cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Who is regulating what and why?: Motivational context of self-regulation.

movement and its shortand long-term derailments and (b) provide an appreciation of what it takes to get the system humming. Most good auto mechanics know that when all the parts of an internal combustion engine are in their proper place and connected, the car may yet not work as desired. Likewise they know that car troubles do not bear a simple linear relation to small, isolated defects but often occur suddenly in response to patterned changes in system functioning over time. Psychologists can and should take a lesson from them. Thus, if we are to move toward a working conceptualization of motivational resonance, a critical reexamination of all extant theories of self-control and self-regulation is in order. Nevertheless, a noteworthy difficulty with the present formulation stems from its minimal attention to a normative model (i.e., to a conception of how self-regulation normally operates). Before we consider systems failure, do we not need to model systems success? Baumeister and Heatherton discuss "ingredients" of self-control but do not offer much of a recipe or metatheory to guide the derivation of "failure principles." Similarly, in the book-length treatment by Baumeister, et al. (1994) only two pages are devoted to setting forth the so-called basic ingredients of self-regulation. The fact that hypothesized causal elements (e.g., strength, false assumptions, or choking under pressure) tend to be paradigmatically isolated and, to a degree, reified is a direct result, I think, of a disregard for foundational modeling. Although their separate discussions of diverse clinical problems and critical ingredients of failure is probably necessary for didactic reasons, the scientist and practitioner nonetheless need considerably more guidance in order to understand how the systems elements connect and interact. Increased discussion of boundary conditions (e.g., the role of language and environmental affordances) would also help. Finally, although the authors address individual differences in control-relevant instrumental skills, perhaps more needs to be said about the skills and habits of goal representation in order to capture a greater portion of the variance in motivational resonance.
Understanding risk-taking behavior of groups: A decision analysis perspective

Past research has extensively investigated the effect of media, especially focusing on how anonymity increases risk-related behaviors of groups when using computer-mediated communication (CMC). This study extends prior research by examining the differences in group risk-taking behaviors between face-to-face groups and completely non-anonymous CMC groups (i.e., groups working in a fully identified, synchronous CMC environment similar to popular instant messaging systems utilized widely within organizations). Drawing on the ''decision analysis'' perspective, a key framework for understanding organizational decision-making, the study also examines the effects of the firm's risk preferences as well as the type of information distribution among group members (i.e., full information known to all group members versus partial information know by only some of the members) on the groups' risk-taking behaviors. Results from a laboratory experiment using student subjects found no differences in risk-taking behaviors between CMC and face-to-face groups; additionally, no differences were found related to how information was distributed among group members. A significant effect was found, however, for the risk preference of the firm, showing that risk-neutral firms influenced groups to make riskier decisions than groups from risk-averse firms. Finally, groups within risk-neutral firms receiving partial information made riskier decisions than groups receiving full information. The implications of these results for future research and practice are examined.
An inductive order construction for the difference of two dependent proportions

Abstract This paper concerns interval estimation for the difference of two dependent proportions. An order on the sample space is constructed using an inductive method; then the smallest one-sided 1 − α confidence interval under the order is derived. This interval is admissible under the set inclusion criterion, and is illustrated in two examples. An R-code is used to compute the proposed order and interval.
A software design approach for heterogeneous systems of unattended sensors, unmanned vehicles, and monitoring stations

The design and implementation of software for network systems of diverse physical assets is a continuing challenge to sensor network developers. The problems are often multiplied when adding new elements, and when reconfiguring existing systems. For software systems, like physical systems, explicit architectural descriptions increase system level comprehension. Coupled with well defined object oriented design practices, system extensibility is defined and software reuse and code composition are enabled. Our research is based on model driven design architecture. High level system models are defined in the Unified Modeling Language (UML), the language of the software engineer. However, since most experimental work is done by non-software specialists, (electronics Engineers, Mechanical Engineers and technicians) the model is translated into a graphical, domain specific model. Components are presented as domain specific icons, and constraints from the UML model are propagated into the domain model. Domain specialists manipulate the domain model, which then composes software elements needed at each node to create an aggregate system.
Analysis of homeodomain function by structure-based design of a transcription factor

Abstract The homeodomain is a 60-amino acid module which mediates critical protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions for a large family of regulatory proteins. We have used structure-based design to analyze the ability of the Oct-1 homeodomain to nucleate an enhancer complex. The Oct-1 protein regulates herpes simplex virus (HSV) gene expression by participating in the formation of a multiprotein complex (C1 complex) which regulates alpha (immediate early) genes. We recently described the design of ZFHD1, a chimeric transcription factor containing zinc fingers 1 and 2 of Zif268, a four-residue linker, and the Oct-1 homeodomain. In the presence of alpha-transinduction factor and C1 factor, ZFHD1 efficiently nucleates formation of the C1 complex in vitro and specifically activates gene expression in vivo. The sequence specificity of ZFHD1 recruits C1 complex formation to an enhancer element which is not efficiently recognized by Oct-1. ZFHD1 function depends on the recognition of the Oct-1 homeodomain surface. These results prove that the Oct-1 homeodomain mediates all the protein-protein interactions that are required to efficiently recruit alpha-transinduction factor and C1 factor into a C1 complex. The structure-based design of transcription factors should provide valuable tools for dissecting the interactions of DNA-bound domains in other regulatory circuits.
Effects of Neonatal Progestin Exposure on Female Reproductive Tract Structure and Function in the Adult Ewe

Endometrial glands are present in all mammalian uteri and produce secretions that are hypothesized to support conceptus (i.e., embryo/fetus and placental membranes) survival and development. In sheep, endometrial gland morphogenesis occurs postnatally and can be epigenetically ablated by chronic neonatal exposure to a progestin from birth, thereby producing an adult uterine gland knock-out (UGKO) phenotype. This study determined the long-term effects of neonatal progestin exposure on adult ovine reproductive tract structure and function. Neonatal ewes were exposed to norgestomet (Nor) from birth to 32 wk of age. Unexposed ewes served as controls. After puberty, adult Nor-treated (n = 6) and control (n = 6) ewes were repeatedly bred at estrus (Day 0) to intact rams of proven fertility. In contrast to a pregnancy rate of 80% for control ewes, pregnancy was never detected on Day 25 after mating (or thereafter) in bred UGKO ewes. Control and Nor-treated ewes were then bred and necropsied on Day 9. Similar numbers of hatched blastocysts were present in uterine flushings from control and Nor-treated ewes. Weights of the ovaries and cervices were not affected by treatment. No histoarchitectural differences between control and Nor-treated ewes were detected for ovaries, oviducts, cervices, or vaginae. However, uterocervical and uterine weight as well as uterine horn length were less for Nor-treated ewes. The uteri of Nor-treated ewes were devoid of endometrial glands and lacked the stromal delineation characteristic of intercaruncular endometrium in control ewes. Endometrial width, area, and lumenal epithelial length were decreased in uteri from Nor-treated ewes, but myometrial width and morphology were not affected. Expression of a number of mRNAs that are expressed predominantly in the endometrial epithelia was not different between uteri from control and from Nor-treated ewes. Collectively, these results indicate that neonatal exposure of ewes to a progestin from birth appears to only affect development of the uterus and not any extrauterine reproductive tract tissues. The infertility of the UGKO ewes appears to result from a lack of endometrial glands and, by extension, of their secretions that are required to support growth and development of peri-implantation conceptuses.
Outcomes and Secondary Prevention Strategies for Male Hip Fractures

OBJECTIVE:To assess clinical outcomes and determine whether osteoporosis assessment and secondary prevention strategies were performed for male veterans hospitalized for hip fractures.DESIGN:Retrospective chart review for male veterans hospitalized for hip fracture from January 1993 through July 1999.SETTING:The Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI.RESULTS:Medical charts were available for 46 of 53 male patients admitted for hip fracture during the study period. Three subjects were excluded because hip fracture was associated with high-impact trauma. Mean age of the 43 study patients was 72 years (range 43–91 y), and mean length of hospitalization was 16 days (median 11 d, range 3–108 d). Thirty-two (82%) of 39 veterans whose disposition was documented were discharged to a nursing home. Eleven (26%) of 43 men died within 12 months after fracture. Twelve (28%) had fractured previously. Four (10%) subsequently had another fracture. Three of 9 patients with documented ambulation status were ambulator...
Assembly Language Programming

In the previous chapter, we have been writing small programs by looking up the hexadecimal values that represent the instructions the microcomputer is to execute. These values are known as machine language, since they are interpreted directly by the machine. It has been convenient to annotate the machine language programs with mnemonic descriptions of each instruction and with explanatory comments for the benefit of the human programmer. This chapter will introduce a computer program called an assembler, which translates the mnemonic instructions into their machine language equivalents.
Combining Legendre/Fenchel transformed operators on max-plus spaces for nonlinear control solution

Max-plus methods have been explored for solution of first-order, nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellan partial differential equations (HJB PDEs) and corresponding nonlinear control problems. Specific applications to date have been to H/sub /spl infin// control and estimation. These methods exploit the max-plus linearity of the associated semigroups. In particular, although the problems are nonlinear, the semigroups are linear in the max-plus sense. These methods have been used successfully to compute solutions. Although they may be faster than more traditional methods, they still generally suffer from the curse of dimensionality - only the coefficient in the exponential rate of computational growth is reduced. There are natural spaces over the max-plus algebra in which to express solutions of HJB PDEs. The natural analog to the Laplace transform in ordinary spaces is the Legendre/Fenchel transform over max-plus spaces, the range space being referred to as the dual space. One can transform the semigroup operators into operators on the dual space. There are natural operations on the transformed operators which may be used to construct solutions of nonlinear control problems. In this paper, a method for exploiting operations in the Legendre/Fenchel transform space is used to develop a method for certain problems where the computational growth in the most time-consuming portion of the computations can be hugely reduced. One has computational growth which is linear in a certain measure of problem complexity for which linear/quadratic problems have the minimal complexity. Although the curse of dimensionality is unavoidable, the computational cost reductions are very high for some classes of problems.
Landscape diversity moderates the effects of bee visitation frequency to flowers on crop production

Summary Reductions in natural habitat are implicated in declining honeybee Apis mellifera L. and wild bee populations, thereby threatening crop production. This concern has stimulated interest in identifying landscape-level impacts on bee-mediated pollination services, but previous studies have only inferred connections between landscape, bees and yield through generalized linear regressions. We examined landscape impacts on bee-mediated crop yield using both a traditional linear regression approach and conditional process modelling, which combined landscape features, bee visits to crop flowers, and the interactions between landscape and bee visits to flowers into a single model predicting crop yield. We used the pumpkin Cucurbita pepo L. system in New York State and recorded bees visiting pumpkin flowers in 2011 and 2012. Landscape diversity and percentage of semi-natural grassland around each pumpkin field were calculated. Results from the traditional approach indicated that landscape diversity, percentage of grassland in the landscape, bumblebee Bombus impatiens Cresson and honeybee visitation frequency each positively predicted yield. A common conclusion from these results is that pumpkins grown in highly diverse or high grassland coverage landscapes would have greater yields via bumblebee and honeybee visits to flowers. However, this inference does not preclude the possibility that landscape features may be associated with crop yield, independent of bee visits to flowers. Results from conditional process modelling indicated that only pumpkins grown in highly diverse landscapes were predicted to have greater yields as a consequence of more bumblebee visits to pumpkin flowers. None of the landscape features predicted greater fruit yields as a consequence of more honeybee visits to pumpkin flowers. This novel analysis indicated that traditional approaches may be misinterpreting the relationships between these variables. Synthesis and applications. Bumblebees benefited from a diverse landscape, and their visits to flowers positively impacted pumpkin production. Conservation of a diverse landscape should be promoted to support improved pumpkin production. Growers can use this information to decide where to plant pumpkins to improve the potential for high yields, to identify scenarios where landscape diversity could be increased, and where supplementation with bees might be beneficial.
SUNNY-RISC: a VLSI RISC micro-architecture

A VLSI reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microarchitecture called SUNY-RISC is described. The SUNY-RISC processor is a 16-bit microarchitecture. Most of the instructions are register to register. This approach results in fast execution and simple control logic. SUNY-RISC has some similarities with RISC approaches; however, this machine introduces some new features: support for subroutine call and return and instructions broken into several small steps. The technology used is 1 micron CMOS p-well. SUNY-RISC implements 38 instructions. Some instructions require a double word, for instance load register direct and call. The subsystems described are the arithmetic logic unit and shifter, the internal clock, the constant generator, and special purpose registers. >
Some Properties of Glasses in the System Barium Oxide–Boric Oxide–Silica

Densities, refractive indices, liquidus temperatures, and primary phases of glass compositions in the glassforming region of the system BaO-B2O3-SiO2 were determined. Anomalous changes in properties were observed for a continuous change in composition. The possibility that there is a relation between the compounds indicated by the phase diagram and the actual units in the glass is suggested.
Observation unit management of heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) is a major challenge facing the US health system. Its prognosis is worse than many cancers. The costs exceed any other disease, and its incidence has exponentially increased for the last two decades. The usual pattern for HF patients is as follows: worsening symptoms, ED presentation, and then a 3- to 7-day hospitalization. This situation is repeated, with increasing frequency and disability, until they succumb to pump failure or sudden death, in the next 5 to 8 years. The observation unit (OU) provides a unique opportunity for HF patients. Observation unit care prevents hospitalization and future admissions, shortens inpatient length of stay if admitted, and is less expensive than inpatient care.
Effect of Dicumarol on Blood Vascular Integrity in the Rabbit

Results of experiments in rabbits in which the disappearance of Evans Blue labeled plasma proteins was used as a measure of vascular integrity, indicate that Dicumarol does increase the rate of loss of plasma proteins from the blood stream. This action does not occur immediately after the introduction of Dicumarol into the blood stream but requires a latent period of between 90 and 180 minutes. During this time there may actually be a decreased rate of loss from the blood. The degree of increase in the dye disappearance rate, although not directly correlated with the degree of hypoprothrombinemia, can be roughly correlated with the extent and severity of internal hemorrhage. These results tend to confirm the idea that vascular fragility, usually considered independent of vascular permeability, may in this instance be the preliminary manifestation of Dicumarol hemorrhagic diathesis. In experiments where the effect of Dicumarol on exchange of protein between plasma and the peritoneal cavity was measured, it has been found that the presence of vitamin K1 in the blood in sufficient amount to completely block the hypoprothrombinemic action will also block the tendency toward increased protein exchange. Also, if Dicumarol is introduced into the peritoneal cavity rather than directly into the blood stream, the increase in transperitoneal protein exchange rate appears to be fairly proportional to the degree of hypoprothrombinemia. It is concluded that although the possibility of several independent actions of Dicumarol exists, one effecting vascular permeability and another inhibiting the elaboration of coagulation factors, it is more likely that the changes seen in vascular integrity are related to the effects of the drug on the coagulation mechanism by way of vitamin K inhibition.
Simulation of Sub-Micron Thermal Transport in a MOSFET Using a Hybrid Fourier-BTE Model

Self-heating has emerged as a critical bottleneck to scaling in modern transistors. In simulating heat conduction in these devices, it is important to account for the granularity of phonon transport since electron-phonon scattering occurs preferentially to select phonon groups. However, a complete accounting for phonon dispersion, polarization and scattering is very expensive if the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is used. Moreover, difficulties with convergence are encountered when the phonon Knudsen number becomes small. In this paper we simulate a two-dimensional bulk MOSFET hotspot problem using a partially-implicit hybrid BTE-Fourier solver which is significantly less expensive than a full BTE solution, and which shows excellent convergence characteristics. Volumetric heat generation from electron-phonon collisions is taken from a Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport and serves as a heat source term in the governing transport equations. The hybrid solver is shown to perform well in this highly non-equilibrium situation, matching the solutions obtained from a pure all-BTE solution, but at significantly lower computational cost. The paper establishes that this new model and solution methodology are viable for the simulation of thermal transport in other emerging transistor designs and in other nanotechnology applications as well.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Alliance or acquisition? A dyadic perspective on interfirm resource combinations

For firms seeking to strategically combine their resources with those of other firms, two popular alternative governance structures emerge: alliance or acquisition. In this paper, we propose a dyadic perspective to examine how and why configurations of two firms' resources and capabilities affect the costs and benefits associated with each governance structure. More specifically, we posit that factors such as (1) the resource similarity and complementarity between a pair of firms, (2) the combined relational capabilities of a pair of firms, and (3) the partner-specific knowledge between a pair of firms will affect the likelihood of observing that pair of firms forming an alliance vs. engaging in an acquisition. We test and find support for our hypotheses using extensive longitudinal data from a sample of the largest firms in the United States from 1991 to 2000. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Two-Pronged Structural Analysis of Retroviral Maturation Indicates that Core Formation Proceeds by a Disassembly-Reassembly Pathway Rather than a Displacive Transition

Retrovirus maturation involves sequential cleavages of the Gag polyprotein, initially arrayed in a spherical shell, leading to formation of capsids with polyhedral or conical morphology. Evidence suggests that capsids assemble de novo inside maturing virions from dissociated capsid (CA) protein, but the possibility persists of a displacive pathway in which the CA shell remains assembled but is remodeled. Inhibition of the final cleavage between CA and spacer peptide SP1/SP blocks the production of mature capsids. We investigated whether retention of SP might render CA assembly incompetent by testing the ability of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) CA-SP to assemble in vitro into icosahedral capsids. Capsids were indeed assembled and were indistinguishable from those formed by CA alone, indicating that SP was disordered. We also used cryo-electron tomography to characterize HIV-1 particles produced in the presence of maturation inhibitor PF-46396 or with the cleavage-blocking CA5 mutation. Inhibitor-treated virions have a shell that resembles the CA layer of the immature Gag shell but is less complete. Some CA protein is generated but usually not enough for a mature core to assemble. We propose that inhibitors like PF-46396 bind to the Gag lattice where they deny the protease access to the CA-SP1 cleavage site and prevent the release of CA. CA5 particles, which exhibit no cleavage at the CA-SP1 site, have spheroidal shells with relatively thin walls. It appears that this lattice progresses displacively toward a mature-like state but produces neither conical cores nor infectious virions. These observations support the disassembly-reassembly pathway for core formation.
Cyclic Stabilization of Electrodeposited Nickel Structural Films

Tensile, room-temperature creep, and fatigue tests were conducted to determine the stability of the mechanical properties of electrodeposited films and to establish a unique strategy to reduce variation in micromachined devices made from them. Microcrystalline nickel films with columnar grains with a typical diameter of less than 1 μm and nanocrystalline films with 20-nm equiaxed grains were evaluated. While the tensile strengths of the films were higher than bulk forms of the material, the strength, strain to failure, and apparent elastic modulus were highly variable. Creep tests revealed that the films accumulated plastic strain rapidly at room temperature and that the apparent elastic modulus increased after exposure to stress. However, the response of the film was sensitive to the local deposition conditions. Fortunately, incremental-step fatigue tests demonstrated that the films cyclically hardened and that further changes in the elastic and plastic deformation responses do not occur after cyclic stabilization. As a result, cyclic stress strain curves and the transient stabilization behavior can be used to define a mechanical “burn-in” sequence for electrodeposited nickel films that will improve the stability and reproducibility of micromachined devices.
Modeling Contraction Flows and Swell of Polymer Melts Extruded From Dies of Various Lengths

This article describes isothermal contraction flows and extrudate swell, using our recent model for fast (high Deborah number) contraction flows of polymers melts. The model analyzes the polymer flow in several regions as one continuous process. This approach makes possible to evaluate the extrudate swell as a result of complex contraction polymer flow in dies of various length. Using the asymptotic matching conditions for the change in flow type at the die exit allowed us to calculate the swelling profile for extrudate in the flow direction. The present calculations performed using a multi-mode viscoelastic constitutive equation of differential type, are compared with the experimental/direct numerical data including basic rheological tests. The presented complex model for contraction flow and swelling consists of no fitting parameter and is applicable for calculations using any viscoelastic constitutive equation.
Lsh is required for meiotic chromosome synapsis and retrotransposon silencing in female germ cells.

Lymphoid specific helicase (Lsh) is a major epigenetic regulator that is essential for DNA methylation and transcriptional silencing of parasitic elements in the mammalian genome1,2. However, whether Lsh is involved in the regulation of chromatin-mediated processes during meiosis is not known. Here, we show that Lsh is essential for the completion of meiosis and transcriptional repression of repetitive elements in the female gonad. Oocytes from Lsh knockout mice exhibit demethylation of transposable elements and tandem repeats at pericentric heterochromatin, as well as incomplete chromosome synapsis associated with persistent RAD51 foci and γH2AX phosphorylation. Failure to load crossover-associated foci results in the generation of non-exchange chromosomes. The severe oocyte loss observed and lack of ovarian follicle formation, together with the patterns of Lsh nuclear compartmentalization in the germ line, demonstrate that Lsh has a critical and previously unidentified role in epigenetic gene silencing and maintenance of genomic stability during female meiosis.
APCAPT: Asymmetric power control against packet tracer attacks for base station location anonymity

Base Station location anonymity is a critical aspect while securing a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) against local adversarial attacks. WSNs have a wide range of applications where security is a primary concern. Among different security issues, the area of base station (BS) location privacy has been relatively less explored. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to protect the location privacy of the BS against external packet tracer attacks by employing asymmetric power control for the transmissions along the multi hop path between the source and the sink. The transmission range at each sensor node is varied with the objective of minimizing the amount of distance the packet tracer can travel towards the sink, thereby preventing the attacker from tracing packets directly to the BS. We formulate this as an optimization problem and derive the optimal transmission levels for the routing paths to the BS based on our utility that minimizes the mobility of the local adversary. We evaluate the level of security provided by our scheme and measure the overhead involved in terms of additional energy consumed in the network.
MAUDE: analysis of robotic-assisted gynecologic surgery

Abstract Study Objective To evaluate the adverse events encountered during robotic gynecologic surgery, as reported to the FDA MAUDE database from January 2006 to December 2012. Design Database search (Canadian Task Force classification III). Intervention A search of the FDA MAUDE database was performed by brand name “da Vinci” and manufacturer “Intuitive Surgical.” Reports reflecting gynecologic procedures either by description or procedure name were included. A record of reports was kept to ensure that no duplicates were added. The date and type of event (operator-related error, technical system failure, or surgical injuries attributed to use of the robot) and the clinical outcome were recorded. Measurements and Main Results Twenty-six percent of reported events (n = 73) resulted in injury, and 8.5% (n = 24) resulted in death. Of note, although adnexal procedures were performed in Conclusion It is important to continue to evaluate the occurrence of injuries during robot-assisted surgery in an effort to identify unique challenges associated with this advanced technology.
Self consistent field method for planar φ3 theory

Abstract We continue and extend earlier work on the summation of planar graphs in φ 3 field theory, based on a local action on the world sheet. The present work employs a somewhat different version of the self consistent field (meanfield) approximation compared to the previous work on the same subject. Using this new approach, we are able to determine in general the asymptotic forms of the solutions, and in the case of one solution, even its exact form. This solution leads to formation of an unstable string, in agreement with the previous work. We also investigate and clarify questions related to Lorentz invariance and the renormalization of the solution.
Wildlife strikes with U.S. military rotary- wing aircraft deployed in foreign countries

During recent decades, rotary-wing aircraft (helicopters) within the U.S. Department of Defense (e.g., U.S Army and U.S. Air Force) have been deployed overseas to conduct a variety of noncombat and combat missions. Our objective was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of wildlife (birds, bats, insects) strikes with U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force rotary- wing aircraft during overseas deployments. We acquired all available wildlife strike information involving U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force military rotary-wing aircraft engaged in flight operations associated with U.S. military bases around the world during 1990 to 2011. Wildlife strikes with military rotary-wing aircraft occurred in >31 foreign countries. Almost two-thirds of wildlife strikes to U.S. Army aircraft occurred during deployments in the Middle East (e.g., Iraq), whereas, strikes to U.S. Air Force aircraft occurred most frequently in Afghanistan and the Middle East. Month, time of day, and location (i.e., on airfield or off airfield) influenced the frequency of wildlife strikes. Wildlife strikes occurred most frequently when aircraft were traveling en route or were engaged in terrain flight. Larks, doves, pigeons, and various perching birds were the species most frequently struck by military aircraft. Wildlife strike records related to U.S. military overseas operations represent a unique source of ornithological information from areas of military conflict.
Cleft Lip Micronostril: The Problem and Proposed Solution:

Micronostril is a cicatricial stenosis that may occur in the caudal-most portion of the nasal cavity of cleft lip patients. This stenosis can be severe and functionally debilitating. Previously proposed solutions have offered disappointing results. Our solution has three key elements: adequate scar release; restoration of the lining and support by way of chondrocutaneous composite graft; and postoperative custom acrylic splinting.
Newsletter publishing

When the decision to publish a newsletter is made, several questions immediately pop to mind: Should we use a one-, two-, or three-column format? How should we use white space? What color stock and ink should we use? What type families should we use? What kind of illustrations should we include? What size format should we employ? What name should we give it? What should the masthead look like? How will it be distributed? These questions, although important in their own right, are the wrong ones to start with. Rather, one should ask: Who will underwrite the costs of production? What does the sponsor want to accomplish with this newsletter? Who will be the audience(s)? What are the information needs of the readers? Where do the readers' information needs and the interests of the sponsor overlap? Only with solid answers to these latter questions will the editor/publisher of the newsletter be able to determine the need to be visually engaging, the appropriate information density, the appropriate depth of information to be presented, the optimum lengths of articles, the requisite format and design, and the subject scope of the articles to be included.
Response to ‘Rethinking music’s status as adaptation versus technology: a niche construction perspective’

ABSTRACTDespite many good arguments in Killin’s article, his refusal to acknowledge and confront the actual authors of the theories he challenges, his overly selective approach to identifying appropriate ethnomusicological data, his criticism of the disciplinary trajectory of ethnomusicology and his support for the relatively new and unsubstantiated niche construction theory problematise the article for ethnomusicologists interested in evolutionary theories about music.
Un trait thérésien: French Carmelite Poetry in the Tradition of Teresa of Ávila

AbstractRecent scholarship has brought more fully to light the literary output of women religious in Spain, and studies of the poetry of sixteenth-century Spanish Carmelites living in convents founded by Teresa of Avila have revealed the existence of an important and well developed tradition of composing verses in the Teresian manner. This article shows that such a tradition had also taken root and flourished in Carmelite religious houses in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century France. Poems have survived in the archives of the French Carmelites which preserve Teresa's memory, celebrate her legacy, and which even imitate her mystical experience and her manner of communicating that experience through discourse. The article will argue that this recently discovered body of poetic work by French Carmelites offers us good reason to re-read Teresa's poems and to reconsider the poetic tradition to which they gave rise, and to grant Teresa's poetry a more important place than it has hitherto been accorded among he...
Vector Construction for Gene Overexpression as a Tool to Elucidate Gene Function

Gene overexpression as a means to determine plant gene function has been used almost since the first plant transformation protocols became viable. The goal of these experiments, as in classical genetic experiments, is to observe any phenotypic change associated with changing the expression of a gene of interest-in this case overexpression. Any phenotypic changes are interpreted, and the native gene's function is deduced based on the pathways or biochemistries that are altered in the transformants. Overexpression experiments may be particularly suitable in instances when genes are functionally redundant, when a plant species does not have good genetics, or when a knockout mutation is particularly deleterious. This chapter is intended as a general protocol for producing gene overexpression constructs, starting with genomic DNA, RNA, or an isolated clone, for use in plants that are transformable by Agrobacterium.
Spatial and temporal variation of nitrogen concentration and speciation in runoff and storm water in the Indian River watershed, South Florida

Nitrogen (N) is considered as a key element that triggers algal boom in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), South Florida. Intensive agriculture may have contributed to increased N input into the IRL. Runoff and storm water samples were collected in representative agricultural fields and along waterways that connect lands to the IRL from April 2013 to December 2014. Concentrations of different N species (particulate N, dissolved organic N, dissolved NH4 +-N, and NO3 −-N) and related water physical–chemical properties were measured. Total N (TN) concentrations generally decreased from agricultural field furrows to discharging point of the waterways but were generally above the US EPA critical level (0.59 mg L−1) for surface water. Organic N was the dominant form of dissolved N, followed by NO3 −-N, and dissolved NH4 +-N. Concentrations and speciation of N in water varied with sites and sampling times but were generally higher in summer and fall and lower in spring and winter, as affected by the seasonality of regional hydrology and agricultural practices. Correlations occurred between N concentration, water physical properties, and rainfall. This information has important implications in the development of best management practices to minimize the impacts of agricultural practice on N loading in the Indian River Lagoon.
III. Local Properties of Schemes

1. Quasi-coherent modules 2. Coherent modules 3. Tangent cones 4. Non-singularity and differentials 5. Etale morphisms 6. Uniformizing parameters 7. Non-singularity and the UFD property 8. Normal varieties and normalization 9. Zariski’s Main Theorem 10. Flat and smooth morphisms
Characterization of three-dimensional near-field microwave imaging algorithms for stationary and moving objects

The effect of antenna array size, transmit power, component noise and other parameters on the performance of near-field microwave imaging algorithms is characterized. A large antenna array testbed was built to capture three-dimensional images of objects in the 17–20GHz band, and the quality of these images evaluated. The standard range-migration algorithm, the modified single-transmitter range-migration algorithm and a novel Doppler imaging algorithm were all compared. While the first two algorithms are typically used to image stationary objects, the proposed Doppler imaging algorithm can also image moving objects. The characterization results showed that these algorithms are able to produce good quality images at extremely low transmit power levels and with noisy transceivers.
Case I: Hand Weakness 1

A 69-year-old male presents with bilateral upper extremity weakness and atrophy for 3 years. This started with left hand weakness, stiffness, and the need to focus considerably to perform simple tasks. There is no numbness, tingling, pain, or history of trauma. The weakness then progressed to involve the entire left arm, with significant atrophy and loss of function. Six months ago, he started developing similar but milder symptoms in the right hand. He also noticed twitching in both upper extremities, left more than the right. Lower extremities, bowel, and bladder functions are normal. He used to smoke cigarettes but quit 25 years ago and takes five alcoholic drinks per week.
Cyberinfrastructure for the collaborative development of U2U decision support tools

Abstract This paper describes the use of cyberinfrastructure to create interactive applications as part of the Useful to Usable (U2U) project. These applications transform historical climate data, knowledge, and models into decision support tools for end users such as crop farmers, university Extension educators, and other agricultural advisors. In creating a cyberinfrastructure to support the U2U project, four major challenges have been addressed: designing and developing highly usable web applications with frequent feedback, establishing a software engineering environment to support iterative development, integrating and synthesizing historical and current datasets from a variety of sources (local vs. remote, different access methods, and formats), and supporting project collaboration needs of data and document sharing, project management, and public outreach. The overall goals of the cyberinfrastructure and its architecture design are described. Methods for data retrieval and synthesis, as well as the various software components utilized are discussed. The development and integration of tools into the collaborative HUBzero framework are highlighted, including the use of HUBzero’s core features to share ideas, algorithms, and results. A highly iterative development process that includes feedback from experts and end-users to feed requirement definition, design and application updates are also examined.
Physician Characteristics Associated With Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Counseling Practices.

Purpose:Frequent sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with chronic disease. Although physician counseling can positively affect patient behavior, physicians’ personal characteristics may influence counseling practices. We explored SSB-related topics physicians discuss when counseling overweight/obese patients and examined associations between physicians’ SSB-related counseling practices and their personal and medical practice characteristics.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:DocStyles survey, 2014.Participants:A total of 1510 practicing US physicians.Measures:Physician’s SSB counseling on calories, added sugars, obesity/weight gain, health effects, consumption frequency, water substitution, and referral.Analysis:Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated with multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for physician’s personal and medical practice characteristics.Results:Most physicians (98.5%) reported SSB-related counseling. The most reported topic was obesity/weight gain (81.4...
Advance Reservation Games

Advance reservation (AR) services form a pillar of several branches of the economy, including transportation, lodging, dining, and, more recently, cloud computing. In this work, we use game theory to analyze a slotted AR system in which customers differ in their lead times. For each given time slot, the number of customers requesting service is a random variable following a general probability distribution. Based on statistical information, the customers decide whether or not to make an advance reservation of server resources in future slots for a fee. We prove that only two types of equilibria are possible: either none of the customers makes AR or only customers with lead time greater than some threshold make AR. Our analysis further shows that the fee that maximizes the provider’s profit may lead to other equilibria, one of which yields zero profit. In order to prevent ending up with no profit, the provider can elect to advertise a lower fee yielding a guaranteed but smaller profit. We refer to the ratio of the maximum possible profit to the maximum guaranteed profit as the price of conservatism. When the number of customers is a Poisson random variable, we prove that the price of conservatism is one in the single-server case, but can be arbitrarily high in a many-server system.
Experimentally Induced Emphysema and Long-Term Nitrogen Dioxide Inhalation

For more years than I care to say, my colleagues and I have attempted to produce emphysema experimentally in laboratory animals (1–3). By emphysema I mean the disease affecting the lung parenchyma in which the air spaces are enlarged as a result of loss of tissue substance or destruction of parenchyma, but where the enlargement occurs without associated fibrosis or scarring. This enlargement of airspaces may occur with or without compromise of function.
The effect of Aliskiren on exercise capacity in older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

In older patients (70 ± 7 years) with chronic well-compensated heart failure with preserved ejection and controlled blood pressure, 6 months treatment with aliskiren (direct renin inhibitor) showed non-significant trends for modest improvements in peak exercise oxygen consumption (14.9 ± 0.2 mL kg-1 min-1 versus 14.4 ± 0.2 mL kg-1 min-1; P = .10, trend) and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (888 ± 19 mL/min versus 841 ± 18 mL/min; P = .08).
Therapeutic Neuromodulation for Treatment of Schizophrenia

While antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia, many patients do not achieve an adequate response. Indeed, a significant percentage are refractory to medication, including the most effective agent available, clozapine. As a result, there is a need for alternative treatments which are both effective and safe. Therapeutic neuromodulation includes such approaches as electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and deep brain stimulation and represents a growing field of study for refractory symptoms. This chapter discusses the potential role of such device-based therapies in schizophrenia.
Cardiac metabolism of enals.

Recent evidence suggests that in addition to their well studied toxic effects, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also essential mediators of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis (Sen and Packer, 1996; Lander, 1997). Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which ROS alter cell function remain obscure. Since free radicals derived from oxygen are generally short-lived and react predominantly at their site of generation, it is likely that their metabolic as well as the toxic effects are mediated, in part, by their metastable products, particularly those derived from the peroxidation of membrane lipids. Peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids generates a variety of metastable compounds of which aldehydes are the most abundant end-products (Esterbauer et al., 1991; Witz, 1983). In comparison only minor amounts of ketones, epoxides, hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids are formed (Grosch, 1987). Therefore, in cellular systems, aldehyde burden may be an important consequence of lipid peroxidation.
REM-Behavior Disorder

REM-behavior disorder (RBD) consists of dream-enactment behaviors that can potentially lead to injuries for the patient or bed partner. As pathophysiology primarily involves brainstem structures, RBD is closely associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Clinical history along with polysomnography study is essential for diagnosis. Non-pharmacologic treatment includes safety precautions, avoidance of substances that enhance RBD, and adequate sleep time. Pharmacologically, clonazepam is considered as the treatment-of-choice, although melatonin also can also be used effectively.