cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear data sheets for A = 60

Abstract Experimental nuclear structure information available through May 1975 are compiled, and adopted properties are presented. Following the newly adopted procedure for presenting the information (see Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 75, Volume 16, Number 1, September 1975), results are directly produced from the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF). The present compilation represents an update of the previous work by S. Raman (Nuclear Data B2-5-41, 1968), cited as 68Ra36. Where possible, the data are presented in comparative level diagrams, thereby eliminating many tabular listings. Also, where no additional data which supersede or significantly modify the previous compilation have appeared since, only the values adopted from the latter are presented.
A regioselective synthesis of the dephospho ditholene protected molybdopterin

The molybdopterin (MPT) is a complex molecule, made out of three distinctly different components. A retrosynthetic analysis provides a possible route for its synthesis that utilizes the coupling of a diamine with an osone analog. A regioselective condensation of the diamine with an osone affords the dephospho MPT, which has been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopies, as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Phase II Study of Ifosfamide-Etoposide-Mesna in Adults With Advanced Nonosseous Sarcomas

Between April 1987 and July 1988, 44 adults with histologically proven, objectively assessable advanced nonosseous sarcomas were treated with 2.5 g of ifosfamide/m2, 100 mg of etoposide/m2, and 2.5 g of mesna/m2 (500 mg/m2 X 5) daily for 3 consecutive days every 4 weeks. This regimen was generally well tolerated as outpatient treatment. Because of the potential CNS effects of ifosfamide, we recommended that elderly patients, persons receiving high doses of opiates, and patients susceptible to the syndrome of vertigo, perspiration, and hypotension (without tachycardia) be hospitalized for treatment. At initial treatment, leukocyte count nadirs were less than 1,000/microL and platelet count nadirs were less than 100,000/microL in 38% and 15%, respectively, of the 39 patients for whom such data were available. Objective tumor regression occurred in approximately 16% (95% confidence interval, 7%-30%) of the 44 patients (six, partial responses; one, complete response). For the 44 patients, median time to disease progression was 2.3 months; median time to death was 9.4 months. While this regimen was effective in three of 20 patients who had been previously treated with a doxorubicin-based regimen, only one of the 12 patients whose tumors had been primarily refractory to the doxorubicin-based regimen experienced objective tumor regression on our ifosfamide-based regimen.
Heavier carbene analogues and their derivatives as κ-El, κ2-El,N, and κ2-N,N′ ligands: different reactivity patterns for acyclic and cyclic diamidogermylenes and -stannylenes

Because of the increasing importance of N-heterocyclic carbenes in organometallic chemistry we investigated the ligand properties of structurally-related acyclic and cyclic heavier carbene analogues with transition metal chlorides. Acyclic {(Me3Si)2N}2El, El = Ge and Sn, react with CuCl with transfer of one (Me3Si)2N ligand to yield the known copper tetramer {(Me3Si)2NCu}4. The cyclic Me2Si(μ-NtBu)2Ge, by contrast, binds copper through germanium only, furnishing a tetranuclear ladder structure with both terminal and bridging germylenes. The tin homologue, however, inserts into the CuCl bond, and the ensuing {Me2Si(μ-NtBu)2SnCl}− ions then coordinate one copper ion via their tin atoms while sandwiching the remaining three copper ions in an unprecedented κ2-N,N′ fashion. Chemically-harder Cr(II)—created in a redox reaction of Me2Si(μ-NtBu)2Sn with CrCl3(THF)3—is not coordinated by tin, but chelated by both nitrogen atoms of one {Me2Si(μ-NtBu)2SnCl}− ion and more weakly through the tin-bound chloride.
A Binding Free Energy Hot Spot in the Ankyrin Repeat Protein GABPβ Mediated Protein–Protein Interaction

The frequently observed ankyrin repeat motif represents a structural scaffold evolved for mediating protein-protein interactions. As such, these repeats modulate a diverse range of cellular functions. We thermodynamically characterized the heterodimeric GA-binding protein (GABP) αβ complex and focused specifically on the interaction mediated by the ankyrin repeat domain of the GABPβ. Our isothermal titration calorimetric analysis of the interaction between the GABP subunits determined an association constant (KA) of 6.0×108 M−1 and that the association is favorably driven by a significant change in enthalpy (ΔH) and a minor change in entropy (−TΔS). A total of 16 GABPβ interface residues were chosen for alanine scanning mutagenesis. The calorimetrically measured differences in the free energy of binding were compared to computationally calculated values resulting in a correlation coefficient r=0.71. We identified three spatially contiguous hydrophobic and aromatic residues that form a binding free energy hot spot (ΔΔG>2.0 kcal/mol). One residue provides structural support to the hot spot residues. Three non-hot spot residues are intermediate contributors (ΔΔG∼1.0 kcal/mol) and create a canopy-like structure over the hot spot residues to possibly occlude solvent and orientate the subunits. The remaining interface residues are located peripherally and have weak contributions. Finally, our mutational analysis revealed a significant entropy-enthalpy compensation for this interaction.
Joint Risk Preference-Technology Estimation with a Primal System

Applied studies of the firm in a risky environment have concentrated either on the firm's technology or on its risk preferences. These models result in generally inconsistent and inefficient parameter estimates. A primal model is proposed which allows a firm's preferences and technology to be estimated jointly in the presence of risk. The model is applied to Iowa corn production and estimated technology parameters are compared with those from other approaches. Modest risk aversion leads to inelastic (even backbending) per-acre supplies and input demands. Yield heteroskedasticity in inputs leads to supply heteroskedasticity in prices, especially for risk-neutral firms.
Using Feedback and Performance Accountability to Decrease Cash Register Shortages

Abstract While it is clear that many OBM practitioners conduct an assessment before intervening, the details of such assessments are rarely reported in the literature. In the current study, an organizational functional assessment was conducted prior to intervention to identify variables responsible for maintaining cash shortages, and an intervention package consisting of feedback and accountability was implemented based on the results of the assessment. The effect of the intervention package was evaluated with an ABAB reversal design. During baseline, daily cash shortages averaged $2.27. When the feedback and accountability package was implemented, average cash shortages were reduced to $0.06 per day. An increase in average daily cash shortages to $7.78 was observed when the intervention package was withdrawn. When the feedback and accountability package was reinstated, average daily cash shortages decreased to $0.19. The results of the current study suggest that novice practitioners can successfully empl...
Photoperiodic control of antler cycles in deer: VII. Role of light vs. dark in suppression of circannual rhythms

The antler replacement cycle in the sika deer (Cervus nippon) is abolished on simulated equatorial photoperiods (12L/12D), the old antlers failing to be regenerated for indefinite durations. Constant but unequal light and dark periods have been shown to permit expression of circannual rhythms, as have constant and equal periods not measuring 12 hr in length. To test whether equinoctial circannual suppression could be attributed to the 12-hr durations of the light periods or the dark periods, groups of yearling deer were exposed to 12L/9D, 9L/12D, 12L/16D, or 16L/12D, beginning on the autumnal equinox. All such deer cast and regenerated their antlers by spring. Therefore, suppression of the circannual antler cycle on 12L/12D is due neither to the 12-hr photoperiod, nor to the 12-hr scotoperiod, but to a combination of both.
Syntheses of Titanate-Based Hosts for the Immobilization of Pu(III) and Am(III)

Syntheses of novel titanate-based waste forms, potentially suitable for immobilizing Pu(III) and Am(III), have been performed. The dititanate compounds An2Ti2O7 (An=Pu or Am) were found to have a monoclinic structure. A series of pyrochlore-type solid solutions between An2Ti2O7 and the cubic pyrochlore Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln=Gd, Er, or Lu) has been established, and limits of solid solubility for An2Ti2O7 were determined. These limits were found to increase as the ionic radius of the lanthanide in the host decreased. Strontium-containing titanate compounds SrAn2Ti4O12 were also prepared and were characterized as exhibiting a perovskite-type structure. Such compounds could serve as waste hosts for the immobilization of not only the actinide but also 90 Sr. A 2 month leaching study of Er1.78Pu0.22Ti2O7 and SrPu2Ti4O12 by WIPP “A” brine was performed. Very low amounts (< 1 ppm) of Pu(III) were leached. Although the ionic radius of Np(III) is similar to that of Pu(III) and Am(III), analogous Np compounds could not be prepared in any of the titanate systems investigated.
Sufficient conditions for the stability of single and multiple regenerative chatter

Abstract Sufficient conditions ensuring stable and unstable machining when chatter is accompanied with periodic, nonlinear and noise perturbations have been derived. Single and multiple regenerative chatter leading to delay differential equations (DDEs) are considered. Transcendental characteristic equations of the linearized delay equations for the determination of boundaries of stable and unstable machining through Hopf bifurcation at equilibrium are analysed. A generalized centre manifold is constructed in order to reduce the infinite-dimensional character of the governing DDEs to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with single and multiple time delays. The ODEs are further written into amplitude and phase equations, and then averaged over a period of [0,2π] to obtain constant solutions. Conditions for super- and subcritical stability in the deterministic sense are derived from the scalar bifurcation equations of the trivial and nontrivial solutions, while those for stable machining in the stochastic sense are obtained by the evaluation of the largest Lyapunov exponent.
Double-passage imaging through a random phase screen using coherent illumination

We evaluate the time-averaged double-passage image of a coherently illuminated object that is obscured by a random phase screen. In particular, we study the effect of changing the location of the random screen on the average intensity spectrum of the image. We consider two cases, when the random screen is at an arbitrary location between the pupil plane of the imaging system and the object plane and when it is located right next to the object. In both cases we find that the average intensity spectrum of the image is diffraction-limited.
Narcissism and Machiavellianism

Associations of Machiavellianism and narcissism were examined in two samples (Ns = 214 and 205) via the Mach-IV and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Scores on these self-report measures were correlated. Machiavelianism scores were positively associated with aspects of narcissism which indicate maladjustment, i.e., entitlement and exploitativeness, and inversely associated with adaptive narcissistic tendencies, i.e., self-sufficiency. The discussion focuses on the relative adjustment of those scoring high on Machiavelianism.
Preoperative colonic stenting: how, when and why?

Purpose of reviewAcute colonic obstruction due to malignancy is often a surgical emergency. Surgical decompression with colostomy with or without resection and eventual re-anastomosis has traditionally been the treatment of choice. These procedures have been associated with a significant morbidity a
Variations in the distribution of magma in the lower crust and at the Moho beneath the East Pacific Rise at 9°–10°N

Abstract Measurements of the seafloor deformation under ocean waves (compliance) reveal an asymmetric lower crustal partial melt zone (shear velocity less than 1.8 km/s) beneath the East Pacific Rise axis between 9° and 10°N. At 9°48′N, the zone is less than 8 km wide and is centered beneath the rise axis. The zone shifts west of the rise axis as the rise approaches the westward-stepping 9°N overlapping spreading center discontinuity and is anomalously wide at the northern tip of the discontinuity. The ratio of the compliance determined shear velocity to the compressional velocities (estimated by seismic tomography) suggests that the melt is well-connected in high-aspect ratio cracks rather than in isolated sills. The shear and compressional velocities indicate less than 18% melt in the lower crust on average. The compliance measurements also reveal a separate lower crustal partial melt zone 10 km east of the rise axis at 9°48′N and isolated melt bodies near the Moho beneath four of the 39 measurement sites (three on-axis and one off-axis). The offset of the central melt zone from the rise axis correlates strongly with the offset of the overlying axial melt lens and the inferred center of mantle melting, but its shape appears to be controlled by crustal processes.
Microcavities in single crystal diamond

The diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is an optically active impurity which combines many of the desirable properties of single quantum dots and laser trapped atoms. The electron spin and excited state of single NV centers can be controlled using optical transitions with sub-GHz inhomogenous linewidths, and room temperature electron-spin coherence times can exceed a ms. These properties make the NV center promising for proposed quantum networks [1], and for applications such as magnetometry and low power optical switching. Integrating NV centers with nanophotonic devices would improve the efficiency of the optical readout and control of NV centers, and enable scalable optical coupling between multiple NV centers. However, creating nanophotonic devices from diamond is a relatively unexplored area of research. In this presentation we review our recent progress in creating diamond-based nanophotonic systems optically coupled to NV centers.
Spontaneous coherent pulsations in 3.39-μm He–Ne standing-wave laser oscillators

Spontaneous pulsations similar to the type discovered in 3.51-μm Xe laser oscillators were reported several years ago in 3.39-μm He–Ne lasers, but no numerical interpretation of the He–Ne data has been given. The model for the Xe laser instability is adapted here to the He–Ne system, and the results include direct comparisons between theoretical calculations and published experimental data. Good agreement is obtained for the instability threshold, the pulsation frequencies, and many other features; and unmeasured but potentially useful pulsation characteristics are also readily obtained from the model.
Analysis of eddy-current losses over conductive substrates with applications to monolithic inductors and transformers

In this paper, a closed-form integral representation for the eddy-current losses over a conductive substrate is presented. The results are applicable to monolithic inductors and transformers, especially when such structures are realized over an epitaxial CMOS substrate. The technique is verified against measured results from 100 MHz to 14 GHz for spiral inductors.
Relation between shock-related myocardial injury and defibrillation efficacy of monophasic and biphasic shocks in a canine model.

BACKGROUND Certain biphasic waveforms with specific time ratios of positive and negative components require less energy for successful defibrillation of the fibrillating ventricles than monophasic waveforms. However, if more efficient waveforms were also to be associated with more injurious effects on myocardial function, they might not provide a true biological advantage. This study investigates the relation between defibrillation efficacy and potential toxicity of monophasic and asymmetric, single capacitor, biphasic waveforms with equal durations of positive and negative components. METHODS AND RESULTS The myocardial lactate extraction rate (LER) was used to measure the injurious effects on myocardial oxidative metabolism of two synchronized 35-J shocks in sinus rhythm. LER, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and, in a subset of experiments, cardiac output (CO) and coronary blood flow (CBF) were measured at baseline, 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 90 seconds, 150 seconds, 300 seconds, and 600 seconds after the shocks. In 12 dogs, three different waveforms (M 10: monophasic 10 milliseconds; BI 10: biphasic 10 milliseconds; BI 20: biphasic 20 milliseconds) were tested as series of two consecutive shocks (60 seconds apart) resulting in a total of 36 sets of data. At baseline, LER was 25 +/- 11%. After monophasic shocks, LER decreased significantly more than after biphasic shocks (LER at 150 seconds: M 10: -6 +/- 31% versus BI 10: 21 +/- 15% versus BI 20: 21 +/- 16%; M 10 versus BI 10 and M 10 versus BI 20, P CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that these specific biphasic waveforms are associated with less injurious effects on myocardial oxidative metabolism and hemodynamic performance. Given their higher defibrillation efficacy as well, biphasic waveforms may provide important long-term benefits in patients receiving frequent shocks from implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
Regenerative fuel cells for space applications

Abstract After several years of development of the regenerative fuel cell (RFC) as the electrochemical storage system to be carried by the future space station,
Assessing vocabulary learning in early childhood

There is widespread agreement with in the field of early childhood education that vocabulary is important to literacy achievement and that reading aloud can support vocabulary growth. However, ther...
EFFECTS OF REPETITION AND COMPETITION ON ACTIVITY IN LEFT PREFRONTAL CORTEX DURING WORD GENERATION

Neuroimaging studies have revealed an association between word generation and activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) that is attentuated with item repetition. The experiment reported here examined the effects of repeated word generation, under conditions in which completion was either decreased or increased, on activity measured during whole-brain echoplanar functional magnetic resonance imaging. Activity in left IFG decreased during repetition conditions that reduced competition but increased during repetition conditions that increased competition; this pattern was contrasted to repetition effects observed in other cortical areas, specifically regions of left temporal cortex. The increase in left IFG activity, which is not predicted by a simple semantic retrieval account of prefrontal function, is consistent with the hypothesis that left IFG subserves the selection of semantic knowledge among competing alternatives.
120 mm Prestressed Carbon Fiber/Thermoplastic Overwrapped Gun Tubes

The emphasis on lightweight large caliber weapons systems has placed the focus on the use of advanced composite materials. Using composite materials not only directly removes weight from the gun tube but also, by better balancing the tube, allows the use of smaller drive systems, thus further enhancing the system weight loss. Additionally, the use of high stiffness composites helps with pointing accuracy and to alleviate the dynamic strain phenomenon encountered with high velocity projectiles. Traditionally, there were two issues with composite jackets: the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the steel substrate and the composite jacket causing a gap and the lack of favorable prestress in the jacket. Dealing with these issues greatly complicated the manufacturing process to the point where mass-producing the barrels would have been problematic at best. By using a thermoplastic resin, a cure on the fly process, and winding under tension, the manufacturability of the barrels has been greatly improved, the gap has been eliminated, and a favorable prestress has been achieved. Four 120mm barrels have been manufactured using this process with IM7 fibers in a PEEK matrix and successfully test fired. The first barrel was not prestressed and was reported on previously. This paper will focus on the other three barrels. The design, manufacturing, and test firing of these barrels will be covered.
Concomitant Synthesis of Bacteriocin and Bacteriocin Inactivator from Serratia marcescens

We have found that Serratia marcescens strain P & S is bacteriocinogenic. However, the phenotypic expression of bacteriocin activity depends upon the temperature at which the cells are grown. When the organism is grown at 30 to 37 C, no bacteriocin activity can be demonstrated, whereas when it is grown at 39 C bacteriocin activity is readily observed. It appears that the P & S strain concomitantly synthesizes a bacteriocin and a substance which not only can inactivate the bacteriocin but also has a high activation energy for inactivation. This inactivator readily loses its activity when heated at 39 C for 1 hr. Two mutants were isolated from the P & S strain which can produce active bacteriocin when grown at temperatures from 30 to 39 C. It is significant that these mutants have considerably less bacteriocin inactivator. The data suggest that the inactivator is an extracellular protease. The ability of one of these mutants, JF58-12, to produce active bacteriocin at temperatures between 30 and 39 C is a stable property, whereas in the other mutant, JF48W, this property is unstable. JF48W was selected from the P & S strain in two steps: first a streptomycin-resistant variant (strain A-10) was isolated and from this mutant a strain (JF48W) was isolated which not only synthesized little of the inactivator but also did not synthesize the red pigmnet prodigiosin. This latter pleiotropic mutant appears to revert in one step to a phenotype similar to the P & S strain, since it is streptomycin-sensitive and produces prodigiosin and normal amounts of inactivator and the demonstration of bacteriocin activity is temperature-dependent.
A new bidirectional ZVS switch for direct AC/AC converter applications

This paper introduces a new bidirectional soft commutation switching cell aimed at use in direct AC/AC converters. The proposed technique features no dead time between commutations of different switches and overcurrent protection thanks to the use of the principles of the dual thyristors. Because all the switches are driven at the same time, this cell allows design of a simple gate signal drive circuitry. As a consequence, all types of AC modulations can be used and the bidirectional switches can operate at high frequency of commutation. Another advantage of this technique is that only two power switches are conducting at the same time with no increase of the conduction losses. A prototype of an AC chopper operating at 20 kHz using IGBT was implemented in the laboratory. Analysis and design are also presented in the paper. >
Einstein Observatory /HEAO-B/ mirror design and performance

The mirrors for the Einstein Observatory represent a substantial advance in the state of the art X-ray optics, and have been tested more thoroughly than previous telescopes. The image is characterized by a narrow, wavelength independent core, and broad energy dependent wings. The width of the core is about that expected from mechanical and visible light measurements taken during fabrication and assembly. The wings of the response function are caused by microscopic surface scattering, but only a qualitative understanding of this process exists. Improvement in surface texture to reduce the wide angle scatter is the most urgent task in the development of large X-ray optics. The mirrors have survived the experiment integration period and launch, and are performing in orbit as they performed upon the ground.
Towards Automated RESTful Web Service Composition

Emerging as the popular choice for leading Internet companies to expose internal data and resources, Restful Web services are attracting increasing attention in the industry.While automating WSDL/SOAP based Web service composition has been extensively studied in the research community, automated RESTful Web service composition in the context of service-oriented architecture (SOA), to the best of our knowledge, is less explored. As an early paper addressing this problem, this paper discusses the challenges of composing RESTful Web services and proposes a formal model for describing individual Web services and automating the composition. It demonstrates our approach by applying it to a real-world RESTful Web service composition problem. This paper represents our initial efforts towards the problem of automated RESTful Web service composition.We are hoping that it will draw interests from the research community on Web services, and engage more researchers in this challenge.
Polarization selective computer-generated holograms created by femtosecond pulse induced birefringence

We demonstrate polarization selective birefringent computer-generated holograms fabricated in glass with femtosecond lasers. We present a coding technique adapted to the writing process. The experimental reconstruction shows excellent polarization selectivity at the design wavelength.
Time-frequency plane Wiener filtering of the high-resolution ECG: development and application

The time-frequency plane Wiener (TFPW) filter is a new method, based on a posteriori Wiener filtering principles, to enhance the performance of ensemble averaging. This paper develops the mathematical aspects of the TFPW filter, and assesses its performance with elementary signals, such as sine waves and chirps, and authentic high-resolution electrocardiogram (HRECG) ensembles. The principal feature of the TFPW filter is its use of the time-frequency plane to accommodate signal nonstationarity. Using a posteriori computed statistics of the ensemble, the filter matches itself to the time-frequency structure of the signal to be estimated. The method is sufficiently general to be applicable to any class of repetitive signal with a deterministic time-frequency structure and additive noise in the ensemble. It is concluded that significant improvements in both estimated signal fidelity and noise reduction are possible with the TFPW filter, compared to conventional ensemble averaging.
On Estimation of a Two-Sided Matching Model

Abstract This paper provides an assessment of the implementation of a canonical two-sided matching model using marriage data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979–1998, NLSY). Results indicate that agents tend to be patient in the marriage market, and their attractiveness is more sensitive to permanent income (education) than transitory income (wage). The average marriage premium is about 1.3–1.6 percent. Results also show that using non-random samples of spouses distorts preference parameters, that matching outcomes are sensitive to singlehood utility specifications, and that segregation in sorting could limit heterogeneity in agents’ behavior. The proposed algorithm – solving for agents’ marriage sets based on analytic equations and feeding the solution into the likelihood estimation – does not demonstrate sufficient flexibility to match uncensored singlehood duration data.
Combined cyclin D1 overexpression and zinc deficiency disrupts cell cycle and accelerates mouse forestomach carcinogenesis.

Overexpression of cyclin D1 and disruption of cell cycle control in G1 occur frequently in human esophageal cancer. Transgenic (TG) mice with cyclin D1 overexpression targeted to the oral-esophageal tissue by the EBV ED-L2 promoter showed increased severity in esophageal dysplasia without cancer development, after multiple doses of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA). Dietary zinc deficiency (ZD) in mice enhances cellularproliferationinesophagus/forestomachandsusceptibilitytoNMBAinduced carcinogenesis. We investigated whether cyclin D1 overexpression in TG mice, together with ZD, might lead to unchecked cell proliferation and accelerated NMBA-induced tumorigenesis. Five-week-old TG and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a ZD- or -sufficient (ZS) diet, forming four groups: ZD:TG; ZS:TG; ZD:WT; and ZS:WT. After 4 weeks, animals were given a single intragastric NMBA dose and were sacrificed 25 and 77 days later. Without NMBA, cell proliferation was greatest in ZD:TG esophagus/forestomach, followed by ZD:WT, and then ZS:TG>ZS:WT. The high rate of cell proliferation was accompanied by overexpression of cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis biomarkers, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, p53, cytokeratin 14, epidermal growth factor receptor, and by a reduced rate of apoptosis. ZD substantially increased forestomach tumor incidence in TG mice: 85% of ZD:TG versus 14% of ZS:TG mice had forestomach tumors (P < 0.001), with progression to malignancy occurring only in ZD:TG tumors. Additionally, 14% of ZD:TG mice developed esophageal tumors and esophageal intestinal metaplasia at 77 days. Thus, cyclin D1 overexpression, in cooperation with ZD, decontrols cell proliferation, ensuring cell expansion, a prerequisite for cancer development.
Resilience, Meaning, and Well-Being

In this issue of The Counseling Psychologist, Smith presents an array of important strength-related literature and offers propositions, stages, and counseling recommendations to foster resilience among youth. This article argues, however, that the strength-based counseling model is not sufficiently operational or clearly distinguishable from other models and that more inclusion of the adult well-being literature could help to clarify key constructs and relationships among variables. The author proffers a focal operationalization of psychological resilience as generalized self-efficacy and discusses the importance of cultural moderators of resilience effects and meaning in life as a predictor of well-being. He recommends studying the incremental therapeutic benefits of strength-focused interventions.
Video browsing using edges and motion

Automatic video browsing requires algorithms for detecting a variety of events, including production effects (e.g., scene breaks and captions) and moving objects. We present new methods that use edges and motion for detecting production effects and computing motion segmentation. Production effects, such as cuts, dissolves, wipes and captions, can be detected by looking for new edges that are far from previous edges. A global motion computation, is used to register consecutive images. We have also developed a method for motion segmentation, which does not require computing local optical flow. Our methods run at several frames per second on a Sparc workstation, and tolerate compression artifacts.
The histology of ossified tendon in dinosaurs

Abstract Intratendinous ossification is widespread in dinosaurs (including birds). Although intratendinous ossification in living birds is well understood, the physiological process of tendon metaplasia and associated histological variability in Dinosauria are not. Therefore, ossified tendons were histologically sampled across extinct dinosaurian clades. Tendons of living birds and alligators were also sampled. Despite various anatomical locations and large differences in body size, ossified tendons were found to possess uniform microstructure even in specimens that do not normally experience intratendinous ossification (such as Spinostropheus and Camarasaurus). The ossified tendons of non-avian dinosaurs are largely indistinguishable from skeletal bone with respect to microanatomical features. However, ossified tendons in birds lack periosteal bone and associated fibrolamellar structures associated with ornithischian dinosaur tendons. Variation in periosteal bone occurs along the length of individual ten...
Embedding heterogeneous data by preserving multiple kernels

Heterogeneous data may arise in many real-life applications under different scenarios. In this paper, we formulate a general framework to address the problem of modeling heterogeneous data. Our main contribution is a novel embedding method, called multiple kernel preserving embedding (MKPE), which projects heterogeneous data into a unified embedding space by preserving cross-domain interactions and within-domain similarities simultaneously. These interactions and similarities between data points are approximated with Gaussian kernels to transfer local neighborhood information to the projected subspace. We also extend our method for out-of-sample embedding using a parametric formulation in the projection step. The performance of MKPE is illustrated on two tasks: (i) modeling biological interaction networks and (ii) cross-domain information retrieval. Empirical results of these two tasks validate the predictive performance of our algorithm.
Early Research On The Shikimate Pathway: Some Personal Remarks And Reminiscences

The 25th Annual Conference at Asilomar, California, June 12 – 16, 1985, was a most enjoyable and stimulating event, which has splendidly accomplished its goal: to provide an overview of the present state of our knowledge of the shikimate pathway and its ramifications. As participants, we all are indebted to the organizers for the job they did; their effort must have been great.
A Summary of What We Know - and Don't - About State Fiscal Crises

The authors write that much can be done to make the next economic downturn easier for states. Rainy day funds can be built to higher levels, and revenue sources can be strengthened and made less volatile.
Columns in Planar Continuous Structures

A design method for steel columns as parts of a continuous frame is developed. For the design of each column, only adjacent members are assumed to provide restraint. Therefore, the column is designed as part of a subassemblage. The design is based on the ultimate strength or limit of stability of the entire subassemblage. This will usually be in the inelastic range. A check for adequacy of a column cross section as part of a subassemblage is developed. This check for adequacy has the function that the AISC interaction formula has in conventional design. The only mode of failure designed for is instability due to bending in one of the principal bendin planes. The charts and example are for the case where the column will be bent in syn metric single curvature, but the method can be extended to other cases. The design method has evolved as one of the preliminary stages in a research project being conducted on the plastic design of multi-story frames.
Osmotic Fragility and Spontaneous Lysis of Human Red Cells Preserved with Addition of Progesterone

SummaryHuman red blood cells have been stored at 2°C in acid-citrate-dextrose solutions with and without addition of progesterone in physiological concentration. The osmotic fragility and the “late autohemolysis” or spontaneous lysis of the cells during storage have been determined at intervals up to 42 days. As the time of storage increases a progressive loss of osmotic resistance and an increase in the spontaneous hemolysis occur; however, for the cells preserved without progesterone the loss of osmotic resistance as well as the increase in the hemolysis are much higher than those observed for the red cells preserved with progesterone. It is possible that progesterone maintains the structural integrity of the cells by interacting with constituents of the red blood cell membrane.
Microwave-rate soliton mode-locking on a chip

A monolithic mode-locked optical frequency comb that generates electronic-rate soliton pulses is demonstrated. The pulses are spectrally broadened and their detected, repetition-rate phase noise is comparable to a good K-band oscillator.
EVOLUTION OF COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN MIXTURES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: POPULATIONS WITH AN INITIAL ASYMMETRY.

The short term effect on a population of being cultured in mixture with a reproductively isolated population of the same species has been investigated for some insects (Seaton and Antonovics, 1967; Sokal et al., 1970; Bryant and Turner, 1972; Dawson, 1972). In these experiments, phenotypically distinct populations were kept isolated by starting mixtures with inseminated females or samples of fertilized eggs, then collecting and separating by phenotype individuals of the next generation before they reached reproductive maturity. Such experiments may serve as models of interspecific competition (Sokal et al., 1970). The use of populations of the same species should guarantee maximal niche overlap and, consequently, strong selection pressures resulting from competition. The term competition is used throughout this paper in the following sense: competition occurs when two or more populations experience decreased reproductive output or carrying capacity attributable to their mutual presence in an area. This is a modification of a definition presented by Emlen (1973, p. 307). The results of the various experiments examining evolution in mixed cultures were dissimilar. Mixed culturing had no effect on populations of Tribolium confusum, T. castaneum, or Musca domestica (Sokal et al., 1970; Dawson, 1972). In other experiments, rapid changes have been reported for Drosophila melanogaster (Seaton and Antonovics, 1967) and M.
On the structure and response of aerodynamically-strained planar premixed flames

The effects of aerodynamic straining on the structure and response of adiabatic, unrestrained, equidiffusive, planar premixed flames were experimentally and computationally studied via the counterflow, twinflame configuration formed by oppositely-directed identical jets of nitrogendiluted, near-stoichiometric methandair mixtures. Experimentally, the doc i ty , temperature and major species concentration profiles were determined by using LDV and spontaneous Raman scattering as functions of the applied strain rate. Computationally, the experimental situation was simulated with detailed reaction mechanisms and transport properties. Both the experimental and computational results show that the flame structure remains similar in response to variations in strain rate as long as the flame is sufficiently far away from the stagnation surface so that incomplete reaction is minimal. These results substantiate the concepts that the flame structure, and thereby the f lme thickness, are invariant to strain rate variations for adiabatic, unrestrained, diffusionally-neutral premixed flames with complete reaction, and that these flames cannot be extinguished by straining alone. The computed results are further shown to agree well quantitatively with the experimental data, hence supporting the usefulness of the computational model for the simulation of strained flames. Implications of present findings on the extinction of stretched flames, the modelling of turbulent flames through the concept of laminar flamelets, and flame stabilization and blowoff, are discussed. d Introduction The structure and response of laminar premixed flames under the influence of stretch have attracted much attention because not only most practical laminar flames are stretched, but a major effort in turbulent flame modeling is also based on the concept * Graduate Student ** Professor, Fellow AIAA Copyright
Amendment of Soviet Law concerning Religious Groups

In June 1975, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic issued a decree amending the principal law governing religious activity in the Soviet Union. The changes introduced into the 1929 legislation "On Religious Associations" do not portend substantial altera tions in the relationship between the state and the churches in the Soviet Union, and therein lies most of their significance. The Soviet government has reviewed its policy with respect to religion and has chosen to confirm the status quo. Such confirmation, however, required amendment of the law in order to bring it into conformity with existing practices.
Subjectivity and Reference

The problem of subjectivity is an explanatory problem, and the problem is not merely that we do not yet have the explanation. We don’t seem to have even the framework for an explanation. In Thomas Metzinger’s phrase, subjectivity has not been “turned into an explanandum for the hard sciences” (2004, p. 36). We don’t know what an explanation would look like, or what sort of explanation might be given. This is because subjectivity seems sui generis. There are no explanations of other, relevantly similar phenomena that might serve as paradigms. In part, the difficulty lies in knowing what needs to be explained. Subjectivity is a bit like an “unknown unknown.” When confronted with a known unknown, there is some known variable x, such that discovering the value of x will fit some model or solve some equation. But here the variable itself is undefined, an unknown. Although it is indeed known that we don’t have the explanation (as in the case of a “known unknown”), this doesn’t help because scientists have little more than the word itself to work with. Like Meno, we don’t know what we are looking for. In seeking an explanation of subjectivity, what do we want to know? What is subjectivity? How will we know if we’ve explained it? The task of the first three chapters of this book is to consider these questions and to clarify what needs an explanation and what does not.
Workers beneath the Floodgates: The Impact of removing trade quotas for China on Danish workers

Using the dismantling of trade quotas on Chinese textile and clothing products in conjunction with China's accession to the WTO and an employer-employee matched data-set for the period 1999 to 2010, workers' adjustments to intensified low-wage competition is analyzed. Utilizing within-industry heterogeneity in workers' exposure to this trade shock, results reveal negative and significant impact of the low-wage import shock on workers' future earnings and employment trajectories. The abolishment of quotas leads to higher likelihood of unemployment and shorter future tenure for workers. While most workers employed by firms exposed to low-wage competition are influenced negatively to a similar extent at the exposed employer, the degree of adjustment to the initial shock varies greatly across different types of workers. In particular less-educated, older and those who had elementary occupations or occupations that require industry-specific training at the exposed firms had the worst adjustment experience. The results suggest that adjustment costs are very important and heterogeneous across different types of workers and highlight the need for targeting specific groups in assistance and adjustment schemes.
Agent-based financial markets: A review of the methodology and domain

An agent-based model is a computer simulation driven by the individual decisions of programmed agents. Such models provide a promising alternative to traditional economic modeling in that they can fully capture the diversity of agents and the institutional detail of the underlying an economic system. In this paper, we provide a brief methodological review of the agent-based approach to modeling financial markets. We review the research strategy, which is organized into a discussion of formulation, implementation, verification and validation. We conclude the paper with a review of the domain focusing on modeling market participants and market institutions.
Frontline Science: Functionally impaired geriatric CAR-T cells rescued by increased α5β1 integrin expression

Chimeric antigen receptor expressing T cells (CAR-T) are a promising form of immunotherapy, but the influence of age-related immune changes on CAR-T production remains poorly understood. We showed that CAR-T cells from geriatric donors (gCAR-T) are functionally impaired relative to CAR-T from younger donors (yCAR-T). Higher transduction efficiencies and improved cell expansion were observed in yCAR-T cells compared with gCAR-T. yCAR-T demonstrated significantly increased levels of proliferation and signaling activation of phosphorylated (p)Erk, pAkt, pStat3, and pStat5. Furthermore, yCAR-T contained higher proportions of CD4 and CD8 effector memory (EM) cells, which are known to have enhanced cytolytic capabilities. Accordingly, yCAR-T demonstrated higher levels of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxicity compared with gCAR-T. Enhanced tumor killing by yCAR-T correlated with increased levels of perforin and granzyme B. yCAR-T had increased α5β1 integrin expression, a known mediator of retroviral transduction. We found that treatment with M-CSF or TGF-β1 rescued the impaired transduction efficiency of the gCAR-T by increasing the α5β1 integrin expression. Neutralization of α5β1 confirmed that this integrin was indispensable for CAR expression. Our study suggests that the increase of α5β1 integrin expression levels enhances CAR expression and thereby improves tumor killing by gCAR-T.
Feature Clustering with Fading Affect Bias: Building Visual Vocabularies on the Fly

We present a fast and accurate center-based, single-pass approach for data clustering in a non-parametric fashion, with main focus on features from large image collections and streaming videos. We use a dictionary of clusters and a list (‘short memory’) of centers temporarily stored during parsing the data. The latter is used to determine emerging clusters, not previously observed, or outliers that are discarded. Our method assigns features to existing or newly created clusters with constant-time computations, and it can be used for more general static datasets or sequential (streaming) data. In our experiments, we make extensive comparisons with approaches commonly used in feature clustering, with respect to accuracy and efficiency.
From the science of learning (and development) to learning engineering

In this issue, Cantor and colleagues synthesize a broad representation of the literature on the science of learning, and how learning changes over the course of development. Their perspective highl...
Integrated approaches to spatiotemporally directing angiogenesis in host and engineered tissues.

Abstract The field of tissue engineering has turned towards biomimicry to solve the problem of tissue oxygenation and nutrient/waste exchange through the development of vasculature. Induction of angiogenesis and subsequent development of a vascular bed in engineered tissues is actively being pursued through combinations of physical and chemical cues, notably through the presentation of topographies and growth factors. Presenting angiogenic signals in a spatiotemporal fashion is beginning to generate improved vascular networks, which will allow for the creation of large and dense engineered tissues. This review provides a brief background on the cells, mechanisms, and molecules driving vascular development (including angiogenesis), followed by how biomaterials and growth factors can be used to direct vessel formation and maturation. Techniques to accomplish spatiotemporal control of vascularization include incorporation or encapsulation of growth factors, topographical engineering, and 3D bioprinting. The vascularization of engineered tissues and their application in angiogenic therapy in vivo is reviewed herein with an emphasis on the most densely vascularized tissue of the human body – the heart. Statement of Significance Vascularization is vital to wound healing and tissue regeneration, and development of hierarchical networks enables efficient nutrient transfer. In tissue engineering, vascularization is necessary to support physiologically dense engineered tissues, and thus the field seeks to induce vascular formation using biomaterials and chemical signals to provide appropriate, pro-angiogenic signals for cells. This review critically examines the materials and techniques used to generate scaffolds with spatiotemporal cues to direct vascularization in engineered and host tissues in vitro and in vivo. Assessment of the field’s progress is intended to inspire vascular applications across all forms of tissue engineering with a specific focus on highlighting the nuances of cardiac tissue engineering for the greater regenerative medicine community.