cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The association of patient relationship style and outcomes in collaborative care treatment for depression in patients with diabetes

Purpose: We sought to determine whether relationship style in patients with diabetes receiving depression treatment is associated with differential quality of care and depression outcomes. Methods: From 9 health maintenance organization clinics, 324 primary care patients with diabetes and comorbid major depression and/or dysthymia participated in the Pathways randomized controlled trial of collaborative care for depression (n = 160) versus usual care (n = 164). The intervention provided outreach, enhanced support of antidepressant medication use, and problem-solving treatment delivered by nurse case managers. Using attachment theory principles, we categorized patients as having an independent (n = 190) or interactive (n = 134) relationship style. We assessed whether patient relationship style moderated treatment group differences in quality of care and depression outcomes. Results: Among independent relationship style patients, the intervention resulted in significantly greater satisfaction with depression care in the first 6 months and 47 more depression-free days (P < 0.0003) based on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist at 12 months, compared with usual care. There were no significant treatment group differences in satisfaction with care or depression outcomes among patients with interactive relationship style. Among patients receiving the intervention, those with an independent relationship style received significantly more problem-solving treatment sessions as compared with patients with an interactive relationship style. Conclusion: Among depressed patients with diabetes, the Pathways collaborative care intervention improved quality of care for depression compared with usual care in both relationship style groups but was associated with significantly better depressive outcomes and greater satisfaction with care compared with usual care in patients with independent but not interactive relationship style.
The “Profitability” of Technology Licensing by U.S. Multinationals: A Framework for Analysis and an Empirical Study

The fees or compensation charged by technology licensing companies to recipient firms overseas have long been subject to debate. Opinion has ranged from a cost-related pricing to a monopolistic pricing model where the price or compensation is considerably higher than the variable costs of effecting a transfer. The empirical study covering 102 technology licenses shows that whereas compensation levels greatly exceed transfer costs, statistically they are strongly related. Compensation levels are influenced by the extent of services rendered to the licensee and by his scale of production. Important differences were manifest between industrialized nations and LDCs, between product types, and between patented and unpatented technologies.
The liberation of questioning in Augustine's Confessions

Augustin conclue ses Confession sur une parole enigmatique : aperietur (sera ouvert). Se degage ainsi l'importance du theme du questionnement, notion essentielle pour comprendre comment Augustin concevait la nature de la croyance religieuse et la foi. Envisager les Confessions comme un apprentissage du questionnement permet d'eclairer non seulement le contenu de l'oeuvre, mais aussi de sa structure, en particulier du brusque changement de ton et de theme entre les livres 1-9 et 10-13.
Simplified analysis techniques to support the determination of Shuttle aerodynamics

The use of deterministic and regression methods to supplement the maximum likelihood estimation programs for the determination of the stability and control parameters of the Shuttle vehicle is discussed. Examples taken from STS-2 and STS-3 flight data show the use of deterministic methods to verify the effectiveness of the pitch and roll Reaction Control System (RCS), to verify the model structure used in the maximum likelihood estimator and to indicate regions of the descent trajectory where unmodeled moments dominate the vehicle motion and the application of maximum likelihood estimation would lead to incorrect parameter values. The use of regression methods to determine selected parameters when the more sophisticated maximum likelihood programs are not required, to determine the form of the vehicle mathematical model and to select the data time intervals for most effective parameter identification are also discussed.
An In vitro effect of physiological levels of cortisol and related steroids on the structural integrity of the nucleus in rat thymic lymphocytes as measured by resistance to lysis

Abstract The ability of rat thymus cell nuclei to survive lysis of cells by hypotonic shock (dilution into 1.5 mM MgCl2) is decreased by incubation of whole cells with physiological levels of glucocorticoid hormones in vitro. This effect on “nuclear fragility” is first discernible after 0.5–1 h of incubation with hormone as an increase in non-sedimentible DNA in whole cell lysates. It is measureable at 2 h by counting numbers of surviving nuclei, and by changes in the distribution of DNA and protein from lysed cells on sucrose gradients. Evidence is presented to show that the effect is initiated by a series of molecular events characteristically similar to those which initiate the metabolic effects of the hormone, including specific binding of hormone to receptors and events that are sensitive to cycloheximide. The effect differs from effects of the hormone on many transport and biosynthetic processes which occur at the same time (1–3 h) in as much as the nuclear effect does not require the presence of a carbohydrate energy source in order to become apparent. The specificity and time of onset of the decrease in nuclear integrity combined with the fact that it is reflective of changes in nuclear structure, make it quite likely that it is a simple, rapid assay in vitro of the lymphocytolic effects of Cortisol.
Achieving superior MEBES performance through the use of SPC programs and state-of-the-art facilities

A MEBES III system can perform at levels that far exceed those published by the manufacturer. To achieve this, the photomask facility must be capable of maintaining extremely tight temperature controls. In addition, noise free power must be utilized and Class 10 cleanliness maintained. Through the use of a statistical process control (SPC) program generated at Etec, the MEBES performance can be monitored. Anomalies in system performance can be immediately identified and corrected without losing production masks. Impending system problems such as needed gun changes, gun centering, aperture changes, and charging of plates can be recognized and corrected before MEBES system performance would exceed our specifications. This paper also describes some of the unique facility designs/controls and demonstrated, through results, how these contribute to the MEBES performance.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Using NLM Exhibits and Events to Engage Library Users and Reach the Community

In an effort to reach out to library users and make the library a more relevant, welcoming place, the University of Florida's Health Science Center Library hosted exhibits from the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Traveling Exhibition Program. From 2010 through 2012, the library hosted four NLM exhibits and created event series for each. Through reflection and use of a participant survey, lessons were learned concerning creating relevant programs, marketing events, and forming new partnerships. Each successive exhibit added events and activities to address different audiences. A survey of libraries that have hosted NLM exhibits highlights lessons learned at those institutions.
Technology and organizational change in libraries

Many influences on the organizational structure of libraries can be discerned, of which technology perhaps is the most pervasive. This paper discusses some of the ways technology is influencing organizational change in libraries and what can be done to direct these changes positively in a manner that will benefit libraries.
Inhibition of nucleoside phosphorylase cleavage of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine by 2,4- pyrimidinedione derivatives

Abstract Several 2,4-pyrimidinedione (uracil) derivatives were evaluated as inhibitors of the pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases that cleave 5-fluorn-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR) to 5-fluorouracil. Pyrimidinediones substituted at either N-1 or C-5, or both, markedly inhibited the phosphorolysis of FUdR by the uridine-deoxyuridine phosphorylases of Ehrlich ascites and Novikoff hepatoma cells. The most potent inhibitors were 5-benzyluracil derivatives substituted with alkoxy groups on the meta-position of the benzyl moiety; the most active of these was 5-{[3-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methyl}uracil. The same derivatives, however, did not inhibit the phosphorolysis of FUdR by the thymidine phosphorylases of murine liver, human leukocytes and HeLa (S3) cells. 6-Anilino and 6-(1-naphthylmethylamino) derivatives of uracil, which have been shown by others to inhibit the cleavage of FUdR by the thymidine phosphorylase activity of Escherichia coli, did not inhibit any of the mammalian thymidine or uridinedeoxyuridine phosphorylase activities. By contrast, pyrimidinediones substituted with smaller, non-hydrophobic groups at either C-5 or C-6, or both, inhibited the cleavage of FUdR by both the mammalian thymidine and uridine-deoxyuridine phosphorylases. The most active of these, 6-aminothymine, was also the best inhibitor of thymidine phosphorylase. Our results demonstrate differences in the active sites of the various pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases, and should provide a basis for the design of more potent and specific inhibitors of the nucleoside phosphorylase(s) responsible for the cleavage of FUdR in man.
On a decomposition of near-source earthquake ground motion

Abstract The characteristics of the near-source ground motion in two-dimensional anti-plane and plane-strain kinematic fault models are examined in some detail. In particular, the relative importance of the near-source starting phases, passage of the rupture front phase and stopping phases is determined. At short distances to the fault, at low or intermediate frequencies, and, away from the ends of the fault, the rupture passage phase dominates the synthetic motion. It is shown that this phase can be calculated by use of a simple steady-state dislocation model. A method of solution which decomposes the near-source ground motion into starting, stopping and rupture passage phases is also presented. Finally, a simple steady-state anti-plane shear fault model in a two-material medium is used to determine the amplification effects associated with shock waves refracted into softer materials.
Development of a Sliding-Rolling Contact Fatigue Tester

Contact fatigue failure is a common problem experienced in many applications such as bearings, gears, and railway tracks. In recent years, research companies have developed finishing processes that aim to improve components’ contact fatigue life. Preliminary rolling contact fatigue tests have shown that superfinishing processes could potentially improve a component’s contact fatigue life by 300 %. However, before these technologies can move from the laboratories to industrial platforms, more tests are needed to verify the claim. The objective of the work herein is to discuss the completion and verification of a sliding-rolling contact fatigue (S-RCF) test rig. This project is funded by the U.S. Army to assess the real benefit of superfinishing on the contact fatigue life of gears used in helicopter transmission boxes. The proposed tester design uses three rollers around a specimen, a hydraulic loading mechanism, and two servo motors. This configuration of the S-RCF tester allows for shorter testing time, more flexible testing parameters such as any combination of slide-roll ratio between the surfaces, any operating speed, and dry or lubricated testing conditions. Failure is detected with a state-of-the-art eddy current crack detection system, which can also be used to monitor and investigate crack growth for different materials, levels of superfinish, and operating conditions. Preliminary tests on a common gear material (AISI 8620 steel) were performed to assess the mechanical limits as well as the control software performance. This paper presents the detailed development and validation of the tester. It discusses issues involved with servo controllers, electronic gear ratio, and their ability to provide precise speed and slip ratios.
Integrated Multiscale Robust Design Considering Microstructure Evolution and Material Properties in the Hot Rolling Process

A transmission gear is generally produced by a sequence of several processes from steelmaking to final machining and surface treatment. The intermediate processes such as hot rolling induce microstructure evolution and phase transformation which play a significant role in determining the mechanical properties and fatigue strength of gears. Therefore, these intermediate processes should be carefully considered in determining the performance and properties of the end product.In this paper, an integrated multiscale robust design approach using the Inductive Design Exploration Method (IDEM) is implemented to improve robustness in the presence of uncertainty by exploring the solution space in order to find feasible solutions to satisfy technical requirements and/or customer aspirations. Four pass roll design with oval and round grooves is used to simulate the hot bar rolling process. The microstructure evolution, flow stress, and wear prediction models are implemented in the analysis model to account for the process-structure relationship in each roll pass. Surrogate models for some parameters such as ultimate tensile strength are then developed based on the analysis results. Using the relationship of processing-structure-property-performance, the integrated realization of engineered materials and products (IREMP) can be accomplished over multiple length scales. In IDEM, the range of the property-performance relationship is first evaluated by the requirements for the end product. Subsequently, the austenite and ferrite grain sizes and material properties are inductively determined by exploring the design space. Consequently roll pass design including the rolling conditions and the microstructure of billets are customized by the exploration of design variables based on IDEM.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Coliform bacteria in the intestine of mice.

Mice of the NCS and NCS-D colonies, bred at the Rockefeller University, harbored in their intestine an endemic strain of slow lactose-fermenting Escherichia coli 081±: :H21 serotype. In addition, NCS mice have recently acquired E. coli 0109±:K48:H14. Both strains persisted during the period of observation, whereas they were not encountered in the feces of mice from two other colonies. Other coliform strains encountered were more transient in their occurrence. Since strains of E. coli 081±: :H21 and 0109±:K48:H14 are extremely uncommon in human beings, it seems probable that they possess specificity for the mouse host.
Terahertz Ray Imaging: a new ray of hope in Imaging Science

Imaging technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in our society.Even though there were many successful imaging modalities ever since the advent of roentgen rays, they all have their shortcomings. And imaging of dental tissue had always been a challenge in imaging science due to the various layers which differ in physical and chemical and structural properties. Considerable improvisations of existing techniques and new research activities are going on in the development of newer imaging modalities that could revolutionize the science of dental radiology.
Mode of Action of 3‐Amino‐l,2,4‐Triazole on Photosynthetic Microorganisms*

SYNOPSIS. 3-Amino-l,2,4-triazole (AT) inhibits the multiplication and pigment synthesis of several photosynthetic pro-tists, Ochromonas danica, 0. malhamensis, Euglena gracilis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris; it also inhibits the catalase activity of beef liver and O. malhamensis. Fe++, Fe+++ or lecithin annul the inhibition by AT of multiplication and pigment synthesis in O. danica. Chelation of iron is suggested as the main action of AT on Odanica,
Priming of Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

The clinical potential of stem cells has driven forward efforts toward their optimization for tissue engineering applications. The intimal layer of the synovium is composed of two cell types, macrophages and fibroblast-like cells. The fibroblast-like cells, often referred to as synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (sMSCs), have the capability to differentiate down a chondrogenic lineage1. In addition, in vivo tests have shown that synovial cells may be recruited from the synovial membrane to aid in the repair of articular cartilage defects2.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Solid state heat capacity disk laser

This paper describes a solid state laser concept that scales to MW levels of burst power and MJ of burst energy and burst durations measured in seconds. During lasing action, waste heat is purposely stored in the heat capacity of the active medium. The paper outlines the principal scaling laws of key operational features and arrives at a conceptual design example of the laser head as well as a mobile laser system.
Chlorination of isothiocyanates. VIII. Reaction of S-chloroisothiocarbamoyl chlorides with aliphatic and cycloaliphatic ketones†

Reported is the synthesis of various derivatives of 2-imino-5-chloro-1,3-oxathiolanes, 2-imino-1,3-oxathioles and 1,3-thiazolin-2-ones from N-aryl- and N-alkyl-S-chloroisothiocarbamoyl chlorides and ketones.
Molecular dynamics simulations of reactive wetting in metal–ceramic systems

Abstract We have simulated the wetting of sapphire by aluminum using the ES+ potential. This potential is unique among empirical potentials because it applies a combination of the embedded atom method (EAM) and Coulomb potentials on a system of atoms with defined electronegativities so that the atom charges as well as the interatomic forces and system energies found by typical empirical potentials can be determined. Because we do not have to specify atom bond character a priori , we can directly model reactive wetting where atoms from the metal droplet may replace cations in the ceramic substrate and undergo the appropriate change from metallic to ionic bonding. Also, by using this empirical potential, we can simulate large dynamic systems that cannot be simulated by first-principles methods, albeit with some loss in detail and accuracy. In our simulations of high-temperature wetting we observe the formation of an oxygen-deficient reaction layer between the liquid and the substrate. The driving force for the creation of this layer is the partial oxidation of the metallic aluminum, which results in partial reduction of the aluminum ions in the substrate and diffusion of oxygen from the substrate to the reaction layer. We believe that this change in stoichiometry at the metal–ceramic interface may influence diffusivities in the surface of the ceramic and may therefore have an important effect on the kinetics of the evolution of surface features observed experimentally during reactive wetting.
Cloudiness as a Global Climatic Feedback Mechanism: The Effects on the Radiation Balance and Surface Temperature of Variations in Cloudiness

Abstract The effect of variation in cloudiness on the climate is considered in terms of 1) a relation between the radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system and variations in the amount of cloud cover or effective cloud top height, 2) the effect on the surface temperature of variations in cloudiness, and 3) the dynamic coupling or “feedback” effects relating changes in surface temperature to the formation of clouds. The first two points are studied by numerical integration of a simple radiation flux model, and the third point is discussed qualitatively. Global-average radiation balance calculations show that an increase in the amount of low and middle level cloud cover (with cloud top height and cloud albedo fixed) decreases the surface temperature. But, this result for the global-average case does not hold near polar regions, where the albedo of the cloudy areas can he comparable to (or even smaller than) the albedo of the snow-covered cloudless areas, and where, especially in the winter season, th...
Genetically determined apo B levels and peak LDL density predict angiographic response to intensive lipid-lowering therapy.

Objective: Lipid-lowering therapy (LL-Rx) reduces coronary artery disease (CAD) but the response varies amongst individuals. We investigated the contribution of three genetic forms of dyslipidaemia characterized by elevated plasma apo B, familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL), and elevated Lp(a), to the angiographic response with LL-Rx. Methods and results: Fifty-one men, with premature CAD and elevated plasma apo B, were selected in whom a genetic diagnosis was based on lipid phenotypes in relatives. Subjects received conventional (diet ± colestipol) or intensive LL-Rx (niacin or lovastatin plus colestipol). Clinical parameters and CAD severity were measured before and after 2½ years of treatment. Twenty-seven patients had FCHL, 12 FH and 12 elevated Lp(a). Regression of coronary stenosis was dependent on the effect of therapy (P < 0.001), genetic form of dyslipidaemia (P = 0.004) and the interaction between the two variables (P = 0.02). Significant regression of coronary stenosis occurred only in FCHL and Lp(a) (P = 0.03, vs. control groups); CAD progression was only slowed in FH. Conclusions: Three genetic forms of dyslipidaemia were associated with different angiographic outcomes during intensive LL-Rx. Different forms of dyslipidaemia therefore may require different lipid-lowering strategy. Patients with FH and buoyant LDL require more aggressive reduction of LDL cholesterol whilst those with either FCHL or elevated Lp(a) with dense LDL need LDL cholesterol reduction as well as therapies aimed at reduction of the small, dense LDL particles.
Parables and Politics: Clergy Attitudes toward Illegal Immigration in Alabama.

The passage of a stringent immigration law in Alabama in 2011 makes relevant the juxtaposition of clergy and congregant attitudes and behaviors toward illegal immigrants as related to Biblical teachings that require charity to aliens. In order to examine the relationship between religious attitudes and illegal immigration, approximately 426 members of the Alabama clergy completed an anonymous survey in which they provided information about their own and their perceptions about their churches’ attitudes and actions toward illegal immigration and their responses to the new law. While congregant political philosophy and ethnicity of congregants create some differences in outlook toward illegal immigration, the great majority of churches continue to provide outreach, regardless of political viewpoint.
Teacher's attitudes toward mainstreaming: Implications for inservice training and program modifications in early childhood

Increased emphasis on mainstreaming has revealed that some teachers, both early childhood and elementary, are opposed to working with the handicapped. While some of their opposition is due to lack of necessary skills to teach the handicapped, their attitudes also have been shown to contribute to their resistance. Research on ways to improve teachers' skills and attitudes has found inservice training on methods and techniques for working with the handicapped and certain modifications to existing programs and curricula are beneficial. This article discusses the importance of inservice training and program modifications as they relate to mainstreamed early childhood programs.
Development of an evidence‐based review with recommendations using an online iterative process

Background: The practice of modern medicine is governed by evidence-based principles. Due to the plethora of medical literature, clinicians often rely on systematic reviews and clinical guidelines to summarize the evidence and provide best practices. Implementation of an evidence-based clinical approach can minimize variation in health care delivery and optimize the quality of patient care. Methods: This article reports a method for developing an “Evidence-based Review with Recommendations” using an online iterative process. The manuscript describes the following steps involved in this process: Clinical topic selection, Evidence-hased review assignment, Literature review and initial manuscript preparation, Iterative review process with author selection, and Manuscript finalization. Results: The goal of this article is to improve efficiency and increase the production of evidence-based reviews while maintaining the high quality and transparency associated with the rigorous methodology utilized for clinical guideline development. Conclusion: With the rise of evidence-based medicine, most medical and surgical specialties have an abundance of clinical topics which would benefit from a formal evidence-based review. Although clinical guideline development is an important methodology, the associated challenges limit development to only the absolute highest priority clinical topics. As outlined in this article, the online iterative approach to the development of an Evidence-based Review with Recommendations may improve productivity without compromising the quality associated with formal guideline development methodology. © 2011 ARS-AAOA, LLC.
ThermoData Engine (TDE): Software Implementation of the Dynamic Data Evaluation Concept. 9. Extensible Thermodynamic Constraints for Pure Compounds and New Model Developments

ThermoData Engine (TDE) is the first full-scale software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept, as reported in this journal. The present article describes the background and implementation for new additions in latest release of TDE. Advances are in the areas of program architecture and quality improvement for automatic property evaluations, particularly for pure compounds. It is shown that selection of appropriate program architecture supports improvement of the quality of the on-demand property evaluations through application of a readily extensible collection of constraints. The basis and implementation for other enhancements to TDE are described briefly. Other enhancements include the following: (1) implementation of model-validity enforcement for specific equations that can provide unphysical results if unconstrained, (2) newly refined group-contribution parameters for estimation of enthalpies of formation for pure compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, (3) implementation o...
Consumer Competence and the Reform of American Health Care

This report examines the role of the expert in the American health care system, both as provider and administrative policymaker. It shows that the guiding assumption of American health care policy, ie, that the medical system can and should be managed by experts on behalf of consumers and patients, does not hold up to scrutiny. It also demonstrates that the important theme in American history of placing authority and responsibility for action in the hands of the individual has not been sufficiently influential in American health care. Drawing on this theme and creating consumer competence and responsibility in health care choices as the keys to health care reform in the United States are advocated. (JAMA. 1992;267:1511-1515)
Dynamics and Measurement of Smokes. II The Aerodynamic Diameter of Chain Aggregates in the Transition Regime

Aerodynamic diameters of linear Fe2 O3 chain aggregates with up to 160 primary particles ranging in mean diameter from 0.035 to 0.12 μm were measured with a cylindrical aerosol centrifuge. Aerodynamic diameters closely follow the semiempirical expression were ρ/ρo is the ratio of particle density to unit density; DI and og are the mean diameter and geometric standard deviation of the primary particles, respectively; and n is the average number of primary particles in a chain found at the location corresponding to D AE. The coefficient k is a function of D I only. In the continuum limit (DI $$ 0.02 μm) κ appears to reach a constant value that is consistent with earlier measurements by Stober et al. (1970). The results suggest a predominant settling orientation normal to the chain axis for centrifuge measurements. Values for the slip coefficient as a function of chain thickness and length are derived, and imperfections in the chain configuration are explained in terms of a coefficient X.
Is There Sufficient Common Ground to Resolve the Abortion Debate

A common response to ongoing disagreement about abortion has been to look for overlap between the prolife and prochoice sides of the debate. In recent years, however, both opposing camps in the debate have claimed to be able to establish their respective positions on the basis of the same common ground. Faced with the apparent failure of philosophers to settle their differences about abortion by means of shared values, the question naturally arises: what should we do about this? It is possible to discern two main options in the scholarly literature. The first is to keep doing what we are already doing: namely, trying to create consensus on the abortion issue by appealing to analogies designed to reveal common ground. One example of this approach comes from a recent attempt by Charles Camosy to find areas of agreement with Peter Singer and other defenders of abortion. Alternatively, one might grant that the moral problem of abortion is rationally irresolvable, but then assert that we should nonetheless accept one side or the other of the abortion debate on political grounds. By appealing to political values that are widely shared in liberal societies, several philosophers have argued that the intractability of the question of fetal moral status favors the prochoice position. For example, Chris Kaposy claims that even though ‘‘reason does not require any particular understanding of the fetus’s moral standing,’’ it is still the case that ‘‘an effective argument against the prohibition of abortion can be made on grounds of freedom of conscience and religion.’’
Rectangular pulse distortion due to a nonlinear complex transmission propagation constant

Abstract A theoretical analysis of the waveform distortion of a rectangular r. f. pulse propagating through a guided uniform microwave transmission medium is presented. A nonlinear complex propagation constant as a function of frequency is assumed where the attenuation and phase constants are approximated by a quadratic. By applying Fourier transformation, an expression is derived for the exit waveform as a function of the propagation distance, attenuation, dispersion, and input pulse width. The derived expression has been formulated in terms of error functions of a complex variable. Results are discussed and illustrated in terms of the reduced relative amplitude of the pulse waveform due to dispersion and loss separately.
Computer aided design for introducing high school students to engineering

This paper describes the use of design software for outreach to high school students via participation in a computer-aided bridge design competition to stimulate interest in engineering and design, to provide an opportunity to perform a legitimate structural design based on realistic design specifications and constraints, and to demonstrate the utility of computers as problem-solving tools. A deliberate, outreach methodology guided users through the design for a truss-type bridge. The truss must span a specified length, conform to height restrictions and minimum water clearance, and carry its own weight plus a standard AASHTO truck loading. Within these bounds, the user can freely define the shape and configuration while minimizing cost. This paper presents the results of over 70 successful designs, demonstrating the iterative nature of the design, the wide range of creative solutions developed by participants, and the changing student perceptions of engineering as a future field of study.
Experiences of Mobile IP Security

As I’m doing local arrangements here I usually take the prerogative of giving a short talk. I realised when getting ready for this session that if I were to give the walkthrough of how the mobile IPv6 protocol actually works this would not be a short talk at all. So I’m going to deliberately avoid giving a detailed protocol walkthrough and leave this problem to later speakers if they need it. Instead, I’ll talk in general terms about what we need for network level mobility protocols.
Improvement of the corrosion resistance on Nd-Fe-B magnets with nickel plating

Three kinds of corrosion tests, a humidity test (80 degrees C, 90% RH), an autoclave test (120 degrees C, 2 atm saturated with water vapor), and a salt spray test (35 degrees C, 5% NaCl), were performed on a sintered magnet treated with nickel plating. For comparison, samples with epoxy resin coating, Al ion plating, and without coating were also exposed to the corrosion test. After specified periods of corrosion testing, the permanent flux loss of the remagnetized sample was measured. Changes in appearance were also observed. It was found that the epoxy resin coating could not prevent the penetration of moisture in the humidity and autoclave tests because of its hygroscopic properties. The nickel plating and Al ion plating withstood the humidity and autoclave tests reasonably well, but they suffered slight corrosion in the salt spray test. It is concluded that the use of nickel plating can provide high corrosion resistance and low cost of production. >
Antiangiogenic Agents, Chemotherapy, and the Treatment of Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma

A 69-year-old man with a 100 pack-year history of smoking developed gross hematuria. His medical history included hypertension, a silent myocardial infarction, and a cerebrovascular accident complicated by seizures. Cystoscopy and biopsy showed a 4-cm mass at the right ureteral orifice positive for a high-grade papillary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with muscularis propria invasion (Fig 1). The computed tomography (CT)/positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis showed hydronephrosis and hydroureter with marked cortical thinning and multiple bilateral PET-avid pulmonary nodules, with the largest in the left upper lung measuring 3.0 × 2.5 cm (Figs 2A, 3A), biopsy of which showed invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma. The patient consented to join a clinical trial for metastatic TCC (USON [US Oncology Network study] 06040) involving treatment with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and sunitinib (GCS) 37.5 mg per day. Four days later, he experienced a 10-day hospitalization for acute pancreatitis and neutropenia. Sunitinib was discontinued, and he completed four additional cycles of GC. CT/PET showed that the right ureteral mass and all lung nodules had regressed or disappeared (Figs 2B, 3B). The largest remaining lung nodule at 1.4 cm showed no metabolic activity. He underwent a radical cystoprostatectomy and right nephroureterectomy, disclosing residual high-grade urothelial carcinoma infiltrating the full thickness of the ureteral wall. There was carcinoma in situ of the bladder, and 42 nodes were negative for cancer. The surgery was followed by a small, uncomplicated myocardial infarction. A scheduled left thoracotomy to remove the remaining nodule was cancelled. No additional chemotherapy was administered, and the patient remains free of recurrence 2 years from initiation of chemotherapy. The 1.4-cm nodule has calcified and remains stable and metabolically inactive. He has no sequelae of chemotherapy or surgery, with a creatinine level of 1.35 mg/dL.
Critical Findings: Timing of Notification in Neuroradiology

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Timely reporting of critical findings in radiology has been identified by The Joint Commission as one of the National Patient Safety Goals. Our aim was to determine the magnitude of delays between identifying a neuroradiologic critical finding and verbally notifying the caregiver in an effort to improve clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We surveyed the time of critical finding discovery, attempted notification, and direct communication between neuroradiologists and caregivers for weekday, evening, overnight, and weekend shifts during an 8-week period. The data were collected by trained observers and/or trainees and included 13 neuroradiology attendings plus fellows and residents. Critical findings were based on a previously approved 17-item list. Summary and comparative t test statistics were calculated, and sources of delays were identified. RESULTS: Ninety-one critical findings were recorded. The mean time from study acquisition to critical finding discovery was 62.2 minutes, from critical finding discovery to call made 3.7 minutes, and from call made to direct communication, 5.2 minutes. The overall time from critical finding discovery to caregiver notification was within 10 minutes in 72.5% (66/91) and 15 minutes in 93.4% (85/91) of cases. There were no significant differences across shifts except for daytime versus overnight and weekend shifts, when means were 2.4, 5.6, and 8.7 minutes, respectively (P 1 physician was called, the mean notification time increased from 3.5 to 10.1 minutes (P CONCLUSIONS: Direct communication with the responsible referring physician occurred consistently within 10–15 minutes after observation of a critical finding. These delays are less than the average interval from study acquisition to critical finding discovery (mean, 62.2 minutes).
Nanoconfinement and the Strength of Biopolymers

This review examines size effects observed in the mechanical strength of biopolymers that are organized in microstructures such as fibrils, layered composites, or particle nanocomposites. We review the most important aspects that connect nanoconfinement of basic material constituents at critical length scales to the mechanical performance of the entire material system: elastic modulus, strength, extensibility, and robustness. We outline theoretical and computational analysis as well as experimentation by emphasizing two strategies found in abundant natural materials: confined fibrils as part of fibers and confined mineral platelets that transfer load through a biopolymer interface in nanocomposites. We also discuss the application of confinement as a mechanism to tailor specific material properties in biological systems.
Antipredator Responses to a Previously Neutral Sound by Free-living Adult Golden-mantled Ground Squirrels, Spermophilus lateralis (Sciuridae)

I investigated whether free-living adult golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) could learn to associate a novel sound with the appearance of a predator. Using a classical conditioning protocol. I presented adult squirrels with a novel tone followed by the appcarance of a model hawk. After repeated trials, I again measured the squirrels' behavioral responses to the tone and compared them with their pretraining responses. Individuals that experienced the tone paired with the hawk responded with antipredator behavior of longer duration after pairing than before and these responses were indistinguishable from responses to natural, conspecific alarm calls. By examining the process, rather than simply the pattern. of call recognition ontogeny, this study provides new evidence for a mechanism by which animals call develop the ability to respond to both conspecific and heterospecific calls.
Mouse models of Huntington's disease and methodological considerations for therapeutic trials

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded polyglutamine cytosine-adenine-guanine repeat in the gene coding for the protein huntingtin. Despite great progress, a direct causative pathway from the HD gene mutation to neuronal dysfunction and death has not yet been established. One important advance in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of this disease has been the development of multiple murine models that replicate many of the clinical, neuropathological, and molecular events in HD patients. These models have played an important role in providing accurate and experimentally accessible systems to study multiple aspects of disease pathogenesis and to test potential therapeutic treatment strategies. Understanding how disease processes interrelate has become important in identifying a pharmacotherapy in HD and in the design of clinical trials. A review of the current state of HD mouse models and their successes in elucidating disease pathogenesis are discussed. There is no clinically proven treatment for HD that can halt or ameliorate the inexorable disease progression. As such, a guide to assessing studies in mouse models and salient issues related to translation from mice to humans are included.
Constitutive laws pertaining to electroplasticity in Metals

A constitutive equation is given for the effect of an electric current on the plastic strain rate in metals in the quasi-static regime. The equation includes an electron wind assisting the applied stress in helping dislocations overcome obstacles, and possible effects of the current on the obstacle strength, activation area and pre-exponential in the Arrhenius rate equation. Experimental results on the electroplastic effect in Cu were in reasonable accord with predicted behavior. Two effects of an electric current were identified: (a) an electron wind and (b) an effect on the obstacle strength and/or the activation area, and possibly the preexponential factor.
Detection of a target in a homogeneous medium using angular correlation function

A novel technique for detecting a target buried under a homogeneous medium is presented. This technique is based on a phenomenon known as the angular memory effect, and involves measurement of the angular correlation function (ACF) for scattered waves observed at antenna positions where the masking effect of the medium on the desirable target ACF return is minimized. Millimeter-wave experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique.
Patterns of Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Justice System Involvement Among Youth Aging Out of Child Welfare

Although research on youth aging out of the child welfare system has increased, there has been limited focus on how their experiences vary. In particular, there is a need to examine patterns in the involvement of these youth in other systems, which indicate constellations of challenges facing these young people as they transition out of care and into adulthood. Using administrative data from a large birth cohort of individuals born between 1985 and 1994 whose families have been involved in the child welfare system, this article presents an analysis of the mental health, substance abuse, juvenile justice, and criminal justice system involvement of youth who have aged out of child welfare. Using a 2-step cluster analysis, we identify 5 subgroups of youth. Two of these groups, accounting for almost half of the youth, have little other system involvement and have child welfare care careers of relative stability. The other 3 groups, consisting of just over half of the youth, have much more extensive other system involvement, as well as care careers marked by instability and a greater proportion of time spent in congregate care.
Telomere Length: An Independent Risk Factor for Premature MI?

To the Editor: We read with great interest the recent report by Brouilette et al1 on white cell telomere length and risk of premature myocardial infarction. We agree with the authors that the findings have the potential to be of great importance in understanding the etiology of coronary heart disease and in distinguishing biological from chronological aging. We were, however, concerned about two points in the analysis. First, in Table 2, the effect of CHD risk factors on telomere length is displayed with adjustment for case status. Each of these variables differs between cases and controls, as does telomere length. The analysis controls for case status, and the results are presented as evidence for lack of a significant relationship between each of these factors and telomere length. We are concerned that, because the CHD risk factors …
Mapping the climate of Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra

Spatially explicit climate data contribute to watershed resource management, mapping vegetation type with satellite imagery, mapping present and hypothetical future ecological zones, and predicting species distributions. The regression based Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) uses spatial data sets, a knowledge base and expert interaction to generate GIS-compatible grids of climate variables. This study applied PRISM to generate maps of mean monthly and annual precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature for the Caribbean islands of Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra over the 1963-1995 averaging period. PRISM was run under alternative parameterizations that simulated simpler interpolation methods as well as the full PRISM model. For temperature, the standard PRISM parameterization was compared to a hypsometric method, in which the temperature/elevation slope was assumed to be -6.5°C/km (HYPS). For precipitation, the standard PRISM parameterization was compared to an inverse-distance weighting interpolation (IDW). Spatial temperature patterns were linked closely to elevation, topographic position, and coastal proximity. Both PRISM and HYPS performed well for July maximum temperature, but HYPS performed relatively poorly for January minimum temperature, due primarily to lack of a spatially varying temperature/elevation slope, vertical atmospheric layer definition, and coastal proximity guidance. Mean monthly precipitation varied significantly throughout the year, reflecting seasonally differing moisture trajectories. Spatial precipitation patterns were associated most strongly with elevation, upslope exposure to predominant moisture-bearing winds, and proximity to the ocean. IDW performed poorly compared to PRISM, due largely to the lack of elevation and moisture availability information. Overall, the full PRISM approach resulted in greatly improved performance over simpler methods for precipitation and January minimum temperature, but only a small improvement for July maximum temperature. Comparisons of PRISM mean annual temperature and precipitation maps to previously-published, hand-drawn maps showed similar overall patterns and magnitudes, but the PRISM maps provided much more spatial detail.
Estrogen prevents norepinephrine alpha-2a receptor reversal of stress-induced working memory impairment

Understanding effects of estrogen on the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) may help to elucidate the increased prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in women of ovarian cycling age. Estrogen replacement in ovariectomized (OVX) young rats amplifies the detrimental effects of stress on working memory (a PFC-mediated task), but the mechanisms by which this occurs have yet to be identified. In male rats, stimulation of norepinephrine alpha-2 adrenoceptors protects working memory from stress-induced impairments. However, this effect has not been studied in females, and has not been examined for sensitivity to estrogen. The current study asked whether OVX females with estrogen replacement (OVX + Est) and without replacement (OVX + Veh) responded differently to stimulation of alpha-2 adrenoceptors after administration of the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG7142, a pharmacological stressor. The alpha-2 agonist, guanfacine, protected working memory from the impairing effects of FG7142 in OVX + Veh, but not in OVX + Est rats. Western Blot analysis for alpha-2 receptors was performed on PFC tissue from each group, but no changes in expression were found, indicating that the behavioral effects observed were likely not due to changes in receptor expression. These findings point to possible mechanisms by which estrogen may enhance the stress response, and hold implications for the gender discrepancy in the prevalence of stress-related mental illness.