cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Major and Trace Elements of Selected Pedons in the USA

Few studies of soil geochemistry over large geographic areas exist, especially studies encompassing data from major pedogenic horizons that evaluate both native concentrations of elements and anthropogenically contaminated soils. In this study, pedons (n = 486) were analyzed for trace (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and major (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti, Zr) elements, as well as other soil properties. The objectives were to (i) determine the concentration range of selected elements in a variety of U.S. soils with and without known anthropogenic additions, (ii) illustrate the association of elemental source and content by assessing trace elemental content for several selected pedons, and (iii) evaluate relationships among and between elements and other soil properties. Trace element concentrations in the non-anthropogenic dataset (NAD) were in the order Mn > (Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu) > (Pb, Co) > (Cd, Hg), with greatest mean total concentrations for the Andisol order. Geometric means by horizon indicate that trace elements are concentrated in surface and/or B horizons over C horizons. Median values for trace elements are significantly higher in surface horizons of the anthropogenic dataset (AD) over the NAD. Total Al, Fe, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic C, pH, and clay exhibit significant correlations (0.56, 0.74, 0.50, 0.31, 0.16, and 0.30, respectively) with total trace element concentrations of all horizons of the NAD. Manganese shows the best inter-element correlation (0.33) with these associated total concentrations. Total Fe has one of the strongest relationships, explaining 55 and 30% of the variation in total trace element concentrations for all horizons in the NAD and AD, respectively.
Genital Autonomy, Children’s Rights, and Competing Rights Claims in International Human Rights Law

Claims that genital autonomy should be considered a human right call into question medically unnecessary genital alterations, including genital cutting of both boy and girl children, the forced or coerced circumcision of adults, and surgical alterations performed on the genitals of intersex children prior to the age of consent. To date, global norms suggest only a narrow applicability of any right to genital autonomy. International organizations, states, and non-governmental organizations increasingly condemn genital cutting of girls and women but generally tolerate both the genital cutting of boys and men and the surgical alteration of the genitals of intersex children. In examining assertions that genital autonomy should be considered a human right, the article considers competing rights claims, including religious and cultural rights, parental rights, and contending perspectives on health rights. Ultimately, this article highlights the limitations of international human rights law as a tool for promoting a right to genital autonomy.
In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state

Nuclear transplantation can reprogramme a somatic genome back into an embryonic epigenetic state, and the reprogrammed nucleus can create a cloned animal or produce pluripotent embryonic stem cells. One potential use of the nuclear cloning approach is the derivation of 'customized' embryonic stem (ES) cells for patient-specific cell treatment, but technical and ethical considerations impede the therapeutic application of this technology. Reprogramming of fibroblasts to a pluripotent state can be induced in vitro through ectopic expression of the four transcription factors Oct4 (also called Oct3/4 or Pou5f1), Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4. Here we show that DNA methylation, gene expression and chromatin state of such induced reprogrammed stem cells are similar to those of ES cells. Notably, the cells-derived from mouse fibroblasts-can form viable chimaeras, can contribute to the germ line and can generate live late-term embryos when injected into tetraploid blastocysts. Our results show that the biological potency and epigenetic state of in-vitro-reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells are indistinguishable from those of ES cells.
The Pacific palaeogeography of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae)

ELLISON, J. C, 1991. The Pacific palaeogeography of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae). The American red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle is disjunct in its occurrence between the Neotropics and an outlier in the south-west Pacific, a distribution which has been speculated upon for over a century. The species is shown to be indigenous in Tonga, the first such evidence from the outlier, with certain identification of abundantly occurring pollen in an early Holocene mangrove peat, that pre-dates the arrival of man by some 2500 years. It is suggested from review of world-wide fossil records that the species crossed the Pacific eastwards during the Eocene, facilitated by land connections resultant from low stands of sea level and before major subsidence of the Pacific plate. Then subsidence of the Pacific plate caused local extinctions on islands of the central and eastern Pacific as they periodically submerged, the species not able to recolonize from either refuges west of the Andesite line or America due to loss of land connections and its poor dispersal capability.
Job sequencing rules for minimizing the expected makespan in flexible machines

Abstract We consider scheduling of a deteriorating flexible machine that is capable of processing a number of diverse jobs with negligible setup times between jobs. Specifically, we develop rules for sequencing N jobs on such a machine such that its expected makespan (sum of all job processing times and machine down-time) is minimized. Using the Weibull distribution to characterize machine failures in our model, we permit different jobs to contribute to machine deterioration (and hence its failure) at different failure rates, and do not require these rates to remain constant with machine-use time. We validate the effectiveness of these job sequencing rules for different cases, using extensive simulation tests.
Emotional-Attitudinal Effects of an Intergroup Relations Workshop on Its Members

(1951). Emotional-Attitudinal Effects of an Intergroup Relations Workshop on Its Members. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 243-256.
Growth inhibitory concentrations of androgens up-regulate insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 expression via an androgen response element in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells.

IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), the most abundant circulating IGF binding protein, inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis by both IGF-I-dependent and -independent pathways. The ability of IGFBP-3 to inhibit tumor growth has been demonstrated in many cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). High concentrations of androgens, which inhibit the growth of the LNCaP human PCa cell line, have been shown to have both positive and negative effects on IGFBP-3 expression by different laboratories. To further explore the relationship between IGFBP-3 and androgens, we examined IGFBP-3 expression in LNCaP cells. We demonstrate that IGFBP-3 expression can be induced by 10 nM of the synthetic androgen R1881 or dihydrotestosterone. Transactivation assays show thatthe6-kbIGFBP-3promotersequencedirectlyrespondsto androgen treatment. In silico analysis identified a putative androgen response element (ARE) at 2879/2865 in the IGFBP-3 promoter. A single point mutation in this ARE disrupted transactivation by R1881. Combining the data obtained from EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation and mutational analysis, we conclude that a novel functional ARE is present in the IGFBP-3 promoter that directly mediates androgen induction of IGFBP-3 expression. Furthermore, we found that the combination of androgens and calcitriol significantly potentiated the IGFBP-3 promoter activity, suggesting that enhanced induction of the expression of the endogenous IGFBP-3 gene may contribute to the greater inhibition of LNCaP cell growth by combined calcitriol and androgens. Because androgens are well known to stimulate PCa growth and androgen deprivation therapy causes PCa to regress, the stimulation by androgens of this antiproliferative and proapoptotic protein is paradoxical and raises interesting questions about the role of androgen-stimulated IGFBP-3 in PCa. (Endocrinology 147: 4599–4607, 2006)
Would Switching to Timely Reviews Delay Quarterly and Annual Earnings Releases

The SEC recently issued a proposal to modernize and clarify the regulatory structure of securities offerings. The proposal would allow companies to access capital markets on an almost continuous basis but would require strengthening of the role of independent accountants and other gatekeepers in the registration process. The Commission is seeking comment on whether it “should add to the proposed practices the fact than an independent accountant performed a timely review under SAS 71 of an issuer's quarterly financial information” (SEC, 1998, p. 231). This is the most recent of several proposals, made by the SEC and others, that provides incentives for companies to purchase quarter-end (timely) reviews of their quarterly data. Some managers who currently have their quarterly earnings reviewed only at year-end (retrospective reviews) argue that having a timely review would delay interim earnings releases. Proponents of timely reviews deny that this would occur, and assert that shifting certain review procedures into interim periods would decrease the time needed to release annual earnings. We estimate the quarterly and annual reporting lags that would occur if companies currently selecting retrospective reviews switched to timely reviews. Our results indicate that quarterly earnings release lags would increase, as opponents of mandatory timely review have argued. Switching to timely review would reduce annual earnings release lags only when interim earnings contain unusual components.
The usefulness of the advance prediction computer program in INAA studies

In this paper, the nature of the instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) Advance Prediction Computer Program (APCP) is described, as well as its purposes, capabilities, and the wealth of valuable output information it provides. Recent and present extensive applications of the APCP to both reactor-flux and isotopic-source INAA of a great variety of biological, environmental, and geochemical reference materials are summarized. Other completed forms of the APCP that also include fission-spectrum and 14 MeV fast-neutron products are mentioned, as well as a recently completed form of the APCP for high-intensity reactor pulses, and present efforts to develop APCP's for cyclic INAA and prompt-gamma INAA are discussed.
The amygdala and emotion

The amygdala complex has long been known as part of the neural circuitry critical for emotion. Beyond its role in emotional reactivity, studies of animal models and patients with amygdala damage demonstrate its importance in emotional learning, whereby cues acquire significance through association with rewarding or aversive events. Although its function in associative learning has become well established, other recent research has advanced the concept that the amygdala regulates additional cognitive processes, such as memory or attention. For example, a correspondence in the function of the amygdala has recently been shown in the modulation of memory in humans and laboratory animals. The use of animal models has progressively defined the circuitry for these functions within the amygdala and its interconnections with other brain systems, including pathways through which the amygdala modulates memory and regulates attention. These various lines of research are progressively advancing our understanding of the amygdala's role in providing linkages between affect and cognition.
Practical considerations for the measurement of the homonuclear overhauser effect on strongly relaxed protons in paramagnetic proteins

Abstract Experimental and interpretive problems are considered in the application of nuclear Overhauser effect, measurements on strongly relaxed resonances in paramagnetic metalloproteins. Solutions to the Bloch equations under high-power irradiation show that off-resonance saturation is severe over a considerable spectral width and exceeds the expected NOEs unless the degree of on-resonance saturation is restricted to well below 100%. Semi-quantitative simulations reveal excellent correlation between predicted and observed off-resonance effects. It is shown, moreover, that the decoupler power necessary to validate the use of the standard truncated NOE, TOE, equations are not experimentally accessible for strongly relaxed lines. Hence, time-dependent NOE data for strongly relaxed lines require the use of more complete equations that explicitly consider the rate and degree of on-resonance saturation. Attempts to 6t time-dependent NOE data to the simple TOE equations based on assuming instantaneous and complete on-resonance saturation are shown to lead to substantial errors in intrinsic and cross-relaxation rates. It is demonstrated for a pair of high-spin ferric met-myoglobins that true NOES and off resonance effects can be differentiated in steady-state NOE experiments, and the former semiquantitated, by analyzing either the effect of stepping the decoupler through a resonance or, in a crowded spectral window, the effect on all lines upon constant-power saturation of each component resonance.
MRI evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is the most common cause of temporal lobe epilepsy, and MRI evidence of MTS is critical in the evaluation for temporal lobectomy.1,2⇓ For those reasons, MRI is now commonly performed specifically for the purpose of identifying MTS. However, the frequency of significant MRI evidence of MTS in patients without seizure (i.e., specificity) is unknown. We report four cases that illustrate an increasingly important pitfall in the evaluation of patients with seizures. Patients were 28 to 35 years of age and had onset of “seizures” between 25 and 30 years of age (duration of seizures 3 to 6 years). They were all referred for possible epilepsy surgery after an MRI showed evidence of MTS. MRI (1.5 tesla) used 1-mm sections and was performed using fast spin echo T2 (repetition time [TR] 5500, echo time [TE] 21.3, 256 × 256 matrix) coronal sequence, inversion recovery sequence (three-dimensional/fast-spin echo gradient recall = 30, TR 10.2, TE 2), axial T2 images at a …
Glutathione synthesis in cell-free preparations from erythrocytes of different ages

Abstract Unequivocal synthesis of glutathione has been demonstrated with cell-free preparations derived from red cells. Three different measures of synthesis have been compared using preparations from red cells of different ages. The difference between the results for young and old cells was not statistically significant with any of the three methods. Estimates of synthesis by [ 14 C]glycine incorporation and release of in- organic phosphorus from ATP were similar. Both were approximately twice the es- timate of synthesis from direct measurements of the increment of gluthathione. Data on the formation of glutamylcysteine indicated a four fold excess in the production of this precursor. Differences were found in the results for young and old cells but their significance is unknown.
Ceramic Materials in Hybrid Ball Bearings

A computational study was conducted to make comparisons regarding heat generation, frictional torque, and ball wear between conventional all steel bearings using M50 steel balls and hybrid bearings using silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramic balls. Both were modeled using M50 steel races and the study was accomplished for radially loaded bearings only. Although most realistic applications also include axial loads on angular contact ball bearings, this study helps to recognize and quantify the performance increases of hybrid bearings due to slip and tractive rolling losses. Performance benefits for the hybrid bearings due to reduced centrifugal loads and the higher elastic modulus of silicon nitride balls are primarily demonstrated. Lubrication is assumed and reflected in the wear and friction coefficients, although hydrodynamic losses were nor accounted for. This configuration could occur with air/oil or grease lubrication or with dry lubricating films where environmental conditions might preclude the use of we...
Serum vascular endothelial growth factor is a candidate biomarker of metastatic tumor response to ex vivo gene therapy of renal cell cancer

We report the close correlation between changes in serum immunoreactive vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (iVEGF165) levels and metastatic tumor burden measured by computed tomography scan before treatment, during the antitumor response, and during early progression in a patient treated with ex vivo gene therapy for renal cell carcinoma. With the researcher blinded to outcome, iVEGF levels were measured in archived serum samples from a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who demonstrated a 7-month partial remission to treatment with autologous, irradiated human GM-CSF gene transduced tumor vaccine. Although a spontaneous regression could not be formally excluded in this patient, the appearance of 20 new pulmonary metastases on computed tomography scan after nephrectomy and before vaccination indicates that if spontaneous regression occurred, it took place at the start of vaccine treatment.
Esophageal cancer and the esophagus: Challenges and potential strategies for selective cytoprotection of the tumor-bearing organ during cancer treatment

Esophageal cancer is treated optimally with a combined-modality approach according to most clinical investigators. Cytotoxic chemotherapy and ionizing radiotherapy, given in a concomitant schedule, has yielded superior survival rates compared with radiotherapy alone. However, mucosal toxicity from such treatment may compromise quality of life and may mandate an unscheduled break in therapy in some patients who do not respond readily to standard treatments such as antacids; combinations of viscous xylocaine, aluminum hydroxide-magnesium carbonate, and diphephydramine hydrochloride; oral liquid morphine sulfate, hydrocodone bitartrate, or acetaminophen. Hence, a number of alternative strategies that are designed to either prevent or limit toxicity to normal tissues without diminishing the antitumor effect are being tested. These include the use of conformal radiotherapy treatment planning techniques, amifostine (Ethyol, WR-2721), gene therapy via intratumoral injection of manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposome, glutamine, melatonin, omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, transforming growth factor, flavonoid compounds, probucol, and keratinizing growth factor. An ongoing phase 2 trial by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) may help clarify a role for cytoprotectants in patients receiving combined-modality therapy for esophageal cancer.
The use of non-insulin anti-diabetic agents to improve glycemia without hypoglycemia in the hospital setting: focus on incretins.

Patients with hyperglycemia in hospital have increased adverse outcomes compared with patients with normoglycemia, and the pathophysiological causes seem relatively well understood. Thus, a rationale for excellent glycemic control exists. Benefits of control with intensive insulin regimes are highly likely based on multiple published studies. However, hypoglycemia frequency increases and adverse outcomes of hypoglycemia accrue. This has resulted in a ‘push’ for therapeutic nihilism, accepting higher glycemic levels to avoid hypoglycemia. One would ideally prefer to optimize glycemia, treating hyperglycemia while minimizing or avoiding hypoglycemia. Thus, one would welcome therapies and processes of care to optimize this benefit/ risk ratio. We review the logic and early studies that suggest that incretin therapy use in-hospital can achieve this ideal. We strongly urge randomized prospective controlled studies to test our proposal and we offer a process of care to facilitate this research and their use in our hospitalized patients.
Development of a boundary element method for time-dependent planar thermoelasticity

Abstract A new boundary element method is developed for two-dimensional quasistatic thermoelasticity. This time domain formulation involves only surface quantities. Consequently, volume discretization is completely eliminated and the method becomes a viable alternative to the usual finite element approaches. After presenting a brief overview of the governing equations, boundary integral equations for coupled quasistatic thermoelasticity are derived by starting with existing fundamental solutions along with an appropriate reciprocal theorem. Details of a general purpose numerical implementation are then discussed. Next. boundary element methods for the two more practical theories, uncoupled quasistatic and steady-state thermoelasticity, are developed directly from limiting forms of the coupled formulation. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the validity and attractiveness of the boundary element approach for this entire class of problems.
Effect of Age on Performance of the Trail Making Test

This study used 197 brain-damaged and 244 control Ss. Performance correlated significantly with IQ but was independent of age. In contrast to other reports in the literature, the results indicate t...
Early Expression of a Trypanosoma brucei VSG Gene Duplicated from an Incomplete Basic Copy

Intrachromosomal variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes in Trypanosoma brucei are expressed by a mechanism involving gene conversion. The 3' boundary of gene conversion is usually within the last 130 bp of the VSG gene, a region of partially conserved sequences. We report here the loss of the predominant telomeric A VSG gene in the cloned variant antigenic type (VAT) 5A3, leaving only an intrachromosomal A VSG gene (the A-B gene). The nucleotide sequence of the A-B VSG gene reveals that it lacks the normal VSG 3' sequence. Surprisingly, we find cells expressing this A-B VSG gene in relapse populations arising from VAT 5A3. Since the A VSG mRNAs from these cells have a normal 3' sequence, the incomplete A-B VSG gene must be expressed via a partial gene conversion that supplies the functional 3' end. Although the A-B VSG gene is no longer predominant like the telomeric A VSG gene, it is still expressed more frequently than other intrachromosomal VSG genes, suggesting that factors other than a telomeric location determine whether a VSG gene is expressed early in a serodeme.
An Examination of Some Ordination Problems By Use of Simulated Vegetational Data

Hypothetical vegetation models were made to simulate numerical changes in species populations along a single environmental gradient. A single ordination procedure was evaluated by its ability to detect the ecological information in the hypothetical models. The procedure was reasonably successful when the data were drawn from a short length of the gradient but became progressively less so as longer lengths of the environmental gradient were included in the data. This parallels an increase in the number of stands from which each species is absent in the total data set. Zero values appear to mask ecological information, and an intuitive method of assigning "degree of absence" values to the data is described. After this adjustment, ordination patterns were easier to interpret because ecological information was concentrated in fewer axes. See full-text article at JSTOR
Gene expression studies of Thermus thermophilus promoters PdnaK, Parg and Pscs-mdh.

H . - S . P A R K A N D J . J . K I L B A N E I I . 2004. Aims: To obtain data concerning gene expression in Thermus thermophilus and demonstrate the use of the b-galactosidase gene from Thermus sp. A4 as a convenient reporter gene. Methods and Results: Thermus thermophilus PPKU was constructed, in which the b-gal gene was deleted from the chromosome. Two inducible promoters PdnaK (regulating the DnaK heat shock-inducible protein) and Parg (regulating expression of an arginine-inducible protein) and a carbon-regulated promoter, Pscs-mdh (regulating expression of succinyl-coA and malate dehydrogenase) were cloned upstream of the b-gal reporter gene derived from Thermus sp. A4 to construct vectors pTEX7, pTEX8 and pTEX9, respectively. The amount of b-galactosidase activity produced by the PdnaK promoter in pTEX7 was substantially above the background level of 0AE 3Um g )1 , and increased from 5AE 2t o 10AE 4Um g )1 after heat-shock induction indicating that significant amounts of DnaK are produced even when T. thermophilus is grown at its optimum temperature. The Parg promoter was found to be maximally induced by 10‐30 mM arginine, but was inhibited by higher concentrations. The Pscs-mdh promoter was maximally active in the presence of malate while lower levels of activity were observed in the presence of succinate, pyruvate, glutamate, glucose and the presence of yeast extract or peptone. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that several inducible and regulated promoters are available for genetic studies in Thermus and that b-galactosidase can be used as a convenient reporter gene for studies of transcriptional regulation in Thermus. Significance and Impact of the Study: The availability of characterized inducible and regulated promoters will facilitate the development of improved gene expression vectors for Thermus. The demonstration that b-galactosidase activity in T. thermophilus PPKU can be used to allow reliable screening for b-gal-positive transformant colonies on agar plates will add to the convenience of performing genetic manipulations in T. thermophilus. Future studies of transcriptional regulation in Thermus will benefit from the b-gal host‐vector system reported here.
Case fatality rate with vena cava filters in hospitalized stable patients with cancer and pulmonary embolism.

BACKGROUND: In view of the high risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer, we tested the hypothesis that stable patients with pulmonary embolism who have cancer might be a subset of patients who would show a lower case fatality rate with vena cava filters than without filters. METHODS: Stable patients with pulmonary embolism and cancer at discharge from short-stay hospitals throughout the US from 1998-2009 were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients with pulmonary embolism who had a diagnostic code for shock, ventilatory support, thrombolytic therapy, or pulmonary embolectomy were excluded because such patients have been shown to have lower case fatality rate with filters. RESULTS: In-hospital all-cause case fatality rate was lower with vena cava filters in stable patients with pulmonary embolism and solid malignant tumors providing they were aged >30 years, but there was variability according to type of tumor and age of patient. On average, case fatality rate among those >30 years with filters was 7070 of 69,350 (10.2%) (95% confidence interval, 10.0-10.4) versus 36,875 of 247,125 (14.9%) (95% confidence interval, 14.8-15.1) without filters (P <.0001) (relative risk 0.68). Among stable patients with hematological malignancies, case fatality rate, except in the elderly, was higher among those with vena cava filters than those without filters. CONCLUSION: Stable patients with pulmonary embolism and solid malignant tumors who are older than age 30 years appear to be a subset of patients with pulmonary embolism who would benefit from vena cava filters, but this needs to be tested prospectively.
Identification of oxidized protein hydrolase as a potential prodrug target in prostate cancer

Esterases are often overexpressed in cancer cells and can have chiral specificities different from that of the corresponding normal tissues. For this reason, ester prodrugs could be a promising approach in chemotherapy. In this study, we focused on the identification and characterization of differentially expressed esterases between non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells. Cellular lysates from LNCaP, DU 145, and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines, tumorigenic RWPE-2 prostate epithelial cells, and non-tumorigenic RWPE-1 prostate epithelial cells were separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (n-PAGE) and the esterase activity bands visualized using α-naphthyl acetate or α-naphthyl-N-acetylalaninate (ANAA) chiral esters and Fast Blue RR salt. The esterases were identified using nanospray LC/MS-MS tandem mass spectrometry and confirmed by Western blotting, native electroblotting, inhibition assays, and activity towards a known specific substrate. The serine protease/esterase oxidized protein hydrolase (OPH) was overexpressed in COS-7 cells to verify our results. The major esterase observed with the ANAA substrates within the n-PAGE activity bands was identified as OPH. OPH (EC 3.4.19.1) is a serine protease/esterase and a member of the prolyl oligopeptidase family. We found that LNCaP lysates contained approximately 40% more OPH compared to RWPE-1 lysates. RWPE-2, DU145 and PC3 cell lysates had similar levels of OPH activity. OPH within all of the cell lysates tested had a chiral preference for the S-isomer of ANAA. LNCaP cells were stained more intensely with ANAA substrates than RWPE-1 cells and COS-7 cells overexpressing OPH were found to have a higher activity towards the ANAA and AcApNA than parent COS-7 cells. These data suggest that prodrug derivatives of ANAA and AcApNA could have potential as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of prostate cancer tumors that overexpress OPH.
Potential Vorticity Regression and Its Relationship to Dynamical Piecewise Inversion

Abstract Hakim and Torn (HT) presented a statistical piecewise potential vorticity (PV) regression technique that uses flow-dependent analysis covariances from an ensemble square root filter to statistically infer the relationship between the PV and state fields. This paper illustrates that the PV perturbation effectively regressed by HT’s regression is the projection of the PV perturbation onto the ensemble PV anomalies that define the regression operator. It is shown that the piecewise PV inversion of this effective PV perturbation via the technique presented in Davis and Emanuel yields nearly identical heights to those from an HT regression performed in the subspace of the leading PV singular vectors.
A laser-excited synchronous fluorescence spectrometer for benzo(a)pyrene

A laser-based synchronous scanning fluorimeter was developed for detecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although extensive sample cleanup and separation are usually required, fluorescence has long been used for determination of PAHs. Amount of sample pretreatment can often be reduced when synchronous fluorescence (SF) is used, and the sensitivity of SF can be increased by the high power and narrow profile of a laser source. A small, portable, pulsed dye laser was used in this study. The instrument and its application to the determination of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene are described.
Growth Response of Blue Tilapias to Selected Levels of Dietary Menhaden and Catfish Oils

Abstract Blue tilapia (Tilapia aurea) fingerlings were fed a series of nine semipurified diets containing 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10% lipid in the form of menhaden oil or catfish oil over a 10-week experimental period. The study, conducted in flow-through aquaria, demonstrated that best growth and food conversions were obtained from fish fed the 10% menhaden oil diet. Total levels of the linolenic family (ω-3) of fatty acids were highest in the menhaden oil diets (up to 2.5%). In no instance did linolenic acid reach 1.0% of the total diet. That result supports the conclusion that growth reductions observed in tilapia and other fish species fed diets approaching 1% dietary linolenic acid are due to that specific fatty acid, and are not caused by the addictive effect of dietary ω-3 fatty acids.
Rotational velocities of stars in IC 4756 and the calibration of intermediate band photometry for A stars

Mesure des vitesses de rotation de 26 etoiles de l'amas IC 4756 et observations photometriques de ces etoiles faibles et proches de l'âge zero de la sequence principale. On ne note aucune relation entre la vitesse de rotation et l'etalonnage de la magnitude absolue
Executive Career Management: Switching Organizations and the Boundaryless Career

There has been little research examining executives who change jobs by specifically following these individuals both before and after their employer changes. By incorporating research on the boundaryless career [Arthur, M. B., & Rousseau, D. M. (Eds.). (1996). The boundaryless career: A new employment principle for a new organizational era. New York: Oxford University Press; Sullivan, S. E., & Arthur, M. B. (2006). The evolution of the boundaryless career concept: Examining physical and psychological mobility. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69, 19–29] and applying Frank’s theory of relative standing (1985), this study examined factors that may cause executives to change jobs in the context of managing their careers. Our findings revealed that factors, such as age and compensation, were related to the likelihood of job movements as well as declining organizational health. Post-hoc analyses also indicated that executive job-changers received significantly greater increases in total compensation and were more likely to receive increases in organizational status.
CLONING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND EXPRESSION OF THE MURINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS HOMOLOGUE OF THE HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS 28-KDA MATRIX PHOSPHOPROTEIN (UL99)

Abstract We have identified, characterized, and expressed in bacteria and recombinant vaccinia viruses a protein which likely represents the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) homologue of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) 28-kDa matrix phosphoprotein, the product of the HCMV UL99 open reading frame (ORF). This protein, referred to as the MCMV UL99, is encoded by a 336-nucleotide ORF within the HindIII G fragment of MCMV strain Smith (K181). Using a DNA probe that corresponded to the amino terminus of the ORF, we detected a transcript of 4.8 kb at 8 hr and additional transcripts of 0.88, 2.4, and 5.7 kb at 24-48 hr postinfection (p.i.) of NIH 3T3 cells with MCMV. The smallest transcript is unspliced, initiates 235 nucleotides upstream from the start of the ORF, and utilizes a polyadenylation site located 62 nucleotides downstream from the end of the ORF. The ORF encodes a protein of 112 amino acids, with a predicted mass of 11.8 kDa. Comparison of the derived amino acid sequence with that of the HCMV UL99 gene product reveals 34.8% identity in an overlap of 66 amino acids. Within the amino acid sequence are at least two potential protein kinase C and one potential casein kinase II target motifs for phosphorylation. The ORF was cloned into the pGEX-KG prokaryotic expression vector and bacterially expressed protein was used to generate a specific rabbit antiserum against the protein. Western blotting of MCMV-infected NIH 3T3 cells showed that the ORF was expressed as a doublet of 16.3 and 15.2 kDa at 48 hr p.i. only in the absence of phosphonoacetic acid, thus demonstrating that this protein is a member of the true late gene class. The immunoreactive protein in MCMVinfected cells comigrated with that produced in cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus containing the ORF. The protein appears to be part of the MCMV virion, is phosphorylated in vivo, and generates a strong humoral immune response following MCMV infection of BALB/c mice.
Creep and relaxation contraction ratio of linear viscoelastic materials

The theory of linear viscoelastic behaviour under any kind of loading is extended to include not only the mechanical properties of the materials but also their optical properties. Relations expressing the lateral contraction ratio function with time are also established. It is shown that data derived from a simple tension test in creep and relaxation suffice for the complete description of the viscoelastic behaviour of the materials. Indeed, while the mechanical quantities measured define the extension creep compliance and relaxation modulus, the measurement of birefringence yields the stress-optical and strain-optical coefficients if another pair of characteristic functions are known. Lateral contraction ratio functions are particularly easy to derive because they are related to the extension and bulk creep compliances and relaxation moduli functions by rather simple functions. By taking advantage of the fact that the bulk creep compliance and relaxation modulus of viscoelastic materials are rather insensitive functions with time, an approximate method is introduced yielding the values of the lateral contraction ratio functions with time. The variation of the lateral contraction ratio in creep and relaxation was determined for a cold-setting pure epoxy polymer by applying this approximation process. It is shown that the lateral contraction ratio functions are monotonically increasing functions which present a moderate transition from the glassy to the rubbery region and take values equal to 0.5 in the rubbery region. There is a difference between the creep and relaxation functions at the transition region, the relaxation function being slightly retarded with respect to the corresponding creep function. This phenomenon is in agreement with the behaviour of the other characteristic functions of viscoelastic substances. Moreover, the ratio of the two functions, which is equal to unity at the glassy and rubbery consistencies of the material, diminishes in the transition region and presents a minimum located at the vicinity of the so-called characteristic time k in creep. The lateral contraction ratio functions being determined, the bulk and shear compliance and relaxation functions may be readily evaluated as well as the exact values of the optical coefficients. Moreover, the values of the contraction ratio yield the exact values of the cross section of the specimen tested along the whole response spectrum and allow a final slight correction of all values of the characteristic functions.
Pattern and Brightness Discrimination in Raccoons

*Received for publication by Walter S. Hunter of the Editorial Board, July 15, 1929. 1This investigation was started December, 1927, and completed May, 1929. The author is greatly indebted to Professor Walter S. Hunter, of Clark University, for guidance and encouragement during the course of the investigation
CORRELATION OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR PRESSURE WITH RIGHT VENTRICULAR WEIGHT.

Abstract The weight of the right ventricle expressed as a per cent of the total myocardial weight (RVT × 100) was related to right ventricular pressure in the neonatal puppy. It was shown that during the first 4 weeks of life the regression curves of the right ventricular pressure and RVT were strikingly similar, thus establishing this quantitative postmortem measurement as a sensitive indicator of right ventricular pressure.
Pathology of Granulomatous Diseases, Epithelioid Granulomas, Part II

Although many of the disease processes classified under group 1, epithelioid granulomas, result from diverse etiologic agents, they share a common microscopic tissue morphology of relatively well-organized granulomas containing large numbers of epithelioid cells.
Surface mobility and slip of polybutadiene melts in shear flow

Surface mobility and wall slip of entangled polybutadiene melts were studied with attenuated-total-reflectance infrared spectroscopy at stresses characteristic of the sharkskin, spurt, and melt-fracture regimes. Small-scale slip, accompanied by an apparent decrease in transverse mobility, occurs in the sharkskin regime, but at a stress above the visual onset of sharkskin in capillary viscometry. Simulations cannot distinguish between a cohesive mechanism and a lubrication mechanism that might follow from a stress-induced phase transition, but an adhesive failure seems to be excluded. The near-surface length scale is of the order of four to six times the equilibrium root-mean-square end-to-end distance, and the estimated slip velocity is insensitive to molecular weight. Strong slip occurs in the spurt regime, either at the wall or within one radius of gyration. Substantial apparent slip occurs with a fluorocarbon surface, but the mechanism does not appear to be an adhesive failure; there seems to be a substantial decrease in the friction coefficient of chains over a distance of order 300 nm or more from the fluorocarbon surface, and the transverse chain mobility in this region appears to be enhanced rather than retarded. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the influence of the wall extends farther into the sheared melt than would be expected from the chain dimensions, except in the case of strong slip.
Nucleotide sequence of the structural glycoprotein VP7 gene of Nebraska calf diarrhea virus rotavirus: comparison with homologous genes from four strains of human and animal rotaviruses.

Abstract A full-size cloned cDNA copy of the rotavirus gene encoding the structural neutralization glycoprotein (VP7) of Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV), a strain recently shown to be effective as a vaccine in children, has been sequenced. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of NCDV (serotype 6) VP7 with that of four other rotavirus strains (human WA serotype 1, human HU-5 serotype 2, simian SA-11 serotype 3, and bovine UK serotype 6) indicates that the degree of amino acid homology among VP7 neutralization proteins of these serotypes ranges from 75 to 86%. Four hydrophilic regions at amino acid residues 174–183, 248–256, 287–294, and 310–317 exhibit significant homology and hence may represent common antigenic determinants, while one hydrophilic area at amino acid residues 83–102 exhibits sufficient divergence to suggest it may be involved in serotype specificity.
Serum Antigens of Cattle. IV. Immunogenetics of a Soluble Antigenic Determinant Derived from Lysed Erythrocytes

This paper describes an allotypic system in cattle called Ec (Erythrocyte cattle). The antigenic determinant is derived from red cells and is detected in lysates by gel precipitation with alloimmune serum. The Ecl specificity is controlled by an autosomal dominant gene and occurs with variable frequencies in different cattle breeds. The Ec system is a very useful genetic marker because the homozygous and heterozygous genotypes show a dosage effect and can be distinguished by the size of the precipitin rings in double diffusion gel precipitation tests.
The Importance of Individuality in Voting in Congress

N UMEROUS STUDENTS of politics have pointed out the importance of party affiliation in explaining political behavior. For example, in the general population party identification is the best single predictor of the vote.' On the legislative level the same is true: knowing a Congressman's or Senator's political party affiliation is the best single guide to explain his roll-call votes.2 In congressional voting, constituency influences are considered to be the second most important factor in explaining roll-call behavior, and little, if any, room is left for the influence of values and attitudes of the particular men holding the office. Thus, Turner concludes: "It appears, however, that these differences [in the voting behavior of congressmen after party affiliation has been held constant] are much more closely connected with differences in the constituencies than with differences in the personal characteristics of congressmen."3 This study will attempt to show that it does make a difference in congressional voting as to which particular Democrat or Republican holds office, and that these differences are independent of constituency differences. What we shall do is to examine the voting records
Dynamics and Collective State of Ordered Magnetic Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Systems

In this paper we present a study of superparamagnetic and superspin glass states of magnetic nanoparticles confined in mesoporous templates. Characterization utilizes dynamic magnetization techniques, ac susceptibility, and ferromagnetic resonance, in addition to dc magnetization curves. In order to differentiate between the intrinsic and collective properties, we considered three magnetic nanoparticles systems with comparable size, shape, and crystallinity but with different intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Further, confinement effects were studied by considering three different geometries of nanoparticles. The effect of the geometrical confinement and intrinsic anisotropy of the nanoparticles are discussed based on known theoretical predictions.
Analysis of picosecond and subpicosecond MSM photodiodes with very low bias voltage

Recently, 4.8-ps FWHM current pulses were generated with a 10- mu mm*15- mu GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodiode at a bias voltage of only 0.5 V. To explain this surprising result a full computer simulation was carried out to determine the pulse response as a function of the applied voltage. The simulations are in good agreement with the experiment and allow quantification of the contribution of various parameters to the pulse width. They also show that the photodiode can be used as subpicosecond sampling gate, even without the occurrence of a subpicosecond recombination mechanism, owing to the short diffusion relaxation time. A method is proposed for identifying the electron and hole currents in the photodiode by comparing the pulse response with the autocorrelation signal. >
Characterizations of the Amoroso distribution

Characterizations of the Amoroso distribution based on a simple relationship between two truncated moments are presented. A remark regarding the characterization of certain special cases of the Amoroso distribution based on hazard function is given. We will also point out that a sub-family of the Amoroso family is a member of the generalized Pearson system.
APPLICABILITY OF PITCH AND FLIGHT PATH BANDWIDTH CRITERIA TO TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT WITH FLIGHT-PATH-RATE RESPONSE SYSTEM

A piloted simulation experiment was conducted at the NASA Ames, Vertical Motion Simulator facility, in August 1999, to investigate the applicability of the Pitch Attitude and Flight Path Bandwidth criteria on a nonconventional response-type system hi large transport aircraft. Historically, these flying qualities criteria were derived using primarily classical response-type systems, such as those based on angle-of-atta ck or pitch rate. The study presented herein addresses the relevance of these criteria in cases where the aircraft is augmented to provide direct control of another state, namely flight path rate. Additionally, the effects of the Heads-Up Display (HUD) on the subject flying qualities criteria were investigated. A group of test pilots performed lateral offset approaches and landings without the HUD, with the HUD displaying actual flight path at the Inertia! Measurement Unit, and finally, with the HUD showing a commanded flight path symbol that was tuned to the dynamics of the configuration. The results suggest that the flying qualities Level 1 boundaries of the Flight Path Bandwidth criterion could be relaxed somewhat, particularly if the HUD displays flight path command that is tuned to the vehicle's augmented dynamics. However, with no HUD, and with the basic HUD showing actual flight path, the pilots' ratings validate the current criteria. The HUD itself was shown to provide a handling qualities improvement equivalent to about one Cooper-Harper Rating in configuration s that were considered by the pilots as deficient but not necessarily unacceptable. For those configurations that were deemed unacceptable, however, introduction of the HUD resulted in no appreciable benefit.