cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reflections on nursing health services research: where the idealism of research meets the realities of practice.

There is no question that nurses and nursing are central to health care, particularly at the “sharp end” of care delivery. Nurses and nursing care have been recognized as critical influences on patient, system, and societal outcomes (Burstin, Lewis, & Hubbard, 2001; Hubbard, Walker, Clancy, & Stryer, 2002; Jones & Lusk, 2002; Jones & Mark, 2005) and as playing key leadership roles in a changing, global, patient-centred health-care system (Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2010). Yet, despite the importance of nurses in the delivery of health care, regulatory, financial, and political barriers may prevent societies from fully appreciating the positive effects of nurses and nursing care on outcomes at all levels. Recently, nurses have been recognized by leaders at the “blunt end” of care as “the new rainmakers” (Betbeze, 2007; PricewaterhouseCoopers Health Research Institute, 2007). As described in the context of the American health-care system, nurses are expected to make a “significant impact on the key metrics that will drive reimbursement” (Price water houseCoopers Research Intitute, 2007, p. 2). The connection between nurses and key reimbursement metrics places nurses front and centre in the financial health of American health-care organizations, and suggests that the discipline will play a much larger — and more publicly acknowledged — role in the health-care system of the future. This view is likely held outside of the American health-care system as well, as the body of evidence has evolved, linking nurses to the quality, safety, and outcomes of care, including organizational financial performance. A recent US report, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (IOM, 2010), has generated great interest globally because it not only envisions nurses’ role in a transformed and patient-centred healthCJNR 2010, Vol. 42 No 3, 13–21
Gas Bath Cryostat for Wide-Range Temperature Control

Accompanying the rapid expansion of low-temperature processing and technology has been a corresponding increase in the need for accurate measurement of low-temperature properties of the materials involved. Often the desired accuracy is attainable only if the temperature of the system whose properties are being measured is controlled to within a few thousandths of a degree over a considerable range of temperatures.
From Thrill to Defensive Hate Crimes: The Impact of September 11, 2001

For a period of time following the original usage of the term “hate crimes” in the late 1980s, there existed a gap in the literature of criminology and social science generally regarding important factors underlying the motivation of hate crime offenders. Researchers recognized that certain criminal behavior had its basis in hostility toward people who were different in socially significant ways from the perpetrator. Yet little was systematically articulated to connect various hate crimes with relevant sociological and social psychological explanatory variables. As a result, those practitioners who deal with hate crimes on a daily basis—for example, prosecu- tors and law enforcement personnel—were at a loss to identify the distinguishing characteristics of hate-motivated offenses. Recognizing this gap in the literature, my colleague Jack McDevitt and I sought to establish an exhaustive typology of offender motivations and to elucidate the range of factors associated with these motives.
Early Events in the Infection of aHelicoverpa zeaCell Line byNosema furnacalisandNosema pyrausta(Microspora: Nosematidae)

Abstract We compared the early events in the in vitro development of two microsporidia, Nosema pyrausta and Nosema furnacalis, that infect the European and Asian corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis and Ostrinia furnacalis, respectively. Spores of both species, produced in O. nubilalis larvae, were activated in alkaline saline solutions and used to infect the Helicoverpa zea cell line BCIRLHZAM1. In both N. pyrausta and N. furnacalis incubated at 31°C, the first sporogonic cycle resulted in the differentiation of early spores that germinated intracellularly. N. pyrausta showed a 24-hr lag phase followed by a growth phase during which meronts had an approximate doubling time of 8 hr. Early spore differentiation began at 48 hr pi, and by 72 hr pi infected cells were filled with empty spores. There was a single increase in the percentage of N. pyrausta infected cells at 72 hr pi as early spore production ceased and the late spores that differentiated subsequently did not germinate intracellularly. In contrast, N. furnacalis had a 12-hr lag phase followed by a growth period when meronts had an approximate doubling time of 4 hr. Early spore differentiation was observed 24 hr pi, and at 34.5 hr pi most infected cells were filled with empty spore cases. Subsequently, N. furnacalis also differentiated late spores but continued to produce early spores leading to continued cross-infection of host cells by N. furnacalis during a 7-day culture period. These results indicate that N. pyrausta and N. furnacalis differ from one another in their patterns of growth and sporogony in H. zea cell cultures.
Galvanizing the Frankenbabe: Sex-Media-Self

In this chapter I develop the concept of “sexscapes,” globalized assemblages of media, transnational capital, sexual practices, and identities. These sexscapes form the environment in which we understand and connect with others and with ourselves as desiring and desirable. The sensory impacts of this technologized environment reconfigure our aesthetic perceptions and our material realities. As Mark Hansen has pointed out, “The human today is embodied in and through technics.” Here, I argue that all contemporary sex is in fact technosex, shaped by the sexscapes we inhabit, and our sexual subjectivities are the products of technogenesis. This implies that sexualities are continually in flux as technologies evolve. So not only is there no endpoint of sexual identity, no stable sexual self, but also, desire and power are interconnected in ways that necessitate further interrogation and ethical consideration.
Hepatic Overexpression of Hemopexin Inhibits Inflammation and Vascular Stasis in Murine Models of Sickle Cell Disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients have low serum hemopexin (Hpx) levels due to chronic hemolysis. We hypothesized that in SCD mice, hepatic overexpression of hemopexin would scavenge the proximal mediator of vascular activation, heme, and inhibit inflammation and microvascular stasis. To examine the protective role of Hpx in SCD, we transplanted bone marrow from NY1DD SCD mice into Hpx−/− or Hpx+/+ C57BL/6 mice. Dorsal skin fold chambers were implanted 13 wks post-transplant, and microvascular stasis (% nonflowing venules) was evaluated in response to heme infusion. Hpx−/− sickle mice had significantly greater microvascular stasis in response to heme infusion than Hpx+/+ sickle mice (p < 0.05), demonstrating the protective effect of Hpx in SCD. We utilized Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon-mediated gene transfer to overexpress wild-type rat Hpx (wt-Hpx) in NY1DD and Townes-SS SCD mice. Control SCD mice were treated with lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS) or a luciferase (Luc) plasmid. Plasma and hepatic Hpx were significantly increased compared with LRS and Luc controls. Microvascular stasis in response to heme infusion in NY1DD and Townes-SS mice overexpressing wt-Hpx had significantly less stasis than controls (p < 0.05). Wt-Hpx overexpression markedly increased hepatic nuclear Nrf2 expression, HO-1 activity and protein, and the heme-Hpx binding protein and scavenger receptor CD91/LRP1, and decreased NF-κB activation. Two missense (ms)-Hpx SB constructs that bound neither heme nor the Hpx receptor CD91/LRP1 did not prevent heme-induced stasis. In conclusion, increasing Hpx levels in transgenic sickle mice via gene transfer activates the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant axis and ameliorates inflammation and vasoocclusion.
Modeling the effects of future land use change on water quality under multiple scenarios: A case study of low-input agriculture with hay/pasture production

Abstract Understanding the relationship between land use and freshwater quality is necessary for effective water management. This study sought to evaluate the impacts of future land use change on water quality in an agriculture dominated watershed in South Dakota. Taking into account three cases (A1B, A2 and B1) of the FOREcasting SCEnarios (FORE-SCE) of Land use Change modeling framework, possible changes in surface runoff, sediment, nitrate and total phosphorus by the end of the 21st century were assessed relative to the baseline (National Land Cover Database 2011) comprising a multi-year period from the recent past (2006–2014). The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used for simulating hydrology and water quality, where particular attention was given to land transformation from “high-input” to “low-input” agriculture. The analysis revealed that urban areas and low-input hay/pasture production would expand from conversion of forest, grassland and high-input cultivated cropland. While afforestation might also occur under certain future scenario assumptions such as B1, all the three scenarios are suggestive of complete grassland depletion by the first quarter of this century. Simulation results suggested that water quality would improve with expansion of hay/pasture production (as low-input agriculture), reducing surface runoff volume, sediment, nitrate and total phosphorus loads by 3–14% across all three future scenarios of land use change. This study provides an example on how physically-based land use projections can be ingested in SWAT modeling to identify possible environmental implications of future land use changes. Similar studies adopted on large scales would be useful to support holistic water resources management strategies and associated policy interventions.
An unstructured quadrilateral mesh generation algorithm for aircraft structures

Abstract Because commercial aircraft are built with thin-walled structures, their structural performance is well-modeled using shell-element meshes. However, creating these meshes for the full aircraft configuration can be challenging and presents a bottleneck in the design process, especially in a configuration-level design space. This paper presents an algorithm that automatically creates unstructured quadrilateral meshes for the full airframe based on just the description of the desired structural members. The approach consists in representing each node in the mesh as a linear combination of points on the geometry so that the structural mesh morphs as the geometry changes, as it would, for example, in aerostructural optimization. The algorithm divides the aircraft skin into 4-sided domains based on the underlying B -spline representation of the geometry. It meshes each domain independently using an algorithm based on constrained Delaunay triangulation, triangle merging and splitting to obtain a quadrilateral mesh, and elliptical smoothing. Examples of full-configuration structural meshes are provided, and a mesh convergence study is performed to show that element quality is maintained as the structural mesh is refined. The algorithm is available as part of the open-source aircraft geometry tool suite, GeoMACH.
Effect of State Food Stamp and TANF Policies on Food Stamp Program Participation

This paper uses monthly SIPP data from 1996 through 2003 and state-level policy data to measure the effects of specific food stamp and welfare policies, as well as the minimum wage and EITC, on the food stamp receipt of the low-income population. We find strong evidence that more lenient vehicle exemption policies, longer recertification periods, and expanded categorical eligibility increase food stamp receipt and that the use of biometric technology reduces food stamp receipt. We also find some evidence that more lenient immigrant eligibility rules, simplified reporting, implementation of the EBT program, and outreach spending increase food stamp receipt.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Non-obese Patients

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has quickly become the most common cause of liver disease. Interestingly, a cohort of patients has been identified with NAFLD who are of a normal body mass index. This review focuses on the current understanding of NAFLD among non-obese individuals. Advances in understanding the risk factors for non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its link to visceral adiposity have increased our knowledge of this disease. Also, preliminary data notes an association with alterations in the gut microbiota and the effect of dietary habits on fatty liver disease in the non-obese population. Non-obese NAFLD is a pervasive and likely underdiagnosed entity that seems to have similar risk factors and characteristics to fatty liver disease in the obese population. Still, non-obese NAFLD remains poorly understood.
Variation in post-discharge opioid prescriptions among members of a surgical team

Abstract Background Surgeons play a pivotal role in the opioid epidemic but it is unknown how different members of a surgical team vary in the way they prescribe opioids after surgical episodes. Study design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all inpatient discharges for 5 common surgeries. Total number of tablets and total milligram equivalents (MME) prescribed were calculated and differences in prescription patterns were determined for attending surgeons, surgical residents and advanced practice providers. Using a generalized ordered logistic regression, we examined factors associated with ordering a higher number of tablets or MME. Results The median number of tablets (range) prescribed by rank were attending surgeon 30 (6–72), surgical resident 20 (6–189) and advanced care practitioner 40 (5–1000); p Conclusion There is wide variation in opioid prescription patterns by surgical providers. More studies are needed to clearly define the ideal number of tablets or MMEs to prescribe for common surgical procedures.
Primary aldosteronism: making sense of partial data sets from failed adrenal venous sampling-suppression of adrenal aldosterone production can be used in clinical decision making.

Abstract Background It has been suggested that accurate clinical decisions may be made in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) in the setting of failed cannulation of an adrenal vein, thereby utilizing only data from either right or left adrenal venous sampling (AVS) alone. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed for all patients with PA who underwent successful bilateral AVS. Adrenal vein/inferior vena cava index (AV/IVC index) was calculated by dividing aldosterone/cortisol ratio of the adrenal vein by aldosterone/cortisol ratio in the inferior vena cava, as described in a previously published study. We examined the rates of inappropriate adrenalectomy and failure to recognize unilateral disease when previously published cutoffs are used. Results Inclusion criteria were met in 150 patients; 61 with bilateral and 89 with unilateral disease. AV/IVC index cutoff of ≤0.5 to predict contralateral disease would have not led to any inappropriate adrenalectomies and would have missed 19% of patients with unilateral disease; AV/IVC index cutoff of ≥5.5 to predict ipsilateral unilateral disease would have resulted in inappropriate adrenalectomy in 18% of patients (95% CI 8–34%, P Conclusion The cortisol-corrected adrenal vein/inferior vena cava aldosterone index with a cutoff value of ≤0.5 performed well in identifying patients with contralateral unilateral disease. AV/IVC index of ≥5.5 cannot be used to reliably diagnose ipsilateral unilateral disease because 18% of patients undergoing adrenalectomy based on this cutoff would have bilateral disease.
New applications of spaceborne imaging RADAR-C (SIR-C) data

This paper outlines the development of a new SIR-C processor to replace the original processing system, which is no longer functional. It is important to be able to process raw SIR-C data, because there are several applications for which these data can be used. Two exemplary applications are provided in this paper. First, SIR-C data received with two along-track antennas are used to validate the so-called orthogonal projection algorithm with spaceborne data. Additionally, changes in urban development and infrastructure between the SeaSat and SIR-C missions are analyzed by comparing SAR images of the two radar systems.
Extracellular Keratins: An Update

Four years ago we announced the production of a series of monoclonal antibodies which react with the major epithelial keratins of MCF7 and other breast cancer cell lines (1). One of the antibodies, UCD/PR 10.11, has proven to be an excellent reagent, when used in the immunoperoxidase technique, for the diagnosis of epithelial malignancies (2). UCD/PR 10.11 reacts with CK 8 and 18. It has a superb signal-to-noise ratio in staining almost all simple epithelia and is thought by some to be one of the best diagnostic monoclonal anti-keratin available for immunopathology (3). It is now commercially available through Triton Biosciences, Inc.
Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Proteins Directly from Biological Tissue Sections

Analysis of large biomolecules including proteins has proven challenging using ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging techniques. Here, we have successfully optimized desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to detect intact proteins directly from tissue sections and further integrated DESI-MS to a high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility (FAIMS) device for protein imaging. Optimized DESI-FAIMS-MS parameters were used to image mouse kidney, mouse brain, and human ovarian and breast tissue samples, allowing detection of 11, 16, 14, and 16 proteoforms, respectively. Identification of protein species detected by DESI-MS was performed on-tissue by top-down ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and collision induced dissociation (CID) as well as using tissue extracts by bottom-up CID and top-down UVPD. Our results demonstrate that DESI-MS imaging is suitable for the analysis of the distribution of proteins within biological tissue sections.
Obstetrical Problems Requiring Intensive Care Unit Management

Blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg Diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg Or increase in systolic blood pressure of 30 mm Hg or diastolic of 15 mm Hg from baseline Proteinuria. More than 300 mg in a 24-hour period Urine protein concentration of at least 1g/L in two random urine specimens collected at least 6 hours apart Edema and generalized weight gain of more than 5 lb in a week. These changes must have occurred after the 20th week of gestation.
Silicon-Based Fabrication of Biodegradable Polymer for Controlled Drug-Delivery

Methods to fabricate biodegradable polymer microparticles with well-defined structures could offer significant impact in the field of drug delivery. To create a controlled drug-release system, drugs are usually encapsulated by a biodegradable polymer whose physical properties can be tailored to obtain desired release kinetics. Most of the current approaches to create such drug delivery systems are via emulsion methods, but they have limitations in completely entrapping the drugs inside the particle core and controlling geometry of the polymeric microstructures. Here, we present a new scheme to create microparticles of biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid polymer with a precise control over the particle’s structure. We use microfabrication techniques to create a Silicon micromold and use a heat-pressing process to transfer the mold’s features to the polymer. Our method relies solely on common materials for fabricating electronic chips (e.g. Silicon) and doesn’t require any other special synthetic materials. This method is versatile as it is applicable to many types of polymers, thereby offering a platform technology to create microcapsules with well-defined structures for controlled drug-release systems.
Multiple agents and the heuristic ascription of belief

A method for heuristically generating nested beliefs (what some agent believes that another agent-believes ... about a topic) is described. Such nested beliefs (points of view) are esential to many processes such as discourse processing and reasoning about other agents' reasoning processes. Particular interest is paid to the class of beliefs known as atypical beliefs and to intensional descriptions. The heuristic methods described are emboddied in a program called ViewGen that generates nested viewpoints from a set of beliefs held by the system.
Nurse practitioners' time on nonbillable activities.

Background and purpose During the provision of patient care delivery, all providers, including nurse practitioners (NPs), spend some time in activities that are not reimbursable. Understanding these nonbillable activities is crucial to the economic viability and success of existing and projected practice models. This study explored and compared seven nonbillable activities occurring in the practices of NPs in various settings. Methods Using a nonexperimental, descriptive design, 509 NPs were surveyed about nonbillable activities encountered in daily practice. Binomial regression analyses and incidence rate ratios were used to interpret relationships between each variable and nonbillable time. Conclusions Although not every variable had significance, there were significant differences found in the amount of time spent in certain nonbillable activities depending on workplace setting, number of support staff, and primary care provider role. Implications for practice The uncertainty of health care reform, including reimbursement, provider shortage, and the expanding roles of NPs, requires a closer look at both billable and nonbillable care activities. Understanding how nonbillable time affects work efficiency, costs, and the value of NPs will allow NPs to influence future health care reimbursement policies and delivery care models.
Topical use of tranexamic acid for the management of post-procedural rectal bleeding.

Abstract Tranexamic acid (TXA) is increasingly used in the Emergency Department (ED). While the intravenous form has been extensively studied and used, it's utility in a topical formulation is not as widespread. Its reported use in the ED is mostly for control of epistaxis. We present a case of a 61 year old male with post-procedural rectal bleeding, responsive to topical application of tranexamic acid. This case report demonstrates another novel application of TXA in emergency care.
The Welfare Consequences of Mergers with Endogenous Product Choice

Merger simulations focus on the price changes that result once previously independent competitors set prices jointly and other market participants respond. We consider the incentives for firms to adjust the set of offered products after a merger. Using a model of product choice and pricing, we conduct simulations of equilibrium market outcomes of a merger in a variety of scenarios. Product offering adjustments result in additional effects on profitability and consumer welfare not realized by price responses only, particularly when the merging parties offer relatively similar products pre‐merger. Cost synergies may furthermore entail the pro‐competitive introduction of additional products.
Bounded Choice, Human Freedom and Problem-Solving

Bounded Choice, Human Freedom and Problem Solving, emphasizes choice and context. Choice is constrained by context and capabilities. Holmes is well positioned in a pragmatist understanding of action and consequences.
Online Voltage Stability Monitoring and Control Using Limited Synchrophasor Measurements

As the scale and complexity of an interconnected power grid has increased significantly, power systems can be operated close to the verge of voltage instability. With the application of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), dispatchers are able to monitor long term voltage stability in a real time operational environment. This research addresses the critical issues by proposing three different methods. Voltage Stability Assessment Index (VSAI) is a Thevenin Equivalent (TE) based method considering voltage dynamic mechanisms. To extend the model from one load bus to a critical load center, Optimal Power Flow-Loading limit (OPF-LI) is developed to assess the voltage stability margin. To utilize limited available PMU measurements, State Calculator (SC) is included in the algorithm to approximate the dynamic states at the buses where PMU measurements are not available. The online voltage regulating method in terms of On-load Tap Changer (OLTC) control is also investigated. The methods proposed in this research have been validated with the test cases from the WECC 179 bus system.
Motor Cortical Thickness is Related to Effort-Based Decision-Making in Humans.

Although motor cortex is integral in driving physical exertion, how its inherent properties influence decisions to exert is unknown. In this study, we examined how anatomical properties of motor cortex are related to participants' subjective valuations of effort and their decisions to exert effort. We used computational modeling to characterize participants' subjective valuation of physical effort during an effort-based decision-making task in which they made choices about exerting different levels of hand-grip exertion. We also acquired structural MRI data from these participants and extracted anatomical measures of each individual's hand knob, the region of motor cortex recruited during hand-grip exertion. We found that individual participants' cortical thickness of hand knob was associated with their effort-based decisions regarding hand exertion. These data provide evidence that the anatomy of an individual's motor cortex is an important factor in decisions to engage in physical activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY How effortful a task feels is an integral aspect of human decision-making that influences choices to engage in physical activity. We show that properties of motor cortex (the brain region responsible for physical exertion) are related to assessments of effort and decisions to exert. These findings provide a link between the anatomical properties of motor cortex and the cognitive function of effort-based choice.
Enduring Questions in Craft Research

This chapter outlines recent ethnographic research on craft learning, paying particular attention to how the question of perception has been handled as conceptual perspectives have evolved. The first section is devoted to systematic approaches, which focus on the collective activity of workshop communities rather than the mental processes of the individuals within them. The two sections that follow explore more contemporary approaches, which re-center the individual in research through participatory sensory-ethnographic methods. I argue that many of the shortcomings of systems-focused research are resolved by later work that better attends to the experience of the individual learner, but which leaves behind insights from the earlier era about how the objects of perception are constituted by the social structures in which craft practice takes place.
Modeling time-varying selectivity in size-structured assessment models

Abstract Within fisheries assessments, selectivity refers to the relative probability of a fish of a particular size or age being caught. Selectivity, typically modelled using a parametric function, is informed primarily by age- and size-composition data. This function can vary annually, and not accounting for this variation can result in biased estimates of abundance and mortality. Past simulation studies evaluating time-varying selectivity focused on age-structured models with little focus on size-structured models. In addition, the generating function for the size-composition data often mirrored the likelihood function. Unfortunately, this is not realistic and there is a need to determine which likelihood function is most robust. Therefore, this paper addresses two questions using simulation: (a) which is the best method for modeling time-varying selectivity and (b) which is the most robust likelihood function for size-composition data given time-varying selectivity. Both questions are addressed within the context of size-structured assessment methods. The results reveal that discrete time blocking can adequately capture time-varying selectivity. This could reduce the number of estimated parameters and hence the variance of estimated quantities. As for likelihood functions, the results reveal that the three likelihoods considered, multinomial, Dirichlet-multinomial and the multivariate normal, are all valid options. However, our preferred option is the multinomial because it has better estimates for desirable management quantities more often than the others.
Insider Trading and Cryptoassets: The Waters Just Got Muddier

The absence of any clear guidance on when a digital asset is a security is a problem that has ramifications far beyond this article’s limited focus on our insider trading enforcement regime. Nevertheless, I have argued that the impending application of our insider trading laws to crypto-assets helps to illustrate why it is unfair and unjust to force market participants to wait much longer for a definitive answer to the question of when a digital asset is a security. It may be that crypto-assets are too hard to shoehorn into any existing categories and should be recognized as comprised by a whole new asset class, and regulated by an entirely new statutory or self-regulatory authority. Alternatively, existing authorities, such as the SEC, CFTC, and IRS could issue clear rule-based guidance on when a crypto-asset is a security or commodity, and how it should be taxed. For example, the Swiss financial regulator, FINMA, recently issued guidance on when digital assets are securities. In any event, as jurists, regulators, and legislators struggle to propose reforms that will bring greater clarity and precision to our insider trading enforcement regime, its members should not ignore the issues introduced by the emergence of trading in crypto-assets. While I have argued that crypto-assets create new ambiguities for an already vague body of law, I have also suggested that viewing our insider trading regime through the fresh lens of crypto-assets may also help to bring some resolution to debates (e.g., over the scope of misappropriation liability) that have persisted for decades.
Human-in-the-loop program synthesis for live coding

Live Coding is a creative coding practice, where the act of programming itself constitutes a performance. The code written during a Live Coding performance often generates media, for example a continuous stream of music or video. One of the challenges of Live Coding is in finding a balance in the language design, such that the language is both expressive enough for the artist, as well as simple enough to be programmed in real-time. In order to reduce the overhead of manually coding every part of a Live Coding performance, we propose a tool for Live Coding that leverages program synthesis to simplify the process. Program synthesis retains the "show your code" ethos of Live Coding performances, while also lowering the barrier to entry to the performance practice.
The Pathobiology of H7N3 Low and High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses from the United States Outbreak in 2020 Differs between Turkeys and Chickens.

An outbreak caused by H7N3 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) occurred in commercial turkey farms in the states of North Carolina (NC) and South Carolina (SC), United States in March of 2020. Subsequently, H7N3 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was detected on a turkey farm in SC. The infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity of the H7N3 HPAIV and two LPAIV isolates, including one with a deletion in the neuraminidase (NA) protein stalk, were studied in turkeys and chickens. High infectivity [<2 log10 50% bird infectious dose (BID50)] and transmission to birds exposed by direct contact were observed with the HPAIV in turkeys. In contrast, the HPAIV dose to infect chickens was higher than for turkeys (3.7 log10 BID50), and no transmission was observed. Similarly, higher infectivity (<2–2.5 log10 BID50) and transmissibility were observed with the H7N3 LPAIVs in turkeys compared to chickens, which required higher virus doses to become infected (5.4–5.7 log10 BID50). The LPAIV with the NA stalk deletion was more infectious in turkeys but did not have enhanced infectivity in chickens. These results show clear differences in the pathobiology of AIVs in turkeys and chickens and corroborate the high susceptibility of turkeys to both LPAIV and HPAIV infections.
Print culture in early modern France : Abraham Bosse and the purposes of print

1. A printmaking revolution 2. Scenes of everyday life 3. Drama, theater, and prints 4. Contingencies and contradictions 5. A royal portrait 6. Image and text: reading single-sheet prints 7. Book illustrations 8. Books and pamphlets.
Relevance of Student Resources in a Flipped MIS Classroom.

Flipped classrooms are gaining popularity in various educational settings as proponents report several benefits. In order for flipped classrooms to be successful, students must take responsibility for certain assignments outside of class time. In this study, Management Information Systems students were to textbook material by reading the chapter or lecture notes, and/or listening to the audio lecture in preparation for a quiz at the beginning of class. Class time was then used for learning activities. Positive relationships were found between reading the textbook, reading the lecture notes, and time spent preparing for the quiz and the dependent variable, quiz grade. Discussion of results, limitations, and suggestions for future research are also included.
Semantic quantization of 3D human motion capture data through spatial-temporal feature extraction

3D motion capture is a form of multimedia data that is widely used in animation and medical fields (such as physical medicine and rehabilitation where body joint analysis is needed). These applications typically create large repositories of motion capture data and need efficient and accurate content-based retrieval techniques. 3D motion capture data is in the form of multi-dimensional time series data. To reduce the dimensions of human motion data while maintaining semantically important features, we quantize human motion data by extracting Spatial-Temporal Features through SVD and translate them onto a 1- dimensional sequential representation through our proposed sGMMEM (semantic Gaussian Mixture Modeling with EM). Thus, we achieve good classification accuracies for primitive human motion categories (walking 92.85%,run 91.42%,jump 94.11%) and even for subtle categories (dance 89.47%,laugh 83.33%,basketball signal 85.71%,golf putting 80.00%).
Using coupled lines to produce highly efficient square pulses for VF-TLP

A directional coupler can produce a z-matched square pulse, if a voltage step with overshoot of the correct magnitude and timing is used. Using an augmented transmission line to produce the overshoot, and strong coupling in the coupler, square pulses with high volts per charging volt and high return loss are demonstrated.
Single Fiber Optical Coherence Tomography Microsurgical Instruments for Computer and Robot-Assisted Retinal Surgery

We present initial prototype and preliminary experimental demonstration of a new class of microsurgical instruments that incorporate common path optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) capabilities. These instruments may be used freehand or with robotic assistance. We describe a prototype 25 gauge microsurgical pick incorporating a single 125 (m diameter optical fiber interfaced to a Fourier Domain CP-OCT system developed in our laboratory. For initial experimentation, we have interfaced this instrument with an extremely precise, cooperatively controlled robot. We describe the tool, system design, and demonstration of three control methods on simple phantom models: 1) enforce ment of safety constraints preventing unintentional collisions of the instrument with the retinal surface; 2) the ability to scan the probe across a surface while maintaining a constant distance offset; and 3) the ability to place the pick over a subsurface target identified in a scan and then penetrate the surface to hit the target.
Transfer reactions involving boron

Abstract The kinetics of the Lewis acid-catalyzed dealkoxyboronation of esters of trans-2-exthoxycyclohexaneboronic acid in a variety of donor solvents and with a variety of Lewis acids have been studied. It is concluded that the dealkoxyboronation reaction proceeds via a concerted anti elimination transition state in which probably two molecules of the donor solvent are intimetely associated with the incipient boronium ion.
Squyres Receives 2012 Whipple Award: Response

I started down this road a long time ago, and I've had the good fortune to be guided by many people along the way. Joe Veverka was my advisor in grad school, and he taught me both how to do science and, by his example, how to be a generous mentor and colleague. Joe was last year's recipient of the Whipple Award, and in a lovely twist, Joe's advisor when he was in grad school was none other than Fred Whipple himself. So I dedicate this to my academic father and my academic grandfather.
Evaporation in the young solar nebula as the origin of 'just-right' melting of chondrules

Chondrules1,2,3,4,5 are millimetre-sized, solidified melt spherules formed in the solar nebula by an early widespread heating event of uncertain nature6,7,8. They were accreted into chondritic asteroids, which formed about 4.56 billion years ago and have not experienced melting or differentiation since that time. Chondrules have diverse chemical compositions, corresponding to liquidus temperatures1,4,9 in the range 1,350–1,800 °C. Most chondrules, however, show porphyritic textures (consisting of large crystals in a distinctly finer grained or glassy matrix), indicative of melting within the narrow range 0–50 °C below the liquidus9,10. This suggests an unusual heating mechanism for chondrule precursors, which would raise each individual chondrule to just the right temperature (particular to individual bulk composition) in order to form porphyritic textures. Here we report the results of isothermal melting of a chondritic composition at nebular pressures. Our results suggest that evaporation stabilizes porphyritic textures over a wider range of temperatures below the liquidus (about 200 °C) than previously believed, thus removing the need for individual chondrule temperature buffering. In addition, we show that evaporation explains many chondrule bulk and mineral compositions that have hitherto been difficult to understand.
Scholte wave generation during single tracking location shear wave elasticity imaging of engineered tissues

The physical environment of engineered tissues can influence cellular functions that are important for tissue regeneration. Thus, there is a critical need for noninvasive technologies capable of monitoring mechanical properties of engineered tissues during fabrication and development. This work investigates the feasibility of using single tracking location shear wave elasticity imaging (STL-SWEI) for quantifying the shear moduli of tissue-mimicking phantoms and engineered tissues in tissue engineering environments. Scholte surface waves were observed when STL-SWEI was performed through a fluid standoff, and confounded shear moduli estimates leading to an underestimation of moduli in regions near the fluid-tissue interface.
Early Caulobacter crescentus genes fliL and fliM are required for flagellar gene expression and normal cell division.

Abstract The biogenesis of the Caulobacter crescentus polar flagellum requires the expression of more than 48 genes, which are organized in a regulatory hierarchy. The flbO locus is near the top of the hierarchy, and consequently strains with mutations in this locus are nonmotile and lack the flagellar basal body complex. In addition to the motility phenotype, mutations in this locus also cause abnormal cell division. Complementing clones restore both motility and normal cell division. Sequence analysis of a complementing subclone revealed that this locus encodes at least two proteins that are homologs of the Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli flagellar proteins FliL and FliM. FliM is thought to be a switch protein and to interface with the flagellum motor. The C. crescentus fliL and fliM genes form an operon that is expressed early in the cell cycle. Tn5 insertions in the fliM gene prevent the transcription of class II and class III flagellar genes, which are lower in the regulatory hierarchy. The start site of the fliLM operon lies 166 bp from the divergently transcribed flaCBD operon that encodes several basal body genes. Sequence comparison of the fliL transcription start site with those of other class I genes, flaS and flaO, revealed a highly conserved 29-bp sequence in a potential promoter region that differs from sigma 70, sigma 54, sigma 32, and sigma 28 promoter sequences, suggesting that at least three class I genes share a unique 5' regulatory region.
Management of anterior chamber dislocation of dexamethasone implant.

Purpose: To report dislocation of dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®) into the anterior chamber and to discuss intervention options.Design: Interventional case report.Methods: An 89-year-old woman presented after Ozurdex® implant injection for chronic cystoid macular edema secondary to idiopathic intermediate uveitis. The dexamethasone implant dislocated into the anterior chamber. Pharmacologic dilation was administered and the patient was placed in a reclined supine position.Results: Successful repositioning of the implant into the vitreous cavity.Conclusions: Although it is a rare complication, anterior dislocation of a dexamethasone implant may have serious consequences. Early recognition and appropriate management is advisable.
Fatty acid synthesis tips the TH17-Treg cell balance.

A recent study reports that de novo fatty acid synthesis is important for differentiation of T helper 17 (TH17) cells. Suppression of this pathway through inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) with soraphen A prevents TH17 cell differentiation and consequently enforces a regulatory T cell phenotype.
Managed care for workers' compensation: three years of experience in an "employee choice" state.

Managed care techniques are becoming increasingly available to manage the medical and indemnity losses associated with injuries paid for under the workers' compensation system. The authors describe 3 years' experience of identifying and abating workplace hazards and medically managing cases utilizing a preferred provider organization established solely for workers' compensation cases. In the model described, the occupational physician/nurse case-management team coordinates the entire process, from prevention of accidents to facilitated return to work. During the study period (1992 to 1995), per-capita losses were reduced by 23%, from $241 in fiscal year 1992 (the year before the managed care initiative), to $185 in fiscal year 1995. (Hereafter, each year referred to indicates that fiscal year.) In 1992, 22 lost-time cases per 1000 employees occurred, whereas the number of lost-time cases in the years 1993 to 1995 averaged 12 to 14 per 1000 employees. The rate of "medical only" cases dropped significantly from 155 per 1000 in 1992 to 96 per 1000 in 1995. The per-capita amount of monies spent on medical care decreased from $81 in 1992 to $63 in 1995. The most significant savings in medical costs related to claims associated with new occupational injuries, injuries that occurred during the fiscal year. In 1992, the per-capita loss on such cases was $23 and in 1995 it was $13, a 43% decrease. The number of temporary/total days dropped significantly from 163 per 100 employees in 1992 to 70 days in 1995. Concurrently, the per-capita loss for temporary total disability was reduced from $53 in 1992 to $26 in 1995. Per-capita administrative costs, as well as other indemnity losses (predominately permanent partial disability), decreased only slightly over the study period ($58 to $54 and $60 to $51, respectively). We feel that these results indicate that environmental-risk management and medical-care management can be integrated to produce substantial savings. It also suggests that managed-care techniques, which are becoming more available to employers, can even be applied in states that do not have managed care legislation.
An extension of statistical mechanics to the description of a broad class of macroscopic systems

Die statistische ≪thermodynamische≫ Beschreibung einer Gruppe von neuen Systemen wird entwickelt. Drei Bedingungen beschreiben die Gruppe: 1. Jedes System hat eine bekannte Bevolkerung. 2. Die Elemente des Systems haben eine einzige wichtige willkurlich verteilte Eigenschaft und eines der Momente dieser Verteilung ist bekannt. 3. Die Entartung der verteilten Eigenschaft ist proportional zu einer einfachen Potenz dieser Eigenschaft. Das Maxwell-Boltzmannsche ideale Gas ist ein Sonderfall dieser Gruppe. Die thermodynamische Beschreibung der Gruppe der Systeme umfasst die Verteilungsfunktion, eine fundamentale Gleichung und Zustandsgleichungen. Zwei typische Anwendungen (eine des Regenflusses, und eine der Verteilung des Einkommens) werden beschrieben.
A FUNCTIONAL HAPLOTYPE IN EIF2AK3, AN ER STRESS SENSOR, IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER BONE MINERAL DENSITY

EIF2AK3 is a type I transmembrane protein that functions as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor to regulate global protein synthesis. Rare mutations in EIF2AK3 cause Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (OMIM 226980), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diabetes, epiphyseal dysplasia, osteoporosis, and growth retardation. To investigate the role of common genetic variation in EIF2AK3 as a determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis, we sequenced all exons and flanking regions, then genotyped six potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene in 997 Amish subjects for association analysis, and attempted replication in 887 Mexican Americans. We found that the minor allele of a nonsynonymous SNP rs13045 had borderline associations with decreased forearm BMD in both discovery and replication cohorts (unadjusted p = 0.036 and β = -0.007 for the Amish; unadjusted p = 0.031 and β = -0.008 for Mexican Americans). A meta-analysis indicated this association achieved statistical significance in the combined sample (unadjusted p = 0.003; Bonferroni corrected p = 0.009). Rs13045 and three other potentially functional SNPs, a promoter SNP (rs6547787) and two nonsynonymous SNPs (rs867529 and rs1805165), formed two haplotypes: a low-BMD associated haplotype, denoted haplotype B [minor allele frequency (MAF) = 0.311] and a common haplotype A (MAF = 0.676). There were no differences in mRNA expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines between the two haplotypes. However, after treating lymphoblastoid cell lines with thapsigargin to induce ER stress, cell lines with haplotype B showed increased sensitivity to ER stress (p = 0.014) compared with cell lines with haplotype A. Taken together, our results suggest that common nonsynonymous sequence variants in EIF2AK3 have a modest effect on ER stress response and may contribute to the risk for low BMD through this mechanism.
Range Inclusion and Operator Equations

Abstract LetAandDbe positive operators on a complex Hilbert spaceH. In this work we show that the operator equationlDX+X*A=A(l>0) has a unique solutionClsatisfying certain conditions, if there exists a positive operatorBsuch thatAB+(D−B)A≥0. This implies several previously known results in special cases on this class of operator equations. Also, along with some definitions, a counterexample to a previous conjecture will be given.