cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First Pass Study of Surface Modified Porous Low-k by Ion Implantation for Zero Thickness Barrier Requirement of Cu/MSQ/Si Stacks in Copper Metallization Scheme

Low-κ dielectrics have to meet stringent requirements in material properties in order to be successfully integrated. A particularly difficult challenge for material development is to obtain a combination of low dielectric constant with good thermal and mechanical properties. Incorporation of low dielectric constant materials such as porous silica based materials as a replacement to conventional dielectrics like SiO2 and use of Cu metallization schemes has become a necessity as critical dimensions of devices decrease. This paper is focused on the challenges in developing materials with low dielectric constant but strong thermo mechanical properties. Thin films of Ultra-Low materials such as porous Methyl Silsesquioxane (MSQ) (κ=2.2) were implanted with argon 1 × 1016 cm-2 dose at energies varying from 20 to 50 keV at room temperature. This work shows that the surface hardness of the porous films can be improved five times as compared to the as-deposited porous films by implanting Ar with 1 × 1016 cm-2 doses at 20 keV, sacrificing only a slight increase (∼9%) in dielectric constant (e.g., from 2.2 to 2.4). The hardness persists after 4500C annealing. In this current work, an ion implantation strategy was pursued to create a SiO2-like surface on MSQ. The effects of implantation parameters on the barrier property and bulk stability of MSQ were then studied. The results reveal one possible route to attain the “zero barrier thickness” requirement for interconnects systems.
Steady state hydrogen transport through zone refined irons

Hydrogen permeation from the gas phase through zone refined iron was measured with the electrochemical technique over 0 to 60°C and 0.01 to 1 atm. The surface impedance problems normally encountered in this pressure-temperature range were eliminated by a thin layer of electroplated palladium on the input surface of the permeation membrane. The steady state flux was propprtional to the square root of the pressure and inversely proportional to the membrane thickness. The permeability coefficient was 2.6 × 1017 exp ((-8500 ± 600 cal/mole deg)/RT) atom H/cm s atm1/2, in good agreement with earlier results at higher temperatures. These results can be used to calibrate electrochemical charging experiments in terms of an effective hydrogen pressure.
International Borrowing: A Reply To Rolf Mirus's Note

Rolf Mirus starts his note on international borrowing by describing the “approach” which Clovis de Faro and I took in our JIBS article as that of “… picking the [borrowing] source with least expected cost without consideration of the risk involved.”1 This characterization of our work is somewhat unfortunate, since we assumed, for purposes of clarity and simplicity, that the borrowing problems considered were situated in a deterministic (i.e., riskless) world. Specifically, we assumed that “…the inflation rates and devaluation rates expected during a loan period are always realized.”2 Perhaps we should have repeated this assumption at the end of the paper and emphasized the limitations that this places on our results. Had we done this we might well have included something along the lines of the following: “That a firm in a risky world may refrain from raising all of its required funds in a lower cost foreign market is not contrary to the simple decision rule developed here, for our rule was developed for a riskless world.”
Effects of Cortisone on Electrocardiographic Changes in Adrenal Insufficiency.

Discussion and ConclusionsThe changes in the electrocardiogram in adrenal insufficiency were found to parallel the alterations in plasma sodium and potassium; these were prevented with adequate maintenance dosages of cortisone but not corrected completely by this steroid after marked abnormalities in the electrocardiogram had occurred. This is in keeping with the concept (2,6) that the defects in cardiac function, found in adrenal insufficiency are the result of losses of body sodium and elevation of plasma potassium with a consequent imbalance of these ions. If this were the cause, it would be expected that abnormalities of the electrocardiogram would be reversed toward normal only by restoration or maintenance of adequate concentrations of sodium and potassium; such was found to be the case in our experiments.It is currently taught that the difference in potential which exists across the cell membrane is dependent, in part, upon the difference in concentration of potassium between the intra- and extrace...
Harvey Milk and the Trauma of Assassination

This article sets out to explain why after the 1978 assassination of San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and city supervisor Harvey Milk, it is the latter who has achieved world recognition. At the ...
Hydrocarbon accumulating model and forecasting of favorable prospecting areas in buried hill of Budate Group,Beier Sag

The analysis of the hydrocarbon type,distribution and accumulating conditions in the buried hill of Budate Group in the Beier Sag reveals that the reservoirs formation and distribution are controlled by hydroncarbon-supplying window of K1n,source rock and caprock faulting,fracture-developing areas,collecting areas of oil-gas migration,and fault-bench and fault-horst hills formed in the middle-period deformation.There are two hydrocarbon accumulating models: accumulating in weathering crust in the top of the buried hill by migrating laterally through faults or unconformities,and accumulating in fractures or crushed zones in the buried hill by migrating vertically through faults.The most favorable prospecting areas are in the middle of the Sude'erte structural zone,around Well Bei 17 in the middle of the Huhenuoren fault nose structural zone,and around Well Bei 36 in the middle of the Aonaohai sub-sag.Other favorable areas are in the south of the Huoduomo'er anticline zone and around Well Bei 5 in the north of the Huhenuoren fault nose structural zone.
Experiment and study on flooding in oil field with synchronization of measuring and controlling

Flooding in oil field must be operated from bottom layer to top one with only a layer flow being measured and controlled during a journey.Its maximal weakness is low efficiency and interfering severely among controlling water flow of layers.So scheme of synchronization of measuring and controlling is made: every layer is configured with one instrument,and every instrument is set to doing itself task according to given flow after fixed time and stop until the goal is a achieved.All instruments are thrown down to well by test carriage and be seated at bridge pose partiality flooding implement.Every instruments has a CPU,calculates with PID formula,then outs to driven device,controls valve opening of stopper,so the flow of flooding is adjusted.We can make a conclusion: synchronization of measuring and controlling is reasonable on flooding in oil field.It makes not only a high efficiency and a high accuracy of flooding flow,but also spares giant costs.
Capability compare of ControlNet and Profibus-DP field-bus

Both ControlNet and Profibus-DP are field-bus,which are applied in the industrial control class.In virtue of open system interconnection(OSI) network model,ControlNet and Profibus-DP were separated into physics transmission layer,data link layer and superstratum protocol,and were compared from landscape orientation.In the physics transmission layer,transmission medium and transmission speed were analyzed and compared.In the data link layer,MAC technology was analyzed and compared.And in the superstratum protocol,CIP protocol of ControlNet was analyzed and compared,user layer protocol of Profibus-DP was analyzed and compared.In the end,communication pattern and network performance of both buses were analyzed and compared.Analyzing and comparing both buses generally,merits and defects of both buses were gotten,and there were in favor of choosing bus reasonably,in the industrial control field.
Intersections between cardiac physiology, emotion regulation and interpersonal warmth in preschoolers: Implications for drug abuse prevention from translational neuroscience.

BACKGROUND: Early childhood is characterized by dramatic gains in emotion regulation skills that support social adjustment and mental health. Understanding the physiological substrates of healthy emotion regulation may offer new directions for altering trajectories toward initiation and escalation of substance abuse. Here, we describe the intersections between parasympathetic and sympathetic tone, emotion regulation and prosocial behavior in a high-risk sample of preschoolers. METHOD: Fifty-two 3-6 year old children completed an assessment of attention regulation in response to affective stimuli. Cardiac respiratory sinus arrhythmia, an index of parasympathetic tone, and pre-ejection period, a marker of sympathetic activation, were recorded at rest and while children engaged in social interactions with their mothers and an unfamiliar research assistant. Mothers reported on children's emotional reactivity and prosocial behavior. RESULTS: Controlling for age and psychosocial risk, higher parasympathetic tone predicted better attention regulation in response to angry emotion and higher levels of prosocial behavior, whereas a reciprocal pattern of higher parasympathetic tone and lower sympathetic arousal predicted better attention in response to positive emotion and lower emotional reactivity. Children exposed to fewer risk factors and higher levels of maternal warmth were more able to sustain a high level of parasympathetic tone during interaction episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that autonomic measures represent biomarkers for socio-emotional competence in young children. They also point to the importance of early experiences in the establishment of physiological regulation and the promise of family-based intervention to promote healthy emotion regulation and prevent substance dependence in high-risk populations.Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved. Language: en
Aerosolized beta2-agonists do not induce bronchial hyperreactivity in healthy adults

Objective:To determine whether regular administration of beta2 agonists could induce bronchial hyperreactivity in nonasthmatic volunteers.Design:A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial of 2 weeks therapy with a 2-week washout period between each treatment period. Treatments were albuterol or matching placebo as 2 inhalations 4 times daily.Subjects:Ten healthy, nonsmoking women 27—37 years old.Setting:General clinical research center of a tertiary care university hospital.Main Outcome Measures:Baseline spirometry and methacholine bronchoprovocation studies were performed immediately prior to, 12 hours following, and 1 and 2 weeks following each treatment period.Results:No change was detected in either baseline spirometry or methacholine responsiveness.Conclusions:This suggests that if beta2-agonists induce a rebound bronchial hyperreactivity, it is not the result of the production of tolerance or a direct effect on bronchial smooth muscle.
Cadherin binding sites of plakoglobin: localization, specificity and role in targeting to adhering junctions.

Plakoglobin directly interacts with cadherins and plays an essential role in the assembly of adherens junctions and desmosomes. Recently we have reported that multiple cadherin binding sites are localized along the arm repeat region of plakoglobin. To demonstrate functionally and specificity of these sites in vivo we constructed a set of chimeric proteins containing a plakoglobin sequence fused with the transmembrane vesicular protein synaptophysin. Plakoglobin fused upstream or downstream from synaptophysin (PgSy and SyPg, chimeras, respectively) is exposed on the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic-like vesicles and is able to associate with E-cadherin, and with two desmosomal cadherins, desmoglein and desmocollin. Moreover, plakoglobin targets these vesicles to cell-cell junctions. Insertion of synaptophysin within plakoglobin (PSyG chimeras) can interfere with cadherin binding of the resulting chimeric proteins, dependent on the position of the insertion. Insertion of synaptophysin in the first three arm repeats selectively inactivates plakoglobin binding to desmoglein and desmocollin. An insertion of synaptophysin within the next two repeats inactivates E-cadherin and desmocollin binding but not desmoglein binding. This localization of the desmoglein and E-cadherin binding sites was further confirmed by replacement of plakoglobin arm repeats with the corresponding sequence derived from the plakoglobin homologue, beta-catenin, and by deletion mutagenesis. Insertion of synaptophysin in most sites within arm repeats 6–13 does not change plakoglobin binding to cadherins. It does, however, strongly inhibit association of the resulting vesicles either with desmosomes and adherens junctions or with desmosomes only. Using in vitro binding assays we demonstrate that arm repeats 6–13 contain two cryptic cadherin binding sites that are masked in the intact protein. These observations suggest that the arm repeat region of plakoglobin is comprises two functionally distinct regions: the 1/5 region containing desmoglein and E-cadherin specific binding sites and the 6/13 region implicated in targeting of plakoglobin/cadherin complexes into junctional structures.
Acute Gastroenteritis and Recreational Water: Highest Burden Among Young US Children

Objectives. To provide summary estimates of gastroenteritis risks and illness burden associated with recreational water exposure and determine whether children have higher risks and burden.Methods. We combined individual participant data from 13 prospective cohorts at marine and freshwater beaches throughout the United States (n = 84 411). We measured incident outcomes within 10 days of exposure: diarrhea, gastrointestinal illness, missed daily activity (work, school, vacation), and medical visits. We estimated the relationship between outcomes and 2 exposures: body immersion swimming and Enterococcus spp. fecal indicator bacteria levels in the water. We also estimated the population-attributable risk associated with these exposures.Results. Water exposure accounted for 21% of diarrhea episodes and 9% of missed daily activities but was unassociated with gastroenteritis leading to medical consultation. Children aged 0 to 4 and 5 to 10 years had the most water exposure, exhibited stronger associations betwe...
Perceived Learning and Timely Graduation for Business Undergraduates Taking an Online or Hybrid Course.

ABSTRACTAn online survey tested the impact of background, technological, and course-related variables on perceived learning and timely graduation for a complete data sample of 263 business undergraduates taking at least one online or hybrid course in the fall of 2015. Hierarchical regression results showed that course-related variables (instructor effectiveness, student motivation) were the most effective in explaining perceived learning, while perceived learning accounted for additional significant variance in explaining timely graduation.
Inhibition and conformational change of SERCA3b induced by Bcl-2.

Abstract An interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA had been documented in vitro using the SERCA1a isoform isolated from rat skeletal muscle [Dremina, E. S., Sharov, V. S., Kumar, K., Azidi, A., Michaelis, E. K., Schoneich, C. (2004) Biochem. J. 383 (361–370)]. Here, we demonstrate the interaction of Bcl-2 with the SERCA3b isoform both in vitro and in cell culture. In vitro, the interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA3b was studied using Bcl-2∆21, a truncated form of human Bcl-2, and microsomes isolated from SERCA3b-overexpressing HEK-293 cells. For these experiments, SERCA3b was quantified by a combination of amino acid analysis and Western blotting. We observed that Bcl-2∆21 both inactivates SERCA3b and co-immunoprecipitates with SERCA3b. The incubation with Bcl-2∆21 changes the distribution of SERCA3b during sucrose density gradient centrifugation, likely as the result of Bcl-2∆21-induced conformational change of SERCA3b. When SERCA3b-overexpressing HEK-293 cells were co-transfected with Bcl-2, Bcl-2-dependent SERCA3b inactivation was observed. In these cells, Bcl-2 interaction with SERCA3b was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeling of SERCA3b. Together, our data provide evidence for the interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA3b in vitro and in cell culture, and for Bcl-2-dependent conformational and functional changes of SERCA3b.
A Concept for the Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology to Battlefield Spectrum Management

Battlefield Spectrum Management (BSM) has become an increasingly complex function in modern warfare. Many factors contribute to this situation, two of which are the proliferation of dedicated electronic warfare (EW) systems and the exponential increase in speed and volume of information exchange. Manual BSM techniques are no longer responsive to the modern electronic warfare battlefield requirements. Automated aids such as the Army Tactical Frequency Engineering System (ATFES) and adaptive HF technology to assist in network management have been introduced, are helpful, but do not provide a total solution. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and expert system (ES) technology is explored in this paper as a means to enhance modern BSM.
Putting political spectacle to work: Understanding local resistance to the Common Core

In the fall of 2013, a parents’ group formed to protest the new Common Core based mathematics textbook recently adopted by their school district. Quickly allying with teachers, the new coalition began to, “hammer,” the district to drop the Common Core and return to more traditional texts and pedagogies. They did so by speaking at Governing Board meetings, participating in interviews with local newspapers, appearing on a local radio talk show, and forming social media accounts. This intrinsically motivated case study uses qualitative media analysis to examine the texts produced from these and other public declarations to better understand local policy formation through the mechanics of “political spectacle.” Political spectacle theory suggests that policy may be formed through dramatic public displays and that policy formed from such spectacles often undemocratically reinforces existing inequalities. The study analyzes the parent, teacher and administration policy actors’ use of political spectacle elements such as symbolic language, construction of problems, casting of enemies and allies and distinctions between onstage and backstage drama to understand the adoption, challenge and ultimate rejection of a Common Core based mathematics text in a mid-sized southwestern United States School district.
A Ternary Model of Political Resistance: Subject, Action, and Object

This chapter describes each of the utopian stereotypes and explores the relationship between these and political power through Michel de Certeau’s understanding of subjectivity as an active practice of opening up new conceptual spaces within preconceived ways of being. The book concludes by proposing a tripartite theoretical framework. The discursive division of possible lifestyles into three main stereotypes mirrors the division in Western philosophy between the subject, action, and object dimensions. Ordinarily, these three dimensions work in harmony. Yet, we find that a paralysis has occurred in this mechanism. The social rift that exists between the activist lifestyle and the other two reflects a broader disconnect between the subject dimension and the other two. For social movement to occur, this rift needs to be mended.
Family Instability and Children's Health

Research on family instability is fertile ground for translation into policy and practice. This article describes how basic science in this area can more effectively support work in later stages of the translational research process. To begin, the scope of family instability is outlined with trends, causes, and effects. Next, a conceptual model of the effects of family instability on children's health identifies focal aspects that could be leveraged for translational research: developmental domain, developmental time, mechanisms, and points of variation. The guidelines presented are meant to be general and applicable to a variety of topics and fields in which family scholars aim to improve basic research that can contribute to and move forward a translational family science.
A master equation approach to actin polymerization applied to endocytosis in yeast

We present a Master Equation approach to calculating polymerization dynamics and force generation by branched actin networks at membranes. The method treats the time evolution of the F-actin distribution in three dimensions, with branching included as a directional spreading term. It is validated by comparison with stochastic simulations of force generation by actin polymerization at obstacles coated with actin "nucleation promoting factors" (NPFs). The method is then used to treat the dynamics of actin polymerization and force generation during endocytosis in yeast, using a model in which NPFs form a ring around the endocytic site, centered by a spot of molecules attaching the actin network strongly to the membrane. We find that a spontaneous actin filament nucleation mechanism is required for adequate forces to drive the process, that partial inhibition of branching and polymerization lead to different characteristic responses, and that a limited range of polymerization-rate values provide effective invagination and obtain correct predictions for the effects of mutations in the active regions of the NPFs.
Automated Diffusion? Bots and Their Influence During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election

In the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, some candidates used to automated accounts, or bots, to boost their social media presence and followership. Categorizing all automated accounts as “bots” obfuscates the role different types of bots play in the spread of political information in election campaigns. Exploring strategies for automated information diffusion helps scholars understand and model online political behavior. This paper presents an initial effort aimed at understanding the disparate roles of bots in diffusion of political messages on Twitter. Having collected over 300 million tweets from candidates and the public from the U.S. presidential election, we use three OLS regression models to explore the strategic advantages of different types of automated accounts. We approach this by analyzing retweet events, testing a series of hypotheses regarding bots’ influence on the size of retweet events, and the change in candidates’ followers. Next, we develop an estimator to analyze the spread of information across the networks, demonstrating that, while ‘benevolent bots’ serve as overt information aggregators and have an effect on information diffusion, “nefarious bots” act as false amplifiers, covertly mimicking the spread of online information with no effect on diffusion. Making this important distinction allows us to disambiguate the concept of “bots” and reach a more nuanced and detailed understanding of the role of automated accounts in information diffusion in political campaigning online.
A Comparative Case Study of Electric Utility Companies’ Use of Energy Democracy in Strategic Communication

A substantial increase in distributed renewable energy resources is changing the face of the energy environment, leading to strategic communication efforts by key stakeholders. The energy democracy movement supports this transformation from fossil fuels to distributed renewable energy and aims for equitable involvement of publics in energy decision-making. These tenets challenge utility company earnings as they are directly related to energy sales and infrastructure returns on investment (ROI). Proposals by electric utility companies to restructure net metering policies as a solution to financial issues have been criticized as prohibitive to the success of renewable energy advancement. To address these disagreements, the Edison Electric Institute and a communication firm, Maslansky & Partners, created The Future of Energy: A Working Communication Guide for Discussion. This handbook provides utility companies with strategic communication guidelines to portray themselves as supportive of renewables within a dynamic energy industry. We posit that aspects of the energy democracy movement have been employed by electric utility companies, as shown through use of the handbook, as a strategy for communicating with customers in discussions around net metering. We examine two case studies in states with recent controversial net metering policy changes by analyzing utility company websites and press releases for use of the communication handbook terminology. We found that, in both cases, the suggested language was used to position their companies as pro-renewable energy and their utility-scale projects as more equitable for their customers. Additionally, we found differences between each company’s use of key terms from the handbook. We posit this is due to the temporal context of each net metering debate at the time of the handbook release. Conclusions and future directions for research in the growing area of energy democracy are discussed.
The Petroleum Revolution

This chapter focuses on the importance of fossil fuels (coal, gas, and oil) and especially petroleum (meaning natural gas and oil, or sometimes just oil). First we want to ask why petroleum, and especially oil? Why has petroleum been so important, and why is it so hard to unhook ourselves from it? To do that we need to look more broadly for a moment at the energy situation that has faced, and that faces, humanity. Solar energy, either directly or as captured by plants, was and is the principal energy available to run the world or the human economy. It is enormous in quantity but diffuse in quality. As we have developed in the previous chapter, the history of human culture can be viewed as the progressive development of new ways to exploit that solar energy using various conversion technologies, from spear points to fire to agriculture to, now, the concentrated ancient energy of fossil fuels. Until the past few 100 years human activity was greatly limited by the diffuse nature of sunlight and its immediate products, and because that energy was hard to capture and hard to store. Now fossil fuels are cheap and abundant, and they have increased the comfort, longevity, and affluence of most humans, as well as their population numbers [1].
Regression Design for One-Dimensional Subspaces

Consider a regression problem with univariate response y and p × 1 vector of design variables x, and assume that the cumulative distribution function F(y|x) depends on x only through the linear combination θ T × so that F(y|x) = F(y|θ T x) for all x in the design space. When the form of F is unknown, θ is not estimable. However, under certain conditions the subspace S(θ) of R P spanned by θ is estimable. The goal of this paper is to begin investigating how to design an experiment so that standard methods of estimation may yield useful estimates of S(θ) when the family F(y|θ T x) is unknown. This may provide a baseline for assessing the robustness of designs based on an assumed family F, in addition to allowing insight into model robust design.
Examining the structure validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a widely used measurement tool for assessing sleep disturbance and is broadly used in clinical and healthy populations. Yet, validation of the PSQI has rarely been carried out for a relatively large non-clinical sample in the United States. The aim for the current study is to examine the structure validity of the PSQI. Data from 2189 individuals (mean age 35.88) were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Furthermore, measurement invariance across age groups was examined using multigroup CFA. We found that a three-factor model (i.e., sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and sleep quality) fitted better than the commonly used single-factor structure. Specifically, for the three-factor model, the comparative fit index was 0.99, the Tucker–Lewis fit index was 0.99, and the root-mean-square error of approximation was 0.04. Those fit indices further indicated a good fit between the model and the observed data. Measurement invariance results suggested that the factor structure of PSQI is not comparable for different age groups, which has implications for future research studies. Our findings validated the factor structure of the PSQI on non-clinical populations and recommended the use of three separate factors to assess sleep quality. In addition, the findings demonstrated that different models should be used to assess sleep disturbance across age groups. However, further research is required to determine the appropriate cut-off points for different age groups.
Pulse Wave Velocities Derived From Cuff Ambulatory Pulse Wave Analysis.

Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We investigated the relationship of ambulatory brachial cuff-ba...
Ultrasonically powered piezoelectric generators for bio-implantable sensors: Plate versus diaphragm:

This article is a comparative study of the design spaces of two bio-implantable acoustically excited generator architectures: the bulk-mode piezoelectric plate (plate) and the flexure-mode unimorph...
“How fair, how beautiful and great a prince”: Royal Children in the Tudor Chronicles

When considering the Tudor dynasty and how it was depicted in sixteenth and early seventeenth-century chronicles, one the most compelling issues is that of succession. Carole Levin and Andrea Nichols consider the importance of the pregnancies, births of heirs to the throne and other royal children, and the difference in depiction between male and female heirs as is seen in English histories printed during or shortly after the Tudor era. The chapter focuses on the Tudor dynasty, starting with the seven children of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York; continuing with the pregnancies, miscarriages, and childhoods of the heirs born by the first three wives of Henry VIII; and ending with the two phantom pregnancies of Mary Tudor. There is an examination of the narratives of the children in a number of chronicles, including Holinshed’s Chronicles and Foxe’s Acts and Monuments, and works by Edward Hall, John Stow, Richard Grafton, William Martyn, Richard Baker, Polydore Vergil, and Giovanni Biondi. The chapter especially highlights the political, religious, and gender issues that intertwined with the topic of producing a healthy royal heir. Moreover, the chapter illuminates how various authors handled the complicated task of relating such sensitive issues as pregnancy, miscarriage, stillbirth, the death of an heir, and the significance of the gender of a royal child.
Bridging Academic Inventors—TTO Managers Schism: The Lean Canvas for Invention

The aim of this paper is to bridge knowledge asymmetries between academic inventors and professionals of the technology transfer offices (TTO) by developing a tool—Lean Canvas for Invention (LCI). This tool is to educate academic inventors for incorporating the integral pre-commercialization components such as involvement of stakeholders, patent literature and market review in research proposals. This information has the potential to improve quality of invention disclosures to TTO and to increase chances of commercialization. This paper through interviews explores challenges (Cn) of TTO professionals and proposes solutions (Sn). As inventions disclosed, TTO managers initiate a technology transfer process and explore for patentability and market. If such aspects are considered by academic inventors, at the earlier stage of research process, chances of commercialization strengthen. The Cn and Sn are then adopted to develop an educational tool—LCI, to bridge the knowledge schism and improve the quality of invention disclosures. Cn and Sn are clustered with respect to five components and six sub-components, each with respective checklist required for writing a research proposal for invention. Evaluation of LCI by TTO at the University of Utah for “Acceptability”, “Usability” and “Guidance” is given. Feedback from TTO directors, TTO managers and academic inventors helped in development of a pre-commercialization research development tool—LCI. Based on findings and analyses, this paper validates the utility of the LCI as guidance for academic inventors to improve alignment of inventions with the technology transfer process.
Making Workplace Civility Go Viral

Civility promotes engagement and productivity, yet disrespectful behaviors, rudeness, and other workplace incivilities are prevalent. A social recognition platform can facilitate real-time exchange...
The in vivo genetic program of murine primordial lung epithelial progenitors

Multipotent Nkx2-1-positive lung epithelial primordial progenitors of the foregut endoderm are thought to be the developmental precursors to all adult lung epithelial lineages. However, little is known about the global transcriptomic programs or gene networks that regulate these gateway progenitors in vivo. Here we use bulk RNA-sequencing to describe the unique genetic program of in vivo murine lung primordial progenitors and computationally identify signaling pathways, such as Wnt and Tgf-β superfamily pathways, that are involved in their cell-fate determination from pre-specified embryonic foregut. We integrate this information in computational models to generate in vitro engineered lung primordial progenitors from mouse pluripotent stem cells, improving the fidelity of the resulting cells through unbiased, easy-to-interpret similarity scores and modulation of cell culture conditions, including substratum elastic modulus and extracellular matrix composition. The methodology proposed here can have wide applicability to the in vitro derivation of bona fide tissue progenitors of all germ layers.
HEC-C: From Halsted’s Perspective

The HEC-C initiative reflects the clinical ethics community’s attempt to professionalize and codify standards within an interdisciplinary field with indistinct borders. Such quality improvement eff...
Collaboration mitigates barriers of utility ownership on policy adoption: evidence from the United States

Informed by literature on collaboration, policy adoption, and utility governance, this paper develops and empirically tests hypotheses addressing the implications of collaboration, utility ownershi...
IDENTIFICATION OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE BY ABDOMINAL CT; A RESIDENT EDUCATION CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

Rationale and Objectives Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is an excellent imaging tool for subclinical atherosclerosis detection and risk stratification. We hypothesize that although CAC has been underreported in the past on computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen, specialized resident educational intervention can improve on this underreporting. Materials and Methods Beginning July 2009, a dedicated radiology resident cardiac imaging rotation and curriculum was initiated. A retrospective review of the first 500 abdominal CT reports from January 2009, 2011, and 2013 was performed including studies originally interpreted by a resident and primary attending physician interpretations. Each scan was reevaluated for presence or absence of CAC and coronary artery disease (CAD) by a cardiovascular CT expert reader. These data were then correlated to determine if the presence of CAC had been properly reported initially. The results of the three time periods were compared to assess for improved rates of CAC and CAD reporting after initiation of a resident cardiac imaging curriculum. Results Statistically significant improvements in the reporting of CAC and CAD on CT scans of the abdomen occurred after the initiation of formal resident cardiac imaging training which included two rotations (4 weeks each) of dedicated cardiac CT and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging interpretation during the resident's second, third, or fourth radiology training years. The improvement was persistent and increased over time, improving from 1% to 72% after 2 years and to 90% after 4 years. Conclusions This single-center retrospective analysis shows association between implementation of formal cardiac imaging training into radiology resident education and improved CAC detection and CAD reporting on abdominal CT scans.
Josephson Junctions and Cosmic Microwave Background

The implementation of utilizing superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) readout for constant voltage biased transition edge sensors (TES) has enabled the detection of the infinitesimal fluctuation in cosmic microwave background (CMB). The properties of the fluctuations will provide us the information of the universe at the time that this light was first emitted. In short, by measuring the CMB today, we learn about the distant, ancient universe—how the universe began, what it is made of, and how it evolved to its current state. Over the past 20 years, we have achieved many successful CMB measurements with Josephson junctions. Brian, I offer my congratulations on your eight decades of life—Happy 80th birthday!
Differences in gynecologic tumor development in Amhr2-Cre mice with KRAS G12D or KRAS G12V mutations

How different KRAS variants impact tumor initiation and progression in vivo has not been thoroughly examined. We hypothesize that the ability of either KRASG12D or KRASG12V mutations to initiate tumor formation is context dependent. Amhr2-Cre mice express Cre recombinase in tissues that develop into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries. We used these mice to conditionally express either the KRASG12V/+ or KRASG12D/+ mutation. Mice with the genotype Amhr2-Cre Pten(fl/fl) KrasG12D/+(G12D mice) had abnormal follicle structures and developed low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas with 100% penetrance within 18 weeks. In contrast, mice with the genotype Amhr2-Cre Pten(fl/fl) KrasG12V/+ (G12V mice) had normal follicle structures, and about 90% of them developed uterine tumors with diverse histological features resembling those of leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Granulosa cell tumors also developed in G12V mice. Differences in cell-signaling pathways in the uterine tissues of G12D and G12V mice were identified using RNA sequencing and reverse-phase protein array analyses. We found that CTNNB1, IL1A, IL1B, TNF, TGFB1, APP, and IL6 had the higher activity in G12V mice than in G12D mice. These mouse models will be useful for studying the differences in signaling pathways driven by KrasG12V/+ or KrasG12D/+ mutations to aid development of targeted therapies for specific KRAS mutant variants. Our leiomyoma model driven by the KrasG12V/+ mutation will also be useful in deciphering the malignant progression from leiomyoma to leiomyosarcoma.
Políticas de identidad y gestión sexual de los cuerpos: un análisis de los discursos legislativos acerca de la gestión estatal del conflicto trans en Chile

In recent years on Chile, we have seen an increase in public politics related to gender identity, in the attempt to provide solutions to the problem that it means for trans identities to develop in a social and political-administrative structure that excludes them. In this context, this paper proposes a problematization of the legislative discourses about the state management of the trans conflict, in order to analyze what have been the new modalities of the integration of sexually dissident identities, how they have been configured, and what implications they have for the Chilean socio-political scene. This research is based on the approaches of legal sociology, feminist and governmentality theory. The methodology used was a documentary research and the critical discourse analysis, of all documents officially issued by the executive and the legislative branch of Chile between 2007 and 2017. The main results of this research point to biomedical science as the epistemological paradigm from which legislative discourses are based. On the other hand, an ideological matrix is identified based on a linear causal relationship, between sex-genderbody, as an axiom of the hegemonic conception concerning the trans problematic. In that sense, we have evidenced how government strategies have delimited those sexual identities that put binary taxonomy in tension, under the frameworks of the intelligibility same conceptual matrix that excludes them, and with this, they have configured new modalities of standardization. This is key for the reconfiguration of an exclusionary citizenship, insofar as the socio-sexual norms that define the emerging notions of the figure of the citizen are institutionalized, evidencing that is framed in the borders of non-being to all corporality that does not manifest under the margins of intelligibility imposed by the scientific-colonial logic and the political-administrative structure.
Cruciferous vegetable consumption and pancreatic cancer: A case-control study.

Abstract Background Pancreatic cancer is a deadly malignancy with limited screening and few modifiable risk factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between a modifiable lifestyle behavior, cruciferous vegetable consumption, and pancreatic cancer, both overall and by subgroups based on non-modifiable, established risk factors. Methods We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study utilizing data from the Patient Epidemiology Data System (1982–1998) at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Buffalo, NY) which included 183 pancreatic cancer patients and 732 cancer-free controls. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including a 52-item food frequency questionnaire and other epidemiologic data. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, smoking status, total meat, and family history of pancreatic cancer, was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between cruciferous vegetable consumption and pancreatic cancer. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, smoking status, and BMI. Results We observed inverse associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and pancreatic cancer, with a significant 40% lower odds of pancreatic cancer among subjects consuming >1.5 servings per week (SPW) of raw cruciferous vegetables compared to those consuming less than 0.5 SPW (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39−0.93). Each additional SPW of total, raw, and cooked cruciferous vegetables was associated with a significant 7–15% lower odds of pancreatic cancer, with the strongest association seen in raw cruciferous vegetables (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75−0.95). We observed inverse associations between raw cruciferous vegetable intake and pancreatic cancer among people who were overweight, former smokers, and males, ranging from 50% to 59% lower odds. Conclusion Consuming cruciferous vegetables, especially raw cruciferous vegetables, is a modifiable lifestyle behavior which may be inversely associated with pancreatic cancer, including among subgroups with other non- or not easily modifiable risk factors for this deadly malignancy.
Acquisition of World War II Captured Maps: A Case Study

At the end of World War II, United States Army officers located large troves of maps in Germany and Japan. These materials were shipped back to the United States and deposited with the Army Map Ser...
Safe and Resilient Practical Waypoint-Following for Autonomous Vehicles

We combine theorem proving and reachability analysis for cyber-physical systems verification to arrive at a practical approach to safe waypoint-following for an autonomous mobile vehicle controlled by a learning-enabled controller. We propose a robust monitor verifying short-term and long-term safety simultaneously at runtime, thereby combining the benefits of both theorem proving and reachability analysis. The proposed novel monitor architecture allows temporary violation of long-term safety while maintaining short-term safety to recover to a state with long-term safety. The recovery is based on a fallback model predictive controller. The experiments conducted in a high-fidelity racing car simulator demonstrate that our framework is safe and resilient in path tracking scenarios, in which avoiding collision with the race track boundary and obstacles is required.
A Bivariate Control Chart for Paired Measurements

A signal from a multivariate control chart may be difficult to explain. One of the techniques used to facilitate this action is to chart the principal components, but if the components are not easily interpreted the problem remains. This paper expands u..
Translation in a Postcolonial Context: Early Irish Literature in English Translation

This ground-breaking analysis of the cultural trajectory of England's first colony constitutes a major contribution to postcolonial studies, offering a template relevant to most cultures emerging from colonialism. At the same time, these Irish case studies become the means of interrogating contemporary theories of translation. Moving authoritatively between literary theory and linguistics, philosophy and cultural studies, anthropology and systems theory, the author provides a model for a much needed integrated approach to translation theory and practice. In the process, the work of a number of important literary translators is scrutinized, including such eminent and disparate figures as Standishn O'Grady, Augusta Gregory and Thomas Kinsella. The interdependence of the Irish translation movement and the work of the great 20th century writers of Ireland - including Yeats and Joyce - becomes clear, expressed for example in the symbiotic relationship that marks their approach to Irish formalism. Translation in a Postcolonial Context is essential reading for anyone interested in translation theory and practice, postcolonial studies, and Irish literature during the 19th and 20th centuries.
On the Structure of Correlation Functions in the Normal Matrix Model

We study the structure of the normal matrix model (NMM). We show that all correlation functions of the model with an axially symmetric potential can be expressed in terms of a single holomorphic function of one variable. This observation is used to demonstrate the exact solvability of the model. The two-point correlation function is calculated in the continuum limit. The answer is proven to be universal, i.e. potential independent up to a change of the scale. In connection with NMM with a general polynomial potential we have developed a two-dimensional free fermion formalism and constructed a family of completely integrable hierarchies of non-linear differential equations, which we call the extended-KP(N) hierarchies. The well-known KP hierarchy is a lower-dimensional reduction of this family. The extended-KP(1) hierarchy contains the (2+1)-dimensional Burgers equations. The partition function of the (N×N) NMM is the τ function of the extended-KP(N) hierarchy which is invariant with respect to a subalgebra of an algebra of all infinitesimal diffeomorphisms of the plane.