cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Environment for Structural Configuration Design

SUMMARY Structural design is a mature field of engineering. The relatively recent efforts for lightweight structures have motivated increasing use of formal mathematical optimization techniques for selecting the shape and sizes of structural members. How to obtain rigorous optimal topologies has been an elusive goal until the very recent introduction of the homogenization method. The present article describes a system for designing complete structures from only an initial space and loading specifications. A three–phase design process is followed: generate an approximate topological image with homogenization, process the image to obtain a practical realistic structure, and refine the final topology by detailed shape and size optimization. An overview of the system at its present state of development is given together with some examples.
Management of voiding dysfunction after anti-incontinence operation

With the increasing number of surgery for incontinence, voiding dysfunction after anti-incontinence surgery will continue to be a problem. The patient with postoperative voiding dysfunction may present with primarily storage symptoms or voiding symptoms, or a combination of both. Detailed knowledge of the preoperative voiding status may aid in the diagnosis of voiding dysfunction. Diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, urinalysis and postvoid residual volume, but additional informations from urodynamic study and cystoscopy are useful. Patients with postoperative voiding dysfunction should be initially treated conservatively with intermittent or continuous catheterization, fluid restriction, anticholinergics and pelvic floor physiotherapy. When conservative treatment fails, surgical intervention should be done. It is important to distinguish between midurethral sling and other procedures because the timing and type of intervention vary. In case of midurethral sling, loosening or cutting the tape has had excellent results. Prevention of obstruction during surgery may be the best way to avoid reoperation.
Inhibition of apple fruit 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase activity and respiration by acetylsalicylic acid

Summary Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) inhibited ethylene production of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Granny Smith) fruit discs in a concentration and time-dependent fashion. Activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACQ oxidase was inhibited both in vivo and in vitro by acetylsalicylic acid, both Vmax and Km decreased as acetylsalicylic acid concentration increased. The apparent Ki was 0.12 mmol·L−1. We conclude acetylsalicylic acid inhibits ethylene production by inhibiting ACC oxidase activity. For unknown reasons, acetylsalicylic acid also inhibited fruit respiration.
Haloperidol and contingency management in a case of anorexia nervosa

Abstract This report describes an unplanned study that was subjected to a single-subject experimental analysis to assess the effects of haloperidol and contingency management on weight gain and hyperactivity in a 17-year-old hospitalized anorectic female. Following a baseline phase, the treatment consisted of 6 phases: Phase 1—haloperidol and artane only; Phase 2— haloperidol combined with reinforcement and feedback for weight gain; Phase 3—haloperidol placebo, artane, reinforcement and feedback for weight maintenance; Phase 4—placebo, artane, reinforcement, and feedback for weight maintenance; Phase 5—placebo discontinued; Phase 6— fading of reinforcement and feedback. The results do not permit firm conclusions to be drawn regarding the relationship between pharmacologic and behavioral treatments of anorexia nervosa. However, it does demonstrate the potential of single-subject experimental analysis in assessing pharmacotherapy combined with behavior therapy for anorectic patients.
A Comparative Analysis of Two Artificial Neural Networks Using Pavement Performance Prediction

The management of pavements requires the ongoing allocation of substantial manpower and capital resources by the responsible agencies. These agencies ultimately report to the executive and legislative branches of government, which require justification and proof of the efficacy of these expenditures. This and the need for improved engineering technical feedback have encouraged the development of pavement management systems (PMS). One goal of a PMS is to provide decision makers at all levels with optimal resource-allocation strategies. This requires evaluation of alternatives over an analysis period based on predicted values of pavement performance. This necessitates more reliable pavement performance prediction models. Traditional modeling uses multiple regression techniques to predict pavement performance from traffic, time, and pavement distress or various combinations of these factors. Within the last 10 years, new modeling techniques, including artificial neural networks (ANNs), have been applied to transportation problems. The ANNs examined usually have been of a single type called a dot product ANN. This paper examines a different type called the quadratic function ANN and compares the results to the dot product ANN. The quadratic function ANN is a generalized adaptive, feedforward neural network that combines supervised and self-organizing learning. Models were developed to predict roughness using both types of ANN on the same data samples and the results compared. The data samples were drawn from the Kansas Department of Transportation's PMS database. The results indicate a significant improvement in the use of the self-organizing quadratic function ANNs and lead to recommendations for specific areas of additional research.
Enzyme patterns in two species of Xenopus and their hybrids.

Abstract Differences in the isozyme patterns of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus mulleri have been utilized to examine the expression of alleles of both species in hybrid animals. Mitochondrial MDH and tetrazolium oxidase phenotypes were examined during the development of non-hybrid embryos of each species and of reciprocal hybrids. Early stages of the hybrids resemble the enzyme phenotype of the maternal parent. Appearance of paternal enzyme takes place just prior to the active feeding tadpole stage for both mitochondrial MDH and oxidase. The maternal effect disappears shortly thereafter in early feeding tadpoles, at which point reciprocal hybrids have identical isozyme patterns. There is no evidence for a predominance of one species over the other. Examination of feeding tadpoles and adult toads indicates that both laevis and mulleri expression is stable. The appearance of paternal mitochondrial MDH does not correspond to the time when other mitochondrial components begin to increase in Xenopus. Multiple bands of MDH in both species and of oxidase in laevis are probably not due to the aggregation of subunits produced by different alleles at the same locus. There is no evidence for the formation of “hybrid” molecules consisting of subunits of both species.
Effects of fluorine on the structures and energetics of the propynyl and propargyl radicals and their anions.

The adiabatic electron affinity (EAad) of the CH3−C⋮C• radical [experiment = 2.718 ± 0.008 eV] and the gas-phase basicity of the CH3−C⋮C:- anion [experiment = 373.4 ± 2 kcal/mol] have been compared with those of their fluorine derivatives. The latter are studied using theoretical methods. It is found that there are large effects on the electron affinities and gas-phase basicities as the H atoms of the α-CH3 group in the propynyl system are substituted by F atoms. The predicted electron affinities are 3.31 eV (FCH2−C⋮C•), 3.86 eV (F2CH−C⋮C•), and 4.24 eV (F3C−C⋮C•), and the predicted gas-phase basicities of the fluorocarbanion derivatives are 366.4 kcal/mol (FCH2−C⋮C:-), 356.6 kcal/mol (F2CH−C⋮C:-), and 349.8 kcal/mol (F3C−C⋮C:-). It is concluded that the electron affinities of fluoropropynyl radicals increase and the gas-phase basicities decrease as F atoms sequentially replace H atoms of the α-CH3 in the propynyl system. The propargyl radicals, lower in energy than the isomeric propynyl radicals, are als...
Studies of cellular proliferation in human leukemia. III. Behavior of leukemic cells in three adults with acute leukemia given continuous infusions of 3H-thymidine for 8 or 10 days

Three adults with acute leukemia were given continuous infusions of 3H-thymidine for 8 or 10 days. At the end of the infusions 88 to 93% of the leukemic cells were labeled. The leukemic cells varied in size and the flash 3H-thymidine labeling indexes were generally progressively higher in direct relation to increasing nuclear size. Almost none of the smallest leukemic cells were labeled initially, but, at the end of the infusions, most were labeled regardless of size. The few remaining unlabeled were usually small, and it is concluded that these had remained dormant for die duration of the infusions. The mean generation time of the labeled fraction of leukemic cells in one patient was about 90 hours prior to treatment and about 200 hours during prednisone therapy. In the other 2 patients, antimetabolite therapy was started immediately after the infusions and the generation times were about 100 and 200 hours. There was considerable variability in generation time among the proliferating cells in each leukemic population. The minimum could not be determined because of continual interchange between cells of different sizes as a result of cell growth prior to division and halving of volume thereafter. The data is consistent with the hypothesis that the leukemic cells behave as a self-maintaining population; we found no evidence for influx of leukemic “stem cells” from an unrecognized precursor compartment. In one patient, destruction of many of the leukemic cells by chemotherapy resulted in an increase in the 3H-thymidine labeling index and the average size of the remaining cells. Similar findings have been described for several experimental tumors in vivo and for various cell types in vitro; i.e., their-rate of proliferation varies according to their population density. Acute leukemic cells apparently grow less rapidly when their population density exceeds a critical level, but the finer alterations in kinetics which occur and the mechanism of growth inhibition are as yet unknown.
Bounce and chaotic motion in impact print hammers

The basis of this paper is a lumped-parameter description of an impact printer actuator of the stored-energy type. All constants necessary to describe the actuator and the ribbon/paper pack are derived from measurements. The equations of motion are integrated both for single- and multiple-current pulse excitation. The numerical results show that for low repetition rates, each impact is distinct and independent, but at higher rates the impacts interact. The interaction manifests itself initially as flight-time and print-force variations: Strict periodicity of the actuator motion is lost, as shown in Poincare plots for the actuator motion, and randomness sets in. At extremely high repetition rates, the actuator “hangs up” and the backstop no longer participates in the actuator dynamics. During settle-out the actuator motion is extremely sensitive to the timing of the current excitation. This fact can, in principle, be exploited to achieve extremely fast cycle times. However, without knowledge of the state of the actuator, as is commonly the case, this sensitivity is detrimental to print quality.
The relative price of tradables and nontradables and the U.S. trade balance

The real exchange rate is defined as the relative price of nontradables and tradables. An index of the relative price is constructed for the U.S. and used to explain net exports. The index appears to perform better in explaining net exports than a comparable purchasing power parity real exchange rate. The relative price of nontradables, in turn, is shown to be cointegrated with a set of variables that drive the demand for and supply of nontradables. These variables capture long-run structural and demographic changes of the U.S. economy, such as the increased demand for medical services.
Definitional skill in school-age children with specific language impairment.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the definitional skills in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Fifteen children with SLI and 15 matched control participants were asked to define 10 common high-frequency nouns (e.g., apple, horse, and boat). Definitions were scored for both content and form. Children with SLI scored significantly lower than children with typically developing language for both content and form. Results suggest that lexical access and/or lack of metalinguistic knowledge were potential causes for the lower scores earned by the children with SLI when defining common nouns. Implications for assessment of and intervention for definitional skill are discussed. Learning outcomes: The reader will be able to explain the importance of definitional skill and how this skill generally develops in typically developing children. The reader will be able to describe the performance, in terms of content and form, of children with SLI and their typically developing peers in defining common high-frequency nouns. The reader will also be able to discuss what possible impact linguistic knowledge, metalinguistic knowledge, and lexical access have on children with SLI in defining the common nouns in this study.
Rebuchia ovata, its vegetative morphology and classification with the zosterophyllophytina

Abstract The vegetative morphology of Rebuchia ovata (Dorf) Hueber consists of a smooth, dichotomously branching axis in which the branches are tapered to bluntly pointed tips. Basal portions of the plant remain unknown. Round, unornamented spores have been isolated from the sporangia. The spike of sporangia, typical of the genus, exhibits a well developed dorsiventral form that results from the uniformly compact arrangement of the sporangia in two rows along one side of the axis. The sporangia arranged oppositely to suboppositely and distichously, are directed around to one side of the axis by curvature of the stalks supporting them. The morphology of the spike is unique among members of the Zosterophyllophytina. The form of the spike in combination with the characters of the vegetative portions of the plant is sufficient evidence to maintain the identity of the genus rather than relegate it to synonymy with Zosterophyllum . The species Rebuchia mucronata (Hoeg) Hueber is placed in synonymy with R. ovata . The genera that comprise the Zosterophyllophytina, i.e., Zosterophyllum, Rebuchia, Sawdonia, Gosslingia and Crenaticaulis , are so closely related by characters of the sporangia, vegetative parts and anatomy, where known, that I do not support the proposal to divide them between two families. Evidence that is summarized here suggests that significant divergence of characters is not adequate to establish another family beyond the Zosterophyllaceae. The only separation that seems practical in light of present knowledge of the group is on the basis of the spiral or bilateral arrangement of the sporangia on the fertile axes. Zosterophyllum is divided here into two sub-genera, the sub-genus Zosterophyllum and the subgenus Platy-zosterophyllum . The genera Gosslingia, Sawdonia and Crenaticaulis are treated as ones in which the distribution of their sporangia in relationship to the whole plant is undetermined or undescribed. The geologic range of Rebuchia , based on current information, is Siegenian-Emsian (mid- and upper Lower Devonian). Identificationsof the genus in younger strata are questionable.
Co-current axisymmetric flow in complex geometries: Experiments

Abstract The interface location and velocity profiles in co-current low-Reynolds number flow of immiscible Newtonian and viscoelastic liquids through a sudden expansion were measured using laser speckle photography. The results were compared with the flow of the same liquids through a sudden contraction, as well as to the expansion and contraction flow of single liquids. The flow structure is very sensitive to the viscosity ratio, but is insensitive to whether or not the fluids are viscoelastic when the viscosity ratio is large.
Model checking software systems: a case study

Abstract : Model checking is a proven successful technology for verifying hardware. It works, however, on only fInite state machines, and most software systems have infInitely many states. Our approach to applying model checking to software hinges on identifying appropriate abstractions that exploit the nature of both the system, S, and the property, phi to be verifIed. We check phi on an abstracted, but fInite, model of S. Following this approach we verified three cache coherence protocols used in distributed file systems. These protocols have to satisfy this property: 'If a client believes that a cached file is valid then the authorized server believes that the client's copy is valid.' In our finite model of the system, we need only represent the 'beliefs' that a client and a server have about a cached file; we can abstract from the caches, the files' contents, and even the files themselves. Moreover, by successive application of the generalization rule from predicate logic, we need only consider a model with at most two clients, one server, and one file. We used McMillan's SMV model checker; on our most complicated protocol, SMV took less than 1 second to check over 43,600 reachable states.
Optical tomography with large data sets and analytic reconstruction formulas

We use diffuse optical tomography to reconstruct images of complex phantoms with subcentimeter features. A noncontact scanner collects large data sets of over 108 measurements. Images are reconstructed using a fast analytic inversion formula.
Geophysical categorization of the precambrian in South India

The ground follow-up of a magnetic and radiometric air survey had to cope with the usual dilemma to check a great number of anomalies within a short time. A limited aggregate of magnetic anomalies, expected to correspond to magnetite quartzites was statistically selected for ground identification by this method: the ratios length/width times amplitude were listed for all coherent contours and the calculation of the standard deviation per unit area resulted in different key-numbers for a new lithological “Salem Unit” and for the charnockitic or gneissic environment. The ground work thus directed and reduced by 85% yielded a substantial potential of iron ore. This was supported by by abundant determinations of the magnetic susceptibilities, confirming the sources of anomalies and revealing the amenabilities of iron ores for the magnetic separation process. The lines of truncation of anomalies were found to represent a system of local and regional faults and shear zones, which segregated the area into different tectonic blocks. These sutures have also provided the ways of intrusion for alkaline and basic magmae in the style of a “Rift” structure, housing several carbonatites and impregnations of metal sulphides. The airborne radiometrics obtained many uranium indications by gamma ray spectrometry. However, they led only to disseminated uranium-silicates, associated with syenites, granites and pegmatites, each emanating a characteristic photon energy spectrum. But in general the radiation of thorium prevails, marking northern Madras as a “Thorium Province”.
Embedding Free-Floating Cells and Microscopic Particles: Serum Albumin Coagulum—Epoxy Resin

Small quantities of cells or microscopic particles are fixed in suspension, centrifuged at low speed in a conical tube and the supernatant fluid removed as completely as possible. The pellet is resuspended in 0.25 ml of 2% bovine serum albumin (in 0.05 M Tris buffer, pH 7.5) and transferred to a small, conical cellulose tube (Beckman #303369). One drop of 25% glutaraldehyde is mixed with the suspension and the tube is quickly centrifuged in a swinging bucket rotor. A gel forms in about 5 min and the coagulum can be cut and processed through embedding like small blocks of tissue.
An ab Initio Quantum Mechanical Study of Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes of Biological Interest

A series of hydrogen-bonded dimers are examined via several quantum mechanics (QM) methods, including the Hartree−Fock (HF), second-order Moller−Plesset perturbation (MP2), and local MP2 (LMP2) the...
An efficient algorithm for state estimation problems with coupling inequality constraints

In this paper, we propose an efficient duality based algorithm to solve the state estimation problems with coupling inequality constraints. The proposed algorithm is imbedded with two techniques, the first is the parallel block scaled gradient technique which can solve the unconstrained minimization problem induced by the unconstrained dual problem in the solution iterative process, the second one is the modified Active set strategy based DPPQN technique can solve the disjoint small projection problems induced by the coupling linear constraints efficiently. We combine these two techniques with a Projected Jacobin method possessing decomposition effects. With the decomposition, our algorithm is computationally efficient. We test our method in solving numerous examples of state estimation problems with coupling inequality constraints in IEEE 118-bus system. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient in solving the problems and successfully handle the coupling inequality constraints. Furthermore, the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm is more significant while the numbers of coupling inequality constraints and/or inequality constraints are increased.
Multimodal regimes in a compartmental model of the dopamine neuron

We study chains of strongly electrically coupled relaxation oscillators modeling dopamine neurons. When individual oscillators are in the regime close to an Andronov–Hopf bifurcation (AHB), the coupled system exhibits a variety of oscillatory behavior. We show that the proximity of individual oscillators to the AHB has a significant impact on the system dynamics in a wide range of parameters. It manifests itself through a family of stable multimodal periodic solutions that are composed out of large-amplitude relaxation oscillations and small-amplitude oscillations. This family of solutions has a rich bifurcation structure. The waveform and the period vary greatly across the family. The structure and bifurcations of the stable periodic solutions of the coupled system are investigated using numerical and analytic techniques.
Approximate analysis of postbuckled through-width delaminations

An approximate analysis was developed to analyze the postbuckling behavior of through-width delaminations in a laminated coupon. The analysis contains two parameters which are determined using a finite element analysis. After calculating the parameters for a few configurations, the approximate analysis was used to analyze many other configurations. Lateral deflections and mode I strain-energy release rates obtained with the approximate analysis were compared with results from the finite element analysis. For the configurations analyzed, the approximate analysis agreed very well with the finite element results.
Maternal deaths due to homicide and other injuries in North Carolina: 1992-1994.

Abstract Objective: To determine the role of homicide and other injuries in maternal deaths in North Carolina over the three-year period from 1992 through 1994. Methods: Maternal deaths were identified from death certificates that indicated a maternal death and through an enhanced surveillance system that matches death certificates with live-birth and fetal-death certificates. Deaths were classified as direct, indirect, medically unrelated, or injury-related. Patterns of prenatal care were ascertained from the matching live-birth or fetal-death certificates. Maternal death rates for whites and nonwhites were calculated. Results: The most common cause of maternal death was injury, accounting for 62 of the 167 deaths (37%). Homicide was the most common cause of injury-related death (35.5%). The relative risk of maternal death for nonwhites compared with whites was 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6, 2.1). Similarly, their relative risk for injury-related maternal death was 1.7 (95% CI 1.4, 2.2). Conclusion: It is essential to include an analysis of injury-related deaths in maternal mortality reporting. As the most common cause of maternal deaths, injury is not limited to densely populated, metropolitan areas. Counseling regarding injury prevention, domestic violence, and depression should be a part of both prenatal and postpartum care.
Spacecraft-Doppler gravity-wave detection. I. Theory

It is the purpose of this paper to produce a self-contained summary of the methods which may be used to analyze data in the newly developing field of spacecraft-Doppler gravity-wave detection. Three algorithms are developed. The first is a near-optimal matched filter which produces a $\sqrt{2}$ improvement in signal-to-noise ratio for purposes of detecting short bursts of gravitational radiation. The second two methods are to be used in the search for the cosmic background, the one concentrating on the spectrum of the Doppler data and the other concentrating on the autocorrelation function. It is shown that these two methods are theoretically equivalent, although the autocorrelation method may be somewhat easier to use. The gain of these algorithms is shown to be $\ensuremath{\propto}\sqrt{n}$ where $n$ is the number of data points in the Doppler record.
Fabrication-limited design of a reconfigurable PBG MEMS waveguide device

We report on our design and fabrication of a semiconductor based photonic bandgap nano-membrane device with MEMS features. This device could be used as a basic building block for a reconfigurable optoelectronic integrated circuit that can be reprogrammed for many different functionalities.
Effective-Whistle Blowing

Whistle-blowing is often assumed to benefit society at large—whether from the view of 60 Minutes or from that of the members of the nearly 40 state legislatures that have passed statutes to protect whistle-blowers. Yet empirical research on conditions that lead whistle-blowers to be effective in getting organizational wrongdoing stopped is woefully absent. Encouraging whistle-blowing is inappropriate unless a person knows something about those variables that increase the likelihood that whistle-blowing will be effective. We present a model of effective whistle-blowing, from which we derive a set of propositions, based on theory and preliminary research in the area. It is hoped that this model will provide a research agenda for exploring a question of obvious importance practically as well as theoretically.
Nasal symptoms after radioiodine therapy: a rarely described side effect with similar frequency to lacrimal dysfunction.

Background: Salivary and lacrimal side effects of radioiodine therapy have been carefully described. However, nasal side effects are rarely described. The objective of this study was to document the frequency of nasal side effects in comparison to the already well-documented lacrimal side effects and to determine contributing risk factors. Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of 807 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who received care at an academic medical center was conducted. Four hundred eleven patients who received treatment with radioactive iodine (RAI) were identified and included in the analysis. The frequency of both nasal and lacrimal side effects was ascertained. Factors that may have contributed to patients sustaining nasal damage after RAI therapy were also documented. These factors included radioactive iodine dose, method of preparation for receiving RAI therapy, and patient characteristics. Results: The mean dose of RAI administered was 109 mCi. Forty-three patien...
Poinsettia growth, tissue nutrient concentration, and nutrient uptake as influenced by nitrogen form and stage of growth

Abstract Growth, development, and uptake of essential nutrients as influenced by nitrogen (N) form and growth stage was evaluated for ‘Freedom’ poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotz.). Treatments consisted of five nitrate (NH4 +):ammonium (NO3 ‐) ratios (% NH4 +:% NO3 ‐) of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 with a total N concentration of 150 mg L‐1. Plants were grown in solution culture for ten weeks under greenhouse conditions. Nutrient uptake data was combined into three physiological growth stages. Growth stage I (GSI) included early vegetative growth (long days). Growth stage II (GSII) began at floral induction and leaf and bract expansion (short days). Growth stage III (GSIII) was from visible bud through anthesis and harvest. Dry weights for all plant parts and height increased as the ratio of NO3 ‐ increased. Leaf area and bract area were maximized with 25:75 and 50:50 N treatments, respectively. Nitrogen treatments significantly affected foliar nutrient concentrations with calciu...
Movement Analysis in Rock-Climbers

The goal of this demonstration is to present a system developed to calculate the energy generated in the limbs of a rock climber. We are interested in showing the difference between the movements of a beginner, intermediate, and an advanced climber.
Overspray and Interstage Fog Cooling in Compressor Using Stage-Stacking Scheme: Part 2—Case Study

A stage-by-stage wet-compression theory and algorithm have been developed for overspray and interstage fogging in the compressor. This theory and algorithm are used to calculate the performance of an 8-stage compressor under both dry and wet compressions. A 2D compressor airfoil geometry and stage setting at the mean radius are employed. Six different cases with and without overspray have been investigated and compared. The stage pressure ratio enhances during all fogging cases as does the overall pressure ratio, with saturated fogging (no overspray) achieving the highest pressure ratio. Saturated fogging reduces specific compressor work, but increases the total compressor power due to increased mass flow rate. The results of overspray and interstage spray unexpectedly show that both the specific and overall compressor power do not reduce but actually increase. Analysis shows this increased power is contributed by increased pressure ratio and, for interstage overspray, "recompression" contributes to more power consumption. Also it is unexpected to see that air density actually decreases, instead of increases, inside the compressor with overspray. Analysis shows that overspray induces an excessive reduction of temperature that leads to an appreciable reduction of pressure, so the increment of density due to reduced temperature is less than decrement of air density affected by reduced pressure as air follows the polytropic relationship. In contrast, saturated fogging results in increased density as expected. After the interstage spray, the local blade loading immediately showed a significantly increase. Fogging increases axial velocity, flow coefficient, blade inlet velocity, incidence angle, and tangential component of velocity. The analysis also assesses the use of an average shape factor in the generalized compressor stage performance curve when the compressor stage information and performance map are not available. The result indicates that using a constant shape factor might not be adequate because the compressor performance map may have changed with wet compression. The results of non-stagestacking simulation are shown to underpredict the compressor power by about 6% and net GT output by about 2% in the studied cases.
The production of vesicular stomatitis virus by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes and continuous lymphoblastoid lines.

A variety of lymphoid cell populations were examined in terms of their ability to replicate vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a lytic, RNA-containing virus maturing at the cell surface. The number of cells capable of producing VSV was estimated in terms of infectious centers by the virus plaque assay (VPA), and morphologically by electron microscopy (EM). The lymphoid cells examined in this study included: (a) lymph node cells from delayed hypersensitive guinea pigs stimulated by specific antigen, (b) mouse spleen cells activated by selective bone marrow-derived (B) cell and thymus derived (T) cell mitogens, and (c) cells of human and murine continuous lymphoblastoid or lymphoma lines. In unstimulated cultures of guinea pig lymph node cells there is a background of approximately 1 in 1,000 cells which produces VSV; in purified protein derivative (PPD)-stimulated cultures the number of cells producing virus was 1.6% in the VPA and 1.9% by EM. These cells were large lymphocytes with some morphological features of transformed lymphocytes but were not typical blast cells. A few macrophages were associated with virus in both stimulated and control cultures. These observations indicate that (a) cells responsive to antigens, as detected by a marker virus, were lymphocytes; (b) cells other than lymphocytes (macrophages) were capable of replicating VSV even without antigenic stimulation; and (c) the correlation of results obtained by VPA and morphologic examination was usually quite good. Of the total number of mouse spleen cells stimulated with concanavalin (Con A), a T cell mitogen, 4.5 (EM)–5.7% (VPA) were associated with VSV. These were characteristic transformed lymphocytes, similar to phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes. In contrast Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse spleen cultures contained lower numbers of virus plaque-forming cells. The majority of such cells associated with virus displayed extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. Two cultured murine lymphomas containing lymphocytes with the θ surface marker (L5178Y and EL-4) showed a 15–100-fold higher incidence of virus-producing cells than leukemias (L1210 and C57Bl/6) which did not carry this marker. Similarly, the L2C guinea pig leukemia, a known B cell leukemia, yielded a low percent of virus plaque-forming cells (<2%). However, MOPC-104, a plasma cell tumor presumed to be of B cell origin, was found to be an efficient virus producer. There was a wide variation in the efficiency of VSV replication among human lymphoblastoid lines. One line, Wil-2, produced 80% infectious centers after 24 h of exposure to VSV, and all cells were associated with virus at the EM level. The relationship between the virus-producing cells and different lymphocyte subpopulations as well as the efficiency of the two assays for studying virus-producing lymphocytes is discussed.
The "Over-Anxious" Parent

This study describes the sources of anxiety in parents who report being highly anxious at pediatric visits for minor problems, despite usual management and reassurance. During a one-year period, 44 parents (0.8% of all visits; 3% of all families) were identified as "over-anxious" in a private pediatric practice. The most common sign of anxiety in these parents was the lack of satisfaction, or lack of closure, at the end of the visit. Each parent had from one to three underlying sources of anxiety in addition to the presenting complaint. The underlying sources of concern were uncovered in a brief interview and they fell into six categories: hidden agenda (28%); vulnerable child (23%); inexperienced parents (23%); psychosocially stressed parents (14%); iatrogenic anxiety (7%); and the chronically anxious parent (4%). Reassurance alone did not relieve anxiety for these parents. However, their anxiety decreased when the physician recognized and treated their specific underlying concerns. Techniques are suggested for understanding and treating "over-anxious" parents in the practice setting.
Sensing the light: photoreceptive systems and signal transduction in cyanobacteria

Photosynthetic prokaryotes have highly developed abilities to detect and react to environmental signals. Light sensing is one of the most important capabilities of organisms that use light for photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis. This review addresses photoreception in cyanobacteria from the perception of light through the physiological responses observed in response to light-dependent signalling. Recent progress made in our understanding of the structure and function of photosensory receptors and their downstream effector molecules is discussed.
Angiotropic malignant melanoma: a rare pattern of local metastases.

Abstract We report a case of angiotropic malignant melanoma and review previously reported cases. Vessel walls should be scanned for tumor cells in biopsy and re-excision specimens of melanoma. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:829-32.)
C. Miller Fisher: An Appreciation

In an era when almost anyone of note is called a star, superstar, or legend, the death of Dr Fisher in April 2012 at 98 years was the loss of a true once-in-a-generation figure. A brief outline of the bulleted dates in the biography of Dr Fisher shows his birth in Waterloo, Ontario, in December 1913, receipt of medical degree from University of Toronto in 1938, service in the Canadian Navy with transfer on loan to the British Royal Navy, and 3.5-year internment in a German prisoner of war camp from 1940 to 1944, training in neurology and neuropathology at the Montreal Neurological Institute and Boston City Hospital to 1949, faculty position at Montreal General Hospital to 1954, and subsequent move to Massachusetts General Hospital under the leadership of Dr Raymond D. Adams. I have been unable to ascertain a date when Dr Fisher officially left Massachusetts General Hospital, an event many at this institution would say has not occurred. As chair of the International Stroke Conference Program Committee, I was exceedingly privileged to deliver In Memoriam remarks at the conference in February 2013 summarized in the current article. These represent personal reflections on a legendary investigator, healer, and teacher from a tremendously grateful pupil, who was no more than a blip on Dr Fisher’s extraordinarily rich radar screen. For more complete treatments (including a reprinting of Dr Louis Caplan’s 1982 accurate and …
Leaching of Devitrified Glass Containing Simulated SRP Nuclear Waste

Time-temperature transformation curves have been determined for SRL-165 and SRL-131 waste glasses for all potential waste compositions. SRL-165 glasses, which contain less alkali, exhibit less complex devitrification and higher overall durability than SRL-131 waste glasses. Devitrification was found to have less effect on the durability of waste glasses than changes in composition. Non-uniform dissolution at the glass leached layer interface is observed. However, leached layers formed after 28 days shield the crystal interfaces from further dissolution.
Cooperative Relay Scheduling under Partial State Information in Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks

Sensors equipped with energy harvesting and cooperative communication capabilities are a viable solution to the power limitations of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) associated with current battery technology. However, the optimal scheduling of transmissions in such networks is challenging due to the requirement of complete state information of the relay nodes. This paper addresses the problem of transmission scheduling in such networks when only partial state information about the relays is available at the source. We formulate the scheduling problem as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP), and show that it can be decomposed into an equivalent Markov Decision Process (MDP) problem. Simulation results are used to show the performance of the scheduler.
Particularism in Subsaharan Africa: ‘tribalism’ in town*

A model of particularism is proposed that distinguishes bases and levels of identification, association, unions, and organization. It is constructed from the literature on urbanization in Subsaharan Africa and the author's research in Nigeria. The context of ethnicity is described as a set of concentric circles designating the more narrowly or more largely defined ethnic groups ego identifies with, recruits his/her friends from, joins in unions, and supports in formal organizations. Socioeconomic position and religion are seen as alternative bases, each again offering different levels at which to define ‘we’ as against ‘they.’ The model thus focuses attention on both: alternative contents of particularistic attachment and action, and different levels of ethnic, socioeconomic, or religious inclusiveness at which such attachment and action crystallize.
Mobile opportunistic commerce: mechanisms, architecture, and application

We present mechanisms, architectures, and an implementation addressing challenges with mobile opportunistic commerce centering on markets and mechanisms that support the procurement of goods and services in mobile settings. Our efforts seek to extend core concepts from research in electronic commerce to interactions between mobile buyers and brick and mortar businesses that have geographically situated retail offices. We focus on efficient mechanisms, infrastructure, and automation that can enable sellers and buyers to take joint advantage of the relationship of the locations of retail offices to the routes of mobile buyers who may have another primary destination. The methods promote automated vigilance about opportunities to buy and sell, and to support negotiations on the joint value to buyers and sellers including buyers' costs of divergence from their original paths to acquire services and commodities. We extend prior work on auction mechanisms to personal procurement settings by analyzing the dynamics of the cost to buyers based on preexisting plans, location, and overall context. We present mechanisms for auctions in single item, combinatorial, and multiattribute settings that take into consideration personal inconvenience costs within time-sensitive dynamic markets and challenges with privacy and fairness.
Challenges in the Care of Young Infants With Suspected Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus

As pediatric hospitalists, we often care for neonates and young infants <2 months of age that are admitted to the hospital because of concern for serious infection. Although there are certain clinical signs and symptoms that raise our concern for neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV; eg, seizures, vesicular rash, critical illness), there is considerable variability in the management of this population when these provocative symptoms are absent. Should we test for HSV in all well-appearing newborns with fever? Or should there be an age cutoff below which all newborns are tested? If we perform testing, should we always start acyclovir? Should we obtain viral studies of mucosal surfaces routinely or only when we have a high level of suspicion? What role should HSV PCR from suspected HSV lesions of the skin, eye or mouth play, as opposed to viral culture? Under what circumstances is it safe to discontinue acyclovir after the CSF HSV PCR is negative? Neonatal HSV is rare, with only ∼1500 cases in the United States each year,1 yet the consequences of delayed treatment are significant.2 There is little controversy concerning the initiation of HSV testing for infants with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of HSV. Empiric treatment with high-dose intravenous acyclovir is also not controversial because high-dose acyclovir has been the standard treatment for more than a decade and has a low side-effect profile relative to the risk of untreated HSV infection.3,4 However, for infants without clinical signs of HSV, the decision to include empiric testing and treatment is less clear. Although a maternal history of fever and primary HSV infection are associated with neonatal HSV,5 the absence of maternal history of known HSV is not helpful in predicting which infants should be evaluated for HSV infection.6 Given that many …
Organic phosphates in the red blood cells of fish.

Abstract Fish are dependent on aerobic metabolism. They respond to changes in oxygen availability by a wide spectrum of compensatory and respiratory adjustments to safeguard tissue oxygenation. Such adjustments are directed to facilitate both oxygen uptake at the gas exchange surfaces and oxygen unloading to tissues. The importance of erythrocytic organic phosphates as regards oxygen transfer has been recognised since 1967 when the ‘dramatic’ effect of 2,3DPG on human haemoglobin was first reported. The present review examines the appearance of all the major erythrocytic organic phosphates during the evolutionary radiation of fish. In addition, it provides examples illustrating qualitative and quantitative ontogenetic changes of organic phosphates in the red blood cell of several fish species and describes their effects on oxygen affinities. The interaction of the organic phosphates with haemoglobins and divalent cations are also examined. Of particular interest is the regulation of erythrocytic organic phosphates according to both environmental and physiological conditions.
Experiences in building the Clemson computational sciences program

We describe the evolution and current status of the Computational Science program at Clemson. Faculty interest generated by the acquisition of a distributed memory machine in 1986 led to the formation of a computational science working group. Various activities of the group members contributed to the formulation of certain fundamental principles of our view of computational science. We discuss these principles and indicate how they appear in our curriculum, including how currently recognized subjects may be incorporated. The syllabus of our current offering at the graduate level, which includes a significant laboratory component, is given. Rationale for an undergraduate offering and an outline of a proposed course with laboratory are presented, as well. Criteria for assessing our courses and setting directions for future changes are also discussed. We summarize the difficulties in starting interdisciplinary computational science programs and conclude with our future plans, which include statewide efforts through 'telecampus' facilities.
Perfect hashing using sparse matrix packing

Abstract This article presents a simple algorithm for packing sparse 2-D arrays into minimal 1-D arrays in O ( r 2 ) time. Retrieving an element from the packed 1-D array is O (1). This packing algorithm is then applied to create minimal perfect hashing functions for large word lists. Many existing perfect hashing algorithms process large word lists by segmenting them into several smaller lists. The perfect hashing function described in this article has been used to create minimal perfect hashing functions for unsegmented word sets of up to 5000 words. Compared with other current algorithms for perfect hashing, this algorithm is a significant improvement in terms of both time and space efficiency.
Torsional augmentation for the treatment of lateropulsion and torticollis in partial ocular tilt reaction.

Purpose We describe a new surgical treatment for lateropulsion and torticollis arising from an ocular tilt reaction. Methods Visual sensory parameters and postural abnormalities were retrospectively reviewed in a patient with a partial ocular tilt reaction who was treated with horizontal transposition of the vertical rectus muscles to surgically augment preexisting binocular torsion. Results Torsional augmentation eliminated the sensation of lateropulsion and produced almost complete resolution of her torticollis and associated body tilt. Conclusions Binocular torsional augmentation can be used to reduce both lateropulsion and torticollis in the setting of an ocular tilt reaction.