cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The bactericidal action of beta progesterone.

Abstract In a study of bacteriologically proved and clinically suspected cases of acute gonorrhea it was shown by Koch, 1947, that negative cultures are associated with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, when progesterone activity and acidity of the cervical mucus are at their height. Swartz, Shohl, and Davis, 1920, proved the acid-death point of the gonococcus, in vitro, to be pH 6.6. On the basis of the above data experiments were made to determine whether or not pure crystalline beta progesterone would have any effect upon the viability of the gonococcus in vitro, if incorporated in a medium adjusted to a favorable pH for growth of the organism, and in a slightly acid medium. Other members of the Neisseria and representatives of the gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were also included in this study. In 1943, Faulkner made an extensive in vitro study of the effect of estrogens upon a group of organisms and concluded that diethylstilbestrol was bactericidal and in a lesser concentration bacteriostatic to the gram-positive cocci, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Neisseria catarrhalis . No inhibitory action was obtained upon the growth of gram-negative bacilli. The minimal lethal concentration varied between 1:5,000 and 1:50,000. Estrone, estradiol, and diethyloxytriphenolbromoethylene did not have any bactericidal action. Sabatelli, 1946, reported that high doses of "folliculin" (16 and 32 I.U. per 10 ml. of ascitic agar) have an inhibitory action upon the growth of the gonococcus in vitro, but no mention was made of the specific estrogenic hormones used. Koch, 1947, was unable to obtain any inhibition of growth of the gonococcus using concentrations of 1:5,000 and 1:10,000 of pure crystalline alpha estradiol incorporated in pancreatic digest broth pH 7.4.
Methodological Wishes for the Next Decade and How to Make Wishes Come True

We discuss seven methodological improvements that would stimulate important advancements in management research. We refer to these improvements as �wishes� that we hope will materialize within the next decade. To promote the implementation of these improvements, we offer concrete and actionable recommendations that researchers can apply when designing and conducting empirical research and that journal editors and reviewers can consider when evaluating manuscripts for publication. These improvements address: (1) accelerating theoretical progress; (2) improving the construct validity of measures; (3) strengthening causal inferences; (4) incorporating multilevel design, measurement, and analysis; (5) balancing trade-offs between internal and external validity, (6) understanding the nature and impact of outliers; and (7) offering a realistic and useful description of a study's limitations
A solution to the discrete-time ARE

New recursive formulae are given to compute the solution of the algebraic Riccati equation for single-input, discrete-time systems. This note is an extension of results obtained for continuous-time systems.
Abstract P275: Physical Activity Among Married Couples in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

The positive impact of physical activity on health is broadly recognized; however, there has been little progress toward meeting population targets for physical activity levels. Although similarities in some health behaviors have been shown in couples, there are few reports on the concordance of change in physical activity among married couples. We studied this concordance and changes over time in physical activity among 3,261 married couples from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study during a 6-year period (from visit 1: 1987-1989 to visit 3: 1993-1995). Physical activity was measured using the Baecke questionnaire and indices ranged from 1 (low) to 5 (high). At visit 1, mean (SD) sport/exercise index was 2.6 (0.8) for men and 2.4 (0.8) for women, while the leisure index was 2.4 (0.5) for men and 2.5 (0.6) for women. Correlations between spouses were 0.20 for the sport/exercise index and 0.22 for the leisure index. In linear regression models adjusted for individual and spousal characteris...
Mechanism of action of thrombin on fibrinogen: IV. Further mapping of the active sites of thrombin and trypsin

Abstract A series of tetrapeptide amides has been prepared as potential substrates for thrombin and trypsin in an effort to “map” the active sites of these two enzymes. This series of peptides consists of variations on the sequence Gly-Val-Arg-Gly, which is the same sequence as that of the α (A)-chain of bovine fibrinogen around the arg-gly bond which is hydrolyzed by thrombin. The hydrolysis of these peptides by thrombin and trypsin was first examined qualitatively by product analysis on thin-layer chromatography to see if the reaction proceeded at a measurable rate. When this was the case, the rates of hydrolysis were measured. The data indicate that thrombin specificity is dependent on interactions between the enzyme and all three of the amino acids to the “left” of the arg-gly bond. Replacement of arginine (P i ) by ornithine inhibits hydrolysis. Replacement of valine (P 2 ) by glycine, and glycine (P 3 ) by alanine or leucine reduces the rates of hydrolysis markedly, indicating that subsite S 2 of thrombin is attracted to nonpolar residues, and that subsite S 3 may be quite narrow. Trypsin exhibits similar behavior in subsites S 1 and S 2 , but not in S 3 . Replacement of glycine (P 1 ′) to the “right” of the arg-gly bond by alanine increases the rates of hydrolysis markedly for both enzymes. Further replacement of alanine by leucine reduces the rate for thrombin, but increases the binding for trypsin. This result, as well as the one for subsite S 3 , is consistent with the hypothesis that the active site cleft of thrombin may be quite narrow.
Low- and high-field transport studies for semiconducting carbon nanotubes

Abstract We calculate low- and high-field electron transport characteristics for semiconducting, single-wall, zigzag carbon nanotubes with diameters ranging from small to relatively large. The Boltzmann transport equation is solved directly using an iterative technique and indirectly by the ensemble Monte Carlo method. The basis for the transport calculation is provided by electronic structure calculations within the framework of a simple tight-binding model. Scattering mechanisms considered are due to the electron–phonon interactions involving longitudinal acoustic, longitudinal optic, and radial breathing-mode phonons. Results show significant effects of tube diameter on both low- and high-field transport characteristics.
Early techniques of extracorporeal circulation.

In the years just prior to 1953 and those remaining in the decade, several other groups also were actively involved in developing in the laboratory and then applying clinically a practical heart-lung machine. By the late 1950s, cardiopulmonary bypass was firmly established as a practical adjunct for surgeons performing open-heart surgery. There exists abundant documentation in the literature on how extracorporeal circulation was conducted in animals, and, once confidence was gained, how perfusion was managed during the earliest clinical experiences. Important details, such as choosing the appropriate priming solutions and blood flow rate, proper management of anticoagulation and its reversal, blood gases and acid-base status, blood volume and pressures, assessing the adequacy of perfusion, and weaning were clarified mostly by trial and error. Reports of both failures and successes were openly communicated at surgical meetings and in print and allowed further improvements to be made, thus enabling cardiac surgery to be performed for pathology previously considered hopeless. A variety of equipment and safety devices were used, and a myriad of set-up and cannulation techniques were described. Sterilization of all blood contacting components, an issue taken for granted today, was yet one more stumbling block in the transition to safe and reproducible results using cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery. Perfusion hypothermia did not gain wide acceptance until the late 1950s, and temperature management in early cases consisted primarily of maintaining the animals’ and patients’ temperatures normothermic. Despite a few early successes in the early 1950s, use of extracorporeal circulation to facilitate openheart surgery was not assured, as failures far outnumbered successes. Even in centers that accumulated modest series, mostly for congenital or valvular surgery, mortality rates sometimes exceeded 50%. These failures were usually due to complex patient anatomy for which surgical procedures had yet to be perfected or were due to errors in preoperative diagnosis; perfusion per se was rarely blamed for the deaths of patients who failed to survive open-heart operations in that era.
Two types of depth discrimination by the human infant with five inches of visual depth

Infants 61/2-15 months of age were tested on the visual cliff with the textured visual surface 5 in. below the glass. Infants were called by the mother from the bisection of shallow and deep sides or from across the deep side. The bisection condition was a threshold in that only 73% of the infants went to the shallow side compared to over 907c at greater visual depths. Most infants could be coaxed across the deep side at 5-in. visual depth, a big change from the 10-in. visual depth, particularly for infants over 10 months of age, few of whom crossed the deep side with 10-in. visual depth.
Critical Transport in Weakly Disordered Semiconductors and Semimetals

Motivated by Weyl semimetals and weakly doped semiconductors, we study transport in a weakly disordered semiconductor with a power-law quasiparticle dispersion ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathbf{k}}\ensuremath{\propto}{k}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$. We show, that in $2\ensuremath{\alpha}$ dimensions short-correlated disorder experiences logarithmic renormalization from all energies in the band. We study the case of a general dimension $d$ using a renormalization group, controlled by an $ϵ=2\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}d$ expansion. Above the critical dimensions, conduction exhibits a localization-delocalization phase transition or a sharp crossover (depending on the symmetries of the Hamiltonian) as a function of disorder strength. We utilize this analysis to compute the low-temperature conductivity in Weyl semimetals and weakly doped semiconductors near and below the critical disorder point.
Existence and uniqueness of solutions of (k+2)-point nonlocal boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations

Abstract Sufficient conditions are given under which the existence of solutions of 4-point nonlocal boundary value problems, for n th order nonlinear ordinary differential equations, yields the existence of unique solutions of ( k + 2 ) -point boundary value problems, for 1 ≤ k ≤ n − 1 . The results are motivated by a Henderson and Jackson paper involving relationships between 2-point and n -point conjugate boundary value problems.
The results of radiotherapy for isolated elevation of serum PSA levels following radical prostatectomy.

Abstract Eleven patients were initially treated for localized prostate cancer with radical retropubic prostatectomy following negative pelvic lymph node dissection. Six or more months after surgery, these patients had elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. No patient had other clinical evidence of disease as determined by history, physical examination, bone scan, computed tomographic scan of the abdomen and pelvis, chest radiograph, complete blood cell count, and serum chemistry profile. These patients received prostate bed irradiation using 10-MV photons and a four-field technique. Doses ranged from 60.0 to 65.8 Gy in 1.8 to 2.0 Gy fractions. Levels of serum PSA were monitored and decreased initially in all treated patients. In two patients, levels of PSA increased after this initial decrease. In 7 of the 11 patients (64%), PSA levels decreased to ≤ 0.3 ng/mL at last measurement. Radiotherapy resulted in no severe toxicity. None of the patients had developed clinical evidence of disease at the time of this report. Isolated elevations of serum PSA after prostatectomy reflect residual disease, and radiotherapy appears to effectively decrease the PSA levels in most cases. This effect appears to be accomplished by killing locally residual or recurrent cancer in the postoperative tumor bed.
Effect of stress on the driving force for interdiffusion in amorphous SiGe multilayers

Abstract The effect of stress on the driving force for interdiffusion in amorphous SiGe multilayers is shown to be negligible. The product of the partial molal volume and the mobility is similar for the two species, and the viscosity is sufficiently low to relax the internal stresses. A model for interdiffusion in the absence of plastic flow predicts a terminal composition profile.
Use of bryophytes by Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) in nest construction

Abstract. In 2007 and 2008, ten mosses and two liverworts were used by Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) to construct two nests. Dominant bryophytes used in construction were Frullania eboracensis and Platygyrium repens. Bryophytes were not randomly selected, and all taxa were corticolous. Carolina chickadees may be selecting Frullania eboracensis for chemical properties.
889 THE METABOLISM OF LEAD-203 (aoaPb) IN THYROPARATHYROIDECTOMIZED (TPTX) RATS AFTER INFUSIONS WITH CALCIUM (Ca) AND ZINC (Zn)

Previous data in children and animals have shown that dietary deficiencies of Ca and Zn increase the intestinal absorption of Pb thereby increasing Pb toxicity. To define further the interactions of Pb, Ca and Zn, TPTX rats were given IV 7mg/kg of Pb + 25μCi 203Pb and placed in metabolism cages. 4 days later Ca (.232mM) or Zn (.015mM) were infused via a catheterized tail vein for 6H. Measurements were made of stable Pb and 203Pb from aliquots of total organs, urine and blood, once rats were sacrificed from 6-72H after infusion. The results (*= p<.01) were expressed as cpm ratios of Treated (T)/saline-infused Controls (C). The T/C ratios were: Though soft tissue displacement of 203Pb was produced by Ca and Zn, the majority of 203Pb released came from bone with subsequent repletion of soft and hard tissue at 72H. These data indicate that interactions between Pb, Ca and Zn occur at several tissue sites besides the intestine. These complex interactions likely involve metal ion radii, and the activation of Ca- and Zn- sensitive ATPases and alkaline phosphatases, respectively.
Transcription of the lung-specific surfactant protein C gene is mediated by thyroid transcription factor 1.

Surfactant protein C (SP-C) is expressed in alveolar Type II epithelial cells of the lung. In order to determine the mechanism(s) that regulate gene transcription, we have analyzed the activation of the murine SP-C promoter in mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE cells) and in HeLa cells after co-transfection with a vector expressing rat thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). TTF-1 transactivated SP-C-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs containing −13 kilobase pairs to −320 base pairs (bp) of the 5′ flanking region of the SP-C gene. Essential cis-acting elements were functionally localized to between −320 and −180 bp from the start of transcription by transfection analysis. Five DNase-protected regions, indicating multiple protein-DNA interactions within the −320 bp TTF-1-responsive region of the SP-C gene, were identified by DNase footprint analysis. A 40-bp segment of SP-C DNA from −197 to −158 linked to a heterologous promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase construct activated expression after co-transfection with CMV-TTF-1 in HeLa and MLE cells. The −197 to −158 segment contained two consensus TTF-1 sites, which were specifically identified as TTF-1 binding sites by gel retardation and antibody supershift with MLE cell nuclear extracts and purified TTF-1 homeodomain protein. Site-specific mutagenesis of either of the TTF-1 binding sites completely blocked activation by TTF-1, indicating both sites are required for TTF stimulation of SP-C transcription.
Diurnal variation in response to thermal stimulation: Mouse-hotplate test ☆ ☆☆

Abstract Circadian changes in pain thresholds were assessed in 70-day-old CF1 male mice. The hotplate method was used. A different group of 15 mice was tested every 3 hr over a 48 hr interval. Response latencies were found to vary in a sinusoidal manner over a 24 hr interval. Minimal latencies were obtained 3 hr before the onset of darkness at 1500 hr (4.53 ± 0.26 sec) and maximal latencies at 0300 hr (6.15 ± 0.35 sec). In addition, the pattern of responses varied with time of day. The probability of the jump response was maximal during the dark and minimal during the light period (39% vs 9%). Hind leg flexion exhibited a reciprocal pattern (22% vs 54%). The probability of forepaw licking was not significantly altered during the 24 hr period.
Synthesis and alkaline earth metal cation extraction by proton di-ionizable p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-crown-5 compounds in cone, partial-cone and 1,3-alternate conformations

Synthetic strategies for novel, proton di-ionizable p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-crown-5 compounds in cone, partial-cone and 1,3-alternate conformations are reported. Selective linkage of the two diametrical phenolic oxygens in p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with tetraethylene glycol ditosylate gave 1,3-bridged p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-crown-5. The two remaining phenolic units were alkylated using NaH and KH as the bases to give the cone and partial-cone conformers, respectively. Preparation of the 1,3-alternate conformers utilized a different sequence in which O-alkylation was followed by crown ether ring formation. Structures of these new ligands were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These proton-ionizable ligands were tested for their solvent extraction properties toward alkaline earth metal cations. Surprising differences in their extraction behaviors are noted compared to those reported previously for di-ionizable p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenecrown-6 analogues.
Universal asymptotic normality for conditionally trimmed sums

Abstract The conditionally trimmed sums formed from an arbitrary i.i.d. sample are shown to satisfy both a probabilistic and empirical central limit theorem with a normal limit law. The specific method of trimming attempts to retain as many summands as possible and deletes only terms of sufficient magnitude. The behavior of the deleted terms is also studied for random variables which generate affinely stochastically compact partial sums.
Doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films for microwave device applications at room temperature

Abstract The dielectric property comparison between laser-ablated Mn-doped and undoped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin films at low frequency (100 kHz) and at microwave frequencies has been demonstrated. The dielectric properties were characterized at low frequency using interdigital capacitors, and at microwave frequencies with coplanar waveguide (CPW) meander-line phase shifters. With 1% Mn-doped BST films, results to date gave a dielectric constant as high as 2100, a tunability of 85% with DC bias field of 88 kV/cm, and a loss tangent without DC bias as low as 0.0033 at 100 kHz and room temperature. At 10 GHz, our best result to date was also obtained with 1% Mn-doped BST film deposited on MgO substrate, which at room temperature possess a dielectric constant of 1820 with a tunability of 56% at 40 kV/cm DC electric field, and a loss tangent of 0.006 at zero bias.
The Relationship between Family Developmental Crisis and the Appearance of Symptoms in a Family Member

To assess the relation between family crisis and the onset of symptoms in family members, 90 families in an outpatient facility were studied to determine the elapsed time between the appearance of symptoms and two types of family crisis: addition of a family member and loss of a family member. For each type of crisis, results clearly indicated a significant and positive relationship between family developmental crises and symptom onset. At the same time, it was acknowledged that the strength of this relationship was only moderate, findings were correlational, and conclusions may not be applicable to other samples.
912 Open Pectus Excavatum Repairs: Changing Trends, Lessons Learned: One Surgeon’s Experience

Background Severe pectus excavatum (PE) is common, often causing physiologic impairment. Inconsistent results have been reported using a variety of open surgical techniques with extensive subperiosteal costal cartilage resection.
The amino-terminal sequence ofStreptomyces griseus carboxypeptidase

The amino-terminal sequence of carboxypeptidase fromStreptomyces griseus was determined using a new protocol for automatic Edman degradation that reduced background noise. The sequence of the first 48 residues is: Asp-Phe-Pro-Pro-Ala-Asp-Ser-Arg-Tyr-His-Asn-Tyr-Ala-Glu-Met-Asn-Ala-Ala-Ile-Asp-Ala-Arg-Ile-Ala-Ala-Asn-Pro-Ser-Ile-Met-Ser-Lys-Arg-Val-Ile-Gly-Lys-Thr-Tyr-Gln-Gly-(Arg)-Asp-Val-Ile-Ala-Val-Lys, which is homologous to that of other zinc-containing carboxypeptidase from vertebrate and invertebrate sources.
Molecular dynamics simulations of a lipid bilayer and of hexadecane: an investigation of membrane fluidity

Molecular dynamics simulations of a fluid-phase dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer in water and of neat hexadecane are reported and compared with nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation and quasi-elastic neutron scattering data. On the 100-picosecond time scale of the present simulations, there is effectively no difference in the reorientational dynamics of the carbons in the membrane interior and in pure hexadecane. Given that the calculated fast reorientational correlation times and the "microscopic" lateral diffusion of the lipids show excellent agreement with the experimental results, it is concluded that the apparently high viscosity of the membrane is more closely related to molecular interactions on the surface rather than in the interior.
Conditionality of circadian rhythmicity: Synergistic action of light and temperature

With cells which have been grown at 20°C, the circadian rhythm of bioluminescence inGonyaulax polyedra disappears at a critical temperature, which is about 12°C. The transition from the rhythmic to the arrhythmic state is very sharp with temperature: the two states are separated by only 1–2°C. Following a return to a higher temperature (20°C) under otherwise constant conditions, the rhythm resumes with its new phase defined by the time of the cool to warm transition. Loss of rhythmicity also occurs in constant bright light, with a similar resumption and phase determination upon transfer to darkness. The experiments described here show that the effects of light and low temperature are additive: rhythmicity is lost under combined low temperature and light intensity treatments which are ineffective individually.
Preparative-scale one-pot syntheses of hexafluoro-1,3-butadiene

Abstract Hexafluoro-1,3-butadiene, with its negligible global warming potential, is required in quantities for application in plasma dielectric etching in semiconductor industry and as gaseous microbubble suspension contrast agents in diagnostic ultrasound imaging. Three efficient protocols for the preparation of perfluoro-1,3-butadiene in 62–70% overall yields have been described. They involve the coupling of (1) iodotrifluoroethylene (ITFE) with activated copper, (2) trifluorovinylzinc bromide in the presence of copper (II) or iron (III) salts and (3) trifluorovinylzinc chloride, prepared from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethane (HFC 134a) in the presence of copper (II) or iron (III) salts.
Morbidity related to concomitant adhesions in abdominal surgery.

Background We sought to assess the independent effect of concomitant adhesions (CAs) on patient outcome in abdominal surgery. Materials and methods Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data, we created a uniform data set of all gastrectomies, enterectomies, hepatectomies, and pancreatectomies performed between 2007 and 2012 at our tertiary academic center. American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data were supplemented with additional variables (e.g., procedure complexity–relative value unit). The presence of CAs was detected using the Current Procedural Terminology codes for adhesiolysis (44005, 44180, 50715, 58660, and 58740). Cases where adhesiolysis was the primary procedure (e.g., bowel obstruction) were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the independent effect of CAs on 30-d morbidity and mortality, while controlling for age, comorbidities and the type/complexity/approach/emergency nature of surgery. Results Adhesiolysis was performed in 875 of 5940 operations (14.7%). Operations with CAs were longer (median duration 3.2 versus 2.7 h, P < 0.001), more complex (median relative value unit 37.5 versus 33.4, P < 0.001), performed in sicker patients (American Society for Anesthesiologists class ≥3 in 49.9% versus 41.2%, P < 0.001), and harbored higher risk for inadvertent enterotomies (3.0% versus 0.9%, P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, CAs independently predicted higher morbidity (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.61, P = 0.001). Specifically, CAs independently correlated with superficial and deep or organ-space surgical site infections (OR = 1.42 (1.02–1.86), P = 0.036; OR = 1.47 (1.09–1.99), P = 0.013, respectively), and prolonged postoperative hospital stay (≥7 d, OR = 1.34 [1.11–1.61], P = 0.002). No difference in 30-d mortality was detected. Conclusions CAs significantly increase morbidity in abdominal surgery. Risk adjusting for the presence of adhesions is crucial in any efforts aimed at quality assessment and/or benchmarking of abdominal surgery.
Off-resonance production of heavy vector quarkonium states in e + e − annihilation

The inclusive production of the heavy quarkonium states V ( = u,Y,...) in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation is studied in the framework of quantum-chromodynamic perturbative theory. The rate and spectrum allow the study of the jet structure produced via two intermediate gluons. The similar process of the Z/sup 0/ decay into VX is found to be extremely rare.
The dual displacement and velocity ballistocardiograph apparatus.

Abstract 1. 1. A dual ballistocardiograph apparatus for recording simultaneous or successive displacement (photoelectric) and velocity (electromagnetic) ballistocardiograms is described. 2. 2. The technique for establishing reproducible standardized conditions for ballistocardiographic tracings is described; work is in progress on standardization of recording equipment. 3. 3. A respiratory filter (for photoelectric tracings) as well as simultaneous electrocardiograms may be utilized by a simple switch arrangement. 4. 4. Lateral and anteroposterior ballistocardiographic tracings, as well as the customary longitudinal ones, may be recorded with the new apparatus.
Thermal/optical characterization of membrane materials for solar sails

To date, a full-scale solar sail has never flown in space. Furthermore, solar sail technology development represents a field that only recently has enjoyed significant support. The goal of this work is to contribute to the development of a low-mass ODS for solar sails that would include research and development in the areas of photogrammetry and thermography. The focus of this work was on the development of the thermography system. A measurement protocol was designed for obtaining accurate temperature measurements using thermal imaging when heat was applied to the membrane surface. Two main limitations were considered during the experimental process. The first is that conventional infrared detector arrays must be kept cool. To minimize the effect that an imager’s operating temperature would have on the ODS, a miniature, un-cooled microbolometer was used to acquire temperature measurements from the membrane surface. A second limitation is that a detector array cannot distinguish between emitted and reflected photons, thus presenting a significant problem if one cannot predict the reflected component or if the reflected component is significantly greater than the emitted. To address this limitation, spectral properties of the membrane, including reflectance and transmission, were analyzed using a Hemispherical Directional Reflectometer (HDR) to predict the effects that optical properties would have on sail membrane temperatures. A thermal modeling strategy was also developed. The results of this investigation are presented.
Replication of CELO virus in the chicken chorio-allantoic membrane.

Several previously undescribed ultrastructural features of chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO) virus replication in chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) have been observed. The virus particles appeared to fuse with the plasmalemma at adsorption sites. Newly synthesized virus was detected at 12–14 hours post infection (PI) by titration of infectivity in embryonating chicken eggs. These infectivity titers reached a maximum at 30 h PI. The two membranes of the nuclear envelope of infected cells separated to form a perinuclear space. CELO virus in crystalline arrays was observed in nuclei of only endodermal CAM cells. CELO virus was not observed by electron microscopy in the brain, liver or lungs of allantoic or intravenous inoculated embryos. Thus, the invasiveness of the Phelps strain of CELO virus appears restricted to the CAM.
Eigenmodes and field distribution of a nanosphere-in-a-nanoshell metallodielectric nanostructure

Abstract I compute the plasmonic eigenmodes of a nanostructure consisting of a metallic sphere surrounded by a layer of dielectric C ( d C ) and a metallic shell on top embedded in a dielectric A ( d A ) . Using the continuity conditions of the tangential components of the magnetic flux density and of the electric field at the interfaces and the Drude model, I obtain the equations relating the dominant three plasmonic eigenfrequencies and decay rates, to the nanostructure geometric parameters and the indices of refraction of d A and d C . I also compute the electric and magnetic fieldsʼ configurations for the dominant eigenmodes.
Neuroimaging in schizophrenia research

Neuroimaging has advanced the study of brain structure and function in schizophrenia. Magnetic resonance imaging provides measures of whole brain and regional anatomy and cerebrospinal fluid volume. Functional methods have included the Xenon-133 technique for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF); positron emission tomography for assessing metabolism, CBF, and neuroreceptor functioning; and single photon emission computed tomography for studying CBF and neuroreceptors. Despite heterogeneity of patient samples, and studies which differed in the methodologies applied, there is converging evidence implicating three brain systems: frontal, temporolimbic, and basal ganglia. Current emphasis is aimed at probing specific regions across imaging modalities. Now these findings and research paradigms in neuroimaging must be integrated with phenomenological, neurobehavioral, and neuropathological investigations. The application of this technology is already helping to elucidate the neurobiology of schizophrenia, and further important advances can be anticipated.
Cardiovascular effects of a continuous two-hour propofol infusion in dogs. Comparison with isoflurane anesthesia.

The cardiovascular effects during 2 hours of anesthesia with either a continuous propofol infusion or isoflurane were compared in the same six healthy dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to be anesthesized with either propofol (5 mg/kg, i.v. administered over 30 seconds, immediately followed by a propofol infusion beginning at 0.4 mg/kg/min), or isoflurane (2.0% end-tidal concentration). The propofol infusion was adjusted to maintain a light plane of anesthesia. Dogs anesthetized with propofol had higher values for systemic arterial pressure due to higher systemic vascular resistance. Dogs anesthetized with isoflurane had higher values for heart rate and mean pulmonary artery pressure. Cardiac index was not different between the two groups. Apnea and cyanosis were observed during induction of anesthesia with propofol. At the end of anesthesia the mean time to extubation for dogs anesthetized with either propofol or isoflurane was 13.5 min and 12.7 min, respectively. A continuous infusion of propofol (0.44 mg/kg/min) provided a light plane of anesthesia. Ventilatory support during continuous propofol infusion is recommended.
Assessing the human-environment relationship: a complex-systems methodology to modelling climate change

Climate change is at the forefront of scientific investigation and socio-political decision-making. The world community of scientists concur with the fact that human activities are both contributing to and affected by changes in the environment that influence the overall well-being of the world population. Importantly, these changes do not discriminate as to region or inhabitants. The body of research has measured climate change via modelling that incorporates the laws of physics and climate data. Neglected in these models is a significant factor: the global human population is increasing at an unprecedented rate that will further stress these geological and ecological variations. This research proffers a complex-systems modelling methodology for climate change to assess current and future concerns, intricately linked facets or pieces, of the human-environment relationship. It requires an interdisciplinary approach to research and model development that combines expertise from the social sciences and disciplines.
PSYCHOANALYSIS, ADAPTATION, AND EDUCATION: I. REALITY AND ITS APPRAISAL

The psychoanalytic perspective on mental development is discussed in terms of its significance for formal education. Rather than using psychoanalytic concepts as the basis for preventative mental health programs, these concepts are used in order to highlight the important function of education in the child's development of promoting a more successful adaptation to reality. The development of reality testing is discussed in terms of the psychological processes which are involved such as memory, judgment, anticipation, and postponement. Observations at a psychiatric school are used to illustrate the role of the classroom, including both the teacher and the curriculum, in supporting the development of reality testing.
Bacteria–nanoparticle interactions and their environmental implications

Environmental context. The advent of nanotechnology means that the release of nanomaterials into the environment is very likely, if not inevitable, and knowing the environmental impact of such nanomaterials is important. A key aspect of understanding this impact is to learn how nanomaterials affect microorganisms, a critical part of the environment; this topic is addressed in this review, which specifically concerns nanoparticle–bacteria interactions. Current studies show that nanoparticles have the potential to impact bacterial viability, although a great deal remains to be understood concerning nanoparticle–bacteria interactions. Abstract. Part of the responsible use of nanotechnology will be to better delineate the potential impact of nanomaterials released into the environment. A key aspect of understanding this impact is to examine the interaction between nanomaterials and microorganisms, which are not only highly abundant in nature but critical for global environmental processes. In this Highlight, current knowledge about the interaction between bacteria and industrially-relevant nanoparticles is reviewed. Important areas for further study are discussed.
Ras farnesyltransferase inhibitors suppress the phenotype resulting from an activated ras mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Abstract Attachment of Ras protein to the membrane, which requires farnesylation at its C terminus, is essential for its biological activity. A promising pharmacological approach of antagonizing oncogenic Ras activity is to develop inhibitors of farnesyltransferase. We use Caenorhabditis elegans vulval differentiation, which is controlled by a Ras-mediated signal transduction pathway, as a model system to test previously identified farnesyltransferase inhibitors. We show here that two farnesyltransferase inhibitors, manumycin and gliotoxin, suppress the Multivulva phenotype resulting from an activated let-60 ras mutation, but not the Multivulva phenotype resulting from mutations in the lin-1 gene or the lin-15 gene, which act downstream and upstream of let-60 ras, respectively, in the signaling pathway. These results are consistent with the idea that the suppression of the Multivulva phenotype of let-60 ras by the two inhibitors is specific for Ras protein and that the mutant Ras protein might be more sensitive than wild-type Ras to the farnesyltransferase inhibitors. This work suggests that C. elegans vulval development could be a simple and effective in vivo system for evaluation of farnesyltransferase inhibitors against Ras-activated tumors.
Comparison of eggshell surface microbial populations for in-line and off-line commercial egg processing facilities

Abstract The objective of this project was to evaluate the aerobic plate counts (APC) of eggshells at in-line and off-line egg processing facilities at selected sites, throughout the processing procedure. Samples were collected from four sites in the processing plant and five time periods during the daily processing shift. Site 1 was from the conveyor system before the eggs passed through the washing system. Site 2 was after detergent wash but before sanitizer application. Site 3 was immediately after sanitizer treatment. Site 4 was immediately before packaging. Samples were collected from the sites at five equally spaced intervals beginning 15 min after the processing shift began and ending 15 min before the processing shift ended. At each sampling time, eggs were aseptically collected from each site and placed into sterile plastic bags containing 50 mL of PBS that was serially diluted immediately. The dilutions were plated on APC agar within 8 h of collection and were incubated at 37 C for 48 h. APC counts of in-line and off-line eggs were compared within time periods across sites. As the processing shift progressed, off-line APC counts were significantly higher than in-line counts at Site 1. At Site 2, off-line APC counts were significantly higher than in-line counts for Periods 2 through 5. At Site 3, off-line APC counts were significantly higher than in-line counts for Periods 2 through 5. Site 4 off-line counts were significantly higher than in-line counts at all time periods.
The implications of the temperature-independent binding and the temperature-dependent action of interferon

Des experiences utilisant la temperatur et la trypsine sont decrites; elles demontrent que la phase initiale de l'action de l'interferon comporte deux etapes. La premiere consiste dans la fixation de l'interferon. Elle a lieu a 0 °C et n'est pas sous la dependance du metabolisme cellulaire. La deuxieme etape, au cours de laquelle l'interferon lie amorce le developpement de la resistance antivirale, depend du metabolisme cellulaire et est terminee au bout de 45 min. Deux modeles de l'etape sensible a la temperature sont presentes et discutes.
Iliac Artery Laceration Secondary to Retained Femoral Artery Sheath

Four patients required surgery to control bleeding from an iliac artery laceration. All patients had an 8 Fr or larger femoral artery sheath left within the iliac artery system for at least 8 hours. Symptoms included lower back or abdominal pain. Patients were taken emergently to the surgical suite for control of their bleeding episode. The bleeding was occurring from a laceration of the iliac artery wall at its bifurcation into the external and internal iliac arteries, which appeared to have resulted from the tip of the retained sheath. All patients had recently received heparin or urokinase. Primary repair was possible in three patients; another required an ileoileo bypass graft. Despite successful repair of the vessel, one patient died. Retained femoral artery sheaths can lead to lacerations of the iliac artery. The length of time that sheaths are left in the artery should be minimized to prevent laceration of the arterial wall by the tip of the sheath.
The Diurnal Variation of Epidermal Metabolism

In previous studies, the rates of epidermal glycolysis and amino acid incorporation were found to parallel rates of mitosis in both the hypoplasia associated with starvation and the hyperplasia produced by treatment with hexadecane. To examine whether similar changes in epidermal metabolism accompany the known diurnal variation in epidermal mitotic activity, the rates of glycolysis and incorporation of amino acids in epidermal sheets from skin sampled at various times during a 24-hr period were assayed. These activities were found to parallel the diurnal variation of mitosis demonstrated by metaphase counts. Diurnal variation of metabolism in the suprabasal layers was investigated by examining the relative rates of incorporation of histidine and leucine: it was found that histidine showed a broader peak of activity than that seen for the other measured activities. When epidermal samples were prepared from tissue treated with hexadecane to induce hyperplasia, an increase in metabolic activity and decrease in the amplitude of diurnal variation was observed. The results indicate that the general metabolic activities of the epidermis follow a diurnal pattern similar to that found for mitosis.
Investigation of K‐shell emission from moderate‐Z, low‐η (‐velocity), Z‐pinch implosions

Because of the large amount of kinetic energy and mass needed for efficient production of K‐shell emission from moderate atomic number z‐pinch plasmas (Z≳22), moderate Z experiments performed in the near future will likely take place at relatively low implosion velocities or low‐η values, where η is defined as the ratio of the maximum kinetic energy per ion generated prior to stagnation to the minimum energy per ion, Emin, needed to instantly heat and to ionize a plasma into the K shell upon stagnation of the pinch. Since there has been no systematic theoretical or experimental investigations of K‐shell yield scaling with mass and atomic number in the low‐η regime η∼1–3, in anticipation of such future experiments, we report on the results of our theoretical investigation into this regime. In particular aluminum, argon, titanium, and krypton plasmas were studied using a 1D radiation hydrodynamics model that uses enhanced transport coefficients to phenomenologically attain the stagnation conditions of exper...
Benchmarking Usage Statistics in Collection Management Decisions for Serials.

s/Indexes Since most abstracts and indexes carry little or no full text items, for the spreadsheet, we calculated the average cost per search. For our purposes we rounded round off to the nearest dollar amount. The cost per search figures were analyzed and those that are over the average cost were highlighted. Sort from smallest to largest in the last fiscal year cost per search. Next, Look at % of inflation cost for the cost of the resource. Highlight if over 10%. Table II: Abstracts/Index Database Data Year Average # searches Average Cost Per Search 0506 9891 $2.69
Molecular Dynamics of Selective Sugar Permeation through the Connexin26 Channel

A signal property of connexin channels is the ability to mediate selective diffusive movement of molecules through plasma membrane, yet the movement of biological molecules through these channels has yet to be well-characterized in mechanistic or energetic terms. Different connexin channels have distinct molecular selectivities that cannot be explained on the basis of size or charge of the permeants; the forces that molecules experience within the pore determines which molecules are permeable and to what degree. The energetics of the movement of two derivatized sugars, one permeable and one impermeable, through an experimentally validated connexin26 (Cx26) structural model were explored using Hamiltonian Replica Exchange MD Umbrella Sampling (US/H-REMD) and Steered Molecular Dynamics (SMD), and associated analytic tools. Crucially, the Cx26 channel model, in explicit membrane/solvent, incorporates key post-translational charge changes shown by Brownian Dynamics to be required to reproduce the electrical conductance characteristics of the native channel [Kwon J.Gen.Physiol. 138:4751]. The results show energy profiles consistent with experimental results. The energetic barriers extend through most of the pore length, rather than being highly localized, as in ion-specific channels. There is little evidence for binding within the pore. Force decomposition reveals how, for each test molecule, interactions with water and with the Cx26 protein vary over the length of the pore, and reveal a significant contribution of interaction with K+ ions. The flexibility of pore width varies along its length, and the test molecules tend to widen the pore as they pass through. This work highlights factors involved in selective molecular permeation that may not be significant for atomic ions. The results suggest that this system can be used to explore the molecular basis by which connexin channels select among (potential) permeating molecules, and how mutations alter the permeation process.
A Wigner-function formulation of finite-state quantum mechanics

Abstract For a non-relativistic system with only continous degrees of freedom (no spin, for example), the original Wigner function can be used as an alternative to the density matrix to represent an arbitrary quantum state. Indeed, the quantum mechanics of such systems can be formulated entirely in terms of the Wigner function and other functions on phase space, with no mention of state vectors or operators. In the present paper this Wigner-function formulation is extended to systems having only a finite number of orthogonal states. The “phase space” for such a system is taken to be not continuous but discrete. In the simplest cases it can be pictured as an N × N array of points, where N is the number of orthogonal states. The Wigner function is a real function on this phase space, defined so that its properties are closely analogous to those of the original Wigner function. In this formulation, observables, like states, are represented by real functions on the discrete phase space. The complex numbers still play an important role: they appear in an essential way in the rule for forming composite systems.
An Agile Classroom Experience

The Woodbury University Spring 2008 "IT410 Senior Systems Project" class has successfully applied agile principles, practices and tools to complement the software analysis, design and engineering tools and techniques students have been learning throughout their education. These skills and expertise are required to demonstrate competence and complete their final systems projects. Introducing Agile principles, practices and tools during their senior systems project class has further enhanced their "business value" competencies and capabilities which will benefit students as they prepare for graduation and new careers. This experience report covers the course preparations, design, development, experience and key learning experiences of both classroom and independent study sessions.
Mechanisms maintaining peripheral tolerance

The presentation of self-peptide-MHC complexes in the periphery to potentially autoreactive T cells that have escaped negative selection in the thymus poses an important problem to the immune system. In this review, I discuss data that reveal barriers preventing peripheral T cell recognition of self-peptide-MHC complexes, as well as the physiological mechanisms that ensure the elimination or functional inactivation (anergy) of T cells that do come to recognize self-peptide-MHC and threaten the health of the individual.