technology to the impairments faced. A final study will then be conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the mappings, with the ultimate goal of producing a set of guidelines that will inform interface designers when developing tools to support individuals who are facing severely constraining situational impairments. The outcomes of this research will hopefully inform design of mobile technology in addressing SCSIs.
Healthcare simulation tutorial: methods, challenges, and opportunities

Simulation in healthcare is becoming an increasingly important methodology for systems improvement projects. For any given project, the simulation methodology to be used is highly application-dependent. The majority of healthcare simulation models are performed with one of three methodologies: discrete-event simulation, system dynamics, or agent-based modeling. In this tutorial we will present examples of real-world projects applied using each method. These examples, some taken from our own research, will range from complex disease progression and social determinants of health to problems in resource planning, scheduling, and allocation. We will also discuss simulation challenges unique to healthcare such as privacy and security; regulation; IRB approval; data quality, availability, and collection; interdisciplinary collaboration and facility access. Finally, we will present our thoughts on emerging opportunities for healthcare simulation such as perioperative care; coordination across the care continuum; population health management; patient health belief and behavior; and emerging healthcare regulation and policy.
Steel Reservoirs for Long Beach, California

The plan of using a group of six steel tanks for a storage reservoir for the city of Long Beach was adopted as the solution of a problem that had economic, political, geological and seismic angles. The hill on which the reservoir is built has been occupied by a small concrete structure for about 30 years. Plans for a conventional concrete lined earth-fill reservoir to replace the old structure were drawn several years ago. But unfortunately, from the standpoint of the Water Department, the reservoir site is a part of the Signal Hill oil field and a former city administration permitted the location of oil wells on the hill, three of which came within the lines of the proposed reservoir. After several attempts to fit a design to what remained of the site, it was decided to build two thirds of the reservoir, and complete the structure when the oil wells were finally abandoned. The formation of Reservoir Hill consists of a layer of sandy .clay about 11 feet thick overlying a deposit of fine, dry, white sand. The possibility of difficulty with the foundations of the cross walls caused a change to a third design a group of circular concrete tanks in place of a single large reservoir. Meanwhile, in investigating a discrepancy in the elevations of certain city bench marks, it was found that there had been a settlement of Reservoir Hill of about 0.4 foot. A survey showed this settlement to extend over an area roughly oval in shape and about 3 by b' miles in extent with a maximum movement along the axis of Signal Hill in excess of 0.6. This settlement is undoubtedly due to the extraction of some 465 million barrels of petroleum from that area since 1921.
Abstract P317: Acute Exercise Stress and ROS Signaling: Activation of Nrf2/ARE-Dependent Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in the Mouse Myocardium

Background: Cellular defense mechanisms are crucial for maintaining intracellular redox state and mitigating free radical accumulation with aging. Nuclear Erythroid 2 p45 related factor-2 (Nrf2) re...
Minimax Theorems and Their Proofs

We suppose that X and Y are nonempty sets and f: X x Y →IR A minimax theorem is a theorem which asserts that, under certain conditions, $$\mathop{{\min }}\limits_{Y} \mathop{{\max }}\limits_{X} f = \mathop{{\max }}\limits_{X} \mathop{{\min }}\limits_{Y} f.$$
A genetically distinct microglial subset promotes myelination.

Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages with important, but insufficiently understood functions in development, health, and disease. In a new exciting study, Wlodarczyk and colleagues uncover a transient subset of CD11c+ microglia that regulate CNS myelination via IGF‐1 expression. These findings represent not only the first evidence for a microglial role in myelinogenesis, but the first for a functionally distinct, genetically defined subpopulation of microglia.
Complete Genome Sequence of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Strain G11, a Model Sulfate-Reducing, Hydrogenotrophic, and Syntrophic Partner Organism.

ABSTRACT Here, we report the draft genome of the Gram-negative, sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans strain G11. Isolated from a rumen fluid enrichment, this culture has been a model syntrophic partner due to its metabolic flexibility. The assembly yielded a single circular chromosome of 3,414,943 bp and a 57% G+C content.