cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of naturally occurring numerical expressions in Arabic

In this paper, we define the task of Number Identification in natural context. We present and validate a language-independent semi-automatic approach to quickly building a gold standard for evaluating number identification systems by exploiting hand-aligned parallel data. We also present and extensively evaluate a robust rule-based system for number identification in natural context for Arabic for a variety of number formats and types. The system is shown to have strong performance, achieving, on a blind test, a 94.8% F-score for the task of correctly identifying number expression spans in natural text, and a 92.1% F-score for the task of correctly determining the core numerical value.
Lower cranial nerve palsy after the infrafloccular approach in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.

BACKGROUND The infrafloccular approach was introduced as a variation in microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm. However, the rate of postoperative lower cranial nerve (CN) palsy can be high. This study investigated the surgical factors in relation to the occurrence of postoperative lower CN palsy. METHODS The case records of 103 patients who underwent MVD were reviewed. Dissection around the lower CNs to approach the root exit zone of CN VII was divided into two steps - incision of the rhomboid lip at the root of the lower CNs and separation of CN IX and flocculus/choroid plexus. The correlations of these steps and other characteristics to the occurrence of lower CN palsy were analyzed. RESULTS Ten of the 103 patients suffered from postoperative transient lower CN palsy. The rhomboid lip was incised in 30 cases (29.1%), separation of CN IX and flocculus or choroid plexus was necessary in 24 cases (23.3%), and both steps were required in 7 cases (6.8%). The steps showed no correlation with postoperative lower CN palsy. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) as the offending vessel was significantly correlated with postoperative lower CN palsy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the offending PICA was the only significant factor for postoperative lower CN palsy. Therefore, correct dissection around the lower CNs, particularly for complicated PICA, is necessary to reduce the risk of postoperative lower CN palsy.
A bronchoscopic approach to benign subglottic stenosis.

Objectives:Subglottic stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the tracheal lumen at the level of subglottis (the area in between the vocal cords and the cricoid cartilage). It can cause significant sy...
Effectiveness of psychoanalysis and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy 10 years after start of treatment

Introduction The evidence of potentially greater long-term benefits of psychoanalysis (PA) in comparison to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LPP) is scarce. Aims This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of PA and LPP on different aspects of functioning and wellbeing during a 10-year follow-up from the beginning of the treatments. Methods Altogether 169 patients were included in the study: 41 patients self-selected for PA and 128 patients assigned to LPP in the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study. The eligible patients were 20–45 years of age and had a long-standing anxiety or mood disorder causing work dysfunction. Potential confounding factors were assessed at baseline and acknowledged in analyzing outcomes in personality (LPO, IIP-64, DSQ, SASB) and social functioning (SAS-SR, SOC, Perceived competence, LSS), psychiatric diagnoses (DSM-IV), symptoms (SCL-90, HDRS, HARS), work ability (SAS-work, WAI, PPF, GAF, work status), and remission, including the use of additional psychiatric treatment, measured 5 to 14 times during the 10-year follow-up. Results From the 5-year to the 7-year follow-up personality and social functioning improved significantly more in the PA than in the LPP group. In the domain of psychiatric symptoms and work ability practically no differences were found beyond the 5-year follow-up and at the final 10-year measurement, when psychiatric and work status was relatively good in both treatment groups. Conclusions PA may give additional benefits especially when personality-related long-term aims are essential and less intensive treatments are not considered to be sufficient.
A Novel Surgical Approach to Mechanical Circulatory Support in Univentricular Infants.

Background Historically, the options for mechanical circulatory support in infants, particularly those with single-ventricle physiology, have been limited and outcomes have generally been poor. We report a new approach implemented for long-term support in a series of such patients. Methods This study is a single-center case series of 7 patients with single-ventricle physiology after stage 1 palliation supported with mechanical circulatory support using a novel technique, between May 2014 and September 2015. Our technique included modification and implantation of commercially available pediatric cannulae into the common atrium and the ascending aorta or reconstructed neoaorta and utilization of a centrifugal extracorporeal pump. Results Median circulatory support duration was 64 days (range, 35 to 99). One adverse neurologic event was observed in 1 patient, and bleeding requiring reoperation in 2 patients. Support to recovery, decision, or heart transplantation was accomplished in all cases. Of all patients, 43% were successfully discharged home. Conclusions Our experience shows that long-term extracorporeal mechanical circulatory support of patients with underlying single-ventricle physiology after stage 1 palliation is feasible utilizing our technique. This approach overcomes several major challenges encountered in these patients, such as high flow requirement and stability of the cannulae, and allows extubation, rehabilitation, and at times, myocardial recovery.
Electronic nose for detection of toxic volatile organic compounds in air

We demonstrate a general approach using novel thiols to functionalize gold nanoparticles for fabricating gas sensors to detect toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. Poor selectivity and low sensitivity are common challenges for chemiresistor-based gas sensors. Gold nanoparticle-based gas sensors have the advantage of accommodating thiols for surface modification. The designed thiols with a molecular recognition motif for interaction with target analytes dramatically increase both selectivity and sensitivity of the sensors. The sensors showed a linear response relationship in a broad vapor concentration range from 0.1 ppb to 1000 ppm for various VOCs. A sensor array of the thiol functionalized gold nanoparticles enables analysis of target VOCs.
Rheological studies of functional polyurethane composite with solid additives: Part 2—Rheology of polyurethane composite with solid additives (calcium iodate particles and aluminum flakes)

The rheological dynamic characteristics of the functional polyurethane foam composite with solid additives (calcium iodate particles, aluminum flakes) were experimentally measured using an oscillat...
The biology of human papillomaviruses: from warts to cancer

Papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses that induce a variety of proliferative lesions in most mammals, including humans. Of the 66 types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) that have been identified, a subset that includes types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 51 is associated frequently with anogenital cancers. These cancers develop from precursor lesions, which, for cervical cancer, are termed cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN), and are graded from I to III depending on the degree of disruption of epithelial differentiation. Viral production occurs in low-grade lesions that are only slightly alterated in their pattern of differentiation from normal cells. The production of viral particles, genome amplification, capsid protein synthesis, and virion assembly is dependent upon differentiation and is restricted to suprabasal cells. In carcinomas, viral DNA is usually found integrated into host chromosome, and no viral production is seen. The processes of viral transcription and replication are, therefore, intimately associated with the differentiation program of epithelial cells. In the past, studies on the life cycle of human papillomavirus have been limited due to an inability to faithfully duplicate the epithelial differentiation program in vitro. Recent advances in culture systems, have overcome these problems, allowing for the propagation of HPVs in vitro. In addition, insight has been gained at the molecular level regarding the mechanisms by which these viruses contribute to malignancy, centering on the action of the E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins. Evidence suggests that these oncoproteins function by inactivating the cell cycle regulators p53 and retinoblastoma, thus providing the initial event in a multistep progression to malignancy.
Challenges and lessons from the successful implementation of automated road condition surveys on a large highway system

Signal processing based automated road condition surveys (ARCS) system are the solution for the current unsafe, subjective and labor-intensive manual road condition surveys. Although extensive research has been conducted on methods for ARCS, application by transportation agencies is still minimal. In 2016, an ARCS system, developed by Georgia Tech, was successfully implemented on a 4,184km highway system in Georgia, USA. This paper presents the insights gained from the project and also discusses the remaining challenges with a focus on crack detection and classification. Crack fundamental elements were implemented to obtain a flexible multi-scale output. A combination of ARCS and QA/QC tools were used to obtain high accuracy results while minimizing human effort. Gaps in ARCS research, such as the lack of a crack detection algorithm performance measure were revealed. The solutions and new challenges revealed from this study will help ARCS researchers to create solutions which can be readily applied by transportation agencies.
Neural Network Classifiers Using Stochastic Computing with a Hardware-Oriented Approximate Activation Function

Neural networks are becoming prevalent in many areas, such as pattern recognition and medical diagnosis. Stochastic computing is one potential solution for neural networks implemented in low-power back-end devices such as solar-powered devices and Internet-of-things (IoT) devices. In this paper, we investigate a new architecture of stochastic neural networks with a hardware-oriented approximate activation function. The new proposed approximate activation function can be omitted while keeping the functionality well. Thus, it reduces the stochastic implementation complexity and hardware costs. Moreover, the new architecture significantly improves recognition error rates compared to previous stochastic neural networks with sigmoid function. Three classical types of neural networks are explored, multiple layer perceptron (MLP), restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The experimental results indicate the new proposed architecture achieves more than 25%, 60% and 3x reduction than previous stochastic neural networks, and more than 30x, 30x and 52% reduction than conventional binary neural networks, in terms of area, power and energy, respectively, while maintaining the similar error rates compared to the conventional neural networks.
Nicaragua: Soviet-Cuban Pawn or Non-aligned Country?

It is now six years since the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) toppled the regime of Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle. Even today, the nature of the FSLN - its road to power, its political complexion and orientation, and its objectives - remains the subject of heated debate. Some still argue that the Sandinista regime is a nationalistic, non-aligned, although radical, Third World government. Others emphasize the Marxist-Leninist overtones characterizing its seizure and consolidation of power, its foreign relations, and its efforts to introduce socialist transformation to Nicaraguan society. Basically, there are two exaggerated views of Nicaraguan foreign policy: one depicts Nicaragua as a communist pawn of Moscow and Havana; the other views Nicaragua as a classical non-aligned Third World nation. Neither school of thought reflects the complex reality of Nicaraguan politics and foreign policy.
Paper Tools from the 1780s to the 1960s: Nomenclature, Classification, and Representations.

The four articles in this issue of Ambix were among seven papers presented in a symposium at the fall 2016 national meeting of the American Chemical Society on the occasion of the 2016 History of C...
Male Sexual Assault in the Military

This chapter explores the research on male military sexual trauma. The chapter defines the phenomenon of rape myth and how victim blaming stereotypes contribute to the silent epidemic of male sexual trauma during military service. The chapter concludes exploring the resulting mental health consequences of male military sexual assault and the limited research on clinical applications to this stigmatized group of service members.
Strukturierung und Gestaltung der Mitarbeiterkommunikation als Personalaufgabe

„Was hat Mitarbeiterkommunikation mit Personalarbeit zu tun?” Dies ist die erste Frage, die sich einem aufdrangt, wenn man beginnt, sich Gedanken zur „Strukturierung und Gestaltung der Mitarbeiterkommunikation als Personalaufgabe” zu machen. Wie sieht nun der Zusammenhang zwischen Mitarbeiterkommunikation und Personalarbeit in der betrieblichen Praxis aus?
The RAAS in Heart Failure: An Update on Clinical Trials and Opportunities for Therapy

Heart failure continues to be a significant health problem worldwide. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition, its medical management remains a challenge, with a significant 5-year mortality. At the present time, treatment of heart failure has centered on the idea that its clinical manifestations are associated with a derangement of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) leading eventually to retention of salt and water. However, the RAAS is no longer viewed as a single endocrine system operating through blood-borne humoral agents but as a more complex system involving a variety of cell types which influence the functions of the cardiovascular system in health and disease. The latter effects, particularly those involving the actions of nitric oxide and endothelial cell function, may open new options for therapy in the future.
Intentionality: A Philosophical Context

Intentionality is identified by Husserl as the distinguishing feature of certain kinds of experiences, viz. those in which we are aware of objectivities of some sort Acts possessing this feature are said by Husserl to involve an intention, defined as “the relating (Beziehen) itself, in a presentation (Vorstellung) or some other analogous manner, to what is objective (ein Gegenstandliches).”1 Husserl was not the first to appeal to intentions and intentionality in order to elucidate the nature of conscious experience and the knowledge appropriate to it. Some medievals, St. Thomas Aquinas for example, provided detailed discussions of the intentionality of knowledge. After the concept of intentionality was effectively discarded by the various accounts of knowledge in the early modern period and when the extremes of German idealism and British empiricism were more clearly recognized as unattractive alternatives, the concept was revived in nineteenth-century discussions of knowledge, and it is in the context of these discussions that Husserl’s theory is to understood and placed.
Teacher Praise and Reprimands: The Differential Response of Students at Risk of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders.

In the United States, many teachers feel underprepared to manage student classroom behavior positively. Such management is crucial for students to learn effectively, especially those with or at ris...
Disruption and Strategic Outsourcing to the Competitor in the Common Market

There are circumstances that one firm will outsource (purchase) products to its competitor in the common market when experiencing an unexpected supply disruption. Such strategies to hedge against the unexpected supply disruption commonly suffers from the higher wholesale price charged by its competitor although it helps maintain its presence on the market. Its competitor also is concerned about encroachment to sell the products to the firm as a rival in the common market. Mathematical models are formulated to maximize each party's profit in both cases of outsourcing and not outsourcing under decentralization and centralization. The results show that both parties benefit from the strategy of outsourcing at the time of disruption. More interestingly, the results also show that the competitor's centralized decision-making is preferred.
Additive Manufacturing for Multi-chip Modules

Abstract The implementation of microelectronics, also known as multi-chip modules (MCM), is extensive in automotive, downhole and aerospace applications. MCMs have already demonstrated high-temperature performance, step improvement in reliability, and the potential to reduce product cost through miniaturization and integration of more functions. However, there are barriers preventing wider adoption of MCM technology in downhole applications. High non-recurring expenditures (NRE) charges increase development costs. Long substrate lead times prolong the time to market. Lengthy design iterations make it difficult to apply lean startup methodology to accelerate innovation. The main factor that leads to high NRE and long lead times is the complexity of substrate manufacturing processes. Together with assembly, MCM manufacturing comprises at least 11 steps, 6 different materials, 10 or more different machines, and requires a minimum of 6 supporting employees. A new concept proposes a simplified process to reduc...
Reliability of equine visual lameness classification.

In this issue of Vet Record , Starke and Oosterlinck present a summary of the results of a study (p 63)showing that visual gait assessment is unreliable for differentiating sound and mildly lame horses, especially with hindlimb lameness.1 They also found experience or confidence in one’s ability to detect lameness did not improve reliability. This is another study concluding that subjective evaluation for lameness in horses is not a standard of practice that we should be satisfied with.2-7 As an equine practitioner who has been evaluating horses with lameness for over 35 years, I find this a hard pill to swallow. I believe I was mentored well over the years, by seasoned lameness evaluators, and that I know how to detect and assess lameness in the horse. Yet, reflecting on the number of times I’ve been challenged on my lameness assessments and then proven wrong by observant colleagues, interns and residents and even, occasionally, good veterinary students, I understand, believe, and accept Starke and Oosterlinck’s results. If you don’t have the opportunity (some would say curse) of evidence-based assessment or other experts looking over your shoulder keeping you honest, you begin to think you are right all the time, eventually perceiving yourself as becoming gifted in a skill that is difficult to explain. This is …
The role of cervical muscles in mitigating concussion.

Abstract Objectives Increased neck strength has been hypothesized to lower sports related concussion risk, but lacks experimental evidence. The goal is to investigate the role cervical muscle strength plays in blunt impact head kinematics and the biofidelity of common experimental neck conditions. We hypothesize head kinematics do not vary with neck activation due to low short term human head-to-neck coupling; because of the lack of coupling, free-head experimental conditions have higher biofidelity than Hybrid III necks. Methods Impacts were modeled using the Duke University Head and Neck Model. Four impact types were simulated with six neck conditions at eight impact positions. Peak resultant linear acceleration, peak resultant angular acceleration, Head Injury Criterion, and Head Impact Power compared concussion risk. To determine significance, maximum metric difference between activation states were compared to critical effect sizes (literature derived differences between mild and severe impact metrics). Results Maximum differences between activation conditions did not exceed critical effect sizes. Kinematic differences from impact location and strength can be ten times cervical muscle activation differences. Hybrid III and free-head linear acceleration metrics were 6 ± 1.0% lower and 12 ± 1.5% higher than relaxed condition respectively. Hybrid III and free-head angular acceleration metrics were 12 ± 4.0% higher and 2 ± 2.7% lower than relaxed condition respectively. Conclusions Results from a validated neck model suggest increased cervical muscle force does not influence short term (
Why Edgar Anderson Visited Math Departments: Natural History, Statistics, and Applied Mathematics

Edgar Anderson of the Missouri Botanical Garden had long and rich collaborations with such mathematicians and mathematically inclined biologists as R. A. Fisher, Sewall Wright, and John Tukey. It was Anderson’s Iris data that Fisher used to develop his linear discriminant function to capture multiple variations. A sabbatical with Wright in 1933 helped hone Anderson’s mathematical skills while helping him understand what mathematics could and could not do. He and Tukey shared an interest in conveying data graphically. This long-standing commitment to applying mathematics to natural history problems informed his scientific career as he sought to capture the variations he recognized in the natural populations. He used graphical tools to examine hybridization as an evolutionary mechanism and to use the taxonomic data from these variations to study the underlying genetic forces at work in evolution. In important synthesis articles in the mid-1950s, he summarized his conclusions about applied mathematics and natural history. They were not mere technical tools, but reflected a commitment to observation and pattern recognition as the basis of his science. Understanding these views more fully deepens an appreciation of this constantly independent-minded contributor to evolutionary theory in the twentieth century.
Correction to: Diving Headache.

The original version of this article incorrectly listed the second author’s name. It should be Stephanie J. Nahas, not Stephanie J. Nahas-Geiger. The author name is corrected in this erratum.
Population dynamics of Rana sierrae at Dusy Basin: influence of non‐native predators, drought, and restoration potential

The Sierra Nevada yellow‐legged frog (Rana sierrae) was once an abundant and widely distributed amphibian in California's alpine ranges. Rana sierrae is adapted to high‐elevation, fishless habitats. Its adaptions are reflected in a unique life cycle that involves a flexible, extended juvenile phase due to the short growing season typical of its alpine habitat. However, today this species is critically endangered, and most populations have been extirpated from their native range. Here, we present an 18‐yr‐long demographic study of a R. sierrae population in 15 lakes at Dusy Basin in Kings Canyon National Park. We focused on the period leading up to the arrival of the pathogenic chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and the subsequent local extinction of R. sierrae. We used N‐mixture abundance modeling, which accounts for detection probabilities, to quantify factors affecting frog abundance at different life stages. The abundance of subadult and adult frogs was negatively associated with the presence of introduced trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss and O. aquabonita). Frog abundance in all life stages was positively associated with lake surface area. The propensity of lakes drying correlated negatively with abundance of eggs, subadults, and adults in the following year. Moreover, drought years, characterized by longer summers and less winter snowpack, led to higher rates of lakes drying. Finally, our results suggest that the frequency of such droughts in the region has increased since 1937. Increased frequency or severity of droughts is expected to decrease the value of shallow lakes for Sierra Nevada yellow‐legged frogs because these habitats are prone to drying. We discuss our results in terms of future restoration strategies, including reintroduction and probiotic treatment, in this changed and changing ecosystem.
Development and evaluation of foam-based conformance control for a high-salinity and high-temperature carbonate

The extreme heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs in the form of fracture corridors and super-permeability thief zones present challenges to the efficient sweep of oil in both secondary and tertiary recovery operations. In such reservoirs, conformance control is crucial to ensure injected water and any EOR chemicals optimally contact the remaining oil with minimal throughput. Foam-based conformance control is a relatively new technology especially its use for deep diversion in high-salinity and high-temperature conditions. In this work, a laboratory study was conducted to develop and evaluate a foam-based conformance control technology for application in a high-salinity and high-temperature carbonate. Foaming agents (surfactants) were first screened for their suitability with regard to reservoir temperature and salinity where properties such as foamability and foam stability were measured. The best performing surfactants were then used to study the foam-induced mobility reduction across a core composite. The experiments were conducted at reservoir conditions. Foam stability and decay were also investigated in those permeability reduction experiments. Brine and crude oil were injected after foam formation where observed pressure drops allowed quantification of foam stability and decay; hence, the sustainability of mobility reduction. Finally, the potential improvement in reservoir contact and hence oil recovery were examined by oil displacement experiments conducted in specially prepared heterogeneous composites. For the studied conditions of high salinity and high temperature, foaming agents of the amphoteric family as well as one manufacturer proprietary surfactants blend were found suitable in terms of salt tolerance and foam stability. Using the proprietary blend and without oil in core, the generated foam reduced fluids mobility by a factor of 12. The attained mobility reduction was lower in presence of oil but was still acceptable for flow diversion purposes. Using the proprietary blend and with oil in core, the generated foam reduced fluids mobility by a factor of 6 (compared to 12 without oil in core). Oil recovery improvement with foam placement was also found to be significant. These results demonstrate the potential of foams for carbonates with harsh salinity and temperature conditions.
Uniregional Models with No Age Dependence

Age normally is one of the most important characteristics of a population in demographic calculations, and to ignore its influence is to invite potentially erroneous findings. Nevertheless a number of crude but useful results can be derived even if age is disregarded, as this chapter demonstrates.
Fanon's insurgence

This article offers a reading of Frantz Fanon in relation to the word ‘I’, perhaps the privileged term for the reflection on sociality and form in the European, colonial tradition. It considers the...
Data Association and Localization of Classified Objects in Visual SLAM

Maps generated by many visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping algorithms consist of geometric primitives such as points, lines or planes. These maps offer a topographic representation of the environment, but they contain no semantic information about the environments. Object classifiers leveraging advances in machine learning are highly accurate and reliable, capable of detecting and classifying thousands of objects. Classifiers can be incorporated into a SLAM pipeline to add semantic information to a scene. Frequently, this semantic information is conducted for each frame of the image, but semantic labeling is not persistent over time. In this work, we present a nonparametric statistical approach to perform matching/association of objects detected over consecutive image frames. These associated classified objects are then localized in the accrued map using an unsupervised clustering method. We test our approach on multiple data sets, and it shows strong performance in terms of objects correctly associated from frame to frame. We also have tested our algorithm on three data sets in our lab environment using tag markers to demonstrate the accuracy of classified object localization process.
Temperature Compensation of Thermally Actuated, In-Plane Resonant Gas Sensor Using Embedded Oxide-Filled Trenches

We report the implementation of a passive temperature compensation technique in thermally actuated, silicon-based, resonant cantilever gas sensors vibrating in their fundamental in-plane resonant mode. The temperature compensation technique utilizes oxide-filled trenches along the edges of the cantilever structure and adds a single additional mask to the overall fabrication process. The trench width for effective temperature compensation was optimized using finite element simulation. The fabricated resonators exhibit a temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) as low as 1.7 ppm/°C, which represents a 15x improvement compared to the same resonators without oxide trenches. Quality factors of devices with oxide compensation are similar to those measured in non-compensated counterparts. The temperature compensation technique addresses a key limitation of silicon-based, mass-sensitive chemical microsensors, namely their temperature instability due to inherent temperature-dependent material properties. Compared to our previous work, the improved frequency and baseline stability yields an almost order-of-magnitude improvement in the extrapolated limit of detection, approaching 100 ppb for toluene. [2020-0154]
Truth, Lie and Hypocrisy

Automated detection of text with misrepresentations such as fake reviews is an important task for online reputation management. We form the Ultimate Deception Dataset that consists of customer complaints—emotionally charged texts, which include descriptions of problems customers experienced with certain businesses. Typically, in customer complaints, either customer describes company representative lying, or they lie themselves. The Ultimate Deception Dataset includes almost 3 000 complaints in the personal finance domain and provides clear ground truth based on available factual knowledge about the financial domain. Among them, four hundred texts were manually tagged. Experiments were performed in order to explore the links between implicit cues of the rhetoric structure of texts and the validity of arguments, and also how truthful/deceptive are these texts. We confirmed that communicative discourse trees are essential to detect various forms of misrepresentation in text, achieving 76% F1 on the Ultimate Deception Dataset. We believe that this accuracy is sufficient to assist a manual curation of a CRM environment towards having high-quality, trusted content. Recognizing hypocrisy in customer communication concerning his impression with the company or hypocrisy in customer attitude is fairly important for proper tackling and retaining customers. We collect a dataset of sentences with hypocrisy and learn to detect it relying on syntactic, semantic and discourse-level features and also web mining to correlate contrasting entities. The sources are customer complaints, samples of texts with hypocrisy on the web and tweets tagged as hypocritical. We propose an iterative procedure to grow the training dataset and achieve the detection F1 above 80%, which is expected to be satisfactory for integration into a CRM platform. We conclude this section with the detection of a rumor and misinformation in web document where discourse analysis is also helpful.
The Evolution of Hemoglobin A1c Targets for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Rationale and Supporting Evidence

The American Diabetes Association 2020 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes (Standards of Care) recommends a hemoglobin A1c (A1C) of <7% (53 mmol/mol) for many children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), with an emphasis on target personalization. A higher A1C target of <7.5% may be more suitable for youth who cannot articulate symptoms of hypoglycemia or have hypoglycemia unawareness and for those who do not have access to analog insulins or advanced diabetes technologies or who cannot monitor blood glucose regularly. Even less stringent A1C targets (e.g., <8%) may be warranted for children with a history of severe hypoglycemia, severe morbidities, or short life expectancy. During the "honeymoon" period and in situations where lower mean glycemia is achievable without excessive hypoglycemia or reduced quality of life, an A1C <6.5% may be safe and effective. Here, we provide a historical perspective of A1C targets in pediatrics and highlight evidence demonstrating detrimental effects of hyperglycemia in children and adolescents, including increased likelihood of brain structure and neurocognitive abnormalities, microvascular and macrovascular complications, long-term effects, and increased mortality. We also review data supporting a decrease over time in overall severe hypoglycemia risk for youth with T1D, partly associated with the use of newer insulins and devices, and weakened association between lower A1C and severe hypoglycemia risk. We present common barriers to achieving glycemic targets in pediatric diabetes and discuss some strategies to address them. We aim to raise awareness within the community on Standards of Care updates that impact this crucial goal in pediatric diabetes management.
Anesthesia for Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Abdominal aortic aneurysm, a localized expansion of the aorta below the diaphragm, may remain completely asymptomatic for years. The major complication resulting from the disease is eventual aneurysm rupture. The definitive treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm requires placement of a prosthetic graft to replace the weakened section of the artery. The endovascular aortic aneurysm repair is a relatively new procedure. This minimally invasive approach has been associated with improved 30-day mortality. In this chapter, we present a brief description of anesthesia considerations for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.
Preoperative Predictors for Esodeviation and Exodeviation after Cataract Surgery in Children

Purpose: For those children that went on to have strabismus surgery after cataract surgery, we sought to identify preoperative predictors for whether strabismus surgery would be for an esodeviation...
Assessing the Effects of Childhelp’s Speak Up be Safe Child Abuse Prevention Curriculum for High School Students

This study examined the Childhelp Speak Up Be Safe (CHSUBS) child abuse prevention curriculum for high school students and addressed a gap in evidence-based child maltreatment prevention programs. CHSUBS is grounded in theory and was developed to 1) provide students with the skills they need to prevent or interrupt child abuse, bullying, and neglect, and 2) increase student knowledge about safety related to abuse. Utilizing a cluster-randomized controlled trial design, the three high schools were randomly assigned to participate in the CHSUBS curriculum or the control group. Survey items measured the efficacy of the curriculum in grades 9 through 12. Surveys were implemented at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and after 6 months for a follow-up. Analyses included exploratory factor analyses and a paired samples t–test to determine whether increases in child maltreatment knowledge and resistance skills were gained. Findings showed positive significant results that child maltreatment knowledge and resistance skills were significantly different from pre to post for the CHSUBS group and showed no significant control group changes. High school students in the CHSUBS group appeared to gain both child maltreatment knowledge and resistance skills. Future studies on prevention programming for high school students might show results that lead to a reduction in child maltreatment and an increase in better health outcomes for adolescents.
The Radial Forearm Flap

The radial forearm flap (RFF) is one of the first flaps utilized in reconstruction of soft tissue defects. It can be used either as a pedicled flap with the pivot point either distal, at the wrist, or proximal at the antecubital fossa, or as a free flap. It is a workhorse flap for reconstruction of distal extremity defects where a thin and pliable flap is needed. It is also very commonly used for reconstruction of head and neck defects. Its dissection is easy and can provide a very long pedicle (up to 15 cm), which can avoid the use of vein grafts in specific cases. The venous drainage is reliable, and the cephalic vein can easily be incorporated to assist with the outflow. It can also be a sensate flap, if the medial or lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves are incorporated with the flap design, something very useful when reconstructing heel defects. The RFF can be raised as a chimeric flap, incorporating bone from the distal radius or the palmaris longus tendon. Multiple skin paddles can be designed along the course of the radial artery based on reconstructive needs. Finally, the long and relatively big diameter pedicle makes it an ideal “flow-through” flap because it can be used as a vascular conduit for other flaps to be anastomosed to, in an end-to-side fashion. Of extreme importance, an intact palmar arch and satisfactory blood flow via the radial artery are absolute requirements. Disadvantages include cosmetically unacceptable donor site for patients. It also sacrifices a major blood vessel, which always needs to be discussed with the patient prior to surgery.
Clinical electroretinography in diabetic retinopathy: a review.

Abstract The electroretinogram (ERG) is a noninvasive, objective technique to evaluate retinal function that has become increasingly important in the study of diabetic retinopathy. We summarize the principles and rationale of the ERG, present findings from recent clinical studies that have used the full-field ERG, multifocal ERG, and pattern ERG to evaluate neural dysfunction in patients with diabetes, and weigh the strengths and limitations of the technique as it applies to clinical studies and management of patients with diabetic retinopathy. Taken together, ERG studies have provided convincing evidence for dysfunction of the neural retina in patients with diabetes, including those who have no clinically-apparent retinal vascular abnormalities. Recent full-field ERG findings have pointed to the intriguing possibility that photoreceptor function is abnormal in early-stage disease. Pattern ERG data, in conjunction with recently developed photopic negative response analyses, indicate inner retina dysfunction. In addition, multifocal ERG studies have shown spatially localized neural abnormalities that can predict the location of future microaneurysms. Given the insights provided by the ERG, it is likely to play a growing role in understanding the natural history of neural dysfunction in diabetes, as well as providing an attractive outcome measure for future clinical trials that target neural preservation in diabetic retinopathy.
The dual function of elicitors and effectors from insects: reviewing the 'arms race' against plant defenses.

This review provides an overview, analysis, and reflection on insect elicitors and effectors (particularly from oral secretions) in the context of the ‘arms race’ with host plants. Following injury by an insect herbivore, plants rapidly activate induced defenses that may directly or indirectly affect the insect. Such defense pathways are influenced by a multitude of factors; however, cues from the insect’s oral secretions are perhaps the most well studied mediators of such plant responses. The relationship between plants and their insect herbivores is often termed an ‘evolutionary arms race’ of strategies for each organism to either overcome defenses or to avoid attack. However, these compounds that can elicit a plant defense response that is detrimental to the insect may also benefit the physiology or metabolism of an insect species. Indeed, several insect elicitors of plant defenses (such as the fatty acid-amino acid conjugate, volicitin) are known to enhance an insect’s ability to obtain nutritionally important compounds from plant tissue. Here we re-examine the well-known elicitors and effectors from chewing insects to demonstrate not only our incomplete understanding of the specific biochemical and molecular cascades involved in these interactions but also to consider the role of these compounds for the insect species itself. Finally, this overview discusses opportunities for research in the field of plant-insect interactions by utilizing tools such as genomics and proteomics to integrate the future study of these interactions through ecological, physiological, and evolutionary disciplines.
Atmospheric Corrosion of electroplated zinc alloy die castings

The effect of electroplating variables on atmospheric corrosion of copper, nickel, and chromium electroplates on zinc alloy die castings was investigated at mobile and stationary test sites. More than 3000 electroplated die castings were exposed on Detroit, Michigan, trucks; Youngstown, Ohio, trucks; New York City tugboats; Detroit, Michigan, roof tops; and Kure Beach, North Carolina, 245-m (800-ft) lot, for periods of up to 10 years. Exposure to mobile test sites provided a valuable supplement to the more conventional stationary test site. The application of microdiscontinuous chromium proved to be the most influential factor for improved corrosion resistance.
Group Sales and Marketing in Convention Hotels

Abstract The goal of hotel sales and marketing is revenue generation. The methods employed by group sales and marketing professionals have evolved overtime to incorporate an array of technological innovations. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the perceptions that convention hotel sales and marketing professionals have about Internet and Web integration in the group sales process. The findings indicate that Internet and Web based marketing tools have become an integral part of hotel sales and marketing activities, though convention hotel managers do not necessarily attribute an increase in revenue to these activities.
Combination chemoimmunotherapy in a pancreatic cancer model.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 5580 With a 5-year survival rate of only 4%, pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies known. Despite intensive research efforts, the current front-line therapy for pancreatic cancer remains limited to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil. The minimal response rate of pancreatic patients to chemotherapeutic agents has underscored the need to develop alternative approaches for intervention of this disease. Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that interferons have the ability to upregulate tumor associated antigens, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) surface molecules, and other molecules that may make tumor cells more susceptible to vaccine mediated T cell attack. The present study was designed to assess the role that recombinant interferon-alpha (IFN-α) may play in suppressing growth and/or altering cell surface antigen expression in an experimental murine pancreatic tumor model. The murine pancreatic tumor cell line, Panc02.CEA, shares many characteristics with human pancreatic tumors: 1) low cell surface expression ( 95%) of the human tumor-associated antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Despite the inability of IFN-α to effectively inhibit Panc02 cell growth in-vitro, titrating doses of IFN-α (0-500 IU/mL, 48 hrs.) upregulated MHC (H-2b) expression on the Panc02 cell surface in a dose-dependent manner. In a 2 × 2 factorial designed study, CEA transgenic mice with established subcutaneous Panc02.CEA tumors were treated as follows: 1) untreated (controls), 2) IFN-α (50K IU/mouse/injection, s.q., 3X/week), 3) gemcitabine (150 mg/kg/mouse, i.p., 2X/week), or 4) the combination of IFN-α and gemcitabine. Relative to the control mice in group 1, tumor growth was inhibited in groups 2, 3, and 4 by 46%, 41%, and 61%, respectively, following two weeks of treatment. A higher percentage of CD3+ and, specifically CD3+CD8+, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was observed in tumor-bearing mice treated with IFN-α but not the combination of IFN-α and gemcitabine. Additionally, a greater number of CD3+ T cells were found in the draining lymph nodes (inguinal, sacral, and popliteal) of tumor-bearing mice treated with IFN-α. The tumor growth inhibition observed with IFN-α, in-vivo, cannot be explained by its direct effect on tumor growth in-vitro, suggesting that host immune anti-tumor responses could be induced by virtue of the upregulation of MHC class I expression on the Panc02 cell surface of IFN-α treated mice. We hypothesize that upregulation of MHC class I expression enhances the sensitivity of tumor cells to immune-based interventions and we will test this hypothesis in future studies in which IFN-α will be combined with antigen-specific cancer vaccines. These results may provide the framework for future preclinical studies of an immune-based approach to pancreatic cancer treatment.
CDMA 1X radio access network IP backhaul sizing analysis

This paper focuses on the sizing methodology for the link between the base station transceiver (BTS) and the central base station controller (CBSC). Packet-switched technology has promised greater flexibility and increased utilization of resources for the cellular operators. This brought new challenges in terms of traffic engineering that could not be addressed by Erlang-B formula alone. We present analysis techniques for IP backhaul sizing in CDMA 1X radio access network (RAN). We first present the 2G/2.5G circuit backhaul efficiency analysis for voice traffic. Using the central limit theorem we analyze 3G packet-switched backhaul efficiency with mixed voice, data, and signaling traffic for a single T1 link. Applying the knowledge gained from the single backhaul link efficiency analysis, we present practical steps to calculate the number of backhaul links required to meet QoS demands given a operator-specified call model.