cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The post-analytic roots of humanist liberalism☆

Isaiah Berlin and Stuart Hampshire's early engagements with logical positivism and ordinary language philosophy are examined as historical and philosophical reference points for locating an alternative – interpretive and humanist – tradition that developed within analytic philosophy at Oxford in the 20th C. Berlin and Hampshire's writings show the legacy of an enduring Idealist philosophy, one that nonetheless had to be revised and reinvented against the new empiricist challenges brought on by the rise of analytic philosophy. Berlin and Hampshire rejected idealism's metaphysical pretensions of the Absolute in favor of the new empiricism's insistence on grounding philosophy in experience, but staunchly opposed applying the latter's narrowly ‘scientistic’ view of knowledge to human experience, re-affirming the indivisible connections between epistemological issues and moral and political issues. The idealist themes they expounded are most clearly evident in their arguments for an interpretive philosophy in ...
Viscoelastic characterization of polymers under multiaxial compression

A novel experimental configuration—a confined compression loading scheme—was used for the characterization of viscoelastic constitutive behavior of polymers. In this paper we present a brief description of the configuration, discuss its applicability to the determination of viscoelastic constitutive response, and examine the precautions needed for specimen preparation. The configuration is then utilized in the simultaneous determination of the bulk and shear relaxation response of polymethylmethrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC). Time–temperature superposition is utilized to obtain master curves of the bulk and shear moduli. Issues related to the interconversion between these moduli and the uniaxial relaxation modulus are also discussed. It is found that the effect of the confinement is to retard the rate of relaxation of the polymers; this is discussed in the framework of a free-volume model of viscoelastic material behavior.
Effects of Calcium Upon Cellular Metabolism

Excerpt It has long been known that calcium is one of the essential ingredients of life, and in fact, that a number of the most fundamental of biological processes are absolutely dependent upon its...
Oestrous and mating behaviour in the llama (Llama glama).

Abstract Oestrus was checked twice daily on nineteen females divided into three pens using two to four males per pen simultaneously from 10 January to 12 May. A period of constant oestrus of at least 30-days duration was found in many females beginning at the first introduction of the male. Acyclic periods of oestrus and dioestrus followed this initial period of oestrus. Previous exposure to the male and also advance of calendar year caused a significant (P
Christianity in China : from the eighteenth century to the present

Part I. Christianity and the Dynamics of Qing Society: 1. Catholics and society in eighteenth-century Sichuan Robert E. Entenmann 2. Catholic converts in Jiangxi province: conflict and accommodation, 1860-1900 Alan Richard Sweeten 3. Rural religion and village organization in North China: the Catholic challenge in the late nineteenth century Charles A. Litzinger 4. Twilight of the Gods in the Chinese countryside: Christians, Confucians and the modernizing state, 1861-1911 Roger R. Thompson 5. Christian missionary as Confucian intellectual: Gilbert Reid (1857-1927) and the Reform Movement in the late qing Tsou Mingeth 6. The politics of evangelism at the end of the Qing: Nanchang, 1906 Ernest P. Young Part II. Christianity and Ethnicity: 7. From Barbarians to sinners: collective conversion among plains aborigines in Qing Taiwan, 1859-1895 John R. Shepherd 8. Christianity and the Hua Miao: writing and power Norma Diamond 9. Christianity and Hakka identity Nicole Constable Part III. Christianity and Chinese Women: 10. Christian virgins in eighteenth-century Sichuan Robert E. Entenmann 11. Chinese women and Protestant Christianity at the turn of the twentieth-century Kwok Pui-Lan 12. Cradle of female talent: the McTyeire home and school for girls, 1892-1937 Heidi A. Ross 13. An oasis in a heathen land: St. Hilda's school for girls, Wuchang, 1928-1936 Judith Liu and Donald P. Kelly 14. Christianity, feminism, and communism: the life and times of Deng Yuzhi Emily Honig Part IV. The Rise of an Indigenous Chinese Christianity: 15. Karl Gutzlaff's approach to indigenization: the Chinese union Jessie G. Lutz and R. Ray Lutz 16. Contextualizing Protestant publishing in China: the Wenshe, 1924-1928 Peter Chen-Main Wang 17. The growth of independent Christianity in China, 1900-1937 Daniel H. Bays 18. Toward independence: Christianity in China under the Japanese occupation, 1937-1945 Timothy Brook 19. Y. T. Wu: a Christian leader under communism Gao Wangzhi 20. Holy spirit Taiwan: Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity in the republic of China Murray A. Rubinstein Appendices Index.
Fourier transform IR spectroscopic observation of chlorine nitrite, ciono, formed via Cl + NO2 (+M) → ClONO(+M)

Abstract Using the FTIR method, chlorine nitrite (ClONO) and nitryl chloride (ClNO 2 ) were identified as reaction products in the photolysis of Cl 2 -NO 2 mixtures. The observed yields of ClONO (⩾ 80%) and ClNO 2 (⩽ 20%) suggest that Cl atom adds mainly to the O atom rather than the N atom of NO 2 molecule.
A novel antibody targeting the ligand binding domain of the thromboxane A2 receptor exhibits antithrombotic properties in vivo

In efforts to define new targets for antithrombotic purposes, there is interest in utilizing antibodies targeting ligand binding domains of platelet receptors. To this end, we have recently shown that an antibody (designated C-EL2Ab), which targets the C-terminus of the 2nd extracellular loop (C-EL2) of the thromboxane A(2) receptor (TPR), selectively blocks TPR-mediated platelet aggregation, under both in vitro and ex vivo experimental conditions. In the current studies we sought to determine whether C-EL2Ab exhibits in vivo antithrombotic activity, by employing a carotid artery injury thrombosis model. It was found that mice treated with C-EL2Ab, exhibited a significant increase in time for occlusion, when compared to controls such as normal rabbit IgG, or an antibody which targets a region separate from the ligand binding site (i.e., EL1). We next examined the effect of C-EL2Ab on hemostasis, and found no increase in tail bleeding times in C-EL2Ab treated mice, compared to the aforementioned controls. Collectively, these results clearly demonstrate that C-EL2Ab has anti-platelet/anti-thrombotic effects, and is devoid of increased bleeding risk. Moreover, the identification of a functionally active TPR sequence should significantly aid molecular modeling study predictions for organic derivatives which possess in vivo activity.
Current integrating receivers for high speed system interconnects

This paper presents a high speed receiver design that utilizes current integration in order to increase its noise immunity. The integration of current on a capacitor based on the incoming signal voltage effectively averages the incoming signal over its valid time period, therefore filtering out high frequency noise. An experimental design illustrating the concept has been fabricated in a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The receiver dissipates 2.7 mW of power operating from a 5-V supply, achieves error free operation at a clock frequency of 250 MHz, and occupies 60/spl times/450 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ of silicon area.
Temporal bone fractures

High-resolution technique is essential to the evolution of temporal bone fractures. Axial and coronal scan planes are optimal but may not be possible in acutely traumatized patients. A knowledge of normal temporal bone anatomy is important and can be obtained from standard texts, so it will not be considered in detail in this article. Classically, petrous temporal bone fractures have been classified as longitudinal, transverse, or mixed. Recent publications have emphasized the importance of describing fractures in terms of planes rather than lines. According to this concept, most temporal bone fractures are actually oblique, and true longitudinal fractures are rare. Petrous temporal bone fractures may be associated with cranial nerve or vascular injuries when the fracture extends to the skull base. This is particularly true of the oblique fracture, which characteristically extends anteromedially to the skull base through weak places in that area, thus avoiding the compact bone of the otic capsule surrounding the labyrinth. The most common associated injury is to the facial nerve in its geniculate or proximal tympanic segment. Transverse fractures frequently involve the labyrinth. A careful search for various types of ossicular dislocation should be performed in association with temporal bone fractures, because this may result in conductive hearing loss. The site of cerebrospinal fluid otorhinorrhea resulting from temporal bone fractures can usually be defined on plain high-resolution temporal bone images, but intrathecal contrast may be helpful. Temporal bone fractures caused by gunshot wounds are frequently complex and may be limited by metallic streak artifacts. Pediatric patients have different proportions of facial nerve injury and types of hearing loss as compared with adults.
Pharmacologic antagonism of thromboxane A2 receptors by trimetoquinol analogs in vitro and in vivo.

Although (-)-(S)-trimetoquinol (1-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)- 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline; TMQ) is recognized as a potent bronchodilator, (+)-(R)-TMQ is a selective antagonist of human platelet aggregation and serotonin secretion induced by thromboxane A2 (TXA2) agonists. To confirm the pharmacological actions of TMQ analogs, the interaction of the drugs with TXA2 receptors was examined in human platelets and in a mouse sudden death model. The inhibitory potencies of TMQ analogs (pIC50 values) for displacement of (3H)SQ 29,548 binding to platelets showed excellent correlation with the respective pIC50 (-log IC50) values for U46619-induced aggregation (r = 0.99, P less than 0.01) and serotonin secretion (r = 0.99, P less than 0.01) in human platelet-rich plasma and for whole blood aggregation (r = 0.99, P less than 0.01). In each system, the rank order of inhibitory potencies was rac-iodoTMQ greater than or equal to (+)-(R)-TMQ greater than rac-TMQ much greater than (-)-(S)-TMQ. Antithrombotic effects of TMQ analogs were evaluated in a mouse sudden death model. In vivo antithrombotic potencies of these compounds were consistent with the in vitro potencies as TXA2 receptor antagonists in platelet systems. Administration of rac-iodoTMQ, (+)-(R)-TMQ and rac-TMQ 15 min before the injection of U46619 (800 micrograms/kg, iv) protected mice against U46619-induced sudden death. Onmore » the other hand, (-)-(S)-TMQ did not protect animals against death. Protection of U46619-induced cardiopulmonary thrombosis by TMQ analogs was seen at doses of 3-100 mg/kg.« less
The dynamics of interstructural connection to prevent pounding

Etude du comportement sismique de deux bâtiments relies par un systeme de transmission de forces entre etages, en modelisant le systeme comme un probleme de matrices combinees de masse et de rigidite; influence de la liaison sur la reduction du deplacement relatif et sur l'augmentation du cisaillement a la base de la structure plus rigide, pour frequences inferieures a la fondamentale
Two-species annihilation with drift: A model with continuous concentration-decay exponents.

We propose a model for diffusion-limited annihilation of two species, A+B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}A or B, where the motion of the particles is subject to a drift. For equal initial concentrations of the two species, the density follows a power-law decay for large times. However, the decay exponent varies continuously as a function of the probability of which particle, the hopping one or the target, survives in the reaction. These results suggest that diffusion-limited reactions subject to drift do not fall into a limited number of universality classes. (c) 1995 The American Physical Society
QC for the Future: Laboratory Issues – POCT and POL concerns

The introduction of routine quality control (QC) in the clinical laboratory was a major advance in improving the accuracy and reliability of clinical laboratory testing. The 1992 enactment of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA ’88) further established a minimum threshold for all aspects of clinical laboratory testing. Errors occurring during the analytical phase of testing within clinical laboratories are now relatively rare, and often caught by failed QC prior to release of patient results. Values produced by clinical laboratories are now rarely questioned, and the vast majority of “errors” now attributed to clinical laboratories actually occur in the pre- or postanalytical phase. 1,2
Comparison of Methods for Estimating Bird Abundance and Trends From Historical Count Data

Abstract The use of bird counts as indices has come under increasing scrutiny because assumptions concerning detection probabilities may not be met, but there also seems to be some resistance to use of model-based approaches to estimating abundance. We used data from the United States Forest Service, Southern Region bird monitoring program to compare several common approaches for estimating annual abundance or indices and population trends from point-count data. We compared indices of abundance estimated as annual means of counts and from a mixed-Poisson model to abundance estimates from a count-removal model with 3 time intervals and a distance model with 3 distance bands. We compared trend estimates calculated from an autoregressive, exponential model fit to annual abundance estimates from the above methods and also by estimating trend directly by treating year as a continuous covariate in the mixed-Poisson model. We produced estimates for 6 forest songbirds based on an average of 621 and 459 points in ...
Photovoltaic concentrator technology development

Recent progress in the area of photovoltaic (PV) concentrator technology development is summarized. A brief description of the status of two photovoltaic concentrator power systems, the 300 kW ENTECH-3M-Austin system and the single-pedestal Alpha Solarco system, is given. Considerable progress in the area of photovoltaic concentrator module development is reported. Those module development activities that have resulted in significantly higher conversion efficiencies or module design concepts are emphasized. The author discusses the major gains in concentrator cell efficiencies, especially the increased efficiencies for multijunction solar cells, and their implications for the technology. Also discussed are the most significant recent developments for PV concentrator components, including refractive secondary optical elements and a self-contained, electronic, array-tracking controller. Finally, the author discusses the outlook for markets and sales for photovoltaic concentrators and briefly describes a program in the United State, the Photovoltaic Concentrator Initiative. >
Band keratopathy in mrl/1 and mrl/n mice.

To define ocular abnormalities in mice with autoimmune disease, we performed biomicroscopic examinations and examined ocular tissue in MRL/l, MRL/n, NZB, NZB/NZW, and Palmerston North mice. Results were compared with MRL/Mp--lpr/lpr, C57BL/6J--lpr/lpr, and normal control strains. Eighty-seven percent of MRL/l and MRL/n mice had typical band keratopathy; this was confirmed by histologic examination. Posterior uveitis was found in 35% of adult MRL/l mice. MRL substrains are potentially important models of ocular disease.
Volumetric dxa (vxa): a new method to extract 3d information from multiple in vivo dxa images

Three-dimensional geometric and structural measurements of the proximal femur are of considerable interest in understanding the strength of the femur and its susceptibility to fracture. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) with a small voxel size (1mm per side) is the current "gold standard" to examine the macrostructure of the femur, but it has a high effective radiation dose (approximately 2 to 5 mSv) and cost. Volumetric dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (VXA) uses a commercially available DXA system (Hologic Discovery A) to reconstruct the proximal femur from four DXA scans and a statistical atlas, delivering an effective radiation dose of 0.04 mSv. We present the theoretical innovations and systems level construction in order to create a VXA volume. First, we generate successful deformations on highly irregular partial anatomy where typical algorithms fail, and cover a novel mathematical feature-correspondence transformation we developed called HPCA, or hierarchical principal component analysis. We then cover the construction and evaluation of a statistical shape atlas where we focus on generating a model where correspondences are meticulously refined to avoid parameterizations which are biased to irrelevant qualities of the femur. We also rigorously evaluate the HPCA algorithm by its ability to generate a statistical atlas which can estimate unlearned shapes, and compare it with another atlas generated with a competing method. Finally we move beyond simply creating a VXA volume by driving the parameterization of a statistical atlas and algebraically use the information within the DXA images themselves to further impose energy constraints on the model in the narrow neck slice region in order to derive a more accurate cortical thickness. Our algorithm is validated through extensive leave-1-out validations. We compare VXA with QCT in 43 elderly women at slices located at the femoral neck and trochanteric regions of interest. For parameters of femoral neck axis length (FNAL), the cross-sectional slice area (SA), cross-sectional bone area (CSA), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and the engineering parameters of the minimum, maximum, and polar cross-sectional moments of inertia (CSMIs) and the section modulus (Z), VXA demonstrated strong correlations. We conclude that VXA is capable of generating a variety of 3D geometric and structural measurements that are highly correlated with QCT in elderly subjects in vivo. Moreover, the VXA measurements can be made with a commercially available DXA device at a very low radiation dose.
RCP-AC: Congestion Control to Make Flows Complete Quickly in Any Environment

We believe that a congestion control algorithm should make flows finish quickly - as quickly as possible, while staying stable and fair among flows. Recently, we proposed RCP (Rate Control Protocol) which enables typical Internet-sized flows to complete one to two orders of magnitude faster than the existing (TCP Reno) and the proposed (XCP) congestion control algorithm. Like XCP, RCP uses explicit feedback from routers, but doesn't require per-packet calculations. A router maintains just one rate that it gives to all flows, making it simple and inherently fair. Flows finish quickly because RCP aggressively gives excess bandwidth to flows, making it work well in the common case. However - and this is a design tradeoff - RCP will experience short-term transient overflows when network conditions change quickly (e.g. a route change or flash crowds). In this paper we extend RCP and propose RCP-AC (Rate Control Protocol with Acceleration Control) that allows the aggressiveness of RCP to be tuned, enabling fast completion of flows over a broad set of operating conditions.
Credibility of a Meta-Analysis: Evidence-Based Practice Concerning Soy Intake and Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women

Purpose: To report the findings from a critical appraisal concerning the credibility of a meta-analysis (M-A) about the role of dietary soy intake in reducing breast cancer risk. The use of an evidence-based, advanced nursing practice framework was used to appraise the M-A. Approach: The clinical question was developed from a problem that could be encountered in clinical practice. For premenopausal women, does the use of high dietary soy intake reduce the future risk of breast cancer compared with low dietary soy intake? A search of electronic databases yielded one M-A, which was selected to answer the question. Framework: A framework was developed from various authors' work and used to appraise the M-A and guide implementation of the evidence-based practice (EBP) process. Conclusions: The findings of the M-A were not deemed credible because of deficient information regarding the target population and outcome variable, lack of confounder control, unclear inclusion and exclusion criteria of the sample, and invalid methods of data abstraction. Because the findings were not credible, they were deemed not to be clinically applicable. Therefore, a high soy diet would not necessarily be recommended.
Refractive indexes of (Al,Ga,In)As epilayers on InP for optoelectronic applications

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown bulk and short-period superlattices of (Al,Ga,In)As epilayers lattice matched to InP were characterized by double-crystal diffractometry and low-temperature photoluminescence. A reflection spectroscopy technique was used to determine the refractive index of (Al,Ga,In)As films as a function of wavelength. The measured data were fitted to a single-oscillator dispersion model, and the model coefficients are given. The resulting expression can be used in the design of waveguides, modulators, and other optical devices. >
Mitogenic signaling by ATP/P2Y purinergic receptors in astrocytes: involvement of a calcium-independent protein kinase C, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway distinct from the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C/calcium pathway.

Activation of ATP/P2Y purinergic receptors stimulates proliferation of astrocytes, but the mitogenic signaling pathway linked to these G-protein-coupled receptors is unknown. We have investigated the role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in P2Y receptor-stimulated mitogenic signaling as well as the pathway that couples P2Y receptors to ERK. Downregulation of protein kinase C (PKC) in primary cultures of rat cerebral cortical astrocytes greatly reduced the ability of extracellular ATP to stimulate ERK. Because occupancy of P2Y receptors also leads to inositol phosphate formation, calcium mobilization, and PKC activation, we explored the possibility that signaling from P2Y receptors to ERK is mediated by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC)/calcium pathway. However, neither inhibition of PI-PLC nor chelation of calcium significantly reduced ATP-stimulated ERK activity. Moreover, a preferential inhibitor of calcium-dependent PKC isoforms, Go 6976, was significantly less effective in blocking ATP-stimulated ERK activity than GF102903X, an inhibitor of both calcium-dependent and -independent PKC isoforms. Furthermore, ATP stimulated a rapid translocation of PKCdelta, a calcium-independent PKC isoform, but not PKCgamma, a calcium-dependent PKC isoform. ATP also stimulated a rapid increase in choline, and inhibition of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis blocked ATP-evoked ERK activation. These results indicate that P2Y receptors in astrocytes are coupled independently to PI-PLC/calcium and ERK pathways and suggest that signaling from P2Y receptors to ERK involves a calcium-independent PKC isoform and hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase D. In addition, we found that inhibition of ERK activation blocked extracellular ATP-stimulated DNA synthesis, thereby indicating that the ERK pathway mediates mitogenic signaling by P2Y receptors.
Enhanced Pulmonary Toxicity in Copper-Deficient Rats Exposed to Hyperoxia

Abstract The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) found in the cytosol of eucaryotic cells and the plasma protein ceruloplasmin are copper containing proteins thought to be important in providing protection from oxygen toxicity. To investigate the hypothesis that copper deficiency in the rat could result in decreased lung SOD activity and plasma ceruloplasmin concentration resulting in increased susceptibility to O2 lung damage, we performed a series of experiments exposing copper-deficient and control rats to normobaric and hyperbaric hyperoxia. Lung SOD activity in the copper-deficient rats was found to be 56% of control and ceruloplasmin content was 6% of control. The copper-deficient rats exhibited increased mortality and enhanced pulmonary toxicity as evidenced by increased pathologic damage and lung edema during the normobaric exposure to 85% O2. Copper-deficient animals also showed increased susceptibility to a hyperbaric exposure of 4 ata of 100% O2 with a decreased time of survival. The copper-deficient rat represents a new model for the study of oxidant injury.
Do Lesbians Differ from Heterosexual Men and Women in Levinsonian Phases of Adult Development

Research conducted on heterosexual women has been generalized to lesbians. However, the question remains whether lesbians differ in their adult development from heterosexual men and women. This article reviews results of 10 one-on-one life story interviews conducted with self-identified lesbians between the ages of 35 and 45. Information from these interviews was analyzed to see if or how they fit into a Levinsonian (D. J. Levinson, 1978) developmental model compared with heterosexual men and women.
Wideband Operation of Microstrip Circulators

Octave bandwidths are found to be readily obtainable in 3-port Y-junction microstrip circulators. Theoretical and experimental results are presented which show that wide coupling lines and a smaller than usual disk radius can be used to obtain wideband operation.
Wideband low-distortion delta-sigma ADC topology

A /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ topology with reduced sensitivity to opamp nonlinearities is described. The technique is effective even for very low oversampling ratios, and can be used for any modulation order. Techniques for reducing other nonideal effects are also proposed.
A superconducting DC transmission system based on VSC transmission technologies

High voltage direct current transmission (HVDC) based on current sourced converters has been in use for 50 years. Voltage sourced converter (VSC) HVDC transmission has come into use in the last five years. These systems, referred to as HVDC Light and HVDC Plus by leading vendors, are based on a modular design, reducing the installation time. VSC transmission is often used in cases where an ac system is not practical, generally due to long underground or undersea cables, and excessive losses. Such a system could be married to superconducting transmission cables in many of these applications and possibly expanded into new arenas where the cable losses in a standard VSC transmission system would have cost disadvantages. Issues related to the impact of voltage sourced converter on superconducting cables are presented along with computer simulation results.
Econometric Estimation and Results

The implementation of the general model developed in Chapter 9 requires some specific choices about the detail of the model, beginning with the functional form. In the present chapter we discuss those choices, and present and interpret the resulting econometric estimates, along with the results of some analysis of the sensitivity of the estimates to model specification choices. In Chapter 11 we report the results from using the econometric estimates to compute a range of benefit-cost ratios for alternative types of research spending, and in Chapter 12 we interpret and assess the results from both the econometric estimation and the benefit-cost analysis.
Comparing Legal, Economic, and Legislative Approaches to Nutritional Labeling of Fast Food Items

This article explores four theoretical approaches to the nutritional labeling of fast food items: 1) The Voluntary Agreement Model; 2) The Free Market/Light Menu Model; 3) The Litigation Model; and 4) The Legislative Model. These models are explored in the context of the increasing frequency at which Americans consume fast food, the surging percentage of Americans who are overweight, and the recognition that more than half of all obesity-related costs are borne by taxpayers and employers. Related analysis also pertains to an application of Consumer Choice Theory to food choice. After concluding that the first three models are likely deficient in redressing related concerns, this article recommends that fast food restaurants generate full nutritional disclosure for items aimed at children 14 and under; that such disclosure replicate the format established by the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act; and that it be available at the point-of-sale.
Physical activity, diet quality, and mortality among sarcopenic older adults

It is unknown if physical activity and good diet quality modify the risk of poor outcomes, such as mortality, among older adults with sarcopenia. To examine if physical activity and good diet quality modify the risk of poor outcomes, such as mortality, among older adults with sarcopenia. A population-based cohort study among 1618 older adults with sarcopenia from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III; 1988–1994). Sarcopenia was defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Physical activity was self-reported, and classified as sedentary (0 bouts per week), physically inactive (1–4 bouts per week), and physically active (≥5 bouts per week). Diet quality was assessed with the healthy eating index (a scale of 0–100 representing adherence to federal dietary recommendations), and classified as poor ( 80) diet quality. Compared to participants who were sedentary, those who were physically inactive were 16 % less likely to die [HR 0.84 (95 % CI 0.64–1.09)], and those who were physically active were 25 % less likely to die [HR 0.75 (95 % CI 0.59–0.97); P trend = 0.026]. Compared to participants with poor diet quality, those with fair diet quality were 37 % less likely to die [HR 0.63 (95 % CI 0.47–0.86)], and those with good diet quality were 45 % less likely to die [HR 0.55 (95 % CI 0.37–0.80); P trend = 0.002]. Participation in physical activity and consumption of a healthy diet correspond with a lower risk of mortality among older adults with sarcopenia. Randomized trials are needed in this population.
Egg Shell Color and Hatchability

Abstract SEVERAL research papers have been published recently with regard to the relationship between shell color and hatchability of chicken eggs. In general the conclusions have been that in certain breeds laying brown eggs the medium to dark brown shelled eggs hatched better than did eggs with light brown shell color (Godfrey, 1947; and Funk and Forward, 1949). Godfrey (1949) also reported on the relationship between egg shell color and breaking strength as well as shell thickness. In his studies the correlation coefficients between egg shell color and breaking strength was +0.363 and between egg shell color and shell thickness +0.372. These values were highly significant, indicating that as shell color increased both shell thickness and breaking strength correspondingly increased. In a subsequent report, Godfrey and Jaap (1949) reported significant correlations between specific gravity of hatching eggs and shell color, between specific gravity and shell thickness, and between shell color and . . .
A longitudinal study of health professional students’ attitudes towards interprofessional education at an American university

Efforts to improve interprofessional education (IPE) are informed by attitudes of health professional students, yet there are limited US data on student characteristics and experiences associated with positive attitudes towards IPE. A cohort of US medical, nursing, and physician associate students was surveyed in their first and third years, using the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale and Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale. Information was also collected on demographics and experiences during training. Health professional students differed in their attitudes towards IPE; characteristics associated with having more positive attitudes at both time points included being a nursing student, female, older, and having more previous healthcare experience. Students who participated in interprofessional extracurricular activities (particularly patient-based activities) during training reported more positive attitudes in the third year than those who did not participate in such activities. Based on these findings, schools may consider how student characteristics and participation in interprofessional extracurricular activities can affect attitudes regarding IPE. Building on the positive elements of this interprofessional extracurricular experience, schools may also want to consider service-learning models of IPE where students work together on shared goals.
Academic Storytelling: A Critical Race Theory Story of Affirmative Action

The minority (nonwhite) can tell stories about institutional practices in academia that result in unintended benefits for the majority (white). One institutional practice in academia is affirmative...
A Graph Compression Based Overlapping Communities Detection Algorithm

To improve the capacity of single machine to handle complex network,overlapping communities detection algorithm was proposed. First,a graph compression based social network model,namely agglomerative graph,was introduced,which was a lossless compression to the original network. Then,inspired by the idea of iteration based on seeds,the selected seeds were expanded to the communities by optimizing the proposed community fitness function iteratively.Finally,the communities of high similarity with each other were merged to get the final results.Since the scale of the network to be dealt is significantly reduced, and some redundant computations are avoided,the proposed algorithm is of high efficiency.
Tourniquet use during arthroscopy did not adversely affect patient outcomes.

Kirkley A, Rampersaud R, Griffin S, Amendola A, Litchfield R, Fowler P. Tourniquet versus no tourniquet use in routine knee arthroscopy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Arthroscopy. 2000 Mar;16(2):121-6. Question: In patients having knee arthroscopy, what is the effect of tourniquet use on postoperative pain and functional outcomes? Design: Randomized (allocation concealed), double-blind, controlled trial with 3-month follow-up. Setting: University hospital in London, Ontario, Canada. Patients: Patients older than 16 years of age who were scheduled for 1-hour knee arthroscopy. Exclusion criteria were anterior cruciate or posterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery, total synovectomy or meniscal …
Three peas in the pod of consumer imagination: Purchase task, involvement, and ad information

The research investigates the mediating role of the consumer imagination in persuasion, depending upon level of involvement, nature of the purchase task, and ad information. The consumer imagination is conceptualized as combining triggered information from memory with incoming ad information to simulate a yet-to-be-experienced event. The research reveals how obstacles to information flowing from memory or information from incoming peripheral ad claims suppress the enhancing effects of the consumer imagination. Across three studies, the findings indicate that few incoming peripheral ad claims are an obstacle to the consumer imagination in a utilitarian context, regardless of involvement, because preferred peripheral claims are reduced. Low involvement is an obstacle to the consumer imagination in a hedonic context, because it reduces the need to rely on triggered memories. However, this effect is reversed with more peripheral ad claims, because increased claims help to build up the imagination when reliance on triggered memories is reduced. Theoretical discussion is provided about how the imagination expands the elaboration of ad details by retrieving relevant experiences from memory to create mental rehearsals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurologic Abnormalities in Williams Syndrome

The neurologic features of 47 cases of Williams syndrome were determined and a follow-up study was performed on a subgroup of 27 subjects at the Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
Soil Evidence of Hohokam Irrigation in the Salt River Valley, Arizona

ABSTRACTHohokam irrigation in the Salt River Valley modified the chemical and physical properties of soils. Of these modifications, the accumulation of silts and clays at the surface is most resistant to post-depositional processes. Surprisingly, evidence for prehistoric, irrigation-affected soils in the Salt River Valley is not well-documented. The apparent paucity of prehistoric irrigation signatures in modem soils may be due to inadequate sampling or to cumulative irrigation at most locations being insufficient to leave a persistent soil signature. A preliminary strategy for identifying prehistoric irrigation-affected soils is suggested.
White flowers finish last: pollen-foraging bumble bees show biased learning in a floral color polymorphism

This work was supported by a University of Arizona Honors College Undergraduate Research Grant, as well as funding from the Graduate and Professional Student Council, and the National Science Foundation (IOS-1257762 to A.S. Leonard, S.L. Buchmann, and D.R. Papaj).
Burning the Candle at Both Ends

In 1909, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk successfully led a revolution to depose the Sultan of Turkey. As president of the new nation, Attaturk established Western schools in order to create cultural and structural shifts toward industrialization, capitalism, and secularism.
Right Axillary Artery Cannulation for Endovascular Repair of an Acute Type A Aortic Dissection

We present the case of a 48-year-old woman with an acute type A aortic dissection that was treated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair at our institution. The patient was found to have a focal type A dissection with pericardial effusion but no tamponade physiology and no involvement of the aortic valve or root. We elected to treat the patient's type A aortic dissection with an endovascular stent because of the patient's favorable anatomy and no evidence of neurologic deficits or signs of distal malperfusion. The patient was successfully treated with an abdominal aortic cuff deployed through the axillary artery. An axillary approach was necessary because of the short length of the delivery sheath preventing a transfemoral delivery. At 2-year follow-up, the patient remains free of complications with computed tomography scan revealing complete false lumen thrombosis and a stable endovascular repair. This report demonstrates a case of acute type A aortic dissection successfully treated using thoracic endovascular aortic repair and illustrates the utility of axillary cannulation for precise deployment of stent grafts in the ascending aorta.
Mesenchymal cystic hamartoma of the lung

Mesenchymal cystic hamartoma, although first reported as early as 1980s, remains a very rare lung disease. There have been less than 20 cases reported to date. Mesenchymal cystic hamartoma usually has an indolent course, but it could potentially result in morbidity and mortality. Biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis because it is essential to rule out other possibilities including malignancy.
Order parameters for symmetry-breaking structural transitions: The tetragonal-monoclinic transition in ZrO 2

Group/subgroup structural phase transitions are exploited in a wide variety of technologies, including those that rely on shape-memory behavior and on transformation toughening. Here, we introduce an approach to identify symmetry-adapted strain and shuffle order parameters for any group/subgroup structural transition between a high-symmetry parent phase and its symmetrically equivalent low-symmetry product phases. We show that symmetry-adapted atomic shuffle order parameters can be determined by the diagonalization of an orbital covariance matrix, formed by taking the covariance among the atomic displacement vectors of all symmetrically equivalent product phase variants. We use this approach to analyze the technologically important tetragonal to monoclinic structural phase transformation of ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$. We explore the energy landscapes, as calculated with density functional theory, along distinct paths that connect $m{\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ to $t{\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ and to other $m{\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ variants. The calculations indicate favorable pairs of variants and reveal intermediate structures likely to exist at coherent twin boundaries and having relatively low deformation energy. We identify crystallographic features of the monoclinic ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_{2}$ variant that make it very sensitive to shape changing strains.
Big and Small Cerebral Asymmetries

Deformation-based asymmetries replicate previously observed grey matter asymmetries and characterize white matter asymmetries. Increased sensitivity to structural asymmetries in some brain regions depends on smaller-scale normalization or deformation parameters. Tuning deformation parameters can provide more precise asymmetry measures for understanding the mechanisms and functional significance of cerebral asymmetries.
BRAF V600 Mutation and BRAF Kinase Inhibitors in Conjunction With Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Melanoma Metastases: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND The BRAF mutation has been identified as a potent target for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have demonstrated promising results against melanoma brain metastases (BM). OBJECTIVE To further investigate the effectiveness of this combined treatment regimen. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, 198 patients with known BRAF mutation status and treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) between 2011 and 2015 were identified. Kaplan-Meier methodology and multivariate regression analysis was then used to compare survival based on each parameter. RESULTS The median survival after the diagnosis of BM in patients with BRAF mutation who received BRAFi was increased compared to survival in patients with wild-type BRAF (BRAF wt). In multivariate analysis, the BRAF mutation was an independent, positive prognostic factor with a hazard ratio of 0.59. BRAF mutated Patients who received BRAFi following SRS had improved survival compared to patients who received it before (P < .001) or concurrently (P = .007). PD-1 inhibitors improved survival, with more pronounced effect in patients not carrying the BRAF mutation. Among the patients who were treated with BRAFi, 10.4% developed intracerebral hematoma (ICH), in comparison to 3% of patients who were not treated with BRAFi (P = .03). CONCLUSION In the setting of widespread use of BRAFi, the presence of a BRAF mutation is an independent predictor of better prognosis in patients with melanoma BM that underwent SRS. The effect of BRAFi is optimal when treatment is initiated at least 1 wk following SRS. BRAFi may increase the frequency of asymptomatic ICH.
Age-Related Changes in Expression and Activity of Human Hepatic Mitochondrial Glutathione Transferase Zeta1

Glutathione transferase zeta1 (GSTZ1) catalyzes glutathione (GSH)-dependent dechlorination of dichloroacetate (DCA), an investigational drug with therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders and cancer. GSTZ1 is expressed in both hepatic cytosol and mitochondria. Here, we examined the ontogeny and characterized the properties of human mitochondrial GSTZ1. GSTZ1 expression and activity with DCA were determined in 103 human hepatic mitochondrial samples prepared from livers of donors aged 1 day to 84 years. DNA from each sample was genotyped for three common GSTZ1 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms. Expression of mitochondrial GSTZ1 protein increased in an age-dependent manner to a plateau after age 21 years. Activity with DCA correlated with expression, after taking into account the somewhat higher activity of samples that were homo- or heterozygous for GSTZ1A. In samples from livers with the GSTZ1C variant, apparent enzyme kinetic constants for DCA and GSH were similar for mitochondria and cytosol after correcting for the loss of GSH observed in mitochondrial incubations. In the presence of 38 mM chloride, mitochondrial GSTZ1 exhibited shorter half-lives of inactivation compared with the cytosolic enzyme (P = 0.017). GSTZ1 protein isolated from mitochondria was shown by mass spectrometry to be identical to cytosolic GSTZ1 protein in the covered primary protein sequence. In summary, we report age-related development in the expression and activity of human hepatic mitochondrial GSTZ1 does not have the same pattern as that reported for cytosolic GSTZ1. Some properties of cytosolic and mitochondrial GSTZ1 differed, but these were not related to differences in amino acid sequence or post-translationally modified residues.
Sentence-Internal Interpretation: Limitations on Immediate Interpretation

Nearly every psycholinguist believes that semantic interpretation of linguistic input takes place immediately (Bever & Townsend, 1979; Just & Carpenter, 1980; MacDonald, Pearlmutter & Seidenberg, 1994; Marslen-Wilson & Tyler, 1980, for example). There is good reason for this belief. Numerous experimental studies indicate that the processing time associated with a word, for example, fixations on the word during reading, reflect the semantic predictability of the word in the particular context (see for example, Rayner & Duffy, 1986). Cross-modal priming studies show that activation from an inappropriate meaning of an ambiguous word is no longer present just a few hundred milliseconds after the offset of the word, (Seidenberg, Tanenhaus, Leiman & Bienkowski, 1982; Simpson, 1981; Swinney, 1979). In ambiguous sentences, a syntactically preferred analysis which is semantically anomalous (mend the sky) is immediately rejected, and more quickly revised than the same syntactic decision when it results in a sensible analysis (mend the sock), (Frazier, 1978; Pickering & Traxler, 1994).
Voices of Our Ancestors

It may seem unusual to deal with paleodemography in a series of presentations on anthropological genetics, since skeletons bear no genes for us to examine, and skeletal measurements, only weakly genetic to begin with, are only slightly related to demographic studies. On the other hand, there are only two basic questions asked by geneticists: How was present genetic diversity produced? and What are the genetic mechanisms behind present human biological characteristics? Both of these questions can be answered at least superficially through the use of paleodemographic data.
Korean Diasporic Returns

This chapter provides background context about the Korean diaspora and diasporic return. The relatively large size of the Korean diaspora compared to other Asian diasporas is first discussed along with the importance of return and ethnic return migration in the Korean diaspora. The chapter then discusses these two types of diasporic return and outlines the objectives of the book, which examines various types of diasporic returns to the South Korean homeland among members of the Korean diaspora from a comparative perspective. In addition to the causes of diasporic return and diasporic engagement policies, the book analyzes the different experiences of diasporic returnees, which depend on their nationality, their social class status, and their generational distance from the homeland.
An investigation of gatekeeper training and self-efficacy for suicide intervention among college/university faculty.

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a major global issue; US college students may be at greater risk and faculty may play a crucial role in prevention. Aims: The primary purpose of the present study w...
From Pulling Teeth to Pulling Legs: How Dentist-Anesthetist Samuel J. Hayes Was Mistaken for President Rutherford B. Hayes.

Abstract Newspaper editor AH Beitch recorded an anecdote in which a group of barbers gave complimentary treatment to dentist-anesthetist SJ Hayes, whom they had mistaken for US President Rutherford B. Hayes.