cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reward Dysfunction in the Manic Spectrum: Unable to Win? The Use of Biographical Information to Refine Neurobiological Modeling.

Objective The manic spectrum is thought to be characterized by a hypersensitive biobehavioral reward system, the behavioral activation system. Evidence for this framework comes from questionnaire-based, self-report data collected in cross-sectional and prospective studies of mania, mania in remission, and proneness to hypomania, and from functional neuroimaging investigations of brain reward circuit activity during incentivized choice protocols. Although heightened reward anticipation is consistently documented, the status of later goal attainment activity, hedonic responses, and satiety reactions is less clear. This report examines the status of such reward receipt processes as they operate in the manic spectrum. Methods A case report of a typical subject with bipolar II disorder with a hyperthymic temperament is presented using longitudinal, biographical data. Results Diminished reward receipt, pleasure, and satiety were demonstrated indicating impaired hedonic processing in hyperthymic temperament. This impairment indicates a dissociation between early, intensified reward pursuit processes and later, blunted, reward attainment activity. Conclusions The experience and neural correlates of hedonic processing may be impaired in the manic spectrum. Possible mechanisms for this impairment and its dissociation from the earlier stage of reward processing characterized by hyperactive reward pursuit are considered. Clinical reports and longitudinal, life-based follow-up can provide important data to supplement more experimentally based neurobiological models of reward dysfunction in bipolar disorders.
Workplace environment and payout policy

Abstract Firms that encounter lawsuits are subject to unforeseen costs when a case is ruled in favor of the plaintiff. We examine the impact of lawsuits brought against firms and whether this affects the firms’ dividend policy, using unique hand-collected datasets of employee litigations and disputes that include court settlements for employee dispute cases in the United States. We find that lawsuits lower a firm’s payout ratio, and an increase in lawsuits for a firm lowers the likelihood of the firm to pay out dividends. The payout ratio also declines for firms following a litigation year: this effect of a lower payout ratio is more pronounced for smaller firms. These findings provide evidence that firms adjust their dividend policy when facing employee lawsuits.
Harassment at conferences: will #MeToo momentum translate to real change?

At the time of writing, the reach of #MeToo continues unfolding. Frank revelations about experiences of sexual harassment and sexual assault reach well into the academic sphere, with stories emergi...
Don Draper and the Enduring Appeal of Antonioni’s La Notte

Hoffman goes beyond earlier, more superficial, analyses comparing the films of Michelangelo Antonioni to the life of Mad Men’s protagonist, Don Draper, to determine why Draper identifies Antonioni’s La Notte as one of his favourite films. Specifically, the chapter argues that, for Draper, La Notte reinforces an artistic and professional struggle he endures throughout the series: whether he should risk failure and preserve artistic integrity by telling unconventional stories or conform to the derivative narrative demands of advertising. Further, La Notte accentuates a bond between Don Draper and Mad Men’s creator, Matthew Weiner, who faces a similar challenge writing for television. The chapter presents Mad Men as an overtly autobiographical meta-text on the pleasure and pain that comes with telling unconventional stories.
Marburg virus pathogenesis - differences and similarities in humans and animal models

Marburg virus (MARV) is a highly pathogenic virus associated with severe disease and mortality rates as high as 90%. Outbreaks of MARV are sporadic, deadly, and often characterized by a lack of resources and facilities to diagnose and treat patients. There are currently no approved vaccines or treatments, and the chaotic and infrequent nature of outbreaks, among other factors, makes testing new countermeasures during outbreaks ethically and logistically challenging. Without field efficacy studies, researchers must rely on animal models of MARV infection to assess the efficacy of vaccines and treatments, with the limitations being the accuracy of the animal model in recapitulating human pathogenesis. This review will compare various animal models to the available descriptions of human pathogenesis and aims to evaluate their effectiveness in modeling important aspects of Marburg virus disease.
Using Fluridone Herbicide Systems for Weed Control in Texas Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.): Herbicides used in cotton production in Texas

Studies were conducted during 2015 through 2018 in south-central, Coastal Bend, and Southern High Plains areas of Texas to evaluate fluridone herbicide systems for weed control and cotton response. Fluridone alone at 0.17 to 0.23 kg ai ha-1 followed by postemergence (POST) herbicides controlled Amaranthus Palmeri 82 to 100% season-long while Cucumis melo control ranged from 92 to 100%. Control of Urochloa Texana with fluridone alone ranged from 40 to 96% early-season while late-season control ranged from 37 to 96%. Fluridone plus fomesafen systems controlled A. Palmeri, C. Melo, and U. Texana at least 98% early season; however, late-season control of A. Palmeri was less than 70% while C. Melo control was 91% and U. Texana control was 80%. Adding a POST application of glyphosate to fluridone plus fomesafen improved control to at least 98% for all three weed species. Fluridone plus fluometuron combinations provided similar control to fluridone plus fomesafen. Adding glyphosate (POST) improved A. Palmeri control to at least 82% season-long. Cotton yields reflect the level of weed control with significantly better yields from fluridone systems compared with the weedy check. However, in the one year when the untreated was maintained weed-free, no differences in cotton yield were noted between the weed-free and any herbicide treatment.
Automated risk assessment for material movement in manufacturing

Abstract: Proximity movements between vehicles transporting materials in manufacturing plants, or “interfaces”, result in occupational injuries and fatalities. Risk assessment for interfaces is currently limited to techniques such as safety audits, originally designed for static environments. A data-driven alternative for dynamic environments is desirable to quantify interface risks and to enable the development of effective countermeasures. We present a method to estimate the Risk Prioritization Number (RPN) for mobile vehicle interfaces in manufacturing environments, based on the Probability-Severity-Detectability (PSD) formulation. The highlight of the method is the estimation of the probability of occurrence (P) of vehicle interfaces using machine learning and computer vision techniques. A PCA-based sparse feature vector for machine learning characterizes vehicle geometry from a top-down perspective. Supervised classification on sparse feature vectors using Support Vector Machines (SVMs) is employed to detect vehicles. Computer vision techniques are used for position tracking to identify interfaces and to calculate their probability of occurrence (P). This leads to an automated calculation of RPN based on the PSD formulation. Experimental data is collected in the laboratory using a sample work area layout and scale versions of vehicles. Vehicle interfaces and movements were physically simulated to train and test the machine learning model. The performance of the automated system is compared with human annotation to validate the approach.
Skottsberg (1907–1917)

The Swedish botanist, Carl Skottsberg, made three expeditions to the Juan Fernandez Archipelago: eight days in 1907–1908; five months in 1916–1917; and three months in 1954–1955 (at age 74). The first trip so fascinated Skottsberg that he planned and successfully executed the second major expedition, from which came most of his scientific contributions. He collected all sorts of objects and information that were sent to many collaborators, especially in Europe. Results from these investigations were edited by Skottsberg and published in three volumes as The Natural History of the Juan Fernandez and Easter Island. His third trip was designed for comparisons of the flora and vegetation from his second trip. Skottsberg’s extensive plant collecting resulted in new species and a comprehensive inventory of the vascular flora. He built upon previous publications, especially of Johow, but Skottsberg analyzed the flora and vegetation at a more detailed level. He also studied the introduced species, which by 1954 had become more conspicuous and problematical. Skottsberg was concerned with the loss of plant diversity as a result of direct and indirect human activities. He witnessed the last tree of the endemic sandalwood, Santalum fernandezianum, which had gone extinct by 1916.
Single-Cell Analysis of Neonatal HSC Ontogeny Reveals Gradual and Uncoordinated Transcriptional Reprogramming that Begins before Birth.

Summary Fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have distinct proliferation rates, lineage biases, gene expression profiles, and gene dependencies. Although these differences are widely recognized, it is not clear how the transition from fetal to adult identity is coordinated. Here we show that murine HSCs and committed hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) undergo a gradual, rather than precipitous, transition from fetal to adult transcriptional states. The transition begins prior to birth and is punctuated by a late prenatal spike in type I interferon signaling that promotes perinatal HPC expansion and sensitizes progenitors to the leukemogenic FLT3ITD mutation. Most other changes in gene expression and enhancer activation are imprecisely timed and poorly coordinated. Thus, heterochronic enhancer elements, and their associated transcripts, are activated independently of one another rather than as part of a robust network. This simplifies the regulatory programs that guide neonatal HSC/HPC ontogeny, but it creates heterogeneity within these populations.
Effect of an In-Plane Magnetic Field on the Interlayer Phase Coherence in the Extreme-2D Organic Superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2

Using a high-sensitivity cavity perturbation technique (40 to 180 GHz), we have probed the angle dependent interlayer magneto-electrodynamic response within the vortex state of the extreme two-dimensional organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2. A previously reported Josephson plasma resonance [M. Mola et al., Phys. Rev.B62, 5965 (2000)] exhibits a dramatic re-entrant behavior for fields very close (< 1°) to alignment with the layers. In this same narrow angle range, a new resonant mode develops which appears to be associated with the non-equilibrium critical state. Fits to the angle dependence of the Josephson plasma resonance provide microscopic information concerning the superconducting phase correlation function within the vortex state. We also show that the effect of an in-plane magnetic field on the temperature dependence of the interlayer phase coherence is quite different from what we have previously observed for perpendicular magnetic fields.
Technical Features of Slopes for Curriculum-Based Measures of Secondary Writing

Compared to other content areas, there is a dearth of research examining curriculum-based measurement of writing (CBM-W). This study conducted a conceptual replication examining the reliability, st...
Een carrière als sociaal geneeskundige: een optie voor de huidige geneeskundestudent?

Met een retrospectief, beschrijvend onderzoek wilden we inzicht verkrijgen in de belangstelling voor en de bekendheid met de beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts onder geneeskundestudenten. Tevens wilden we weten welk beeld van deze beroepen bestaat, en in hoeverre dat beeld overeenkomt met het gewenste beroepsbeeld van aanstaand arts. Alle studenten geneeskunde van Amsterdam UMC, locatie VUmc, werden in 2009 en 2019 op de laatste dag van het coschap sociale geneeskunde gevraagd een identieke vragenlijst in te vullen over hun voorkeur voor de beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts. Tevens werd gevraagd naar de mate van aantrekkelijkheid van diverse kenmerken van het toekomstige beroep van arts en in hoeverre deze kenmerken van toepassing zijn op de beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts. In 2019 werden 145 studenten bereid gevonden deel te nemen aan dit onderzoek (2009: 125 studenten). De beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts zijn niet erg populair onder studenten geneeskunde. De belangstelling voor de beroepen van bedrijfsarts en verzekeringsarts lijkt de laatste tien jaar licht toegenomen, maar die voor jeugdarts lijkt wat achter te blijven. Studenten hebben ook weinig kennis van de inhoud van deze beroepen. De meeste kenmerken die studenten aantrekkelijk vinden voor hun latere beroepsoefening zijn niet van toepassing op de beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts. Een betere beeldvorming van de beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts in de geneeskundeopleiding is wenselijk, naast een aantrekkelijker beroepsbeeld van deze beroepen om voldoende instroom in het werkveld van de sociale geneeskunde in de nabije toekomst te waarborgen.
Backtesting for Counterparty Credit Risk

The paper includes our recent findings on the backtesting for the EPE model to obtain the internal-model method approval. The challenge on the EPE backtesting is to obtain the statistical appealing threshold for overlapping horizons. We obtain the empirical thresholds using the random number skipping technique and obtain a model penalty function to investigate the model performance in the backtesting history.
FIRST BITE SYNDROME - An Underrecognized and Underdiagnosed Pain Complication After Temporomandibular Joint Surgery.

Abstract Purpose : First bite syndrome (FBS) can develop after head and neck surgical procedures.The aim of this study is to identify patients diagnosed with FSB after temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery, including their pain characteristics and risk factors for FBS. Methods : Using a retrospective study design, a cohort of 24 patients with confirmed diagnosis of FBS were identified from the oral and maxillofacial surgery and orofacial pain (OFP) practices at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Research Patient Data Registry (RPDR) between 1975- 2019. The inclusion criteria were facial pain that was triggered by taste stimulus only and followed by a refractory period until the next gustatory stimulus. Results : Of the 24 patients identified, 19 had undergone TMJ surgery, 3 patients had idiopathic FBS, 1 had a parapharyngeal space tumor and 1 developed FBS after facial burns. In the surgical patients, the median duration of onset was 2.75 months post-surgery. Most patients reported pain in the parotid region. Pain was only triggered by a taste stimulus and subsided with subsequent bites of food. 2 patients underwent spontaneous resolution of their symptoms and 1 reported complete resolution with onabotulinum toxin A (BTX) injections. Anxiety and depression were the most common comorbid conditions. Conclusion : FBS is an underrecognized pain complication in TMJ surgery patients. A precise history and accurate description of the pain is necessary for correct diagnosis which is important for improved treatment outcomes.
The Cox Model

The Cox proportional hazards model [36] has become by a wide margin the most used procedure for modeling the relationship of covariates to a survival or other censored outcome.
Imagination and Difference: Beyond Essentialism in Church Teaching and Practice

This essay explores the ways racial, cultural, and gender differences are managed theologically and pastorally in relation to prevailing images of God and habitual cultural and religious ritual practices. Beginning with a montage of examples from contemporary U.S. society and Church, the author identifies a pervasive “essentialist” style of thought that cripples our capacity for love and transformative engagement with others whom we categorize as strange or dangerously different. Drawing from John Henry Newman, the Ignatian tradition, St. Paul, Thomas Merton and others the author argues for a more inclusive sacramental imagination rooted in the mystery and freedom of God, whose love seeks to become flesh in all persons, without exception. With Newman the author relates the Christian call to love and transcend the fear of difference to Catholic theology as a living language, an intuitive and sometimes contentious discernment process that seeks to understand and give full voice to the mystery of the incarnation. The essay concludes with a note on the tensive relationship between the Church and American culture as these two powerful “image and language-worlds” come into play, and frequently into conflict, in the lives of Christians and Catholics today.
Recent Charm Results From CLEO

We describe two recent results using data collected with the CLEO detector at the CESR e+e- collider at energies near the Upsilon(4S). The first is a Dalitz plot analysis of the decay D0->K0spi+pi-. We observe a rich structure including the decay D0->K*+pi- which may be produced by D0-D0bar mixing or doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays. We also search for D0-D0bar mixing in the decay D0->K*+e-nuebar. We observe no events and limit the mixing parameter R_mix to be less than 0.87% at the 95% confidence level.
Antifungal Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors

Herbal medicines and related drugs used to treat infective organisms were available in ancient cultures and detailed in the first pharmacopoeia reported in 1146 ad, titled “Antidotarium Niclai” (Grun, 1991). During the following millennium, there has been continued interest in drug discovery and application. However, only in the last fifty years have effective therapeutic agents for fungal disease been developed that exploit a fundamental difference between the biochemistry or physiology of the pathogens and their hosts. Sterol biosynthesis is one of the few areas of difference in primary metabolism between fungi and animals. Unlike animals that synthesize 24-desalkyl sterols, such as cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3β-ol), many pathogenic fungi synthesize 24-alkylsterols, such as ergosterol (24β-methyl cholesta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol). The major difference in the two sterols stems structurally from the presence and nature of the 24-alkyl group.
Oblique strike-slip faulting of the Cascadia submarine forearc : The Daisy Bank fault zone off central Oregon

The Cascadia submarine forearc off Oregon and Washington is deformed by numerous active WNW-trending, left-lateral strike-slip faults. The kinematics of this set of sub-parallel left-lateral faults suggests clockwise block rotation of the forearc driven by oblique subduction. One major left-lateral strike-slip fault, the 94 km-long Daisy Bank fault, located off central Oregon, was studied in detail using high-resolution AMS 150 kHz and SeaMARC-1A sidescan sonar, swath bathymetry, multichannel seismic reflection profiles and a submersible. The Daisy Bank fault zone cuts the sediments and basaltic basement of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate, and the overriding North American plate, extending from the abyssal plain to the upper slope-outer shelf region. The Daisy Bank fault, a near-vertical left-lateral fault striking 292°, is a wide structural zone with multiple scarps observed in high-resolution sidescan images. From a submersible, we observe that these scarps offset late Pleistocene gray clay and overlying olive green Holocene mud, dating fault activity as post-12 ka on the upper slope. Vertical separation along individual fault scarps ranges from a few centimeters to 130 meters. Using a retrodeformation technique with multichannel reflection records, we calculate a net slip of 2.2 ± 0.5 km. Fault movement commenced at about 380 ± 50 ka near the western fault tip, based upon an analysis of growth strata and correlation with deep-sea drill hole biostratigraphy. We calculate a slip rate of 5.7 ± 2.0 mm/yr. for the Daisy Bank fault at its western end on the Juan de Fuca plate. The motion of the set of oblique faults, including the Daisy Bank fault, may accommodate a significant portion of the oblique component of plate motion along the central Cascadia margin. We propose a block rotation model by which the seawardmost part of the forearc rotates clockwise and translates northward.
Testing of a Cryogenic Recooler Heat Exchanger at Brookhaven National Laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory has tested a recooler heat exchanger intended to be used in the cryogenic system of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The unit is required to transfer 225 Watts from a supercritical helium stream flowing at 100 g/s to a helium bath boiling at 4.25 K. Measurements made with heat loads of 50 to over 450 Watts on the unit indicate its cooling capacity is greater than 400 Watts, as expected, and it will be suitable for use in the RHIC ring. Presented are the modifications made to BNL’s MAGCOOL test facility that were necessary for testing, test procedure, and recooler performance.
KLHL3/CUL3 targets the ROMK endocytic protein ARH for degradation directly by ubiquitination (892.14)

Mutations in KLHL3 and CUL3, components of an E3 ligase complex, cause a familial disease of hyperkalemia and hypertension (PHAII). Here, we explore how KLHL3/CUL3 normally regulates the ROMK channel for potassium balance. We previously reported that ROMK is targeted for endocytosis by a specific clathrin adaptor molecule, ARH (Fang et al, JCI ’09). Because KLHL3/CUL3 targets ARH for proteasomal degradation (Fang et al, EB ’13), we wondered if ARH is a direct substrate of KLHL3/CUL3 ubiquitination. In vitro protein-protein interaction studies with purified ARH, KLHL3, CUL3 revealed that ARH directly interacts with KLHL3. We found separate interaction domains allow KLHL3 to simultaneously recruit CUL3 and the E3 ligase, ROC1, into a complex. As measured in ubiquitination assays in vitro with purified components, the direct interaction results in an increase in ARH ubiquitination, indicating that ARH is a direct substrate of KLHL3/CUL3. Importantly, KLHL3 localizes to the late DCT and CNT, overlapping with ...
Complete parametrization of synthesis in multidimensional perfect reconstruction FIR systems

Many problems in FIR filter banks, via the method of polyphase representation, can be characterized by their transfer matrices. In the case of multidimensional (MD) FIR filter banks, the resulting transfer matrices have Laurent polynomial entries in several variables. For a given analysis filter bank, this method produces a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system (e.g. an oversampled filter bank). Since such a system does not have a unique perfect reconstruction (PR) pair in general, there exists a certain degree of freedom in designing a synthesis system to make the overall system a PR system. In this paper, for a given analysis system, the author gives a complete parametrization of all the synthesis systems that ensure perfect reconstruction of inputs, which gives us a space to search for an optimal synthesis system. This involves an adaptation of Schreyer's algorithm to carry out syzygy computations with Laurent polynomials.
Field‐level effects of preventative management tactics on soybean aphids (Aphis glycines Matsumura) and their predators

A 2-year field experiment was conducted in northern Illinois to evaluate the effects of host plant resistance and an insecticidal seed treatment (thiamethoxam) on soybean aphids, Aphis glycines Matsumura and their predators. Densities of soybean aphids varied between the 2 years of the experiment. During both years, resistant plants experienced fewer cumulative aphid days than susceptible plants. Populations of soybean aphids on resistant plants rarely exceeded the economic injury level of 250 soybean aphids per plant. The use of thiamethoxam reduced cumulative aphid days in 2007, but not in 2008. Although soybean aphids reached densities that were sufficient to cause yield-loss for untreated and susceptible plants, no yield-benefit was associated with using the two management tactics in either year. This latter finding suggests that densities of soybean aphids need to be greater and sustained for a longer period of time than what we observed if the two management tactics are expected to provide a yield-benefit. Monitoring natural enemies revealed that densities of key aphidophagous predators were relatively unaffected by host plant resistance or thiamethoxam; the effect of these management tactics on densities of predators, as well as the effectiveness of the method used to sample predators, is discussed.
Investigation of the Unsteady Behavior of a Circulation Control Wing Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

This paper details the results of an investigation into the unsteady behavior of a circulation control wing using computational fluid dynamics. Oscillations in the lift coefficient of up to 10% are observed for steady state simulations. An investigation into the source of the unsteadiness is underway, and the results to date are presented. It is shown that the periodic oscillations are independent of the above the wing mounted engine effects on the cruise efficient short take-off and landing aircraft. The oscillations are also a viscous phenomenon that does not dampen as the solution marches through steady state. It is proposed that the cause of the oscillations is due to high streamline curvature at the trailing edge inboard wing section, due to flow turning caused by the slot flow normal condition at the circulation control slots. This paper presents the results into the origin of this unsteadiness.
Land-use zoning in a local economy with optimal property taxes and public expenditures

A three-sector, open-city framework is used to study the impact of changes in land-use zoning on a local economy. In addition to the customary direct supply effects, a rezoning prompts changes in local property tax rates, public expenditures, and the location decisions of households and firms. Simulations are used to trace these general equilibrium adjustments. The final effects of a residentialto-commercial rezoning on crucial local economic variables, including residential and commercial site rents, property tax rates and the mix of public services, may contrast sharply with popular expectations based solely on a partial equilibrium analysis.
Short-term nonfrozen storage of mouse epididymal spermatozoa

Abstract Six simple methods for short-term (up to 8 d), nonfrozen (5 to 20 °C) storage of mouse epididymides were compared with respect to the motility and fertility of spermatozoa. A high percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa was obtained from epididymis stored for 8 d at 5 °C in mineral oil (78.3%), covered with body fat (80.0%), or stored in the intact body of the euthanized donor animal (77.5%). Fertilized eggs (6.4% fertilization rate) were obtained by IVF using spermatozoa that had been stored in mineral oil at 5 °C for at least 8 d, and offspring were obtained from 77.5% of transferred eggs that were fertilized by spermatozoa stored for 2 d. These methods inhibited moisture loss from the preserved epididymal spermatozoa, thereby allowing spermatozoa to be stored for a few days without loss of either motility or fertility. These methods make possible such wide-ranging applications as the long-distance transport of epididymis spermatozoa. While in storage at 5 °C, the tail of each recovered spermatozoon was bent midway along the tail, possibly owing to damage to the plasma membranes and due to the spermatozoa's hardening in the phospholipid by exposure to the low temperature.
The Effect Upon Pronunciation and Intonation of Early Exposure to the Written Word

THERE exists a controversy, even among proponents of the audio-lingual approach to language instruction, between 1) those who would withhold from the students contact with the written word in the foreign language for varying lengths of time or until varying degrees of oral proficiency have been reached and 2) those who would immediately, or almost immediately, allow the students to use the written form of those words which they are learning to comprehend aurally and to reproduce orally. The former believe that withholding the written word at the beginning results in improved oral facility. The latter feel that the exposure to the written language along with the audio-lingual drill provides additional reinforcement in the learning of the items being presented orally. They also feel that, since reading is an important skill, the students need to become familiar with the written language at an early stage. A perusal of several of the many current textbooks purporting to be "audio-lingual" in their orientation will serve to substantiate the extent of
Use of alternative sites to administer influenza vaccine improves acceptance by both physicians and patients

Abstract Influenza remains an important and largely uncontrolled disease. In the USA, estimated direct and indirect costs exceed US$14 billion, reported annual deaths are in excess of 20,000/year, and the impact on the health care system is dramatic. In the state of Colorado, a volunteer coalition of health professionals, electronic and print consultants, health departments, nursing groups, and pharmaceutical companies have worked to improve vaccination rates. Advertising on radio, TV, newspapers and on electronic billboards at public sporting events has increased awareness. Messages about flu shots are also displayed on a donated automobile. Vaccines can be obtained through standard channels such as physician offices and health departments, but also can be obtained in alternative sites such as grocery stores, pharmacies, and office sites. At the inception of this program 15 years ago, only 32,000 doses of vaccine were delivered at alternative sites and less than 100,000 doses were dispensed in the entire state in physician offices and health departments. In the 1998–1999 season, more than 249,000 doses were dispensed in alternative sites and more than 800,000 in physician offices. This year, an automobile named the “Flubug” displaying positive influenza vaccine messages was strategically placed at sporting and cultural events. A toll-free “hotline” was also established so potential vaccine candidates could phone and obtain information on where vaccine was available on a daily basis. Vaccine delivered at alternative sites will exceed 300,000 this year in the state of Colorado alone. Influenza-like illness reported to the state health department has declined each year as the number of doses administered increases. Alternative site administration of influenza vaccine is a cost effective and successful strategy to improve immunization rates.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Domain Requirements for Chromatin Remodeling and Transcriptional Activation of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Promoter in Different Nucleoprotein Contexts

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) contains several activation domains, τ1 (AF-1), τ2, and AF-2, which were initially defined using transiently transfected reporter constructs. Using domain mutations in the context of full-length GR, this study defines those domains required for activation of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter in two distinct nucleoprotein configurations. A transiently transfected MMTV template with a disorganized, accessible chromatin structure was largely dependent on the AF-2 domain for activation. In contrast, activation of an MMTV template in organized, replicated chromatin requires both domains but has a relatively larger dependence on the τ1 domain. Domain requirements for GR-induced chromatin remodeling of the latter template were also investigated. Mutation of the AF-2 helix 12 domain partially inhibits the induction of nuclease hypersensitivity, but the inhibition was relieved in the absence of τ1, suggesting the occurrence of an important interaction between the two domains. Further mutational analysis indicates that GR-induced chromatin remodeling requires the ligand-binding domain in the region of helix 3. Our study shows that the GR activation surfaces required for transcriptional modulation of a target promoter were determined in part by its chromatin structure. Within a particular cellular environment the GR appears to possess a significant degree of versatility in the mechanism by which it activates a target promoter.
Angular Momentum Distribution of Fission Fragments

Abstract Latest generation fission experiments provide an excellent testing ground for theoretical models. In this contribution we compare the measurements obtained with the DANCE calorimeter at LANSCE with our full-scale simulation of the primary fragment de-excitation, using the recently developed CGMF code, based on a Monte-Carlo implementation of the Hauser-Feshbach theoretical model. We compute the isomeric ratios as a function of the initial angular momentum of the fission fragments. Comparison with the available experimental data allows us to determine the initial spin distribution. Finally, we study the sensitivity to the discrete spectra input.
A creed for the treatment of diabetes.

While hyperglycaemia per se has never been proven directly to cause a single one of the more grave complications of the disease, glycaemia is the only real yardstick to measure the adequacy of control of the disease. It is much in the same category as blood urea in the uremic state. Urea is presumably harmless. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said of hyperglycaemia. Persistent hyperglycaemia is destructive of the “endorgan” in carbohydrate metabolism. When one fails to recognize this principle, he is surrendering to the very pathology which it has been his challenge to correct. He may wishfully, if misgivingly, herald as satisfactory the nutritional state and sense of well-being of his patient; he has however, sacrificed every vestige of potential improvement in the patient’s own intrinsic insulin mechanism; he has often converted his patient into an irreversible diabetic with heavy and increasing insulin needs. Let it not be said that the medical attendant thru paths of lessened resistance has deliberately created this state of irretrievable failure.
Iterative refinement of multiple targets tracking of solar events

In this paper, we combine two approaches to multiple-target tracking: the first is a hierarchical approach to iteratively growing track fragments across gaps in detections, and the second is a network flow based optimization method for data association. We introduce a new parallel algorithm for initial track fragment formation as the base of the hierarchical approach. The network flow based optimization method is then utilized for the remaining levels of the hierarchy. This process is applied to solar data retrieved from the Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK). We compare our results to labeled data from the same, and show improvements over a non-hierarchical sequential approach.
Zero field splitting of paraelectric centers in KCl

Abstract Zero field ground level splitting in Li+ and CN− in KCl has been observed and is compared with theory and other experiments.
Uranium-series growth history of a quaternary phosphatic crust from the peruvian continental margin

Abstract A 20-mm-thick oriented phosphatic crust recovered together with its overlying (14 cm) and underlying (4 cm) associated sediment from the Peruvian sea floor has been analyzed in detail for uranium-series radionuclides in an attempt to determine its rate and direction of growth. Growth curves based upon 226Ra and 230Th ages show that this crust grew upward toward the sediment-water interface. Calculated growth rates in the range of 12–13 mm ka−1 are slightly higher but comparable to values previously reported. Crystallographical analyses of this phosphatic crust show a trend of decreasing unit-cell dimension a with sample age. The upward growth of a buried crust toward the sediment-water interface is consistent with results from recent pore-water studies of fluoride and phosphate in Peru shelf sediments.
A Stochastically Excited Linear System as a Model for Quasigeostrophic Turbulence:Analytic Results for One- and Two-Layer Fluids

Abstract The authors explore the hypothesis that nonlinear eddy interactions in quasigeostrophic turbulence can be parameterized as a stochastic excitation plus an augmented dissipation in a statistically stationary equilibrium. The focus is primarily on models sufficiently simple to be solved analytically. In particular, closed form solutions are obtained for the linear response to stochastic excitation of horizontally uniform baro-tropic and two-layer baroclinic flow. The response of the barotropic model is very simple to understand because the governing equations are mathematically normal. In contrast, the two-layer model is non-normal in the presence of vertical shear and/or vertically asymmetric dissipation and yields rather complicated results. The space-time spectra of the streamfunction and the heat fluxes derived from the two layer model are in qualitative agreement with the corresponding observed quantities at 50°N. The velocity variance predicted from the parameterization is a weaker function o...
The control of a quick turnaround cell—an integrated CAD and CAM system

Abstract Quick turnaround Cell (QTC) is an integrated software/hardware system for rapid product prototyping. A QTC consists of some engineering workstations, one of a few machine tools, and a vision inspection system. The major objective of the project is to study the integration of CAD, process planning, cell control, and vision inspection. Currently a prototype QTC has been implemented at Purdue Uniersity. It is capable of producing prismatic parts. After a part is designed, it can be machined and inspected automatically. There is no human decision necessary for the planning, part programming, and cell control. The cell controller plays an extremely important role on coordinating all the system functions and providing user and machine interfaces. In this paper we will address the issues encountered in designing the cell control. The structure and the functionality of the specific design will be discussed.
The Design and Use of Audio Cassettes for a Numerical Methods Course.

(1976). The Design and Use of Audio Cassettes for a Numerical Methods Course. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 277-281.
Diffuse Reflectance UV-VIS Spectroscopy, an Economical Method for Studying Reagents Immobilized on Silica Gel

Diffuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy is presented as an economical tool for studying reagents immobilized on silica gel. An appropriate approach to eliminating the spectral contribution of the substrate is presented. Diffuse reflectance spectra of the immobilized reagents, presented as the Kubelka-Munk function, are shown to resemble transmission spectra of model compounds. Several applications are presented in which immobilization sequences were monitored.
A Goal Programming Approach to Aggregate Planning of Production and Work Force

This paper presents a goal programming approach to the problem of scheduling aggregate production and work force. The approach is illustrated via two case applications. Numeric results are derived and compared to those of two other approaches. The results suggest that goal programming may be an effective approach for solving certain types of planning models.
A total tardiness problem with preprocessing included

A special case of the two-machine flow-shop total tardiness problem is defined by assuming that the first machine is dedicated to preprocessing and that the second machine performs the main operation, which is longer than preprocessing for each job. It is also assumed that customer orders (jobs) contain varying numbers of otherwise similar parts; therefore orders with longer main processing times have longer preprocessing times as well. The new problem (F2/ppc T) is solved by exploiting its structure and its relationship to the single-machine (1//T) and the two-machine flow-shop ( F2//T) total tardiness problems. It is shown that shortest-processing-time ordering minimizes the average job completion time in the F2/ppc/T setting. This result leads to the development of dominance conditions to determine a priori the order of some jobs in an optimal F2/ppc/T sequence. These dominance conditions are then embedded in a branch-and-bound algorithm, which is shown to be computationally efficient. A polynomial-time heuristic is also developed for F2/ppc/T. It is concluded that the additional structure of F2/ppc/T (compared to the general F2//T problem) results in highly efficient solution algorithms for it.
Validation of Software Testing Experiments: A Meta-Analysis of ICST 2013

Researchers in software testing are often faced with the following problem of empirical validation: does a new testing technique actually help analysts find more faults than some baseline method? Researchers evaluate their contribution using statistics to refute the null hypothesis that their technique is no better at finding faults than the state of the art. The decision as to which statistical methods are appropriate is best left to an expert statistician, but the reality is that software testing researchers often don't have this luxury. We developed an algorithm, Means Test, to help automate some aspects of statistical analysis. We implemented Means Test in the statistical software environment R, encouraging reuse and decreasing the need to write and test statistical analysis code. Our experiment showed that Means Test has significantly higher F-measures than several other common hypothesis tests. We applied Means Test to systematically validate the work presented at the 2013 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Software Testing, Verification, and Validation (ICST'13). We found six papers that potentially misstated the significance of their results. Means Test provides a free and easy-to-use possibility for researchers to check whether their chosen statistical methods and the results obtained are plausible. It is available for download at coest.org.
Lignin methoxyl hydrogen isotope ratios in a coastal ecosystem

Abstract Stable hydrogen isotope ratios of plant lignin methoxyl groups have recently been shown to record the hydrogen isotopic composition of meteoric water. Here we extend this technique towards tracing water source variations across a saltwater to freshwater gradient in a coastal, subtropical forest ecosystem. We measure the hydrogen isotopic composition of xylem water (δDxw) and methoxyl hydrogen (δDmethoxyl) to calculate fractionations for coastal mangrove, buttonwood and hammock tree species in Sugarloaf Key, as well as buttonwoods from Miami, both in Florida, USA. Prior studies of the isotopic composition of cellulose and plant leaf waxes in coastal ecosystems have yielded only a weak correlation to source waters, attributed to leaf water effects. Here we find δDmethoxyl values range from −230‰ to −130‰, across a 40‰ range in δDxw with a regression equation of δDmethoxyl ‰ = 1.8 * δDxw − 178‰ (R2 = 0.48, p 50‰). For the first time, we also report yields of propyl iodide, which may indicate lignin synthesis of propoxyl groups under salt-stress.
Calculation of microbial growth efficiency from15N immobilization

Microbial growth rate was estimated by multiplying15N immobilization by an estimated microbial C:N ratio. This growth rate, in combination with measurements of respiration, was used to calculate growth efficiency. Growth rates and efficiencies were calculated for grassland and cultivated soils of three textures. Calculated efficiencies (Yc), assuming a microbial C: N ratio of 7, ranged from 32 to 54. Cultivated soils tended to have higher Yc values than did grassland soils. This calculation depends on several hard-to-verify assumptions, but yields numbers that should be of great interest in comparative studies.
Text-based analysis of genes, proteins, aging, and cancer

The diverse nature of cancer- and aging-related genes presents a challenge for large-scale studies based on molecular sequence and profiling data. An underexplored source of data for modeling and analysis is the textual descriptions and annotations present in curated gene-centered biomedical corpora. Here, 450 genes designated by surveys of the scientific literature as being associated with cancer and aging were analyzed using two complementary approaches. The first, ensemble attribute profile clustering, is a recently formulated, text-based, semi-automated data interpretation strategy that exploits ideas from statistical information retrieval to discover and characterize groups of genes with common structural and functional properties. Groups of genes with shared and unique Gene Ontology terms and protein domains were defined and examined. Human homologs of a group of known Drosphila aging-related genes are candidates for genes that may influence lifespan (hep/MAPK2K7, bsk/MAPK8, puc/LOC285193). These JNK pathway-associated proteins may specify a molecular hub that coordinates and integrates multiple intra- and extracellular processes via space- and time-dependent interactions with proteins in other pathways. The second approach, a qualitative examination of the chromosomal locations of 311 human cancer- and aging-related genes, provides anecdotal evidence for a "phenotype position effect": genes that are proximal in the linear genome often encode proteins involved in the same phenomenon. Comparative genomics was employed to enhance understanding of several genes, including open reading frames, identified as new candidates for genes with roles in aging or cancer. Overall, the results highlight fundamental molecular and mechanistic connections between progenitor/stem cell lineage determination, embryonic morphogenesis, cancer, and aging. Despite diversity in the nature of the molecular and cellular processes associated with these phenomena, they seem related to the architectural hub of tissue polarity and a need to generate and control this property in a timely manner.
Turbulent flow of unstable liquid‐liquid dispersions: Drop sizes and velocity distributions

Friction lossess, velocity distributions, and drop size distributions were obtained for unstable liquid-liquid dispersions in turbulent flow. The friction losses and velocity profiles were used to determine effective viscosities which were correlated by the Einstein relation for dispersions in which μd/μc ≤ 15. When μd/μc ≈ 200 the dispersion could not be considered as a single-phase fluid and exhibited non-Newtonian characteristics. Drop size distributions were obtained from photographs of the flowing dispersion. These drop size distributions provided information concerning drop breakup and coalescence in the circulation system. From drop size distribution and effective viscosity measurements a criterion was obtained to determine if a dispersion could be treated as a homogeneous single-phase fluid.
Toward an objective-based typology of e-business models

number of Internet users and the growth in ecommerce activity, not all e-businesses are surviving. More than twice as many shut down or declared bankruptcy in 2001 as in the preceding year. The famous Boo.com fashion stores declared bankruptcy after less than one year of operations. Webvan filed Chapter 11 in July 2001. Other well-known failures include Garden.com, Pets.com, and discount retailer Value America. After the downfall of so many dotcoms, people have begun to wonder if e-commerce would ever live up to its expectation of jolting the business world.