cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Impulsivity and Stress Mind-Set in Understanding the Mindfulness–Intimate Partner Aggression Relationship:

Perpetration of relational aggression, which is estimated to occur in 60% to 90% of relationships, has been demonstrated to have lasting negative effects both systemically and for its victims. Relational aggression has also been demonstrated to be impacted, in part by impulsivity, stress mind-set, and mindfulness. The present study examined a path analysis model of the relation between mindfulness and relational aggression, utilizing impulsivity as the mediating variable. Furthermore, the present study incorporated an examination of the potential moderating effects of stress mind-set on the relation between impulsivity and relational aggression. Three hundred eighty-three participants were recruited from across the United States, using Facebook ads. Participants completed online questionnaires assessing key study variables. We hypothesized that the negative urgency aspect of impulsivity would mediate the relation between the five facets of mindfulness and relational aggression, and further that this relationship would be moderated by stress mind-set, such that a stress mind-set which conceptualizes stress as negative would make the relation between impulsivity and relational aggression stronger. We hypothesized that the negative urgency aspect of impulsivity would mediate the relation between mindfulness and relational aggression. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the relation between impulsivity and aggression would be moderated by stress mind-set. Results indicated that the negative urgency component of impulsivity mediated the relation between all five facets of mindfulness and perpetration of relational aggression. Furthermore, stress mind-set moderated the relation between negative urgency and relational aggression, such that a lower stress mind-set was related to a stronger association between negative urgency and aggression. Implications for clinical intervention and future research efforts are discussed.
Redox-Neutral Nickel(II) Catalysis: Hydroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Arylboronic Acids

Reported here is the discovery of a redox-neutral NiII /NiII catalytic cycle which is capable of the linear-selective hydroarylation of unactivated alkenes with arylboronic acids for the first time. This novel catalytic cycle, enabled by the use of an electron-rich diimine ligand, features broad substrate scope, and excellent functional-group and heterocycle compatibility under mild reaction conditions in the absence of additional oxidants and reductants. Mechanistic investigations using kinetic analysis and deuterium-labelling experiments revealed the protonation to be the rate-determining step in this redox-neutral catalysis, and the reversible chain-walking nature of the newly developed diimine-Ni catalyst.
Investigating steel tool life in the RFSSW process

Abstract Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding (RFSSW) has demonstrated capability in joining thin sheets of aluminum with dissimilar thickness, alloy, and composition. The process remains to be implemented on a wide scale in the automotive and aerospace industries, partially due to the relatively short number of welds producible by a toolset, prior to needing cleaning. In the following work, an investigation was conducted to better understand this limitation. First, the effective tool life of a steel toolset was quantified. Experiments showed that less than 60 consecutive welds could be made before the toolset seized and required cleaning. To better understand the conditions contributing so such a short tool life, thermocouples were used in subsequent experiments, to measure the temperatures achieved at various locations in the weld. Peak weld temperature increased with longer cycle times and decreased with shorter cycle times. During the experiments, it was noted that weld temperatures in excess of 500 °C were observed at weld center. At these high temperatures, the authors anticipate that intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are able to grow on tool surfaces. A rough, existing model of IMC growth in an Fe-Al system predicted IMC growth on the same order of magnitude of the tool clearances, supporting the anticipation that IMC growth is a factor in the observed, short tool life between cleanings. Following this analysis, future evaluation of less re-active tool materials is recommended.
Oscillatory activity in alpha/beta frequencies coordinates auditory and prefrontal cortices during extinction learning

Cortical synchrony is theorized to contribute to communication between connected networks during executive functioning. To understand the functional role of neural synchrony in cognitive flexibility, we recorded from auditory cortex (AC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), while mice performed an auditory extinction learning task. We found that while animals gradually showed reduced responding to the unrewarded tone over hundreds of trials, the power of local field potential (LFP) oscillations (8-18 Hz, centered at alpha/beta frequencies) in AC and mPFC exhibited immediate and robust increases, prior to behavioral changes. The strength of LFP alpha/beta power in the mPFC, but not AC, was strongly correlated with the behavioral performance that mice would achieve later in the training session. Further, we found that coherence between AC and mPFC at 8-18Hz was selectively enhanced only after mice learned to suppress licking, and this LFP coherence increase coincided with a reduction in spiking rate for the unrewarded tone in AC. These results reveal that enhanced interactions between PFC and AC is an inherent property of auditory discrimination learning, and that coordinated alpha/beta oscillations contribute to cognitive flexibility.
An Interprofessional Education Approach to Code Blue Instruction Using Simulation in a Community College

Background: Respiratory therapists (RTs), nurses (RNs), nurse aide (NAs), and emergency medical services (EMS), are required to work together to provide care. Shared learning through interprofessional education (IPE) enhances education, and patient outcomes. The objectives are to understand student and faculty readiness for IPE and to ascertain if it is an effective teaching strategy in conjunction with the use of high-fidelity simulation for Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) instruction. A secondary goal is to explore student and faculty perceptions and attitudes toward IPE. Methods: 60 students and 10 faculty from 4 health science programs attended a code blue simulation in the Sim Lab at Southwestern Community College (SCC). The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) was completed by all participants pre/post to measure readiness for and attitudes toward IPE. Data were collected using a pre-post quiz pertaining to ACLS as well as a video to assess knowledge and perceptions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Approval to undergo this study was given from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at SCC and from the IRB at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Results: The average score on the pre quiz (67%) increased to 89%, indicating improved learning. NA and first year RT students combined saw the most improvement (54% pre, 85% post). Results demonstrated a higher degree of readiness at SCC for IPE than average. The overall mean scores of students’ readiness (79) and faculty (90) was higher than the average score on the RIPLS survey (48). Results suggest that participation in the study enhances attitudes toward IPE, collaboration, understanding of others’ roles, and confidence. Conclusions: The study exposed an exceptional degree of readiness and a positive attitude among participants toward IPE and the value of collaboration. The research suggests that incorporating IPE in community college health science programs using ACLS simulation yields several benefits. These include improved student learning outcomes, confidence, and knowledge as it relates to the curriculum. Faculty and student attitudes and readiness for IPE is positive. Learning using IPE increases understanding of the roles of other healthcare professions, improves confidence, enhances clinical preparation, improves communication, and promotes teamwork.
Patients with early-stage (T1-2N0) adenosquamous lung cancer have worse long-term survival compared to patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma or squamous cell histology.

8550Background: Survival outcomes for patients with adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung are not well understood by virtue of reduced prevalence. The objective of this study is to compare the long-t...
Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry of Multicomponent Nonionic Surfactant Blends.

Ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and ion mobility (IM) spectrometry were interfaced with mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to characterize a complex nonionic surfactant mixture. The surfactant was composed of a glycerol core, functionalized with poly(ethylene oxide) units (PEOn) that were partially esterified by caprylic and/or capric acid. Reversed-phase UPLC classified the blend based on polarity into four groups of eluates, corresponding to compounds with zero, one, two, or three fatty acid residues. Additional separation within each eluate group was achieved according to the length of the fatty acid chains. Coeluting molecules of similar polarity were dispersed in the gas phase by their collision cross section in the IM dimension. Performed in series, UPLC and IM allowed for the separation and detection of several isomeric and isobaric blend constituents, thereby enabling their isolation for conclusive MS/MS analysis to confirm or elucidate their primary structures and architectures (overall four-dimensional, 4D, characterization).
The Cloning Road to the TSH Receptor and Autoimmune Graves’ Disease

Graves’ disease, the major form of autoimmune thyroid disease, is believed to be caused by autoantibodies to the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor. How these antibodies develop is still unknown; it is also not clear whether this is a thyroid disease or one of abnormal lymphocyte control. It can be presumed that the TSH receptor is structurally related to the receptors for other glycoprotein hormones; yet its relatively unique role as an autoantigen is unexplained. Further, it is increasingly evident that the sera of patients with Graves’ disease have a multiplicity of antibodies to thyroid antigens in addition to the TSH receptor and that these may be relevant to understanding the expression of the disease or its pathogenesis.
Chapter 20 The industrial organization of health care markets

Abstract Health care markets fail to satisfy many requirements for perfect competition, including large numbers of consumers and firms, zero search costs, and marketability of all goods and services. Over time, health care markets have evolved to overcome the resulting inefficiencies. We combine the theory of agency with a model of monopolistic competition to explore three regimes of health care organization that were dominant at different points in time: (1) independent physicians and cost-based reimbursement for hospitals; (2) regulation; and (3) managed care. Each regime represents, for its time, a sensible response to market failure. Each regime has predictable consequences for prices, costs, and quality. We examine the theoretical arguments and review the empirical evidence about each regime. A consistent message emerges: Providers respond to economic incentives in a manner consistent with theory.
Concurrent 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Fiber-Optic Oxygen Consumption Measurements in Perfused Rat Hearts

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the application of concurrent 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fiber-optic oxygen consumption studies in perfused rat hearts. The primary advantages of using in situ fiber-optic probes in biomedical NMR applications are that they are miniature and flexible, they alleviate the need to remove circulating medium from perfused organs, they are immune to electrical interferences, and they do not affect the static magnetic and pulsed electromagnetic fields of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. In this study, the fabrication of a small imaging-fiber oxygen sensor (IFOS) is described. It employs a luminescent ruthenium complex entrapped inside a polysiloxane membrane immobilized on the distal face of a coherent fiber-optic bundleThe advantages/disadvantages of electrochemical and optical transducers in clinical oxygen partial pressure (PO 2 ) determinations, imaging fiber oxygen sensor calibration, and Langendorff heart perfusion and oxygen consumption measurements are alsodescribed.
CARDS: A Distributed System for Detecting Coordinated Attacks

A major research problem in intrusion detection is the efficient Detection of coordinated attacks over large networks. Issues to be resolved include determining what data should be collected, which portion of the data should be analyzed, where the analysis of the data should take place, and how to correlate multi-source information. This paper proposes the architecture of a Coordinated Attack Response and Detection System (CARDS). CARDS uses a signature-based model for resolving these issues. It consists of signature managers, monitors, and directory services. The system collects data in a flexible, distributed manner, and the detection process is decentralized among various monitors and is event-driven. The paper also discusses related implementation issues.
Quasi-statically growing crack-tip fields in elastic perfectly plastic pressure-sensitive materials under plane strain conditions

Quasi-statically growing crack-tip fields in elastic perfectly plastic pressure-sensitive materials under plane strain conditions are investigated in this paper. The materials are assumed to follow the Drucker-Prager yield criterion and the normality flow rule. The asymptotic mode I crack-tip fields are assumed to follow the five-sector assembly of Drugan et al. (1982) for Mises materials. The crack-tip sectors, in turns, from the front of the crack tip are a constant stress sector, a centered fan sector, a non-singular plastic sector, an elastic sector and finally a trailing non-singular plastic sector bordering the crack face. The results of the asymptotic analysis show that as the pressure sensitivity increases, the plastic deformation shifts to the front of the tip, the angular span of the elastic unloading sector increases, and the angular span of the trailing non-singular plastic sector bordering the crack surface decreases. As the pressure sensitivity increases to about 0.6, the angular span of the trailing non-singular plastic sector almost vanishes. The effects of the border conditions between the centered fan sector and the first non-singular plastic sector on the solutions of the crack-tip fields for both Mises and pressure-sensitive materials are investigated in details.
Cooking Up Tolerance: Has a New Recipe Been Created?

In a recent issue of Science Translational Medicine, Leventhal et al. (1) describe a cohort of patients that underwent combined hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and renal transplant. Of eight patients enrolled, five have developed full replacement with donor hematopoiesis, and each accepted their concomitantly placed renal allografts without the need for long-term immunosuppression.
The Economist as Public Intellectual: A Case for Selling Pareto Improvements

Economists can to some extent enlighten policymakers and the public and influence public policy. That enlightenment is achieved more by concrete policy work and application of basics than by fancy models and fancy statistical significance. There is a trade-off between relevance/importance and rigor/precision. Because many economists concentrate on rigor and precision, their influence in public affairs is not as good as it could be. The professional emphasis on scholastic crafts forsakes the Smithian character of political economy. A more Smithian character for the economics profession would lead to better government policy. The primary article by Daniel B. Klein is followed by comments by Gordon Tullock, Deirdre McCloskey, Israel M. Kirzner, C.A.E. Goodhart, Robert H. Frank and James K. Galbraith and a rejoinder by Daniel B. Klein.
Tracers of ocean mixing

Tracers can be used to make quantitative inferences about the physical processes of mixing and advection in the ocean. After describing the nature of mixing in the ocean, the theoretical framework of tracer distribution analysis is discussed, starting with the derivation of advection–diffusion equations and tracer age dating. Next follows a description of three commonly used approaches, namely, optimum multiparameter analysis, transit time distributions, and tracer contour inverse analysis. Finally, the author discusses example applications for both steady-state (natural) tracers and transient (anthropogenic) tracers, followed by an application of tracer age dating and tracer release experiments.
Memory mechanisms in text comprehension

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a series of studies concerned with the role of memory mechanisms. The restrictions considered in the chapter are (1) focus on the ongoing process of comprehension, (2) use of normal text, (3) focus on normal reading, (4) maintenance of relation to simple memory tasks and the theories that go with them, and (5) postulation of entities. There are several advantages in starting with the restrictions. The most significant advantage is that it leads, more easily, to the prediction of new results or incorporation of known results and to the development of application of both sets of results. The restrictions also lead to predictions concerning cases that are less obvious. They also lead to the incorporation of cases that are considered different from ordinary reading, such as the paradigm for abstraction of complex ideas.
Silencing of the Il2 gene transcription is regulated by epigenetic changes in anergic T cells

Anergy is induced in T cells as a consequence of a partial or suboptimal stimulation. Anergic T cells become unresponsive and fail to proliferate and produce cytokines. We had previously shown that in anergic CD4+ T cells, Ikaros participates in the transcriptional repression of the Il2 gene by recruiting histone deacetylases that cause core histone deacetylation at the Il2 promoter. Here we show that deacetylation at the Il2 promoter is the initial step in a process that leads to the stable silencing of the Il2 gene transcription in anergic T cells. We have found that anergy-induced deacetylation of the Il2 promoter permits binding of the histone methyl-transferase Suv39H1, which trimethylates lysine-9 of histone H3 (Me3H3-K9). Furthermore, the establishment of the Me3H3-K9 mark allows the recruitment of the heterochromatin protein HP1, allowing the silenced Il2 loci to reposition close to heterochromatin-rich regions. Our results indicate that silencing of Il2 transcription in anergic T cells is attained through a series of epigenetic changes that involve the establishment of repressive marks and the subsequent nuclear repositioning of the Il2 loci, which become juxtaposed to transcriptionally silent regions. This mechanism may account for the stable nature of the inhibition of IL-2 production in anergic cells.
Lymphoedema of lower extremities following depridement of extensive full skin thickness burns

Burns involving skin and subcutaneous tissue are rarely associated with lymphoedema of the extremity due to the intact deep lymphatic system. We report an example of lymphoedema of the lower extremity in a burn patient 6 months after skin grafting.
Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Characterization and Reaction Testing of Cobalt Carbide

Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide was investigated for cobalt carbide synthesized from Co3O4 by CO carburization in a fixed-bed reactor. The cobalt carbide synthesized was characterized by BET surface area, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The catalysts were tested in the slurry phase using a continuously stirred tank reactor at P = 2.0 MPa, H2/CO = 2:1 in the temperature range of 493–523 K, and with space velocities varying from 1 to 3 Nl h–1 gcat–1. The results strongly suggest that a fraction of cobalt converts to a form with greater metallic character under the conditions employed. This was more pronounced on a Fischer–Tropsch synthesis run conducted at a higher temperature (523 versus 493 K).
Assessment of outcomes of health intervention.

Abstract This paper proposes that the most comprehensive current approach to the assessment of health interventions is exemplified in the expanding field of research into health-related quality of life. The paper initiates discussion of 11 conceptual and methodological issues which should be dealt with explicity rather than by default in any such research study. Decisions about these 11 issues will shape the future directions of the field of health outcomes research. Health policy decisions will increasingly be based on outcome studies of health-related quality of life.
Genomic and Metabolomic Insights into the Natural Product Biosynthetic Diversity of a Feral-Hog-Associated Brevibacillus laterosporus Strain

Bacteria associated with mammals are a rich source of microbial biodiversity; however, little is known concerning the abilities of these microbes to generate secondary metabolites. This report focuses on a bacterium isolated from the ear of a feral hog from southwestern Oklahoma, USA. The bacterium was identified as a new strain (PE36) of Brevibacillus latersporus, which was shown via genomic analysis to contain a large number of gene clusters presumably involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. A scale-up culture of B. latersporus PE36 yielded three bioactive compounds that inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (basiliskamides A and B and 12-methyltetradecanoic acid). Further studies of the isolate's secondary metabolome provided both new (auripyrazine) and previously-described pyrazine-containing compounds. In addition, a new peptidic natural product (auriporcine) was purified that was determined to be composed of a polyketide unit, two L-proline residues, two D-leucine residues, one L-leucine residue, and a reduced L-phenylalanine (L-phenylalanol). An examination of the genome revealed two gene clusters that are likely responsible for generating the basiliskamides and auriporcine. These combined genomic and chemical studies confirm that new and unusual secondary metabolites can be obtained from the bacterial associates of wild mammals.
A follow-up study of the Commission on Chronic Illness morbidity survey in Baltimore II. Race and sex differences in mortality

Abstract This is a report on a mortality follow-up study of the household survey population interviewed by the Commission on Chronic Illness in Baltimore City in 1953–1954; included were 11,324 persons. The focus of this paper has been on race and sex differences in mortality. Non-whites had higher mortality than whites and this difference was greater among females than males. Race differences, however, were not statistically significant. Sex differences were small and not statistically significant among non-whites, but they were considerably greater among whites and statistically significant from the third to the sixth year following the household survey. These sex differences among whites, however, were found only in the upper socio-economic group. The race and sex differences in mortality found are generally of less magnitude than those calculated from the official data for the Baltimore City population. This may partially be due to the difference in the methods of measurement. Part may also be due to the fact that the Commission's sample differs in some respects from the total Baltimore City population. There are also errors in the basic data used in mortality analyses which confound an analysis of both race and sex differences in mortality, but are of more importance in race differences.
Information flow through a chaotic channel: prediction and postdiction at finite resolution.

We reconsider the persistence of information under the dynamics of the logistic map in order to discuss communication through a nonlinear channel where the sender can set the initial state of the system with finite resolution, and the recipient measures it with the same accuracy. We separate out the contributions of global phase-space shrinkage and local-phase space contraction and expansion to the uncertainty in predicting and postdicting the state of the system. We determine how the amplification parameter, the time lag, and the resolution influence the possibility for communication. A novel ``clockwork'' representation for real numbers is introduced that allows for a visualization of the flow of information between scales.
Expression and identification of the strA-strB gene pair from streptomycin-resistant Erwinia amylovora

Deletions in either of the genes in the strA-strB gene pair of Erwinia amylovora plasmid pEa34 resulted in a dramatic decrease in streptomycin resistance (SmR), but SmR was restored to high levels by complementation. When strA and strB were cloned separately on a lacIq/Ptac-based expression vector in Escherichia coli, only the protein encoded by strA was produced. When a strong Shine-Dalgarno sequence was introduced and the start codon was located outside the double-stranded region of the stable stem-loop, the protein encoded by strB was produced. Biochemical analysis of the respective phosphorylated products demonstrated that strA and strB encoded aminoglycoside-3"-phosphotransferase (APH(3")-Ib) and aminoglycoside-6-phosphotransferase (APH(6)-Id), respectively. These data suggest that the high-level SmR in bacteria containing strA and strB is due to the combined action of the two enzymes.
Regulation of protein phosphatase-1

Reversible protein phosphorylation is a major regulatory mechanism of intracellular signal transduction. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is one of four major types of serine-threonine phosphatases mediating signaling pathways, but the means by which its activity is modulated has only recently begun to come into focus.
Monoclonal antibodies show that kinase C phosphorylation of GAP-43 during axonogenesis is both spatially and temporally restricted in vivo.

To study the role of kinase C phosphorylation in the distribution and function of GAP-43 we have generated a panel of mAbs that distinguish between GAP-43 that has been phosphorylated by kinase C and forms that have not. One class of antibodies, typified by 2G12/C7, reacts with only the phosphorylated form of GAP-43; it recognizes the peptide IQAS(PO4)FR equivalent to residues 38-43 that includes the single kinase C phosphorylation site at serine. Another, exemplified by 10E8/E7, reacts with both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms. We have used the antibodies to study the distribution of kinase C-phosphorylated GAP-43 during axonogenesis and in the adult nervous system. Two major findings emerge. First, there is a lag between the initiation of axon outgrowth and the phosphorylation of GAP-43 by kinase C. The extent of this lag period varies between the different structures studied. In some cases, e.g., the trigeminal nerve, our result suggest that kinase C phosphorylation may be correlated with proximity of the growing axon to its target. Second, kinase C-phosphorylated GAP-43 is always spatially restricted to the distal axon. It is never seen either proximally or in cell bodies, even those with high levels of GAP-43 protein. This result also implies that GAP-43 is axonally transported in the non-kinase C phosphorylated form. Thus, kinase C phosphorylation of GAP-43 is not required for axon outgrowth or growth cone function per se and may be more related to interactions of the growth cone with its environment.
Homoleptic platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes of 1,5,9-trithiacyclododecane: the crystal structures of [Pt(12S3)2](PF6)2 · 2CH3NO2 and [Pd(12S3)2](BF4)2 · 0.5H2O

The synthesis, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and crystal structures of two new mononuclear homoleptic Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with the crown trithioether 1,5,9-trithiacyclododecane (12S3) are reported. In contrast to behavior with analogous smaller ring trithiacrowns, both metal complexes exhibit exodentate axial sulfur donors, a consequence of the preferred conformation of the 12S3 ligand. The lack of two axial metal-sulfur interactions correlates with the observed electronic spectroscopy and oxidative electrochemistry displayed by the complexes and contrasts with properties exhibited by complexes containing smaller polythioether macrocycles. The two complexes have electronic spectra dominated by charge transfer, not d-d bands and show no M 2 + /M 3 + couples. Both complexes show a fluxional 12S3 ligand in solution due to a 1,5-metallotropic shift, an uncommon observation of this particular type of intramolecular ligand exchange. The 1 9 5 Pt NMR chemical shift of -4201 ppm for [Pt(12S3) 2 ] 2 + is consistent with an alternating positioning of the four sulfur lone pairs on the coordinated thioethers. Although 12S3 is poorly pre-organized for facial complexation, its flexibility to position a sulfur in an exodentate fashion enables it to form stable complexes with d 8 metal ions such as Pt(II) and Pd(II).
Refraction and Dispersion of Synthetic Sapphire

The refractive indices of synthetic sapphire (Al2O3) were measured at selected wavelengths and the values of index range from 1.834 at 0.265 μ in the ultraviolet to 1.586 at 5.58 μ in the infrared. A three-term Sellmeier dispersion equation of the form n2-1=∑iAiλ2λ2-λt2was fitted to the experimental data. Dispersive quantities were computed which estimate the optical performance to be expected from sapphire.
The Demonstration of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Operations with High Level Waste

This report contains the results of testing performed at the request of High Level Waste Engineering. These tests involved the operation of two continuous stirred tank reactors with high level waste.
Further tests of an exemplar-similarity approach to relating identification and categorization

Further tests were provided of an exemplar-similarity model for relating the identification and categorization of separable-dimension stimuli (Nosofsky, 1986). On the basis of confusion errors in an identification paradigm, a multidimensional scaling (MDS) solution was derived for a set of 16 separable-dimension stimuli. This MDS solution was then used in conjunction with the exemplar-similarity model to accurately predict performance in four separate categorization paradigms with the same stimuli. A key to achieving the accurate quantitative fits was the assumption that a selective attention process systematically modifies similarities among exemplars across different category structures. The tests reported go well beyond earlier ones (Nosofsky, 1986) in demonstrating the generalizability and utility of the theoretical approach. Implications of the results for alternative quantitative models of classification performance, including Ashby and Perrin’s (1988) general recognition theory, were also considered.
Exiting the endoplasmic reticulum.

The movement of nascent proteins from sites of synthesis to final cellular or extracellular destinations involves their transport through a distinct series of vesicular compartments. Vesicle biogenesis is regulated by specific proteins and co-factors that control distinct steps including budding, transport, docking, and fusion with target membranes. Budding requires assembly of a coat protein complex on the membrane, membrane deformation and the subsequent cleavage of the nascent vesicle from donor membrane. Coat proteins may also mediate vesicle interactions with the cytoskeleton or insulate the vesicles from fusion with unwanted compartments. Three classes of cytoplasmic coats have been identified. (1) Clathrin, interacting with different adaptor proteins, participates in endocytosis, lysosome biogenesis and as yet unidentified vesicular transport processes that arise in the trans-Golgi region of cells [reviewed in (Kreis, T.E., Lowe, M., Pepperkok, R., 1995. COPs regulating membrane traffic. Ann. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol. 11, 677--706.)]. (2) The COPI coatomer is involved in retrograde traffic within the Golgi and from the cis-Golgi region to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It may also participate in anterograde transport from the ER [reviewed in (Aridor, M., Balch, W.E., 1999. Integration of endoplasmic reticulum signaling in health and disease. Nature 5, 745--751.)]. (3) COPII coats mediate anterograde transport of cargo out of the ER [Barlowe, C., Orci, L., Yeung, T., Hosobuchi, M., Hamamoto, S., Salama, N., Rexach, M.F., Ravazazola, M., Amherdt, M., Schekman, R., 1994. COPII: a membrane coat formed by sec proteins that drive vesicle budding from the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell 77, 895--907; Scales, S.J., Gomez, M., Kreis, T.E., 2000. Coat proteins regulating membrane traffic. Int. Rev. Cytol. 195, 67--144.]. The COPII coat is required for budding from the ER and ER to Golgi trafficking. Further, COPII proteins also participate in cargo selection and concentrate some nascent proteins in the budding vesicle. Recent studies have shown that human disease may result from mutations that affect proteins in COPII vesicles.
The maximum entropy method of moments and Bayesian probability theory

The problem of density estimation occurs in many disciplines. For example, in MRI it is often necessary to classify the types of tissues in an image. To perform this classification one must first identify the characteristics of the tissues to be classified. These characteristics might be the intensity of a T1 weighted image and in MRI many other types of characteristic weightings (classifiers) may be generated. In a given tissue type there is no single intensity that characterizes the tissue, rather there is a distribution of intensities. Often this distributions can be characterized by a Gaussian, but just as often it is much more complicated. Either way, estimating the distribution of intensities is an inference problem. In the case of a Gaussian distribution, one must estimate the mean and standard deviation. However, in the Non-Gaussian case the shape of the density function itself must be inferred. Three common techniques for estimating density functions are binned histograms [1, 2], kernel density estimation [3, 4], and the maximum entropy method of moments [5, 6]. In the introduction, the maximum entropy method of moments will be reviewed. Some of its problems and conditions under which it fails will be discussed. Then in later sections, the functional form of the maximum entropy method of moments probability distribution will be incorporated into Bayesian probability theory. It will be shown that Bayesian probability theory solves all of the problems with the maximum entropy method of moments. One gets posterior probabilities for the Lagrange multipliers, and, finally, one can put error bars on the resulting estimated density function.
Electrostatic scattering of neutrons

A weak force of attraction between electrons and thermal neutrons is indicated in recent experiments by Havens, Rabi, and Rainwater, and by Fermi and Marshall. According to meson theory this would be expected, since the neutron is considered as one charge state of a nucleon (the proton is the other state) which is coupled to a meson field. The attraction is then interpreted as an electrostatic scattering of the neutron which exists part of the time as a proton and meson. We perform a third order perturbation calculation in the approximation of weak coupling between mesons and nucleons. Neutrons and protons are here treated as Dirac particles which are coupled to a meson field of spin zero. The results indicate that the observed interaction is suitably described in terms of the meson field.
Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in the non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas.

The factors important in predicting survival in the non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas have not previously been clearly identified. This study evaluates the prognostic usefulness, in predicting survival, of a modified Rappaport pathologic classification, the Ann Arbor clinical staging classification, initial bone marrow involvement, symptoms, extranodal involvement, age, and sex in 128 consecutive adult patients with malignant lymphoma. Conventional life table analysis indicates that symptoms, pathology, and clinical stage are the most important factors in predicting survival. However, multiple regression analysis identifies pathology, symptoms, and bone marrow involvement as the three most important variables. Clinical stage when considered with other risk factors (in the multiple regression analysis) adds little prognostic information. Age, sex, and extranodal involvement do not significantly influence survival in either analysis. Pathology, symptoms, and bone marrow involvement appear most important in designing adequate clinical treatment trials in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Determination of an office blood pressure cutpoint that excludes ambulatory hypertension

[-18.7;46.3]; 3. We observed a consistent relationship between the DIPPER phenomenon and both definitions of MBPS: Sleep-through MBPS: nonstandarized Beta B1⁄49.964 with 95%CI [6.588; 13.340], p<0.001; standarized-Beta sB1⁄40.399; model R21⁄40.166. Prewaking MBPS: B1⁄49.602, 95% CI [6.570; 12.634], p<0.001; sB1⁄40.414; R21⁄40.171. 4MBPS phenomenon was not related to kidney damage (ACR, Creatinine, Cystatin-C, GFR), left ventricular hypertrophy or vascular inflammation (hsCRP). Discussion: As long recognized, there is an increased risk for heart attack, stroke, and sudden death in the first few hours of the morning. For a long period, MBPS was believed systematically to increase cardiovascular disease risk, but a study in 2011 (Israel S et al) suggested that an increase in morning BP over nocturnal levels may represent a healthier form of circadian variation. Conclusions: 1. THe MBPS phenomenon is not exclusive to untreated patients. 2. Both definitions of the phenomenon achieve similar results, because the point is the BP sharp rise. 3. The dipper phenomenon is consistently related to MBPS, once excluded the effect of treatment, age and gender. 4. With regard to the consequences, the MBPS phenomenon had no impact on kidney damage, LVH or vascular inflammation. 5. Do not both phenomen seem two faces of the same coin?
Mesoscale simulation of mixed equations of state with application to shocked platinum-doped PMP foams.

Hydrocarbon polymers and foams are utilized in high energy-density t physics (HEDP) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments as tampers, energy conversion and radiation pulse shaping layers in dynamic hohlraum Z-pinches, and ablators in ICF capsule implosions. Shocked foams frequently are found to be mixed with other materials either by intentional doping with high-Z elements or by instabilities and turbulent mixing with surrounding materials. In this paper we present one-dimensional and three-dimensional mesoscale hydrodynamic simulations of high-Z doped poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP or TPX) foams in order to examine the validity of various equation of state (EOS) mixing rules available in two state-off the-art simulation codes. Platinum-doped PMP foam experiments conducted at Sandia's Z facility provide data that can be used to test EOS mixing rules. We apply Sandia's ALEGRA-MHD code and the joint LLNL/SNL KULL HEDP code to model these doped foam experiments and exercise the available EOS mixing methods. Onedimensional simulations homogenize the foam with platinum dopant and show which EOS mixing methods produce results that are consistent with measured Hugoniot states. These simulations produce sharp shock fronts that are well described by traditional Hugoniot relations. Three-dimensional mesoscale simulations explicitly model the foam structure embedded with discrete platinum particles. The heterogeneous structure of the foam results in diffuse shock fronts and an unsteady post-shock state with large fluctuations about an average state. We compare shock propagation through pure foam and Pt-doped foams (50-50 mixture by weight) at equal average initial density, and examine how well the results compare to the experimentally measured Hugoniot states. © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Hypervelocity Impact Society.
Examination of silicon material properties using THz time-domain spectroscopy

High-resistivity silicon is a very popular choice for substrate material when examining e.g. various thin films, biological samples etc. using THz radiation. This paper provides an overview of research on its THz properties, examines various practical issues appearing when determining its properties and reports results on complex index of refraction, permittivity and conductivity, obtained using modern instrumentation. Potential problems related to water absorption are highlighted. Various Drude models and parameters are also presented and discussed.
α4β2 nACh Receptor pharmacophore models

Progress towards the development of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor pharmacophores is reviewed from the early Beers and Riech model to the newer vector models.
Predictors of Reperfusion Delay in Patients With ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Self-Transported to the Hospital (from the American Heart Association's Mission: Lifeline Program)

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is beneficial if performed in a timely manner. Self-transport patients with STEMI have prolonged treatment times compared with Emergency Medical Services–transported patients. This study evaluated self-transport patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention to identify factors associated with prolonged door-to-balloon (D2B) times. From January 2007 to March 2011, data for 13,379 self-transport patients with STEMI treated at 432 hospitals in the Acute Coronary Treatment Intervention Outcomes Network Registry–Get With The Guidelines Registry were evaluated. Patients with a D2B time >90 minutes were compared with those with D2B time ≤90 minutes. Factors associated with prolonged D2B (>90 minutes) were explored using logistic generalized estimating equations. The median (twenty-fifth, seventy-fifth percentiles) D2B time for the entire cohort was 72 minutes (58, 86), and 19% had a D2B time of >90 minutes. Over the study period, there was a significant increase in the percentage of patients achieving D2B time ≤90 minutes. There were significant baseline differences between patients with D2B time ≤ versus >90 minutes. The main factors associated with prolonged treatment time were off-hour presentation (weekends and 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. weekdays), not obtaining an electrocardiogram within 10 minutes of hospital arrival, previous coronary artery bypass surgery, black race, older age, and female gender. In conclusion, although prolonged delay from arrival to electrocardiographic acquisition is a modifiable factor contributing to prolonged D2B times among self-transport patients with STEMI, additional factors (age, race, and gender) indicate that historic disparities for cardiovascular care still persist in terms of contemporary metrics for STEMI reperfusion.
“Learning the Good With the Bad”: Are Occupational White-Collar Offenders Taught How to Neutralize Their Crimes?

Occupational white-collar offenders are individuals who commit their offenses while in a position of trust and fiduciary responsibility within the respective company. Much has been written about their motivations and actual offenses; however, minimal empirical progress has been made determining whether the presence of an actual learning process exists that may inspire, encourage, or entice an individual to commit such crimes. Moreover, the research narrows further when attempting to determine whether a set of linguistic phrases that allows individuals to justify their crimes prior to commission may also be learned. Thus, the aim of this project was to understand the learning process behind occupational offenses, more specifically, do those we associate with provide neutralizations that may allow us to commit an occupational crime? To answer this question, 40 federally incarcerated occupational white-collar offenders were queried using semistructured one-on-one interviews. The results indicate that there i...
An experimental investigation of the isotope effect in the CVD growth of diamonds

Abstract An experimental investigation of the effect of isotopic substitution of hydrogen by deuterium was carried out for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond films to determine whether the rate determining step involves a C-H or a C-C bond. Results show that if such a comparison is carried out in a proper manner the growth rate with deuterium is slower by the expected isotopic factor of the square root of 2, indicating that most likely a C-H bond is involved in the rate limiting step. Additionally, it was found that the kinetics of the atomic species generation were equally affected by the isotopic switch, strongly suggesting that the rate limiting step for that process involves the metal-H bond.
Multifractal phenomena in physics and chemistry

The neologism 'multifractal phenomena' describes the concept that different regions of an object have different fractal properties. Multifractal scaling provides a quantitative description of a broad range of heterogeneous phenomena.
[14C]Acetate metabolism in the peripheral nervous system

Lipid biosynthesis was studied by incorporation of [14C]acetate into different compartments of rat sciatic nerve during development, degeneration and regeneration. Acetate incorporation was over three times higher in the sciatic endoneurium (desheathed nerve) than in epi- and perineurium. The endoneurium contained much higher contents of radioactively labeled membrane lipids (cholesterol and phospholipids) than did the epi- and perineurium (mainly triacylglycerol), indicating a benefit of utilization of endoneurium in the study of the metabolic derangements of peripheral nerve lipids. When 3H2O was used as a precursor, no incorporation was found. Endoneurial lipid biosynthesis from [14C]acetate decreased rapidly as myelination proceeded. After 4 months, the decrease continued but at a much slower rate. The total acetate incorporation found in endoneurial lipids of 6-month-old rats was predominantly in the free fatty acid fraction (40%), but was only 5% of that found in 10-day-old rats, demonstrating the importance of age-matched controls for metabolic studies of diseased nerve. During Wallerian degeneration, a decreased acetate incorporation into endoneurial lipids was observed as early as 2 days after crush injury. The profile of labeled lipids in developing and degenerating nerve revealed that the rate of lipogenesis did not change to the same extent for each lipid subclass. Cholesterol biosynthesis appeared to be the most sensitive. During regeneration, an increase in the uptake of [14C]acetate and an altered profile of labeled lipids demonstrated that the metabolic state of adult peripheral nerve, which is normally relatively inactive, can be modified by an exogenous factor such as crush injury.
Multiscaling at Point J: jamming is a critical phenomenon.

We analyze the jamming transition that occurs as a function of increasing packing density in a disordered two-dimensional assembly of disks at zero temperature for ‘‘Point J’’ of the recently proposed jamming phase diagram. We measure the total number of moving disks and the transverse length of the moving region, and find a power law divergence as the packing density increases toward a critical jamming density. This provides evidence that the T � 0 jamming transition as a function of packing density is a second order phase transition. Additionally, we find evidence for multiscaling, indicating the importance of long tails in the velocity fluctuations.