cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction and Assessment of Hypoxia in Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro

To simulate and study the hypoxic microenvironment associated with intracerebral glioma in vivo, simple and reproducible methods are described and discussed for inducing hypoxia or chemical pseudohypoxia in glioma cell cultures and assessing their effects on the expression and nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, a key transcriptional factor of oxygen homeostasis, by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry.
The ends of violence. Girard and Derrida

Jacques Derrida’s critique of philosophical origins, in his essay on Plato and elsewhere, unveils a sacrificial dynamic that Rene Girard hypothesizes as the origin of human culture. Girard’s latest book, Achever Clausewitz (2008), applies his mimetic theory to history: the Prussian general’s analysis of increasingly violent «reciprocal action» in modern, post-revolutionary warfare exposes the mimetic principle of lethally violent doubles. This «trend to extremes» works to the dissolution of institutions – national sovereignty, international law, politics, war itself – that Derrida explores in Voyous , his book-length essay on terrorism (2003). Both authors see the world of globalized commerce and the globalized terrorism that goes with it as enmeshed in violent undifferentiation. Girard’s historically grounded work supplies a narrative line to Derrida’s structural analyses. Derrida’s call for an ever more vigorous deconstructive rationality as a solution is symptomatic of philosophy’s blindness to the interactive crescendos of human violence that is unveiled in Girard’s religious anthropology.
Geospatial and techno-economic analysis of wind and solar resources in India

Abstract Using geospatial and economic analysis, we identify abundant renewable resources in India — 850–3400 GW for onshore wind, 1300–5200 GW for utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV), 160–620 GW for concentrated solar power (CSP, with 6 h-storage). However, these resources are concentrated in the western and southern regions. Deriving capital costs from India's 2017–18 auction prices, we estimate the 5th and 95th percentiles of levelized costs of energy generation ranging from USD 47–52 per MWh for solar PV and USD 42–62 per MWh for wind. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana are the best states for access to high-voltage substations, but transmission investments in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh are needed to harness significant renewable resources. More than 80% of wind resources lie on agricultural lands where dual land use strategies could encourage wind development and avoid loss of agriculturally productive land. Approximately 90% of CSP resources and 80% of solar PV resources are in areas experiencing high water stress, which can severely restrict deployment unless water requirements are minimized. Finally, we find co-location potential of at least 110 GW of wind and 360 GW of solar PV, which together could meet 35% of electricity demand in 2030.
Evaluation of New Fungicides for Control of Rose Blackspot

Daconil 2787, Spotless, Systhane, Maag RO15-1279, and Funginex were evaluated for blackspot control on field-grown roses. Weekly applications of Systhane at 0.16–0.20 g ai/l (0.021–0.027) oz ai/gal) and Maag RO15-1279 at 0.10 g ai/l (0.013 oz ai/gal) provided season-long blackspot protection equal to Daconil 2787. Lower rates of both Maag RO15-1279 and Systhane were less effective than the recommended rates of both fungicides. Spotless retarded shoot elongation while Systhane and Maag RO15-1279 did not.
The Recline and Head Lift Exercises: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Biomechanical Swallowing Outcomes and Perceived Effort in Healthy Older Adults.

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare biomechanical swallowing outcomes and perceived effort as well as detraining effects of the established Head Lift Exercise (HLE) and the novel Recline E...
PACEMAKER FOLLOWING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED TRICUSPID REGURGITATION

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) therapies have increased in the treatment of aortic disease. As TAVR procedures increase, more data is available on complications, such as the development of conduction abnormalities, often requiring pacemaker placement (PMP). A common complication of
Epigenetic therapy can inhibit growth of ovarian cancer cells and reverse chemoresistant properties acquired from metastatic omentum.

OBJECTIVE To examine the cytotoxicity of epigenetic drugs independently and in combination with chemotherapy on ovarian cancer cells Caov-3, and to investigate their ability to acquire chemoresistance in omental microenvironments and whether epigenetic drugs can counteract this chemoresistance. METHODS A pilot study was conducted in Cooper University Hospital, NJ, USA from August 1 to October 31, 2017, among women undergoing surgeries for uterine and ovarian cancer. Cytotoxicity assays using IC50 values of epigenetic drugs and paclitaxel and cisplatin were performed on Caov-3. Omental adipose-derived stem cells (OASCs) were isolated from omentum with/without metastases. Caov-3 was cultured with OASCs' conditioned medium and subjected to different drugs. Cell viability and secretome was measured using MTT and Elisa, respectively. RESULTS Three women met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Epigenetic drugs alone or in combination with chemotherapy showed 85%-94% increased cytotoxicity against Caov-3 (P≤0.005). Metastatic OASCs conditioned medium showed up to 27-fold increase in tumorigenic factors and promoted chemoresistance (28%-35%; P < 0.050) against chemotherapy. Epigenetic therapy resulted in up to a 40-fold reversal in this chemoresistance. CONCLUSION Epigenetic therapies could have an important role in treating a subgroup of ovarian cancer patients that demonstrate resistance to first-line chemotherapy.
Deep learning for indoor localization based on bimodal CSI data

In this chapter, we incorporate deep learning for indoor localization utilizing channel state information (CSI) with commodity 5 GHz Wi-Fi. We first introduce the state-ofthe-art deep-learning techniques including deep autoencoder network, convolutional neural network (CNN), and recurrent neural network (RNN). We then present a deep-learning-based algorithm to leverage bimodal CSI data, i.e., average amplitudes and estimated angle of arrivals (AOA), for indoor fingerprinting. The proposed scheme is validated with extensive experiments. Finally, we discuss several open research problems for indoor localization based on deep-learning techniques.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Classification of Brain Disorders Using Residual Learning on Structural MRI Data

In this work, we study the potential of the deep residual neural network (ResNet) architecture to learn abstract neuroanatomical alterations in the structural MRI data by evaluating its diagnostic and prognostic classification performance on two large, independent multi-group (ADNI and BSNIP) neuroimaging datasets. We conduct several binary classification tasks to assess the diagnostic/prognostic performance of the ResNet architecture through a rigorous, repeated and stratified k-fold cross-validation procedure for each of the classification tasks independently. We obtained better than state of the art performance for the clinically most important task in the ADNI dataset analysis, and significantly higher classification accuracies over a standard machine learning method (linear SVM) in each of the ADNI and BSNIP classification tasks. Overall, our results indicate the high potential of this architecture to learn effectual feature representations from structural brain imaging data.
Collegiate Esports as Learning Ecologies: Investigating Collaboration, Reflection and Cognition During Competitions

In this paper, we explore the ways in which a collegiate esports team’s play and performance underscore micro-level shifts in learning, domain mastery, and expertise through simultaneously collaborative and competitive gameplay. Specifically, with this aim, we evaluate how esports’ high-stakes team play and organizational activities provide evidence of processes and practices that are important for learning-relevant trajectories in and beyond higher education. Throughout the course of a threegame match in a major collegiate esports tournament, players demonstrated decision-making, reflection and dimensions of individual and collaborative learning. We also found support for improved meta-gaming knowledge – or distributed, communitycentered knowledge around the game – which underscored players’ domain learning and growth. Our findings highlight evidence of perceptual learning, as demonstrated through the players’ flexibility in adapting to increasingly complex challenges. We propose that these findings emphasize the importance of esports as meaningful and noteworthy learning ecologies which need to be more deeply examined in light of historic gender and racial barriers to educational and professional aspirations in gaming.
An Exploration of Rural Nurses in Decision Making of Academic Progression

Purpose: To explore the meaning that academic progression has for rural RNs and their decision to pursue or not pursue a BSN or higher levels of education. Background: Mounting evidence has linked a higher educated nurse with improved patient outcomes and decreased patient mortality prompting leaders in healthcare to call for a bachelor of Science (BSN) degree as baseline preparation for nursing practice Yet, the majority of the nation’s registered nurses (RNs) continues to be educated at the associate degree (AD) level. These numbers are even higher in rural areas of the country, where social determinants of health for rural populations places higher demands on rural nurses to provide quality of care. Sample: Nine (n=9) AD RNs from a rural community hospital in Pennsylvania who met inclusion criteria were selected. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was the research design choice which captured the lived experiences of how rural RNs think and feel about pursuing a BSN or higher degree. Findings: Findings from this study revealed that rural RNs are motivated by the need for a BSN specifically in regard to job security, professional identity, professional development, personal enrichment, and career mobility and feeling prepared for the demands of 21st century nursing practice. The participants conveyed they want their voices to be heard regarding the unique challenges that rural nurses face in pursuit of a BSN. Conclusion: Higher education in nursing is now a key imperative. Understanding academic progression in relation to RNs practicing in rural healthcare institutions should serve to disseminate the identified gaps of knowledge in rural nursing education. This study has direct implications for curriculum development and educational strategies focused on producing a more educated rural nursing workforce to meet the growing needs of rural populations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v20i1.608 Keywords: academic progression, associate degree, bachelor degree, nursing education, role transition, rural health, rural nursing, rural RN workforce.
Characterizing Driver Workload and Attention in a Simulated Automated Vehicle.

As automated vehicles become more widely available, it is essential that we understand how workload and gaze distribution change throughout a drive. This work provides an understanding of workload and gaze distribution throughout two simulated automated drives. The first drive, the baseline, participants experienced fully functioning automation. During the second drive, the handover drive, participants experienced an automation failure which required them to take manual control of the vehicle. The results of this work can be used to understand the impact of interventions such as automation reliability displays and take over requests on the driver.
Impact of Intravesical Cold Sensation on Functional Network Connectivity Estimated Using ICA at Rest & During Interoceptive Task

Afferent nerves that carry interoceptive signals from the viscera to the brain include Aδ and C-fibers. Previously, we examined the effects of detrusor distention (conveyed mainly by Aδ fibers) on the static functional network connectivity (FNC) of the brain using independent component analysis (ICA) of fMRI time series. In the present study, we investigate the impact of intravesical cold sensation (thought to be conveyed by C-fibers) on brain FNC using similar ICA approach. Thirteen healthy women were scanned on a 3.0T MRI scanner during a resting state scan and an intravesical cold sensation task fMRI. High dimensional ICA (n = 75) were used to decompose the fMRI data into several intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) including the default-mode (DMN), subcortical (SCN; amygdala, thalamus), salience (SN), central executive (CEN), sensorimotor (SMN), and cerebellar/brainstem (CBN) networks. Results demonstrate significant FNC differences in several ICN pairs primarily between the SCN and cognitive networks such as CEN, as well as between SN and CBN and DMN when intravesical cold water condition was compared to rest (FDR-corrected p-value of 0.05). Significant increases in FNC between CBN and between SMN were also observed during interoceptive condition. The results indicate significant impact of Aδ and C-fiber-originated interoceptive signals on the brain connectivity when compared to the baseline rest.
Documentation of en route mortality of summer chum salmon in the Koyukuk River, Alaska and its potential linkage to the heatwave of 2019.

This paper documents a mass en route mortality event of adult summer chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) returning to the Koyukuk River, Alaska in the Yukon River basin. In response to reports from local communities, a small team of researchers (including the author) surveyed ca. 275 km of river on July 26 and 27, 2019 and counted 1,364 dead salmon. Although the total magnitude of mortality is unknown, counts from the survey certainly represent only a small fraction of the true number of fish that died. We sampled 73 carcasses to confirm death occurred prematurely prior to complete maturation and spawning, and to quantify sex and length. Visual inspection revealed a substantial fraction exhibited patterns of fungal growth consistent with secondary infections of skin lesions caused by the ubiquitous natural bacterial pathogen Flavobacterium columnare. Water temperatures during the survey averaged 17.1°C and the water was approximately 85% saturated with oxygen (ca. 8.5 mg/L), which likely contributed to the stress for upstream migrants. Evidence suggests size-selective en route mortality as female migrants that died were 2% and male migrants 5% shorter than individuals that survived to their spawning grounds on Henshaw Creek. This translates to very strong estimates of natural selection using standardized selection differentials, yet it is unclear whether selection acts on body size directly or indirectly through correlated phenotypic traits such as run timing. The mortality event likely underpins the below average returns of summer chum salmon to the Koyukuk River in 2019, suggesting an impact on spawner abundance. The future consequences of this, or potentially increasingly frequent, en route mortality events for population productivity and the extent to which genetic adaptation or adaptive phenotypic plasticity of migration behavior may facilitate persistence of these populations is unknown.
Design Optimization of C3MR Natural Gas Liquefaction Process

Abstract Liquefied Natural Gas plants are energy intensive processes. In order to reduce their energy consumption, optimization is an often-sought step in process design. But it is less common for real existing plants. This is especially laborious for plant operators when they need to work with design simulation software in conjunction myriad of other tools to evaluate equipment adequacy for new HMB or use a dynamic simulation software in steady state mode with an optimizer linked. The novelty of this paper is to showcase how intuitive open modelling with right specifications and in-built optimizers can be the right tool for both Process Designs as well as for re-optimizing/debottlenecking for real plants. This study uses AVEVA SimCentral Simulation Platform to develop the optimized design and real plant model within same simulation. The process design was created with specifications that reflect the process design objectives and then optimized for compressor power by varying refrigerant compositions and compression pressure. This becomes the basis for the real plant studies like similar optimization for a changed natural gas feed. This is where real plant operators can save efforts by working with a steady state pressure solved network simulation which obeys the equipment limitations. Since this is a steady state simulation the transient to steady state is not a concern, hence time/effort is saved when operators can simplify the simulation by simply swapping detailed controls for simple specifications in open modelling environment.
Gamma-Ray Burster Counterparts: Hubble Space Telescope Blue and Ultraviolet Data

The surest solution of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) mystery is to find an unambiguous low-energy quiescent counterpart. However, to date no reasonable candidates have been identified in the X-ray, optical, infrared, or radio ranges. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has now allowed for the first deep ultraviolet searches for quiescent counterparts. This paper reports on multiepoch ultraviolet searches of five GRB positions with HST. We found no sources with significant ultraviolet excesses, variability, parallax, or proper motion in any of the burst error regions. In particular, we see no sources similar to that proposed as a counterpart to the GRB 970228. While this negative result is disappointing, it still has good utility for its strict limits on the no-host-galaxy problem in cosmological models of GRBs. For most cosmological models (with peak luminosity 6 × 1050 ergs s-1), the absolute B magnitude of any possible host galaxy must be fainter than -15.5 to -17.4. These smallest boxes for some of the brightest bursts provide the most critical test, and our limits are a severe problem for all published cosmological burst models.
`Pink'-beam X-ray powder diffraction profile and its use in Rietveld refinement

The powder diffraction profile obtained with a pink-beam synchrotron X-ray source is described as the convolution of a back-to-back pair of exponentials convoluted with the Gaussian and Lorentzian components of a pseudo-Voigt. This new function is employed for the first time in a Rietveld refinement using data collected from a single 100 ps synchrotron X-ray micropulse.
Increased secondary infection in COVID-19 patients treated with steroids in New York City.

Steroids are expected to be effective in the treatment of cytokine release syndrome, which is considered to be associated with severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to investigate the use of steroids and its effects. We conducted a retrospective chart review and an analysis of 226 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. Patients were divided into those who received steroids (steroid group) and those who did not (no steroid group). Inverse probability weighted analysis was performed to assess the effect of steroids on in-hospital mortality. The steroid group had higher rates of preexisting hypertension and peripheral vascular disease as well as higher lactate dehydrogenase levels, d-dimer levels, and inflammatory markers than the no steroid group (all P <0.05). The steroid group had significantly higher rates of multifocal pneumonia than the no steroid group at admission (75.4% vs. 50.3%, P = 0.001). Notably, the steroid group had higher rates of developing bacterial infection (25% vs. 13.1%, P = 0.041) and fungal infection (12.7% versus 0.7%, P <0.001) during the hospital course than the no steroid group. After adjustment, it was observed that steroids did not decrease or increase in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.02 [0.60-1.73, P = 0.94]). There was an increase in bacterial and fungal infections with steroid use.
Detrimental effects of a failed infection by a co-invasive parasite on a native congeneric parasite and its native host

Biological invaders often are accompanied by co-invasive parasites that can alter ecosystem function and established native host-parasite relationships. When these co-invasive parasites establish in a community, they can affect native host fitness and native parasite infection intensity, prevalence, and success within the native host. The mosquito, Aedes triseriatus, is North American host to protozoan parasite, Ascogregarina barretti. In geographic regions invaded by the mosquito Aedes albopictus, A. triseriatus may also be infected by A. albopictus’ co-invasive parasite, Ascogregarina taiwanensis. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) The presence of a co-invasive parasite will negatively affect native parasite fitness, yielding decreased infection intensity, prevalence, and infection success, which could be caused by immune induction of the host or inter-parasite competition, and (2) Coinfection with the native and co-invasive parasites will negatively affect host fitness, yielding increased larval development time and decreased survival and reproductive fitness, caused by increased costs of infection. In our coinfection experiments we find that any exposure to the co-invasive parasite resulted in decreased survivorship and increased development time of the host A. triseriatus, with or without coinfection by the native parasite. Exposure to both co-invasive and native parasites yielded reduced native parasite infection intensity in the host larva and reduced native parasite propagule production in the resulting male adults. Together, these results indicate not only the potential for the co-invasive parasite to alter the native host-parasite relationship, but to impact native host population dynamics.
Synchronous Periprosthetic Joint Infections: High Mortality, Reinfection, and Reoperation.

Abstract Background Synchronous periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a catastrophic complication with potentially high mortality. We aimed to report mortality, risk of reinfection, revision, reoperation, and implant survivorship after synchronous PJIs. Methods We identified 34 patients treated for PJI in more than one joint within a single 90-day period from 1990 to 2018. PJIs involved bilateral knee arthroplasty (27), bilateral hip arthroplasty (4), 1 knee arthroplasty and 1 elbow arthroplasty (1), 1 knee arthroplasty and 1 shoulder arthroplasty (1), and bilateral hip and knee arthroplasty (1). Irrigation and debridement with component retention was performed in 23 patients, implant resection in 10 patients, and a combination of irrigation and debridement with component retention and implant resection in 1 patient. A competing risk model was used to analyze implant survivorship, and Kaplan-Meier survival was used for patient mortality. Mean follow-up was 6 years. Results Mortality was high at 18% at 30 days and 27% at 1 year. The 1-year cumulative incidence of any reinfection was 13% and 27% at 5 years. The 1-year cumulative incidence of any revision or implant removal was 6% and 20% at 5 years. The 1-year cumulative incidence of unplanned reoperation was 25% and 35% at 5 years. Rheumatoid arthritis was associated with increased risk of mortality (HR 7, P Conclusion In the largest series to date, patients with synchronous PJIs had a high 30-day mortality rate of 18%, and one-fourth underwent unplanned reoperation within the first year.
Documentation Status Socialization among Latinx Immigrant Parents.

Discriminatory legislation targeting Latinx immigrants in the United States has shifted how parents communicate with their children about the hostile political climate. One way that Latinx parents talk about and prepare their children to face prejudice is through ethnic-racial socialization, which can promote children's positive development. Few scholars, however, have focused on how Latinx immigrant families with precarious documentation status socialize their children around issues of immigration, documentation status, and the potential for family separation. The current study seeks to broaden our understanding and conceptualization of ethnic-racial socialization practices among Latinx immigrant families living in the United States to include documentation status socialization to better capture the messages parents transmit to their children about the causes and potential impacts of their documentation status. Thirty-nine Latinx immigrant mothers aged 35-53 (M = 41.66), (22 undocumented, 17 documented) were interviewed regarding the ways in which their documentation status informs their ethnic-racial socialization practices. Five subthemes of Documentation Status Socialization were identified among both undocumented and documented parents. Example of subthemes included Limitations and Restrictions of Undocumented Status, and Documentation Privilege, in which parents discussed the limitation of being undocumented as well as the privilege that comes with the legal documentation status with their youth. Our findings yield important implications for practice and research alike.
Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) locomotion: gaits and ground reaction forces

Locomotion of plantigrade generalists has been relatively little studied compared with more specialised postures even though plantigrady is ancestral among quadrupeds. Bears (Ursidae) are a representative family for plantigrade carnivorans, they have the majority of the morphological characteristics identified for plantigrade species, and they have the full range of generalist behaviours. This study compared the locomotion of adult grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis Linnaeus 1758), including stride parameters, gaits and analysis of three-dimensional ground reaction forces, with that of previously studied quadrupeds. At slow to moderate speeds, grizzly bears use walks, running walks and canters. Vertical ground reaction forces demonstrated the typical M-shaped curve for walks; however, this was significantly more pronounced in the hindlimb. The rate of force development was also significantly higher for the hindlimbs than for the forelimbs at all speeds. Mediolateral forces were significantly higher than would be expected for a large erect mammal, almost to the extent of a sprawling crocodilian. There may be morphological or energetic explanations for the use of the running walk rather than the trot. The high medial forces (produced from a lateral push by the animal) could be caused by frontal plane movement of the carpus and elbow by bears. Overall, while grizzly bears share some similarities with large cursorial species, their locomotor kinetics have unique characteristics. Additional studies are needed to determine whether these characters are a feature of all bears or plantigrade species.
A wafer-bonded silicon load cell operating in the tensioned-wire regime

The authors have used wafer-bonding techniques to fabricate a dielectrically isolated single-crystal silicon version of a dual-port, H-shaped resonant load cell operating in the tensioned-wire regime. The typical geometry reported here is 1.1 mu m thick and has four 1200 mu m long tethers connected at their center by a cross-bar. The resonators are made of p/sup +/ single-crystal silicon which has been determined to be under a net tensile strain of 260 p.p.m. The high length-to-thickness ratio of the resonator, combined with high strain, yield a gage factor which approaches that of a tensioned wire, namely 1/2 epsilon , where epsilon is the strain. In this limit, the gage factor is essentially independent of geometry, and solely dependent on the residual strain in the p+ silicon. It may be possible to take advantage of this tensioned-wire regime to achieve highly repeatable gage factors even in the presence of small geometric variations between devices. >
The effects of animated agents with verbal audio on mathematics comprehension and attitudes towards mathematics and computers

This doctoral study investigated the effect of animated agents with verbal audio in WBI on mathematics achievement and attitudes toward mathematics and computers using a pretest-posttest control group design model among eighty-one college students who enrolled in Pre-Calculus courses a at doctoral/research-extensive university. It verified quantitatively that the presence of animated agents with verbal audio in WBI can improve students' mathematics achievement and attitudes toward mathematics, but not their attitudes toward computers. In particularly, students in the experimental group practice effect improved, but not their application effect. In addition, this study verified that there exist a positive association between a student's attitude toward mathematics and his attitude towards computers and vice versa, and there exist a positive association between a student's satisfaction with WBI and her attitudes toward mathematics. Designers and developers of WBI can use these findings to better design, develop, and implement a web-based tutorial that promotes positive attitudes toward learning and long-term mathematics achievement in the postsecondary mathematics arena.
Effects of the external ions and metabolic poisoning on the constriction of the squid giant axon after axotomy

After transecting the squid giant axon in the presence of an artificial external medium, which was composed of the ions normally present in squid blood, the cut ends of the axon constrict. This constriction could be completely blocked by cutting the axon in the presence of an artificial internal medium composed of the ions normally present inside the axon. By interchanging the ions in the internal medium with those in the external medium, it was determined that constriction was stimulated by the high concentrations of calcium, chloride, and magnesium ions present in the external medium and inhibited by the high concentrations of potassium ion in the internal medium. Constriction could also be inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol and cyanide. Softening of axoplasm and elution of the axoplasmic proteins at the cut end of the axon also occurred in the external medium. This softening and elution may be necessary for constriction since constriction occurred only in those media that also induced axoplasmic softening and elution. Softening and elution are not sufficient for constriction, however, since high potassium, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and cyanide inhibited constriction without inhibiting the softening or elution of axoplasm.
Autoantibodies in acquired hemolytic anemia with special reference to the LW system.

Most autoantibodies in patients with warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) have specificity within the Rh system. Using rare cells such as -D- and Rhnull cells, Weiner and Vos (1963) described specificity against normal cells (nl), partially deleted cells (pdl), and deleted cells (dl). Recently, autoantibodies which failed to react with Rhnull cells that were of anti-U specificity have been described. It was suggested that the "Rh related" autoantibodies that cannot be identified as specific Rh antibodies may be anti-U. In the present study we examined eluates from the red cells of eight patients with AIHA using a panel of extremely rare cells and cross-absorption and elution techniques. We demonstrated autoantibody specificities not definable without the rare cells and, further, defined heterogeneity of the LW antigen. Autoantibodies with U specificity occurred in three eluates only. It was always present with an antibody of another specificity. Six of the eluates contained anti-LW, two anti-nl, five anti-pdl, three anti-dl, and one anti-e. Absorption and elution studies using the rare Rh-positive LW-negative (Mrs. Bigelow) showed that anti-pdl may in fact represent anti-LW + LW1 and that Mrs. Bigelow may represent a weak variant of LW. Injection of her red cells into guinea pigs produced an anti-LW that reacted similarly to the antibody produced by injecting Rh-positive LW-positive cells. An analogy to the ABO is suggested that normal Rh-positive LW-positive cells represent LW1, Rh-negative LW-positive cells represent LW2, Mrs. Bigelow represents LW3 and Rhnull cells represent the only true LW-negative (lw).
Jets, magnetic fields and the central engine

Recent observations of jets unconfined by external pressure suggest that self-confinement may be common. This requires current-carrying jets with helical magnetic fields. Such beams occur in the laboratory, in lightning, and in the Crab Nebula, where currents are apparently carried over distances ≥ light year, Self-confined jets require a significant torodial magnetic field (∿103 –104 G) emerging from the nozzle. I suggest the ratio B‖/B0 may be the crucial nozzle parameter, causing asymmetries. Helical field configurations have remarkable stability properties and can evolve naturally as synchrotron losses in the jet lead to minimizing J→x B→. Current-carrying jets may provide a valuable clue to the physics of the central source.
Effects of attention on MT and MST neuronal activity during pursuit initiation.

The responses of neurons in monkey extrastriate areas MT (middle temporal) and MST (medial superior temporal), and the initial metrics of saccadic and pursuit eye movements, have previously been sh...
Release of immunoreactive neuropeptide Y from brainstem sites in the cat during isometric contractions

Abstract Fatiguing isometric contractions of the left hind-limb muscles in cats anesthetized with α-chloralose caused mean arterial pressure to increase by 82 ± 18 mmHg above resting and post-contraction levels and heart rates to increase by 15 ± 5 beats/min. Contractions were performed by stimulating the tibial nerve via a microprocessor-controlled stimulator. Glass microprobes, coated with antibody specific for neuropeptide Y (NPY) were inserted bilaterally into the periaqueductal grey (P 0.5–1.0, LR 2.0 mm) or into the right ventrolateral medulla (3.0 mm rostral to obex; LR 3.5 mm) prior to, during and following fatiguing contractions to determine whether immunoreactive NPY was released. No release of immunoreactive NPY was detected from the site in the ventrolateral medulla. Immunoreactive NPY was released from the contralateral but not the ipsilateral periaqueductal grey during the isometric contractions, suggesting that NPY-like substances maybe involved with the integration of muscle afferent input into this area of the brainstem.
Embodiment is the foundation, not a level

Embodiment, the explicit dependence of cognition on the properties of the human body, is the foundation of contemporary cognitive science. Ballard et al.'s target article makes an important contribution to the embodiment story by suggesting how limitations on neural binding ability lead to deictic strategies for many tasks. It also exploits the powerful experimental method of instrumented virtual reality. This commentary suggests some ways in which the target article might be misinterpreted and offers other cautions.
Perceptions of Neighborhood Park Quality: Associations with Physical Activity and Body Mass Index

Background Parks are important resources for physical activity (PA), yet few studies have examined how perceptions of park characteristics relate to PA and health.
Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome of childhood: a long-term study of clinical course, histopathology, efficacy of cyclophosphamide therapy, and effects on growth.

The long-term clinical course of 60 children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome, observed for a minimum of 10 years from onset, was studied (mean 14.5 ± 0.5 years). Four children had only a single episode, seven children experienced only one to three relapses early in their course, and the remaining 49 patients (82%) experienced frequently relapsing steroid-dependent disease. Nearly half of these (47%) continued to relapse into their late teens and early twenties. All 20 children treated with cyclosphosphamide because of steroid-induced side effects developed complete remissions of the nephrotic syndrome. These were sustained in 70% for 9.1 ± 0.6 years, with a reduction of disease severity in the remaining 30%. In contrast, only 48% of patients treated with prednisone alone were in remission at last follow-up (P = .06). Ten of the children treated with cyclophosphamide had the minimal change lesion prior to therapy; 90% of these had permanent remissions. Only 50% of the six children with focal glomerulosclerosis and four children with mesangial proliferation have had permanent remissions. None of the patients developed renal insufficiency. Children treated with prednisone alone were −0.93 ± 0.3 SD below the mean for height at last follow-up. Cyclophosphamide treatment was associated with an increase in height SD scores from −0.84 ± 0.4 to −0.28 ± 0.3. Children with severe growth impairment demonstrated dramatic catch-up growth when treated with cyclophosphamide with SD scores increasing from −2.29 ± 0.8 to −0.43 ± 0.6 (P
On an energy minimizing basis for algebraic multigrid methods

This paper is devoted to the study of an energy minimizing basis first introduced in Wan, Chan and Smith (2000) for algebraic multigrid methods. The basis will be first obtained in an explicit and compact form in terms of certain local and global operators. The basis functions are then proved to be locally harmonic functions on each coarse grid "element". Using these new results, it is illustrated that this basis can be numerically obtained in an optimal fashion. In addition to the intended application for algebraic multigrid method, the energy minimizing basis may also be applied for numerical homogenization.
Inactivation of tobacco ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase by 2,3-butanedione.

Abstract Treatment of crystalline tobacco ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) with the arginine-selective α-dicarbonyl, 2,3-butanedione, results in a time- and concentration-dependent loss of activity. Inactivation is markedly enhanced by borate buffer and alkaline pH and is partially reversed upon removal of excess reagent and borate by gel filtration. Of the various ligands examined, only the phosphorylated substrate, ribulosebisphosphate, protects against inactivation. These results suggest an essential role for arginyl residues in the enzymic mechanism of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase, probably as binding sites for the negatively charged phosphate groups of the non-gaseous substrate.
Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, and redox properties of Cp*Ru(NO)(mnt)

The cyclopentadienylruthenium complex Cp*Ru(NO)Cl2 reacts with disodium maleonitriledithiolate (Na2mnt) in methanol to give Cp*Ru(NO)(mnt) in 85% yield. The product has been characterized in solution by IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopies. Cp*Ru(NO)(mnt) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 7.6042(7), b = 16.368(2), c = 26.138(3) A, V= 3253.2(6) A3, and Z = 8. Full-matrix least-squares refinement yielded R = 0.043 for 777 (F > 6σ(F)) reflections. The electrochemical properties of Cp*Ru(NO)(mnt) have been investigated by cyclic and rotating disk electrode voltammetric, and bulk electrolytic methods. Two redox responses were observed and assigned to 0/ + 1 and 0/ − 1 couples. The composition of the HOMO and LUMO levels in Cp*Ru(NO)(mnt) has been examined by extended Huckel molecular orbital calculations, and the results discussed with respect to the electrochemical data.
Buffer standards for the physiological pH of zwitterionic compounds, MOBS and TABS from 5 to 55°C

The values of the second dissociation constant, pK2, and related thermodynamic quantities of 4-(N-morpholino)butanesulfonic acid (MOBS) and N-tris(hydroxymethyl)-4-aminobutanesulfonic acid (TABS) have already been reported over the temperature range 5–55°C including 37{°}C. This paper reports the pH values of twelve equimolal buffer solutions at designated pH (s) with the following compositions: (a) mixtures of MOBS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOBS (0.05 mol-kg−1); (b) MOBS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaMOBS (0.08 mol-kg−1); (c) MOBS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaMOBS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaCl (0.08 mol-kg−1); (d) TABS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaTABS (0.05 mol-kg−1); and (e) TABS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaTABS (0.08 mol-kg−1); and (f) TABS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaTABS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaCl (0.08 mol-kg−1). Two buffer solutions have ionic strengths I= 0.05 mol-kg−1, another two have I=0.08 mol-kg−1, and the remaining two buffer solutions have I= 0.16 mol-kg−1, which is close to that of the clinical fluids (blood serum). These buffers have been recommended as a useful pH standard for the measurements of physiological solutions. Conventional pH values of all six buffer solutions from 5–55°C, as well as those obtained from the liquid junction potential correction at 25 and 37{°}C have been calculated. The flowing-junction calomel cell has been utilized to measure Ej, the liquid junction potential.
Objectives to direct the training of emergency medicine residents on off-service rotations: hyperbaric medicine

Abstract Objectives for Emergency Medicine residents on Hyperbaric Medicine rotations is the 22nd article in this continuing series of “off-service” goals and objectives. The role of the emergency medicine physician in hyperbaric treatment is evolving as part of a multidisciplinary approach to patients with widely divergent disease states who may benefit from serum hyperoxia and compression. Therefore, emergency residents with interests in this area will benefit from clear goals and objectives during a 2 to 4-week Hyperbaric Medicine Elective.
Supramolecular Copper Hydroxide Tennis Balls: Self-Assembly, Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Octanuclear [Cu8L8(OH)4]4+ Clusters (HL = N-(2-Pyridylmethyl)acetamide)

The self-assembly of supramolecular copper “tennis balls” that possess unusual magnetic properties using a small pyridyl amide ligand is described. Copper(II) complexes of N-(2-pyridylmethyl)acetamide (HL) were synthesized in methanol. In the absence of base, the mononuclear complex [Cu(HL)2](ClO4)2 (1) was prepared. The structure of 1, determined by X-ray crystallography, contains a copper(II) ion surrounded by bidentate HL ligands coordinated via the pyridyl N atom and the carbonyl O atom in a trans, square planar arrangement. Reactions carried out in the presence of triethylamine resulted in cluster complexes [Cu8L8(OH)4](ClO4)4 and [Cu8L8(OH)4](CF3SO3)4 [2(ClO4)4 and 2(OTf)4, respectively]. The cationic portions of 2(ClO4)4 and 2(OTf)4 are isostructural, containing eight copper(II) ions, eight deprotonated ligands (L-), and four μ3-hydroxide ligands. The top and bottom halves of the cluster are related by a pseudo-S4 symmetry operation and are held together by bridging L- ligands. Solutions of 2(ClO4)...
The kinetic and thermodynamic effects of vacancy-interstitial interactions in PdH solutions

Statistical mechanical techniques have been used to calculate the effects of interactions between H-atoms and vacancies in Pd. Using a spectrum of H-vacancy binding energies generated by effective medium calculations, it has been shown that the creation of H-induced vacancies can lead to drastic increases in the diffusivity of the lattice atom, but that the effects reflected in the thermodynamic functions of the H-atoms will be less than the experimentally detectable limits.
Conformations of [10]Annulene: More Bad News for Density Functional Theory and Second-Order Perturbation Theory

The molecular structures and relative energies of several of the lowest-energy conformations of [10]annulene (C10H10) have been investigated using the Hartree−Fock (HF) method, density functional theory (DFT), second-order Moller−Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and (for the first time) coupled cluster singles and doubles with a perturbative inclusion of connected triple excitations [CCSD(T)]. For some years the HF method has been known to incorrectly favor bond-length-alternating structures for [10]annulene, and standard forms of DFT are now seen to incorrectly favor aromatic structures. For the naphthalene-like conformation, the B3LYP method is shown to require a large basis set before the geometry becomes properly bond-localized, i.e., similar to the predictions of CCSD(T) using even a modest basis set. With a basis set of 170 functions, B3LYP and BP86 predict that the aromatic heart-shaped conformation is 9.11 and 12.11 kcal mol-1, respectively, lower than the bond-alternating twist form, while with...
Defining child abuse: Exploring variations in ratings of discipline severity among child welfare practitioners

This study investigated child welfare practitioners’ ratings of the severity of parental discipline practices. Ratings varied by the type of act, age of the child, and by chronicity. Exploratory investigation into changes across time found that current practitioners (N = 27) rated several practices (e.g. spanking and shaking) as more severe than did professionals (N = 24) sampled in 1977. Results underscore the complexity of defining child maltreatment and offer implications for practitioners, applied researchers, and child welfare policy makers.
How Important Is Sustainability Education to Hospitality Programs

Although sustainability is at the forefront globally, awareness of its importance within the hospitality curriculum of universities in the United States has been limited. This study appraised importance of sustainability education in hospitality curriculums by assessing students, educators, and industry leaders in the United States. Results revealed significant differences between these stakeholders as to environmental attitudes, behaviors, interest in sustainability, and the significance of environmental concerns in a hospitality curriculum. Results also showed how the stakeholders' views were different with regard to the relevance of environmental topics in the hospitality curriculum and how best sustainability theory and practices can be taught.