cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Guide to Coding and Billing for the Audiological Management of Patients Receiving Ototoxic Medical Treatments

Purpose Improved medical care leading to increased survivorship among patients with cancer and infectious diseases has created a need for ototoxicity monitoring programs nationwide. The goal of thi...
Students' Reasoning about Variability in Graphs during an Introductory Statistics Course.

Variation and variability are key concepts in K-16 statistics education. Prior research has investigated students’ reasoning about variability in different contexts. However, there is a lack of research on students’ development of understanding of variability when comparing distributions in bar graphs, dot plots, and histograms as they took an introductory college-level statistics course. This exploratory case study conducted three interviews with each of the ten participants through a four-month period, at the beginning, middle, and end of the course. The Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy was used to analyze participants’ responses. Results indicated that overall the group of participants demonstrated a stable understanding of variability over the semester (i.e. lack of improvement). However, when examining each student’s reasoning, four types of reasoning development paths were found: improvement, lack of change, decline, and inconsistent. This study provides implications in teaching college introductory statistics course and recommendations for future research.
Development and Implementation of an Alternate Care Site During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction With the rampant spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the subsequent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the need for medical resources has never been greater. In recent history, the deployment of surge medical facilities and their importance in improving the provision of crisis care became relevant. The primary objective of this study was to describe the development and implementation of an alternate care site (ACS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a retrospective, single-center study that was conducted between April 7, 2020, and May 26, 2020, of adult patients from a primary facility admitted to an ACS, labeled Staten Island University Hospital East (SIUH-E). These select patients met specific inclusion criteria for SIUH-E before transfer. Results During the operational course of SIUH-E, 813 patients were screened and 203 patients were accepted for transfer. Of the patients admitted to SIUH-E, 120 (59%) were male. The mean age was 63 years (SD = 13.91). The mean length of stay was 3.93 days (SD = 3.94). Among discharged patients, 179 (88%) were discharged to home or another long-term facility, whereas 24 (12%) patients required a transfer back to the main campus. Conclusions In this study, we describe the development and implementation of an alternate care surge facility during the COVID-19 pandemic. SIUH-E played a vital role in effectively caring for select COVID-19 patients, which allowed the primary facilities to treat a greater volume of higher acuity patients. The combined efforts of the state and hospital were able to create and sustain a safe, practical alternative care facility.
Data-Informed Tools for Archaeological Reflexivity: Examining the substance of bone through a meta-analysis of academic texts

Our study uses computational archaeology tools to investigate how researchers in our field present interpretations of the past in patterned ways. We do so in order to illuminate assumptions, naturalised categories, and patterned interpretative moves that may direct or impact the ways we interact with our evidence and write about our research. We approach this topic through a meta-analysis, using large-scale textual data from archaeological publications, focusing on the case study of bone. Are there patterned ways that archaeologists write about artefacts like bone that are visible when analysing larger datasets? If so, what underlying ideas shape these shared discursive moves? We present the results of three analyses: textual groundwork, conducted manually by field experts, and two machine-based interactive topic modelling visualisations (pyLDAvis and a hierarchical tree based on a Model of Models). Our results indicate that there are, indeed, patterns in our writing around how artefactual and archaeological materials are discussed, many of which are overt and sensical. However, our analyses also identify patterned discourses that are less obvious, but still part of regularised discourses in written narratives surrounding bone. These include: the use of multiple conceptual positions within, rather than simply between, articles, and a lack of patterned centrality of indigenous ontologies in how our field writes about bone. This pilot approach identifies data-informed, applied tools that will aid reflexive practices in our field. These operate at a scale that impacts future scholarly interactions with both evidence and published interpretations by shifting observation and reflection from an individual or small group exercise to a larger and more systematic process.
Infections, Immunodeficiency, and Complications of Immunomodulatory Therapies in Neuroimmunology

In the presentation of neurological syndromes, such as encephalopathy/encephalitis, meningitis, and/or myelopathy/myelitis, the differential diagnosis is often broad, including infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, vascular, and neoplastic etiologies. There are numerous inflammatory and autoimmune etiologies alone; however, evaluating for an underlying infection and/or immunodeficiency becomes a critical aspect to the workup. Furthermore, patients on immunotherapy for the treatment of underlying autoimmune or inflammatory diseases are at increased risk for opportunistic infections as well as other neurological complications. This chapter will focus on the relationship of viral infections and dysregulation of the immune system as triggers of autoimmunity, in addition to common infectious and immunomodulatory complications seen in patients treated with various forms of disease-modifying therapies.
ART, Surrogacy, Federalism and Jus Sanguinis Citizenship in the US, Australia, and Canada

This paper examines the jus sanguinis inherited citizenship of children conceived through assisted reproductive technology under United States, Australian, and Canadian law. While most countries use one set of rules to determine parentage for both citizenship and other purposes, these countries do not. They generally define parentage at the state, provincial, or territorial level, while independently determining parentage for citizenship purposes at the federal level. This article analyzes and compares these current federal approaches to families and citizenship, lays out alternatives, and discusses their merits and disadvantages.
Efficient DNA sequence partitioning using probabilistic subsets and hypergraphs

Sequence clustering is an important computational step in numerous bioinformatics applications such as high-throughput immune system characterization, marker-based diversity profiling, and reduced-complexity population genetic experiments. However, clustering very large datasets produced by high-throughput sequencers is CPU- and memory-intensive. As such, the analysis of large datasets is challenging and often requires compromising clustering sensitivity for speed. To address this limitation, we propose a new probabilistic data partitioning technique that divides large datasets of sequences of equal length into smaller, non-overlapping subsets that can subsequently be clustered using higher sensitivity algorithms at lower computational costs. In addition to substantially lowering resources requirements, this partitioning step provides an opportunity for effortless parallelization of DNA sequence clustering, and for the independent processing of each subset using more accurate algorithms. Our results show that our algorithm, which we implemented in a program called SLYMFAST can be used to cluster in a few hours datasets that would otherwise take weeks to cluster without partitioning first.
DNA-PK Promotes DNA End Resection at DNA Double Strand Breaks in G0 cells

DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination is confined to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle partly due to 53BP1 antagonizing DNA end resection in G1 phase and non-cycling quiescent (G0) cells where DSBs are predominately repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Unexpectedly, we uncovered extensive MRE11- and CtIP-dependent DNA end resection at DSBs in G0 mammalian cells. A whole genome CRISPR/Cas9 screen revealed the DNA-dependent kinase (DNA-PK) complex as a key factor in promoting DNA end resection in G0 cells. In agreement, depletion of FBXL12, which promotes ubiquitylation and removal of the KU70/KU80 subunits of DNA-PK from DSBs, promotes even more extensive resection in G0 cells. In contrast, a requirement for DNA-PK in promoting DNA end resection in proliferating cells at the G1 or G2 phase of the cell cycle was not observed. Our findings establish that DNA-PK uniquely promotes DNA end resection in G0, but not in G1 or G2 phase cells, and has important implications for DNA DSB repair in quiescent cells.
The Measurement of the Conductivity of the Oceanic Lithosphere with a Horizontal Antenna as the Source

An important application of the horizontal electric dipole near the boundary between two electrically different regions is to the measurement of the conductivity of the oceanic crust. For simplicity it is advantageous to consider first an idealized sea floor that consists of a smooth plane boundary between sea water and rock or sediment. The effect of a boundary that is not smooth is considered in Chapter 10. The depths of the sea water and of the rock or sediment are required to be sufficient so that each is well approximated by a half-space. This excludes very shallow water and applies to a layer of sediment only when this is either electrically so thin that it can be ignored or so thick that reflections from the rock beyond it are negligible. The intermediate three-layer problem—which applies specifically to a layer of sediment with arbitrary thickness between sea water and rock—is treated in Chapter 12.
Diffraction of Waves by Cones and Polyhedra

Publisher Summary A cone with vertex at the origin in R m+1 , or its complementary cone, is describable as the cone over a subdomain Ω of the unit sphere S m in R m+1 . More generally, if N is any compact Riemannian manifold of dimension m, possibly with boundary, the cone over N, C(N), is the space R + x N together with the Riemannian metric.
Risk factor detection for heart disease by applying text analytics in electronic medical records

Display Omitted Risk factor detection in electronic medical records (EMR) was automated.Existing tools and techniques were leveraged to build detection systems.A general binary classification system was used to extract various risk factors.Additional classifiers were built for subsets of target risk factors.The hybrid approach combining our systems achieved F-score of 0.92. In the United States, about 600,000 people die of heart disease every year. The annual cost of care services, medications, and lost productivity reportedly exceeds 108.9billion dollars. Effective disease risk assessment is critical to prevention, care, and treatment planning. Recent advancements in text analytics have opened up new possibilities of using the rich information in electronic medical records (EMRs) to identify relevant risk factors. The 2014 i2b2/UTHealth Challenge brought together researchers and practitioners of clinical natural language processing (NLP) to tackle the identification of heart disease risk factors reported in EMRs. We participated in this track and developed an NLP system by leveraging existing tools and resources, both public and proprietary. Our system was a hybrid of several machine-learning and rule-based components. The system achieved an overall F1 score of 0.9185, with a recall of 0.9409 and a precision of 0.8972.
Changes in Web client access patterns: Characteristics and caching implications

Understanding the nature of the workloads and system demands created by users of the World Wide Web is crucial to properly designing and provisioning Web services. Previous measurements of Web client workloads have been shown to exhibit a number of characteristic featuress however, it is not clear how those features may be changing with time. In this study we compare two measurements of Web client workloads separated in time by three years, both captured from the same computing facility at Boston University. The older dataset, obtained in 1995, is well known in the research literature and has been the basis for a wide variety of studies. The newer dataset was captured in 1998 and is comparable in size to the older dataset. The new dataset has the drawback that the collection of users measured may no longer be representative of general Web userss however, using it has the advantage that many comparisons can be drawn more clearly than would be possible using a new, different source of measurement. Our results fall into two categories. First we compare the statistical and distributional properties of Web requests across the two datasets. This serves to reinforce and deepen our understanding of the characteristic statistical properties of Web client requests. We find that the kinds of distributions that best describe document sizes have not changed between 1995 and 1998, although specific values of the distributional parameters are different. Second, we explore the question of how the observed differences in the properties of Web client requests, particularly the popularity and temporal locality properties, affect the potential for Web file caching in the network. We find that for the computing facility represented by our traces between 1995 and 1998, (1) the benefits of using size-based caching policies have diminisheds and (2) the potential for caching requested files in the network has declined.
PBAD: Perception-Based Anomaly Detection System for Cloud Datacenters

Detection of anomalies in large Cloud infrastructure is challenging. Understanding operational behavior of Cloud is extremely difficult due to the heterogeneity of different technologies, virtualized platforms and complex interactions among the systems. Many of existing system models for Cloud are based on utilization metrics such as CPU, memory, network and I/O. Such system models are quite complex and their anomaly detection mechanisms are mostly based on threshold scheme. Utilization metrics exceeding a certain threshold would trigger an alarm. In fact, it is impossible to determine proper threshold for all anomalies. These system models fail to assess the state of the system accurately. We propose a novel anomaly detection system based on user perception rather than complex system models. In our Perception-Based Anomaly Detection system (PBAD), each component within multi-tier applications monitors response time and determines whether overall service response time is adequate. PBAD also locates the anomaly by analyzing component behaviors. PBAD masks the complexity of Cloud and addresses what matters, how user perceives the service provided by the Cloud applications. The key advantages of the proposed algorithm are simplicity and scalability. We implement and deploy PBAD in our production data center environment. The experimental results show that PBAD detects numerous types of anomalies as well as the combination of anomalies where existing systems fail.
After Photography: Deconstructing the Era of the Image

Scott McQuire _Visions of Modernity_ London: Sage Publications, 1998 ISBN 0-7619-5301-9 270 pp.
Sustainability Through Happiness: A Framework for Sustainable Development

Happiness is commonly thought of as an individual characteristic for which each person is solely responsible. However, happiness is also a community characteristic influenced by factors external to the individual. This article offers an alternative sustainable community development framework that focuses on improved opportunities for happiness. Key components of the framework include happiness visioning, public participation, a happiness profit inventory, and systems planning and sustainability interventions. Lessons learned from applying this framework to a neighborhood in a fast-growing region in the southwestern United States are drawn. Ultimately, happiness offers a universal measure focused on the quality of human life and a community development framework that may translate to a sustainable future. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Dust wake in a collisional plasma

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the interaction between a stationary dust grain in a flowing, collisional plasma. The chapter also compares the derived expression for the wake potential with results from particle-in-cell simulations that treat the flowing plasma ions as discrete particles which are collisionally coupled to the background neutral gas. The flow of plasma around dust grains in many experiments is typically on the order of the ion sound velocity. This flow gives rise to a quasi-periodic wavetrain, or wakefield, downstream of the grain. The wake is thought to contribute to the vertical alignment and grain spacing in plasma crystals. The theory and simulations thus derived, indicated that the principal features of the trailing wake are retained with the inclusion of ion-neutral collisions. The wake potential structure indicates that the effect of a flowing plasma is to create an ion focus region some distance downstream of the grain The simulations here show that the distance is not modified by collisional effects, but the overall interaction length is limited to a few wavelengths due to spatial damping. The calculations also indicate that the wake effect is a more physically justifiable correction to the grain interaction potential than a dipole..
Isophotometry of Brightest Cluster Ellipticals

What are the two-dimensional distributions of projected luminosity in the brightest ellipticals in Abell clusters (hereafter called “El”s)? If we treat isophotes as ellipses, how do their properties vary as functions of surface brightness? Are the isophote parameters correlated with a galaxy’s global properties? Are they correlated with any properties of the surrounding cluster? Are Els morphologically similar to other cluster or field ellipticals? This paper describes work in progress to the answers to these questions, and illustrates an interesting result.
Structure-Based Prediction of Transcription Factor Binding Sites

Transcription Factors (TFs) are a very diverse family of DNA-binding proteins that play essential roles in the regulation of gene expression through binding to specific DNA sequences. They are considered as one of the prime drug targets since mutations and aberrant TF-DNA interactions are implicated in many diseases. Identification of TF-binding sites on a genomic scale represents a critical step in delineating transcription regulatory networks and remains a major goal in genomic annotations. Recent development of experimental high-throughput technologies has provided valuable information about TF-binding sites at genome scale under various physiological and developmental conditions. Computational approaches can provide a cost-effective alternative and complement the experimental methods by using the vast quantities of available sequence or structural information. In this review we focus on structure-based prediction of transcription factor binding sites. In addition to its potential in genome- scale predictions, structure-based approaches can help us better understand the TF-DNA interaction mechanisms and the evolution of transcription factors and their target binding sites. The success of structure-based methods also bears a translational impact on targeted drug design in medicine and biotechnology.
Rescuing Children and Punishing Poor Families: Housing Related Decisions

Child welfare policy is not self implementing; an understanding of child welfare policy must therefore include the decision making practices by those whom Michael Lipsky (1980) has called "street-level bureaucrats." This article reports data from a qualitative study exploring perceptions of child welfare professionals about housing-related child welfare decisions. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 18 child welfare lawyers, judges, and masters level social workers from a large city in the mid-Atlantic U.S. All agreed that there is insufficient affordable adequate housing. They held conflicting views, however, on: 1) the standard for adequate housing in the absence of a clear legal definition; 2) who should be held responsible for housing that is deemed inadequate ; and 3) the consequences of housing conditions for supervised children and their families. Rationales for decision-making stem from contested understandings of responsibility and the role of the state as protector of vulnerable children. These, in turn, appear to be influenced by a combination of individual factors, including personal values, ideology and life experiences; a response in the face of limited resources and conflicting mandates common to street-level bureaucracy; and professional and institutional mandates that are perceived to proscribe behaviors and activities.
Atmospheric contamination of a national forest near a copper smelter in Northern Michigan

Abstract The Copper Range Smelter in White Pine, Michigan, was a significant source of copper for the Ottawa National Forest. Air dispersion modeling (ISC3 model) accurately predicted the pattern of peak, half-peak, and near-background smelter particulate deposition. However, the model significantly underestimated total copper loading at the medium and high deposition sites due to incomplete emissions information. Excessive copper accumulation occurred under both eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) and sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) forest types in the litter layer and to a depth of 0–10 cm in mineral soils at the peak and half-peak deposition sites. Mean copper concentrations at the peak deposition sites ranged from 2260–3050 mg/kg in the forest litter and 360–875 mg/kg in the 0–10 cm mineral soil layer. The retention of copper in the organically enriched upper horizons minimized movement of copper to the 10–20 cm mineral soil layer. Copper concentrations (range 17–47 mg/kg) in the 10–20-cm soil samples were similar to background values for Great Lakes region northern hardwood forests.
Safety of aprotinin use and re-use in pediatric cardiothoracic surgery.

Background Hypersensitivity reactions to aprotinin have been reported in adult cardiac surgical patients undergoing initial and re-exposure to the medication. This study describes the incidence and impact of aprotinin hypersensitivity reactions in children undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. Methods and Results In this retrospective review of our entire experience with aprotinin (n=865), 681 first exposures, 150 second exposures, and 34 third or higher exposures were examined. Reactions were classified as mild (generalized cutaneous erythema, Type A) or severe (unexplained cardiopulmonary instability after aprotinin exposure, Type B). Records of patients sustaining a reaction were reviewed to assess the impact of the reaction on outcome and to survey reaction management strategies. Reactions occurred in 7 of 681 first exposures (1.0%), of which 2 were Type A and 5 were Type B. In second exposures, there were reactions in 2 of 150 (1.3%), of which both were Type B. In 34 third or higher exposures, there was...
A new method for the synthesis of β-cyano substituted porphyrins and their use as sensitizers in photoelectrochemical devices

β-Cyanoporphyrins have high positive potentials for oxidation and absorb light at longer wavelengths than most porphyrins, making them potential candidates for sensitizers in photoelectrosynthetic cells for water oxidation. In order to begin to evaluate this potential, two Zn(II) tetra-β-cyanoporphyrins have been synthesized and evaluated as sensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells using I−/I3− as the redox mediator. To prepare such specialized β-cyanoporphyrins, a new synthetic method has been developed. This approach involves reaction of Zn(CN)2 with β-brominated zinc porphyrins in the presence of tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The tetra-cyanation reaction is complete under milder conditions as compared to those usually employed in previous methods and gives improved yields of up to ∼50%. The procedure allows for the cyanation of porphyrins with relatively sensitive functional groups. Examples of its application to a range of substituted tetra-arylporphyrins are reported, and the absorption and electrochemical properties of the compounds prepared are given. The results from using two of the molecules as sensitizers in dye sensitized solar cells are presented. It was found that the porphyrins produced no photocurrents in nanoparticulate TiO2-based cells, but both molecules produced photocurrents in SnO2-based cells, and are potential candidates for sensitizers in photoelectrosynthetic cells for water oxidation.
Variegated Phenotype and Developmental Methylation Changes of a Maize Allele Originating from Epimutation

Two instances of genetic transmission of spontaneous epimutation of the maize P-rr gene were identified. Transmission gave rise to two similar, moderately stable alleles, designated P-pr-1 and P-pr-2, that exhibited Mendelian behavior. Both isolates of P-pr conditioned a variable and variegated phenotype, unlike the uniform pigmentation conditioned by P-rr. Extensive genomic analysis failed to reveal insertions, deletions or restriction site polymorphisms between the new allele and its progenitor. However, methylation of the P gene was increased in P-pr relative to P-rr, and was greatly reduced (though not lost) in a revertant to uniform pigmentation. Variability in pigmentation conditioned by P-pr correlated with variability in transcript levels of the P gene, and both correlated inversely with variability in its methylation. Part of the variability in methylation could be accounted for by a developmental decrease in methylation in all tissues of plants carrying P-pr. We hypothesize that the variegated phenotype results from a general epigenetic pathway which causes a progressive decrease in methylation and increase in expression potential of the P gene as a function of cell divisions in each meristem of the plant. This renders all tissues chimeric for a functional gene; chimerism is visualized as variegation only in pericarp due to the tissue specificity of P gene expression. Therefore, this allele that originates from epimutation may exemplify an epigenetic mechanism for variegation in maize.
Effects of Periodic Structures on the Coherence Properties of Blackbody Radiation

Radiative properties have been studied for one-dimensional dielectric multilayer structures subjected to blackbody radiation sources. The total hemispherical transmittances are calculated for periodic structures and structures with random variation in layer thickness, using wave-optics and ray-tracing methods
Conserved and variable structural elements in the 5′ untranslated region of two hypoviruses from the filamentous fungus Cryphonectria parasitica

Abstract Virulence-attenuating viruses (hypoviruses) of the filamentous fungus Cryphonectria parasitica , the causative agent of chestnut blight, have become a premier model for understanding the molecular biology of mycoviruses. However, a major gap exists in current understanding of structure and function of the untranslated regions (UTRs) of the hypovirus RNA genome, despite considerable evidence that secondary and tertiary UTR structure plays a crucial role in the control of translation and genome replication in other systems. In this study we have used structure prediction software coupled with RNase digestion studies to develop validated structural models for the 5′ UTRs of the two best-characterized members of the Hypoviridae , CHV1-EP713 and CHV1-Euro7. These two hypovirus strains exhibit significant variation in virulence attenuation despite sharing >90% sequence identity. Our models reveal highly structured regions in the 5′ UTR of both strains, with numerous stem-loops suggestive of internal ribosome entry sites. However, considerable differences in the size and complexity of structural elements exist between the two strains. These data will guide future, mutagenesis-based studies of the structural requirements for hypovirus genome replication and translation.
Three-Dimensional Flow in the Florida Platform: Theoretical Analysis of Kohout Convection at Its Type Locality

Kohout convection is the name given to the circulation of saline groundwater deep within carbonate platforms, first proposed by F.A. Kohout in the 1960s for south Florida. It is now seen as an Mg pump for dolomitization by seawater. As proposed by Kohout, cold seawater is drawn into the Florida platform from the deep Straits of Florida as part of a geothermally driven circulation in which the seawater then rises in the interior of the platform to mix and exit with the discharging meteoric water of the Floridan aquifer system. Simulation of the asymmetrically emergent Florida platform with the new three-dimensional (3-D), finite-element groundwater flow and transport model SUTRA-MS, which couples salinity- and temperature-dependent density variations, allows analysis of how much of the cyclic flow is due to geothermal heating (free convection) as opposed to mixing with meteoric water discharging to the shoreline (forced convection). Simulation of the system with and without geothermal heating reveals that the inflow of seawater from the Straits of Florida would be similar without the heat flow, but the distribution would differ significantly. The addition of heat flow reduces the asymmetry of the circulation: it decreases seawater inflows on the Atlantic side by 8% and on the Gulf of Mexico side by half. The study illustrates the complex interplay of freshwater-saltwater mixing, geothermal heat flow, and projected dolomitization in complicated 3-D settings with asymmetric boundary conditions and realistic horizontal and vertical variations in hydraulic properties.
Unidirectional ring resonators for self-starting passively mode-locked lasers.

Mode pulling and etalon effects have been claimed to prevent self-starting in passively mode-locked lasers that use fast saturable absorbers. A unidirectional ring geometry significantly reduces backscatter coupling and thus should facilitate self-starting. We present supportive evidence and demonstrate true self-starting in self-stabilized, passively mode-locked Ti:sapphire and erbium fiber lasers.
Propagation of a double-stream instability in a plasma

The problem of the propagation of a perturbation initially localized is considered in the case of an unstable plasma. We use a linearized theory (which puts a time limitation for the validity of the theory) and a one-dimensional geometry. One finds that the front of the instability propagates with a velocityv0. Still the main part of the energy diffuses slowly,i.e., is localized in a zone the dimension of which increases as\(\sqrt t \). This problem is connected with the problem of absolutevs. convective instability.
Optimization of machining conditions with practical constraints

This paper presents a model for the optimization of machining conditions in a multi-pass turning operation. Both rough cutting and finishing cutting are considered in the model and dual optimization of cost functions for each subproblem is pursued. The preventive tool replacement strategy used in practice is incorporated. Machining idle time is also regarded as a variable. After practical constraints are established, optimization is carried out using the dynamic programming method. An example illustrates the formulation of the problem and the optimization procedure
Semiparametic Nonlinear Least-Squares Estimation of Truncated Regression Models

This article provides a semiparametric method for the estimation of truncated regression models where the disturbances are independent of the regressors before truncation. This independence property provides useful information on model identification and estimation. Our estimate is shown to be -consistent and asymptotically normal. A consistent estimate of the asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimator is provided. Monte Carlo experiments are performed to investigate some finite sample properties of the estimator.
Recent advances in conjugated polymer energy storage

This review covers recent advances in conjugated polymers and their application in energy storage. Conjugated polymers are promising cost-effective, lightweight, and flexible electrode materials. The operating principles of conjugated polymers are presented within the framework of their potential for energy storage. Special focus is given to polyaniline electrodes. Recent advances are reviewed including new methods of synthesis, nanostructuring, and assembly. Also, covered are applications that take full advantage of the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers and future applications of these novel materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Connections of the medial posterior parietal cortex (area 7m) in the monkey

The afferent and efferent cortical and subcortical connections of the medial posterior parietal cortex (area 7m) were studied in cebus (Cebus apella) and macaque (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys using the retrograde and anterograde capabilities of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. The principal intraparietal corticocortical connections of area 7m in both cebus and macaque cases were with the ipsilateral medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus (MIP) and adjacent superior parietal lobule (area 5), inferior parietal lobule (area 7a), lateral bank of the IPS (area 7ip), caudal parietal operculum (PGop), dorsal bank of the caudal superior temporal sulcus (visual area MST), and medial prestriate cortex (including visual area PO and caudalmedial lobule). Its principal frontal corticocortical connections were with the prefrontal cortex in the shoulder above the principal sulcus and the cortex in the shoulder above the superior ramus of the arcuate sulcus (SAS), the area purported to contain the smooth eye movement-related frontal eye field (FEFsem) in the cebus monkey by other investigators. There were moderate connections with the cortex in the rostral bank of the arcuate sulcus (purported to contain the saccade-related frontal eye field; FEFsac), supplementary eye field (SEF), and rostral dorsal premotor area (PMDr). Area 7m also had major connections with the cingulate cortex (area 23), particularly the ventral bank of the cingulate sulcus. The principal subcortical connections of area 7m were with the dorsal portion of the ventrolateral thalamic (VLc) nucleus, lateral posterior thalamic nucleus, lateral pulvinar, caudal mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and medial pulvinar, central lateral, central superior lateral, and central inferior intralaminar thalamic nuclei, dorsolateral caudate nucleus and putamen, middle region of the claustrum, nucleus of the diagonal band, zona incerta, pregeniculate nucleus, anterior and posterior pretectal nuclei, intermediate layer of the superior colliculus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch and dorsomedial parvicellular red nucleus (macaque cases only), dorsal, dorsolateral and lateral basilar pontine nuclei, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, locus ceruleus, and superior central nucleus. The findings are discussed in terms of the possibility that area 7m contains a “medial parietal eye field” and belongs to a neural network of oculomotor-related structures that plays a role in the control of eye movement. Anat Rec 263:215–236, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modeling evaporation of Jet A, JP-7, and RP-1 drops at 1 to 15 bars

A model describing the evaporation of an isolated drop of a multicomponent fuel containing hundreds of species has been developed. The model is based on continuous thermodynamics concepts wherein the composition of a fuel is statistically described using a probability distribution function (PDF). Following previous studies, this PDF is parametrized on the species molar weight. However, unlike in previous studies, a unified formulation is developed wherein the same PDF holds for three major homologous hydrocarbon classes. The new PDF is a double-Gamma-PDF that is parametrized on the square root of the molar weight. The additional advantage of the formulation is that it is valid in the subcritical region from 1 to 15 bars. Discrete species distributions for Jet A, JP-7, and RP-1 are fitted using this novel PDF and extensive calculations for isolated drops of these kerosenes are performed. The results show that under the quasi-steady gas phase assumption, the D^2 law is recovered after an initial transient. The evaporation constant is an increasing function of the far field temperature and pressure and a complex function of far field composition according to the values of the far field temperature and pressure. The difference between the surface and the far field vapor molar fraction is nearly independent of the far field pressure. The composition of the vapor at the drop surface is kerosene-fuel specific. A comparison between results obtained with a model assuming the drop interior to be well mixed and a model wherein the drop may evaporate either in a well-mixed mode or at unchanging composition shows that the percentage difference between the evaporation constant predicted by the two models is within the range of uncertainty in the transport properties.
Lunar activity from recent gas release

Returned lunar samples have established that widespread lunar volcanism ceased about 3.2 billion years ago and although 'last-gasp' eruptions of thin basalts continued to less than 1.0 billion years ago, the general view is that the Moon is unaffected by internal processes today. Yet the Apollo and Lunar Prospector missions both detected evidence for the release of gas (radon) from the lunar interior. A new analysis of lunar features that appear to have been 'freshened' as recently as several million years ago suggests that the surface freshening may have been caused by a 'dusting-off' due to the sudden escape of gases along deep-seated fractures. Such areas may hold clues for the deep interior and would be good candidate sites for further exploration by upcoming missions. Patches of the lunar regolith in the Ina structure were recently removed, with the number of superimposed small craters and the 'freshness' of the regolith indicating that features within this structure must be as young as 10 million years. It is suggested that these result from recent, episodic out-gassing from deep within the Moon. Samples of material returned from the Moon have established that widespread lunar volcanism ceased about 3.2 Gyr ago. Crater statistics and degradation models indicate that last-gasp eruptions of thin basalt flows continued until less than 1.0 Gyr ago1, but the Moon is now considered to be unaffected by internal processes today, other than weak tidally driven moonquakes2 and young fault systems3. It is therefore widely assumed that only impact craters have reshaped the lunar landscape over the past billion years. Here we report that patches of the lunar regolith in the Ina structure2,3,4,5 were recently removed. The preservation state of relief, the number of superimposed small craters, and the ‘freshness’ (spectral maturity) of the regolith together indicate that features within this structure must be as young as 10 Myr, and perhaps are still forming today. We propose that these features result from recent, episodic out-gassing from deep within the Moon. Such out-gassing probably contributed to the radiogenic gases detected during past lunar missions. Future monitoring (including Earth-based observations) should reveal the composition of the gas, yielding important clues to volatiles archived at great depth over the past 4–4.5 Gyr.
Experimental investigation of steady flow through a model of the human aortic arch

Abstract Steady flow through a model of the human aortic arch has been studied with hot-film anemometry. A three sensor hot-film velocity probe was inserted into an acrylic flow chamber fabricated from the in situ casting of a human aorta, and the axial, radial and tangential velocity profiles were determined for steady flows in the region of the aortic arch. These studies demonstrated the presence of a potential core throughout the arch region, with a concomitant boundary layer adjacent to the inner wall of curvature of the arch. Trapped secondary flows in this fluid layer along the inner wall were quantitatively determined. Our steady flow studies in the model human aortic arch suggests that a shear-dependent mass transfer mechanism may play a significant role in the development and propagation of atherosclerotic lesions in this segment of the human cardiovascular system.
Who's at risk? Factors associated with intimate partner violence in the Philippines

We describe the individual and household characteristics associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) in the Philippines, using data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS). We also examine 56 in-depth interview transcripts to explore the context of IPV. We focus our analysis on patterns of household decision-making as a measure of the interpersonal dynamics between husbands and wives. Thirteen percent of women in our sample reported IPV. While economic factors are often implicated in the cycle of violence in households, we find employment status and relative earnings do not predict IPV. Lower levels of household wealth and urban residence are associated with a higher likelihood of IPV. Patterns of household decision-making emerge as strong predictors of violence. The greater the number of decision-making domains men dominate, the more likely they are to use IPV; however, we also find that when women dominate household decisions, they are also more likely to experience IPV. Only 6% of women reported IPV when all household decisions were made jointly compared to 25% when no decisions were made jointly.
Violence against women: Physical and mental health effects. Part I: Research findings

Abstract Interpersonal violence is a ubiquitous source of fear, distress, and injury in the lives of women in the United States, crossing lines of age, race, ethnicity, and economic status ( Coley & Beckett, 1988 ; Frieze & Browne, 1989 ; Koss, 1988 ; Straus, Gelles, & Steinmetz, 1980 ). In recent years, the public health community has become increasingly aware that “this violence is a serious public health problem … [and that] nonfatal interpersonal violence has far-reaching consequences in terms of morbidity and quality of life” ( Center for Disease Control, 1985 , p. 739). This article reviews the physical and mental health effects on adult women of physical abuse and sexual assault, and describes their implications for mental health research and practice.
Resistance of Flat-Plate Buildings against Progressive Collapse. II: System Response

AbstractUsing a macromodeling approach and alternate path method, dynamic and static analyses are performed to assess the progressive collapse resistance of a multistory reinforced concrete flat-plate building lacking structural integrity reinforcement in the slabs. Two loading scenarios, instantaneous removal of an exterior column and interior column, are considered. The dynamic analyses examine the potential of progressive collapse of the building, the dynamic demands on global and local nonlinear deformations, the effects of strain rate in materials, and the development of compressive membrane action. The effectiveness of an energy-based nonlinear static analysis procedure is examined for equivalently estimating the peak dynamic global and local responses caused by sudden column removal. The analyses indicate that older flat-plate buildings are vulnerable to progressive collapse; the combined effects from strain rate and compressive membrane action can significantly increase punching resistance; energy...
Adaptive supply voltage technique for low swing interconnects

The increase in power consumption due to interconnects and the variation in delays (delay spread) among long interconnects are becoming important issues for design of high performance and low power circuits in scaled technologies. In this paper we propose an adaptive supply voltage technique for low swing interconnects. The proposed technique assigns different supply voltages to drive interconnects based on their delay. The voltage assignment is done only once during the initialization period of the circuit. Hence, there is no extra power consumption in the active mode. We also show that there is an optimum number of supply voltages required to achieve maximum power saving. Simulation results show that for a maximum power saving. Simulation results show that for a set of 64 buses we can achieve 42.8% and 55.9% reductions in the power consumption and delay spread, respectively.
Gap-junctional protein connexin 43 is expressed in dermis and epidermis of human skin: differential modulation by retinoids.

Retinoids are affective modulators of proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes in vivo and in Vitro. In mouse 10T1/2 cells, retinoid action on proliferation and neoplastic transformations correlated with the upregulation of gap-junctional communication and expression of connexin 43 (Cx43). In the present study we have determined if retinoids induce similar effects on gene expression in human skin. Studies were conducted in intact skin and on cultured keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. In a clinical study, 2 weeks of treatment with 0.05% all-trans retinoic acid resulted in increased expression of Cx43 mRNA and protein in epidermis. Expression occurred predominantly in the suprabasal layer. Cultured cells exhibited a differential response to retinoic acid. In keratinocytes, increased expression of Cx43 occurred at low (10-11 M) concentrations, whereas inhibition occurred at high (10-7 M) concentrations; however, junctional communication, measured by dye transfer, was not altered over this concentration range. Dermal fibroblasts, in contrast, exhibited a dose-dependent increased expression of Cx43 at concentrations up to 10-7 M retinoic acid and proportionately increased their junctional communication over this dose range. These data indicate that control of Cx43 gene expression by retinoids in human skin cells is complex. The production of gradients of junctional channels could play a role in the control of growth and differentiation in epidermis.