cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IgG cryoglobulinemia associated with amyloidosis.

A patient with symptomatic primary cryoglobulinemia was followed for 9 yr and was found at autopsy to have generalized amyloidosis. There was a monoclonal serum protein spike of IgG kappa type that was cryoglobulin. The cryoglobulin was further characterized as IgG2 kappa Gm (n-). This case constitutes, to our knowledge, the first example of amyloidosis associated with monoclonal IgG cryoglobulinemia, with characterization of the monoclonal serum cryoglobulin, and also the first reported case of successful symptomatic treatment of cryoglobulinemia by plasmapheresis.
Evaluating the Safety and Success of Bedside Lumbar Puncture in a Changing Academic Environment (P06.021)

Objective: To determine the impact on resident training and patient safety of a dedicated lumbar puncture (LP) service utilizing mid-level practitioners (MLP). Background LP is a common bedside procedure. An unsuccessful LP may lead to repeated procedures or fluoroscopy guided LP, increasing patient risks associated with radiation exposure. With reduction in resident work hours by the ACGME, many academic institutions are using MLPs to supplement the provision of patient care, including performing LPs. To our knowledge, the impact of the utilization of specialized MLPs on resident training and patient safety specific to LPs has not been studied. Design/Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of inpatients undergoing bedside LP by either a neurology resident physician or neurology MLP from July 2009 through August 2011. Results: A total of 97 LPs were reviewed, 40 performed by a MLP and 57 by a resident physician. Successful bedside LP was documented in 70% and 71.9% of cases by the MLP and residents, respectively (p=0.1815). The average number of skin punctures required to obtain CSF was 1.53 by the MLP vs. 1.67 by residents (p=0.252). There was a numerical but non-significant trend toward improvement when comparing success rate and number of puncture attempts of the MLP in the first six months compared to the second six months of clinical practice (70% vs 77%, p=0.252 and 1.57 to 1.47, p=0.659, respectively). There was insufficient recorded data to make similar comparisons for residents. Conclusions: This study demonstrates no difference between a trained neurology MLP and neurology resident physicians in success rates or safety of performing bedside LP. Nor did we find evidence for negative impact on resident training or proficiency. Specifically there was no evidence for decreased LP success rates in the resident group following introduction of a specialized MLP. Disclosure: Dr. Jordan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Greenberg has received personal compensation for activities with DioGenix, Greater Good Foundation, Biogen Idec, Serono, Inc., Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., the Multiple Sclerosis Association of America and Teva Neuroscience as a consultant and/or speaker. Dr. Greenberg holds stock and/or stock options in Diogeix. Dr. Greenberg has received research support from Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, Amplimmune, Inc. and the Accelerated Cure Project. Dr. Lee has received personal compensation for activities with Boehringer Ingelheim as a speaker.
Dynamic Implementation of the Celestial Navigation (CelNav) Technique for Extraterrestrial Surface Navigation

The Celestial Navigation (CelNav) method was developed in conjunction the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, to provide accurate location data without using GPS or a ground/relay station. CelNav is a minimal sensor/power solution originally developed for dynamic Lunar surface navigation. However, CelNav requires high-accuracy state estimates, due to the absence of key sensors such as a gyroscope, Global Positioning System(GPS), and a magnetometer. Robust nonlinear state estimation techniques including Sliding Mode Observer, the Extended Kalman Filter, and the H-Infinity Filter are used in conjunction with CelNav to accurately determine latitude, longitude, and heading, for an unmanned/manned rover or astronaut. The goal is to investigate the feasibility of implementing a nonlinear estimation technique with CelNav for dynamic extra-terrestrial surface navigation when accurate location coordinates are necessary. Preliminary theoretical and Monte Carlo simulations show promise for CelNav as secondary dynamic navigation system for future extra-terrestrial exploration.
Photoinduced and Thermal Relaxation in Surface-Grafted Azobenzene-Based Monolayers: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study.

Extensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to study the structure and molecular orientational relaxation of azobenzene-based monolayers grafted to a solid substrate. Systems with surface coverage of 0.6 nm2/molecule were investigated over a wide temperature range ranging from 298 K, where the mesogens show local ordering and the monolayer dynamics was found to be glassy, up to 700 K, where the azobenzene groups have a nearly isotropic orientational distribution, with a subnanosecond characteristic orientational relaxation time scale. Biased simulations that model single-molecule thermal excitation and conformational isomerization have been conducted to obtain insight into the mechanisms for photoinduced athermal fluidization and monolayer reorganization observed experimentally in this system. Our simulations clearly indicate that trans–cis conformational isomerization transitions of azobenzene units can lead to reorientation of mesogens and to the formation of a monolayer with s...
Identification of stromal ColXα1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as putative predictive markers of neoadjuvant therapy in estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-positive breast cancer

The influence of the tumor microenvironment and tumor-stromal interactions on the heterogeneity of response within breast cancer subtypes have just begun to be explored. This study focuses on patients with estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (ER+/HER2+) breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and HER2-targeted therapy (NAC+H), and was designed to identify novel predictive biomarkers by combining gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry with pathologic response. We performed gene expression profiling on pre-NAC+H tumor samples from responding (no or minimal residual disease at surgery) and non-responding patients. Gene set enrichment analysis identified potentially relevant pathways, and immunohistochemical staining of pre-treatment biopsies was used to measure protein levels of those pathways, which were correlated with pathologic response in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Increased expression of genes encoding for stromal collagens, including Col10A1, and reduced expression of immune-associated genes, reflecting lower levels of total tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), were strongly associated with poor pathologic response. Lower TILs in tumor biopsies correlated with reduced likelihood of achieving an optimal pathologic response, but increased expression of the Col10A1 gene product, colXα1, had greater predictive value than stromal abundance for poor response (OR = 18.9, p = 0.003), and the combination of increased colXα1 expression and low TILs was significantly associated with poor response in multivariate analysis. ROC analysis suggests strong specificity and sensitivity for this combination in predicting treatment response. Increased expression of stromal colXα1 and low TILs correlate with poor pathologic response in ER+/HER2+ breast tumors. Further studies are needed to confirm their predictive value and impact on long-term outcomes, and to determine whether this collagen exerts a protective effect on the cancer cells or simply reflects other factors within the tumor microenvironment.
Discriminative stimulus effect of phenylephrine.

Rats were trained to discriminate phenylephrine in a two-lever, food-motivated operant task by increasing the i.p. administered training dose from 0.8 to 2 mg/kg. Stable discrimination to 2 mg/kg phenylephrine was established and testing of 0.5-2.5 mg/kg was shown to be dose-responsive and allowed for a calculated ED50 value of 0.87 mg/kg. Administration of methoxamine (0.5-6 mg/kg), another alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, produced a dose-responsive generalization, whereas only the lowest (0.04 mg/kg) and highest (0.12 mg/kg) doses of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine produced generalization in the phenylephrine-trained rats. Likewise, yohimbine (2.5-4.5 mg/kg) generalized, whereas pretreatment with prazosin (0.1-0.4 mg/kg), the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, dose-responsively decreased phenylephrine discrimination. The results would indicate that phenylephrine is capable of controlling differential responding in a drug discrimination paradigm and would suggest that this effect is centrally mediated. The possibility that peripheral administration of phenylephrine (Neosynephrine) affects the brain in chronic users of nasal decongestants is discussed.
HIV-Specific Criminal Law: A Global Review

Although medical and societal advances have succeeded in greatly reducing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the three decades since HIV first confounded and crippled the globe, over two million people worldwide are still newly infected with the virus every year. HIV-specific criminal laws, present and often actively enforced in one-third of United Nations member countries, target people living with HIV (PLWH) for cases of exposure, non-disclosure, and transmission. The criminalization of acts specific to HIV is incompatible with current medical knowledge of HIV transmission, international human rights standards, and public health goals. These HIV-specific criminal laws do not reach the intended objective of reducing unsafe behavior that may spread HIV and in fact hamper HIV prevention efforts, reinforce hard-set societal stigma surrounding HIV and the associated acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and perpetuate views of PLWH as dangerous criminals that hold sole responsibility for safeguarding the public from HIV infection. The public health and human rights concerns unveiled by the investigation of HIV-specific criminal laws around the world suggest a new course of action: to set aside attempts to use criminal law to govern the complex and nuanced nature of HIV infection and instead redirect limited resources to the continued expansion of historically successful, evidence-based, and rights-centered public health approaches to HIV prevention and treatment.
Boomerang Children in the U.S.: History, Geography, and Household Characteristics

In this chapter I review the relevant literature pertaining generally to the coresidence of young adults in their parental households; I then discuss in some detail the theoretical foundations for my analyses. Before presenting my review of the general literature I first discuss some general issues pertaining to the coresidence of adult children. This chapter details the prior literature on the topic of previously launched adults, which, as stated, has frequently only described adult-parent coresidence situations where the child is possibly caring for an aging parent. The literature also predominantly focused on the parents rather than the children in these living arrangements. This chapter outlines the historical background of marriage and family structure in America and introduces readers to the theoretical foundations used in this book—namely, the life course perspective and perspectives relating to family development and household structure.
The Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure: What Is Real Obesity in Heart Failure?

The obesity is a conventional cardiovascular risk factor. Obesity has detrimental effects on heart failure, but has been found to be paradoxically associated with improved survival. The obesity paradox remains controversial in the literatures. There are various underlying mechanisms to explain the obesity paradox in heart failure. Epidemiologic, biochemical, animal studies revealed this unexpected phenomenon, which was described as an obesity paradox. BMI does not provide information body composition and cardiopulmonary fitness status, which can be related to obesity paradox. Still, the obesity paradox is controversial; therefore, intentional weight gaining may not be recommended. Many researches related to obesity paradox have been introduced and further research needs to be done in the future.
Managerial Objectives and Strategies

This chapter focuses on the managerial and organisational aspects of international banking. What prompts American banks to consider and eventually embark on a commitment in international banking? To what extent should banks commit themselves to international activities, and under what organisational forms? What organisational strategies are most suitable for individual banks venturing into the international field, and how is this influenced by size, location and other characteristics of banks?
A Critical Geography Of Home: Teresa Moure’s A Intervención

This article analyzes Teresa Moure’s A intervencion (2010) as a novel about the relationship between home, memory, narrative, and art. It argues that while we can begin to understand characters’ experience of home through the sort of phenomenological approach to spatial experience professed by Gaston Bachelard, such an approach is ultimately hobbled by its apolitical nature. To counter this weakness, this article draws from the work of feminist geographers in order to show how Moure’s novel examines the ways in which putatively private or individual experiences of home are embedded in larger structures of power and mediated by memory and by personal and family narratives. Finally, this article concludes that the intervention of the novel’s title alludes not only to an artistic project, but also to collaborative creative processes as motors of political intervention that function at the scale of everyday life. This article was published open access under a CC BY license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Fracture induced by corona and spark discharges in dielectric materials

The fracture induced in dielectric materials by corona and spark discharges in gases above atmospheric pressure will be described elsewhere.1 The following morphology was observed: 1. No fracture was observed in materials that have a low coefficient of thermal expansion such as fused quartz and vycor. Also, no fracture was observed in cleavage slices of colemanite — a material that lacks transverse cleavage planes. 2. Craze-cracking and flaking was observed in soda glass and in the crystals fluorite, sodium brornate, and sodium nitrate. 3. Cleavage crack interpenetration was observed in crystals that manifest cubic cleavage.
BODE Index before and after LVRS is associated with long term survival in a post-NETT cohort

The BODE Index is a composite score that predicts risk of death in patients with COPD. Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS) provides a survival advantage for select patients, as shown in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT). LVRS improves BODE score, and prior to NETT postoperative BODE was shown to correlate with survival. This finding has not yet been replicated post-NETT. Aims We hypothesized that LVRS done using NETT selection criteria would reduce BODE and that pre and postoperative BODE would associate with survival. Methods Data was collected prospectively on all patients undergoing LVRS from 2004-2015. Outcomes studied were surgical mortality, BODE preoperatively, at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, and survival at 5 years. Comparison of BODE score and their changes were assessed using two-sided t-test. Cox regression was used to evaluate impact of BODE score on the hazard rate. Results 101 patients (40% male) underwent bilateral LVRS from 2004-2015. Preoperative data showed a mean FEV 1 of 26% predicted, mean 6MWT of 375m, mean MMRC of 2.58, and mean BMI of 24.5, for a mean BODE of 5.07. After LVRS, BODE improved a mean -2.1, -1.9 and -1.4 at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. 6 month mortality was 0%. Both preoperative BODE and BODE at 6 months had a significant effect on survival at 5 years, with a HR of 1.48 (95% CI 1.01-2.18, p=.047) and a HR of 1.69 (95% CI 1.18-2.42, p=.004). Those who later died had a significantly higher BODE 6 months post-LVRS (4.17 vs. 2.78, p=0.004). Conclusions LVRS is a safe procedure with low surgical mortality when done using NETT selection criteria. LVRS lowers BODE score, and both pre and postoperative BODE remain important predictors of survival.
Sexual Violence in Academia: Policy, Theory, and Prevention Considerations

This issue is the first in a two-issue sequence under the guest editorship of Bonnie S. Fisher and Pamela Wilcox. The purpose of these issues is to take stock of the research stemming from federal ...
What is a "periprosthetic shoulder infection"? A systematic review of two decades of publications.

While as many as 50% of revision shoulder arthroplasties are culture positive, a consistent, clinically useful definition of a “periprosthetic shoulder infection” is lacking. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature with respect to (1) the definition of a “periprosthetic shoulder infection”, (2) the pre-operative evaluation for possible infection, and (3) the harvesting and culturing of specimens at the time of surgical revision. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we identified 20 studies concerning infection at the time of revision shoulder arthroplasty. The review was registered in the international Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. An explicit definition of infection was not present in six studies (27%). Classification systems used for periprosthetic hip and knee infections were used in three studies (14%). Clinical signs and symptoms were used in all definitions, but most studies did not report microbiologic results or culturing practices. Synthesis of the literature on failed arthroplasties with positive cultures is compromised by lack of standardization, leaving surgeons without secure evidence on which to base diagnostic and treatment decisions. These decisions would be better informed if authors used a consistent approach in the evaluation of failed arthroplasties with respect to the number and source of specimens submitted, the culture technique, the number of specimens that became culture positive, the bacteria identified, and the bacterial load recovered from the shoulder. This was a systematic review of reports of all levels.
Maintaining Farm Output with a Scarcity of Production Factors

FARMERS are faced with the problem of how to maintain production in spite of a scarcity of many production factors. The list of scarce items already includes labor, machinery, fencing, some spray materials, nitrogenous fertilizer, and protein feed. As the war continues this list will become longer. A few months ago, shortages of only a relatively small number of agricultural products were apparent. In May 1942, one writer listed the following groups of products: oil bearing crops, hogs, poultry and dairy products.1 This list is growing. We are soon to have rationing of dried and canned fruits and vegetables and of meat. Our so-called burdensome wheat surplus may soon appear as the brightest spot in the food picture. With a shortage of food, and a shortage of the factors of food production, which farms should have first choice of the factors of production which are available? From the point of view of the welfare of ourselves and our allies, first choice should go to the farms where the output per unit of input of the scarce items is greatest. It does not seem to be generally agreed as to what groups of farms fulfill this requirement. Schickele has stated that ". . . it is on the smaller, under-improved and not highly commercialized farms that the possible rate of output expansion is relatively greater than on the larger, well improved and highly commercialized farms...."2 We should like to direct a portion of our discussion to investigation of this thesis.
Evolution of biosynthetic diversity

Since the emergence of the last common ancestor from which all extant life evolved, the metabolite repertoire of cells has increased and diversified. Not only has the metabolite cosmos expanded, but the ways in which the same metabolites are made have diversified. Enzymes catalyzing the same reaction have evolved independently from different protein folds; the same protein fold can produce enzymes recognizing different substrates, and enzymes performing different chemistries. Genes encoding useful enzymes can be transferred between organisms and even between the major domains of life. Organisms that live in metabolite-rich environments sometimes lose the pathways that produce those same metabolites. Fusion of different protein domains results in enzymes with novel properties. This review will consider the major evolutionary mechanisms that generate biosynthetic diversity: gene duplication (and gene loss), horizontal and endosymbiotic gene transfer, and gene fusion. It will also discuss mechanisms that lead to convergence as well as divergence. To illustrate these mechanisms, one of the original metabolisms present in the last universal common ancestor will be employed: polyamine metabolism, which is essential for the growth and cell proliferation of archaea and eukaryotes, and many bacteria.
Role of Baseline Testing

Since preseason baseline neurocognitive testing was implemented in the late 1980s, there has been considerable debate over the merits, utility, and clinical application of comparing data from post-concussive evaluations to baseline data rather than normative data. Baseline neurocognitive testing has evolved from paper-based measures to Internet- and tablet-based measures, with considerable debate and discussion over its merits. Consensus experts on sports concussion have convened every 4 years, since 2000, and among their discussion topics has been the utility of baseline testing. In addition, issues related to the reliability and stability of baseline testing and evidence for baseline testing contributing to return-to-play decisions continue to be debated and discussed in the literature.
Cancer Dissemination, Hydrocephalus, and Survival After Cerebral Ventricular Entry During High-Grade Glioma Surgery: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND The consequences of ventricular entry during resection of high-grade gliomas (HGG) are uncertain and often not detectable clinically. OBJECTIVE To reveal odds of tumor dissemination, hydrocephalus, and mortality in adult patients who had ventricular entry during surgical resection of HGG. METHODS Titles and abstracts of published journals in the NCBI/NLM PubMed and OVID EMBASE databases were searched without language restriction and systematically screened. Outcomes extracted included the odds of leptomeningeal dissemination and hydrocephalus in patients with ventricular entry during HGG resection compared to without. They were analyzed using a random-effects model to calculate summary odds ratios (sORs). Overall survival data were also compared between patients with and without ventricular entry. RESULTS Twenty final studies with 2251 total patients were included from the 6910 retrieved. Patients with ventricular entry during HGG resection demonstrated higher odds of leptomeningeal dissemination (sOR: 3.91 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.89-8.10]; P = .0002; 86/410 vs 57/847 patients in 9 studies) and hydrocephalus (sOR: 7.78 [95% CI: 3.77-16.05]; P < .00001; 58/431 vs 11/565 patients in 11 studies). They also had decreased survival (median survival: 16.8 vs 19.1 mo; 413 vs 322 patients in 10 studies; hazard ratio: 1.25 [95% CI: 1.05-1.48], P = .01). CONCLUSION The association between ventricular entry during HGG resection and tumor dissemination, hydrocephalus, and decreased survival invites investigations to understand this link. Neurosurgeons and neuro-oncologists must be aware of the consequences of ventricular entry during surgery for HGG.
Firm's behavior in the presence of antidumping laws

Dumping and antidumping are among the prominent issues in trade negotiations these days. All economists agree that any barrier to the free flow of goods among countries of the world is welfare reducing. However, the proponents of antidumping laws claim that these laws are not meant to limit free trade but to promote fair trade, and therefore, if the trade is fair in laissez-faire environments, which in this case implies that dumping does not occur in the absence of antidumping law, the introduction of antidumping laws should not matter;The definition of dumping commonly used in antidumping cases is that dumping is considered to have occurred if the price charged by a firm in a foreign market inclusive of transportation costs is lower than the price that firm charges for the same product in a domestic market. In these circumstances the antidumping law recommends that tariff, which is some proportion of the difference in the two prices, be imposed on the imports. We use best response curves in a simple duopoly model and analyze the effects of antidumping laws. We show that this type of tariff rule gives an edge to the home (importing) firm over the foreign (exporting) firm and creates non-concavity in the home firm's profit function, and this causes jumps in its best response curve. While solving the model we show that multiple local solutions may exist due to the unique structure of the home firm's best response curve. When solutions are hard to characterize analytically, we use numeric simulation. We simulate a situation where, in the absence of antidumping law, dumping does not take place in equilibrium. However, if the antidumping law is introduced in this situation, multiple solutions emerge some of which are in the regions where the law is actually binding for the foreign firm;Intuitively, one expects that the antidumping laws would not affect decisions of the firms in both importing and exporting countries if the dumping does not occur in laissez-faire situation. However, we demonstrate that the presence of antidumping laws can lead firms to modify their behavior.
Honey bees choosing a home prefer previously occupied cavities

Given a choice between nesting in boxes which had been previously occupied by bees, containing comb, and boxes never occupied, honey bees (Apis mellifera) show a significant (p=0.032) preference for the previously occupied cavities. This behavior may be adaptive in terms of energetic savings to a new colony, or cavities with comb may simply be more conspicous.
Rose Lee´s House

Rose Lee’s House has been designed and built for a family in a small, black community in West Alabama. It is the result of two semester’s work by the Second Year students at the Rural Studio, a des...
Steel-Free Bridge Decks Reinforced with FRP Composites

Successful utilization of advanced polymer composite materials in civil infrastructures have long been recognized in bridge deck applications. The concept of ‘steel-free’ in concrete bridge decks can be achieved by replacing the conventional steel reinforcement with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) based reinforcing materials. Reviewed in this chapter are steel-free bridge decks reinforced with these composite reinforcement in forms of round or square rods, 2-D or 3-D grids or gratings, flat or curved FRP plate, sandwich panel with foam/balsa/steel inserts, stiffened or corrugated stay-in-place formwork, and polymer decks.
An Organic Geochemical Assessment of CO 2 -Coal Interactions During Sequestration

Three well-characterized coal samples of varying rank were extracted with supercritical CO2 to determine the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that could be mobilized during simulated CO2 injection/sequestration in deep coal beds. The supercritical CO2 extractions were conducted at 40°C and 100 bars, roughly corresponding to a depth of 1 km. The greatest amount of PAHs was extracted from the high-volatile C bituminous coal sample. Extracts from the subbituminous C and anthracite coal samples contained lower concentrations of these compounds. The effectiveness of supercritical CO2 in liberating PAHs from the coal sample was evaluated in a comparison with a parallel series of Soxhlet extractions using 100% dichloromethane. More PAHs were extracted from the lower rank coal samples with dichloromethane than with supercritical CO2. The results from this investigation indicate that, regardless of coal rank, CO2 injection into deep coal beds may mobilize PAHs from the coal matrix. However, more PAHs could be mobilized during CO2 sequestration in a high-volatile C bituminous coal bed than in either of the other two coal ranks studied.
From the Couch to the Street: Applications of Psychoanalysis to Work with Individuals Who Are Homeless and Mentally Ill

Current-day psychiatric treatment of severely disturbed populations tends to focus on the biological, behavioral, and social dimensions of rehabilitation. This paper addresses the relative neglect of the complex psychodynamic and interpersonal aspects of treatment of individuals who are homeless and mentally ill by presenting two clinical cases that are discussed from various psychoanalytic frames of reference. Based on their clinical experiences, the authors conclude that psychoanalysis offers valuable frameworks to guide the treatment process and the structure of the treatment setting for individuals who are homeless and suffering from severe psychiatric illness.
Whistling past the graveyard : amnesty and the right to an effective remedy under the African Charter : the case of South Africa and Mocambique

Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Angelo Matusse at the Faculty of Law, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mocambique
Fluid mixing during late-stage Carlin-type mineralization in the Getchell and Twin Creeks deposits, Nevada

Abstract A stable isotope study of orpiment–realgar–calcite–stibnite mineralization in the Getchell and Twin Creeks deposits, Nevada was undertaken to determine the origin(s) of Late-stage fluids. Samples of orpiment have бD values of −48.4‰ to −90.5‰ and б34S values of 0.3–2.2‰, which are indicative of a magmatic source. Whereas samples of realgar have бD values of −129.1‰ to −139.7‰ that are indicative of meteoric water and б34S values of 4.2–4.9‰, similar to pre-ore/diagenetic pyrite. The бD and б13C data of calcite plot to form a mixing trend between fluids with magmatic and meteoric sources. Fluid mixing and wall-rock interaction is supported by the distribution of data in a бD and б18OH2O plot for calcite. Additional evidence of fluid mixing is provided by бD values of −55.4‰ to −137.9‰ for stibnite. These data document how a magmatic fluid produced orpiment–Au mineralization, fluid mixing occurred during calcite deposition, and barren realgar formed from a meteoric water.
Electrophoretic deposition of LiFePO4 onto 3-D current collectors for high areal loading battery cathodes

Abstract Three-dimensional (3-D) current collectors in lithium-ion batteries with high areal loading of cathode materials enables reduced packaging weight and cost compared to planar current collector materials. Here, we demonstrate the use of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) as a route to prepare thick cathode assembles in 3-D scaffolds using LiFePO4 with areal loadings measured from 2 mg/cm2 and up to 20 mg/cm2 in conductive carbon cloth materials. Our findings demonstrate the LiFePO4 cathodes with areal capacity up to ∼2.4 mAh/cm2 and minimal decay (
Effects of an acid precipitation event on the near-surface water chemistry of an oligotrophic lake

Reported here are the first data that examine direct chemical interactions between acid precipitation and near-surface lake waters. Temporal snapshots of the dissolved phase chemical dynamics at several depths in the surface 0.5 m water column of an oligotrophic low-alkalinity lake are presented for a storm event which occurred on August 17, 1983. During precipitating periods pH decreases of up to 0.35 pH units were observed in surface waters. The good agreement between the time-depth profiles of temperature, excess H+, and excess SO42− strongly suggested that the major acidity component of the rain water (H2SO4) was primarily responsible for the decreased surface water pH.
Highly Stereoselective Broensted Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of Spirooxindole Pyrans.

Prins-type cyclization of β-hydroxy dioxinones and isatin dimethylacetals is used to construct the title skeletons with complete diastereoselectivity.
Lateral septum neurotensin neurons link stress and anorexia

Abstract Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by severe voluntary food restriction1. Stress is known to be a precipitating factor in AN2-5, but the underlying biology linking stress to feeding is not well understood. Here we describe a novel population of stress-responsive neurons in the lateral septum (LS) that express neurotensin (NtsLS) and negatively regulate food intake. We used in vivo fiber photometry and chemo/optogenetics to show that NtsLS neurons are activated by stressful experiences, including active escape in a predator-induced stress paradigm, and specifically decrease food intake in mice, without altering anxiety or locomotor behaviors. These neurons co-express Glp1r, and pharmacologic or genetic manipulations of Glp1r signaling in the LS recapitulate the behavioral findings shown using chemo/optogenetics. Finally, we mapped the outputs of NtsLS neurons and show that activation of NtsLS neuronal terminals in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) also decrease food intake. Taken together, these results show that NTSLS neurons serve as a potential link between stress and anorexia and act by modulating hypothalamic pathways regulating feeding.
Justice Then and Now: Engaging Students in Critical Thinking About Justice and History

The typical U.S. history curriculum does not ask students to think about justice. While ignoring injustice may reduce controversy in the classroom, critically thinking about justice engages student...
The HPC-a Collectogram: A Useful Tool for Determining Collection Processing Volumes

Introduction Optimal mobilization is an important step in the autologous hematopoietic cell transplant procedure. Mobilization requires the administration of growth factors such as filgrastim, a granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and plerixafor, a CXCR4 antagonist, that help release hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) from the marrow niche. HPCs are differentiated from other cells by their expression of CD34 on the cell surface. Through monitoring of CD34+ cells, the transplant team assesses how well a donor is mobilizing and can adjust mobilization and collection plans accordingly. This enables decision-making on the use of plerixafor and the volume of whole blood to be processed (WBP). Objective We developed the HPC- A Collectogram to help determine the volume of WBP depending on the assumed collection efficiency (CE2). This tool, built in Excel utilizes embedded formulas with input variables including target CD34 dose, dosing weight, blood volume, total WBC, peripheral blood CD34%, PBCD34 count and assumed CE2 (Figure 1). The CE2 at the time of the collection is unknown however an educated guess is made based on the median CE2 for previous collections at our center. The CE2 is a measurement of the apheresis instrument's ability to separate and extract the maximum number of CD34+ cells from cells available in the peripheral blood; yet the CE2 may be heavily influenced by variables such as donor and blood characteristics, as well as apheresis machine software/program and operator adjustments. Method Utilizing the known median CE2 value as a guide, the HPC-A Collectogram can be utilized to predict collection volumes that meet exact collection goals within an acceptable range. The decision to restrict collection based on a calculated processing volume may prevent undesirable side effects of a prolonged apheresis procedure and the over-collection of HPCs. Results For example, Jane Donor, weight 69.9 Kg, height 170.2 cm, WBC 52.2 K/uL, CD34% 0.196: To use the HPC-A Collectogram to guide collection in this patient, the user should: (1) Enter values for prescribed dose and dosing weight to calculate the absolute CD34 dose. (2) Enter current height and weight into the appropriate gender column to calculate donor blood volume. (3) Enter collection day WBC and CD34% as a decimal to determine the PBCD34 and to populate WBP and the target blood volume (BV) (the number of times the donor blood volume will need to be circulated through the apheresis instrument). (4) Choose the target BV to run based on the expected efficiency. For this example, run 3.73 BVs for an expected 40% efficiency to collect 10 million CD34+ cells/kg (Figure 2). Conclusion The HPC-A Collectogram can be a useful tool to more efficiently assist transplant team members in determining the volume of WBP required to meet prescribed dosing goals for hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Is Backside the New Backdoor in Modern SoCs?: Invited Paper

Modern integrated circuits (ICs) possess several countermeasures to safeguard sensitive data and information stored in the device. In recent years, semi-invasive physical attacks based on optical debugging techniques have proven to be capable of easily bypassing these security measures implemented in the chip. Optical attacks can reveal the data stored in memory, cache and register through various methods such as photon emission analysis, laser fault injection, laser voltage probing, and thermal laser stimulation. The above-mentioned methods, which employ laser scanning microscopy and photon emission microscopy, are effective because the silicon substrate is transparent to near-infrared (NIR) photons. Therefore, the most vulnerable part of an IC to optical attacks is the backside, where the chip's transistors can be accessed and probed with a NIR laser beam. Although different optical attack detection and avoidance mechanisms have been proposed, many can be circumvented and none are universal solutions for all types of optical attacks. In this study, we present a taxonomy of the different types of optical attacks and the security threats posed by each type. Then we discuss the existing prevention-detection based solutions to optical probing attacks which will set the future research direction.
Utero-placental vascular remodeling during late gestation in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Abstract Background Remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries and blood vessels within the placenta allows delivery of nutrients to the growing utero-fetal-placental unit. While abnormal remodeling of these vessels is thought to play an important role in syndromes including intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia, there are a lack of studies that have quantified vascular remodeling in normal pregnant rats. Thus, the purpose of this study was to quantify time-dependent remodeling of the utero-placental vasculature during late gestation in normal pregnant rats. Methods Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Gestational days of 14 and 19 were chosen because this when a large amount of fetal and placental growth occurs. A combined method of perfusion-casting and 3D micro-computed tomography were utilized to construct ex-vivo utero-placental vasculature images. Results Significant spiral artery remodeling occurred between days 14 and 19. Vessel density shifted away from a distribution of smaller to larger diameters by day 19. Total spiral artery area and average diameter were increased by day 19. Moreover, branching and tortuosity of the spiral arteries were greater by day 19. In rodents, spiral arteries feed into the central canal vessels that funnel to sites of exchange. Canal vessel area and diameter were increased by day 19. Conclusions Our study supports a quantitative method to examine the placental vasculature showing that significant vascular remodeling occurs during late gestation in the utero-placental-fetal unit of the normal pregnant rat. This method may serve as a tool to investigate fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying placental-related diseases in rat models.
Breast Cancer Risk and Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents After a Benign Breast Biopsy.

Over one million women in the United States receive biopsy diagnoses of benign breast disease (BBD) each year, which confer a 1.5–4.0-fold increase in breast cancer risk. Studies in the general population suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID) lower breast cancer risk; however, associations among women with BBD are unknown. We assessed whether NSAID use among women diagnosed with BBD is associated with lower breast cancer risk. Participants included 3,080 women (mean age = 50.3 ± 13.5 years) in the Mayo BBD surgical biopsy cohort diagnosed between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 2001 who completed breast cancer risk factor questionnaires that assessed NSAID use, and whose biopsies underwent detailed pathology review, masked to outcome. Women were followed from date of BBD biopsy to breast cancer diagnosis (main outcome) or censoring (death, prophylactic mastectomy, reduction mammoplasty, lobular carcinoma in situ or last contact). Median follow-up time was 16.4 ± 6.0 years. Incident breast cancer was diagnosed among 312 women over a median follow-up of 9.9 years. Regular non-aspirin NSAID use was associated with lower breast cancer risk [HR = 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.46–0.85; P = 0.002] with trends of lower risk (highest tertiles of use vs. nonuse) for greater number of years used [HR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.31–0.97; Ptrend = 0.003), days used per month (HR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.33–0.80; Ptrend = 0.001) and lifetime number of doses taken (HR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31–0.89; Ptrend = 0.003). We conclude that nonaspirin NSAID use is associated with statistically significant lower breast cancer risk after a BBD biopsy, including a dose–response effect, suggesting a potential role for NSAIDs in breast cancer prevention among patients with BBD.
Know your price: Valuing Black lives and property in America’s Black cities, by Andre M. Perry: Washington, DC, Brookings Institution Press, 2020

One of the many joys of working in Washington, DC is attending events hosted by think tanks, nonprofits, and government institutions on site, in person. At an event at the Brookings Institution on ...
Dissection and analysis of a complex cadaveric hand dysmorphology

Abstract Introduction Major embryonic hand development occurs in approximately the fifth week of gestation. The normal course of limb development can be affected by environmental or genetic factors leading to various congenital anomalies. The variability and severity of the anomalies could lead to functional deficits, truncated development, or absence of development. The present study aimed to investigate the anatomical composition of a cadaveric limb presenting with a complex congenital hand malformation. Materials and methods Plain film x-rays and CT scans were obtained prior to dissection of the hand. Then forearm and hand dissections were completed. Digital images were captured throughout the dissection process. Results Imaging and dissection revealed normal osteology of the distal radius, ulna, carpal, and phalanx of the first digit. The second, third and fourth digits were truncated, brachydactyly, with syndactyly of the distal phalanx and integument of these digits. Interestingly, the fifth digit presented with clinodactyly. Examination of the flexor and extensor musculature revealed an abnormal distribution pattern as well. The proximal and distal attachments of the flexor and extensor tendons of the first and fifth digits appeared relatively normal. The extensors of the second, third, and fourth digits attached to the base of the metacarpals. The distribution of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus appeared to interweave with each other and have an altered insertion pattern, with some digits lacking all or some of the typical tendons. Conclusions Based on the osteology and neurovascular results we suspect the congenital malformation observed was symbrachydactyly.
FAK Inhibition Attenuates Corneal Fibroblast Differentiation In Vitro.

Corneal fibrosis (or scarring) occurs in response to ocular trauma or infection, and by reducing corneal transparency, it can lead to visual impairment and blindness. Studies highlight important roles for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and -β3 as modulators in corneal wound healing and fibrosis, leading to increased extracellular matrix (ECM) components and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a myofibroblast marker. In this study, human corneal fibroblasts (hCF) were cultured as a monolayer culture (2D) or on poly-transwell membranes to generate corneal stromal constructs (3D) that were treated with TGF-β1, TGF-β3, or TGF-β1 + FAK inhibitor (FAKi). Results show that hCF 3D constructs treated with TGF-β1 or TGF-β3 impart distinct effects on genes involved in wound healing and fibrosis—ITGAV, ITGB1, SRC and ACTA2. Notably, in the 3D construct model, TGF-β1 enhanced αSMA and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein expression, whereas TGF-β3 did not. In addition, in both the hCF 2D cell and 3D construct models, we found that TGF-β1 + FAKi attenuated TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation, as shown by abrogated αSMA expression. This study concludes that FAK signaling is important for the onset of TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation, and FAK inhibition may provide a novel beneficial therapeutic avenue to reduce corneal scarring.
Laryngoscope Illuminance in a Tertiary Care Medical Center: Industry Standards and Implications for Quality Laryngoscopy.

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that a substantial proportion of laryngoscopes exhibit substandard illuminance by comparing laryngoscope illuminance in a tertiary-level medical center to established standards and identifying features associated with poor illuminance.Study DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingAcademic tertiary care medical center (level 1 trauma center, specialty cardiac hospital, and general hospital).Subjects and MethodsLaryngoscopes from main, cardiac, and outpatient operating rooms; emergency department; and code carts were tested using a standard technique. Illuminance (lux) was chosen as the outcome measure. Benchmarks were derived from the International Standards Organization and medical literature. Light types included incandescent bulb, light-emitting diode, and xenon. Personnel were surveyed regarding maintenance practices.ResultsAcross all hospitals, 691 laryngoscopes were tested. Mean (SD) illuminance was 810 (700) lux for incandescent bulb-on-blade designs (n = 237...
Abraham Lincoln and the Doctrine of Necessity

Abraham Lincoln was a fatalist. That, at least, was what he told many people over the course of his life. "I have all my life been a fatalist," Lincoln informed his Illinois congressional ally, Isaac Ar nold. "Mr. Lincoln was a fatalist," remembered Henry Clay Whit ney, one of his Springfield law clerks, "he believed ... that the uni verse is governed by one uniform, unbroken, primordial law." His Springfield law partner William Henry Herndon, likewise, affirmed that Lincoln "believed in predestination, foreordination, that all things were fixed, doomed one way or the other, from which there was no appeal." Even Mary Todd Lincoln acknowledged that her husband had been guided by the conviction that "what is to be will be, and no cares of ours can arrest nor reverse the decree."1 What this meant in practical terms, as Herndon discovered, was that Lin coln believed that "there was no freedom of the will," that "men had no free choice":