cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta Improves Cardiac Compression Fraction Versus Resuscitative Thoracotomy in Patients in Traumatic Arrest

Study objective Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is emerging as an alternative to resuscitative thoracotomy for proximal aortic control in select patients with exsanguinating hemorrhage below the diaphragm. The purpose of this study is to compare interruptions in closed chest compression or open chest cardiac massage during REBOA versus resuscitative thoracotomy. Methods From May 2014 to December 2016, patients in arrest who received aortic occlusion with REBOA or resuscitative thoracotomy were included. Total cardiac compression time was defined as the total time that closed chest compression was performed for REBOA patients and the total time that closed chest compression (before resuscitative thoracotomy) and open chest cardiac massage (after thoracotomy) were performed for resuscitative thoracotomy patients. Cardiac compression fraction was defined as the time compressions occurred during the entire resuscitation phase. All resuscitations were captured by multiview, time-stamped videography. Results Fifty patients with aortic occlusion after arrest were enrolled: 22 REBOA and 28 resuscitative thoracotomy. Most were men (86%) (median age 30.2 years, interquartile range [IQR] 24.9 to 42.3; median Injury Severity Score 27, IQR 16 to 42; neither differed between groups). The median duration of total cardiac compression time was 945 seconds (IQR 697 to 1,357) for REBOA versus 496 seconds (IQR 375 to 933) for resuscitative thoracotomy. During initial resuscitation, compressions occurred 86.5% of the time (SD 9.7%) during resuscitation with REBOA versus 35.7% of the time (SD 16.4%) in patients receiving resuscitative thoracotomy. Cardiac compression fraction improved after open cross clamp in resuscitative thoracotomy patients to 73.2% of the time (SD 18.0%) but remained significantly less than the same period for REBOA (86.7%; SD 9.4%). Mean cardiac compression fraction for REBOA was significantly improved over that for resuscitative thoracotomy (86.2% [SD 9.1%] versus 55.3 [SD 17.1%]; mean difference 31.0%; 95% confidence interval for difference 22.7% to 39.23%; P Conclusion Total duration of interruptions of cardiac compressions is shorter for patients receiving REBOA versus resuscitative thoracotomy before and during resuscitation with aortic occlusion. Markers for perfusion during resuscitation must be examined to understand the effects of cardiac compressions and aortic occlusion on patients in arrest because of hemorrhagic shock.
Jovian lightning whistles a new tune

The Juno spacecraft has detected unprecedented numbers of ‘whistlers’ and ‘sferics’ in its orbits around Jupiter, both indications of high lightning flash rates in the atmosphere of the gas giant planet.
Molecular Systematics: 1994–1995

During the period of our last review of plant molecular systematics in Progress in Botany 55 (1994) covering mid-1991 through mid-1993, the field had seen the movement to rapid DNA sequencing and large-scale attempts to uncover relationships at all taxonomic levels. We raised the question of whether molecular systematics would in the future provide significant contributions to the myriad of taxonomic and evolutionary questions either singly or in concert with traditional data gathering. As will become clear, molecular systematics is forging ahead along both paths; DNA sequence data especially are providing insights into plant relationships and evolution not afforded by other means, but these sequence data are increasingly being used in parallel with traditional morphological, anatomical, and cytological information.
Hybridizing education of both video games and animated films

Our animation program is a relatively small program that uses large-group projects to teach students. For 15 years, the undergraduate seniors have grouped together each year to create a single large-group animated short film, a consistently successful educational experience leading to solid foundational knowledge, successful hires, and yearly top awards. Six years ago, some of our students approached us wanting to create video games instead of films. This raised the question: can we teach both film and games without compromising the success and educational value that has come from focusing only on animated film? After some experience, our answer was yes. Though films and games have significant differences, we are still able to create both film and video games within a single program. Here we address how to overlap similarities and approach differences in combining the teaching of film and games.
Critical mass: social documentary in France from the silent era to the New Wave

In his introduction to Critical Mass: Social Documentary in France from the Silent Era to the New Wave, Steven Ungar recalls how avant-garde film-making in 1920s France explored ‘how film was capab...
Linear Stress Relaxation and Probe Reorientation: Comparison of the Segmental Dynamics of Two Glassy Polymers during Physical Aging

Segmental dynamics of glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) have been measured over 8 h of aging via both optical probe reorientation and mechanical stress relaxation experiments performed in the linear response regime, in a temperature range between 6 and 30 K below the glass transition temperature (Tg). A clear power law relationship between relaxation times and aging times is observed in all experiments. For both PLA and PMMA glasses, the probe reorientation times are strongly correlated with stress relaxation times over the observed range of aging times and aging temperatures, with the two relaxation times related by a power law with an exponent of ∼1. Comparisons of these data sets with previously published work indicate that the relationship between the two relaxation times is not influenced by secondary relaxation processes, low levels of crosslinking, or the presence of a plasticizer. These results support the view that the probe reorientation technique is a good repo...
The longer timescale excited state dynamics of isolated benzene

The excited state photodynamics of isolated benzene have been studied in the nanosecond range by two-step photoionization through various vibrations of the lowest singlet state, with imaging photoelectron spectroscopy detection. Photoelectron spectra are measured as a function of pump–probe delay time, and their time evolution is successfully compared to a biexponential decay function without regard to a particular kinetic model. The only reasonable kinetic model with only two exponentials is the one that involves an intersystem crossing from S1 to T1, although that model has previously been called into question by high-resolution studies that failed to find any singlet–triplet perturbations in Zeeman studies of the S1 spectrum. That contradiction remains unresolved.
Good news on the active management of pregnant cancer patients

Cancer occurs in approximately 1/1000 to 1/2000 pregnancies and presents complex medical and ethical dilemmas for patients and providers. The most common cancers diagnosed in the gestational period include breast, cervical, melanoma, and lymphomas. The majority of existing evidence regarding the treatment of cancer during pregnancy is derived from experiences with breast cancer. Other cancers often pose unique challenges given the location of the tumors and their traditional mode of treatment with pelvic surgery and radiation. Additionally, many emerging therapies for cancer target mechanisms that are necessary for fetal development, such as angiogenesis, and are contraindicated in pregnant women. Although limitations on the treatment of cancer during pregnancy currently exist, increasing evidence shows that many surgical and systemic therapies can be effective for a mother's oncologic outcomes without significant detriment to the developing fetus. Traditional perspectives of cancer during gestation may sway providers to encourage pregnancy termination, delays in therapy, or early delivery. However, recent studies and reviews discourage such practices. Although every cancer diagnosis in pregnancy requires an individualized approach and should use the multidisciplinary perspectives of maternal-fetal medicine specialists as well as medical and surgical oncologists, providers should feel empowered to safely employ systemic, surgical, and even reserved cases of radiation therapies for their pregnant patients with cancer. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the recent advances in cancer therapies for common cancer subtypes and encourage providers to use this growing body of evidence to employ treatments with curative intent while continuing to evaluate the long-term effects of these therapies on mothers and their children.
Neuromuscular Blockade for the Critically Ill Child

Pediatric intensivists use neuromuscular blocking agents for a variety of conditions in the PICU including intubation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, status asthmaticus, and increased intracranial hypertension. In this chapter, we discuss basic physiology of the neuromuscular junction and various neuromuscular blocking agents available in the PICU, as well as their basic pharmacology, dosing, monitoring, and adverse events.
Improving American Health, One State at a Time

If we considered them as separate countries, the per capita COVID-19 cases in North Dakota would make the state one of the two countries in the world with the highest number of COVID-19 cases;by contrast, Hawaii's case rate positions it in the range of about 85th on the global list of countries with COVID-19.2 These differences will, and undoubtedly should, occasion substantial consideration of the factors, both preexisting and concurrent with the pandemic, that brought about these differences. HEALTH HETEROGENEITY By way of example, in a review of trends in the US burden of disease across states between 1990 and 2016, Mokdad et al. found, consistent with previous analyses, substantial variability across states in a range of health indicators.3 There was a 6.6-year difference in life expectancy at birth in 2016 between the state with the highest (Hawaii) versus the lowest (Mississippi) life expectancy. [...]focusing on five leading causes of death, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed that improving all states to the levels of the healthiest states could annually prevent more than 90 000 cases of premature heart disease, 84000 cases of cancer, 28000 cases of chronic lower respiratory disease, 16 000 cases of stroke, and 36000 cases of unintentional injury deaths.6 A concrete example of how interstate variability in the forces that generate health operate is offered in the article by Baugher et al. in the April issue of AJPH.7 The authors focused on the HIV epidemic and on the factors that may be associated with reduced uptake of preexposure prophylaxis, which can protect against HIV.
Weakly Supervised Deep Learning for Aortic Valve Finite Element Mesh Generation from 3D CT Images

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is useful for simulating Transcather Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR), but has a significant bottleneck at input mesh generation. Existing automated methods for imaging-based valve modeling often make heavy assumptions about imaging characteristics and/or output mesh topology, limiting their adaptability. In this work, we propose a deep learning-based deformation strategy for producing aortic valve FE meshes from noisy 3D CT scans of TAVR patients. In particular, we propose a novel image analysis problem formulation that allows for training of mesh prediction models using segmentation labels (i.e. weak supervision), and identify a unique set of losses that improve model performance within this framework. Our method can handle images with large amounts of calcification and low contrast, and is compatible with predicting both surface and volumetric meshes. The predicted meshes have good surface and correspondence accuracy, and produce reasonable FEA results.
Evaluation of the association of health care system access with kidney cancer surgical outcomes for hispanic and non-hispanic white patients

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the impact of health care system access on outcomes for Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed Hispanic and non-Hispanic White patients diagnosed with localized RCC between 2007 and 2020. We used Health Resources and Services Administration criteria to identify patients living in Medically Underserved Areas (MUA). Primary outcome all-cause mortality and cancer-specific survival using Log Rank test on Kaplan Meier Analysis. Secondary outcome was all-cause mortality and cancer specific survival on Cox Regression when adjusting for risk factors. Results We analyzed 774 patients, 246 (31.8%) Hispanic patients and 528 (68.2%) Non-Hispanic White patients. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with lower risk of ACM (HR 0.53, P = 0.019) and there was no difference for cancer specific survival (HR 0.57, P = 0.059). Living in a MUA was associated with worse all-cause mortality (P = 0.010) but not cancer specific survival (CSS) (P = 0.169). Comparing Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Whites, KMA revealed no difference in 5-year all-cause mortality (83.1% vs. 78.8%, P = 0.254) and 5-year CSS (85.7% vs. 85.4%, P = 0.403). Conclusions Hispanics had lower all-cause mortality risk and no significant differences in 5-year overall survival and CSS compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Our findings indicate that tertiary referral centers may help mitigate inequalities in access to care.
Short- and Long-Term Health Consequences of Gaps in Health Insurance Coverage among Young Adults.

In cross-sectional data, gaps in health insurance coverage are associated with worse health and lower utilization of preventive services. The authors investigated if these associations persisted 2–...
Inhibitory growth effect of ZD6474 alone and in combination with low-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy in mouse endothelial cells.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 3822 Angiogenesis as a target for cancer therapy has received a great deal of attention since tumor growth and maintenance is dependent upon a tumors ability to stimulate angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes angiogenesis in vivo by binding to its receptor (Flk1/KDR) on endothelial cells, which results in subsequent phosphorylation of the kinase domain, ultimately inducing downstream signaling for cell differentiation. The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to block the intracellular signaling process that follows receptor activation is a relatively new approach for cancer therapy. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD6474, an orally available small synthetic molecule, is a 4-anilinoquinazoline that has activity against both Flk1/KDR and EGFR tyrosine kinase activity in the nanomolar range. Studies have shown that the use of TKIs in combination with cytotoxic agents improved tumor regression and decreased vascular density. For this reason we have begun to investigate the utility of TKIs alone and in combination with low-dose cytotoxics to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. We are currently using commercially available transformed murine endothelial cells (bEnd.3, ATCC) and primary mouse lung endothelial cells to investigate the cell inhibitory growth effects of ZD6474 and ZD6474 in combination with docetaxel in vitro . We show similar results with bEnd.3 and primary endothelial cells with IC50 values for ZD6474 in the low micromolar range (1–5μM). ZD6474 in combination with docetaxel dramatically enhances the inhibitory growth effects as determined by cell proliferation assays. Cell cycle kinetics and apoptosis have also been evaluated with ZD6474 alone and in combination with docetaxel. Results from these studies will be used in combination with pharmacokinetic modeling to design dosing regimens that optimize the anti-endothelial effects of combined ZD6474 and docetaxel which will be evaluated in xenograft models.
RNA-directed DNA polymerase--properties and functions in oncogenic RNA viruses and cells.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides description of the properties and classification of the oncornaviruses and related virus particles that possess RNA→DNA polymerase molecules. The chapter describes the properties of the DNA polymerase activities of oncornaviruses and related particles including the endogenous reaction, the reaction products, and the utilization of external templates. The chapter also deals with the studies on the inhibitors of the viral DNA polymerase, their mechanism of action and their effect on cell transformation and tumor induction. The properties of purified RNA→DNA polymerase and the mechanism of DNA synthesis are also explored. The chapter provides evidence for the in vivo function of the viral RNA→DNA polymerase and a concise description of the present understanding of the molecular events of oncornavirus replication and cell transformation. The chapter also discusses the analysis of viral related base sequences in normal and cancer cells by molecular hybridization with the viral DNA product of the RNA→DNA polymerase, and studies on RNA→DNA polymerase in normal and cancer cells.
Presynaptic transmitters and depolarizing influences regulate development of the substantia nigra in culture

Recent evidence suggests that extracellular signals regulate neurotransmitter traits in brain catecholaminergic (CA) neurons as in the periphery. Development of the dopaminergic phenotype in the mouse substantia nigra (SN) was studied by monitoring tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in CA biosynthesis in vivo and in culture. Explants of SN were dissected from embryonic day 15 embryos and grown in culture for a week. To define the influence of depolarizing signals on central dopaminergic neurons, cultures were grown with the pharmacologic depolarizing agent veratridine. This treatment elicited a significant increase in TH enzyme activity, accompanied by elevated levels of enzyme protein. The increase in activity was prevented by TTX, suggesting that transmembrane Na+ influx was necessary for the rise in TH. A physiologic presynaptic agonist, substance P, also evoked a significant increase in TH activity; however, the coproduced tachykinin peptide, substance K (SK, neurokinin A) elicited a more dramatic rise. The SK effect was blocked by TTX, suggesting that the physiologic agonist was acting through the same mechanism as the pharmacologic agent veratridine. Immunoblot analysis revealed that SK elicited a parallel increase in TH enzyme protein. Our observations suggest that the novel peptide, SK, serves a physiological role in the regulation of TH in the striatonigral pathway.
Scheduling with list processing and problem oriented data structures: An itinerant teacher example

Abstract Heuristics are often employed to solve scheduling problems when complicated sets of constraints render standard mathematical approaches intractable. This paper illustrates how list processing and problem oriented data structures were utilized to facilitate development of an effective scheduling heuristic for itinerant teachers. The techniques employed would prove to be extremely useful in solving many other scheduling problems.
Novel Properties of Atomically Arranged Perovskites

Perovskites AMO3−δ attain unique electronic, magnetic, ferroelectric, thermoelectric, mixed-conducting, and other functional properties through selection of the Aand M-site ions, their fractions, ionic sizes and valences, spin states, and orbital orderings, as well as the oxygen content and vacancy ordering. We illustrate here our systematic exploration of the effects of composition, temperature, pressure, and oxygen content on the thermodynamic stability and magnetic properties for La1−x−ySrxBayMnO3 manganites. Parameters controlling magnetic transitions are identified through examples of single-valent compounds of RMnO3 (the Mn–O–Mn bond angles that can be equivalently described in terms of the tolerance factor) and Sr1−xCaxMnO3 (the tolerance factor and disorder described in terms of the variance of A-site ion sizes), and the mixed-valent La0.5Sr0.5−yBayMnO3 (the tolerance factor, variance of sizes, and the local strains described in terms of the elongated Mn–O bonds). By using an example of kinetically stable, atomically-ordered layered-perovskites we show that improved useful properties, such as the increase in the Curie temperature TC and enhancement of colossal magnetoresistive effect at room temperature, can be achieved through decreases in structural distortions such as variance of sizes and local strains.
Genetic Manipulation of Dysferlin Expression in Skeletal Muscle: Novel Insights into Muscular Dystrophy

Mutations in the gene DYSF, which codes for the protein dysferlin, underlie Miyoshi myopathy and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B in humans and produce a slowly progressing skeletal muscle degenerative disease in mice. Dysferlin is a Ca(2+)-sensing, regulatory protein that is involved in membrane repair after injury. To assess the function of dysferlin in healthy and dystrophic skeletal muscle, we generated skeletal muscle-specific transgenic mice with threefold overexpression of this protein. These mice were phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type, and more importantly, the transgene completely rescued the muscular dystrophy (MD) disease in Dysf-null A/J mice. The dysferlin transgene rescued all histopathology and macrophage infiltration in skeletal muscle of Dysf(-/-) A/J mice, as well as promoted the rapid recovery of muscle function after forced lengthening contractions. These results indicate that MD in A/J mice is autonomous to skeletal muscle and not initiated by any other cell type. However, overexpression of dysferlin did not improve dystrophic symptoms or membrane instability in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex-lacking Scgd (delta-sarcoglycan) null mouse, indicating that dysferlin functionality is not a limiting factor underlying membrane repair in other models of MD. In summary, the restoration of dysferlin in skeletal muscle fibers is sufficient to rescue the MD in Dysf-deficient mice, although its mild overexpression does not appear to functionally enhance membrane repair in other models of MD.
A captive breeding experiment reveals no evidence of reproductive isolation among lineages of a polytypic poison frog

Reproductive isolation is central to the generation of biodiversity, yet a clear understanding of the contributions of alternative reproductive barriers to this process remains elusive. Studies of young lineages that have diverged in ecologically important traits can offer insights into the chronology and relative importance of various isolating mechanisms during speciation. In poison frogs (Dendrobatidae), within-species lineages often differ dramatically in coloration, a trait subject to natural and sexual selection. Coloration in the strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) is particularly diverse and previous work suggests the potential for reproductive isolation. We used a captive breeding experiment to assess the extent of reproductive isolation among three allopatric, genetically distinct O. pumilio lineages that differ in coloration. We compared reproduction of within- and between-lineage pairs, predicting that if lineages are isolated, within-lineage pairs would be most successful. We also examined the fertility and productivity of F1 backcrosses of admixed offspring. We found no evidence suggesting behavioural pre-zygotic or post-zygotic reproductive isolation, indicating that isolation would not be maintained by intrinsic mechanisms in the event of secondary contact. Future work should address costs of between-lineage matings exerted by extrinsic natural and/or sexual selection against admixed offspring.
Can dynamical systems approach turbulence

I review some ideas and methods from dynamical systems theory and discuss applications, actual and potential, to the study of fully developed turbulent flows in an open system: the wall region of a boundary layer. After a brief account of applications to a closed flow system, the approach I concentrate on attempts a marriage between statistical methods and deterministic dynamical systems, both orderly and chaotic. Specifically, coherent structures are identified with combinations of certain basis functions using the proper orthogonal decomposition. A relatively low dimensional ordinary differential equation describing the dynamical interactions of a set of these spatially organized structures is then derived by Galerkin projection of the Navier-Stokes equations. The resulting system is optimal in the sense that it retains the greatest turbulent kinetic energy, in a time averaged sense, among all projections of the same dimension. The model is analyzed using the methods of dynamical systems and symmetries are found to play a crucial role. In particular, structurally and asymptotically stable heteroclinic cycles emerge as a common feature in models of various dimensions and orbits attracted to these cycles lead to solutions exhibiting intermittent, violent “events,” which appear to reproduce key features of the bursting process. I speculate on the validity of this approach, the “understanding” of turbulent processes it offers and on how some of the gaps in the procedure might be bridged. I do not suggest that this is the only way in which dynamical systems methods can be used, but it is one which seems worth pursuing.
Perspectives in Clinical Computing

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a broad overview of the trends that will lead to the enlarged usage of computers in the health sciences. These include the growth of the health care industry itself and the prohibitive cost of continuing to do “business as usual” along with the developing technological foundation upon which more sophisticated systems will be built. The chapter addresses non-fiscal applications of computers to the health care system, including automated interviewing systems, automated multiphasic screening systems, total hospital information systems, automated instrumentation, clinical laboratory systems, transverse axial tomography, and automated diagnostic and clinical consultation systems. The chapter introduces the concept of developing total, computerized clinical information systems and discusses the functions of a total hospital information system (THIS). A total hospital information system incorporates many elements into a single, integrated structure. The key to the system's structure is the individual patient medical record. The structure of a typical THIS includes software packages dealing with administration and fiscal functions such as accounting, accounts payable, budget, accounts receivable, patient census, payroll, and personnel.
Effect of Irradiation in a Spallation Neutron Environment on Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Aluminum Alloys 5052 and 6061

The Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) and the Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) programs require structural materials which retain good mechanical properties when exposed in a spallation neutron irradiation environment. One group of materials likely to withstand the environment anticipated for these systems is the aluminum alloy series. To characterize this class of materials in a prototypical irradiation environment, AL5052 (Al-2.7Mg) and Al6061 (Al-1.1Mg-0.5Si) in hardened and annealed conditions were irradiated to a fluence of 4.2 {times} 10{sup 20} neutrons/cm{sup 2} at {approximately} 100 C in a spallation neutron source. Following irradiation, tensile tests and post-test examinations were performed to determine the influence of irradiation and test temperature on mechanical properties and fracture mode. It was found that, the properties of these two aluminum alloys were not significantly affected by the irradiation exposure conditions examined here. Thus these materials may be acceptable as structural materials for APT and ATW applications. This conclusion is based on limited mechanical properties testing, supported by other information in the literature on the performance of these materials in other irradiation environments.
From Outreach to Engaged Placemaking: Understanding Public Land-Grant University Involvement with Tourism Planning and Development.

This dissertation research project aimed to identify benefits and drawbacks of public land-grant university involvement with tourism planning and development, an emergent form of university-community engagement. Using qualitative methodology, the study’s findings led to the codification of levels of university tourism planning and development capacity. It is hoped that the overall project—a portion of which is summarized in this dissertation overview—lays the groundwork for further research on public land-grant university tourism planning and development as potentially both a beneficial and a disempowering form of university-community engagement.
Plasma amino acid coatings for a conformal growth of titania nanoparticles.

We report on the conformal synthesis of ultrathin films from the aminoacid histidine on flat silicon substrates and 3D periodic polymer structures via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. We demonstrate the efficient utilization of this functional amino acid nanocoating for the formation of individual titania nanoparticles with dimensions from 2 to 15 nm depending upon reduction conditions. The titania nanoparticles were grown directly on histidine-functionalized planar and 3D polymer substrates by a wet-chemistry method that showed uniform surface coverage that reached approximately 75%. This approach demonstrates the potential for modifying the optical properties of periodic porous polymeric structures via direct conformal growth of titania nanoparticles.
New Technology Meets an Old Teaching Challenge: Using Digital Video Recordings, Annotation Software, and Deliberate Practice Techniques to Improve Student Negotiation Skills

There is a world of difference between teaching negotiation theory, which pertains to conceptual understanding, and teaching negotiation skills, which pertain to actual behavior in real-world situations. The principle of reflective practice is widely used for theoretical instruction. Deliberate practice, however, is a more powerful model for skills training. Cognitive scientists have discovered that subjects will learn skills best when they perform well-defined tasks at appropriate levels of difficulty, and when they are given immediate feedback, an opportunity to correct their errors, and an opportunity to practice until the tasks become routine. To satisfy the deliberate practice conditions for large graduate-level negotiation courses (some as large as seventy students), students were assigned to use webcams with their laptop computers to video record their negotiation exercises. Before each exercise, students were assigned to prepare for and to concentrate on performing two or three well-defined tasks. Students reviewed these recordings and commented on their performances in a journal before uploading the videos and journals to an assigned network folder. The instructor and teaching assistants then reviewed the journals and specified portions of the videos and provided individual written feedback to the students. The instructors found that student negotiating skills have improved significantly using this new system. In comparison with earlier semesters, students also felt they were involved in a more intense and personal learning experience. A majority of students reported they intend to apply the principles of deliberate practice in their professional lives after graduation. The authors have found this method continues to challenge their ability to identify and describe the skills used by expert negotiators. As an addition to this new methodology, two of the authors have spearheaded the development of video annotation software, known as “MediaNotes,” to help students and instructors review, comment upon, and learn from video recordings of negotiations. Based on their experiences using the software to support deliberate practice, the authors expect this tool to initiate a significant advance in our ability to recognize and describe expert negotiation behavior and in students’ ability to improve their negotiating skills.
Quark distributions in nuclei: Results from lepton probes

Deep inelastic lepton scattering from nuclei indicates that quark-parton distributions are significantly different from the distributions in isolated nucleons. The EMC and SLAC data on iron and deuterium targets show enhanced and suppresed scattering for kinematic regions where Bjorken x 1. These data and recent model interpretations are summarized. Detailed comparisons with the data are presented for the quark cluster model. 53 references.
Thermal aspects of exposure to radiofrequency energy: Report of a workshop

This special issue contains papers presented at an international workshop entitled ‘Thermal Aspects of Radio Frequency Exposure’ convened in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA on 11–12 January 2010, and co-sponsored by the Mobile Manufacturers Forum, the GSM Association, and the US Food and Drug Administration. The goals of the workshop were to (1) identify appropriate health endpoints associated with thermal hazards and their time-dependence thresholds, and (2) outline future directions for research that might lead to an improved understanding of health and safety implications of human exposure to radiofrequency energy and design of improved exposure limits for this energy. This present contribution summarises some of the major conclusions of the speakers, and offers comments by one of the present authors on proposed research priorities and the implications of the material presented at the workshop for setting improved thermally based limits for human exposure to RF energy.
Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin for endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary

Four consecutive patients with endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary were treated following surgery with intensive combination chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin. All four of these patients remain continuously free of recurrent disease from 22 to 43 months following their original diagnosis. Two patients developed severe pulmonary toxicity related to the administration of bleomycin. Both of these patients also experienced Raynaud's phenomenon. The two patients whose initial surgery consisted of unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy have regular, spontaneous menstrual cycles, and one of them has become pregnant twice following the completion of chemotherapy.
Lucy's little legs

Just when it seemed as though a human pattern of bipedal locomotion was firmly established and generally accepted for the Pliocene australopithecines, the interpretation of a substantially different and energetically inefficient gait pattern for these early hominids has appeared again. This recent claim involves the contention that the femur of the Hadar australopithecine female Lucy was too short to allow functional equivalence and kinematic equality with living humans. In this paper it is argued that the data do not support this interpretation of Lucy's relative femur length. Her legs are shown to be about the length one would expect in a modern human of her diminutive weight, and within the human range relative to a measure of the length of her trunk (as is also the femur of the Sterkfontein australopithecine female, STS 14). That the femora of these australopithecines also happen to be the length of a chimpanzee's with similar body weight is irrelevant with regard to their locomotion. Based on the implications of Lucy's small size and relative limb proportions, a model of hominoid divergences and subsequent evolutionary patterns is suggested that accounts for the parallelisms created by the claim that the orangutan was the first of the hominoids to diverge.
Requirements for accurate quantification of self affine roughness using the roughness-length method

Abstract Self-affine fractals have the potential to represent rock joint roughness profiles. Fractional Brownian profiles (self-affine profiles) with known values of fractal dimension, D , input standard deviation, σ , and data density, d , were generated. For different values of the input parameter of the roughness–length method (window length, w ), D and another associated fractal parameter A were calculated for the aforementioned profiles. The calculated D was compared with the D used for the generation to determine the accuracy of calculated D . Suitable ranges for w were estimated to produce accurate D (within ±10% error) for the generated profiles. The results showed that to obtain reliable estimates for fractal parameters of a natural rock joint profile, it is necessary to choose a unit for the profile length to satisfy a data density ( d ) greater than or equal to 5.1. For roughness profiles having 5.1≤ d ≤51.23 and 1.2≤ D ≤1.7, w values between 2.5% and 10% of the profile length were found to be highly suitable to produce accurate fractal parameter estimates. It is recommended to use at least seven w values between the estimated minimum and maximum suitable w values in estimating fractal parameters of a natural rock joint profile. It was found that σ and a global trend of a roughness profile have no effect on calculated D . The estimated A was found to increase with both D and σ . The parameter D captures the auto-correlation and A captures the amplitude of a roughness profile at different scales. Therefore, the parameters D and A are recommended to use with the roughness–length method in quantifying rock joint roughness. In addition, at least one more parameter is required to quantify the global trend of a roughness profile, if it exist; in many cases just the inclination or declination angle of the roughness profile in the direction considered would be sufficient to estimate the global trend. Calculated cross-over lengths (segment length of a profile at which a self-affine profile becomes self-similar) for the profiles investigated were found to be extremely small (less than 0.6% of the profile length) indicating that laser profilometers are required to make roughness measurements at interval lengths comparable to the cross-over lengths of the natural rock joint profiles. To calculate rock joint roughness parameters accurately using the self-similar techniques, it is necessary to have roughness measurements made at interval lengths comparable to the cross-over length of the profile. This indicate clearly the difficulty of using self-similar techniques such as the divider method in estimating rock joint roughness accurately.
Upper respiratory tract tumors induced in Syrian hamsters by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.

Syrian hamsters were treated weekly for 2 1/2 months by intratracheal instillation of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). All the animals, with the exception of one that survived to 11 months of age, were killed between 5 and 7 months because of severe respiratory insufficiency. Tumors, often multicentric in origin and frequently at different sites, developed in the nasopharyngeal tube, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, esophagus and forestomach. Histologically the tumors were epidermoid carcinomas. No distant metastases were observed. The results indicate that NMU exerts a strong local carcinogenic action when applied topically to the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract of Syrian hamsters. The wide spectrum of lesions, benign and malignant tumors, that occur following parenteral administration of NMU were not seen. TUMEURS DE LA PARTIE SUPERIEURE DES VOIES RESPIRATOIRES INDUITES PAR LE N-METHYL-N-NITROSOUREE CHEZ LES HAMSTERS SYRIENS Chaque semaine pendant deux mois et demi, des hamsters syriens ont ete traites par instillation intratracheale de N-nitroso-N-methyluree (NMU). Tous les animaux, a l'exception d'un seul qui a vecu 11 mois, ont ete tues entre 5 et 7 mois en raison d'une insuffisance respiratoire grave. Les tumeurs, qui avaient frequemment une origine multicentrique et etaient situees a des points differents, se sont developpees dans le rhino-pharynx, le pharynx, le larynx, la trachee, les bronches, l'œsophage et le cardia. Au point de vue histologique, les tumeurs etaient des carcinomes epidermoides. On n'a pas observe de metastases disseminees. Les resultats montrent que le NMU a une action carcinogene locale intense quand la substance est en contact direct avec la muqueuse de la partie superieure des voies respiratoires des hamsters syriens. Le vaste spectre de lesions benignes et malignes qui se developpent apres administration parenterale de NMU n'a pas ete observe.
Computer-controlled linear pH gradient for high-performance liquid chromatographic fractionations of aromatic carboxylic acids and of humic and fulvic acids

Abstract Experimental variables that affect the linearity and range of a pH gradient have been studied in detail. Then, this gradient was applied to fractionations of a series of aromatic carboxylic acids as well as to a differentiation of four humic acids and one fulvic acid.
How to approximate optimal auctions

Bayesian auction design investigates how to sell scarce resources to agents with private values drawn according to known distributions. A natural objective in this setting is revenue maximization. The seminal work of Roger Myerson presents a recipe for designing revenue-maximizing auctions in single-parameter settings. Myerson defines a function that maps each agent's value to a new number called the virtual value. The optimal auction then chooses the solution with maximum virtual surplus subject to the feasibility constraints. Often this underlying optimization problem is NP-hard and is complicated by the fact that virtual values may be negative. Prior work approximates the optimal auction by approximating this optimization problem. Such a solution can be interpreted as approximating the optimal auction point-wise, i.e., for each realization of values the revenue of the derived auction is close to that of the Myerson auction. In this letter, we suggest a different approach: Approximate the maximum virtual surplus on average with respect to the induced virtual value distributions. Our approach has the advantage that sometimes the point-wise optimization problem is not approximable to within any reasonable factor. However, by leveraging the fact that any distribution of virtual values has non-negative expectation, it is sometimes possible to get good average-case approximations. Furthermore, the optimal auction is itself an average-case guarantee: it maximizes the revenue on average with respect to the distributions, but it may lose substantial revenue on certain value profiles. Thus our average-case guarantee is without loss of generality. We showcase our approach using the problem of selling goods with positive network externalities. For this problem, the underlying optimization problem is inapproximable, yet with our approach we are able to prove that a natural greedy auction is a constant-factor approximation.
Use of 2h and 3h - p-like coupled-cluster Tamm-Dancoff approaches for the equilibrium properties of ozone

Abstract Equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory in a 2h and 3h − p-like TDA approach has been utilized to determine properties of the ground state of ozone (O3). Many of the values produced with this scheme are better than those obtained with other approaches with similar computational scaling properties.
Persisting Burden Predicts Depressive Symptoms in Dementia Caregivers

Dementia caregivers often report feeling burdened by caretaking responsibilities. Caregiver burden is correlated with caregiver depression, but the interrelationship between burden and depression requires further investigation. This study hypothesized that persisting elevated burden results in subsequent depressive symptoms. Participants were 33 dementia caregivers divided into two groups based on their Zarit Burden Interview score. The outcome variable was the total score on the Geriatric Depression Scale after 12 months. Caregivers who had persisting high burden showed significantly worse depression scores after 12 months compared to those caregivers without persisting high burden. Regression analysis controlling for baseline depression also demonstrated burden as a significant predictor of subsequent depression. These data suggest that longitudinal burden may be predictive of higher depressive symptoms; therefore, reducing burden could decrease depressive symptoms in dementia caregivers.
NIPTE: a multi-university partnership supporting academic drug development.

The strategic goal of academic translational research is to accelerate translational science through the improvement and development of resources for moving discoveries across translational barriers through ‘first in humans’ studies. To achieve this goal, access to drug discovery resources and preclinical IND-enabling infrastructure is crucial. One potential approach of research institutions for coordinating preclinical development, based on a model from the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology and Education (NIPTE), can provide academic translational and medical centers with access to a wide variety of enabling infrastructure for developing small molecule clinical candidates in an efficient, cost-effective manner.
On Boiling an Egg

Dwek and Navon1 give the temperature of boiling water on the top of Pike's peak as 91° C; at an altitude of 14,110 foot the atmospheric pressure should correspond to a boiling point of 86° C. I can, however, confirm their observations from experimental results obtained at 7,300 foot (93° C boiling point); these indicate that an egg may be hard-boiled in 12 minutes. My results support these authors' contention that considerably less than 12 h is required, either at 91° or 86° C, to hard-boil an egg.
BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON AN EPIZOOTIC OF INTESTINAL DISEASE IN SUCKLING AND NEWLY WEANED MICE.

It is now quite generally conceded that the presence in animals of bacteria of Salmonella type is indicative of an active, or potentially active, pathogenic agent (26). In the present instance bacteriological studies of the organs of acutely ill infant mice revealed the presence of one of the Salmonella group. It showed itself to be such by an absence of fermentation of lactose and saccharose, by other cultural reactions, and by cross-agglutination with certain members of the Salmonella group in very low dilutions of their antisera.6 However, the bacterium cannot be included in any of the known species of the group because of its indol-forming properties, differences in carbohydrate reactions, and specific serological reactions. Its presence in affected mice, growth on artificial media, ability to cause the disease following enteral and parenteral inoculations, and the fact that it can be recovered from artificially infected mice fulfill the postulates of Koch. Furthermore, agglutinins are present in the blood of recovered mice and not in that of normal animals, and recovery of mice from natural infection evokes an apparent resistance against the special recovered Salmonella bacterium. The organism would appear to fall in the Asiaticusdivision of the genus, as designated by Castellani and Chalmers (27).