cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning of human myelin-associated glycoprotein.

The nucleotide sequence for human myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and its deduced amino acid sequence, obtained by analysis of two overlapping cDNA clones isolated from a human brain cDNA library, is presented and compared to that reported for rat MAG. The sequence provides an open reading frame of 1,878 nucleotides encoding a peptide of 626 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 69.1 kD. It is 89% homologous in nucleotide sequence to the large isoform of rat MAG, with 95% homology in the amino acid sequence. It contains 9 potential glycosylation sites, one more than in rat, and shares other key features with rat MAG, including 5 immunoglobulin-like regions of internal homology, an RGD sequence, and potential phosphorylation sites. Its structure appears to be highly conserved in evolution, possibly suggesting a close interdependence between its structure and function. The human gene is located on the proximal long arm of chromosome 19 (19q12 q13.2).
Characterization of the regulation and function of zinc‐dependent histone deacetylases during rodent liver regeneration

The studies reported here were undertaken to define the regulation and functional importance of zinc-dependent histone deacetylase (Zn-HDAC) activity during liver regeneration using the mouse partial hepatectomy (PH) model. The results showed that hepatic HDAC activity was significantly increased in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions following PH. Further analyses showed isoform-specific effects of PH on HDAC messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, with increased expression of the class I HDACs, 1 and 8, and class II HDAC4 in regenerating liver. Hepatic expression of (class II) HDAC5 was unchanged after PH; however, HDAC5 exhibited transient nuclear accumulation in regenerating liver. These changes in hepatic HDAC expression, subcellular localization, and activity coincided with diminished histone acetylation in regenerating liver. The significance of these events was investigated by determining the effects of suberoylanilide hydroxyamic acid (SAHA, a specific inhibitor of Zn-HDAC activity) on hepatic regeneration. The results showed that SAHA treatment suppressed the effects of PH on histone deacetylation and hepatocellular bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Further examination showed that SAHA blunted hepatic expression and activation of cell cycle signals downstream of induction of cyclin D1 expression in mice subjected to PH. Conclusion: The data reported here demonstrate isoform-specific regulation of Zn-HDAC expression, subcellular localization, and activity in regenerating liver. These studies also indicate that HDAC activity promotes liver regeneration by regulating hepatocellular cell cycle progression at a step downstream of cyclin D1 induction. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
An Investigation of a Community-based Intervention for Socially Isolated Parents with a History of Child Maltreatment

A randomized field trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of a community-based intervention to enhance the prosocial interaction and psychological well-being of urban, Head Start parents with a history of child maltreatment. One-hundred and sixteen socially isolated parents participated. Forty of these parents had a history of child maltreatment. Maltreatment and non-maltreatment parents were assigned randomly to intervention and control conditions. The intervention involved 10 group-training sessions focusing on the relationship between stress and social support. Analyses revealed a significant main effect for the intervention group with intervention parents reporting lower levels of stress and higher levels of social activity than controls. No main effects for maltreatment status or maltreatment by intervention group interactions were found. Implications for community-based treatment were discussed.
Advanced ovarian cancer: primary treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy can each palliate advanced ovarian cancer. A combination of these needs assessment. Sixty patients with pelvic or abdominal dissemination received postoperative irradiation. Fifteen Stage II and 19 Stage III patients having more than half the tumor excised and no palpable disease postoperatively (Group A) had median survival times (MST) of 39 and 26 months. The MST of 26 Stage III patients with palpable masses (Group B) was 9.5 months. Thirteen Group A patients receiving irradiation plus mustard therapy had a MST of 64+ months while 19 Group A patients with irradiation alone had a MST of 26 months. The mean free interval to recurrence was 18.5 months in the former category and 13.5 months in the latter (p = .02). In Group B, similar response rates occurred with irradiation or irradiation plus mustard therapy, but the latter regimen induced more complete responses of greater duration with doubling of the MST. These findings suggest that survival time in advanced ovarian cancer is inversely proportional to the residual tumor volume after primary therapy, and reduction in tumor volume by surgery and irradiation is enhanced by chemotherapy.
A computational study of active set strategies in nonlinear programming with linear constraints

An essential part of many iterative methods for linearly constrained nonlinear programming problems is a procedure for determining those inequality constraints which will be “active” (that is, satisfied as equalities) at each iteration. We discuss experiments in which we used several strategies for identifying active constraints in conjunction with two well-known algorithms for linearly constrained optimization. The results indicate that in most cases a strategy which keeps the number of constraints in the active set as small as possible is computationally most efficient.
Non-hydrogenated cottonseed oil as a deep-fat frying medium

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to compare the oxidative stability of non‐hydrogenated cottonseed oil with that of the partially hydrogenated oils commonly used as a deep‐fat frying medium by the restaurant industry when used to prepare French fries in order to reduce trans‐fatty acids.Design/methodology/approach – Stability characteristics of non‐hydrogenated cottonseed oil and two hydrogenated oils, canola and soybean, were evaluated in deep‐fat frying applications. French fries were analyzed for total polar compounds, and the oils were analyzed for iodine, peroxide, p‐anisidine and totox values, and free fatty acids.Findings – Canola and soybean oil had significantly lower iodine values than cottonseed oil. Free fatty acid values were not significantly different among the oils (0.256 per cent oleic acid). Initially cottonseed oil had higher peroxide, p‐anisidine, and totox values compared with canola and soybean oil. However, as days of frying increased, values trended closer together. Total pol...
Computational study of the absorption spectra of green fluorescent protein mutants.

In this work, we present a theoretical study of the relationship between molecular structure and the red-shift in absorption spectra of S65G and S65T green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutants. To identify the effects of the protein environment, we combined results from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations to obtain structural properties, and applied time-dependent density functional theory to calculate the excitation energies. By using results from the MD simulations, we were able to provide a systematic analysis of the structural details that may effect the red-shift in the absorption spectra when taking into account temperature effects. Furthermore, a detailed study of hydrogen bonding during the MD simulations demonstrated differences between S65G and S65T, for example, regarding hydrogen bonding with Glu222. An analysis of the absorption spectra for different forms of the chromophore emphasized the dominance of the anionic forms in solution for the S65G and S65T GFP mutants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 253–263, 2007. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Serum concentrations of estradiol progesterone and levonorgestrel are not determinants of endometrial histology or abnormal bleeding in long-term Norplant implant users.

At the gynecologic clinic of San Francisco General Hospital in California 18 women aged 27-44 who had used Norplant contraceptive implants for the full 5 years of effectiveness and who had at least 1 year of recurrent episodes of vaginal bleeding agreed to have an endometrial biopsy and a venipuncture for determination of serum estradiol progesterone and levonorgestrel levels. Investigators wanted to learn whether hormonal factors contributed to abnormal bleeding patterns in women who had used levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants for 5 years. At the time of biopsy and venipuncture 13 (72%) women had normal bleeding patterns. Two women had no apparent follicular activity. Six other women (44%) had a low estradiol level (i.e. <100 pg/ml). 14 women (77%) had no signs of luteal development (i.e. progesterone level <3 ng/ml). None of the women had hyperplastic endometrium. The endometrial index was used to describe endometrial histology and ranged from secretory to proliferated characteristics of the endometrium. It differed significantly between Norplant users with normal bleeding and those with abnormal bleeding (0.32 [a mixture of secretory and proliferative characteristics but especially secretory characteristics] vs. 0.9 [close to full proliferation of the endometrium]; p < 0.01). Serum estradiol progesterone and levonorgestrel levels were not significantly different between the two groups. These findings suggest that a proliferative endometrium rather than sex steroid levels was linked to abnormal bleeding. Thus abnormal bleeding among long-term Norplant users is probably not a risk factor for developing endometrial cancer.
Introduction to Dr. Choi’s Feature Section

Byung Ihn Choi, M.D., Ph.D. is a world renowned radiologist with widely ranging achievements in abdominal imaging, and a particular expertise in hepatobiliary disease (Fig. 1). To selectively list only some of his accomplishments and contributions is to indicate his productivity in clinical and scientific research, teaching, and administration not only domestically but internationally as well, in ceaselessly advancing the goals of imaging. Dr. Choi is president of the Asian Oceanian Society of Radiology (AOSR), the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL), president-elect of the Asian Society of Abdominal Radiology (ASAR), and immediate past president of the Asian Federation of Societies of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (AFSUMB). Past chair of the Department of Radiology at the Seoul National University, he is also a former president of the Korean Society of Radiology (KSR), Korean Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (KSUM) and Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology (KSAR) and first vice president of the World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) and a member of the executive committee of the International Society of Radiology (ISR). In 2007, the RSNA awarded him honorary membership, a distinction he has been given by ten other international and regional societies. He has authored more than 300 scientific papers and 28 textbook chapters and presented more than 250 lectures internationally. I first personally met Professor Choi in 1986 in Seoul and he has served as a long-standing distinguished member of Abdominal Imaging’s editorial board, so it is a particular pleasure and honor to introduce him to the journal’s readership as Guest Editor of this issue’s Feature Section. He has compiled an outstanding presentation of precision and insight that serves as today’s paradigm.
Converting Taxonomic Descriptions to New Digital Formats

Abstract.--The majority of taxonomic descriptions is currently in print format. The majority of digital descriptions are in formats such as DOC, HTML, or PDF and for human readers. These formats do not convey rich semantics in taxonomic descriptions for computer-aided process. Newer digital formats such as XML and RDF accommodate semantic annotations that allow computers to process the rich semantics on human's behalf, thus open up opportunities for a wide range of innovative usages of taxonomic descriptions, such as searching in more precise and flexible ways, integrating with gnomic and geographic information, generating taxonomic keys automatically, and text data mining and information visualization etc. This paper discusses the challenges in automated conversion of multiple collections of descriptions to XML format and reports an automated system, MARTT. MARTT is a machine-learning system that makes use of training examples to tag new descriptions into XML format. A number of utilities are implemented as solutions to the challenges. The utilities are used to reduce the effort for training example preparation, to facilitate the creation of a comprehensive schema, and to predict system performance on a new collection of descriptions. The system has been tested with several plant and alga taxonomic publications including Flora of China and Flora of North America.
A Comparison of International Child Care and US Child Care Using the Child Care Aware — NACCRRA Child Care Benchmarks

This is a first of its kind study comparing the USA to other world countries utilizing the Child Care Aware — NACCRRA (National Association of Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies) Child Care Benchmarks related to health and safety rules and regulations. A team of researchers analyzed the child care/early care & education rules and regulations from the USA and a selected group of countries to do a comparative analysis using the Child Care Aware — NACCRRA benchmarking scoring protocol. The results from the analyses were somewhat unexpected in that the scores between the USA and the other countries were not as statistically significant in the overall scores. However, when more specific benchmarks were compared statistically significant differences did appear in the health & safety and professional development areas.
Galerkin finite-element simulation of a geothermal reservoir

Abstract The equations describing fluid flow and energy transport in a porous medium can be used to formulate a mathematical model capable of simulating the transient response of a hot-water geothermal reservoir. The resulting equations can be solved accurately and efficiently using a numerical scheme which combines the finite element approach with the Galerkin method of approximation. Application of this numerical model to the Wairakei geothermal field demonstrates that hot-water geothermal fields can be simulated using numerical techniques currently available and under development.
Existence and explicit determination of optimal stopping times

Abstract We consider large classes of continuous time optimal stopping problems for which we establish the existence and form of the optimal stopping times. These optimal times are then used to find approximate optimal solutions for a class of discrete time problems.
Developing marketing strategies for green grocers: An application of SERVQUAL

Successful food retailing depends to a significant degree on providing a positive shopping environment for consumers+ The SERVQUAL format is one way of gathering information about shoppers’ideal and actual ratings of an outlet’s characteristics+ Three modifications of the conventional application of the questionnaire are described+ Implementation of the methodology is shown to be an effective tool for a retailer to identify strengths and weaknesses with respect to patrons’ evaluations of outlet characteristics+ Six green grocers were selected to reflect the diversity of outlets in a state, and the survey was conducted in the spring of 2000+ Results indicate consumer ratings vary by feature group for ideal, actual, and actual minus ideal subgroup scores+ The information can be used to generate better store-specific strategies to meet consumer expectations+ @EconLit citations: C42, Q13+# © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc+ Consumer awareness of the benefits of fresh produce consumption is increasing as national programs ~e+g+, 5-A-Day and the Food Pyramid! and media coverage of the results of new health studies reach more people+ Such information is consistent with the rise in per capita consumption of fresh produce+ At the same time, changes in production and distribution of fresh produce have enabled year-round availability of many commodities+However, changes in the commercial produce distribution system have made it difficult for many consumers to find locally grown fresh produce in season at large retail outlets, such as supermarkets and supercenters+ A large part of the problem is due to smaller volume produce operations having difficulty gaining access to the commercial distribution system ~e+g+, Calvin et al+, 2001!, although there are instances of large chains of food retailers that do have procurement of local supplies when available+ Smaller growers have trouble covering costs associated with providing marketing services and incentives required
HuD stimulates translation via eIF4A.

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Fukao et al. (2009) report that HuD upregulates mRNA translation through direct interaction with eIF4A in the 5′ cap-binding complex, revealing a posttranscriptional role for HuD in neuronal development and plasticity.
The measurement of activity contained in a 32P stainless-steel stent by destructive assay

Abstract Destructive assays of stainless-steel stents containing 32P were performed. Prior to assay, 24 stents were intercompared on a NaI(Tl) well-type crystal. A subset of stents were then digested in a suitable carrier solution by the addition of concentrated hydrofluoric acid. The final solution was measured by the CIEMAT/NIST tritium efficiency tracing method for liquid scintillation counting. A separate experiment was performed which indicated no loss of activity during stent digestion. Expanded (k=2) uncertainties on stent activity ranged from 1.0% to 2.6%.
Responses of Arthropods to large scale manipulations of dead wood in loblolly pine stands of the southeastern United States

Large-scale experimental manipulations of dead wood are needed to better understand its importance to animal communities in managed forests. In this experiment, we compared the abundance, species richness, diversity, and composition of arthropods in 9.3-ha plots in which either (1) all coarse woody debris was removed, (2) a large number of logs were added, (3) a large number of snags were added, or (4) no coarse woody debris was added or removed. The target taxa were ground-dwelling arthropods, sampled by pitfall traps, and saproxylic beetles (i.e., dependent on dead wood), sampled by flight intercept traps and emergence traps. There were no differences in total ground-dwelling arthropod abundance, richness, diversity, or composition among treatments. Only the results for ground beetles (Carabidae), which were more species rich and diverse in log input plots, supported our prediction that ground-dwelling arthropods would benefit from additions of dead wood. There were also no differences in saproxylic beetle abundance, richness, diversity, or composition among treatments. The findings from this study are encouraging in that arthropods seem less sensitive than expected to manipulations of dead wood in managed pine forests of the southeastern United States. Based on our results, we cannot recommend inputting large amounts of dead wood for conservation purposes, given the expense of such measures. However, the persistence of saproxylic beetles requires that an adequate amount of dead wood is available in the landscape, and we recommend that dead wood be retained whenever possible in managed pine forests.
Blockade of androgen or estrogen receptors reduces nandrolone's ability to modulate acute reward-related neurochemical effects of amphetamine in rat brain

Abstract Previously we have reported that sub-chronic administration of nandrolone modifies reward-related neurochemical effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs of abuse. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the ability of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) to attenuate the effects of amphetamine depends on activation of androgen (AR) or estrogen receptors (ER). We used an in vivo microdialysis technique in fully conscious rats to monitor whether administration of the AR-antagonist flutamide (7 × 50 mg/kg) or the ER-antagonist clomiphene (7 × 20 mg/kg), attenuates nandrolone-induced modulation of dopaminergic and serotonergic effects of acute injections of amphetamine (1 mg/kg). Dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and their metabolites were measured from the samples using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Blocking the androgen receptors with flutamide abolished the attenuating effect of nandrolone pre-treatment on amphetamine-induced elevation of extracellular DA concentration. Blocking the estrogen receptors with clomiphene did the same but to a lesser extent. In conclusion, the results of this study show that the ability of nandrolone to attenuate the effects of amphetamine depends on activation of androgen receptors or to a lesser extent, on estrogen receptors.
Increased deoxycholic acid absorption and gall stones in acromegalic patients treated with octreotide: more evidence for a connection between slow transit constipation and gall stones

Acromegalic patients treated with octreotide have prolonged colonic transit, increased bacterial formation, and subsequent absorption of deoxycholic acid that is indicated by an increased proportion of deoxycholic acid in plasma bile acids. Enrichment of deoxycholic acid in the circulating bile acid pool leads to supersaturated bile and cholesterol gall stones. Thomas and colleagues,1 in this issue of Gut , extend previous work from the laboratory of R Hermon Dowling by showing that acromegalic patients treated with octreotide have an increase in faecal anaerobic bacteria that convert cholic acid, the major primary bile acid in humans, to deoxycholic acid, the major secondary bile acid (see page 630) . The paper also confirms previous reports from the Dowling laboratory2,3 that octreotide treatment increases colonic transit time in acromegalic patients. In addition, the paper of Thomas et al shows that octreotide treatment results in enrichment of deoxycholic acid in fasting state plasma bile acids. The present paper is the 11th and could well be the last in a series of papers spanning more than a decade from the Dowling laboratory that have dealt with the pathogenesis of gall stones in acromegalic patients treated with octreotide, a potent somatostatin agonist. Octreotide is a synthetic peptide whose amide bonds are resistant to hydrolysis by plasma peptidases, thus resulting in its having a much longer duration of action than that of somatostatin.4 In acromegalic patients, octreotide administration suppresses the release of growth hormone and insulin growth factor by the pituitary and results in clinical improvement.5 The initial paper in this series showed that such patients have an increased prevalence of gall stones.6 The gall stones were shown to be rich in cholesterol7 and, as would be expected, bile was found to be supersaturated in cholesterol8 and to …
Impaired collateral artery development in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Objective: To determine whether collateral artery development is impaired in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) relative to normotensive (WKY) rats. Methods: Sequential mesenteric arteries were ligated to create a collateral pathway responsible for the perfusion of approximately 50 first-order arterioles. Collateral development was assessed by measurement of in vivo arterial diameter before and 1 week after ligation. Histological and morphometric measurements were made from cross-sectional preparations of these arteries to evaluate intimal and medial cell numbers and medial area. eNOS expression was evaluated with Western blotting. Results: One week after arterial ligation, collateral diameter was increased more in WKY than SHR both absolutely (137 ± 9.1 versus 99 ± 8.6 µm) and relative to same-animal controls (38 ± 5.5% versus 13 ± 7.1%). At the time of model creation, blood flow was elevated to comparable levels in both WKY and SHR, and wall shear rate in the SHR collateral was greater than both the SHR control and WKY collateral arteries. Endothelial cell number in arterial cross-section was increased in collaterals by 80% in WKY and only 22% in the SHR. eNOS expression was increased in the WKY (128%) but not in the SHR collateral. Conclusions: For equivalent arterial occlusion, the data demonstrate that collateral development is suppressed in the SHR as indicated by luminal expansion. This impairment of luminal expansion is associated with a decreased endothelial proliferation and the lack of an increase in eNOS expression.
Respiratory syncytial virus induces airway insensitivity to β-agonists in BALB/c mice

β-Adrenergic agonists (β-agonists) are commonly used to treat respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis but are generally ineffective for unknown reasons. We have previously shown that RSV st...
Enhanced fluorescence via photonic crystal slabs incorporating nanorod structures

The emission intensity of a fluorescent dye is increased by 104 times through the combined effects of enhanced near-fields produced by a 1-dimensional photonic crystal and enhanced surface area provided by a nanorod coating.
Genetic regulation of entry into meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans

The Caenorhabditis elegans germline is composed of mitotically dividing cells at the distal end that give rise to meiotic cells more proximally. Specification of the distal region as mitotic relies on induction by the somatic distal tip cell and the glp-1 signal transduction pathway. However, the genetic control over the transition from mitosis to meiosis is not understood. In this paper, we report the identification of a gene, gld-2, that has at least two functions in germline development. First, gld-2 is required for normal progression through meiotic prophase. Second, gld-2 promotes entry into meiosis from the mitotic cell cycle. With respect to this second function, gld-2 appears to be functionally redundant with a previously described gene, gld-1 (Francis, R., Barton, M. K., Kimble, J. and Schedl, T. (1995) Genetics 139, 579–606). Germ cells in gld-1(o) and gld-2 single mutants enter meiosis at the normal time, but germ cells in gld-2 gld-1(o) double mutants do not enter meiosis. Instead, the double mutant germline is mitotic throughout and forms a large tumor. We suggest that gld-1 and gld-2 define two independent regulatory pathways, each of which can be sufficient for entry into meiosis. Epistasis analyses show that gld-1 and gld-2 work downstream of the glp-1 signal transduction pathway. Therefore, we hypothesize that glp-1 promotes proliferation by inhibiting the meiosis-promoting functions of gld-1 and gld-2.
Developmental triclosan exposure decreases maternal and neonatal thyroxine in rats

Disruption of maternal thyroid hormones during fetal developmental may result in irreversible neurological consequences in offspring. The present study tested the hypothesis that perinatal triclosan exposure of dams decreases thyroxine in dams and offspring prior to weaning. Pregnant Long–Evans rats received triclosan by oral gavage (0–300 mg/kg/d) in corn oil from gestational day (GD)6 through postnatal day (PND)21. Serum was obtained from pups on PND4, 14, and 21, and from dams on PND22. Serum thyroxine (T4) was reduced 31% in dams on PND22. In pups, a unique pattern of hypothyroxinemia was observed; serum T4 decreased 27% in PND4 pups with no significant reduction observed on PND14 or PND21. Comparable reductions of approximately 30% in serum T4 at 300 mg/kg/d for dams and PND4 neonates and a lack of effect at PND14 and PND21 suggest that toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic factors may have contributed to a reduced exposure or a reduced toxicological response during the lactation period. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2840–2844. © 2010 SETAC
Macromer density influences mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis and maturation in photocrosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels

Summary Objective Engineering cartilage requires that a clinically relevant cell type be situated within a 3D environment that supports cell viability, the production and retention of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM), and eventually, the establishment of mechanical properties that approach that of the native tissue. In this study, we investigated the ability of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to undergo chondrogenesis in crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogels (MeHA) of different macromer concentrations (1, 2, and 5%). Design Over a 6 week culture period under pro-chondrogenic conditions, we evaluated cartilage-specific gene expression, ECM deposition within constructs and released to the culture media, and mechanical properties in both compression and tension. Further, we examined early matrix assembly and long term histological features of the forming tissues, as well as the ability of macromolecules to diffuse within hydrogels as a function of MeHA macromer concentration. Results Findings from this study show that variations in macromer density influence MSC chondrogenesis in distinct ways. Increasing HA macromer density promoted chondrogenesis and matrix formation and retention, but yielded functionally inferior constructs due to limited matrix distribution throughout the construct expanse. In 1% MeHA constructs, the equilibrium compressive modulus reached 0.12MPa and s-GAG content reached nearly 3% of the wet weight, values that matched or exceeded those of control agarose constructs and that are 25 and 50% of native tissue levels, respectively. Conclusions These data provide new insight into how early matrix deposition regulates long term construct development, and defines new parameters for optimizing the formation of functional MSC-based engineered articular cartilage using HA hydrogels.
Evidence of a Kinetic Isotope Effect in Nanoaluminum and Water Combustion

The normally innocuous combination of aluminum and water becomes violently reactive on the nanoscale. Research in the field of the combustion of nanoparticulate aluminum has important implications in the design of molecular aluminum clusters, hydrogen storage systems, as well as energetic formulations which could use extraterrestrial water for space propulsion. However, the mechanism that controls the reaction speed is poorly understood. While current models for micron-sized aluminum water combustion reactions place heavy emphasis on diffusional limitations, as reaction scales become commensurate with diffusion lengths (approaching the nanoscale) reaction rates have long been suspected to depend on chemical kinetics, but have never been definitely measured. The combustion analysis of nanoparticulate aluminum with H2O or D2O is presented. Different reaction rates resulting from the kinetic isotope effect are observed. The current study presents the first-ever observed kinetic isotope effect in a metal combustion reaction and verifies that chemical reaction kinetics play a major role in determining the global burning rate.
Degenerative Disease of the Shoulder

A variety of degenerative or degenerative-like processes affect the shoulder in elderly patients. Hydroxyapatite crystal deposition disease produces intratendinous and intrabursal calcification or, more rarely, intra-articular calcification. Disruption of the rotator cuff leads to characteristic plain film and arthrographic abnormalities whereas the impingement syndrome, owing to entrapment of periarticular soft tissues between the greater tuberosity and coracoacromial ligamentous arch, is best demonstrated by fluoroscopy. Additional degenerative disorders include adhesive capsulitis and osteoarthritis.
A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence

Many modern computer systems and most multicore chips (chip multiprocessors) support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both highlevel concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Consistency and Coherence / Coherence Basics / Memory Consistency Motivation and Sequential Consistency / Total Store Order and the x86 Memory Model / Relaxed Memory Consistency / Coherence Protocols / Snooping Coherence Protocols / Directory Coherence Protocols / Advanced Topics in Coherence / Author Biographies
Evaluating Predictive Screening for Children's Post-Injury Mental Health: New Data and a Replication

Background : Recommended approaches for secondary prevention of posttrauma mental health difficulties in children require empirically sound predictive screening to determine which children require more intensive monitoring or targeted intervention. Although there are several promising screening tools for injured children, none has emerged as the gold standard, and little replication data are available regarding their performance. Objective : To evaluate a predictive screening protocol for risk of later posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depression outcomes and address a crucial lack of replication studies by examining performance of two previously published screening tools (Screening Tool for Early Predictors of PTSD [STEPP] and Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire [CTSQ]). Method : The study enrolled 290 children hospitalized after acute injury. A three-part screening protocol, including acute PTS and depression symptoms and other empirically derived risk factors, was administered in hospital as part of a stepped care study. PTS and depression symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed 6 months post-injury. Results : The screening protocol demonstrated excellent sensitivity (1.00) and good specificity (0.73) for prediction of 6-month PTS, moderate sensitivity (0.64) and good specificity (0.74) for 6-month depression, and excellent negative predictive value for both outcomes. Among children screening at risk, HRQoL was poorer at 6 months post-injury. Replication analyses found predictive utility (sensitivity and specificity) was low for the STEPP and moderate for the CTSQ. Conclusions : This study provides additional evidence that early post-injury screening could identify children at higher risk for persistent PTS symptoms and limited support for predicting post-injury depression. Findings support acute PTS symptoms as key early risk markers. The predictive value of a negative screening result (i.e., knowing who is not at risk) may be especially important in choosing where to target limited follow-up resources. It is crucial that future investigations provide additional replication data regarding existing screening tools and evaluate additional or alternate items (proposed a priori ) to improve predictive power. Keywords: screening tools; injury; PTSD; depression; PTSD prediction; stepped care (Published: 14 December 2015) Responsible Editor: Rita Rosner, KU Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Germany. For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files in the column to the right (under ‘Article Tools’). Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2015, 6 : 29313 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v6.29313
Pyogenic liver abscess after gunshot injury: 10 years’ experience at a single level 1 trauma center

Liver abscesses are approximately 50 % of all visceral abscesses, and trauma presents as a rare cause of the liver abscess. Otherwise, hepatic abscess is an uncommon complication of gunshot wound (GSW) to the liver among all trauma cases. Here we reviewed their experience in detail. From January 1, 2004 to September 30, 2013, there were 2143 patients admitted to Ryder Trauma Center at Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami with severe abdominal trauma: 1227 penetrating and 866 blunt. Among the patients who had penetrating trauma, 637 had GSWs and 551 had stab wounds. Thirty-nine patients had other kinds of penetrating traumas. Eleven patients were identified as having liver abscess, with 8 of them belonging to the GSW group, and 3 to the blunt injury group. The diagnosis and management of the 8 patients with a hepatic abscess after GSW to the liver were demonstrated. There were seven males and one female with a mean age of 29 ± 10 years. There were one grade 2, four grade 3, two grade 4 and one grade 5 injuries. The mean abscess size was 10 ± 2 cm. The abscesses were usually caused by infection from mixed organisms. These abscesses were treated with antibiotics and drainage. No mortality and long-term morbidity were seen. Hepatic abscess after GSW to the liver is a rare condition, with an incidence of 1.2 %. It is usually seen in severe liver injury (grade 3 and above), but our patients were all treated successfully, with no mortality.
A Common Language to Remedy Distorted Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Enforcement Statistics

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) has emerged during the past decade as a niche practice area for lawyers, accountants, and other compliance professionals. At present, however, the FCPA’s conversational waters are muddied because this niche practice area (often referred to as FCPA Inc.) lacks a lingua franca, or common language. Rather, various FCPA Inc. participants have adopted creative and haphazard counting methods that infect the quality and reliability of FCPA enforcement and related statistics of interest to many in the legal and business communities.To clear up the FCPA conversation, this Article proposes an FCPA common language regarding the basic issue of what is an FCPA enforcement action. The FCPA common language proposed will improve the quality and reliability of FCPA statistics and thus allow a more cogent conversation to take place regarding FCPA issues.
A primer on the mouse basal body

The basal body is a highly organized structure essential for the formation of cilia. Basal bodies dock to a cellular membrane through their distal appendages (also known as transition fibers) and provide the foundation on which the microtubules of the ciliary axoneme are built. Consequently, basal body position and orientation dictates the position and orientation of its cilium. The heart of the basal body is the mother centriole, the older of the two centrioles inherited during mitosis and which is comprised of nine triplet microtubules arranged in a cylinder. Like all ciliated organisms, mice possess basal bodies, and studies of mouse basal body structure have made diverse important contributions to the understanding of how basal body structure impacts the function of cilia. The appendages and associated structures of mouse basal bodies can differ in their architecture from those of other organisms, and even between murine cell types. For example, basal bodies of immotile primary cilia are connected to daughter centrioles, whereas those of motile multiciliated cells are not. The last few years have seen the identification of many components of the basal body, and the mouse will continue to be an extremely valuable system for genetically defining their functions.
Invited Review: Reliable and Affordable Simulation of Turbulent Combustion

Large eddy simulation (LES) via the filtered density function (FDF) is now widely recognized as one of the most reliable and computationally affordable means of turbulent combustion prediction. This lecture provides an overview of the latest developments in both the basic theoretical developments and the applications of LES/FDF. Sample results are presented of some of the latest FDF simulations of turbulent reactive flows.
Crystallinity and morphology effects on a solvent-processed solar cell using a triarylamine-substituted squaraine.

2,4-Bis[4′-(N,N-di(4″-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-2′,6′-dihydroxyphenyl]squaraine (Sq-TAA-OH, optical bandgap 1.4 eV, HOMO level −5.3 eV by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy) is used as an active layer material in solution processed, bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells with configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Sq-TAA-OH:PC71BM/LiF/Al. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 4.8% are obtained by a well-reproducible procedure using a mixture of good and poor Sq-TAA-OH solubilizing organic solvents, with diiodooctane (DIO) additive to make a bulk heterojunction layer, followed by thermal annealing, to give optimized VOC = 0.84–0.86 V, JSC = 10 mA cm–2, and FF = 0.53. X-ray diffraction and scattering studies of pristine, pure Sq-TAA-OH solution-cast films show d-spacing features similar to single-crystal packing and spacing. The DIO additive in a good solvent/poor solvent mixture apparently broadens the size distribution of Sq-TAA-OH crystallites in pristine films, but thermal annealing provides a narrower...
The price of maturity

Over the next few decades population aging will begin developing in many countries and become much more challenging in high-income countries. Population aging has profound implications for the economy because of the economic life cycle, characterized by extended periods of, “dependency,” at young and old ages. The first order economic effects of population aging are captured by the support ratio, the effective number of workers divided by the effective number of consumers. Support ratios constructed using National Transfer Account data show that for many developing countries changing age structure is boosting economic growth by as much as one percent per year. In high-income countries, however, economic growth could be depressed by as much as one percent per year in the absence of effective responses by individuals and by governments. To the extent that the elderly are self-sufficient, relying on continued work and the accumulation of assets to support themselves in old-age, population aging may produce a second demographic dividend, a further spur to economic growth. Comprehensive estimates of the support system for the elderly show great variation across countries, however, in the extent to which the elderly are relying on themselves or depending on younger generations to fund their material needs in old-age. Postponing retirement is an important response to population aging, but must be complemented by increased emphasis on the accumulation of assets in the form of housing, pension funds, and personal savings.
Kirsten Weld. Paper Cadavers: The Archives of Dictatorship in Guatemala. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2015. xvi, 335p. ISBN 978-0822356028. $26.95.

RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage reviews books, reports, new periodicals, databases, websites, blogs, and other electronic resources, as well as exhibition, book, and auction catalogs pertaining directly and indirectly to the fields of rare book librarianship, manuscripts curatorship, archives management, and special collections administration. Publishers, librarians, and archivists are asked to send appropriate publications for review or notice to the Reviews Editor. Due to space limitations, it may not be possible for all books received to be reviewed in RBM . Books or publication announcements should be sent to the Reviews Editor: Amy Cooper Cary, Raynor . . .
Planning for Discharge with the Elderly

This article examines key issues in acute hospital care for the elderly and discusses their implications for discharge planning and quality assurance activities. Because the present emphasis on cost containment has led to earlier discharges, more comprehensive planning with home care and community-based services is necessary to ensure continuity of care and patient safety.
“Inconclusion”: Why Real Reform Might Not Be Possible

As described in chapter one, today peacekeeping is more necessary, more desired, and more possible than ever before. Because of the change in the nature of the world’s conflicts, it has also become much harder to do. In its early years, the UN was most often confronted with interstate wars. Classical peacekeeping in such situations meant the UN simply had to separate two conventional armies belonging to two states along well-defined battle lines in a specific area. The UN then had only to monitor a cease-fire until the parties could negotiate a permanent peace.
Effect of LCR 5′HS4 and 5′HS1 Deletions on β-Like Globin Gene Expression in β-Yac Transgenic Mice.

A 213 Kb human β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (β-YAC) was modified by homologous recombination to delete 2.9 Kb of cross-species conserved sequence similarity encompassing the LCR 5′HS4 (Δ5′HS4 β-YAC). Three transgenic mouse lines were established; each contained two intact copies of the β-globin locus as determined by long range restriction enzyme mapping (LRRM) and Southern blot hybridization analyses. Human e-, γ- and β-globin, and mouse α- and ζ-globin mRNAs were measured by RNAse protection in hematopoietic tissues derived from staged embryos, fetuses and adult mice. No difference in the temporal pattern of globin transgene expression was observed between Δ5′HS4 β-YAC mice and wild-type β-YAC mice. In addition, quantitative per-copy human β-like globin mRNA levels were similar between Δ5′HS4 and wild-type β-YAC transgenic lines, although γ-globin gene expression was slightly increased in the fetal liver, while β-globin gene expression was slightly decreased in Δ5′HS4 β-YAC mice. These data are in contrast to data obtained from β-YAC mice containing a deletion of the 280 bp 5′HS4 core. In these mice, γ- and β-globin gene expression was significantly decreased during fetal definitive erythropoiesis and β-globin gene expression was decreased during adult definitive erythropoiesis. However, these data are consistent with the observation that deletion of the 5′HS core elements is more deleterious than large deletions of the 5′HSs. Together, the compiled deletion data supports the hypothesis that the LCR exists as a holocomplex in which the 5′HS cores form an active site and the flanking 5′HS regions constrain the holocomplex conformation. In this model, 5′HS core mutations are dominant negative, whereas larger deletions allow the LCR to fold into alternate holocomplex structures that function normally, albeit less efficiently. To complete the study on the contribution of the individual 5′HSs to LCR function, a 0.8 Kb 5′HS1 fragment was deleted in the 213 Kb β-YAC by homologous recombination. Two ΔHS1 β-YAC transgenic lines have been established; four additional founders were recently identified. Of the two lines, one contains two intact copies of the globin locus; the other contains four deleted copies, one of which extends from the LCR through just 5′ to the β-globin gene. For both lines, e-globin gene expression was markedly reduced, approximately 5–10 fold, during primitive erythropoiesis. Developmental expression profiles and levels of the γ- and β-globin genes (in the line that contains loci including the β-globin gene) were unaffected by deletion of 5′HS1. Breeding of the remaining four founders to obtain F1 and F2 progeny for similar structure/function studies is in progress. Decreased expression of the β-globin gene is the first phenotype ascribed to a 5′HS1 mutation, suggesting that this HS does indeed have a role in LCR function.