cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Love Is (Color)blind: Asian Americans and White Institutional Space at the Elite University

The literature on racism at the university level is extensive, but few studies have examined the unique position of Asian American undergraduates. Studies of racial discrimination toward Asian Amer...
Effect of White and Red Light Illumination on the Degradation of a-Si:H Solar Cells

Structures were carried out on the degradation of heterojunction and homojunction a-Si:H solar cells, using Xenon arc and tungsten halogen light sources. The degradations were carried out with both white and red light with the intensities being calibrated using the saturated reverse biased photocurrents. Because of the different light intensities, I, involved, comparisons between the different illumination were made after exposure times, t, where I1.8t = constant. The degraded states of the cells were characterized with light I-V, dark I-V, and quantum efficiency measurements. The same degraded states, as indicated by the all three characteristics, are obtained with either white and red light providing the intensities are calibrated using the actual p-i-n cells. It is also found that the empirical relation for obtaining the same degradation found by L. Yang holds for these illuminations being about 1 and 10 suns. Analysis of the dark I-V’s using AMPS with a charged defect distributions of defects indicates that with the exposures used, the light induced defects have a close to uniform distribution throughout the i-layer.
Research on Pod and Seed Traits of Lysidice brevicalyx Wei

This paper analyzed on differences of pod and seed traits(pod length,pod width,pod aspect ratio,seeds length,seed width,seed aspect ratio and seed weight) in five superior individuals of Lysidice brevicalyx communities.The results showed that,the seed phenotypic traits differences among individuals have reached a very significant level.The largest variation was in seed weight,and the coefficient of variation was 20.41%.Seed phenotypic traits have certain relevance.
Development process on the voluntary carbon standard project

With the Durban climate conference ended,Canada will formally withdraw from the Kyoto Protocol,which became the first withdrawal country after signing the agreement,so that we can't help to think of the Clean Development Mechanism projects( CDM) what how long will it go far? In recent years,rapid development of voluntary carbon emissions trading,the problem come to be attendant,due to lack of supervision of market,The buyer how to confirm that they spend money to buy carbon emission reductions will actually bring benefits for the environment. In this case,the Climate Group joined International Emissions Trading Association with the World Economic Forum in 2005,to develope the Voluntary Carbon Standard to meet the needs of low-carbon market development,the paper describes the development process and specific examples of the Voluntary Carbon Standard.
Study on the toxicity and mutogenicity of Jintongbao capsule

Objective To study the toxicity and mutagenicity of Jin Tongbao capsule Methods Acute toxicity test,Micronucieus test,Sperm shape abnormality test,Ames test and thirty days feeding tests were performed Results The determination of oral LD 50 in mice or rats was within the limit of nonpoisonous Mutagenic effect of Jin Tongbao capsule was assesed by Ames test,Micronucieus test and Sperm shape abnormality test,but the negative results were obtained There was no significant toxicity observed in thirty days tests Conclusion Jin Tongbao capsule is safe
Muslim Absence as Literary Aperture

As well known as any date in the Western world, 1492 is also arguably the most important date in the history of the Iberian Peninsula. Columbus’s arrival in the New World, the final defeat of the Muslims in Granada, and the expulsion of the Jews from Spain make up a trinity of events that heralded a new era of Spanish dominance. But while these historical moments created various opportunities for the young nation, they simultaneously bound Spain forever to tragedies on an epic scale. The focus of this book is to understand the literary repercussions of one of these tragedies: the abolishment of Islam throughout Spain and the eventual expulsion of Muslim converts to Christianity (known as “Moriscos”) from its borders. This absence created an opening that was filled by a veritable flood of new narrative forms and strategies, developments that were far from inevitable. Indeed, the terms of the 1492 surrender of Granada expressly allowed Muslims to continue to practice their religion under Christian rule. The Catholic Monarchs, Isabel and Ferdinand, however, soon revoked these rights. By 1510, Muslims were not only prohibited from practicing any differentiating customs (such as language, dress, ceremony) but were also forced to convert to Christianity. This was only the beginning of the new dark chapter of Iberian Christian/Muslim relations, which eventually culminated in expulsion.
Detection of Isoforms Differing by a Single Charge Unit in Individual Cells

To measure protein isoforms in individual mammalian cells, we report single-cell resolution isoelectric focusing (scIEF) and high-selectivity immunoprobing. Microfluidic design and photoactivatable materials establish the tunable pH gradients required by IEF and precisely control the transport and handling of each 17-pL cell lysate during analysis. The scIEF assay resolves protein isoforms with resolution down to a single-charge unit, including both endogenous cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins from individual mammalian cells.
Oxide-related defects in quantum dot containing Si-rich silicon nitride films

Abstract Silicon-rich silicon nitride thin films were deposited by co-sputtering silicon and silicon nitride and annealed at high temperatures to form precipitates of silicon nanocrystals within the nitride matrix. This process was chosen to replicate the typical fabrication used for silicon nitride based quantum dots. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were observed from the silicon nitride samples after a high temperature anneal and the PL peak shifted with increasing Si concentration. However, the time resolved PL spectra exhibited a fast decay in the nanosecond range, indicating that the PL does not originate from a radiative transition due to quantum confinement in the silicon nanocrystals. The chemical composition and the structural properties of the thin films were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. XPS and FTIR demonstrated that there was some oxygen incorporation in the as-deposited films, forming silicon oxynitride, which increased after high temperature annealing in N 2 ambient. It is proposed that the PL originates from defect states related to the increased film oxidation after high temperature annealing and the shift in PL peak energies are due to transitions between the defect levels and the band edges of the nitride matrix.
Effect of Fall Temperature and Lighting on Growth of Rhododendron Rooted Cuttings

Summer-rooted rhododendron cuttings were forced into growth using natural photoperiod, incandescent or red light (660nm) as a night break between 2200 and 0100 hours at both 17°C (63°F) and 10°C (50°F) minimum night temperature (MNT) for 3 weeks beginning September 28, 1982. Longer shoots were produced on Rhododendron ‘PJM hybrids’ under incandescent light than under red light or natural photoperiod. Rhododendron ‘Roseum Elegans’ produced longer shoots under both light regimes than under natural photoperiod and longer shoots at 17°C (63°F) MNT than at 10°C (50°F) MNT. Neither temperature nor light treatments significantly increased the average number of breaks per plant of either cultivar. Spring growth of Rhododendron ‘Roseum Elegans’ was delayed by both red and incandescent fall light treatments, but not by the high temperature fall treatment.
Zero-contrast silicon-based metasurfaces: resonance physics and applications

We review properties of 1D and 2D resonant silicon metasurfaces based on fundamental electromagnetic resonance effects in thin periodic films. The spectral response upon transition from zero-contrast to high-contrast grating interfaces is explored. We discuss design and optimization with rigorous mathematical methods and review typical fabrication processes. New theoretical and experimental results for numerous devices are furnished. These include wideband reflectors and flat-top bandpass filters with multi-module resonant structures. The guided-mode resonance concept applies in all spectral regions, from the visible band to the microwave domain, with available low-loss materials.
Age and Hydration dependence of jowl and forearm skin firmness in young and mature women

BACKGROUND Quantitative assessment of possible linkages between skin's firmness and water content is useful for cosmetic and clinical purposes and to better understand features of advancing age. OBJECTIVES Our goals were to characterize age-related differential features in skin firmness in women and determine the relationship between skin firmness and indices of skin water. METHODS Skin firmness was quantified using handheld devices that measure the force to indent skin 0.3 and 1.3 mm (F0.3 and F1.3). Skin hydration was quantified using handheld devices that measured tissue dielectric constant (TDC) at 300 MHz to skin depths of 0.5 and 2.0-2.5 mm. All parameters were measured bilaterally in the jowl area and volar forearm of 60 women grouped by age <45 years (YOUNG) and ≥45 years old (MATURE). RESULTS All measured parameters were bilaterally symmetrical at jowl and forearm. Forearm and jowl indentation forces were greater in YOUNG with statistically significant declines with advancing age with regression relations most evident at shallower indentation depths (P < .001). Quantitative relations for arm and jowl were F0.3 = 0.256 × AGE + 32.7 mN and F0.3 = -0.07 × AGE + 17.7 mN. Firmness was related to TDC values only when indentation force and TDC were assessed on the arm at the shallowest skin depths, as weakly related to firmness and was observed to change with age only when measured to a depth of 0.5 mm represented by TDC5 = 0.096 × AGE + 32.7. CONCLUSIONS Experimental finding show clear differences in skin firmness between age-groups with skin hydration playing a minor role. Possible explanations and suggestions for further studies are provided.
Application of a Causal Discovery Algorithm to the Analysis of Arthroplasty Registry Data

Improving the quality of care for hip arthroplasty (replacement) patients requires the systematic evaluation of clinical performance of implants and the identification of “outlier” devices that hav...
Coupled structural response via fluid medium

Dynamic loading can be transferred from one structure to another via fluid media with fluid–structure interaction (FSI). Previous studies demonstrated that FSI played a critical role for polymer composite structures in contact with water because their material densities are very comparable to that of water. This paper studied the structural coupling effect through a fluid medium contained among the structures. This study was an extension of the previous experimental work reported in Kwon and Bowling (Multiscale Multidiscip Model Exp Des 1(1):69–82, 2018). Composite structural stiffness, spacing and the number of coupled structures were varied in the experiments to determine their effects. The experimental results showed that the effects of different parameters on the structural responses of couple structures were quite complex, and they have to be well understood for proper design of coupled structures via a fluid medium.
Cardiac Cell-ECM Interactions: A Possible Site for Mechanical Signaling

The cardiac interstitium is a diverse system of extracellular matrix (EMC) components organized into a stress-tolerant three-dimensional network that interconnects the cellular components of the heart. At the molecular level, the ECM is attached to cells primarily via integrin receptors which in turn connect to the cytoskeleton. This ECM-integrin-cytoskeletal linkage is thought to be important in transducing extracellular mechanical forces to the cells. While it is generally believed that integrins are involved in the initial detection of mechanical signals by cells, the subsequent steps in the responses of cells to these signals have not been well elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that stretch of cardiac fibroblasts results in a rapid but transient increase in MAPK phosphorylation. Blocking this pathway with a specific phamacological inhibitor resulted in a complete attenuation of the normally observed stretch-induced cytoskeletal and cellular realignment. The results support the notion that the MAPK pathway is involved in transducing mechanical stretch signals.
Inferring Selectional Preferences from Part-Of-Speech N-grams

We present the PONG method to compute selectional preferences using part-of-speech (POS) N-grams. From a corpus labeled with grammatical dependencies, PONG learns the distribution of word relations for each POS N-gram. From the much larger but unlabeled Google N-grams corpus, PONG learns the distribution of POS N-grams for a given pair of words. We derive the probability that one word has a given grammatical relation to the other. PONG estimates this probability by combining both distributions, whether or not either word occurs in the labeled corpus. PONG achieves higher average precision on 16 relations than a state-of-the-art baseline in a pseudo-disambiguation task, but lower coverage and recall.
Structure of the Organic Matrix: Collagen Structure (Chemical)

Collagen is the major constituent of the organic matrix of bone in that it accounts for about 3 0% of its dry weight and 90 to 95% of its nonmineral content (see (14)). Of the proteins found in nature, collagen is one of the largest. In terms of structure and function, it is among the simplest. In contrast, its biosynthesis is complex in that the initial RNA transcripts of the genes must be extensively processed in order to generate the functional mRNAs which are used for translation. Also, the polypeptides first synthesized on ribosomes must undergo extensive post-translational processing before the protein can be assembled into an extracellular collagen fiber. (For reviews see (2,11,13); additional references cited here are to a few recent papers not included in these reviews.)
Calibration of neutron correlation counters by calorimetry and gamma-ray measurements

The use of transportable calorimeters and gamma-ray isotopics systems for in-field assay of plutonium for safeguard purposes is well established. The authors have coupled the use of calorimetric assay with neutron correlation counting. The combination has been used in five in-field measurement exercises on a variety of sample types. The results of the measurements are presented, and different approaches to the analysis and interpretation of the data are discussed. With the increase in the number of gamma-ray measurements required to support calorimetry and neutron counting, an improvement in the gamma-ray through-put was required. The in-field gamma-ray assay system was modified to accommodate commercially available high count rate (approx.50-kHz) acquisition of gamma-ray spectral data. The use of this equipment and its impact on calorimetric assay are also presented.
Distinguishing Group Privacy From Personal Privacy: The Effect of Group Inference Technologies on Privacy Perceptions and Behaviors

Machine learning and data mining threaten personal privacy, and many tools exist to help users protect their privacy (e.g., available privacy settings on Facebook, anonymization and encryption of personal data, etc.). But such technologies also pose threats to "group privacy," which is a concept scholars know relatively little about. Moreover, there are few tools to address the problem of protecting group privacy. This paper discusses an emerging class of software applications and services that pose new risks to group privacy by revealing group-level information based on individual information, such as social media postings or fitness app usage. The paper describes the results of two experiments that empirically establish the concept of group privacy and shows that it affects user perceptions of and interactions with information technology. The findings serve as a call to developers to design tools for group privacy protection.
Understanding Black Students' Social Agency at Historically Black Colleges: Data From a National Survey

This manuscript considers the political attitudes of Black students at Historically Black Colleges & Universities using a 2015 sample of first-year respondents. In response to this special issue’s call to consider issues of student protest at Minority Serving Institutions, our manuscript offers empirical evidence on students’ political dispositions at Historically Black Colleges & Universities. Indeed, understanding the civic dispositions and political ideologies of Black students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities is not only a timely topic, but also a necessary one if we are to understand the future political engagement of an increasingly diverse nation (Lefever, 2005; Williamson, 2008).
Measurement of Delamination Fracture Energy Using Stepped Laminates

Delamination is often the mode of failure in laminated composites. Therefore the quantification of delamination fracture energy is of vital importance. In this work, externally stepped graphite/epo...
Marked increase in serum bilirubin in sickle cell anemia. A report of 6 patients.

Six patients with sickle cell anemia developed extremely high levels of serum bilirubin. In 4 instances, the elevated levels occurred during an episode of viral hepatitis. Two cases occurred at the time of common bile duct obstruction. The heavy burden of pigment resulting from increased red cell destruction was thought to lead to extreme hyperbilirubinemia, when combined with acute hepatic damage or common bile duct obstruction. Under similar circumstances, increased hemolysis from any cause may lead to markedly elevated levels of serum bilirubin.
Sitting skill and the emergence of arms‐free sitting affects the frequency of object looking and exploration

The development of sitting changes how much infants are able to explore objects. Infants who can sit with their arms free are likely to explore their environment more effectively than prop sitters, as their hands are free to explore. We sought to quantify how prop sitters differed in the amount of visual and manual exploration of objects from arms-free sitters. Infants younger than 7 months (n = 31) were recruited at sitting emergence, either prop or arms-free sitting without the ability to change positions. Infants were grouped into sitting stages at baseline: prop (n = 17) or wobbly/arms-free (n = 14). Across three visits (baseline, 3 weeks later, 6-8 weeks later), researchers assessed the infants' total gross motor skill, sitting skill, and object looking and active exploration. Infants' gross motor and sitting skill was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-66 total scores and GMFM-88 sitting dimension scores. While researchers supported infants in sitting, object looking and exploration were assessed using a series of three object exploration tasks and scoring modified slightly from the Early Problem Solving Indicator at each visit. Differences between trajectories of prop and wobbly/arms-free sitters for the frequencies of two behaviors, looks and explores, were analyzed using longitudinal multilevel modeling. Prop sitters initially explored toys less frequently, but increased their exploration more quickly, than wobbly/arms-free sitters. Sitting skill predicted minor changes in the development of looking; both stage and skill predicted changes uniquely in the development of exploration. These findings suggest that independent, arms-free sitting changes how capable infants are of exploring objects visually and manually.
LIPs: A Protocol for Leadership Incentives for Heterogeneous and Dynamic Platoons

With the ever-increasing problems of higher fuel costs and greater traffic congestion, shipping and long-distance travel via interstates and highways continues to become more expensive in terms of time and money. With the advent of semi-and fully-autonomous vehicles, platooning is designed to decrease the amount of fuel used and decrease the space between vehicles to help lower costs and reduce congestion. While much work has been done regarding predetermined platoons with homogeneous vehicles, less work has been done dealing with dynamic and heterogeneous platoons. Dynamic platooning with heterogeneous vehicles open a new horizon of problems with the introduction of several extra variables including dynamic platoon creation and management, untrusted users, differences in vehicle mechanics, and differences in fuel savings. One major problem facing dynamic, heterogeneous platooning is the leadership forfeiture abuse. Because there are currently no incentives for vehicles to lead in these platoons and the savings are much better when being a follower, it is more advantageous for a leader to forfeit their position and step down to become a follower and gain more benefits. In this paper, therefore, we propose a protocol, named as Leadership Incentives for Platoons (LIPs), which is suitable for dynamic platooning with heterogeneous vehicles. While the protocol provides a payment system that incentivizes individuals to lead, it is designed and implemented using the blockchain technology to offer a distributed secure environment for untrusted vehicles to interact. We demonstrate the application of the proposed protocol on a synthetic case study and evaluate the protocol by analyzing the time required for platooning operations/transactions as well as performing a usability test on a potential user group.
Using Computational Flow Imaging to Optimize Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Measurements of an Isolator Shock Train

Filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS) is a laser diagnostic where the intensity of elastically scattered light is measured after it passes through a molecular absorption filter. The filter removes background interference that overwhelms the relatively weak scattering from the gas molecules. However, with a filter, the measured light intensity depends on many of the scattering gas properties, including pressure, density, temperature, and velocity. In this work, CFD simulations of an isolator shock train flow field are input into a physics-based model to predict the values of FRS intensity measurements in a proposed experiment. The goal is to evaluate if a simplistic FRS setup (that utilizes one camera, laser, and absorption filter) can be used to accurately quantify number density despite the fact that the scattered light intensity also depends on other gas properties. It is found that the experimental setup can be optimized such that a linear relationship describes the number density with an average prediction error of 2%. The vast majority of the flow exhibits prediction errors of less than 3%, but small regions of the flow reach up to 11% error. A sensitivity analysis shows that the prediction error increases with the central wavelength of the incident laser light and decreases with the angle between the camera and laser propagation directions. The optimal experimental parameters are chosen based on a compromise between the prediction error, spatial resolution, and the amount of unfiltered light. In the future, the proposed FRS setup will be implemented to acquire new and valuable information on an isolator shock train, a flow field that has been traditionally studied using wall static pressure measurements and path-integrated visualization techniques, such as schlieren and shadowgraphy.
In praise of voluntary solitude: the “fertile void” and its role in communication and relationships

This essay reviews the extant literature on solitude – and its related concepts – and argues that, time alone, when done with volition, can be seen as an intentional act that may affect a range of ...
Gender differences in grief narrative construction: a myth or reality?

ABSTRACTBackground: Narratives play a central role in the recovery process following death, and linguistic properties of grief narratives can serve as indicators of adjustment to loss. The present ...
Metrics of Diabetes Risk Are Only Minimally Improved by Exercise Training in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors.

CONTEXT Insulin resistance is a risk factor for breast cancer recurrence. How exercise training changes fasting and postglucose insulin resistance in breast cancer survivors is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate exercise-induced changes in postglucose ingestion insulin concentrations, insulin resistance, and their associations with cancer-relevant biomarkers in breast cancer survivors. SETTING The University of Massachusetts Kinesiology Department. PARTICIPANTS 15 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors not meeting the physical activity guidelines (150 min/week of exercise). INTERVENTION A supervised 12-week aerobic exercise program (60 min/day, 3-4 days/week). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postglucose ingestion insulin was determined by peak insulin and area under the insulin curve (iAUC) during a 5-sample oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity was estimated from the Matsuda composite insulin sensitivity index (C-ISI). Changes in fitness and body composition were determined from submaximal VO2peak and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Participants averaged 156.8 ± 16.6 min/week of supervised exercise. Estimated VO2peak significantly increased (+2.8 ± 1.4 mL/kg/min, P < .05) and body weight significantly decreased (-1.1 ± 0.8 kg, P < .05) following the intervention. There were no differences in fasting insulin, iAUC, C-ISI, or peak insulin following the intervention. Insulin was only significantly lower 120 min following glucose consumption (68.8 ± 34.5 vs 56.2 ± 31.9 uU/mL, P < .05), and there was a significant interaction with past/present aromatase inhibitor (AI) use for peak insulin (-11.99 non-AI vs +13.91 AI uU/mL) and iAUC (-24.03 non-AI vs +32.73 AI uU/mL). CONCLUSIONS Exercise training had limited overall benefits on insulin concentrations following glucose ingestion in breast cancer survivors but was strongly influenced by AI use.
Real-world evidence on sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use and risk of Fournier’s gangrene

Background Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been associated with increased occurrence of Fournier’s gangrene (FG), a rare but serious form of necrotizing fasciitis, leading to a warning from the Food and Drug Administration. Real-world evidence on FG is needed to validate this warning. Methods We used data from IBM MarketScan (2013–2017) to compare the incidence of FG among adult patients who initiated either SGLT2i, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i), or any non-SGLT2i antihyperglycemic medication. FG was defined using inpatient International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition and Tenth Edition diagnosis codes 608.83 and N49.3, respectively, combined with procedure codes for debridement, surgery, or systemic antibiotics. We estimated crude incidence rates (IRs) using Poisson regression, and crude and adjusted HRs (aHR) and 95% CIs using standardized mortality ratio-weighted Cox proportional hazards models. Sensitivity analyses examined the impact of alternative outcome definitions. Results We identified 211 671 initiators of SGLT2i (n=93 197) and DPP4i (n=118 474), and 305 329 initiators of SGLT2i (n=32 868) and non-SGLT2i (n=272 461). Crude FG IR ranged from 3.2 to 3.8 cases per 100 000 person-years during a median follow-up of 0.51–0.58 years. Compared with DPP4i, SGLT2i initiation was not associated with increased risk of FG for any outcome definition, with aHR estimates ranging from 0.25 (0.04–1.74) to 1.14 (0.86–1.51). In the non-SGLT2i comparison, we observed an increased risk of FG for SGLT2i initiators when using FG diagnosis codes alone, using all diagnosis settings (aHR 1.80; 0.53–6.11) and inpatient diagnoses only (aHR 4.58; 0.99–21.21). Conclusions No evidence of increased risk of FG associated with SGLT2i was observed compared with DPP4i, arguably the most relevant clinical comparison. However, uncertainty remains based on potentially higher risk in the broader comparison with all non-SGLT2i antihyperglycemic agents and the rarity of FG. Trial registration number EUPAS Register Number 30018.
Superior Cavopulmonary Connection: Its Physiology, Limitations, and Anesthetic Implications:

The superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) or "bidirectional Glenn" is an integral, intermediate stage in palliation of single ventricle patients to the Fontan procedure. The procedure, normally performed at 3 to 6 months of life, increases effective pulmonary blood flow and reduces the ventricular volume load in patients with single ventricle (parallel circulation) physiology. While the SCPC, with or without additional sources of pulmonary blood flow, cannot be considered a long-term palliation strategy, there are a subset of patients who require SCPC palliation for a longer interval than the typical patient. In this article, we will review the physiology of SCPC, the consequences of prolonged SCPC palliation, and modes of failure. We will also discuss strategies to augment pulmonary blood flow in the presence of an SCPC. The anesthetic considerations in SCPC patients will also be discussed, as these patients may present for noncardiac surgery from infancy to adulthood.
School-Based Clinicians Sustained Use of a Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Anxiety Disorders

Dissemination and use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), the primary evidence-based psychosocial treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders, in school settings has been slow, occurring primarily in the context of randomized controlled trials (RCT). No data are available on the sustained use of CBT by school clinicians after research support ends. Filling this gap, the current study examined clinicians: (1) recall and attitudes toward a modular CBT (M-CBT), (2) sustained use of anxiety screening measures, (3) sustained use of M-CBT and modifications made, (4) perceived reasons and barriers to sustained use and (5) an exploratory examination of predictors of the sustained use of M-CBT. Participants included 43 school-based clinicians (77% of those originally trained in an RCT; 90% female, 73% White) who were contacted 3.43 years after their initial training to complete an online sustainability questionnaire. The results indicated that while most clinicians recalled and had positive attitudes about the M-CBT training (90%), 63% reported they continued to use M-CBT and a majority made modifications to the content, length and format. Predictors of the sustained use, based on 22 single predictor regression models, included greater perceived acceptability and benefits (for youth and clinicians) of the intervention and lower perceived difficulty of administering M-CBT components. Fewer administrative demands were also associated with greater sustained use. Findings suggest that additional efforts are needed to enhance the sustained use of M-CBT for anxiety in school settings. Targeting specific aspects of the intervention materials (difficulty, benefits) as well as lowering administrative demands might facilitate the sustained use of M-CBT by school clinicians.
Survival of women diagnosed with breast cancer and who have survived a previous cancer

Many women diagnosed with breast cancer have survived previous cancer; yet little is known about the impact of previous cancer on overall and cancer-specific survival. This population-based cohort study using SEER-Medicare data included women (age ≥ 66 years) diagnosed with breast cancer between 2005 and 2015. Separately by breast cancer stage, we estimated effect of previous cancer on overall survival using Cox regression and on cause-specific survival using competing risk regression; all survival analyses adjusted for covariates. Of 138,576 women diagnosed with breast cancer, 8% had a previous cancer of another organ site, most commonly colorectal or uterine cancer or melanoma. Many of these women (46.3%) were diagnosed within 5 years of breast cancer. For all breast cancer stages except IV wherein there was no difference, women with vs. without previous cancer had worse overall survival. This survival disadvantage was driven by deaths due to the previous cancer and other causes. In contrast, women with previous cancer generally had favorable breast-cancer-specific survival, although this varied by stage. Overall survival varied by previous cancer type, timing, and stage; previous lung cancer, cancer diagnosed within 1 year of incident breast cancer, and previous cancer at a distant stage were associated with the worst survival. In contrast, women with a previous melanoma had equivalent overall survival to women without previous cancer. We observed variable impact of previous cancer on overall and breast-cancer-specific survival depending on breast cancer stage at diagnosis and the type, timing, and stage of previous cancer.
Correlates of HPV Vaccination Intentions Among Adults Ages 27–45 Years Old in the U.S.

HPV vaccine is recommended for 27–45 year olds in the U.S. based on a shared clinical decision. This study examined knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of adults 27–45 years old and the association with the likelihood of asking a healthcare provider about the HPV vaccine and the likelihood of getting the HPV vaccine. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults aged 27–45 years between April–May 2020 (n = 691). Primary outcomes were likelihood of asking their provider about the HPV vaccine and likelihood of getting the HPV vaccine. Demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs were covariates. Adjusted models were estimated for each outcome variable with a Poisson distribution and log function. More than half (55.7%) were likely to ask their provider about the HPV vaccine, but less than half (42.9%) were likely to get the HPV vaccine. Likelihood of asking their provider about the HPV vaccine was significantly associated with perceived likelihood of benefitting from the vaccine (aOR = 2.45; 95%CI = 1.69–3.57). Likelihood of receiving the vaccine was associated with attitudes (aOR = 1.04; 95%CI = 1.01–1.07), perceived effectiveness against HPV infection (aOR = 4.03; 95%CI = 1.20–13.53), and perceived likelihood of benefitting from the vaccine (aOR = 4.31; 95%CI = 2.64–7.03). Our findings suggest increasing positive attitudes, perceived effectiveness against infection, and perceived likelihood of benefitting from the vaccination are important factors to address when facilitating a shared clinical decision for HPV vaccination. Understanding factors associated with likelihood of discussing and receiving the HPV vaccine among people aged 27–45 years is important to successfully implement the guidelines for shared clinical decision-making.
An optimized NGS sample preparation protocol for in vitro CRISPR screens

Summary This standardized protocol describes the preparation of PCR amplified and purified samples from human cell lines passaged and collected from CRISPR screening. High-quality samples can be used to perform next-generation sequencing (NGS) to uncover changes in sgRNA abundance from the timepoint at which library-transduced cells are selected to the timepoint when the screen is ended. Here, we describe proper calculation methods for library representation and show how to overcome potential issues often encountered by researchers. For complete information on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wohlhieter et al. (2020) .
Cult of the Irrelevant: The Waning Influence of Social Science on National Security: Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 351 pp., $35.00, ISBN 9780691181219, Publication Date: January 2019

Michael C. Desch is a professor of International Relations at Notre Dame. He directs the school’s International Security Center and has chaired its department of political science. His book argues ...
Epidemiological Factors Influencing Organ Donation Following Brain Death (P5.9-049)

Objective: In our study, we sought to determine which epidemiologic factors contributed to successful organ donation following a diagnosis of brain death. Background: Brain death is defined as the irreversible loss of all brain stem function. This condition is epidemiologically significant as patients with the condition become eligible for organ donation once diagnosed. Despite being referred for organ donation, however, many patients do not undergo successful transplant due to poor candidacy or refusal of family members to agree to organ donation after the declaration of brain death has been made. The socioeconomic factors underlying progression to successful organ donation after brain death are poorly described. Design/Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all identifiable patients in our institution who were diagnosed with brain death from 2008 to 2018. We analyzed epidemiologic factors including age, race/ethnicity, sex, religion, and average household income (calculated by zip code data) to determine which of these factors were associated with successful organ donation following a diagnosis of brain death. T test and Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used to compare these factors between the groups, followed by logistic regression. Results: A total of 139 patients were included in the study. Of these, 87 patients ultimately underwent successful organ donation, while 52 of the patients did not. There was no significant difference in race/ethnicity, sex, and religion. A significant difference was noted between the two groups with regard to age (p=0.04) and income (p=0.04). Younger and more wealthy patients were more likely to undergo successful organ donation. Conclusions: Our study ultimately reveals that older and less wealthy patients are less likely to undergo organ donation compared with their younger and more wealthy counterparts. Further research should be directed towards identifying why these epidemiologic groups donate at lower rates. Disclosure: Dr. Green has nothing to disclose. Dr. Liu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ouyang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Birch has nothing to disclose.
Association of the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes Project With Use of Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment Among US Adults With Hepatitis C.

Importance Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications are highly effective in treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, use of DAAs in rural and underserved areas is low owing to limited access to specialist physicians with experience in care of HCV infection. Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) is a distance education model that trains primary care physicians to improve access to care for underserved populations with complex diseases such as HCV infection. Evidence on whether Project ECHO is associated with increased DAA use is limited. Objective To examine the association between Project ECHO and use of DAA treatment in patients with HCV infection. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from Medicare beneficiaries who newly sought care for HCV infection between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed between September and December 2020. Exposures Project ECHO. Main Outcomes and Measures Use of DAA treatment. Discrete-time hazard models with state and year fixed effects were used to examine the association between Project ECHO and DAA use in rural areas and areas with low specialist density. Results A total of 267 908 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.7 [11.5] years; 57.9% male; 66.6% White patients) were included in the analysis. For every 100 clinicians attending a Project ECHO training, the odds of DAA treatment initiation among patients with HCV infection increased by 9% (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.07-1.11;P Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, implementation of Project ECHO was associated with increased DAA use in areas with few specialist physicians, suggesting that Project ECHO may enhance access to DAA treatment through expanding the capacity of primary care physicians to treat HCV infection, especially in underserved areas.
The Direct vs. the Sequential Approach in Project Management

I study a dynamic principal-agent problem where there are two routes of completing a project: directly attacking the project (a direct approach) or splitting the project into two subprojects (a sequential approach). The sequential approach allows the principal to better monitor the agent by checking the completion of the subproject. However, the inflexible nature of this approach may generate ineffciencies. In addition, when the agent is under time pressure, it is harder to achieve multiple goals sequentially than to accomplish a single goal directly. The optimal contract is determined by the interplay of these three economic forces: monitoring, effciency, and time pressure. I show that the form of the optimal contract depends crucially on the project size. This finding explains why the direct approach is popular for small-sized projects whereas the sequential approach is more common for larger ones.
Uptake of Free HPV Vaccination among Young Women: A Comparison of Rural versus Urban Rates.

Purpose: To contrast rates of initial HPV vaccine uptake, offered at no cost, between a rural clinic, a rural community college, and an urban college clinic and to identify rural versus urban differences in uptake of free booster doses. Methods: Young rural women attending rural clinics (n = 246), young women attending a rural community college (n = 251) and young women attending an urban university health clinic (n = 209) were recruited in Kentucky. After completing a brief questionnaire, women received a free voucher for HPV vaccination. Whether women redeemed the voucher for the initial dose of vaccine served as the study outcome variable. Findings: In controlled analyses, the contrast in initial uptake between urban clinic women (reference category) and rural college women was significant (P < .0001). However, the contrast in initial uptake between urban clinic women (reference category) and rural clinic women was not significant (P = .42). The model predicting uptake of subsequent doses among those with initial uptake (n = 235) also indicated significant differences as a function of recruitment location, with rural clinic women being about 7 times more likely than urban clinic women (P < .0001) to not return for at least 1 follow-up dose. The contrast between urban clinic women and rural college women was also significant (P = .014). Conclusion: Initial uptake of free HPV vaccination among young rural college women may be problematic. Moreover, uptake of subsequent free doses among rural women may be problematic regardless of whether contact is made in a clinic or through college recruitment.
Independent Component Analysis: Theory and Applications

Abstract. Preface. Acknowledgments. List of Figures. List of Tables. Abbreviations and Symbols. Introduction. Part I: Independent Component Analysis: Theory. 1. Basics. 2. Independent Component Analysis. 3. A Unifying Information-Theoretic Framework for ICA. 4. Blind Separation of Time-Delayed and Convolved Sources. 5. ICA Using Overcomplete Representations. 6. First Steps towards Nonlinear ICA. Part II: Independent Component Analysis: Applications. 7. Biomedical Applications of ICA. 8. ICA for Feature Extraction. 9. Unsupervised Classification with ICA Mixture Models. 10. Conclusions and Future Research. Bibliography. About the Author. Index.
Cases or Roles

A further concern for the student of discourse is the notional structure of predications since these are, in a sense, the atomic entities of discourse. In this chapter a set of cases or roles is posited with a view toward the case frames and classification of verbs which are presented in the next chapter. Ultimately, the relation of case grammar (so-called) to discourse is best seen in the following chapter.
Studies on rat liver ribonucleases. II. Zonal centrifugation of acid ribonuclease; implications for the heterogeneity of lysosomes.

Abstract Results obtained by zonal gradient centrifugations demonstrated that rat liver lysosomes are heterogeneous in terms of their enzyme contents. It is suggested that acid phosphatase and cathepsin C on one hand, and acid ribonuclease and cathepsin D on the other, belong to two different classes of “lysosomes”.
Laminarization of a turbulent boundary layer in nozzle flow.

Turbulent boundary layer laminarization in conical nozzle flow, measuring velocity profiles and friction coefficient
Behavioral Modernity and the Cultural Transmission of Structured Information: The Semantic Axelrod Model

Cultural transmission models are coming to the fore in explaining increases in the Paleolithic toolkit richness and diversity. During the later Paleolithic, technologies increase not only in terms of diversity but also in their complexity and interdependence. As Mesoudi and O’Brien (Biolog Theory 3:63–72, 2008) have shown, selection broadly favors social learning of information that is hierarchical and structured. We believe that teaching provides the necessary scaffolding for transmission of more complex cultural traits. Here, we introduce an extension of the Axelrod (J Confl Resolut 41:203–226, 1997) model of cultural differentiation in which traits have prerequisite relationships, and where social learning is dependent upon the ordering of those prerequisites. We examine the resulting structure of cultural repertoires as learning environments range from largely unstructured imitation, to structured teaching of necessary prerequisites, and we find that in combination with individual learning and innovation, high probabilities of teaching prerequisites leads to richer cultural repertoires. Our results point to ways in which we can build more comprehensive explanations of the archaeological record of the Paleolithic as well as other cases of technological change.
Liza Dalby. Kimono: Fashioning Culture.

Kimono: Fashioning Culture, LIZA DALBY. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. xi. 384 pp. 200 b/w illus. 12 pages of color illus., notes, bibliography, glossary, index. $30.00 (cloth).
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: evaluation of reported cases.

Abstract Purpose: We present the cases of 4 patients with clear cell odontogenic carcinoma and a contrasting case of a patient with a calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor from Massachusetts General Hospital. Differential diagnosis, distinguishing characteristics, and data from 32 cases in the literature are also reported. Because this rare tumor behaves aggressively with both regional and distant spread, a better understanding of its biologic behavior is imperative. Patients and Methods: The 4 patients with clear cell odontogenic carcinoma were women and had an average age of 65 years (range, 40 to 77 years). Three tumors were in the posterior mandible and 1 was in the maxilla. Three patients complained of pain; bony expansion and tooth mobility were noted in isolated cases. A comparison is made with other reported cases, and factors associated with recurrence and survival are presented. Results: All patients were treated with resection, and 1 patient received postoperative radiotherapy. Two patients with positive surgical margins underwent further resection. All patients have been followed an average of 2 years (range, 0.5 to 4 years) and presently have no evident disease. Conclusions: Recognition of this unusual tumor and differentiating it from other clear cell neoplasms is critical in developing an appropriate treatment plan. Management should include wide en bloc resection and long-term follow-up. © 2003 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:580-586, 2003