cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An intracellular study of synaptic transmission and dendritic morphology in sympathetic neurons of the chick embryo.

Abstract The characteristics of synaptic transmission in whole embryonic avian sympathetic ganglia have been examined by intracellular recording. Neurons in lumbar paravertebral ganglia of chick embryos exhibit both fast nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and non-cholinergic slow EPSPs. Fast nicotinic transmission is mediated by at least 3–5 convergent preganglionic inputs and can be detected at the earliest embryonic stage examined (Stage 38; 12 days of incubation). Two types of non-cholinergic slow EPSPs have been observed and distinguished by their time course and the resulting changes in input resistance. One of these slow synaptic potentials is mimicked by exogenously applied substance P, but not by exogenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Muscarinic agonists also evoke slow depolarizations in the ganglia, mediated at least in part by inhibition of the M-current. Intracellular labeling with horseradish peroxidase reveals cells with 5–10 primary dendrites at Stage 42 (16 days of incubation), the earliest stage to exhibit slow EPSPs. The active and passive membrane properties of avian sympathetic neurons, including the presence of the M-current, generally resemble those of adult mammalian and amphibian sympathetic neurons. Functional activity in chick sympathetic neurons is present at a developmental stage where both biochemical and morphological indices of synapse maturation are at low levels. Since this progression has also been observed in the avian ciliary ganglion, it may be of general relevance to neuronal development.
Global Ground Motion Prediction Equation for Shallow Crustal Regions

The Graizer-Kalkan ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) for peak ground acceleration (PGA) constitutes a series of filters, each of which represents a certain physical phenomenon affecting the ...
Oral ulceration in HIV infection: Investigation and pathogenesis

Oral ulcerations associated with HIV infection include recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU). Whereas RAU prevalence is not increased, lesion severity is: among a group of HIV+ patients, 66% had the more severe herpetiform or major RAU. This increased severity suggests that HIV disease-related changes in the immune system may exacerbate RAU. In the peripheral blood of healthy subjects with RAU, CD4:CD8 cell ratios may be reversed and the proportion of T cell receptor-gamma delta + cells increased. HIV disease-related immune system changes are characterized by reversed CD4:CD8, lowered CD4 cell counts and an inverse correlation between CD4 cell counts and per cent activated gamma delta lymphocytes. Adhesion molecules and cytokines involved in lymphocyte homing may be important in RAU pathogenesis: ICAM-I and ELAM are strongly expressed, and TNF alpha production is increased in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy patients with RAU. In patients with active HIV disease/AIDS, serum TNF alpha levels are increased. Thalidomide, which inhibits TNF alpha production, is effective treatment for RAU. Some RAU patients have vitamin B12 or folate deficiencies, levels of which are commonly low in HIV+/AIDS patients. However, in a case control study of HIV+ patients, vitamin B12- or folate-deficiencies were not found to be significant risk factors for RAU.
Electric discharge synthesis of HCN in simulated Jovian Atmospheres

Corona discharge is presently considered as a possible source of the HCN detected in the Jovian atmosphere at 2.2 x 10 to the -7th moles/sq cm column density, for the cases of gas mixtures containing H2, CH4, and NH3, with H2/CH4 ratios from 4.4 to 1585. A 3:1 ratio of corona discharge to lightning energy similar to that of the earth is applied to Jupiter. Depending on the lightning energy available on Jupiter and the eddy diffusion coefficients in the synthesis region, HCN column densities generated by corona discharge could account for about 10 percent of the HCN observed.
Social aspects of genetic screening for Tay-Sachs disease: the pilot community screening program in Baltimore and Washington.

(1975). Social aspects of genetic screening for Tay‐Sachs disease: The pilot community screening program in Baltimore and Washington. Social Biology: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 125-133.
Voices From the Street: Exploring the Realities of Family Homelessness

Homelessness threatens the health and well-being of thousands of families in the United States, yet little is known about their specific needs and how current services address them. To fill this knowledge gap, we explored the experiences of homelessness families in Detroit, Michigan. We targeted homeless mothers and their caseworkers for study to see if the perceptions of needs and services were in alignment. Using focus groups and content analysis, we identified four overarching themes that illustrate homeless mothers' experience with homelessness. We then analyzed data from caseworkers to look specifically for similarities and differences in their perceptions. Key findings included reports of family histories of violence, poverty, social isolation, and a lack of informal support as contributing to homelessness. The differing perspectives of mothers and their caseworkers regarding how best to move forward highlight how current programs and services may not be meeting the needs of this growing and vulnerable cohort.
Direct manipulation interfaces

Direct manipulation has been lauded as a good form of interface design, and some interfaces that have this property have been well received by users. In this article we seek a cognitive account of both the advantages and disadvantages of direct manipulation interfaces. We identify two underlying phenomena that give rise to the feeling of directness. One deals with the information processing distance between the user's intentions and the facilities provided by the machine. Reduction of this distance makes the interface feel direct by reducing the effort required of the user to accomplish goals. The second phenomenon concerns the relation between the input and output vocabularies of the interface language. In particular, direct manipulation requires that the system provide representations of objects that behave as if they are the objects themselves. This provides the feeling of directness of manipulation.
Gradient sensing in defined chemotactic fields

Cells respond to a variety of secreted molecules by modifying their physiology, growth patterns, and behavior. Motile bacteria and eukaryotic cells can sense extracellular chemoattractants and chemorepellents and alter their movement. In this way fibroblasts and leukocytes can find their way to sites of injury and cancer cells can home in on sites that are releasing growth factors. Social amoebae such as Dictyostelium are chemotactic to cAMP which they secrete several hours after they have initiated development. These eukaryotic cells are known to be able to sense extremely shallow gradients but the processes underlying their exquisite sensitivity are still largely unknown. In this study we determine the responses of developed cells of Dictyostelium discoideum to stable linear gradients of cAMP of varying steepness generated in 2 μm deep gradient chambers of microfluidic devices. The gradients are generated by molecular diffusion between two 80 μm deep flow-through channels, one of which is perfused with a solution of cAMP and the other with buffer, serving as continuously replenished source and sink. These low ceiling gradient chambers constrained the cells in the vertical dimension, facilitating confocal imaging, such that subcellular localization of fluorescently tagged proteins could be followed for up to 30 min without noticeable phototoxicity. Chemotactic cells enter these low ceiling chambers by flattening and elongating and then move almost as rapidly as unconstrained cells. By following the localization of activated Ras (RasGTP) using a Ras Binding Domain fused to Green Fluorescent Protein (RBD-GFP), we observed the rapid appearance of membrane associated patches at the tips of pseudopods. These patches remained associated with pseudopods while they continued to extend but were rapidly disassembled when pseudopods stalled and the cell moved past them. Likewise, fluorescence associated with localized RasGTP rapidly disappeared when the gradient was turned off. Correlation of the size and persistence of RasGTP patches with extension of pseudopods may set the rules for understanding how the signal transduction mechanisms convert a weak external signal to a strong directional bias.
The City as a Local Political Economy

The contemporary city is widely regarded as being politically and economically weak and relatively powerless. This may well be the case but it need not be. The city has lost its function in meeting the economic and spiritual needs of its people. In consequence, while it has legal citizens, it lacks real committed citizens. On the existence of such committed citizens the city'sfuture depends. Turning the city into a cooperative for the economic and spiritual full employment of its people would provide a basis for a revival and a recovery of function.
Anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer without bone graft

We followed 30 patients for more than 2 years after anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer for persistent patellofemoral pain associated with patellar articular degeneration. Twelve of these patients were followed more than 5 years. We report 93% good and excellent results subjectively and 89% good and excellent results objectively. The quality of improvement was sustained in all 12 of the patients who were evaluated again after more than 5 years from surgery. When examined separately, 75% of those patients with advanced patellar arthrosis achieved a good result; none of these patients achieved an excellent result. Postoperative continuous passive motion has markedly reduced the incidence of stiffness. Serious complications such as compartment syndrome, infection, and skin slough were avoided completely in 51 consecutive cases. Patellofemoral contact pressure studies in five cadaver knees have shown that anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer can provide substantial reduction of patellofemoral contact stress while helping to balance medial and lateral facet pressures. This surgical procedure is mechanically and clinically successful for alleviating intractable pain related to patellar malalignment and articular degeneration. This procedure enables the majority of appropriately selected patients with malalignment and patellar articular degeneration to resume increased levels of activity with substantially diminished pain.
Curcumin Reduces Trabecular and Cortical Bone in Naïve and Lewis Lung Carcinoma-bearing Mice

The present study investigated the effects of curcumin on bone microstructure in non-tumor-bearing and Lewis lung carcinoma-(LLC)-bearing female C57BL/6 mice. Morphometric analysis showed that dietary supplementation with curcumin (2% or 4%) significantly reduced the bone volume to total volume ratio, connectivity density and trabecular number, and significantly increased the structure model index (an indicator of the plate- and rod-like geometry of trabecular structure) and trabecular separation in vertebral bodies compared to controls in both non-tumor-bearing and LLC-bearing mice. Similar changes in trabecular bone were observed in the femoral bone in curcumin-fed mice. Curcumin significantly reduced the cortical bone area to total area ratio and cortical thickness in femoral mid-shaft, but not in vertebral bodies, in both non-tumor-bearing and LLC-bearing mice. Curcumin feeding reduced plasma concentrations of osteocalcin and increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphate 5b in mice regardless of the presence of LLC, indicating that curcumin disrupts the balance of bone remodeling. Our results demonstrated that curcumin reduced the trabecular bone volume and cortical bone density. The skeleton is a favored site of metastasis for many types of cancers, and curcumin has been investigated in clinical trials in patients with cancer for its chemopreventive effects. Our results suggest the possibility of a combined effect of cancer-induced osteolysis and curcumin-stimulated bone loss in patients using curcumin. The assessment of bone structural changes should be considered for those who participate in curcumin clinical trials to determine its effects on skeleton health, particularly for those with advanced malignancies.
The Effects of Airline Adaptive Route Selection in NAS-wide Performance

NAS-wide simulations are used to evaluate concepts of operations, technologies, and their cost/benefits. When modeling stakeholder behavior, users of state-of-the-art NAS-wide simulators must encode decision-making in fixed sets of rules before executing the simulations. Adaptability in stakeholder behavior is a gap that needs to be filled to accommodate progressively realistic modeling of NAS. This paper introduces adaptable behavior for airlines into a NAS-wide simulation tool. Adaptability is achieved by the application of Reinforcement Learning and the concept of domination to compare performance of multivalued functions. The paper studies the effects on the NAS of adaptable route selection behavior of airlines in the presence of local and system-wide historic performance information. The results show the effectiveness of adaptive route selection in improving NAS-wide performance even when all agents use it simultaneously. It is also effective when the airlines have only information about their own past and current performance and do not have access to system-wide information. This effectiveness results in benefits for multiple stakeholders. The implications of these results are discussed.
Construction of a US Fibromyalgia Registry Using the Fibromyalgia Research Survey Criteria

Utilizing billing records, we identified patients seen at Mayo Clinic with a diagnosis or history of fibromyalgia who were then contacted for enrollment in a fibromyalgia research registry. Fibromyalgia was confirmed through medical record review. Eligible patients were mailed an invitation that included a demographic questionnaire and the Fibromyalgia Research Survey. The Fibromyalgia Research Survey yields a widespread pain score (scale range 0-19) and a symptom severity score (scale range 0-12). A total of 4,034 patients returned the completed survey; 92.8% were female, their mean age was 57.4 (±13.4), and 83.7% were from the Midwest region of the United States. The mean widespread pain score for all participants was 11.3 (±4.5) and the mean symptom severity score was 8.2 (±2.4), indicating moderate-to-severe fibromyalgia symptoms, which is not unusual for patients presenting to a tertiary care center. Using a systematic process, we describe the creation of a fibromyalgia registry for future research.
Variations in cyclin D1 levels through the cell cycle determine the proliferative fate of a cell

We present evidence that variations in cyclin D1 levels through the cell cycle are essential for continuing proliferation. Cyclin D1 levels must be high during G1 phase for a cell to initiate DNA synthesis, but then must be suppressed to low levels during S phase to allow for efficient DNA synthesis. This suppression during S phase is apparently regulated by cell cycle position alone and occurs automatically during each cell cycle. If the cell is to continue proliferating, cyclin D1 levels must be induced once again during G2 phase. This induction depends upon the activity of proliferative signaling molecules, and ensures that the extracellular environment continues to be conducive for growth. We propose that the suppression of cyclin D1 levels during each S phase ensures that the subsequent induction during G2 phase, and the resulting commitment to continuing proliferation, is closely linked to the cellular growth environment.
Modeling moisture fluxes using artificial neural networks: can information extraction overcome data loss?

Abstract. Eddy covariance sites can experience data losses as high as 30 to 45% on an annual basis. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been identified as powerful tools for gap filling, but their performance depends on the representativeness of data used to train the model. In this paper, we develop a normalization method, which has similar performance compared to conventional training approaches, but exhibits differences in the timing of fluxes, indicating different and previously unused information in the data record. Specifically, the differences between half-hourly model fluxes, especially during summer months, indicate that the structure of the information content in the data changes seasonally, diurnally and with the rate of data loss. Extracting more information from data may not improve model performance and indicates the need for improved data and models to address flux behavior at critical times. We advise several approaches to address these concerns, including use of separate models for day and nighttime processes and the use of alternate data streams at dawn, when eddy covariance may be particularly ineffective due to the timing of the onset of turbulent mixing.
Role of splanchnic constriction in governing the hemodynamic responses to gravitational stress in conscious dogs.

Octreotide is a somatostatin analog that constricts the splanchnic circulation, thereby improving orthostatic tolerance. We tested the hypotheses that octreotide improves orthostatic tolerance by 1...
Housing Demolition during Urban Renewal

While there continues to be much assessment of the enduring, largely negative legacy of urban renewal, there has been very little quantified, nationwide analysis at the neighborhood level. This pap...
Stress and Cognitive Performance in Trainee Pilots

The study reported here is part of a continuing program of research into pilot decision-making based on an information processing model of human decision-making under task-related stress. This model posits, inter alia, that experts and novices in a knowledge domain adopt different cognitive strategies in solving decision problems, and that these strategies are differentially affected by stress. The present experiment examined the effect of task-related stress upon aviation-relevant cognitive skills in trainee instrument pilots using SPARTANS, an automated test battery. The battery was administered under stress and control conditions, providing data on the effects of the stress manipulation upon putative cognitive components of decision-making independent of the criterion task - simulated flight using the MIDIS microcomputer system. The results provide evidence of stress related decrements in working memory, flexibility of closure, and spatial processes, but not in the retrieval of declarative knowledge. T...
Smoking and Smoking Increase in Caregivers of Alzheimer’s Patients

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The relationship between stress and smoking has been established, but there is little research on the effects of stress and coping on smoking in caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. This study examines how caregiver stressors and coping resources explain smoking status and recent smoking increase. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregivers Health (REACH II) study. Analyses identified differences between caregiver smokers and nonsmokers and between caregiver smokers who reported a recent smoking increase and those who did not. Variables that were significantly different between the groups were examined in two logistic regression analyses to explain smoking status and smoking increase. RESULTS Of 642 caregivers, nearly 40% reported smoking and 25% of smokers reported recent increase in smoking. Younger caregivers were more likely to report smoking. Explanatory variables for smoking increase were being Caucasian or African-American, higher depression scores, and less caregiving skills. IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrates that smoking among caregivers is a valid public health concern. Further investigation of ways that explanatory variables affect smoking status and increase in caregivers, and incorporation of smoking cessation strategies that address depression and low caregiving skills, seem warranted in future caregiver interventions.
EFFECTS OF HABITAT MANAGEMENT TREATMENTS ON PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND BIOMASS IN A MONTANE WETLAND

Grazing and burning are commonly applied practices that can impact the diversity and biomass of wetland plant communities. We evaluated the vegetative response of wetlands and adjacent upland grasslands to four treatment regimes (continuous idle, fall prescribed burning followed by idle, annual fall cattle grazing, and rotation of summer grazing and idle) commonly used by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Our study area was Grays Lake, a large, montane wetland in southeastern Idaho that is bordered by extensive wet meadows. We identified seven plant cover types, representing the transition from dry meadow to deep wetland habitats: mixed deep marsh, spikerush slough, Baltic rush (Juncus balticus), moist meadow, alkali, mesic meadow, and dry meadow. We compared changes in community composition and total aboveground biomass of each plant cover type between 1998, when all units had been idled for three years, and 1999 (1 yr post-treatment) and 2000 (2 yr post-treatment). Analysis using non-metric multidimensional scaling indicated that compositional changes varied among cover types, treatments, and years following treatment. Treatment-related changes in community composition were greatest in mixed deep marsh, Baltic rush, and mesic meadow. In mixed deep marsh and Baltic rush, grazing and associated trampling contributed to changes in the plant community toward more open water and aquatic species and lower dominance of Baltic rush; grazing and trampling also seemed to contribute to increased cover in mesic meadow. Changing hydrological conditions, from multiple years of high water to increasing drought, was an important factor influencing community composition and may have interacted with management treatments. Biomass differed among treatments and between years within cover types. In the wettest cover types, fall burning and grazing rotation treatments had greater negative impact on biomass than the idle treatment, but in drier cover types, summer grazing stimulated biomass production. Our results illustrate the spatial and temporal complexity of the transition between dry meadow and wetland habitats, and variable interactions among plant communities, treatments, and annual wetland conditions.
Understanding Alcohol Abuse Among College Students: Contributing Factors And Strategies For Intervention

Alcohol abuse among college students has become a major public health concern. Individual, environmental, and demographic factors have each been associated with alcohol abuse in that population. In response to the enormous physical, emotional, and legal consequences that occur as a result of the abuse, colleges and universities are developing strategies for prevention and intervention.
A Crossing-Sensitive Third-Order Factorization for Dependency Parsing

Parsers that parametrize over wider scopes are generally more accurate than edge-factored models. For graph-based non-projective parsers, wider factorizations have so far implied large increases in the computational complexity of the parsing problem. This paper introduces a “crossing-sensitive” generalization of a third-order factorization that trades off complexity in the model structure (i.e., scoring with features over multiple edges) with complexity in the output structure (i.e., producing crossing edges). Under this model, the optimal 1-Endpoint-Crossing tree can be found in O ( n^ 4 ) time, matching the asymptotic run-time of both the third-order projective parser and the edge-factored 1-Endpoint-Crossing parser. The crossing-sensitive third-order parser is significantly more accurate than the third-order projective parser under many experimental settings and significantly less accurate on none.
The impact of the Second World War on US productivity growth1

This paper considers the productivity impact on the US economy of the period of war mobilization and demobilization lasting from 1941 to 1948. Optimists have pointed to learning by doing in military production and spin-offs from military R & D as the basis for asserting a substantial positive effect of military conflict on potential output. Productivity data for the private non-farm economy are not consistent with this view, as they show slower total factor productivity (TFP) growth between 1941 and 1948 than before or after. The paper argues for adopting a less rosy perspective on the supply side effects of the war.
A Guide to the Publications of the Kentucky Legislative Research Commission

The Kentucky Legislative Research Commission is the research body of the Kentucky state legislature. One of its functions is to publish reports for both the legislature and the public that illuminate the background of issues before the legislature as well as the workings of various Kentucky political bodies. This article gives librarians and other interested researchers a list of the Commission's more important publications as well as information relating to their accessibility.
Differences in membrane proteins, cyclic AMP levels, and glucose transport between batch and chemostat cultures ofEscherichia coli

Escherichia coli bacteria were grown in minimal-salt medium with glucose as carbon source under either batch or chemostat culture conditions. The physiological state of chemostatgrown bacteria is significantly different from those grown in batch cultures. Differences were measured in outer membrane protein composition,Km for glucose uptake, and intracellular cyclic AMP levels. Since chemostat growth conditions more closely resemble conditions bacteria encounter in nature, these physiological differences may be significant for bacterial adaptation and survival.
Chloroaluminate-Doped Conducting Polymers as Positive Electrodes in Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries

Demonstrated here is the use of conducting polymers as active materials in the positive electrodes of rechargeable aluminum-based batteries operating at room temperature. The battery chemistry is based on chloroaluminate ionic liquid electrolytes, which allow reversible stripping and plating of aluminum metal at the negative electrode. Characterization of electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole films revealed doping of the polymers with chloroaluminate anions. Cycling of the conducting polymer electrodes occurred via the electrochemical insertion and removal of these anions. Stable galvanostatic cycling of polypyrrole and polythiophene cells was demonstrated, with electrode capacities at near-theoretical levels (30–100 mAh g–1) and Coulombic efficiencies approaching 100%. The energy density of a sealed sandwich-type cell with polythiophene at the positive electrode was estimated to be 44 Wh kg–1 relative to the total mass of active components. This energy density is competitive with state-of-the-art bat...
Music Educators’ Self-Perceptions of Interpersonal Skills: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this exploratory study was to measure music educators’ (N = 9) self-perceptions of their use of interpersonal skills. Participants rated themselves on 32 statements included on the “...
Experimental study on the effects of wing sweep on Gurney flap performance

Abstract The effect of wing sweep on the aerodynamic characteristics of Gurney flaps is examined. Wind tunnel models incorporating un-tapered 2.1 aspect ratio wings with sweeps of 0, 45 and 60 deg were designed and manufactured. Flap heights of 1% and 3% of the chord were evaluated. Testing was undertaken at Reynold's numbers of 100,000 and 150,000. The overarching result was that sweep attenuates the lift modulating ability of the flap, resulting from the effects of spanwise flow and reduced base suction behind the flap. Aerodynamic parameters were found to show a strong dependence on the cosine of the leading edge sweep angle as well as the square root of the flap height.
Microwave Application and Anhydrous Cu(OAc)2 Mediated O-Arylation of Aliphatic Amino Alcohols.

Anhydrous Cu(OAc)2 mediated efficient protocol has been developed in the area of C-O coupling from potassium aryltrifluoroborates and aliphatic amino alcohols such as β-hydroxy, γ-hydroxy, and δ-hydroxy amines. The scope of this transformation focuses on direct O-arylation and O-styrylation. The reaction vial loaded with reactants under argon atmosphere is microwaved at 140°C for 30 min to furnish the corresponding cross-coupling product, amino ethers, in good yields.
Real executives make career moves. Will you

Not all physician executives have accepted the career move as a key part of executive life. They prefer to stay put and they often do just that. While clinicians may have the luxury of choosing a single geographic location and remaining there through retirement, physician executives often have to reorder their priorities to give the position greatest significance in career decision-making. Spouses and families need to be educated to the new reality of executive life--sometimes, to support an important career opportunity, a move is required. Physician executives unwilling to make career moves limit their career potential.
The Islamic State and the Return of Revolutionary Warfare

AbstractThe rise of the Islamic State (ISIS/ISIL) is not well understood at this point. This paper starts by comparing the Islamic State to the Vietnamese communists in a revolutionary warfare framework and makes a causal argument that the Islamic State’s defeat of the Sahwa (Awakening) movement in Iraq was the key to its successful establishment of control of most Sunni areas and the mobilization of its population for support. Islamic State operational summaries and captured documents are used to quantitatively establish the impact of the subversion campaign against the Sahwa and Iraqi government and trace the efforts of operatives in tribal outreach and recruiting. This research provides a valuable insight into the return of a powerful method of insurgency as well as a glimpse into the vast clandestine network that provides the strength of the Islamic State movement.
ROOM TEMPERATURE cw OPERATION of a Ti:Al2O3 LASER*

In this paper we report the first room-temperature cw operation of a Ti:Al2O3 laser. Moulton1 has previously reported cw operation at liquid nitrogen temperature, but at room temperature he obtained only quasi-cw operation by chopping the pump beam at a 16% duty cycle. Using an Ar-ion laser operating in all the blue-green lines as the pump source, maximum power of 1.6 W has been obtained at 770 nm, near the peak of the gain profile, and continuously tunable cw operation Ti:Al2O3 has been achieved from 693 to 948 nm.
Hypnosis and Pain Relief for Older Persons

There is a bit of irony in the fact that a technique like hypnosis, which is so dependent on the exercise of “imagination,” has so many fantasies attached to its use. These fictions apply both to patients and to practitioners and range from the fanciful to the fearful. By the time that most people reach their senior years, there have been a number of opportunities to witness animated figures with force fields emanating from their eyes issuing commands to somnambulistic respondents. They may also have seen a stage hypnotist invite an embarrassed subject (often a paid accomplice posing as a volunteer) to feel unable to leave the stage to use the bathroom, despite a powerful urge to do so. The more erudite might even have heard the story of Freud’s abandonment of hypnosis when a patient allegedly rose from the couch to amorously embrace him. Most patients with chronic pain have doubtless been told that their distress is “all in their head.” On the other side, there are alternative medicine enthusiasts who guarantee magical cures from any “mind-body” technique and promise that hypnosis will heal whatever ails a person. If we add to this the popular, though unsubstantiated, idea among clinicians that older persons are not particularly susceptible to hypnosis, it is not surprising that this valuable technique is underemployed in the treatment of pain.
Relectures et traductions du Hamlet de Shakespeare par Yves Bonnefoy : de la ré-énonciation à la création

Toute traduction litteraire commence par la lecture, etape premiere de l’interpretation qui est deja eminemment subjective. La traduction ne saurait pretendre a l’objectivite pas plus qu’a la transparence du traducteur, et ce plus encore dans le cas de la traduction de la poesie, ou sens et forme sont inseparables. La voix du traducteur, expression meme de sa subjectivite, sera necessairement audible dans la traduction, qui est re-enonciation. C’est ce que nous demontrerons ici a travers les cinq traductions du Hamlet de Shakespeare par Yves Bonnefoy, qui illustre comment, passant de la re-enonciation a la creation, il a su faire resonner sa propre voix de poete traducteur. Des notions theoriques empruntees a Barbara Folkart nous aideront a mettre en lumiere le fait que la traduction de la poesie ne peut etre que subjective, creation d’un poeme nouveau dans une autre langue, et finalement activite d’ecriture.
Lifetime traumas and their influence on advanced cancer patients’ illness understanding and likelihood of end-of-life discussions.

9146 Background: Research on posttraumatic stress in cancer patients has focused on patient reactions to their cancer diagnosis. Few studies have examined the impact of lifetime traumatic events prior to diagnosis on how advanced cancer patients understand the life-threatening nature of their illness and how likely they are to discuss their end-of-life (EOL) wishes with their oncology providers. Methods: The Coping with Cancer (CwC) is an NCI-funded prospective, multi-institutional cohort study of advanced cancer patients and their caregivers. Participants were recruited from September 2002 to February 2008 from six comprehensive cancer centers across the United States. Lifetime traumas were captured by the number of events reported in response to the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV (SCID) Lifetime Posttraumatic Stress Disorder question that probed for “extremely upsetting” life events. Associations between patient characteristics and number of lifetime traumas were estimated as odds ratios u...
Stochastic Logic Implementations of Polynomials With All Positive Coefficients by Expansion Methods

This brief addresses computing polynomials with all positive coefficients whose sum is less than or equal to one using unipolar stochastic logic. The contributions of this brief are twofold. First, we present novel approaches to expanding polynomials that can be implemented using multiplexers in unipolar stochastic logic. These expansions are based on ascending-order, and Horner’s rule based on descending-order. It is shown that the Horner’s rule expansion is equivalent to OR–AND expansion. We also present another new expansion, referred as AND–OR. These expansions have not been presented in any prior work. Second, we also show that the proposed AND–OR expansion is logically equivalent to the prior double-NAND expansion. Furthermore, we show that the OR–AND circuits can be transformed into equivalent double-NOR circuits.
Designing Public Participation: Managing Problem Settings and Social Equity

Researchers suggest that inequity and disparities in public participation in the policy-making process will go hand in hand unless public managers and community leaders are attentive to these concerns when they are designing participation opportunities. Previous research has considered how the design of participatory opportunities can address inequity, but it has provided few insights into what is behind design choices. This article provides a theoretical framework that links public managers' and community leaders' perspectives on their own political efficacy and sources of their efficacy, yielding four types of “designers.” The research hypothesizes that these types have different narratives of social equity in participation that affect their design choices. Data from more than 100 public managers and community leaders provide preliminary support for these relationships. Findings suggest that inequitable public participation will persist unless designers consider what is behind their choices, focusing first on understanding the problem setting, or their narrative of equity in public participation.
Aircraft Morphing—An Industry Vision

Abstract Taking inspiration from birds, the dream of every aeronautical engineer is to design the best possible wing, able to smoothly run in all operating flight conditions. Today the consolidation of different technologies helps to overcome some factual difficulties, that until a few years ago seemed insurmountable, in the manufacturing of wings, giving greater impetus and credit to the “morphing discipline.” The challenge of morphing in the future will mainly be to convince industry that this kind of technology can bring real advantages in terms of enhanced aerodynamic performance, lower installation impact respect to traditional control surface systems, reduced weight, and equivalent safety level. A winning strategy to attract interest from industry and research results, is of course, to correctly assess safety, considering CS/FAA regulations.
Politics beyond Black and White: Biracial Identity and Attitudes in America

The US is transforming into a multiracial society: today one-in-six new marriages are interracial and the multiple-race population is the fastest-growing youth group in the country. In Politics Beyond Black and White, Lauren D. Davenport examines the ascendance of multiracial identities and their implications for American society and the political landscape. Amassing unprecedented evidence, this book systematically investigates how race is constructed and how it influences political behavior. Professor Davenport shows that biracials' identities are the product of family, interpersonal interactions, environment, and, most compellingly, gender stereotypes and social class. These identities, in turn, shape attitudes across a range of political issues, from affirmative action to same-sex marriage, and multiracial identifiers are shown to be culturally and politically progressive. But the book also reveals lingering prejudices against race-mixing, and that intermarriage and identification are highly correlated with economic prosperity. Overall findings suggest that multiracialism is poised to dismantle some racial boundaries, while reinforcing others.
Size matters: conserved proteins function in length-dependent nuclear export of circular RNAs

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) comprise a recently appreciated category of RNAs that are in high abundance and serve important biological functions. Although several discoveries have been made regarding the biogenesis and functions of circRNAs, their subcellular trafficking has remained largely unknown. In this issue of Genes & Development, Huang and colleagues (pp. 639-644) reported the first study of the nuclear export of circRNAs. Drosophila Hel25E and its human homologs, UAP56 and URH49, are required for nuclear export of circRNAs. Nuclear export of circRNAs is surprisingly length-dependent, and the length measurement mechanism was shown to be controlled by motifs in Hel25E and its homologs consisting of four amino acids.
Oxidation of Benzene in the Aqueous Phase Over a Bimetallic Carbon Supported Catalyst

Aqueous phase heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of benzene by dissolved oxygen is reported. Using a bimetallic platinum-ruthenium catalyst supported on a high surface area activated carbon, good conversions were obtained at temperatures above 100°C and space-times greater than 40 seconds. Complete conversion of benzene to carbon dioxide and water was achieved at 100°C with a reactor space-time of 300 s.
Method of Undetermined Coefficients

This chapter describes the method of undetermined coefficients applicable to linear or nonlinear differential equations, a single equation or a system. This method yields an exact homogeneous solution, an exact particular solution, or both. If the general form of the solution of a given differential equation is known (or can be guessed), it can be substituted into the defining equations with unknown coefficients. Then, the unknown coefficients can be determined. The chapter highlights that very often the form of a solution to a differential equation can be guessed. By having several unknown parameters in the assumed form of the solution, the solution should be able to fit the defining equation(s). By forcing the guessed solution to satisfy the equation, these unknown quantities may be determined.
Time-dependent accident sequences including human actions

During an accident, transitions between plant states can occur due to operator intervention and the failure of systems while running. The latter cause of transition is much less likely than the first, which includes errors of commission and omission as well as recovery of lost functions. A methodology has been developed to model these transitions in the time domain. As an example, it is applied to the analysis of Three-Mile-Island-type accidents. Statistical evidence is collected and used in assessing the frequency of stuck-open power-operated relief valves at Babcock and Wilcox plants as well as the frequency of misdiagnosis. Statistical data are also used in modeling the timing of operator actions during the accident, i.e., turning off and on the high-pressure injection system and closing the block valves.
A chemotherapy incident reporting and improvement system.

Article-at-a-Glance Background The Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) has designed and deployed the Chemotherapy Incident Reporting and Improvement System (CIRIS), which is embedded into daily care processes. The system uses commercial information technologies, including handheld computers, to create a mobile Web-based chemotherapy incident reporting system for nurses and pharmacists. Two phases—(1) development and implementation of the CIRIS incident reporting safety registry and (2) development of the handheld-computer interface—were implemented. The final phase entails integration of the computerized order entry system into the front end of the CIRIS architecture. The voluntary incident reporting system data are stored over time for use by the multidisciplinary safety improvement team. Results Staff buy-in has been demonstrated by increased reporting rates, the high number of provider-initiated improvements made to the reporting tool during the first year of implementation, and specific chemotherapy safety interventions conceived from analysis of the reported data. Conclusion The CIRIS model for pediatric chemotherapy safety improvement has been implemented in the inpatient setting but could easily be configured for a variety of other clinical applications in inpatient or outpatient settings. CIRIS has been effective, especially in the chemotherapy pharmacy, where incident reporting has increased dramatically.
A tool for automated iptables firewall analysis

We describe ITVal, a tool that enables the efficient analysis of an iptables-based firewall. The underlying basis of ITVal is a library for the efficient manipulation of multi-way decision diagrams. We represent iptables rule sets and queries about the firewall defined by those rule sets as multi-way decision diagrams, and determine answers for the queries by manipulating the diagrams. In addition to discussing the design and implementation of ITVal, we describe how it can be used to detect and correct common firewall errors.
Non-invasive nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of male and female embryo metabolites during in vitro embryo culture

In the past 20+ years, several studies of bovine embryo production showed how the ratio of male to female embryos changes if embryos are made in vivo or in vitro. It is known that in in vitro systems, the sex ratio is in favor of males when there are high levels of glucose, and favors females when the principal energetic substrate is one other than glucose, like citrate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the embryo metabolism during three important periods of in vitro development: the early development (from day 1 until day 3), the middle of culture (day 3 until day 5), and later development (day 5 until day 7). To obtain this information we evaluated the spent medium from each time period by 1H NMR. Our results confirm that embryo metabolism is different between sexes. The new information obtained by identifies markers that we can use to predict the embryo sex. These results open a new, non-invasive method to evaluate sex of the embryos before the transfer. In the first period of embryo culture, valine concentration is good indicator (66.7% accurate), while in the last phase of culture, pyruvate depletion is the best marker (64% accurate) to evaluate the sex of the embryo.
Pore Network Investigation of Trapped Gas and Foam Generation Mechanisms

The mobility of gas is greatly reduced when the injected gas is foamed. The reduction in gas mobility is attributed to the reduction in gas relative permeability and the increase in gas effective viscosity. The reduction in the gas relative permeability is a consequence of the larger amount of gas trapped when foam is present while the increase in gas effective viscosity is explicitly a function of foam texture. Therefore, understanding how foam is generated and subsequent trapped foam behavior is of paramount importance to modeling of gas mobility. In this paper, we push the envelope to enlighten our decisions of which descriptions are most physical to foam flow in porous media regarding both the flowing foam fraction and the rate of generation. We use a statistical pore network interwoven with the invasion percolation with memory algorithm to model foam flow as a drainage process and investigate the dependence of the flowing foam fraction on the pressure gradient and to shed light on foam generation mechanisms. A critical snap-off probability is required for strong foam to emerge in our network. The pressure gradient and, hence, the gas mobility reduction are very low below this critical snap-off probability. Above this snap-off probability threshold, we find that the steady-state flowing lamellae fraction scales as $$(\nabla \tilde{p})^{0.19}$$ in 2D lattices and as $$(\nabla \tilde{p})^{0.32}$$ in 3D lattices. Results obtained from our network were convolved with percolation network scaling ideas to compare the probabilities of snap-off and lamella division mechanisms in the network during the initial gas displacement at the leading edge of the gas front. At this front, during strong foam flow, lamella division is practically nonexistent in 2D lattices. In 3D lattices, lamella division occurs, but the probability of snap-off is always greater than the probability of lamella division.
Binding significance to form: Cultural objects, neural binding, and cultural change

Abstract In sociology, a cultural object is the “binding” of significance to a material form. But, how do people “bind” otherwise discrete elements as a single element? In cognitive neuroscience and the philosophy of mind, this is known as the “binding problem.” Sociologists can learn from research on binding, as it deepens our understanding of cultural objects, learning, and social change. Binding is the process by which a material “token” is assimilated into (or expands the boundaries of) a cognitive “type,” or resists such typification thereby leading to the formation of a new cognitive “type.” Cultural objects are simultaneously types and tokens, and the interplay between them results in a fundamental cultural instability. “Binding” is an attempt to stabilize meaning in two ways: the first, innovating, is implicated in the emergence of a cultural object, and the second, indexicalizing, in its maintenance and extension. However, even the process of indexicalizing a well-established type—i.e., the proliferation of tokens—provides the material fodder from which to innovate new types. Attention to binding processes in the production and reception of cultural objects reveals important insight into the dynamics of cultural change and stability.