cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis Stratifies Progression-Free Survival in Newly Diagnosed Bevacizumab-Treated Glioblastoma

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Currently it is difficult to predict tumor response to anti-angiogenic therapy in individual patients. Our aim was to determine if ADC histogram analysis can stratify progression-free and overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed GBM treated “up-front” (ie, before tumor recurrence) with bevacizumab. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Up-front bevacizumab-treated and control patients (n = 59 and 62, respectively) with newly diagnosed GBM were analyzed by using an ADC histogram approach based on enhancing tumor. Progression-free and overall survival was determined by using Cox proportional HRs and the Kaplan-Meier method with logrank and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: For up-front bevacizumab-treated patients, lower ADCL was associated with significantly longer progression-free survival (median, 459 days for ADCL CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment ADC histogram analysis can stratify progression-free survival in bevacizumab-treated patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Lower ADC is associated with tumor MGMT promoter methylation, which may, in part, account for the favorable outcome associated with low ADCL tumors.
What is a Natural Property

In Principia Ethica Moore held that the meaning of the word ‘good’ is a simple, unanalysable, non-natural property. Several features of this claim might be questioned. It might be questioned whether there are properties at all, and whether, even if there are, they are ever the meanings of words. Again, it might be questioned whether the word ‘good’ expresses a property, even assuming that some other words do. Moore considers this latter question, but not the former (in Principia Ethica). The two questions may seem connected by the fact that a negative answer to the first trivially leads to a negative answer for the second. But this triviality should be a caution to us. Otherwise we may confuse nominalism with ethical non-cognitivism or ‘anti-realism’.
Profound accidental hypothermia in the deep South: clinical experience

Accidental hypothermia resulting from exposure is generally associated with frigid regions and not with the more temperate areas of the South. However, we present clinical experience from two cases in which the victims of motor vehicle accidents were exposed to the elements for prolonged periods and became profoundly hypothermic. The first patient was a 21-year-old male who was ejected from, and pinned under, his vehicle for approximately four hours in -15 degrees C ambient temperature. Upon admission to the Emergency Room, the patient was unresponsive with fixed and dilated pupils and his core temperature was 25 degrees C. After a prolonged period of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, percutaneous femoral to femoral cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was instituted for core rewarming. After reaching 37 degrees C, the patient was removed from bypass. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the fourth postoperative day. The second patient was a 40-year-old male who was ejected from his vehicle into a stream, where he was partially submerged for several hours. Although the ambient temperature was approximately 22 degrees C, his core temperature at admission was 27 degrees C. After a positive peritoneal lavage, the patient was taken to the Operating Room and placed on percutaneous femoral to femoral CPB for core rewarming. During rewarming, an exploratory laparotomy and a splenectomy were performed. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the seventh postoperative day. These cases are unique in that both were trauma patients with suspected internal injuries which required the avoidance of anticoagulation. Therefore, both cases utilized a Carmeda-bonded circuit without systemic anticoagulation. Language: en
The Impact of Computerized Physician Order Entry on Medication Error Prevention

Background: Medication errors are common, and while most such errors have little potential for harm they cause substantial extra work in hospitals. A small proportion do have the potential to cause injury, and some cause preventable adverse drug events. Objective: To evaluate the impact of computerized physician order entry (POE) with decision support in reducing the number of medication errors. Design: Prospective time series analysis, with four periods. Setting and participants: All patients admitted to three medical units were studied for seven to ten-week periods in four different years. The baseline period was before implementation of POE, and the remaining three were after. Sophistication of POE increased with each successive period. Intervention: Physician order entry with decision support features such as drug allergy and drug-drug interaction warnings. Main outcome measure: Medication errors, excluding missed dose errors. Results: During the study, the non-missed-dose medication error rate fell 81 percent, from 142 per 1,000 patient-days in the baseline period to 26.6 per 1,000 patient-days in the final period (P < 0.0001). Non-intercepted serious medication errors (those with the potential to cause injury) fell 86 percent from baseline to period 3, the final period (P = 0.0003). Large differences were seen for all main types of medication errors: dose errors, frequency errors, route errors, substitution errors, and allergies. For example, in the baseline period there were ten allergy errors, but only two in the following three periods combined (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Computerized POE substantially decreased the rate of non-missed-dose medication errors. A major reduction in errors was achieved with the initial version of the system, and further reductions were found with addition of decision support features. n JAMIA. 1999;6:313-321.
The Current Outlook in Church History

One of the duties of the office of President of this Society, to which you did me the honor to elect me for the year that has just closed, is to give an annual address. Its theme is, fortunately for the speaker, almost of necessity prescribed by the purposes of the Society and the nature of the office to which your kindness has chosen me, and he deems it, therefore, no less his duty than his privilege to bring before you in rapid survey, and in brief and inadequate outline, indeed, the principal events of the year which has elapsed since the last meeting of this Society, in so far as they relate themselves to its purpose, viz., the cultivation of church history.
A DC-DC converter for short-channel CMOS technologies

An integrated DC-DC converter with two passive external components was designed and fabricated in an advanced, short-channel (L/sub eff/ 10 MHz) were used to minimize the size of external components, and novel circuits were used to reduce the stress on the short channel devices. Measured efficiencies for a 3.3 V to 1.65 V converter were approximately 75% for output currents from 15 to 40 mA.
Dominant Balances and Exchanges of the Atmospheric Water Cycle in the Reanalysis 2 at Diurnal, Annual, and Intraseasonal Time Scales

Output from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–Department of Energy (NCEP–DOE) Reanalysis 2 (R2) is passed through a broadband filter to determine the normalized covariances that describe the variance of the atmospheric water cycle at diurnal, annual, and intraseasonal (7–80 days) time scales. Vapor flux convergence is residually defined to close the water cycle between successive 3-hourly output times from 2002 to 2004, resulting in a balance between precipitation, evaporation, precipitable water tendency, and vertically integrated vapor flux convergence. The same balance holds at each time scale, allowing 100% of each variable’s temporal variance to be described by its covariance with other water cycle components in the same variance category. Global maps of these normalized covariances are presented to demonstrate the unique balances and exchanges that govern temporal variations in the water cycle. The diurnal water cycle is found to be dominated by a land–sea contrast, with continents controlled thermodynamically through evaporation and the oceans following dynamic convergence. The annual timescale features significant meridional structure, with the low latitudes described mostly through variability in convergence and the extratropics governed by the properties of advected continental and maritime air masses. Intraseasonal transients lack direct solar oscillations at the top of the atmosphere and are characterized by propagating dynamic systems that act to adjust the precipitable water content of unsaturated regions or exchange directly with precipitation in saturated areas. By substituting the modeled precipitation with observation-based fields, a detailed description of the water cycle’s exchanges relating to the nocturnal precipitation maximum over the Midwest is obtained.
A bit-map-assisted energy-efficient MAC scheme for wireless sensor networks

The low-energy characteristics of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) pose a great design challenge for MAC protocol design. Recent studies have proposed different cluster-based MAC protocols. In this paper, we propose an intra-cluster communication bit-map-assisted (BMA) MAC protocol for large-scale cluster-based WSNs. BMA is intended for event-driven applications, where sensor nodes transmit data to the cluster head only if significant events are observed. In addition, we provide the energy and packet latency analytical models for BMA, conventional TDMA, and energy efficient TDMA (E-TDMA) when used as intra-cluster MAC schemes. Our results show that BMA is superior for the cases of low and medium traffic loads, relatively few sensor nodes per cluster, and relatively large data packet sizes. In addition, BMA performs better than the TDMA-based MAC schemes in terms of average packet latency.
Immunochemical characterization of antigenic domains on human interferon‐β: spatially distinct epitopes are associated with both antiviral and antiproliferative activities

The use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) raised against recombinant (serine-17) human interferon-β (rHuIFN-βser) has permitted the identification of three epitopes on HuIFN-β, designated as sites I, II and III, based solely on functional differences, i.e., the neutralization of antiviral and antiproliferative activities of natural and recombinant HuIFN-β (Redlich, P. N. and Grossberg, S. E., J. Immunol. 1989. 143: 1887). Site I- and II-directed mAb possessed neutralizing activity whereas none was noted by mAb recognizing site III. To characterize further these epitopes by immunochemical means, we studied their (a) spatial relationship by competitive binding assays, (b) antigenic structure by Western blotting, and (c) sensitivity to chemical modification by the measurement of mAb reactivity after radioiodination. Competitive antibody binding studies revealed site II to be spatially distinct from sites I and III. Furthermore, site I- and II-directed mAb could easily recognize rHuIFN-βser on a Western blot, suggesting that both these epitopes are primarily sequential in structure or denaturation resistant. Chemical modification by radioiodination, which did not alter the biologic activity of rHuIFN-βser, had likewise little effect on mAb reactivity to site I; however, reactivity to site II was diminished and reactivity to site III was minimal following the radioiodination process. Both site I- and II-directed mAb inhibited the binding of 125I-rHuIFN-βser to intact Daudi cells, suggesting that inhibition of receptor binding is their mechanism of neutralization. Thus, we conclude that epitopes I and II, which are associated with both antiviral and antiproliferative activities of rHuIFN-β, are spatially and immunochemically distinct.
An extensible, portable, scalable cluster management software architecture

This paper describes an object-oriented software architecture for cluster integration and management that enables extensibility, portability, and scalability. This architecture has been successfully implemented and deployed on several large-scale production clusters at Sandia National Laboratories, the largest of which is currently 1861 nodes. This paper discusses the key features of the architecture that allow for easily extending the range of supported hardware devices and network topologies. We also describe in detail how the object-oriented structure that represents the hardware components can be used to implement scalable and portable cluster management tools.
Adsorbed Layers of Ferritin at Solid and Fluid Interfaces Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy

The adsorption of the iron storage protein ferritin was studied by liquid tapping mode atomic force microscopy in order to obtain molecular resolution in the adsorbed layer within the aqueous environment in which the adsorption was carried out. The surface coverage and the structure of the adsorbed layer were investigated as functions of ionic strength and pH on two different charged surfaces, namely chemically modified glass slides and mixed surfactant films at the air-water interface, which were transferred to graphite substrates after adsorption. Surface coverage trends with both ionic strength and pH indicate the dominance of electrostatic effects, with the balance shifting between intermolecular repulsion and protein-surface attraction. The resulting behavior is more complex than that seen for larger colloidal particles, which appear to follow a modified random sequential adsorption model monotonically. The structure of the adsorbed layers at the solid surfaces is random, but some indication of long-range order is apparent at fluid interfaces, presumably due to the higher protein mobility at the fluid interface. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
NESTS WITHOUT EGGS: ABANDONMENT OR CRYPTIC PREDATION?

Abstract We determined whether nests that did not receive eggs was attributable to cryptic nest predation (i.e. predation of eggs laid between nest checks) or nest abandonment in Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula). Nest predation was extremely low (∼2%), whereas more than 44% of 427 nests found during nest building never received an egg; this indicates that nest abandonment accounted for most nests without eggs. Nest construction was completed for 32% of nests that were abandoned. Few nests known to have received eggs were abandoned. As the breeding season progressed, both nest abandonment and time from nest completion to first egg decreased. It has been proposed that the delay in egg laying early in the season allows females to optimize timing of egg laying. Nest abandonment may also serve this purpose, but seems an unnecessarily expensive mechanism. Alternatively, nest abandonment could be involved with mate switching. Understanding why nests are abandoned requires data on the associated ecological ci...
Past permafrost on the Mid‐Atlantic Coastal Plain, eastern United States

Sand-wedge casts, soil wedges and other non-diastrophic, post-depositional sedimentary structures suggest that Late-Pleistocene permafrost and deep seasonal frost on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain extended at least as far south as southern Delaware, the Eastern Shore and southern Maryland. Heterogeneous cold-climate slope deposits mantle lower valley-side slopes in central Maryland. A widespread pre-existing fragipan is congruent with the inferred palaeo-permafrost table. The high bulk density of the fragipan was probably enhanced by either thaw consolidation when icy permafrost degraded at the active layer-permafrost interface or by liquefaction and compaction when deep seasonal frost thawed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Normal impact of an infinite elastic-plastic beam by a semi-infinite elastic rod

Abstract Solutions are obtained for the problem of normal impact of an infinite elastic-plastic beam by a semi-infinite elastic rod. The effects of rotatory inertia and shear deformations are included in the equations governing the motion of the beam. A strain rate independent model based on concepts similar to those employed in quasistatic plasticity is used to describe material behavior. The interaction between moment and shear force is included. A strain hardening criterion is used based on the quasi-static moment-curvature relation for pure bending. Strain-time profiles computed using this theory agree reasonably well with those obtained in experiments on aluminum beams. The computed solutions are also compared with predictions based on a rigid perfectly plastic beam theory.
Progress toward Total Solid-Phase Synthesis of Cyclic Lipodepsipeptide Antibiotic Fusaricidin A

Introduction Cyclic depsipeptides have been found in many natural organisms such as fungi, bacteria and marine organisms. It is very well known that these natural products and their derivatives exhibit a variety of biological activities, including insecticidal, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-tumor, tumor-promotive, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive actions [1]. Occurrence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and urgent demands for new and more potent antimicrobials place this class of natural products in the center of the attention for the development of new antibacterial agents. Some of those compounds, such as cyclic lipodepsipeptides daptomycin (Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and ramoplanin (Genome Therapeutics Corporation), are among the agents in advanced stages of clinical development for eradication of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Other promising candidate for reverting multidrug resistant bacteria is naturally occurring cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic fusaricidin A. Fusaricidin A was isolated in 1996 by Y. Kajimura et al. from Bacillus polymyxa strain KT-8 [2]. Its simple peptide sequence (L-Thr-D-Val-L-Val-D-allo-Thr-D-AsnD-Ala) has strong activity against various kinds of fungi and Gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus, and indications that it may be active against MRSA make this natural product particularly interesting as a lead compound for development of new antimicrobial agents. The total solid-phase syntheses of fusaricidin A represents the first step toward a complete exploitation of fusaricidin A’s antibacterial potentials.
Setting Health Standards for the 21st Century

Abstract Objectives To describe the nature, substance, and impact of health standards and to speculate on how they may change during the early years of the 21st century. Summary The health care system has experienced dramatic changes over the past three decades. Health standards now cover the spectrum from statutes to regulations to guidelines, as well as less compulsory forms, and address every aspect of health, including the availability, quality, and cost of services; the safety, efficacy, and quality of products; the adequacy of processes and analytic methods; and the value and cost-effectiveness of health technologies and services. Standards cover promotion, protection, and gatekeeping functions. They are established in response to specific needs and are driven by social and political agendas; social policy will drive standards development to a greater extent in the 21st than in the 20th century. Technology advances are stimulating new forms of standards, primarily gatekeeping standards. Standards raise the question of compliance. The trend is increasingly toward less compulsory, more discretionary standards, with a greater percentage being established by quasi-official and voluntary bodies. Conclusion 21st century health standards must balance the rights of access with protection from unsafe, ineffective, and poor quality products and services during a period when decisions must be made faster. They must be more flexible, enabling consumers to choose their level of protection. Such standards will pose the same concerns about adequacy, equity, and freedom of choice as health standards pose now. Whether we will use 21st century standards to improve and advance our health as well as systems, products, and services that contribute to health more effectively than we have in the 20th century is a question to ponder.
Appressoria Formation by Aspergillus parasiticus on Bagworm Cuticle

Invasion of Aspergillus parasiticus into the bagworm cuticle was accomplished by slender invasion hyphae issuing from appressoria attached to the epicuticle. Observations indicate a physical penetration of the fungus through the epi- and exo-cuticles.
Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Meeting Healthcare Challenges in Africa: A Perspective From the Public Sector

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) align public and private needs around mutual goals to move vital projects forward. When PPPs work to strengthen the critical link in the healthcare system, such aslaboratorynetworks,as demonstrated inthissupplementbyauthors from the International Laboratory Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in-country officials from therespectiveCDCandMinistriesofHealth,implementingpartners, and Becton, Dickinson, and Company (BD), they significantly change the landscape of healthcare and patient outcomes. The laboratory networks in African countries supported by a PPP between BD and US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief are achieving a positive transformation. Over the years, thePPPhasdemonstratedsignificantcontributionsindeveloping a more competent laboratory workforce, reinforced laboratory systems, and improved treatment efficiencies by significantly reducing turnaround time to provide accurate laboratory results to patients afflicted by deadly diseases, such as multidrug resistant tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This PPP has not just improved efficiencies in the countries where they exist, it has also provided a successful model for other low-income countries to consider. The effort needed to meet the UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment goals to help end the AIDS epidemic by 2020 is tremendous, and neither governments nor the private sector can do it alone. These goals, which state that, by 2020, all people living with HIV will know their HIV status, 90% of all people with diagnosed HIV infection will receive sustained antiretroviral therapy, and 90% of all people receiving antiretroviral therapy will have viral suppression, are being significantly advanced as a result of this collaboration. We encourage more entities—public, private, health ministries, and nongovernmental organizations— to consider PPPs as an opportunity to efficiently and synergistically meet the needs of people living with HIV/AIDS and of their caregivers.
A peer-mediated intervention to improve the conversational skills of high school students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Background Social-communication deficits of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can significantly interfere with their participation in high school activities, where conversation is the primary mode of social interaction. The purpose of this study was to extend the social-communication research in high school settings by the evaluating use of a peer-mediated intervention (PMI) during lunch on the conversational skills of three adolescents with ASD who were observed to be passive or reluctant conversationalists. Method A multiple-baseline design across participants was used to assess the effects of teaching typical peers strategies for facilitating conversation with the focal students. Peers served as the primary interventionists, but as in other PMI research, we also incorporated the use of written text cues and direct instruction for the focal students, with the aim of using text cues flexibly for a more natural conversation. Results Results indicated improvements in focal students’ conversational skills including an increased number of conversational acts, initiations, and follow-up questions, and longer conversational episodes with peers. Overall assertive acts (i.e., responses not contingent upon peer requests) also increased, suggesting that the once passive conversationalists were becoming more assertive. Social validity outcome measures attested to the acceptability of the PMI and the quality of conversation between focal students and peers. Conclusions The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that PMI can produce substantial and socially-validated conversational outcomes for high school students with ASD.
Contemporary outcomes after pericardial window surgery: impact of operative technique

The optimal window procedure for drainage of a large pericardial effusion has yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes associated with the subxiphoid and thoracotomy pericardial window techniques, with a focus on perioperative pain and effusion recurrence rates. A retrospective single-center observational study of all pericardial window operations was performed, with the incision based on surgeon preference. Perioperative data was recorded including time to extubation, narcotic requirements, and the development of a recurrent pericardial effusion. From 2002 to 2015, 179 patients with a large pericardial effusion underwent either a subxiphoid (n = 127) or left anterior mini-thoracotomy (n = 52) pericardial window procedure. Patients (mean age 73.2 years, 56 % female) had a high incidence of previous malignancy (49 %), chronic anticoagulation (34 %), recent infection (26 %), or renal failure (18 %). Cardiac tamponade was present in 50 %, and 12 % had undergone previous pericardiocentesis. Comparing the two techniques, there was no difference in the amount of fluid drained or in the perioperative mortality rate. Postoperatively, patients who had the subxiphoid approach required less time before extubation (P = 0.002) and needed less narcotics within 48 h after surgery (P = 0.0001) compared to thoracotomy patients. However, patients treated with the subxiphoid technique more often developed recurrent moderate or large pericardial effusions (P = 0.02), and there was a trend towards more repeat operations needed (P = 0.15). Pericardial window surgery via a subxiphoid incision is associated with less postoperative pain and faster time to extubation. However, the thoracotomy approach may be more effective at preventing effusion recurrence and the need for repeat surgery.
Supports for College-Bound African-Americans Formerly in Foster Care: A Qualitative Study of Their Influences on Enrollment in College

ABSTRACTThis study provides in-depth descriptive data on the key influences and supports that assisted 10 African-Americans who aged out of foster care with enrolling in college and other tasks related to their transition into college. The findings revealed that participants were affected by social and community supports. Social supports were described by the participants as professional social workers, caseworkers, foster care parents, and clergy. Communal supports were described as churches, community-based organizations, and nonprofit organizations. There was an intersection between the social and communal supports. Although the participants successfully enrolled in college, they suggested that they would have benefited from a college preparation program to prepare them for the college environment. This article notes the implications for effective and culturally sensitive social work practice and the study’s limitations, which suggest areas for further research.
A Integrated Evaluation Method of Coal Mine Enterprise's Core Competence Based on Fuzzy Theory

Evaluation of core competence is an important basis to promote the coal mine enterprise's core competence.There are many fuzzy factors in the evaluation process.On the base of analyzing the factors of coal mine enterprise's core competence,this paper builds a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of coal mine enterprise's core competence which uses the fuzzy theory.Using this model,the coal mine enterprise's core competence will be qualitative evaluated.
Psychological Reason Analysis of Act in Violation of Regulations and Precautionary Measures

The psychological reason of the act in violation of regulations in the production process is analyzed,proceeding from modern safe management theory.The precautionary measures are explained.The important measures to prevent the occurrence of accident are pointed out,those are: improving the safe management system,strengthening the training,building the atmosphere of safety in production,and dispelling the unsafe states of the apparatus and facility.Point out that improves the safe management system,strengthen training,build the atmosphere of safety in production,and dispel the unsafe states of the apparatus,facility,and the important measure that the history prevents the occurrence of accident.
Nucleation and growth of deformation twins

Deformation twinning involves the movement of planes of atoms in a crystal lattice parallel to a specific (twinning) plane so that across that plane the shifted and unshifted portions of the lattice are mirror images of one another. Twinning is observed in both metal and ceramic alloys, alloys crucial to the technologies based on shape-memory devices, smart sensors, actuators, and damping mechanisms, fracture-resistant composites, and high-temperature superconductors.
Hepatotoxicity Due to Mitochondrial Injury

The liver is a highly aerobic organ, and mitochondria occupy about 20% of hepatocellular volume to meet the ATP demands of ureagenesis and many other hepatic functions. Accordingly, disruption of mitochondrial function underlies the toxicity of many hepatotoxicants. Oxidative stress, acetaminophen, fatty acids, and various carboxylic acids promote onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition, which leads to necrotic cell death from ATP depletion and/or apoptosis after cytochrome c release. Disruption of mitochondrial β-oxidation and the carnitine shuttle that imports medium- and long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria is a frequent cause of hepatic steatosis and sometimes more severe hepatic injury. Some hepatotoxicants are cationic and accumulate into mitochondria electrophoretically to high matrix concentrations that inhibit essential enzymes for respiration, β-oxidation, or oxidative phosphorylation. Lastly, antiviral compounds can interfere with replication of mitochondrial DNA, leading to deficiencies of 13 essential proteins of oxidative phosphorylation and a fulminant and irreversible hepatic failure. Overall, hepatic toxicity due to adverse effects on mitochondrial function remains an important cause of drug-induced liver injury.
Irreversibility in Quantum Statistical Mechanics

Quantum mechanics has its own probabilities to be added to, or identified with, the probabilities of statistical mechanics. We ignore the “identified with” and regard the two kinds of probabilities as different as day and night.
Le Site d'auteur: un nouvel espace d'investigation critique

Cet article cherche a delimiter un nouvel espace d’investigation critique: le site internet d’auteur. Sa these centrale consiste a demontrer que la fonction de ce dernier excede sa finalite commerciale. Un nombre grandissant de sites internet mis en ligne par des ecrivains contemporains diffusent des paratextes produits specifiquement pour y trouver place: le partage en ligne de reflexions sur le travail litteraire fait du journal de l’ecrivain un livre ouvert aux internautes. Par ailleurs, la publication en ligne de textes inedits temoigne de la capacite de cet espace de mediation a devenir un lieu de creation a part entiere. Cette etude s’appuie sur les resultats d’un questionnaire auquel ont repondu Antoine Bello, Francois Bon, Joel Dicker, Michael Ferrier, Fabrice Humbert, Marc Levy, Edouard Louis, Marc Pautrel, Pia Petersen, Jean Rouaud, Gilbert Sinoue et Audree Wilhelmy. Apres avoir analyse les reponses fournies a ce questionnaire, cette etude s’interroge sur la capacite du site internet a offrir une forme de musee virtuel pour l’ecrivain, rassemblant a la fois ses œuvres et les interventions critiques a leur sujet et opposant a la destruction et l’eparpillement des textes un nouvel acces, par l’intermediaire du numerique, a la posterite.
475. Phase I Clinical Trial of Autologous CD19-Targeted 19-28z CAR T Cells in Adult Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-ALL

Adult patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a dismal prognosis with a median overall survival (OS) < 6 months. Salvage chemotherapy is ineffective and often induces only a transient remission. We previously reported high anti-tumor activity of autologous T cells genetically modified to express 19-28z chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD19 antigen in adult patients with ALL (Davila M et al. Sci Transl Med 2014). Herein, we report updated results and long-term outcome from our phase I clinical trial of 19-28z CAR T cells in adult patients with R/R ALL (NCT01044069).
The Applicability of Inertial Motion Sensors for Locomotion and Posture

Wearable sensors are now ubiquitous consumer devices, enabling the general population to track their physical activities - providing estimates of time in each activity and measures such as steps and calories. Clinicians can benefit from this growth in wearable devices to better evaluate patient activity and posture for diagnosis and evaluating outcomes. The technologies involved range from low-grade, inexpensive consumer-oriented sensors to high-grade clinically validated activity monitors with associated analytics suites. In this chapter, we review the relevant technologies and how they can be applied to track locomotion and posture in clinical populations. We will review the form for these devices, the enabling analytics technology, and patient-specific applications. Beyond the limitations of more traditional measures, we will see that wearable devices enable convenient, objective, and continuous information that can assist clinicians in better diagnostics to quantify the impact of therapeutic interventions.
Self-contained, low-cost Body-on-a-Chip systems for drug development:

Integrated multi-organ microphysiological systems are an evolving tool for preclinical evaluation of the potential toxicity and efficacy of drug candidates. Such systems, also known as Body-on-a-Chip devices, have a great potential to increase the successful conversion of drug candidates entering clinical trials into approved drugs. Systems, to be attractive for commercial adoption, need to be inexpensive, easy to operate, and give reproducible results. Further, the ability to measure functional responses, such as electrical activity, force generation, and barrier integrity of organ surrogates, enhances the ability to monitor response to drugs. The ability to operate a system for significant periods of time (up to 28 d) will provide potential to estimate chronic as well as acute responses of the human body. Here we review progress towards a self-contained low-cost microphysiological system with functional measurements of physiological responses.Impact statementMulti-organ microphysiological systems are pr...
Dynamical Systems Modeling of Couple Interaction: a New Method for Assessing Intervention Impact Across the Transition to Parenthood

This study explored the use of dynamical systems modeling techniques to evaluate self- and co-regulation of affect in couples’ interactions before and after the transition to parenthood, and the impact of the Family Foundations program on these processes. Thirty-four heterosexual couples, randomized to intervention and control conditions, participated in videotaped dyadic interaction tasks at pretest (during pregnancy) and posttest (1 year after birth). Husbands’ and wives’ positivity and negativity were micro-coded throughout interactions. Individual negativity set-points, self-regulation, and partner co-regulatory processes during interactions were examined using a coupled oscillators model. Regarding self-regulatory processes, men exhibited amplification of negativity at the prenatal assessment that did not change at the postnatal assessment; women demonstrated no significant damping or amplification at pretest and a marginally significant change towards greater amplification at the postnatal assessment. In terms of partner-influenced regulatory dynamics, men’s positive behaviors changed from damping to amplifying women’s negative behaviors in the control group following the transition to parenthood, but exerted an even stronger damping effect on women’s negative behaviors in the intervention group. The study highlights the advantages of dynamic modeling approaches in testing specific hypotheses in the study of self- and co-regulatory couple dynamics and demonstrates the potential of studying dynamic processes to further understanding of developmental and intervention-related change mechanisms.
Using a social ecological model to explore upstream and downstream solutions to rural food access for the elderly

AbstractA social ecological model is applied to the secondary analysis of qualitative data to study the impact of place on rural food access for older adults in West Virginia. The use of a social-ecological model to review the senior’s coded narratives provided a clearer picture of higher impact, upstream levers to address food security for older adults in a rural region. The elderly have restricted access to food in rural West Virginia because of an indirect relationship with place that acts through the social ecological domains of the built environment, macrosocial factors, stressors, the natural environment, and social support. The results of this analysis add to theories on upstream policy sectors that may contribute to food security and the quality of dietary intake for older adults in rural places. As senior populations increase the need for greater understanding of the place-based causal pathways for rural food insecurity and poor nutrition in older adults will become more important for program and...
Confluence of Cultural Context and Technological Innovation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disparities in India.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a source of major morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in several low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). In fact, CVD represents the leading cause of death in India, accounting for a quarter of all mortality.1 CVD in India has quadrupled in the past 40 years, and estimates suggest that, by 2020, almost 60% of CVD patients worldwide will be Indians.2 Thus, India represents an accelerated epidemiological transition model (also observed in LMICs such as Brazil), where patients are living longer with chronic diseases.3 In combination with hypertension and diabetes mellitus as major risk factors for the burgeoning burden of CVD, ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) carries a grave prognosis in India and other LMICs.3 Moreover, CVD disproportionately affects patients in poor and rural regions in India, and disparities in socioeconomic status accentuate this phenomenon.1 Those from lower socioeconomic status status less frequently receive optimal therapy, fueling adverse outcomes.1 Although cost-effective interventions have been developed for prevention and control of CVD risk factors, barriers to widespread use exist. Low detection rates, inadequate awareness, poor use of evidence-based interventions, and low adherence rates are a few of the challenges. Thus, innovative solutions are needed to surmount these barriers to improve CVD outcomes in India and other LMICs. A compelling opportunity to improve health lies in low-cost, high-impact technologies. India has the optimal milieu to foster technological innovation in reducing CVD disparities—bridging some of the age-old problems of income, caste, culture, and economic status. Importantly, the power of these technologies can be harnessed using a culturally tailored approach, such as pairing trusted community healthcare workers to deliver care to vulnerable, high-risk patients.4,5 We present 3 illustrative examples of healthcare providers using technological innovations—monitoring devices, mobile phone–based clinical decision support systems, and wearable …
The Protein Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT-5 Regulates SER-2 Tyramine Receptor-Mediated Behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans

G protein-coupled receptors are 7-pass transmembrane receptors that couple to heterotrimeric G proteins to mediate cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate G protein-coupled receptors is crucial to manipulating their signaling for therapeutic benefit. One key regulatory mechanism that contributes to the functional diversity of many signaling proteins is post-translational modification. Whereas phosphorylation remains the best studied of such modifications, arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferases is emerging as a key regulator of protein function. We previously published the first functional evidence that arginine methylation of G protein-coupled receptors modulates their signaling. We report here a third receptor that is regulated by arginine methylation, the Caenorhabditis elegans SER-2 tyramine receptor. We show that arginines within a putative methylation motif in the third intracellular loop of SER-2 are methylated by PRMT5 in vitro Our data also suggest that this modification enhances SER-2 signaling in vivo to modulate animal behavior. The identification of a third G protein-coupled receptor to be functionally regulated by arginine methylation suggests that this post-translational modification may be utilized to regulate signaling through a broad array of G protein-coupled receptors.
Ketogenic diet enhances neurovascular function with altered gut microbiome in young healthy mice

Neurovascular integrity, including cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, plays a major role in determining cognitive capability. Recent studies suggest that neurovascular integrity could be regulated by the gut microbiome. The purpose of the study was to identify if ketogenic diet (KD) intervention would alter gut microbiome and enhance neurovascular functions, and thus reduce risk for neurodegeneration in young healthy mice (12-14 weeks old). Here we show that with 16 weeks of KD, mice had significant increases in CBF and P-glycoprotein transports on BBB to facilitate clearance of amyloid-beta, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These neurovascular enhancements were associated with reduced mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expressions. KD also increased the relative abundance of putatively beneficial gut microbiota (Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus), and reduced that of putatively pro-inflammatory taxa (Desulfovibrio and Turicibacter). We also observed that KD reduced blood glucose levels and body weight, and increased blood ketone levels, which might be associated with gut microbiome alteration. Our findings suggest that KD intervention started in the early stage may enhance brain vascular function, increase beneficial gut microbiota, improve metabolic profile, and reduce risk for AD.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Thiophenes and Benzothiophenes

The use of thiophenes in medicinal chemistry and materials sciences has grown enormously during the past several years. For example, thiophene is the backbone of several important pharmaceuticals such as Reloxifen, duloxetine (Cymbalta), tiotropium (Spiriva), Cosopt (dorzolamide), etc. Importantly, the syntheses the aforementioned drugs use simple thiophenes as starting materials. The quest for these exotic small molecules has been brought forth by either modification of classical methods and, more importantly, novel synthesis by highly creative synthetic chemists. Likewise attention has been drawn to the efficient synthesis of thiophenes-containing organic materials due to the importance of atom-economics and green chemistry. Due to the facile synthesis of thiophene derivatives much progress has been made in thiophenes containing organic materials with respect to light-emitting diodes, firld-effect transistors, solar cells, etc. This report details the major synthetic methods for the synthesis of thiophenes and benzo[b]thiophenes including Gewald reaction, Wilgerodt-Kindler reaction, Paul-Knorr reaction, fluorous synthetic protocol, sulfur-assisted reactions, electrophilic cylization and direct arylation methods. Where possible, the reactions will be categorized. However, in several cases major overlapping of two or more synthetic methods have prevented such categorizations.
Overview: the future of research in human milk.

In 1987, Drs. Armond Goldman and Cutberto Garza wrote inPediatric Researchthat “although the survival of the species… has been dependent on breast-feeding, there has been comparatively little scientific interest in human lactation and the composition and biological effects of human milk” (Goldman & Garza 1987). They commented, however, that the scientific climate was in the process of changing to an increasing awareness of research in this field. Observations from the numerous chapters of this book indicate that opportunities for research in this field have mushroomed in the years since that report. Excerpts of studies illustrating the diversity of research areas covered by the young, emerging investigators in the field are included in this report.
The Twelve-Year-Old Girl's Lawsuit That Changed America: The Continuing Impact of Now v. Little League Baseball, Inc. at 40

In 1972, Little League's national office forced 12-year-old Maria Pepe off her Hoboken (N.J.) team because "[g]irls are not eligible." The New Jersey Division on Civil Rights sustained her gender discrimination claim in 1973, and the courts upheld the administrative decision a year later. National reaction to Maria Pepe's courageous insistence on gender equity helped sustain the evolution in gender roles that had accelerated since the Women's Movement of the 1960s. Her landmark legal action also likely influenced the Supreme Court's gradual movement toward intermediate scrutiny of gender discrimination claims; the 1975 federal regulations that assured Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 a prominent role in elementary, secondary and higher education; and children's socialization concerning gender roles in our society.
Large-scale spatial network models: An application to modeling information diffusion through the homeless population of San Francisco

To address the effects of increasing homeless populations, planners must understand the size and distribution of their homeless populations, as well as how information and resources are diffused th...
A Simplified Pöschl–Teller Potential: An Instructive Exercise for Introductory Quantum Mechanics

The quantum mechanics of a simplified Poschl–Teller potential in one dimension is analyzed at an elementary level. The number of bound states of this potential is determined by a parameter l characterizing the depth of the potential energy. The resulting collection of potentials with varying depth, as well as their ground state energies, is found by requiring the ground state wave function to be the hyperbolic secant function raised to power l. A step-by-step operator-based strategy for the construction of the eigenfunctions corresponding to all other bound states and their eigenenergies is discussed. We also show how all these results can be alternatively obtained by means of the Legendre differential equation, familiar from the rigid-rotor and hydrogen atom problems. The connection between all these problems is discussed while highlighting the use of this model for teaching introductory quantum mechanics.