cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The village as a ‘community of practice’ Constitution of village belonging through leisure sociality

This paper looks at the formation and display of a form of identification alternative to the national one, the belonging to the village, within the leisure practices of Kadazan villagers in Sabah, East Malaysia, both constituted by the regular meetings of peer groups and by festive events. The analysis of the paper applies the concept of ‘community of practice’ to the group of villagers who regularly invest most of their resources of free time, but also money, in interacting between themselves and in organising celebrations for various life-cycle events or for other occasions, and argues that a strong sense of belonging to the village is developed through this engagement.These practices are informed by a powerful and widely spread local ideology, positing the village as the central point of reference for its inhabitants’ sense of belonging and as the locus of a traditionalist ‘way of life’, based on cooperation, sharing and egalitarian principles, and rejecting the modern, multi-ethnic urban world from which the majority of the villagers derive their livelihood. This ideology defines the village as Kadazan and Christian, determining a rootedness in everyday life of ethnic identity as well as a general rejection of government-led nationalist propaganda and of its policies. This ideology is an essential part of the affirmation by the villagers of the primacy of the local and of direct involvement and participation over their sense of belonging to collective categories.
Mediating Diasporas and Fandom: Second-Generation Korean American Adolescent Diasporas, Identification, and Transnational Popular Culture

Research on second-generation diasporic reception practices is rare, and it is the goal of this article to continue the nascent inquiry on multiple-generation diasporic audiences. The complicated ways in which diasporic identity is negotiated allows for greater understanding of the border zones that multiple-generation diasporas inhabit. Fully acculturated but not fully included, second-generation diasporas infuse their identities with meanings drawn in part through reception of transnational popular media and the development of fan communities. For Korean Americans, it is a way of identifying with a transnational home identity that allows for counterhegemonic identification. Boundaries of fan communities, however, exclude as well as include. Intraethnic taste hierarchies define what counts as authentically ethnic and who counts as sufficiently Korean.
Gas-Phase Reactions of Nickel and Nickel Oxide Clusters with Nitrogen Dioxide. 4. Continued Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigation of Nickel Cluster Reactions with NOx Gases

Results of investigations of the gas-phase reactions of nickel and nickel oxide ions with NO{sub 2} are reported in this final part of a four-part series. A fast flow reactor-quadrupole mass spectrometer system coupled with a laser vaporization source is used to study reactions of nickel and nickel oxide cluster ions with nitrogen dioxide. Pseudo-first-order biomolecular rate constants for the reactions of NO{sub 2} with nickel and nickel oxide cluster cations and anions are reported. The product distributions indicate that several different reaction mechanisms occur between NO{sub 2} and various sizes of nickel and nickel oxide cluster ions. The reaction processes are mainly oxidation of the nickel clusters and NO{sub 2} addition. Finally, a detailed comparison is made between these reactions and previously reported ones with nitric oxide and oxygen.
Longer is better

The longer something is thought to exist, the better it is evaluated. In Study 1, participants preferred an existing university requirement over an alternative; this pattern was more pronounced when the existing requirement was said to be in place for a longer period of time. In Study 2, participants rated acupuncture more favorably as a function of how old the practice was described. Aesthetic judgments of art (Study 3) and nature (Study 4) were also positively affected by time in existence, as were gustatory evaluations of an edible consumer good (Study 5). Features of the research designs argue against mere exposure, loss aversion, and rational inference as explanations for these findings. Instead, time in existence seems to operate as a heuristic; longer means better.
A Two Phase Decrease in Force and Intracellular Ca2+ during the Relaxation of Mouse Lumbricle Muscle

Intracellular Ca2+ and force were measured simultaneously in intact mouse lumbricle muscle (toe muscle). All motor units were stimulated simultaneously for a fixed period of time at varying frequencies. During the fixed period of stimulation average force and intracellular Ca2+ were computed. Results showed that there was a sigmoidal increase in both average force and intracellular Ca2+ as a function of log10 of the increasing frequency of the muscle stimulation. At the end of the stimulation period the isometric contracting muscle relaxed in two phases. Immediately following the end of stimulation there was an initial slow phase of relaxation associated with a very rapid fall in intracellular Ca2+ (Phase 1). Following the initial phase of slow relaxation (Phase 1) there was a very rapid relaxation associated with a much slower rate of decrease in intracellular Ca2+ (Phase 2). Analysis of Ca2+ records during the Phase 2 relaxation showed that the rapid decrease in force was associated with extra Ca2+ being released into the myoplasm. The initial slow phase of relaxation (Phase 1) was found to be dependent upon the initial isometric force (active state) at the time of cessation of the muscle stimulus. The relationship between phase 1 relaxation rate and active state was linear showing that a 50% decrease in maximum active state would result in approximately a 200% increase in phase 1 relaxation rate. The results suggest that the initial slow rate of cross-bridge dissociation (Phase 1) is dependent upon the activation state of the myofilaments and that the rapid relaxation during Phase 2 is associated with Ca2+ being released from the myofilaments. Supported by AHA 10GRNT4450042
Transient Reversal of Episome Silencing Precedes VP16-Dependent Transcription during Reactivation of Latent HSV-1 in Neurons

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) establishes latency in peripheral neurons, creating a permanent source of recurrent infections. The latent genome is assembled into chromatin and lytic cycle genes are silenced. Processes that orchestrate reentry into productive replication (reactivation) remain poorly understood. We have used latently infected cultures of primary superior cervical ganglion (SCG) sympathetic neurons to profile viral gene expression following a defined reactivation stimulus. Lytic genes are transcribed in two distinct phases, differing in their reliance on protein synthesis, viral DNA replication and the essential initiator protein VP16. The first phase does not require viral proteins and has the appearance of a transient, widespread de-repression of the previously silent lytic genes. This allows synthesis of viral regulatory proteins including VP16, which accumulate in the cytoplasm of the host neuron. During the second phase, VP16 and its cellular cofactor HCF-1, which is also predominantly cytoplasmic, concentrate in the nucleus where they assemble an activator complex on viral promoters. The transactivation function supplied by VP16 promotes increased viral lytic gene transcription leading to the onset of genome amplification and the production of infectious viral particles. Thus regulated localization of de novo synthesized VP16 is likely to be a critical determinant of HSV-1 reactivation in sympathetic neurons.
Validation of the Simplified Motor Score in the Out-of-Hospital Setting for the Prediction of Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury

Study objective The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is widely used to assess patients with head injury but has been criticized for its complexity and poor interrater reliability. A 3-point Simplified Motor Score (SMS) (defined as obeys commands=2, localizes pain=1, and withdraws to pain or worse=0) was created to address these limitations. Our goal is to validate the SMS in the out-of-hospital setting, with the hypothesis that it is equivalent to the GCS score for discriminating brain injury outcomes. Methods This was a secondary analysis of an urban Level I trauma registry. Four outcomes and their composite were studied: emergency tracheal intubation, clinically meaningful brain injury, need for neurosurgical intervention, and mortality. The out-of-hospital GCS score and SMS were evaluated by comparing areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve with a paired nonparametric approach. Multiple imputation was used for missing data. A clinically significant difference in areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve was defined as greater than or equal to 0.05, according to previous literature. Results We included 19,408 patients, of whom 18% were tracheally intubated, 18% had brain injuries, 8% required neurosurgical intervention, and 6% died. The difference between the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the out-of-hospital GCS score and SMS was 0.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.01 to 0.11) for emergency tracheal intubation, 0.05 (95% CI 0 to 0.09) for brain injury, 0.04 (95% CI −0.01 to 0.09) for neurosurgical intervention, 0.08 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.15) for mortality, and 0.05 (95% CI 0 to 0.10) for the composite outcome. Conclusion In this external validation, SMS was similar to the GCS score for predicting outcomes in traumatic brain injury in the out-of-hospital setting.
The Role of Geriatrics in a Family Practice Residency Program

In an attempt to clarify the role of geriatrics in family practice, the program at St. Joseph's Hospital and Nursing Home of Yonkers is outlined. The objective of this Family Practice Program are: 1) to assist in identifying needs in a target population and in developing and providing services to meet these needs; 2) to train and educate the Family Practice resident in the multiple medical, social and psychiatric problems of late life; 3) to indoctrinate this resident in the unique and numerous needs of the institutional elderly and of the institution in which they reside; and 4) to develop new and comprehensive systems of health care that will permit the marginally ill elderly to remain in the community as long as possible.
Sense through the wall system development and design considerations

This paper presents system design challenges and issues with sensing through walls at different standoff distances and wall types. Efforts for developing sense through the wall (STTW) systems, such as those undertaken by the US Army Technology Objective (ATO) program, aim at providing the soldier with situational awareness information before breaching a building in a military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) environment. STTW capabilities also support law enforcement and search and rescue applications. Since 2002, extensive evaluations of STTW technologies, most notably those performed by the Communications Electronics, Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC) Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate (I2WD), have been made to determine which technology could be the most viable solution. After conducting comprehensive studies, I2WD initiated several Phase I efforts and Phase II efforts. The purpose behind both efforts was to develop various STTW technology demonstrators under a 5 year ATO. Many lessons learned during the development of Phase I systems were incorporated into the considerations for Phase II developments. This paper discusses design challenges and issues with sensing through walls at different standoff distances and wall types through lessons learned and results from modeling and simulations performed by the Army Research Laboratory.
When the Paradoxical is Ideal: Employees' Perceptions of Their Organizations, Work Units, and Ideal Workplaces

A multidimensional agency assessment instrument designed to assist administrators who are interested in engaging in the process of planned organizational change was tested in this study. A sample of workers playing a variety of helping roles within two social service organizations—one large public child welfare organization and one private nonprofit community-based organization—completed the instrument. Findings were consistent with the previous piloting of the instrument, demonstrating that organizations operate within cultures based in paradoxical assumptions.
Experimental evaluation of a preschool language curriculum: influence on children's expressive language skills

Purpose The primary purpose of this study was to investigate child impacts following implementation of a comprehensive language curriculum, the Language-Focused Curriculum (LFC; Bunce, 1995), withi...
Lake Proximity as a Determinant of Anuran Abundance at Lago Sachavacayoc, Amazonian Peru

ABSTRACT. Because anurans are highly dependent on water for hydroregulation and respiration, they may use microhabitats that are in proximity to standing water preferentially to other microhabitats, especially during dry periods. We examined the anuran assemblage of Sachavacayoc, Peru during the dry season to test if lake proximity, distance to trees, temperature, and humidity influenced anuran abundance and diversity in the leaf litter of a rainforest habitat. We conducted quadrat searches of paired plots at the shore of a lake and 25 m distant from the lake's shore. Both overall abundance of anurans and abundance of the most common species, Leptodactylus andreae, a terrestrial breeding species, were significantly higher in the lakeshore quadrats. Temperatures at capture sites in the shore quadrats were significantly higher; frogs were significantly closer to trees in the away-from-water quadrats. Humidities at points of capture did not differ significantly with quadrat position. For eight of the 14 spec...
An exact hard-spheres scattering model for the mobilities of polyatomic ions

Abstract We describe an exact hard-spheres scattering model for calculating the gas phase mobilities of polyatomic ions. Ion mobility measurements have recently been used to deduce structural information for clusters and biomolecules in the gas phase. In virtually all of the previous ion mobility studies, mobilities were evaluated for comparison with the experimental data using a projection approximation. Comparison of the collision integrals calculated using the exact hard-spheres scattering model with those estimated using the projection approximation shows that large deviations, over 20%, occur for some geometrics with grossly concave surfaces.
Flexible and personalizable mixed-initiative dialogue systems

This paper describes our vision for a future time when end users of mixed-initiative spoken dialogue systems will be able to dynamically configure the system to suit their personalized goals. We argue that spoken dialogue systems will only become a common utility in society once they can be reconfigured, essentially instantaneously, to support a new working vocabulary within a new domain or subdomain. For example, if a user is interested in restaurants in Seattle, the system would go off-line to gather information from resources such as the Web, and would infer from that knowledge an appropriate working vocabulary, language models, and dialogue control mechanism for a subsequent spoken conversation on this topic. In addition to painting this vision, the paper also discusses our recent research efforts directed towards the technology development necessary to realize this larger goal.
Immunophenotyping of congenital leukemia

Congenital leukemia is a rare but well-documented disease in which a leukemic process is detected at birth or very shortly thereafter. An estimated 175-200 reports of congenital leukemia have appeared in the literature. The majority of the cases reported have not undergone thorough immunophenotyping, but rather have been assigned lineage based on cytochemical and morphological studies. Historically, a large proportion of congenital leukemias have been thought to be of the myeloid lineage, in contrast to pediatric leukemias in general, which are primarily lymphoid. The precise proportions of the lineage assignments may be distorted by the inclusion of cases of transient myeloproliferative disorders (TMD) as congenital leukemia. The immunophenotyping data available to date suggest that congenital leukemias are phenotypically heterogeneous, lacking any common distinguishing markers. The prognosis for congenital leukemias is usually poor if leukemoid reactive processes, such as TMD, are carefully excluded.
Simple Statistical Analysis Techniques to Determine Optimum Sense Amp Set Times

Statistical analysis techniques are described, involving a relatively small number of actual circuit simulations, to accurately determine the optimum sense amp set time for SRAM designs. Techniques to generate and evaluate the statistical distributions for bit line leakage, signal development, sense amp asymmetry and timing fluctuations in control circuits are discussed with important implications to sense amp design. The procedure is outlined in detail using representative circuits and simulations from a 65 nm CMOS bulk technology.
Earnings Management and Auditor Quality

This paper analyzes the relationship between a firm’s demand for different quality auditors and opportunities for earnings management.In our model, the firm simultaneously chooses the bias it introduces into its pre-audited earnings and the quality of its auditor. We show that firms that choose a high level of bias also choose a low-quality auditor, even though the market-maker makes a correction for the level of residual bias in audited reports. Firms that choose a low level of bias choose a high-quality auditor. We also study the effect of changes in the regulatory environment on the market equilibrium. Our analysis shows that stricter regulation leads to more firms choosing low-quality auditors, thus it is not in the interest of high quality auditors to support such measures.
Steady flow development past valve prostheses in a model human aorta—I. Centrally occluding valves

In this paper, laser-Doppler anemometry measurement of steady flow development in a model human aorta has been reported. Studies were made with uniform entry flow at the root of the aorta and our measurements showed the establishment of a pair of Dean vortices in the mid-arch region. Subsequently, the nature of flow development past centrally occluding caged ball valves in the model aorta was investigated. Our studies showed that in the ascending aorta, an asymmetric velocity profile is obtained with larger velocity gradients towards the inner wall of tertiary curvature (anatomically the left lateral wall) with centrally occluding valves. The peripheral flow past these valves prevented the development of Dean vortices in the mid-arch region. The caged ball valves at the root of the aorta had no discernible effect on the velocity profiles in the brachio-cephalic artery.
Transformation by pp60src or stimulation of cells with epidermal growth factor induces the stable association of tyrosine-phosphorylated cellular proteins with GTPase-activating protein.

Abstract GTPase-activating protein (GAP) is a cytosolic protein that stimulates the rate of hydrolysis of GTP (GTP to GDP) bound to normal p21ras, but does not catalyze the hydrolysis of GTP bound to oncogenic, activated forms of the ras protein. Transformation of cells with v-src or activated transforming variants of c-src or stimulation of cells with epidermal growth factor resulted in the stable association of GAP with two tyrosine-phosphorylated cellular proteins of 64 kDa (p64) and 190 kDa (p190). Analysis of GAP immune complexes isolated from extracts of metabolically labeled src-transformed cells and epidermal growth factor-stimulated cells indicated that tyrosine phosphorylation of p64 and p190 appeared to be coincident with the stable association of these proteins with GAP. Quantitation of the amount of p64 associated with GAP in v-src-transformed cells, however, indicated that only 15 to 25% of tyrosine-phosphorylated p64 was found in complex with GAP. Mutations within the SH2 region of pp60src that render activated pp60src defective for transformation inhibited the efficient formation of complexes between GAP and the tyrosine-phosphorylated forms of p64 and p190. From these data, we suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation and stable association of p64 with GAP is an important step in mediating cellular signaling through the p21ras-GAP pathway.
Expression of Wnt pathway genes in polyps and medusa‐like structures of Ectopleura larynx (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)

SUMMARY The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is conserved in its role in axial patterning throughout Metazoa. In some hydrozoans (Phylum Cnidaria), Wnt signaling is implicated in oral–aboral patterning of the different life cycle stages—the planula, polyp and medusa. Unlike most hydrozoans, members of Aplanulata lack a planula larva and the polyp instead develops directly from a brooded or encysted embryo. The Aplanulata species Ectopleura larynx broods such embryos within gonophores. These gonophores are truncated medusae that remain attached to the polyps from which they bud, and retain evolutionary remnants of medusa structures. In E. larynx, gonophores differ between males and females in their degree of medusa truncation, making them an ideal system for examining truncated medusa development. Using next-generation sequencing, we isolated genes from Wnt signaling pathways and examined their expression in E. larynx. Our data are consistent with the Wnt pathway being involved in axial patterning of the polyp and truncated medusa. Changes in the spatial expression of Wnt pathway genes are correlated with the development of different oral structures in male and female gonophores. The absence of expression of components of the Wnt pathway and presence of a Wnt pathway antagonist SFRP in the developing anterior end of the gonophore suggest that downregulation of the Wnt pathway could play a role in medusa reduction in E. larynx.
A hydrocode equation of state for SiO2

The thermodynamic properties of SiO2 are approximated over a range of pressures and temperatures important under the extreme conditions achieved in impacts at typical solar system velocities from 5 to about 70 km/s. The liquid/vapor phase curve and critical point of SiO2 are computed using the equation of state (EOS) program ANEOS. To achieve this goal, two shortcomings of ANEOS are corrected. ANEOS, originally developed at Sandia National Laboratories to describe metals, treats the vapor phase as a monatomic mixture of atoms, rather than molecular clusters. It also assumes a Morse potential for the expanded solid state. Neither of these assumptions is accurate for geologic materials, such as SiO2, that contain molecular clusters in the vapor phase and are better described by a Mie-type potential in the solid state. Using the updates described here, an EOS adequate for numerical hydrocode computations is constructed that agrees well with shock data at pressures up to at least 600 GPa and temperatures up to 50,000 K. This EOS also gives a good representation of the liquid/vapor transition at much lower pressures and temperatures. The estimated critical point parameters for SiO2 are Pc = 0.19 GPa, Tc = 5400K, ρc = 550 kg/m^3.
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Immediately following Rapid Protamine Administration

OBJECTIVE:To report the case of a rare, potentially preventable, immediate noncardiogenic pulmonary edema reaction to the rapid administration of protamine during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.CASE SUMMARY:A 74-year-old white man was administered a 250-mg bolus of protamine sulfate toward the end of CABG surgery to reverse the heparin anticoagulation. Immediately following the administration of protamine, oxygen saturation declined, pink frothy sputum was suctioned from the trachea, and 1500 mL of serous fluid was removed from the airway. The patient was stabilized, but the surgeons were unable to close his chest because of the profound edema. Chest closure occurred on hospital day 6, with discharge from the intensive care unit on hospital day 28.DISCUSSION:Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema is a rare adverse event that occurs in 0.2% of cardiopulmonary bypass patients, with mortality rates approaching 30%. Complement activation or direct pharmacologic release of histamine by high concentrations...
Scalable Photonic Interconnection Network With Multiple-Layer Configuration for Warehouse-Scale Networks

A scalable and flexible photonic interconnection network architecture suitable for warehouse-scale networks is proposed. The architecture comprises three functional layers: physical, optical, and logical layers. The network topologies achieved at the layers are tree in the physical layer; hypercube in the optical layer; and relatively lower dimensional topologies like two-dimensional mesh, tree, and ring in the logical layer. The application of the appropriate network configuration in each layer by making good use of wavelength division multiplexing technology realizes a truly scalable and flexible network. Evaluation of the physical link requirements reveals the scalability of the proposed network architecture.
25-channel nematic liquid-crystal optical time-delay unit characterization

A 25-channel, 1-bit, free-space, nematic liquid crystal (NLCU) spatial light modulator (SLM)-based optical time delay unit (OTDU) is demonstrated with worst case electrical signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's) ranging from 50-60 dB for various delay/no-delay modes of operation and with a worst case -42,3-dB electrical channel isolation/crosstalk level. For comparison, single channel performance neglecting crosstalk noise but including within-channel leakage noise gives electrical SNR's from 74-85 dB, indicating that the leakage signal in this OTDU is minimal compared to crosstalk, To lower crosstalk, path-difference compensated imaging optics must be used by the OTDU. >
A fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm for real-time periodic tasks with possible software faults

A hard real-time system is usually subject to stringent reliability and timing constraints. One way to avoid missing deadlines is to trade the quality of computation results for timeliness, and software fault tolerance is often achieved with the use of redundant programs. A deadline mechanism which combines these two methods is proposed to provide software fault tolerance in hard real-time periodic task systems. We consider the problem of scheduling a set of real-time periodic tasks each of which has two versions: primary and alternate. The primary version contains more functions and produces good quality results, but its correctness is more difficult to verify. The alternate version contains only the minimum required functions and produces less precise results and its correctness is easy to verify. We propose a scheduling algorithm which 1) guarantees either the primary or alternate version of each critical task to be completed in time and 2) attempts to complete as many primaries as possible. Our basic algorithm uses a fixed priority-driven preemptive scheduling scheme to preallocate time intervals to the alternates and, at runtime, attempts to execute primaries first. An alternate will be executed only if necessary because of time or bugs.
Implications for the role of endogenous nitric oxide inhibitors in hemodialysis hypotension.

Hypotensive episodes during hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease in the absence of inadequate maintenance of the plasma volume, preexistence of cardiovascular disease, or autonomic nervous system dysfunction is accompanied by increase in the plasma concentrations of the end-products of nitric oxide metabolism, above the levels expected based on the reduction of urea. Factors that can influence the synthesis of nitric oxide or the regulation of the effects of this free radical in patients with chronic renal failure are reviewed. Convergence of these factors and their interactions during the hemodialysis procedure are discussed as the basis for the generation of excessive amounts of nitric oxide that serves as an important contributing factor in the development of symptomatic hypotension.
Do British Party Politics Exhibit Cycles

Evidence for long-term cycles in the parliamentary seat share of the major British parties is presented in this article. Spectral analysis of data from 1832 to 2005 suggests a cycle period of about twenty-eight years, similar to findings in US studies and to cycle-length estimates restricted to the post-1950 period in Britain. A four-parameter voter–party interaction model developed by Merrill, Grofman and Brunell is adapted and applied to Britain. That model depends on tensions between parties’ policy and office motivations and between voters’ tendency to sustain the governing party while reacting against non-centrist policies. The model operates homeostatically, projects patterns consistent with the empirical record and fits the data better than models based on economic factors or autoregressive predictions.
Amino acid type determination in the sequential assignment procedure of uniformly 13C/15N-enriched proteins.

SUMMARY Experiments and procedures are described that greatly alleviate the sequential assignment process of uniformly 13C/LSN-enriched proteins by determining the type of amino acid from experiments that correlate side chain with backbone amide resonances. A recently proposed 3D NMR experiment, CBCA(CO)NH, correlates C a and C ~ resonances to the backbone amide ~H and 15N resonances of the next residue (Grzesiek, S. and Bax, A. (1992) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 6291-6293). An extension of this experiment is described which correlates the proton H 0 and H ~ resonances to the amide ~H and 15N resonances of the next amino acid, and a detailed product operator description is given. A simple 2D-edited constant-time HSQC experiment is described which rapidly identifies H ~ and C ~ resonances of aromatic or Asn/Asp residues. The extent to which combined knowledge of the C ~ and C 0 chemical shift values determines the amino acid type is investigated, and it is demonstrated that the combined C ~ and C ~ chemical shifts of three or four adjacent residues usually are sufficient for defining a unique position in the protein sequence.
Characterization of InGaP heterojunction emitter quantum dot solar cells

Heterojunction emitter InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells (QDSC) with an In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P (InGaP) n-type emitter and p-type GaAs base were fabricated along with homojunction nip solar cells in order to enable sub-cell polarity compatibility of InAs/GaAs QDSCs with current state-of-the-art monolithic InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple junction solar cells for space applications and to investigate potential dark current suppression effects and electronic field enhancement effects on carrier collection in InAs/GaAs QDSC. Quantum dot solar cells with one-Sun AM0 open circuit voltages greater than 970 mV were fabricated as compared to a 1.020 V heterojunction emitter ‘control’ sample. Preliminary testing showed a reduction in short circuit current density from homojunction to heterojunction GaAs solar cells, primarily from changes in reflection and uncollected absorption in the InGaP emitter.
Fibromuscular dysplasia in association with intrauterine cocaine exposure.

Abstract Background Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic disease of small- and medium-sized arteries, involving one or more vascular beds. Patients may present with a range of symptoms, which may not readily lead to a diagnosis of FMD. While maternal cocaine abuse during pregnancy has previously been associated with vascular alterations in the fetus, an association specifically with FMD has not previously been described. Methods/Results In this case report, a 21-month-old male presented with a 3-week history of daily vomiting, with temporary improvement of symptoms, then relapse followed by loss of consciousness. His medical history was significant only for maternal cocaine use. Clinical evaluation revealed dilated cardiomyopathy, and a presumptive diagnosis of myocarditis was rendered. Respiratory arrest and death occurred 2 days after admission. Postmortem examination demonstrated intimal-type multivessel FMD, which was determined to be the cause of the clinical presentation. Conclusion Without a postmortem examination, it is unlikely that a diagnosis of intimal fibroplasia, a rare variant of FMD (5% of cases), would have been made. This case thus illustrates the continuing utility of the classic postmortem examination. More intriguingly, the case suggests a possible relationship between in utero cocaine exposure and the development of fibromuscular dysplasia in the child.
Adding the Temporal Dimension to Search " A Case Study in Publication Search

The most well known search techniques are perhaps the PageRank and HITS algorithms. In this paper we argue that these algorithms miss an important dimension, the temporal dimension. Quality pages in the past may not be quality pages now or in the future. These techniques favor older pages because these pages have many in-links accumulated over time. New pages, which may be of high quality, have few or no in-links and are left behind. Research publication search has the same problem. If we use the PageRank or HITS algorithm, those older or classic papers will be ranked high due to the large number of citations that they received in the past. This paper studies the temporal dimension of search in the context of research publication. A number of methods are proposed to deal with the problem based on analyzing the behavior history and the source of each publication. These methods are evaluated empirically. Our results show that they are highly effective.
Joint source-channel decoding of speech spectrum parameters over an AWGN channel using Gaussian mixture models

We show how the Gaussian mixture modelling framework used to develop efficient source encoding schemes can be further exploited to model source statistics during channel decoding in an iterative framework to develop an effective joint source-channel decoding scheme. The joint probability density function (PDF) of successive source frames is modelled as a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Based on previous work, the marginal source statistics provided by the GMM is used at the encoder to design a low-complexity memoryless source encoding scheme. The source encoding scheme has the specific advantage of providing good estimates to the probability of occurrence of a given source code-point based on the GMM. The proposed iterative decoding procedure works with any channel code whose decoder can implement the soft-output Viterbi algorithm that uses a priori information (APRI-SOVA) to provide extrinsic information on each source encoded bit. The source decoder uses the GMM model and the channel decoder output to provide a priori information back to the channel decoder. Decoding is done in an iterative manner by trading extrinsic information between the source and channel decoders. Experimental results showing improved decoding performance are provided in the application of speech spectrum parameter compression and communication.
Application of Electimize in Solving the Construction Site Layout Planning Optimization Problem

In any construction project, site layout planning (SLP) is a critical step that maximizes the efficiency in executing different project activities. The allocation of different facilities on site is often a complicated problem that requires extensive effort in computer modeling and long processing time to find the optimum solution. The main objective of a SLP problem is minimizing the travel distance between facilities and material handling, which in turn minimizes the overall time and cost of executing the project. The SLP is a cumbersome problem as it is classified as an NP-hard problem that belongs to the class of dynamic optimization. This paper presents the testing and the application of a newly developed evolutionary algorithm – named Electimize- in solving NP-hard dynamic optimization problems in construction engineering. Electimize simulates the phenomenon of the electric current conduction through the flow of electrons in the branches of the electric circuit. The basic advantage of Electimize over other evolutionary algorithms (EAs) lies in its ability to evaluate the quality of each value in the solution string independently. This paper primarily focuses on: 1) The basic steps of optimization using Electimize; 2) SLP problem modeling using Electimize; and 3) Testing the capability of the Electimize in solving NP-hard dynamic optimization problem in construction engineering. Electimize was applied to a benchmark SLP problem from the literature. The problem was attempted in the past using mathematical techniques, and evolutionary algorithms. The results showed that Electimize outperformed other algorithms by identifying a new optimal site layout of the facilities of the problem.
Motion-compensated orthogonal transforms for multiview video coding

This paper discusses coding of multiview video with motion-compensated orthogonal transforms. These transforms have recently been introduced to generate strictly orthonormal decompositions of image sequences. Orthonormality is maintained for arbitrary motion compensation among the images. This is of particular interest for coding applications as motion compensation is inaccurate due to quantization of motion information. This is in contrast to the well known motion-compensated lifted wavelets where the properties of the decomposition are motion-dependent. This disadvantage affects compression efficiency and in particular that of multiview video signals. Multiview video coding schemes utilize motion and disparity compensation when decomposing the multiview imagery into view-temporal subbands. Usually decompositions in time and view direction are cascaded. Motion-compensated lifted wavelets suffer from their motion-dependent decomposition and in particular if cascaded for multiview video coding. On the other hand motion and disparity compensated orthogonal transforms offer the advantage that the overall decomposition is still strictly orthonormal. This paper investigates the advantages of strict orthonormality that is offered by motion-compensated orthogonal transforms.
Materials Issues for PFBC Expander Turbines

Several large pressurized fluidized bed combustion systems have recently been installed. In addition, second-generation concepts are being developed, in which the turbine inlet temperature will be appreciably higher. The durability of the gas turbine expander remains a question for the technology, and experience is limited. The available information is presented, and the potential problems of erosion, corrosion, and erosion/corrosion are discussed.Copyright © 1990 by ASME
Arabidopsis TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL5 Interacts with TGD1, TGD2, and TGD4 to Facilitate Lipid Transfer from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Plastids

The biogenesis of photosynthetic membranes in the plastids of higher plants requires an extensive supply of lipid precursors from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Four TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL (TGD) proteins (TGD1,2,3,4) have thus far been implicated in this lipid transfer process. While TGD1, TGD2, and TGD3 constitute an ATP binding cassette transporter complex residing in the plastid inner envelope, TGD4 is a transmembrane lipid transfer protein present in the outer envelope. These observations raise questions regarding how lipids transit across the aqueous intermembrane space. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel Arabidopsis thaliana gene, TGD5. Disruption of TGD5 results in similar phenotypic effects as previously described in tgd1,2,3,4 mutants, including deficiency of ER-derived thylakoid lipids, accumulation of oligogalactolipids, and triacylglycerol. Genetic analysis indicates that TGD4 is epistatic to TGD5 in ER-to-plastid lipid trafficking, whereas double mutants of a null tgd5 allele with tgd1-1 or tgd2-1 show a synergistic embryo-lethal phenotype. TGD5 encodes a small glycine-rich protein that is localized in the envelope membranes of chloroplasts. Coimmunoprecipitation assays show that TGD5 physically interacts with TGD1, TGD2, TGD3, and TGD4. Collectively, these results suggest that TGD5 facilitates lipid transfer from the outer to the inner plastid envelope by bridging TGD4 with the TGD1,2,3 transporter complex.
The Metallic Face of Boron

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the metallic face of boron. The properties of the element are reviewed and an idea of the relationship of boron to the other elements in terms of metallic character is presented. The chapter presents structural evidence delineating the similarities and differences of borane and transition metal species. Pertinent examples from metallaborane chemistry demonstrate real bridges between the two distinct areas. Both discrete and solid state systems are discussed in the chapter and the transition metal borides constitute bridges in the latter case. Despite real differences, because of the differing electronic structures of the atoms, there are a considerable number of similarities between the structural elements of the discrete complexes and the repeating units in the solid state. This theme receives further emphasis in a discussion of discrete transition metal borides that constitute links between molecular species and solid state structures with extended bonding networks. The chapter presents a brief discussion on how such discrete metallaboranes provide a logical preparative approach to solid state materials containing transition metals and boron.
Progressive Differentiation and Instructive Capacities of Amniotic Fluid and Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomes following Neural Tube Closure

After neural tube closure, amniotic fluid (AF) captured inside the neural tube forms the nascent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Neuroepithelial stem cells contact CSF-filled ventricles, proliferate, and differentiate to form the mammalian brain, while neurogenic placodes, which generate cranial sensory neurons, remain in contact with the AF. Using in vivo ultrasound imaging, we quantified the expansion of the embryonic ventricular-CSF space from its inception. We developed tools to obtain pure AF and nascent CSF, before and after neural tube closure, and to define how the AF and CSF proteomes diverge during mouse development. Using embryonic neural explants, we demonstrate that age-matched fluids promote Sox2-positive neurogenic identity in developing forebrain and olfactory epithelia. Nascent CSF also stimulates SOX2-positive self-renewal of forebrain progenitor cells, some of which is attributable to LIFR signaling. Our Resource should facilitate the investigation of fluid-tissue interactions during this highly vulnerable stage of early brain development.
FRIED FOODS AND THE RISK OF COLON CANCER

High-temperature cooking of foods produces a variety of mutagenic substances. Because of the association of such substances with carcinogenesis, the authors used a case-control study of colon cancer conducted in Utah between 1977 and 1979 with 246 cases and 484 controls to test the hypothesis that persons with colon cancer would report more frequent use of fried and broiled meats. Intake of food was measured by a food frequency questionnaire which focused on food use five years before the interview. For men, the odds ratios for the highest level of use were 1.2 (90% confidence interval (CI): 0.8-1.9) for fried meats and 0.7 (90% CI: 0.5-1.0) for broiled meats; for women, the odds ratios were 1.3 (90% CI: 0.8-2.1) for fried meats and 1.1 (90% CI: 0.7-1.7) for broiled meats. The reported use of fried and broiled vegetables was too infrequent to permit evaluation. The authors conclude that the ingestion of fried and broiled meats five years before diagnosis of colon cancer had little influence on the development of this cancer.
Impact of Bilayer Lipid Composition on the Structure and Topology of the Transmembrane Amyloid Precursor C99 Protein

C99 (also known as β-CTF) is the 99 residue transmembrane C-terminal domain (residues 672–770) of the amyloid precursor protein and is the immediate precursor of the amyloid-β (Aβ) polypeptides. To test the dependence of the C99 structure on the composition of the host model membranes, NMR studies of C99 were conducted both in anionic lyso-myristoylphosphatidylglycerol (LMPG) micelles and in a series of five zwitterionic bicelle compositions involving phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in which the acyl chain lengths of these lipid components varied from 14 to 24 carbons. Some of these mixtures are reported for the first time in this work and should be of broad utility in membrane protein research. The site-specific backbone 15N and 1H chemical shifts for C99 in LMPG and in all five bicelle mixtures were seen to be remarkably similar, indicating little dependence of the backbone structure of C99 on the composition of the host model membrane. However, the length of the transmembrane span was seen to var...
Evaluation of safe passage alternatives for non-motorized traffic across an existing highway bridge

Abstract In the past, the primary focus of the transportation industry was safety and emission. At present, the focus is much broader and includes social sustainability in transportation equity, environmental justice, and public health. Hence, the emphasis is on increasing physical activities and expanding access to essential goods and services through non-motorized modes. Non-motorized transportation increases mobility choices, relieves congestion, promotes local economy, reduces greenhouse gas emission, promotes a healthy lifestyle, and improves quality of life. However, a majority of highway bridges on planned or existing non-motorized paths have become bottle-necks, and discourages efficient use of such facilities. At present, highway agencies evaluate bridge sites on a case-by-case basis to identify alternatives to provide non-motorized access across the bridges. Later, these alternatives with cost estimates are used for funding proposals. Hence, the need is to have a methodological process to evaluate a bridge site for the best possible alternatives and to develop cost estimates for funding proposals. This article presents safe passage alternatives for non-motorized traffic across an existing bridge, alternative analysis methodology, and an implementation example.
Advanced Laser Therapy for Cutaneous Vascular Lesions of the Eyelid and Face

Laser therapy is the preferred treatment for many cutaneous vascular lesions, including those of the head and neck. Over the past 50 years, medical lasers have evolved from a relatively crude application of high technology to a wide variety of sophisticated, technologically mature devices. With proper technique and safety precautions, modern laser therapy offers safe, noninvasive, and efficacious treatment of vascular lesions that may be otherwise untreatable. This chapter reviews the principles behind laser therapy and applies these principles clinically to the treatment of commonly encountered vascular lesions.