cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating the real-world emission characteristics of light-duty gasoline vehicles and their relationship to local socioeconomic conditions in three communities in Los Angeles, California

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses results from a vehicular emissions research study of over 350 vehicles conducted in three communities in Los Angeles, CA, in 2010 using vehicle chase measurements. The study explores the real-world emission behavior of light-duty gasoline vehicles, characterizes real-world super-emitters in the different regions, and investigates the relationship of on-road vehicle emissions with the socioeconomic status (SES) of the region. The study found that in comparison to a 2007 earlier study in a neighboring community, vehicle emissions for all measured pollutants had experienced a significant reduction over the years, with oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and black carbon (BC) emissions showing the largest reductions. Mean emission factors of the sampled vehicles in low-SES communities were roughly 2–3 times higher for NOX, BC, carbon monoxide, and ultrafine particles, and 4–11 times greater for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) than for vehicles in the high-SES neighborhood. Further analysis i...
Nilotinib Effects in Parkinson’s disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies

Background: We evaluated the effects of low doses of the tyrosine kinase Abelson (Abl) inhibitor Nilotinib, on safety and pharmacokinetics in Parkinson’s disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies. Objectives: The primary outcomes of this study were safety and tolerability; pharmacokinetics and target engagement were secondary, while clinical outcomes were exploratory. Methods: Twelve subjects were randomized into 150 mg (n = 5) or 300 mg (n = 7) groups and received Nilotinib orally every day for 24 weeks. Results: This study shows that 150 mg and 300 mg doses of Nilotinib appear to be safe and tolerated in subjects with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Nilotinib is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and seems to engage the target Abl. Motor and cognitive outcomes suggest a possible beneficial effect on clinical outcomes. The CSF levels of homovanillic acid are significantly increased between baseline and 24 weeks of treatment. Exploratory CSF biomarkers were measured. Conclusions: This small proof-of-concept study lacks a placebo group and participants were not homogenous, resulting in baseline differences between and within groups. This limits the interpretations of the biomarker and clinical data, and any conclusions should be drawn cautiously. Nonetheless, the collective observations suggest that it is warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Nilotinib in larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Oxygen diffusion capacity scales as oxygen consumption

![Graphic][1] Metabolic scaling is one of the central enigmas of comparative biology. Oxygen consumption, as a proxy for aerobic metabolism, does not scale proportionally with body mass. Expressed as an exponential function, oxygen consumption scales as mass to the 2/3–8/10 power. This
Brain tumors, infections, and other CNS causes of sleepiness

Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder are common neurological entities that may be associated with insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness. This chapter reviews the clinical features, natural history, laboratory investigations, genetics, pathology, and management of primary restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Large epidemiological surveys have shown that self-reported symptoms of RLS were correlated with sleepiness. Electrodiagnostic testing with nerve conduction studies and electromyography are useful to detect subtle peripheral neuropathies. Several factors suggest that impaired dopaminergic function and iron homeostasis underlie the pathophysiology of RLS. One study demonstrated that dopaminergic treatment of RLS patients improved both RLS severity and sleepiness as measured by multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) score. Considerable research has been directed towards elucidating the basic mechanisms and optimizing the management of RLS and PLMD.
Licensed segments and safe paths

The following pages sketch a system of constraints intended to sharpen and organize a number of current assumptions surrounding the concept of “prosodic licensing”, as proposed in Ito (1988) and further developed in later work (Bagemihl 1991; Charette 1990; Goldsmith 1990; Inkelas 1991; Ito and Mester 1991; Kaye 1990; Lombardi 1991; Piggott 1991; Zec 1988; and others). The proposal to be developed below draws on Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993); one of the goals is to explicate the notion of the coda as a “secondary licenser” (Goldsmith 1990) and to clarify the privileged status of geminate and partial geminate clusters (Prince 1984) with respect to syllabification. After laying out some background assumptions (Section 1), we present the definitions and constraints that form the core of our theory of licensing (Section 2). We illustrate the approach with an analysis of the syllable structure of Japanese (Section 3) and conclude the paper with a discussion of remaining issues and problems relating to the general typology of syllabification systems (Section 4).
Differential Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Cortical and Deep Gray Matter Structures in African Americans and Caucasian Americans.

BACKGROUND African Americans with multiple sclerosis (AAwMS) have different disease phenotypes when compared to Caucasians Americans with MS (CAwMS). The pathologic basis of this difference in disease presentation is unknown. METHODS Fifty-Four AAwMS and 54 CAwMS were appropriately matched for age, gender, treatment duration, and disease duration. FreeSurfer was used to segment brain white matter and gray matter from T1 images and compute thalamic volume. Regional cortical thickness was calculated using QDEC. RESULTS The 2 matched cohorts differed in disability, with AAwMS demonstrating significantly higher EDSS scores (2.3±2.2 vs. 1.3±1.5, P < .009), yet the 2 populations had similar T2 hyperintense lesion volumes (P = .35). AAwMS had a significantly lower total global cortical thickness when compared to CAwMS (P = .03). Controlling for EDSS, AAwMS showed multiple cortical regions to be significantly thinner than CAwMS; these included areas within the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, as well as the precentral and postcentral gyrus. Middletemporal cortex was most affected in AAwMS in the left hemisphere (P = .009), while the superiortemporal cortex was most affected in the right hemisphere (P = .0001). In contrast, thalamic volume was significantly reduced in CAwMS when compared to AAwMS (P = .01). In both groups, worse disability was associated with lower total thalamic volume percentage. CONCLUSION AAwMS and CAwMS patients differ with regard to global and regional cortical thickness and thalamic volume. This diverging pattern of gray matter volumetrics among otherwise matched patients suggests that racial-specific disease differences may exist.
Dietary changes and poor reproductive performance in Glaucous-winged Gulls

Il existe chez Larus glaucescens un rapport etroit entre la nourriture disponible et le succes reproducteur
Guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in air

Stimulated forward Brillouin scattering is observed in air in a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. A single resonance is observed at 35 MHz. The frequency, linewidth and coupling agree with theoretical predictions.
Design of a printed, metamaterial-based beamformer

We report the design of a metamaterial-based antenna beamformer that transforms 7 stipulated inputs to 7 prescribed output beams. The beamformer is printed and exhibits a broad bandwidth of operation. It is modeled as an inhomogeneous, anisotropic 2D medium, and is designed using an constrained optimization approach. This design technique offers improved flexibility and feasibility over coordinate-transformation methods. The constitutive parameters of the beamformer are implemented using printed-circuit metamaterials. Measurement results for the fabricated beamformer are presented and show excellent agreement with the design goals.
Incremental validity of weight suppression in predicting clinical impairment in bulimic syndromes

Research has shown that weight suppression (WS; the difference between a person's highest and current body weight in pounds) is a robust predictor of weight gain and eating-disorder (ED) symptoms among individuals with bulimic syndromes. Given the important prognostic role that WS plays in ED course and outcome, we hypothesized that WS would represent a clinically useful indicator of impairment for bulimic syndromes. We further posited that WS would demonstrate incremental validity above-and-beyond other proposed indicators in explaining clinical impairment in bulimic syndromes. Participants were community-recruited adults (N = 101; 80.2% female) with full-threshold (n = 51) or subthreshold (n = 50) bulimia nervosa. Other indicators of impairment included body mass index, frequency of inappropriate compensatory behaviors, lifetime history of any internalizing disorder, and multiple purging. Clinical impairment was assessed with the clinical impairment assessment (CIA). Hierarchical linear regression tested whether WS added to the explanation of CIA score variance above-and-beyond other indicators of bulimic-syndrome impairment. WS was significantly associated with clinical impairment (p = .011), but did not demonstrate incremental validity over other independent variables in predicting CIA scores. WS explained an additional 1.7% of the variance in CIA scores above-and-beyond other variables and the independent effect of WS on CIA scores represented a medium-sized effect (Cohen's d = 0.521). Results suggested that WS may be an indicator of ED-related clinical impairment. Inquiring about WS could be an informative component of routine bulimic-syndrome assessment, given that WS explains some of the variance in clinical impairment in bulimic syndromes.
Understanding the Relationship Between Child Health-Related Quality of Life and Parent Emotional Functioning in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant.

Objective Explore interrelationships between domains of child health-related quality of life (HRQL) and parent emotional functioning using parent-proxy and child report in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Methods Data on 258 parent-child dyads were used from two longitudinal studies. Domains of HRQL included physical, emotional, and role functioning, and HSCT-related worry. We used structural equation modeling to model the outcome of parent emotional functioning using primary and alternative conceptual models. Results Parent-proxy raters reported lower child HRQL than child raters. Structural equation models demonstrated relationships between child emotional functioning, child HSCT-related worry, and parent emotional functioning, with some differences by raters. Conclusions Relationships between child HRQL and parent emotional functioning within the context of HSCT are complex. To optimize the child's health outcomes, providing psychosocial support for children and their families may be necessary, especially for those experiencing distress or facing treatment complications.
Is the ocean floor a fractal

The topographic structure of the ocean bottom is investigated at different scales of resolution to answer the question: Can the seafloor be described as a fractal process? Methods from geostatistics, the theory of regionalized variables, are used to analyze the spatial structure of the ocean floor at different scales of resolution. The key to the analysis is the variogram criterion: Self-similarity of a stochastic process implies self-similarity of its variogram. The criterion is derived and proved here: it also is valid for special cases of self-affinity (in a sense adequate for topography). It has been proposed that seafloor topography can be simulated as a fractal (an object of Hausdorff dimension strictly larger than its topological dimension), having scaling properties (self-similarity or self-affinity). The objective of this study is to compare the implications of these concepts with observations of the seafloor. The analyses are based on SEABEAM bathymetric data from the East Pacific Rise at 13°N/104°W and at 9°N/104°W and use tracks that run both across the ridge crest and along the ridge flank. In the geostatistical evaluation, the data are considered as a stochastic process. The spatial continuity of this process is described by variograms that are calculated for different scales and directions. Applications of the variogram criterion to scale-dependent variogram models yields the following results: Although the seafloor may be a fractal in the sense of the definition involving the Hausdorff dimension, it is not self-similar, nor self-affine (in the given sense). Mathematical models of scale-dependent spatial structures are presented, and their relationship to geologic processes such as ridge evolution, crust formation, and sedimentation is discussed.
The effects of happiness and sadness on Children's snack consumption.

Abstract Children appear to engage in emotional eating (i.e., eating in response to negative and positive emotions), but existing research has predominantly relied on parent-report and child-report, which may not necessarily reflect children's actual emotional eating behaviors. This study examined the effects of happiness and sadness on children's observed snack consumption and examined whether child characteristics (i.e., weight, gender, and age) interact with mood to predict snack consumption. To elicit mood, children (N = 91; Mages = 6.8 years; 48 boys) were randomly assigned to one of the three mood induction conditions (happy, sad, or neutral); children's snack consumption was observed and measured after mood induction. Findings showed that children in the sad condition consumed more energy from chocolate, followed by children in the happy condition, and then the neutral condition. However, the reverse pattern was observed for goldfish crackers: children in the neutral condition consumed more energy from this savory snack than children in the happy condition, followed by children in sad condition. Child weight status and gender did not interact with mood to predict snack consumption. Child age did interact with mood: older children consumed more chocolates in the sad condition compared to younger children. Child age was not related to snack consumption in the happy and neutral conditions. This study suggests that emotional eating in response to positive and negative emotions is evident during early childhood, but that this is behavior is developing during this period.
Cross-Sector Partnerships Will Shape the Future of Public Health

The article discusses the author's views about cross-sector partnerships in U.S. public health, and it mentions the "Health in All Policies" theme for the American Public Health Association's annual meeting, as well as the need for public health workers to help improve the health outcomes of U.S. communities. The American Planning Association's Plan4Health cross-sector initiative is examined, along with physical activity and efforts to increase access to healthy foods and beverages.
Management, Social Sustainability, Reputation, and Financial Performance Relationships: An Empirical Examination of U.S. Firms:

With growing evidence of positive relationships between social sustainability and financial performance, there is a critical need for understanding how innovative organizations integrate sustainabi...
The multiscale structural and mechanical effects of mouse supraspinatus muscle unloading on the mature enthesis.

Abstract The musculoskeletal system is sensitive to its loading environment; this is of particular concern under conditions such as disuse, paralysis, and extended-duration space flight. Although structural and mechanical changes to tendon and bone following paralysis and disuse are well understood, there is a pressing need to understand how this unloading affects the bone-tendon interface (enthesis); the location most prone to tears and injury. We therefore elucidated these effects of unloading in the entheses of adult mice shoulders that were paralyzed for 21 days by treatment with botulinum toxin A. Unloading significantly increased the extent of mechanical failure and was associated with structural changes across hierarchical scales. At the millimeter scale, unloading caused bone loss. At the micrometer scale, unloading decreased bioapatite crystal size and crystallographic alignment in the enthesis. At the nanometer scale, unloading induced compositional changes that stiffened the bioapatite/collagen composite tissue. Mathematical modeling and mechanical testing indicated that these factors combined to increase local elevations of stress while decreasing the ability of the tissue to absorb energy prior to failure, thereby increasing injury risk. These first observations of the multiscale effects of unloading on the adult enthesis provide new insight into the hierarchical features of structure and composition that endow the enthesis with increased resistance to failure. Statement of Significance The musculoskeletal system is sensitive to its loading environment; this is of particular concern under conditions such as disuse, paralysis, and extended-duration space flight. Although changes to tendon and bone following paralysis are understood, there is a pressing need to clarify how unloading affects the bone-tendon interface (enthesis), which is the location most prone to tears and injury. We elucidated the effects of enthesis unloading in adult mice shoulders showing, for the first time, that unloading significantly increased the risk and extent of mechanical failure and was associated with structural changes across hierarchical scales. These observations provide new insight into the hierarchical features of structure and composition that endow the enthesis with resilience. This knowledge can be used to develop more targeted treatments to improve mobility and function.
Norm Inequalities in Zeon Algebras

The zeon (“nil-Clifford”) algebra $${\mathcal {C}\ell _n}^\mathrm{nil}$$ can be thought of as a commutative analogue of the n-particle fermion algebra and can be constructed as a subalgebra of a Clifford algebra. Combinatorial properties of the algebra make it useful for applications in graph theory and theoretical computer science. In this paper, the zeon p-norms and infinity norms are introduced. The 1-norm is shown to be the only sub-multiplicative p-norm on zeon algebras. Multiplicative inequalities involving the infinity norm (which is not sub-multiplicative) are developed and equivalence of norms in $${\mathcal {C}\ell _n}^\mathrm{nil}$$ is used to establish a number of multiplicative inequalities between p-norms and the infinity norm. As an application of norm inequalities, necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence of the zeon geometric series are established, and the series limit is expressed as a finite sum. The exposition is supplemented by a number of examples computed using Mathematica.
Caregiving Intensity and Mortality in Older Women, Accounting for Time-Varying and Lagged Caregiver Status: The Caregiver-Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Study.

Background and objectives Caregiving is associated with reduced mortality in recent studies. Investigations of caregiving intensity may reveal an underlying mechanism. However, studies of caregiving intensity and mortality have mixed results, perhaps due to imprecise measurement of caregiving intensity, not accounting for healthier persons likely having greater caregiving involvement, or temporal changes in intensity. We examined the relationship between caregiving intensity (based on tasks performed) and mortality, treating intensity and health status as time-varying, and lagging exposure. Research design and methods Caregiving tasks among 1,069 women in the Caregiver-Study of Osteoporotic Fractures study (35% caregivers) were assessed at 5 interviews conducted between 1999 and 2009. Caregivers were categorized as high intensity if they assisted a person with dressing, transferring, bathing, or toileting; or as low intensity if they assisted with other instrumental or basic activities of daily living (I/ADLs). Alternatively, high intensity was defined as assisting with more than the median number of I/ADL tasks (median-based measure). Mortality was assessed through 2011. Cox proportional hazards models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals based on concurrent intensity, and lagging exposure 2 years. Results High-intensity caregivers had significantly lower mortality using the median-based measure after lagging exposure (aHR = 0.55, 0.34-0.89). Similar, but not statistically significant associations were observed in non-lagged analyses (aHR = 0.54, 0.29-1.04) and task-specific intensity (aHRs were 0.61 and 0.51). Low-intensity caregivers had similar mortality rates to noncaregivers in all analyses. Discussion and implications Among older women, high-intensity caregivers had lower mortality rates than noncaregivers. Whether this association extends to other populations merits investigation.
PEMBENTUKAN PRINSIP JURISDICTION TO PREVENT (PRE-EMPTIVE JURISDICTION) DAN PRINSIP PERLINDUNGAN AKTIF DALAM HUKUM SIBER

ABSTRAK Ruang siber telah mengubah cara masyarakat dalam berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi tanpa dibatasi oleh batas-batas negara. Dengan karakteristiknya yang transnasional, hingga saat ini masih sulit menemukan kesepahaman internasional dalam konsep pengaturan yang sesuai. Belum terdapatnya rezim internasional yang mengatur hal ini mengakibatkan munculnya ketidakpastian hukum dalam tataran pengaturan internasional dan nasional. Dalam rangka untuk mencari konsep yang sesuai dan tepat waktu untuk mengatur dunia maya yang menghadapi berbagai tantangan dan hambatan terkait dengan yurisdiksi antar negara, Lex Informatica telah memberikan para pembuat kebijakan suatu opsi dengan pengaturan teknis melalui teknologi yang dapat melampaui batas-batas masing-masing negara (ekstrateritorial). Kombinasi rezim hukum dan Lex Informatica akan menghasilkan prinsip-prinsip baru dalam mengatur dunia maya, seperti Prinsip Yurisdiksi untuk Mencegah dan Prinsip Perlindungan Aktif. Prinsip jurisdiction to prevent (pre-emptive jurisdiction) dan prinsip perlindungan aktif merupakan prinsip hukum utama yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung konsepsi kedaulatan negara guna membentuk rezim extraterritorial juridiction dalam cyberlaw di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yuridis normatif yang menitikberatkan penelitian pada ketentuan hukum yang berlaku. Penulis juga menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis futuristik (hukum yang akan datang). Kata kunci: lex informatica; prinsip; ruang siber. ABSTRACT Cyberspace has changed the way society interacts and communicates to each other withour border. Because of its transnational characteristics, up until today, it is still difficult to find international agremeent on the right and proper instrument to regulate cyberspace. The legal gap caused by the absence of international legal regime will in fact produce a legal uncertainty in the context of international and national regulation. In order to find the appropriate and timely concept to regulate cyberspace which are facing now multifacet challanges and obstacles regarding jurisdiction among States, the Lex Informatica has provided policy makers with technical arrangements through technology that can reach beyond each States’ borders (extraterritorial). The combination of legal regime and the Lex Informatica will produce new principles in regulating cyberspace, such as the Principle of Jurisdiction to Prevent and the Principle of Active Protection. The Principle of Jurisdiction to Prevent and the Principle of Active Protection will become the main principles in supporting the concept of the state sovereignty in developing extraterritorial jurisdiction regime for cyberlaw in Indonesia. This researh is considered as a legal research focussing on examining existing rules and regulations and also considers legal futuristic research in nature in trying to find which legal instrument should be developed in the future”. Keywords: cyberspace; lex informatica; principle. DOI : https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v3n1.4
Off-Label Teduglutide Therapy in Non-intestinal Failure Patients with Chronic Malabsorption.

Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 analog, has demonstrated efficacy in treating adult patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN), but its role in chronic malabsorptive states that do not necessitate PN remains uncertain. To evaluate teduglutide use beyond its approved indications and to discuss the results of this adjunctive treatment in patients resistant to established therapy. This series reports four patients treated with teduglutide off-label. The first case had Crohn’s disease (CD) with persistent colocutaneous fistulae that demonstrated complete closure after 8 months of teduglutide therapy. The second case involved a PN-dependent CD patient with persistent fistulae and intra-abdominal abscesses who weaned off PN and had a significant improvement in her nutritional status after 3 months of teduglutide therapy. The third case had CD complicated by severe malnutrition and previous PN-associated line infections, but by 9 months of teduglutide therapy, she gained 5 kg and no longer required re-initiation of PN. The fourth case had a high-output diverting ileostomy with resultant impaired healing of a stage IV decubitus ulcer, and after 2 months of therapy, the patient’s pre-albumin increased by 250% and the ulcer had decreased by 40% in size. The use of teduglutide might be broadened to include patients with functional SBS not meeting strict criteria for intestinal failure. Further studies should evaluate the efficacy of teduglutide in patients who may require short-term small intestine rehabilitation or who have chronically impaired absorptive capacity not yet requiring PN.
Understanding Processes of Transformative Change: A Qualitative Inquiry into Empowering Sources and Outcomes Identified by Women in Rural Nicaragua

Despite decades of research on women’s human rights and empowerment across several academic disciplines, inequities between women and men persist at alarming rates across the globe. The current study employs an in-depth exploration of how programs intended for empowering purposes impact individual women’s lives, focusing on the transformation promoted at multiple ecological levels. More specifically, the present study assesses how women involved in a feminist organization in rural Nicaragua were affected by their participation in the organization. Via analysis of qualitative interviews with 14 women, we identify aspects of the organization most associated with actualizing transformative change and assess how involvement in the organization affected women’s sense of self and lived experience. Specifically, we identify and explicate two themes: (a) moving forward, which details aspects of the organization that facilitated positive changes for women, and (b) feminist autoconocimiento, which involved developing an understanding of oneself as capable of offering valuable contributions to their homes and communities. Findings have implications for promoting empowering contexts for women, with a focus on ensuring that desired empowering change is occurring for the women involved.
Perfil de la inserción externa y conducta exportadora de PYMES del Sector químico de Venezuela

La presente investigacion tiene como proposito la aplicacion del Modelo Moori-Koenig-Yoguel para determinar el perfil de la insercion externa y conducta exportadora a Pymes de del sector quimico de Venezuela, la cual se basa en la fundamentacion teorica de Moori-Koenig-Yoguel (1995), Carvajal (2014), para la variable insercion externa y por Estrada y Heijs (2005) y Gatto (1995) para conducta exportadora, la misma tuvo un enfoque metodologico positivista, fue de metodologia empleada fue de tipo analitica, con un diseno, no experimental transeccional-descriptiva de campo. La poblacion estuvo conformada por tres empresas seleccionadas al azar con tres unidades de informacion correspondiendo a Gerentes de las tres empresas, debido a que se trabajo bajo un muestreo de tipo incidental. Para la ejecucion de la misma se diseno un instrumento identificado como “EXPORTES” contentivo de ambas variables el cual fue sometido a juicio de experto por tres especialistas y luego se obtuvo la confiabilidad de este bajo el metodo Alpha de Cronbach, arrojando una confiabilidad 0.90. Los datos obtenidos fueron interpretados a traves de la aplicacion de estadisticas no parametricas de indicadores medidos, mostrando la existencia de debilidades a nivel de la dinamica exportadora, tipologia y perfil basico para la variable insercion externa. Por parte de la variable conducta exportadora las debilidades se encuentran a nivel de los indicadores insercion externa y proactividad exportadora. Partiendo de esta informacion, se paso a disenar una propuesta teorica con lineamientos para hacerle frente a la problematica evidenciada en la investigacion.
Use of Thermal Nonuniformity to Reduce Supersonic Jet Noise

It is shown experimentally that thermal nonuniformity can reduce peak supersonic jet noise while keeping static thrust levels equivalent. A thermal nonuniformity is generated by introducing an unhe...
qEC: A Logical Equivalence Checking Framework Targeting SFQ Superconducting Circuits

Superconducting devices have emerged as one of the most promising beyond-CMOS technologies with a switching delay of 1ps and switching energy of $10^{-19}\mathrm{J}$ to achieve high performance, energy-efficient systems and make quantum computing a reality. Design and verification methodologies of single flux quantum (SFQ) logic fundamentally differ from those of the CMOS logic, due to key differences such as pulse signal type, ultra-deep (gate-level) pipelining, and path-balancing in SFQ circuits. In this paper, we propose a framework for logical equivalence checking (LEC) of SFQ circuits called qEC. qEC is built on the ABC tool however with the ability to check on properties of SFQ superconducting circuits. Several timing and structural checks are embedded in our framework. We benchmark the framework on post-synthesis netlists with an SFQ technology. Results show a comparative verification time of Sport lab SFQ logic circuit benchmark suite including 16-bit Array multiplier, 16-bit integer divider and ISCAS'85 circuits with respect to ABC tool for similar CMOS circuits.
Intensified P2Y12 inhibition for high-on treatment platelet reactivity

High on treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) during treatment with clopidogrel has been consistently found to be strong risk factor for recurrent ischemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Insufficient P2Y12 receptor inhibition contributes to HPR measured by the VerifyNow (VN) assay. Prasugrel and ticagrelor are more potent P2Y12 inhibitors than clopidogrel and commonly substituted for clopidogrel when HPR is documented, however benefit of VN guided intensified antiplatelet therapy is uncertain. We identified patients who had undergone platelet reactivity testing after PCI with VN after pretreatment with clopidogrel (n = 252) in a single center observational analysis. Patients who had HPR defined as PRU > 208 were switched to alternate P2Y12 inhibitors. Primary clinical endpoint was 1-year post PCI combined cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stent thrombosis. One hundred and eight (43%) subjects had HPR and were switched to prasugrel (n = 60) and ticagrelor (n = 48). Risk of recurrent 1-year primary endpoint remained higher for HPR patients switched to either ticagrelor or prasugrel as compared to subjects who had low on treatment platelet reactivity (n = 144) (LPR) on clopidogrel [Hazard Ratio: 3.5 (95% CI 1.1–11.1); p = 0.036)]. Propensity score matched analysis demonstrated higher event rates in patients with HPR on alternate P2Y12 inhibitor as compared to patients with LPR (log-rank: p = 0.044). The increased risk of recurrent events associated with HPR measured by VN is not completely attenuated by switching to more potent P2Y12 inhibitors. Non-P2Y12 mediated pathways likely contribute to increased incidence of thrombotic events after PCI in subjects with HPR.
Method Lawyering: Immersion Teaching Illustrated

Immersive law teaching uses simulated client experiences to drive the learning of legal doctrine, while enriching comprehension and mastery by integrating of a range of lawyering competencies. In an effort to “show, don’t tell,” this Article provides an immersive introduction to immersive teaching though the lens of a family law course. A series of vignettes illustrate student work in the class. The vignettes become jumping off points for more specific discussion of the nuts and bolts of teaching and learning the law in the course, and for broader consideration of possibilities for immersive learning in legal education.
Chapter 6.2 – The Development of Ultra-High-Vacuum Technology for Particle Accelerators and Magnetic Fusion Devices

Publisher Summary The large dynamic gas loads that are present in electron storage rings have driven the development of unique vacuum chambers and the associated pumping systems to meet the ultrahigh vacuum operating requirements. In addition to the use of superconducting magnets for saving power in accelerator operations, the other significant use of superconductivity in accelerator technology is radio frequency (RF) acceleration cavities. Linear accelerators consist primarily of an array of RF cavities, separated by occasional magnetic elements for correcting beam optics. In synchrotrons, the energy that the circulating beam loses due to synchrotron radiation and other processes is restored by RF cavities interspersed among the guiding magnets. For both applications, superconducting RF cavities save operating costs, offer lower impedance to the accelerating beam, and can be operated at high gradients.
Seeing How Money Grows.

The simple interest formula is usually studied in isolation ompound interest is very much a part of the life of every student. Albert Einstein once called the com pound interest formula the most important formula in mathematics. Unfortunately, many students never see the formula unless they take enough mathematics to encounter it in their study of expo nential functions. Even then, they may experience it only algebraically, not graphically. Its predecessor, the simple interest formula, is usually studied in isolation, often in a "consumer math" application as an exercise in arithmetic or perhaps in algebra. Few students realize that the simple interest for mula can be modeled with the graph of a linear equation when the principal and interest rate are held constant. In a similar way, the compound interest formula can be modeled graphically as an exponential curve. Any student who can make tables and plot points can graph the future value of an account using simple and compound interest and can thereby come to appreciate the meaning of the variables in each formula and how those vari
Polarity dependent heating at the phase interface in metal-insulator transitions

Current-driven insulator-metal transitions are in many cases driven by Joule heating proportional to the square of the applied current. Recent nanoimaging experiments in $\mathrm{Ca}{}_{2}{\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}$ reveal a metal-insulator phase boundary that depends on the direction of an applied current, suggesting an important nonheating effect. Motivated by these results, we study the effects of an electric current in a system containing interfaces between metallic and insulating phases. Derivation of a heat balance equation from general macroscopic Onsager transport theory reveals a heating term proportional to the product of the current across the interface and the discontinuity in the Seebeck coefficient, so that heat can either be generated or removed at an interface, depending on the direction of the current relative to the change in material properties. For parameters appropriate to $\mathrm{Ca}{}_{2}{\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}$, this heating can be comparable to or larger than Joule heating. A simplified model of the relevant experimental geometry is shown to provide results consistent with the experiments. Extension of the results to other inhomogeneous metal-insulator transition systems is discussed.
STRUCTURAL GENE PRODUCTS OF THE MURINE Ah LOCUS. IMMUNOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO FORMS OF P-450 INDUCED BY POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

Structural gene products of the murine Ah locus include two (and probably many more) distinctly different forms of hemoprotein. Cytochrome P 1 –450 is arbitrarily defined as that form of 3–methylcholanthrene–induced p–450 associated with the most efficient (lowest K m value) metabolism of benozo–[a]pyrene to the 7, 8–oxide. Cytochrome P–448 is arbitrarily defined as that form of 3–methylcholanthrene–induced P–450 having the greatest blue shift in the Soret peak of the reduced hemoprotein. CO complex. Antibodies were prepared to liver P 1 –450 and P–448, following partial separation of these two forms from 3–methylcholanthrene–treated C57BL/6N mice. Numerous lines of immunochemical evidence confirm developmental data published earlier from this laboratory that P 1 –450 and P–448 are very different. Previously published data in the rabbit, rat, and fish from other laboratories also support our findings in mouse liver.
Short‐term heritable variation overwhelms two hundred generations of mutational variance for metabolic traits in Caenorhabditis elegans

Metabolic disorders have a large heritable component, and have increased markedly in human populations over the past few generations. Genome-wide association studies of metabolic traits typically find a substantial unexplained fraction of total heritability, suggesting an important role of spontaneous mutation. An alternative explanation is that epigenetic effects contribute significantly to the heritable variation. Here we report a study designed to quantify the cumulative effects of spontaneous mutation on adenosine metabolism in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, including both the activity and concentration of two metabolic enzymes and the standing pools of their associated metabolites. The only prior studies on the effects of mutation on metabolic enzyme activity, in Drosophila melanogaster, found that total enzyme activity presents a mutational target similar to that of morphological and life-history traits. However, those studies were not designed to account for short-term heritable effects. We find that the short-term heritable variance for most traits is of similar magnitude as the variance among MA lines. This result suggests that the potential heritable effects of epigenetic variation in metabolic disease warrant additional scrutiny. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Trends and outcomes of device-related 30-day readmissions after left ventricular assist device implantation.

Abstract Background Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) improve morbidity and mortality in end-stage heart failure patients, but high rates of readmissions remain a problem after implantation. We aimed to assess the incidence, trends, outcomes, and predictors of device-related 30-day readmissions after LVAD implantation. Methods The National Readmission Database was used to identify patients who underwent LVAD implantation between 2012 and 2017 and those with 30-day readmissions. Results The analysis included a total of 16499 adults who survived the index hospitalization for LVAD implantation. Among those, 28.1% were readmitted at 30 days, and the readmission rate has been grossly stable during the study period. Most of the readmissions occurred in the first 15 days after discharge from the index admission. The most frequent cause of readmissions was gastrointestinal bleeding (14.9% of readmissions), followed by heart failure, arrhythmias, device infection, and device thrombosis. Among reasons for readmission, intracranial bleeding was associated with highest mortality (37.6%), followed by device thrombosis (13.1%), and ischemic stroke (7.6%). Intracranial bleeding and device thrombosis were associated with lengthier stay (20.4 and 15.5 days, respectively). Readmission rates for gastrointestinal bleeding decreased, whereas device infection increased. Multivariate logistic regression model revealed the length of stay, oxygen dependence, gastrointestinal bleeding at index admission, depression and ECMO, private insurance as independent predictors of 30-day readmission. Conclusion Over one-fourth of LVAD recipients have 30-day readmissions, with most of them occurring within 15 days. Most frequent cause of readmission was gastrointestinal bleeding, which was associated with the lowest in-hospital mortality among other complications.
Addressing racial & socioeconomic disparities in access to medications for opioid use disorder amid COVID-19

• Pre-COVID-19, stark racial disparities characterized the landscape of access to medications for opioid use disorder, especially buprenorphine • Telemedicine uptake provides flexibility for patients on buprenorphine but considerable risks remain for those on methadone • Lifting the X-waiver requirement would increase buprenorphine access by increasing the pool of buprenorphine prescribers • Patients should be offered both buprenorphine and methadone as treatment options when clinically indicated • With COVID-19, methadone should be delivered to patients’ homes, and eventually accessible in community pharmacies
Debating Cookstoves: Questioning if we need “better behaved” cooks in the developing world

Abstract The title of a recently published paper in the ‘Energy Research and Social Science’ (ERSS) journal is “Do we need better behaved cooks? Reviewing behavioural change strategies for improving the sustainability and effectiveness of cookstove programs”. I argue in this ‘Perspective’ that such a title is offensive from a social justice perspective and the title framing is misleading from a scientific perspective.
Master narrative methodology: A primer for conducting structural-psychological research.

OBJECTIVE The emphasis placed on individual-level analysis throughout psychological science in general, and diversity science in particular, has left the role of structural factors undertheorized. Moreover, the field suffers from a lack of research methods that fully investigate structural-individual relations. This article outlines one structural-psychological approach, the master narrative framework, and details various methods for taking social structures into account while still maintaining the focus on the individual. CONCLUSION These methods, including event narratives, in-depth interviews, life-script analysis, focus groups, experiments, and conversation analysis, allow for an understanding of both the nature and substance of the structures and how individuals interact with them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Atresia, and Discontinuous Branch Pulmonary Arteries Supplied by Bilateral Ducti.

Abstract We present a rare case of double-outlet right ventricle with pulmonary atresia and discontinuous branch pulmonary arteries supplied by bilateral ducti from a right aortic arch. To our know...
Many Voices in the Household: Indigeneity and Utopia in Le Guin’s Ekumen

This chapter examines Le Guin’s construction of utopian spaces in her novella “A Man of the People” and her Churten short stories. It argues that her depiction of the interplanetary Ekumen fuses Western utopian optimism with indigenous practices to explore the possibility of a post-imperial West and decolonized indigenous nations harmoniously sharing knowledge. Le Guin’s knowledge of indigenous cultures, however, must be distinguished from indigenous knowledge. Unlike much indigenous science fiction, Le Guin depicts a culturally non-traumatized center. She draws on indigenous knowledge as a source of cultural health but approaches it from a Western perspective. Reading Le Guin’s utopian work as an important voice within a larger, multicultural corpus can begin to presence the sort of non-coercive intercultural exchange Le Guin imagines in the Ekumen.
The “e-well”

ICT has the potential to improve the quality and efficiency of cooperation and development efforts. However, there is a risk that ICT-enabled development projects will worsen the digital divide between urban and rural areas. It is therefore crucial to involve rural areas early in these development efforts, to make sure that their specific needs are addressed. Experiences in the field of health and healthcare have shown the potential of multilateral co-operation, the involvement of the periphery and the importance of supporting local contents development. Obviously, one of the challenges is to find sustainable ways to promote the ICT development of remote, rural communities. It is likely that specific solutions will be needed in different cultural and social contexts, but that replicable concepts will be identified. The proposed project, the “e-well”, based on a pilot implementation in rural Mali, will enable a reciprocal learning from parallel experiences of ICT-enabled multi-sectoral, integrated development plans, in several villages from different settings in Western Africa.
Chromomycin A3, an Antitumor Antibiotic: Tissue Distribution Studies in Mice as Measured by Microbial Assay

A microbiological assay has been developed for chromomycin A3, an antitumor antibiotic showing promise in human trials. The assay bacterium is a derived strain of Streptococcus faecalis resistant to methotrexate. Studies with mice revealed that relatively high concentrations of this antibiotic were maintained in the blood, kidneys, and liver of mice after a single-dose intraperitoneal injection of the drug.
User Action Recovery in Internet SAGAs (iSAGAs)

With the expansion of Web sites to include business functions, a user's typical interaction with a Web site is a multi-step process. The loss of connection, or other system failure, can result in the loss of work accumulated before the disruption. This work must then be repeated - often at significant cost in time and computation. In some environments, such as wireless scenarios, these costs can include battery power as well. This paper presents a protocol for recovering from such scenarios. We first describe Internet-based interactions using the familiar concepts of transactions and recovery. Using these abstractions, we then describe a protocol for recovering users to valid states in Internet interactions.
Production of multifunctional organic acids from renewable resources.

Recently, the microbial production of multifunctional organic acids has received interest due to their increased use in the food industry and their potential as raw materials for the manufacture of biodegradable polymers. Certain species of microorganisms produce significant quantities of organic acids in high yields under specific cultivation conditions from biomass-derived carbohydrates. The accumulation of some acids, such as fumaric, malic and succinic acid, are believed to involve CO2-fixation which gives high yields of products. The application of special fermentation techniques and the methods for downstream processing of products are described. Techniques such as simultaneous fermentation and product recovery and downstream processing are likely to occupy an important role in the reduction of production costs. Finally, some aspects of process design and current industrial production processes are discussed.