cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
After 30 Years, Problems and Prospects in the Study of Doctor–Patient Interaction

In the 1970s, two major studies established the systematic study of doctor–patient interaction as a viable research domain. The first, conducted by Korsch and Negrete (1972) at the Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles was based on observations of 800 pediatric acute care visits and used a modifield version of Bales’ (1950) Interaction Process Analysis to code the data. The results were striking. Nearly a fifth of the parents left the clinic without a clear statement of what was wrong with their child, and nearly half were left wondering what had caused their child’s illness. A quarter of the parents reported that they had not mentioned their greatest concern because of lack of opportunity or encouragement. The study uncovered a strong relationship between these and other communication failures and nonadherence with medical recommendations, showing that 56% of parents who felt that the physicians had not met their expectations were “grossly noncompliant.”
Extended abstract: The presence of professionalism in technical communication: Views from industry and the academy

In this study, we examine 184 articles from four technical communication research journals and one industry magazine that are related to professionalism of the field of technical communication. We found that the majority of the articles related to professionalism came from the industry publication. The research journals also published articles related to professionalism, but at a much lower frequency. The results of the study indicate that technical communication researchers have ceded the responsibility of studying the professionalism and the career of professional technical communicators to others.
A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Impact of One Year versus Two Years of Exposure to Interprofessional Education on Student Perceptions of Physician-Pharmacist Interprofessional Clinical Education (SPICE)

Background: Evaluating student perceptions of interprofessional education (IPE) is important to meet accreditation standards. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of one year versus two years of exposure to IPE on student perceptions, as well as evaluate differences between professions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, first and second year medical and pharmacy students enrolled in an interprofessional experiential course series at each of their respective institutions completed a perceptions instrument prior to a standardized objective behavioral assessment. Student demographics and perception scores were summarized using descriptive statistics. Chi-squared tests and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used to assess differences in demographic variables. Between-group differences in perception scores were assessed using Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests. Results: 155 students completed the instrument out of the 163 students enrolled in the course series. Overall, the median scores were ≥4 (4=Agree, 5=Strongly Agree) for all SPICE items and factors. No significant differences were observed between first and second year students in response to any of the SPICE items or factors. When comparing professions, significant differences were observed between pharmacy students and medical students that IPE “enhances my education” (p=0.003), “improves patient satisfaction” (p=0.001), and “enhances my future ability to collaborate” (p=0.001). Significant differences were also observed between pharmacy students and medical students for 2 of the 3 factors: teamwork (p=0.001) and patient outcomes (p=0.005). For all of the differences in items and factors, pharmacy students reported higher levels of agreement. Conclusions: Two years of exposure to IPE compared to one year (i.e. second year students vs. first year students) did not result in higher levels of agreement; however, agreement was high across all students which may have limited the ability to detect a difference. When perceptions are high early in the curriculum, maintaining the same level of agreement longitudinally may be a more appropriate educational outcome. Pharmacy students had higher levels of agreement compared to medical students for certain items. Further research is needed to determine if these differences have an impact on interprofessional collaboration. Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties. Type: Original Research
Patreonomics: Public goods pedagogy for economics principles

Abstract A principles of economics course presents educators with an opportunity to connect with large numbers of students from diverse educational backgrounds and majors. This diversity, however, often makes it challenging for instructors to identify pedagogical examples that are relatable to the majority of their students. In this study, we present a timely and engaging example of a public good: Patreon music creations. Patreon is an Internet company that offers an outlet for musicians to share their YouTube-based music creations with their fans. We define and illustrate the characteristics that make these musical creations public goods, explaining also how fans willingly support these creations from a financial standpoint. This study provides educators with a unique real-world example that principles of economics students will find interesting, relatable, and educational.
Surface morphology of caldera-forming eruption deposits revealed by lidar mapping of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon – Implications for deposition and surface modification

Abstract Large explosive eruptions of silicic magma can produce widespread pumice fall, extensive ignimbrite sheets, and collapse calderas. The surfaces of voluminous ignimbrites are rarely preserved or documented because most terrestrial examples are heavily vegetated, or severely modified by post-depositional processes. Much research addresses the internal sedimentary characteristics, flow processes, and depositional mechanisms of ignimbrites, however, surface features of ignimbrites are less well documented and understood, except for comparatively small-volume deposits of historical eruptions. The ~ 7700 calendar year B.P. climactic eruption of Mount Manama, USA, vented ~ 50 km 3 of magma, deposited first as rhyodacite pumice fall and then as a zoned rhyodacite-to-andesite ignimbrite as Crater Lake caldera collapsed. Lidar collected during summer 2010 reveals the remarkably well-preserved surface of the Manama ignimbrite and related deposits surrounding Crater Lake caldera in unprecedented detail despite forest cover. The ± 1 m lateral and ± 4 cm vertical resolution lidar allows surface morphologies to be classified. Surface morphologies are created by internal depositional processes and can point to the processes at work when pyroclastic flows come to rest. We describe nine surface features including furrow-ridge sets and wedge-shaped mounds in pumice fall eroded by high-energy pyroclastic surges, flow-parallel ridges that record the passage of multiple pyroclastic flows, perched benches of marginal deposits stranded by more-mobile pyroclastic-flow cores, hummocks of dense clasts interpreted as lag deposit, transverse ridges that mark the compression and imbrication of flows as they came to rest, scarps indicating ignimbrite remobilization, fields of closely spaced pits caused by phreatic explosions, fractures and cracks due to extensional processes resulting from ignimbrite volume loss, and stream channels eroded in the newly formed surface. The nine morphologies presented here illustrate a dynamic depositional environment that varied spatially and with time during the eruption, and show that multiple processes modified the ignimbrite after deposition, both during and after the eruption.
Osteochondroma mimicking meningioma: case report and literature update

We report a case of an osteochondroma in a 47-year-old woman presenting with a 2-month history of thoracic back pain that radiated down her left arm. Based on imaging features, the osteochondroma was initially thought to represent a calcified meningioma. The unusual features of the case include the location of the tumor, patient age, the erosion of the vertebra, and the confusing neuroradiological features. We review reported cases in which a solitary costal osteochondroma impinges on the neural foramina or central spinal canal and we discuss reasons for the misdiagnosis in our case.
Influence of Unilateral Muscle Fatigue in Knee and Ankle Joint on Balance and Gait in Healthy Adults

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of unilateral muscle fatigue in knee and ankle joints on balance and gait in healthy adults. Methods: Exercise inducing muscle fatigue in the knee joint consisted of concentric and eccentric contraction of dominant knee exten sors in healthy adults by using the Leg Extension Rehap exercise machine (HUR, Finland). Exercise inducing muscle fatigue in the ankle joint was composed of voluntary contractions and forced contractions of the dominant plantar flexors in healthy adults. Exercises to in duce muscle fatigue in the knee and ankle joints were performed until the subject complained of fatigue or pain, the occurrence of mus cle fatigue was confirmed by electromyography. We measured static and dynamic balance using the Good Balance system and gait per formance by RS-scan. Results: Static and dynamic balance ability and spatial-temporal gait decreased significantly after muscle fatigue in knee and ankle joint. Conclusion: These results show that unilateral muscle fatigue of the lower extremities affected postural control and gait. Therefore, therapists and sport trainers should minimize the risks of fall and injuries related to unilateral muscle fatigue.
Individual differences in personality change across the adult life span.

Objective: A precise and comprehensive description of personality continuity and change across the lifespan is the bedrock upon which theories of personality development are built. Little research has quantified the degree to which individuals deviate from mean-level developmental trends. In this study, we addressed this gap by examining individual differences in personality trait change across the life span. Method: Data came from a nationally representative sample of 9,636 Dutch participants who provided Big Five self-reports at five assessment waves across 7 years. We divided our sample into fourteen age groups (ages 16-84 at initial measurement) and estimated latent growth curve models to describe individual differences in personality change across the study period for each trait and age group. Results: Across the adult lifespan, individual differences in personality change were small but significant until old age. For openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, individual differences in change were most pronounced in emerging adulthood and decreased throughout midlife and old age. For emotional stability, individual differences in change were relatively consistent across the lifespan. Conclusions: These results inform theories of lifespan development and provide future directions for research on the causes and conditions of personality change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A comprehensive review of Asherman's syndrome: causes, symptoms and treatment options.

Purpose of reviewIntrauterine adhesions, also known as Asherman's syndrome, can have an impact on both reproductive outcomes and gynaecologic symptoms. Understanding the cause of intrauterine adhesions and the common clinical presentation will increase awareness of the condition and guide the patien
Infrared Super-continuum Light Sources and Their Applications

Super-continuum (SC) lasers combine the broadband attributes of lamps with the spatial coherence and high brightness of lasers. By exploiting a modulational instability (MI)-initiated SC mechanism, an all-fiber-integrated SC laser with no moving parts is demonstrated using commercial off-the-shelf components in a simple architecture. The dominant mechanism for the long-wavelength expansion of the SC is based on the Raman effect in the fiber. Since the Raman effect is self-phase matched, the long-wavelength edge of the SC spectrum can fill the transparency band of the SC generation fiber for sufficient fiber length and/or peak power. On the other hand, the short-wavelength edge of the SC can be determined by nonlinear processes such as four-wave mixing, which may require phase matching and appropriate group velocity dispersion.
Ultra-processed Food Intake and Obesity: What Really Matters for Health—Processing or Nutrient Content?

The aim of this narrative review was to summarize and critique recent evidence evaluating the association between ultra-processed food intake and obesity. Four of five studies found that higher purchases or consumption of ultra-processed food was associated with overweight/obesity. Additional studies reported relationships between ultra-processed food intake and higher fasting glucose, metabolic syndrome, increases in total and LDL cholesterol, and risk of hypertension. It remains unclear whether associations can be attributed to processing itself or the nutrient content of ultra-processed foods. Only three of nine studies used a prospective design, and the potential for residual confounding was high. Recent research provides fairly consistent support for the association of ultra-processed food intake with obesity and related cardiometabolic outcomes. There is a clear need for further studies, particularly those using longitudinal designs and with sufficient control for confounding, to potentially confirm these findings in different populations and to determine whether ultra-processed food consumption is associated with obesity independent of nutrient content.
An exploratory study of population differences based on massive database of physiological responses to music

Understanding the relationship between music and physiological indicators of emotion is a critical part of affective computing. However, the limitations of small sample sizes make it hard to draw convincing and practical conclusions. In this paper, we extend an unsupervised clustering method to a massive music-electrophysiological dataset which contains 6,509 valid samples. After clustering the people who have similar electrodermal activity (EDA) responses to music, we apply Chi-square test and ANOVA to the questionnaires associated with the EDA responses. The results reveal the impact of demographic factors (i.e. gender, age, and nationality) on EDA responses, as well as the relationships between self-reported emotional responses and bodily EDA responses to music at a much higher confidence level than previous studies.
Spatially varying auto-regressive models for prediction of new human immunodeficiency virus diagnoses

In demand of predicting new HIV diagnosis rates based on publicly available HIV data that is abundant in space but has few points in time, we propose a class of spatially varying autoregressive (SVAR) models compounded with conditional autoregressive (CAR) spatial correlation structures. We then propose to use the copula approach and a flexible CAR formulation to model the dependence between adjacent counties. These models allow for spatial and temporal correlation as well as space-time interactions and are naturally suitable for predicting HIV cases and other spatio-temporal disease data that feature a similar data structure. We apply the proposed models to HIV data over Florida, California and New England states and compare them to a range of linear mixed models that have been recently popular for modeling spatio-temporal disease data. The results show that for such data our proposed models outperform the others in terms of prediction.
Student Perceptions of a Summer Robotics Camp Experience

ABSTRACTResearch on the effectiveness of STEM-focused (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-focused) schools and other learning experiences (e.g., short-term camps) on student outcomes is sparse. This study documented perceptions of STEM content and careers for elementary, middle, and secondary school students participating in university-based summer camps focused on robotics. Attitudes before and after the camp experiences were compared across gender groups and grade levels. Middle school students showed greater growth on the surveys compared to their elementary and secondary school peers. Implications for the design and evaluation of STEM experiences include looking at longer, more intensive experiences.
Tracking Happiness of Different US Cities from Tweets

Research into the possibilities of Twitter data has grown greatly over the past few years. Studies have shown its potential in identifying and managing disasters, predicting flu trends, predicting the success of movies at the box office, and analyzing people’s emotions. In this study, tweets from Twitter were collected and analyzed from nine different cities across America. East Carolina University’s Hadoop cluster was used to run our application and the Stanford CoreNLP was then used to give the sentiment of each statement in the tweets. Although our research reviled small distinction between nine individual cities in the percentage of positive, negative, and neutral statements, but however, there were significant differences in overall statements, where up 47.88% of all the statements were neutral, positive statements only 14.95%, while 37.16% of the statements were negative.
Advances in the Management of Cerebral Metastases

Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors in adults (23,48,62). Their incidence is thought to be increasing as a result of several factors, namely, early detection secondary to advances in diagnostic technology and prolonged survival from improved systemic chemotherapy.
Trigeminal neurinomas: surgical considerations

Trigeminal neurinomas, second only to acoustic lesions in incidence among neurinomas, exhibit characteristic clinical, radiographic, and anatomical features the understanding of which is crucial to accurate diagnosis and efficient surgical planning. Compared to other lesions of the region, the surgery of trigeminal neurinomas demands unique consideration. Others have stressed the importance of radical surgery (emphasizing that only total resection leads to ‘cure’), and recurrence rates following partial resection, particularly of cystic tumors, is higher for trigeminal neurinomas than acoustic neurinomas [15].
Impact of cesium on the phase and device stability of triple cation Pb–Sn double halide perovskite films and solar cells

Triple cation Cs/methylammonium (MA)/formamidinium (FA) and double halide Br/I lead perovskites improved the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). However, their effects on alloyed Pb–Sn perovskites are unexplored. In this work, perovskite thin films with the composition Csx(MA0.17FA0.83)1−xPb1−ySny(I0.83Br0.17)3 are synthesized utilizing a one-step solution process plus an anti-solvent wash technique and deployed in PVSCs with an inverted architecture. All films show a cubic crystal structure, demonstrating that compositional tuning of both the tolerance factor and crystallization rate allows for dense, single phase formation. The band gaps, affected by both lattice constriction and octahedral tilting, show opposite trends in Pb-rich or Sn-rich perovskites with the increase of Cs for fixed Sn compositions. The Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb0.25Sn0.75(I0.83Br0.17)3 PVSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.05%, a record for any PVSC containing 75% Sn perovskites, and the Cs0.10(MA0.17FA0.83)0.90Pb0.75Sn0.25(I0.83Br0.17)3 PVSCs reach a record PCE of 15.78%. Moreover, the triple cation and double halide alloyed Pb–Sn perovskites exhibit improved device stability under inert and ambient conditions. This study, which illustrates the impact of cation and halide tuning on alloyed Pb–Sn perovskites, can be used to further eliminate Pb and improve device performance of high Sn PVSCs and other optoelectronic devices.
Phase diagram of the SU(2) Kondo lattice

We examine the SU(2) Kondo Lattice Model, for simple cubic lattices with various magnitudes of the localized spins j and numbers of conduction electrons, nc. For j=1/2, the system undergoes transitions from the paramagnetic to magnetically ordered states. The sequence of low-temperature magnetic states found on increasing nc is symmetric about half-filling and exhibits a preference for commensurate phases over incommensurate phases. On increasing nc from small values, the sequence of magnetic orderings consists of: ferromagnetic phases, planes of ferromagnetically spins which are sequentially twisted by nc-dependent angles, ferromagnetic planes of spins that are aligned antiferromagnetically, antiferromagnetic planes of spins in which the Neel order parameters are twisted through incommensurate angles. Neel order is most stable around half-filling. Magnetic ordered phases are found to be more stable than the Kondo phase for j=1/2, but larger j values may stabilize the Kondo phase. For j=3/2 the sequence of magnetic ordering with increasing nc is the same but, depending on the value of the strength of the Kondo interaction, the Kondo phase may be stabilized in a window 4 ≥ nc ≥ 2. In accordance with Nozieres’s arguments, we find that magnetic ordering is dominant for almost filled and almost empty bands.We examine the SU(2) Kondo Lattice Model, for simple cubic lattices with various magnitudes of the localized spins j and numbers of conduction electrons, nc. For j=1/2, the system undergoes transitions from the paramagnetic to magnetically ordered states. The sequence of low-temperature magnetic states found on increasing nc is symmetric about half-filling and exhibits a preference for commensurate phases over incommensurate phases. On increasing nc from small values, the sequence of magnetic orderings consists of: ferromagnetic phases, planes of ferromagnetically spins which are sequentially twisted by nc-dependent angles, ferromagnetic planes of spins that are aligned antiferromagnetically, antiferromagnetic planes of spins in which the Neel order parameters are twisted through incommensurate angles. Neel order is most stable around half-filling. Magnetic ordered phases are found to be more stable than the Kondo phase for j=1/2, but larger j values may stabilize the Kondo phase. For j=3/2 the sequence o...
Discordance in Antenatal Corticosteroid Use and Resuscitation Following Extremely Preterm Birth.

Objective To describe discordance in antenatal corticosteroid use and resuscitation following extremely preterm birth and its relationship with infant survival and neurodevelopment. Study design A multicenter cohort study of 4858 infants 22-26 weeks of gestation born 2006-2011 at 24 US hospitals participating in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, with follow-up through 2013. Survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes were available at 18-22 months of corrected age for 4576 (94.2%) infants. We described antenatal interventions, resuscitation, and infant outcomes. We modeled the effect on infant outcomes of each hospital increasing antenatal corticosteroid exposure for resuscitated infants born at 22-24 weeks of gestation to rates observed at 25-26 weeks of gestation. Results Discordant antenatal corticosteroid use and resuscitation, where one and not the other occurred, were more frequent for births at 22 and 23 but not 24 weeks (rate ratio [95% CI] at 22 weeks: 1.7 [1.3-2.2]; 23 weeks: 2.6 [2.2-3.2]; 24 weeks: 1.0 [0.8-1.2]) when compared with 25-26 weeks. Among infants resuscitated at 23 weeks, adjusting each hospital's rate of antenatal corticosteroid use to the average at 25-26 weeks (89.2%) was projected to increase infant survival by 7.1% (95% CI 5.4-8.8%) and survival without severe impairment by 6.4% (95% CI 4.7-8.1%). No significant change in outcomes was projected for infants resuscitated at 22 weeks, where few (n = 22) resuscitated infants received antenatal corticosteroids. Conclusions Infants born at 23 weeks were more frequently resuscitated without antenatal corticosteroids than other extremely preterm infants. When resuscitation is intended, consistent provision of antenatal corticosteroids may increase infant survival and survival without impairment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00063063 (Generic Database) and NCT00009633 (Follow-Up Study)
Abstract # 3199 Differences in Endothelial Progenitor Cell Outgrowth and Cardio-autonomic Function with Hypertension and HIV Disease Comorbidity

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are associated with cardiovascular function and their numbers decline with older age hypertensive risk and HIV infectionisease burden. Emergent evidence suggests that their functionality and presence may be related to cardio-autonomic and psychological functioning. This study examined whether in a sample of post-menopausal (PM) women (n = 5 HIV+/HTN + mean PM age = 53, n = 11 HIV+/HTN- mean PM age = 57, n = 6 HIV-/HTN + mean PM age = 53, or n = 14 HIV-/HTN- mean PM age = 53) ex vivo expansion of EPC counts derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells covary with measures of high and low frequency heart rate variability. Mononuclear cells were isolated from each subject’s blood sample and incubated for 15 days in a fibronectin coated flask at 37 degrees Celsius, with the EPC medium changed every 2–3 days. Total cell, cluster, and spindle counts were recorded every 5 days for 2 weeks at 3 different time points labeled (t1, t2, and t3). After 10 days, EPC counts were significantly lower in HIV + HTN + and HIV + HTN- women compared to HIV-HTN+ (ps
Dilated cardiomyopathy-mediated heart failure induces a unique skeletal muscle myopathy with inflammation

Skeletal muscle myopathy and exercise intolerance are diagnostic hallmarks of heart failure (HF). However, the molecular adaptations of skeletal muscles during dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-mediated HF are not completely understood. Skeletal muscle structure and function were compared in wild-type (WT) and cardiac myosin binding protein-C null mice (t/t), which develop DCM-induced HF. Cardiac function was examined by echocardiography. Exercise tolerance was measured using a graded maximum treadmill running test. Hindlimb muscle function was assessed in vivo from measurements of plantar flexor strength. Inflammatory status was evaluated from the expression of inflammatory markers and the presence of specific immune cell types in gastrocnemius muscles. Muscle regenerative capacityat days 3, 7, and 14 after eccentric contraction-induced injury was determined from the number of phenotypically new and adult fibers in the gastrocnemius, and functional recovery of plantar flexion torque. t/t mice developed DCM-induced HF in association with profound exercise intolerance, consistent with previous reports. Compared to WT, t/t mouse hearts show significant hypertrophy of the atria and ventricles and reduced fractional shortening, both systolic and diastolic. In parallel, the skeletal muscles of t/t mice exhibit weakness and myopathy. Compared to WT, plantar flexor muscles of t/t null mice produce less peak isometric plantar torque (Po), develop torque more slowly (+ dF/dt), and relax more slowly (− dF/dt, longer half-relaxation times,1/2RT). Gastrocnemius muscles of t/t mice have a greater number of fibers with smaller diameters and central nuclei. Oxidative fibers, both type I and type IIa, show significantly smaller cross-sectional areas and more central nuclei. These fiber phenotypes suggest ongoing repair and regeneration under homeostatic conditions. In addition, the ability of muscles to recover and regenerate after acute injury is impaired in t/t mice. Our studies concluded that DCM-induced HF induces a unique skeletal myopathy characterized by decreased muscle strength, atrophy of oxidative fiber types, ongoing inflammation and damage under homeostasis, and impaired regeneration after acute muscle injury. Furthermore, this unique myopathy in DCM-induced HF likely contributes to and exacerbates exercise intolerance. Therefore, efforts to develop therapeutic interventions to treat skeletal myopathy during DCM-induced HF should be considered.
2013 Banff Criteria for Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection Are Superior to 2007 Banff Criteria in the Diagnosis and Assessment of Renal Allograft Outcomes.

Abstract Background The 2013 Banff meeting updated the requirements for the diagnosis of acute/active antibody-mediated rejection (AAMR) in kidney allografts. There has been speculation that the changes lower the threshold for diagnosing AAMR, and may lead to possible unnecessary and expensive treatment. Methods We compared the 2013 Banff classification for AAMR to the previous 2007 Banff to determine if there was an increase in the number of patients receiving a diagnosis of AAMR and if the diagnosis affected allograft survival and post-biopsy 3-month and 6-month creatinine and eGFR values. Results A total of 212 renal allograft biopsies were compared to both 2007 and 2013 Banff classification requirements for AAMR. Ten patients (11 biopsies) met the 2007 criteria. An additional 15 patients (20 biopsies) met the 2013 criteria. These 2 groups showed no statistically significant demographic differences. By applying the 2013 Banff classification, we observed a 2.5-fold increase in the number of AAMR cases. One-year post-transplant allograft survival was higher in the 2013 group (.85 vs .55) and the 3-month and 6-month post-biopsy creatinine values were significantly lower for the 2013 group (1.6 ± .6 vs 3.3 ± 2.2, P value .01, and 1.7 ± .6 vs 3.4 ± 2.8, P value .03). The 3-month and 6-month eGFR values were higher in the 2013 group, although not statistically significant. Conclusions These results suggest that use of Banff 2013 criteria in place of Banff 2007 may result in diagnosing milder and earlier cases of AAMR with the possibility of initiating earlier treatment and improving graft outcomes.
Exact chiral-spin-liquid state in a Kitaev-type spin model

We study a frustrated two-dimensional lattice spin model with Kitaev-type interaction. The lattice is obtained from the honeycomb lattice by replacing half of its sites with triangles. Using the SO(3) Majorana representation of spin, the model is exactly mapped into a ${Z}_{2}$ lattice gauge theory of complex fermions with standard Gauss law constraint. We show that the ground state of the model is a chiral spin liquid, and it has gapless excitations. The Chern number of the ground state is $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$, implying the existence of a chiral edge mode. The vortex excitation of the model is bound with a Majorana zero mode, such mode behaves as non-Abelian anyons.
NOVEL XRCC4 MUTATIONS IN AN INFANT WITH MICROCEPHALIC PRIMORDIAL DWARFISM, DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY, SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM, AND EARLY DEATH: EXPANDING THE PHENOTYPE OF XRCC4 MUTATIONS.

ABSTRACT Objective: Microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders which result in severe prenatal and postnatal growth failure. X-ray repa...
An Independent Study Course by an Academic Library Department: Teaching with the Gems of Special Collections

Special collections in academic libraries provide rich learning environments for student engagement. This article describes the introduction of an independent study course by an academic library department as a high-impact educational practice supporting undergraduate research. Under the supervision of the faculty archivist, the student in this study was challenged to discover and research “gems,” unusual or significant items, on a topic of her choosing. She selected three works related to James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake, showcasing her research at the university’s Student Faculty Research Symposium and creating a library display as her final project. This case study explores background information and describes the course, its inception, and the student’s project. It includes a discussion of benefits and challenges, transferability, scalability, and the application of a constructivist approach to teaching and learning. Limitations and further research are also included in this study.
Cooking Method and USDA Quality Grade Affect Consumer Palatability and Flavor of beef strip Loin Steaks

Consumer sensory analysis (n = 288) was conducted, along with cooking loss, slice shear force (SSF), pressed juice percentage (PJP), and volatile compound analyses, to evaluate the effects of different dry heat cooking methods. Specifically, an electric clamshell grill (CLAM), flat top gas grill (FLAT), charbroiler gas grill (CHAR), and salamander gas broiler (SAL) were used to cook beef strip loin steaks from 4 USDA quality grades [Prime, Top (upper 2/3) Choice, Low (lower 1/3) Choice, and Select)] to determine the palatability. Cooking method and quality grade influenced (P 0.05) SSF or PJP. Both cooking method and quality grade impacted (P < 0.05) the headspace concentration of some volatile compounds in the alcohol, n-aldehyde, Strecker aldehyde, and furan groups. Cooking method also affected all pyrazines, and quality grade had an effect on 1 ketone (P < 0.05). These results indicate cooking method had a significant impact on consumer palatability ratings and objective measures of beef flavor, and those results were consistent across a range of quality grades.
Effects of plant-derived analgesic compounds sinomenine and salvinorin A in infant rats.

Abstract Objective Premature and ill neonates undergo painful but medically necessary procedures while hospitalized. Although opiate drugs are administered as analgesics, problems associated with their side effects, tolerance, and potential dependence necessitate research into alternative pain-relieving medications. Here we test two plant-derived compounds in infant rats: sinomenine, which targets the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor member X2 opioid receptor; and salvinorin A, which is a κ opioid receptor agonist. In adult animals both sinomenine and salvinorin A are analgesic, but neither has been tested in infants. Methods We used the formalin and thermal plantar tests in rats 7 and 21 days of age (PN7 and PN21) for behavioral signs of pain. In addition, brain sections were stained using Fos immunohistochemistry to examine patterns of brain activation in the midbrain periaqueductal gray and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Results Sinomenine was analgesic in both the formalin and thermal tests on animals 21 days of age. At PN7 only the highest dose elevated response latencies in the thermal test and there were no effects of sinomenine in the formalin test. Analysis of Fos expression in the sinomenine-treated animals showed no drug effect, in contrast to the behavioral results. Salvinorin A was analgesic in the formalin test only at the highest dose at 21 days of age but not in the thermal test at either age. Conclusion The increased modest effectiveness of sinomenine in older animals and the minimum salvinorin A drug effect suggest that the compounds act on sites that develop during the preweaning period (sinomenine) or after weaning (salvinorin A).
Efficacy and Safety of Outpatient Clinic-based Elective External Electrical Cardioversion in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Little is known about the outcomes of outpatient clinic-based elective external cardioversion (OPC-ECV) for persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF). We investigated the acute, short-term, and long-term elective external cardioversion (ECV) outcomes. METHODS We included 1,718 patients who underwent OPC-ECV (74% male, 61.1±11.0 years old, 90.9% long-standing PeAF, 9.1% after atrial fibrillation [AF] ablation) after excluding patients with atrial tachycardia or inappropriate antiarrhythmic drug medication, and in-patient ECV. Biphasic shocks were delivered sequentially until successful cardioversion was achieved (70-100-150-200-250 J). If ECV failed at 150 J, we administered intravenous amiodarone 150 mg and delivered 200 J. RESULTS ECV failed in 11.4%, and the complication rate was 0.47%. Within 3 months, AF recurred in 55.5% (44.7% as sustaining AF, 10.8% as paroxysmal AF), and the AF duration was independently associated (odds ratio [OR], 1.01 [1.00-1.02]; p=0.006), but amiodarone was independently protective (OR, 0.46 [0.27-0.76]; p=0.002, Log rank p<0.001) against an early recurrence. Regarding the long-term recurrence, pre-ECV heart failure was protective against an AF recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.63 [0.41-0.96], p=0.033) over 32 (9-66) months of follow-up. ECV energy (p<0.001) and early recurrence rate within 3 months (p=0.007, Log rank p=0.006) were significantly lower in post-ablation patients than in those with long-standing persistent AF. CONCLUSIONS The success rate of OPC-ECV was 88.6%, and the complication rate was low. However, AF recurred in 55.5% within 3 months. Amiodarone was protective against short-term AF recurrences, and long-term AF recurrences were less in patients with baseline heart failure.
Footloose and fancy-free: Online travel advice to older and younger women

Increasing numbers of women, of all ages, are choosing to travel alone – a trend accompanied by online articles providing advice to them. However, we are aware of only one study examining these art...
Magical Realism in the Novels of Bessie Head

This essay is launched from a surprising claim: that the novels of South African born author Bessie Head should be considered part of the literary tradition of magical realism. The claim is surprising given both prevailing understandings of magical realism and the critical reception of Head’s fiction. Revisiting When Rain Clouds Gather, Maru, and A Question of Power, however, challenges entrenched understandings of both magical realism and categorizations of Head’s fiction as regional realist literature. Head’s working-class, multiform, hybrid fictions re-signify magical realism as a mode of world literature from below. They demonstrate how rural and village life, subjects of allegedly provincial literary forms, become sites of magic that spark critical interactions with global geo- and eco-politics as modes of world literature.
“And Understand I am a Person and Not Just a Number:” Reproductive Healthcare Experiences of Italian Women

Patient-centered care may provide women autonomy in their reproductive health choices. The study’s objective was to explore Italian women’s reproductive health decision-making experiences through a...
Adolescent Sexual Development: A Family Perspective.

Adolescent sexual development is informed by individual, relational, generational, institutional, and cultural perspectives. Families matter: they are the social institution at the intersection of ...
Variability in wildland fuel patches following high-severity fire and post-fire treatments in the northern Sierra Nevada

Surface fuel loads are highly variable in many wildland settings, which can have many important ecological effects, especially during a wildland fire. This variability is not well described by a single metric (e.g. mean load), so quantifying traits such as variability, continuity and spatial arrangement will help more precisely describe surface fuels. This study measured surface fuel variability in the northern Sierra Nevada of California following a high-severity fire that converted a mixed-conifer forest to shrub-dominant vegetation, both before and after a subsequent shrub removal treatment conducted as site preparation for reforestation. Data were collected on vegetation composition, spatial arrangement and biomass load of the common surface fuel components (1–1000-h woody fuel, litter, duff and shrubs). Mean shrub patch length decreased significantly from 9.25 to 1.0 m and mean dead and down surface fuel load decreased significantly from 131.4 to 73.4 Mg ha−1. Additionally, probability of encountering a continuous high fuel load segment decreased after treatment. This work demonstrates a method of quantifying important spatial characteristics of surface fuel that could be used in the next generation of fire behaviour models and provides metrics that land managers may consider when designing post-fire reforestation treatments.
The phenomenon of position effect.

Publisher Summary The phenomenon of position effect has long been recognized as a fundamental problem in the genetic theory, and one that should throw light on the organization of the chromosomes as well as on the primary reactions of specific genes. This chapter highlights the major developments in the field of position effect taking Drosophila as an example, together with a discussion of the properties and possible mechanisms. Position effects in Drosophila can be divided into rather two distinct categories: (a) the variegated or V-type, associated with a mosaic phenotype and (b) the stable or S-type, in which a phenotypic change occurs that is similar to, if not identical with, that of a stable intragenic mutation. The V-type appears to be detectable whenever a gene normally lying in euchromatin is brought next to heterochromatin, provided certain other conditions, not fully understood, are obtained. They are subject to an almost bewildering number and variety of modifying factors.
Probing the elephant: how do the parts fit together?

In keeping with the themes and objectives of the conference, the authors of the five main papers attempted to approach software as a whole, each viewing it from a different perspective. The result may seem at first a bit like the proverbial report of a team of blind persons on their tactile investigation of an elephant: depending on the part they touched, it resembled a tree, a snake, a rope, and so on. At least they had an elephant to touch. Here, the authors and their commentators are grappling with a seemingly amorphous object, appropriately called software, which is invisible and intangible, yet produces visible and tangible effects in the world. To have those effects, it must run on hardware, and at a fundamental level it must fit that hardware so precisely as to become indistinguishable from it. Yet, at higher levels of abstraction software has an existence independent of hardware, which indeed has all but disappeared from the view of a large majority of people engaged in computing. Users and producers program virtual machines defined in terms of concepts rather than circuits and reflecting human purposes rather than computer architecture. Software encompasses both the product and the means of that process. That is, one may think in terms of virtual machines because software exists to translate the virtual into the real. Software is thus multilayered, and complexity makes it hard to see through the layers. Depending on where one stands and how one tries to grab hold of it, software assumes a variety of appearances.
Location of the T4 Gene 32 Protein Binding Site on Simian Virus 40 DNA

Abstract The T4 gene 32 protein, which binds to single-stranded but not duplex DNA, forms a specifically located denaturation loop in covalently closed circular simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA. Cleavage of the SV40 DNA-gene 32 protein complex with a restriction endonuclease from Hemophilus parainfluenzae shows the loop center to be at 0.46 on the SV40 DNA map. This is within one of the regions of SV40 DNA cleaved preferentially by the single-strand-specific nuclease S1.
Conjugation in the Dimorphic Chromomycosis Fungus Phialophora dermatitidis

Abstract Phase-contrast microscope observations of the dimorphic fungus Phialophora dermatitidis revealed that thick-walled yeasts often tended to form aggregates and then to conjugate. Fusions were also observed among hyphae derived from the thick-walled yeasts.
Washington Rules: America's Path to Permanent War

For the last half century, as administrations have come and gone, the fundamental assumptions about America's military policy have remained unchanged: American security requires the United States (and us alone) to maintain a permanent armed presence around the globe, to prepare our forces for military operations in far-flung regions, and to be ready to intervene anywhere at any time. In the Obama era, just as in the Bush years, these beliefs remain unquestioned gospel. In a vivid, incisive analysis, Andrew J. Bacevich succinctly presents the origins of this consensus, forged at a moment when American power was at its height. He exposes the preconceptions, biases, and habits that underlie our pervasive faith in military might, especially the notion that overwhelming superiority will oblige others to accommodate America's needs and desires - whether for cheap oil, cheap credit, or cheap consumer goods. And he challenges the usefulness of our militarism as it has become both unaffordable and increasingly dangerous. Though our politicians deny it, American global might is faltering. This is the moment, Bacevich argues, to reconsider the principles which shape American policy in the world - to acknowledge that fixing Afghanistan should not take precedence over fixing Detroit. Replacing this Washington consensus is crucial to America's future, and may yet offer the key to the country's salvation.
Raman spectral imaging of prostate cancer: can Raman molecular imaging be used to augment standard histopathology?

Study Type – Diagnostic (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2b OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether Raman molecular imaging (RMI, which combines digital imaging and analytical spectroscopy to evaluate the biochemical composition of interrogated material) can be used to identify biochemical differences in patients with Gleason 7 prostate cancer who progress to metastatic disease and die from prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified 38 patients who had a radical prostatectomy for Gleason 7 adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Half progressed to metastatic disease and half had no evidence of disease after treatment. Patients were matched for preoperative prostate-specific antigen level, surgical margin status, pathological stage, tumour volume, age at surgery, year of surgery and DNA ploidy. Sequential 5 µm sections were obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue and one genitourinary pathologist selected areas of tumour for study. Principal component analysis was used to investigate the correlation between spectral response and clinical outcome. RESULTS The analysis was able to distinguish between those with progressive disease and those with no evidence of disease, most notably within the Gleason 3 regions when evaluating the epithelium and stroma as separate histological elements. A two-sample t-test gave P < 0.01 for both the Gleason 3 and 4 epithelium and stroma classes. CONCLUSIONS RMI is a novel technique that shows promise for identifying patients at risk of progression by visualizing molecular information not seen using other current methods. In Gleason 7 disease, RMI shows distinctive chemical differences in patients who progress to metastatic disease in both Gleason pattern 3 and 4 regions. This preliminary work lays the foundation for the further study of RMI for evaluating prostate tissue.