cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing Cardiac Metabolic Rates during Pathologic Conditions with Dynamic 13 C NMR Spectra

Approaches for assessing both glycolytic and TCA cycle metabolic activity from dynamic 13C NMR spectra have been reviewed. In each case, specific examples are provided into ways in which 13C NMR measures provide unique pathophysiologic insights into clinically important questions regarding myocardial stunning and hibernation as well as ischemic preconditioning. 13C NMR studies in isolated hearts suggest that the TCA cycle may be transiently slowed immediately after ischemia but that the persistent dysfunction of “stunned” myocardiurn cannot be attributed to reduced TCA cycle activity since it is relatively increased as compared with that in normal myocardium with similar contractile activity. “Hibernating” myocardium is associated with reduced TCA cycle activity and increased anaerobic metabolism. 13C NMR may provide a unique means to distinguish these causes of reversible myocardial dysfunction. The attenuated ischemic acidosis, which contributes to protection in ischemic preconditioning, has been shown by 13C NMR to be attributable to a primary reduction in glycogenolysis throughout ischernia and not simply due to an exhaustion of glycogen stores by the preconditioning episodes. It is anticipated that these and other observations will help guide future work as 13C NMR studies are implemented in more physiologic and ultimately clinical settings.
Potential Acuity Meter for Potential Predicting Visual Acuity after Nd:YAG Posterior Capsulotomy

We studied 30 patients with opacifications of the posterior capsule to determine if the potential acuity meter (PAM) could accurately predict final visual outcome after Nd:YAG discussion. The final visual acuity was within one line of the PAM prediction in 22 of 30 patients (73%), better by two or more lines in seven patients (23%), and worse in one patient (4%) by two lines. Although in thicker capsules the final acuity was occasionally better than the PAM prediction, the rates of false negative and false positive predictions were very low. Mild cystoid macular edema (3 patients), age-related macular degeneration (3 patients), intraocular lens status, and level of initial acuity did not diminish PAM accuracy. The PAM effectively predicts final visual acuity after YAG posterior capsulotomy, when used in a patient, unhurried manner.
The moiré method applied to three-dimensional elastic problems

The purpose of this paper is to develop the technique of moire for three-dimensional strain and stress analysis. The classical problem of contact of a sphere with a semi-infinite space is studied, and experimental results are compared with those of Hertz's solution. Results show that the method is accurate and has a high sensitivity. The results prove also that the strain distribution in a very small region with a steep gradient can be detected quite precisely.
Deviance in Social Media

In this chapter, we explain what we mean by deviance in social media . We give examples of four types of deviance as observed on social media, viz., deviant acts , deviant events , deviant tactics , and deviant groups . We provide historical information, definitions, and examples that will be studied/explained in more details throughout the book. This chapter would help the readers understand the scope of the problem of deviance in social media, familiarize with definitions and examples of deviant events, groups, acts, and tactics, and peek at the social science theories that can explain such emergent deviant behaviors on social media.
Three year trends in e-cigarettes among Midwestern middle school age youth

Background: Middle school age youth are increasing their use of e-cigarettes, which creates a major public health concern. However, more research examining e-cigarette use in this age group is need...
Correctly Assessing Defect Tolerance in Halide Perovskites

The notion of “defect tolerance” has often been invoked to explain the excellent performance of halide perovskites in optoelectronic applications. However, this concept has not been rigorously defi...
The future of Neurology®: Building on a strong foundation.

As incoming Editor-in-Chief, I will build on a strong foundation. Under the leadership of Robert A. Gross, MD, PhD, and a dedicated team of editors and editorial staff, Neurology® has become the most influential clinical neurology journal in the world: it receives the most citations and has the highest Eigenfactor score, a measure of the journal’s importance to the wider scientific community. It is also the clinical neurology journal with the widest distribution, and articles published in Neurology influence what neurologists do every day. The journal has pioneered editorial practices that promote transparent research reports and mitigate financial and other conflicts of interest. It has implemented new ways to bring its content to readers online, in print, and through podcasts and other social media. Neurology has 3 successful sister journals focused on practice issues and research in highly specialized areas, and these journals complement other American Academy of Neurology (AAN) publications.
Low Noise High Stability Amplifiers over Very High Frequency Range Using Mismatching Approach within Linvill Plane Simulation

A software approach was utilized to study the gain stability over a long frequency range in the order of 10 decades. The approach addresses the input and output power representations on the Linvill plane over a given frequency range. The study considers the mismatching approach by adding input and output admittances to keep the transducer gain of the system stable with a high stern stability factor. The study was extended to cover optimum noise figure over a frequency range of 10Hz-100GHz. The new selection technique uses a MATLAB script to calculate the Y parameters of a common emitter BJT amplifier for a wide frequency band. From the Y parameters, calculations for the optimum shunt admittances for the source and load are made based on a customizable threshold for the Stern stability factor. Additional calculations are made to optimize the source conductance to achieve the lowest noise figure. The program then calculates the noise figure at optimum stability and the stability factor at optimum noise. Initially, the device was instable for 2 decades within the MHz range, and after applying the described approach, the device was stable for the entire 10Hz100GHz frequency range. The transducer gain of the stabilized device was lower than that of the initial instable device.
Nosocomial Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Tibia in an Otherwise Healthy Adolescent: A Case Report.

Introduction Pseudomonas osteomyelitis in otherwise healthy children is rare but may present following puncture wounds to the foot or involve the skull following mastoiditis. We present a case of nosocomial chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia caused by Pseudomonas in a previously healthy adolescent following surgical debridement of a non-pseudomonal chronic osteomyelitis in the same location 18 months prior. To our knowledge, such a case has not previously been described. Case report A 17-year-old previously healthy young man presented with several month duration of pain in the right leg below the knee with no prior trauma, overlying a site of chronic, culture-negative osteomyelitis which was successfully treated with anti-staphylococcal therapy 1year prior. Magnetic resonance imaging of the affected area revealed findings consistent with chronic osteomyelitis at his prior surgical site, while operative culture demonstrated growth of a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An extensive immunological evaluation was unremarkable. He demonstrated clinical and radiographic improvement following 4 months of intravenous antimicrobial therapy. Conclusion Given the extreme rarity of P.aeruginosa in community-acquired osteoarticular infections, as well as the antimicrobial resistance profile demonstrated and the localization to a prior surgical site, this is felt to be the first description of a nosocomial osteoarticular infection with this organism in an otherwise healthy child. Providers should be aware of the potential for osteoarticular infection with atypical organisms in the post-operative patient.
Use of agriculture waste as short discrete fibers and glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer rebars in concrete walls for enhancing impact resistance

Abstract Residual wastes of large-scale productions are constantly gaining attention in developing countries for their possible use in manufacturing of sustainable materials. Natural fibers (jute fibers) that are abundantly available in agriculturally progressive countries when used in concrete can engage construction industry for adopting environmentally friendly material composites. Jute fibers have tendency to improve performance of concrete in terms of energy absorption. Structures that are vulnerable to blast happenings are supposed to absorb the high impact energy in case of such unprecedented event. The overall goal of the research program is to improve the dynamic performance of concrete by addition of natural fibers. The specific aim of this study is to improve impact resistance of concrete walls by addition of jute fibers. Prototype walls are prepared using steel rebars and GFRP rebars with normal concrete and jute fiber reinforced concrete. 50 mm long jute fibers are used, 5% by mass of cement. Mix design ratio of 1: 2: 3: 0.6 (Cement: Sand: Aggregates: w/c) is taken. Impact testing is performed using modified pendulum impact apparatus. Impact strength and dynamic response is investigated. Dynamic properties are determined at different damage stages. Post impact fiber concrete matrix is analyzed. Empirical and analytical equations are developed based on obtained results. The obtained results show domination of GFRP rebars reinforced concrete walls having jute fibers over other combinations. Thus, obtained dominant combination of rebars and fiber reinforced concrete can be practically implemented to avoid possible spreading of concrete fragments against blast impact, saving human lives.
Do journals instruct authors to address sex and gender in psychological science

Sex and gender influence individuals’ psychology, but are often overlooked in psychological science. The sex and gender equity in research (SAGER) guidelines provide instruction for addressing sex and gender within five sections of a manuscript (i.e., title/abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion) (Heidari et al., Res Integr Peer Rev 1:1-9, 2016). We examined whether the 89 journals published by the American Psychological Association provide explicit instruction for authors to address sex and gender within these five sections. Both authors reviewed the journal instructions to authors for the words “sex,” and “gender,” and noted explicit instruction pertaining to these five sections. Only 8 journals (9.0%) instructed authors to address sex/gender within the abstract, introduction, and/or methods sections. No journals instructed authors to address sex and gender in the results or discussion sections. These journals could increase sex/gender equity and improve the reproducibility of psychological science by instructing authors to follow the SAGER guidelines.
Learning End-User Behavior for Optimized Bidding and User/Network Association

We study the impact of end-user behavior on service provider (SP) bidding and user/network association in a HetNet with multiple SPs while considering the uncertainty in the service guarantees offered by the SPs. Using Prospect Theory (PT) to model end-user decision making that deviates from expected utility theory (EUT), we formulate user association with SPs as a multiple leader Stackelberg game where each SP offers a bid to each user that includes a data rate with a certain probabilistic service guarantee and at a given price, while the user chooses the best offer among multiple such bids. We show that when users underweight the advertised service guarantees of the SPs (a behavior observed under uncertainty), the rejection rate of the bids increases dramatically which in turn decreases the SPs utilities and service rates. To overcome this, we design a two-stage learning-based optimized bidding framework for SPs. In the first stage, we use a support vector machine (SVM) learning algorithm to predict users’ binary decisions (accept/reject bids), and then in the second stage we use a dynamic programming based optimized bidding (DPOB) algorithm to efficiently arrive at the optimal SP bids. Simulation results and computational complexity analysis validate the efficiency of the bidding framework.
Physical activity, lung function, and sleep outcomes in urban children with asthma.

Objectives To examine (1) whether daily declines in physical activity (PA) level and/or in lung function (FEV1) predict an asthma exacerbation in a sample of urban children with asthma, and (2) the association between number of sleep awakenings and decline in daytime PA in this group. Methods In this sample of urban children aged 7-9 years with persistent asthma (N = 147), objective methods assessing lung function via a handheld spirometer and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) via accelerometry were measured over a 4-week period during the fall and early winter of each year as part of a larger 5-year study. Results In the entire sample, a significant association between PA and lung function was noted such that a greater decline in daily MVPA was associated with lower odds of exacerbation. Ethnic group differences showed that this association was also significant only among Latino children (odds ratio [OR] = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.97-0.99). A greater number of sleep awakenings were associated with greater declines in daily MVPA among Latinos only (p = .05). Conclusions Results suggest that declining MVPA may contribute to lower risk for an exacerbation. Reasons for declining MVPA need to be further explored in this group. Children with asthma may avoid or be fearful of engaging in PA or may face early symptoms which influence patterns of PA, and this may minimize risk for an exacerbation. Results also suggest reasons for night-time disruptions may need to be targeted in further research or interventions as they can contribute to PA avoidance in this high-risk group.
Design for Test by Means of Scan

Most test generation schemes look at a CUT as a black box, the only available nodes of which for testers to control are its primary inputs, and to observe one are its primary outputs. This limited controllability and observability of circuits under test (CUT) means complex test generation algorithms for combinational circuits, and near-impossible test generation for the sequential circuits.
Consensus-based simultaneous arrival of multiple UAVs with constrained velocity

A critical requirement in the consensus-based simultaneous arrival problem is that consensus on the ETA must be achieved before any actual arrivals. Thus, the convergence rate of the consensus algorithm is important. When velocity constraints exist, however, finding the convergence rate of continuous-time algorithms is challenging. To address constrained consensus, we present a continuous-time projection-based consensus protocol for UAVs to achieve an agreement on the ETA. We show the e-convergence of the constrained consensus algorithm and derive the convergence rate. Based on these results, a sufficient condition is provided that guarantees the feasibility for simultaneous arrival, in terms of the length of the paths as well as the UAVs' minimal and maximal velocity.
Characterising the Correlations of Failure Events: A 2-D Block-and-Springs Model

: To mimic observations from acoustic emission experiments for random systems, we used a block-and-springs model to investigate the effect that increasing strain has on the locations of microscopic failure events leading to macroscopic failure across the sample. Model results show that failure events, which are initially located randomly throughout the sample, begin to cluster as stress build-up near earlier failure events. At failure, the system-wide fracture network was found to have a fractal dimension, Df ≈ 1.29. To quantify the observed clustering, we applied a number of different measures of this space-time behaviour: (i) the stress–strain curve; (ii) the total number of broken bonds and the average energy released by the broken bonds, (iii) the number distribution of cracks with s broken bonds, N(s), and the number distribution of cracks with s broken bonds or more, N(≥s), both of which follow power-laws agreeing with earlier predictions; and (iv) the number–number and energy–energy correlations at time t between a failure event at position (x′, y ′) and a failure event at (x′ + x, y ′ + y). Our results quantify the short-range clustering, exhibiting quantitatively and qualitatively different behaviour from the long-range clustering at failure; our results also show that the energy released outpaces the number of broken bonds.
Automated Evaluation of Text and Discourse with Coh-Metrix

Coh-Metrix is among the broadest and most sophisticated automated textual assessment tools available today. Automated Evaluation of Text and Discourse with Coh-Metrix describes this computational tool, as well as the wide range of language and discourse measures it provides. Section I of the book focuses on the theoretical perspectives that led to the development of Coh-Metrix, its measures, and empirical work that has been conducted using this approach. Section II shifts to the practical arena, describing how to use Coh-Metrix and how to analyze, interpret, and describe results. Coh-Metrix opens the door to a new paradigm of research that coordinates studies of language, corpus analysis, computational linguistics, education, and cognitive science. This tool empowers anyone with an interest in text to pursue a wide array of previously unanswerable research questions.
Factors that influence the decision to undergo cosmetic breast augmentation surgery.

Background: This study examined the factors that motivate women to seek cosmetic breast augmentation surgery. Methods: Twenty-five breast augmentation surgery candidates completed measures of body image dissatisfaction, sociocultual influences on physical appearance, marital and sexual satisfaction, and self-report questionnaires that assessed other motivations for surgery. Thirty physically similar women who were not interested in breast augmentation also completed the measures. Results: Replicating previous studies, breast augmentation candidates, compared with controls, reported greater dissatisfaction with their breasts. The two groups, however, did not differ on overall body image dissatisfaction or greater awareness or internalization of sociocultural influences on physical appearance. Breast augmentation patients reported more positive sexual functioning compared with controls. Conclusions: Overall, breast augmentation patients appeared to be motivated by their feelings about their breasts rather t...
New Life for Neural Networks

With the help of neural networks, data sets with many dimensions can be analyzed to find lower dimensional structures within them.
Isozymes of lactic dehydrogenase in normal endometrium.

Abstract Electrophoretic separation of the fractions of lactic dehydrogenase in normal endometrium has been described. Fractions I, II, and III predominate in the proliferative phase of the cycle, while fractions III, IV, and V are most marked in the secretory phase. Endometrium of pregnancy and that from patients using oral progestins is similar to secretory endometrium in this respect. The suggestion that fractions IV and V are those most involved in anaerobic glycolysis has likewise been discussed.
Topographic stress and rock fracture: a two-dimensional numerical model for arbitrary topography and preliminary comparison with borehole observations

Theoretical calculations indicate that elastic stresses induced by surface topography may be large enough in some landscapes to fracture rocks, which in turn could influence slope stability, erosion rates, and bedrock hydrologic properties. These calculations typically have involved idealized topographic profiles, with few direct comparisons of predicted topographic stresses and observed fractures at specific field sites. We use a numerical model to calculate the stresses induced by measured topographic profiles and compare the calculated stress field with fractures observed in shallow boreholes. The model uses a boundary element method to calculate the stress distribution beneath an arbitrary topographic profile in the presence of ambient tectonic stress. When applied to a topographic profile across the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory in central Pennsylvania, the model predicts where shear fractures would occur based on a Mohr–Coulomb criterion, with considerable differences in profiles of stresses with depth beneath ridgetops and valley floors. We calculate the minimum cohesion required to prevent shear failure, Cmin, as a proxy for the potential for fracturing or reactivation of existing fractures. We compare depth profiles of Cmin with structural analyses of image logs from four boreholes located on the valley floor, and find that fracture abundance declines sharply with depth in the uppermost 15 m of the bedrock, consistent with the modeled profile of Cmin. In contrast, Cmin increases with depth at comparable depths below ridgetops, suggesting that ridgetop fracture abundance patterns may differ if topographic stresses are indeed important. Thus, the present results are consistent with the hypothesis that topography can influence subsurface rock fracture patterns and provide a basis for further observational tests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NANOCONFINED ELECTROCHEMICAL NUCLEATION OF CRYSTALLINE MOLECULAR MONOLAYERS ON GRAPHITE SUBSTRATES

Real-time in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been employed to examine the electrochemical nucleation of epitaxially oriented, crystalline monolayers of bis(ethylenedithiolo)tetrathiafulvalene triiodide, (ET)2I3, on the basal plane of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrodes decorated with circular, single-layer-deep pits created by thermal etching. The nucleation of the monolayers in the pits is inhibited compared to the contiguous terraces. The time required for pit filling scales inversely with pit diameter, with nucleation completely suppressed in pits with diameters less than 100 nm. The suppression of growth in the pits can be attributed to the surface discontinuity created by the pit edge that prevents surface diffusion of ET growth units from the surrounding terrace to the pit. Consequently, growth of nuclei in the pits is limited by the amount of ET arriving in the pit by diffusion directly from solution. Numerical simulations of aggregate growth in pits illustrate the influences of tr...
Working memory and Stroop interference: An individual differences investigation

We investigated the claim that individual differences in working-memory capacity reflect limitations on the ability to inhibit task-irrelevant information and/or to maintain activation in the face of distracting or interfering events. Specifically, we investigated whether high- and low-capacity individuals differed in their susceptibility to interference on the Stroop task and whether high-capacity individuals employed a strategy for minimizing Stroop interference. In Experiment 1, we found that high-capacity participants showed substantial interference when conflict trials were infrequent, but almost no interference when conflict trials were frequent. In contrast, low-capacity participants showed substantial interference irrespective of the proportion of conflict trials. In Experiment 2, we found that high-capacity participants experienced substantial negative priming, slow responses when the to-be-named color was the irrelevant word on the previous trial. We discuss these results and their implications for highcapacity individuals’ ability to reduce Stroop interference in light of both inhibitory and noninhibitory accounts of negative priming.
Integrated mobile robotic system for environmental mapping and object localization

Many applications require the ability to navigate a mobile robotic platform through environments containing unknown obstacles. For example, many old nuclear reactors being decommissioned have no plans or models of the details of what is inside them. Sending humans into such unknown and hazardous environments is both costly and dangerous. Therefore, a robot that can go safely into these areas, knowing little or nothing about what it will encounter, is needed. This paper describes a system being developed that can be used either telerobotically, using graphical interfaces, or autonomously, with supervision capabilities through the interfaces. The system starts with little or no knowledge base and adds to it as it moves through the environment. The experiments described utilize a unique mobile robotic testbed including a wheeled robot integrated with ultrasonic range sensors, infrared proximity sensors, and CCD cameras controlled through VME based hardware.
Vibrations of Circular Cylindrical Shells With General Elastic Boundary Restraints

Vibration of a circular cylindrical shell with elastic boundary restraints is of interest to both researchers and structural engineers. This class of problems, however, is far less attempted in the literature than its counterparts for beams and plates. In this paper, a general solution method is presented for the vibration analysis of cylindrical shells with elastic boundary supports. This method universally applies to shells with a wide variety of boundary conditions including all 136 classical (homogeneous) boundary conditions which represent the special cases when the stiffnesses for the restraining springs are set as either zero or infinity. The Rayleigh–Ritz procedure based on the Donnell–Mushtari theory is utilized to find the displacement solutions in the form of the modified Fourier series expansions. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the current solution method. The modal characteristics of elastically restrained shells are discussed against different supporting stiffnesses and configurations.
Electromyographic biofeedback for neuromuscular reeducation in the hemiplegic stroke patient : a meta-analysis

The efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) for neuromuscular reeducation in the stroke patient has been difficult to establish. The purpose of this study was to assess EMG-BF efficacy through meta-analysis. We searched the English-language clinical studies of biofeedback, stroke, and cerebral vascular disease between 1966 and 1991 using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, REHABDATA, and Dissertation Abstracts International. Studies were included in the analysis if (1) the patients sustained a cerebral vascular accident that resulted in hemiplegia, (2) the study had a randomized or matched control group, (3) the study measured a functional outcome, and (4) EMG-BF was the independent variable. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 192). Their average effect size was 0.81. The 95% confidence interval for the effect size was 0.5 to 1.12. These results indicate that EMG-BF is an effective tool for neuromuscular reeducation in the hemiplegic stroke patient.
Anisotropic Weyl Fermions from the Quasiparticle Excitation Spectrum of a 3D Fulde-Ferrell Superfluid

Weyl fermions, first proposed for describing massless chiral Dirac fermions in particle physics, have not been observed yet in experiments. Recently, much effort has been devoted to explore Weyl fermions around band touching points of single-particle energy dispersions in certain solid state materials (named Weyl semimetals), similar as graphene for Dirac fermions. Here we show that such Weyl semimetals also exist in the quasiparticle excitation spectrum of a three-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled Fulde-Ferrell superfluid. By varying Zeeman fields, the properties of Weyl fermions, such as their creation and annihilation, number and position, as well as anisotropic linear dispersions around band touching points, can be tuned. We study the manifestation of anisotropic Weyl fermions in sound speeds of Fulde-Ferrell fermionic superfluids, which are detectable in experiments.
Analysis of EPDM Terpolymers by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration Methods

Near-infrared spectroscopy in the combination, first overtone, and second overtone regions is combined with the multivariate methods of Partial-Least-Squares (PLS) and Classical-Least-Squares (CLS) to provide calibrations for chemical components in ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) terpolymers. EPDM samples with 1,4-hexadiene (HD) and ethylidene norbornene (ENB) diene monomers were used for this study. Because unknown interaction effects are present in the spectra of these materials, the PLS calibration method gives more accurate calibrations than the CLS method. PLS coefficient spectra and CLS reconstructed spectra obtained from the calibrations are used to determine the sources of the unknown spectral effects. Results indicate that the combination, first overtone, and second overtone regions of the spectrum can be used to determine ethylene and propylene concentrations in the terpolymers, and the combination region can be used to determine diene concentrations. The presence of intrachain and interchain interactions in the terpolymers is indicated by observation of CLS reconstructed spectra.
Thalamo‐cortical organization of the visual system in the cat

Thalamo-cortical relationships in the visual system of the cat were studied by the method of retrograde degeneration. Localized lesions limited to area 17 result in degeneration only in the dorsolateral geniculate body; cell changes are marked in 3 laminae (A, A1, B), mild in nucleus interlaminaris centralis and minimal in nucleus interlaminaris medialis. Lesions limited to areas 18 and 19 are followed by marked degeneration in the medial interlaminar nucleus, mild in the other laminae; in addition, the lateral part of the posterior thalamic nucleus (ventral or inferior pulvinar) is also atrophied. Following large striate lesions which marginally involved areas 18 and 19, there is also mild, localozed degeneration in the anteroventral and reticular thalamic nuclei. Whin cortical lesions are limited to the convexity of the suprasylvian gyri, degeneration is present in the lateral aspect of laminae A, A1, B and nucleus interlaminaris centralis and in the medial part of the posterior nucleus, in addition to lateral dorsal, lateral posterior and pulvinar nuclei. Lesions in the ectosylvian gyri result in slight but definite degeneration in the lateral part of lamina A of the dorsal lateral geniculate, but nothing in the posterior nucleus. The geniculate projections to areas 17, 18 and 19, to the suprasylvian and ectosylvian gyri all show a rostrocaudal organization. The geniculostriate projection is also topographically organized in a mediolateral manner. Thus, the geniculocortical projection in the cat is not striate specific but spreads over the occipito-temporal cortex at least as far as the acoustic areas of the ectosylvian gyri. In this species the dorsal lateral geniculate body is not a unitary structure but is a complex of nuclei, all of which receive retinal fibers, and the cortical projections of which overlap those of the posterior, lateral dorsal, lateral posterior, pulvinar, medial geniculate, reticular and anterior thalamic nuclei.
Family, school, community engagement, and partnerships: an area of continued inquiry and growth

This article responds to the theme issue by providing a glimpse of the historical and contemporary efforts in the area of developing school, family, and community partnerships, a long-standing area of need and inquiry in the literature. It reports on the collective learning from these articles where implications of the findings pointed to the importance of elevating the importance of these partnerships. Implementation ideas of strong family, school, and community partnerships are considered along with areas that require continued attention including, but not limited to providing professional development learning opportunities, inviting voices from all stakeholders involved, shifting the paradigm of family and community involvement from a deficit model to a resource-rich model, and promoting a more free flowing sharing of research-based practices between the research community and those who are in the frontlines of these partnerships.
Decommissioning forecast in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, 2013–2033

Abstract One hundred and ten fixed, tensioned, and moored structures have been installed in the Gulf of Mexico in water depth greater than 400 ft, and through 2012, 15 structures have been decommissioned. Decommissioning is the final stage of an assets life cycle, where all wells are plugged and abandoned, the structure and associated production facilities are removed, and the seafloor cleared of all debris created by the operations. The purpose of this paper is to describe a decommissioning forecast for deepwater structures in the Gulf of Mexico. Three approaches (“simple models”) based on lease status, gross revenue, and production forecasting are applied to infer a short, medium, and long-term decommissioning forecast. Model assumptions are outlined along with a discussion of the limitations and uncertainty of analysis. About two dozen deepwater fixed platforms are expected to be removed over the next decade, but only 5 floaters are expected to be decommissioned through 2032.
B-cell lymphoma in a patient with WHIM syndrome

WHIM syndrome is a rare congenital familial syndrome consisting of warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis. We describe a 30-year-old man with WHIM syndrome, in whom red dermal facial nodules developed. The diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma was established with biopsy and immunohistochemical studies. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of WHIM syndrome complicated by a B-cell lymphoma.
Basaltic fissure eruptions, plume heights, and atmospheric aerosols

Convective plumes that rise above Hawaiian-style fire fountains consist of volcanic gases, aerosols, fine ash, and entrained heated air. Plume theory has been applied to observational estimates of the rate of thermal energy release from large fire fountains. The theoretically predicted heights of maintained plumes agree very well with the heights found from actual observations. Predicted plume heights for both central-vent (point-source) and fissure (line-source) eruptions indicate a stratospheric penetration by plumes that form over vents with very high magma-production rates. Flood basalt fissure eruptions that produce individual lava flows with volumes greater than 100 cu km at very high mass eruption rates are capable of injecting large quantities of sulfate aerosols into the lower stratosphere, with potentially drastic short-term atmospheric consequences, like acid precipitation, darkening of the sky, and climatic cooling.
Poly(pyridinium salt)s with organic counterions derived from an aromatic diamine containing oxyethylene unit exhibiting amphotropic liquid-crystalline and photoluminescence properties

Abstract Several poly(pyridinium salt)s containing various organic counterions and oxyethylene unit in their backbones were synthesized by either the ring-transmutation polymerization reaction of 4,4′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(2,6-diphenylpyrylium tosylate) with 1,2-bis(4-aminophenoxy)ethane on heating in dimethyl sulfoxide or the metathesis reaction of the tosylate polymer with the corresponding lithium or sodium salts in acetonitrile. Their chemical structures were determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. Their number-average molecular weights and polydispersity indices were in the range of 59,000–63,000 and 1.41–1.65, respectively, as determined by gel permeation chromatography. They were characterized for their thermotropic and lyotropic liquid-crystalline properties by using differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. Since these polymers exhibited liquid-crystalline phase both in the melt and in solutions, they belong to an amphotropic class of ionic polymers. Their light-emitting properties both in polar organic solvents and in films cast from methanol and acetonitrile were also studied by using spectrofluorometry.
Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science: V. Brian Mason

— In this interview, Brian Mason describes the sudden awakening of his interest in meteorites during his student days at Canterbury College in New Zealand when he read a paper on the cosmic abundances of the elements by Victor M. Goldschmidt. Subsequently, he won a scholarship for graduate study abroad and wrote to Goldschmidt asking if he could do a thesis with him in Norway. Shortly after he began his research in Oslo, he fled the city, ahead of the German invasion of Norway, and completed his doctorate in Stockholm with a thesis on the iron-manganese minerals of the Langban Mine. After the war he taught for 3 years at Canterbury College where he gave courses on mineralogy and geology (into which he inserted lectures on geochemistry) and led students in extensive field studies. In 1947, Mason accepted a professorship of mineralogy at Indiana University. While there, he wrote the landmark book, Principles of Geochemistry, which appeared in 1952. The following year he moved to New York City where he served as the Curator of Minerals at the American Museum of Natural History and an adjunct professor at Columbia University. He became fascinated with the museum's meteorite collection and discussed meteorites in his lectures, which inspired some of his outstanding students to enter the field. During a sabbatical year he spent as a Fulbright Professor in Japan, he gave an advanced level seminar on meteorites and based his book, Meteorites, on his lecture notes. Mason developed a rapid method of optically classifying chondritic meteorites that he applied to major collections in many countries, thus enabling curators to replace uninformative labels such as “stone” or “chondrite” with species names, and to recognize which of their meteorites were rare types demanding serious study. In 1965 he moved to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. where he remained for the rest of his career. Early in 1968, he collected specimens from the spectacular fall of the Allende meteorite in Mexico, which proved to be a carbonaceous chondrite containing rare types of inclusions enriched in calcium and aluminum. His analyses showed how these inclusions could be divided into groups on the basis of their differing rare earth element patterns. Mason's studies of Allende continued while he investigated lunar samples returned by the Apollo missions and coauthored a book on them. Beginning in the latter 1970s, he applied his rapid classification of stony meteorites to the large numbers of specimens collected each year by U.S. teams on the Antarctic ice sheet. In 1992 he capped his career with a biography of Victor M. Goldschmidt. In recognition of his many fundamental contributions, The Meteoritical Society honored Brian Mason with its Leonard Medal at its meeting in 1972 at the University of Chicago.
Comparative study of the dynamics of lipid membrane phase decomposition in experiment and simulation.

Phase decomposition in lipid membranes has been the subject of numerous investigations by both experiment and theoretical simulation,(1) yet quantitative comparisons of the simulated data to the experimental results are rare.(2) In this work, we present a novel way of comparing the temporal development of liquid-ordered domains obtained from numerically solving the Cahn–Hilliard equation and by inducing a phase transition in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Quantitative comparison is done by calculating the structure factor of the domain pattern. It turns out that the decomposition takes place in three distinct regimes in both experiment and simulation. These regimes are characterized by different rates of growth of the mean domain diameter, and there is quantitative agreement between experiment and simulation as to the duration of each regime and the absolute rate of growth in each regime.
An unprecedented mode of ligation for a bridged amido-cyclopentadienide (constrained geometry) ligand; π-olefinic interactions with gallium and indium

The surprising reaction of GaCl3 or InBr3 with the di-Grignard reagent [Me2Si(C5Me4)(N-t-Bu)](MgCl)2·THF results in salts of the bimetallic anions of composition [X3M{C5Me4 (N-t-Bu)}MX2]− (M = Ga, X = Cl; M = In; X = Br) in which the MX2 moiety undergoes an η2-interaction with one of the double bonds of the localized cyclopentadienide ring.
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-β-2-furylacryloyltriacylglycerol: a chromophoric substrate for lipoprotein lipase

Abstract We have investigated the suitability of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-β-2-furylacryloyltriacylglycerol as a chromophoric substrate for lipoprotein lipase from Pseudomonas fragi . Steady-state kinetic experiments of the hydrolysis of emulsions of the ester chromophore catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase indicate that the Michaelis constant ( K m ) has the same value throughout the pH range 7 to 9.5. The value of K m was determined to be 0.1 mM from appropriate reciprocal plots; this K m value is comparable to that for emulsions of other triacylglycerol substrates. Studies of the rate of hydrolysis, V max , at different pH values indicate that the reaction is faster at basic pH, suggesting base catalysis of hydrolysis. A coupled assay for glycerol formed in the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase suggests that the rate of hydrolysis of the furylacryloyl side chain is faster than the rate of hydrolysis of the palmitoyl side chain at position 2, indicating that the chromophoric substrate is sufficiently reactive so that the usual stereochemical preference for hydrolysis at the 3 position is preserved. When mixed liposomes of phosphatidylcholine and chromophoric substrate are incubated with lipoprotein lipase there is an initial breakdown of the liposomes with release of chromophore into solution followed by a slow hydrolysis of chromophore; this result shows that the chromophoric substrate can be useful to monitor physical changes that occur in liposomes during the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase.
Social-Class Differences in Summer Learning Between Kindergarten and First Grade: Model Specification and Estimation:

Sociologists suggest that children from socially advantaged families continue to learn during the summer, whereas children from disadvantaged families learn either little or lose ground. This disparity in summer learning is hypothesized to result from differential participation in educationally beneficial summer activities. In this article, we test this theory with current and nationally representative data, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort. We examine how children's socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with their learning of literacy, mathematics, and general knowledge over the summer between kindergarten and the first grade. We also explore whether social-background differences in learning are explained by differential participation rates in summer activities. Our analytic models adjust for discrepancies between the timing of assessments and the timing of schools closing for the summer and opening in the fall. Much of the observed gain results from time in school. Nonetheless, social stratification characterizes summer learning between kindergarten and the first grade, with higher-SES children learning more. However, these social-background differences are only modestly explained by the activities in which children participate during the summer months.
Isolation and characterization of puromycin-resistant clones from cultured mosquito cells.

We have isolated from an established Aedes albopictus(mosquito) cell line clones which are resistant to the antibiotic puromycin. On the basis of growth and plating efficiency, clones Pur-8026 and Pur-8612 were five- and seven-fold more resistant, respectively, to puromycin than wild-type cells. In vitro protein synthesis was resistant to puromycin only in extracts prepared from Pur-8612 cells. Measurements of puromycin transport, crossresistance to colchicine, and sensitivity to Tween-80 indicated that resistance in Pur-8026 cells was due to membrane alteration(s) affecting permeability to puromycin. This is the first description of puromycin resistance in insect cells and also the first report of puromycin resistance in an animal cell variant associated with an alteration at the level of protein synthesis.
Salary differentials or sex discrimination? Evidence from the academic labor market

This study uses data from two national faculty surveys to estimate the extent of salary discrimination by sex in the academic labor market. Following the Oaxaca method, discrimination is measured as a residual, subtracting salary differences due to individual characteristics from total male/female salary differences. Several estimates are derived while controlling for various personal and professional characteristics including: publications, academic discipline, rank, and characteristics of the employing institution. From 1968 to 1977 there is a substantial reduction in measured discrimination, although a small salary difference remains after controlling for all available qualifications in 1977.
A pilot ambi-cranial PET system for GBM surgery guidance: Characterization and analysis

Complete resection of gioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is currently impossible due to the coordinate misalignment between pre-operative imaging and surgical operation caused by brain shifts. Intraoperative radioguidance has the potential to provide real-time feedback about residual tumor to assist surgery. The current study investigates an ambi-cranial PET system to detect annihilation activity with an intracranial detector array attached to a probe and an extracranial arc array. This pilot study characterizes the unique system response and analyzes image reconstruction behavior. Measurement were simulated to account for attenuation, detector efficiency variation, accidental coincidence, scattering and counting noise. For the pilot study, the intracranial probe and extracranial arc arrays were assumed to be 22cm apart radially, with 2mm and 6mm detector sizes respectively. Considering radially symmetric geometry, a 22cm*4cm 2D region of interest (ROI) was simulated with 2mm isotropic voxel resolution. MLEM was used for pilot image reconstruction. Point activities were simulated at various locations within the ROI and then estimated from noisy simulation. Direct inspection of the ideal system matrix suggested inhomogeneous and isotropic system response. Reconstruction results conformed such observation: in particular, directional resolution along the radial direction degraded as the point source moved from the probe side towards the extracranial arc detector, with the full-width-half-max values varying from 2mm, comparable to the ROI voxel size, to 16mm, suggesting deteriorating in localization accuracy. On the other hand, tangential resolution is almost constant at approximately 2mm throughout the ROI, in concordance with radial symmetry. This particular pattern of spatial variation and anisotropicity coincides with the clinical desire to accurately identify activity close to cavity for surgical adjustment and high tangential resolution for intracranial radiotherapy.