cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Method for improved accuracy in endogenous urea recovery marker calibrations for microdialysis in tumors.

Abstract Introduction Urea has been proposed as an endogenous recovery marker for microdialysis for absolute concentration calculations of analytes in microdialysis samples. Previously we demonstrated a linear relationship between urea concentrations in a rat mammary carcinoma and that in plasma, validating its use as a recovery marker for that particular tumor. In this paper, we have extended the validation to two other tumor lines, thereby providing confidence that the calibration is constant across tumor types. To improve the accuracy in the determination of the plasma/tumor urea relationship from no net flux calibrations, we extended the range of the calibration by adding exogenous urea to tumor bearing animals. This method enabled more accurate calculations of absolute recovery from plasma and dialysate urea concentrations. We confirm that by using this method the calibration is valid across three different tumor lines. The existence of a common calibration between tumors provides rationale for using plasma urea as a recovery marker for clinical trials. The existence of a common calibration between tumor types bypasses the need to perform time consuming calibrations for each patient. This makes the procedure much more practical for clinical studies. Methods The no net flux technique was used to determine the plasma vs. tumor urea relationship for the R3230Ac mammary carcinoma, 9 L glioma, and a fibrosarcoma (FSa), grown in Fischer 344 rats. Plasma urea was stably increased beyond the normally occurring concentration for some of the data points by subcutaneous bolus administration to extend the range of data for the no net flux calibration. Results Urea recovery was unaffected by plasma urea concentration and was consistent with other reported values. The relationship between plasma and tumor urea was fit by a line, and linear regressions of the data with the extended plasma urea range had better R 2 values than we reported previously. Statistical comparison of the regressions suggests that within reasonable uncertainty limits, they are the same for the different tumor types. Discussion Increasing the plasma urea concentration range for no net flux calibrations of urea as an endogenous recovery marker in tumors resulted in more accurate determination of the plasma/tumor urea relationship. A single linear regression may describe the relationship between plasma and tumor urea concentration across tumor lines for a given set of microdialysis parameters.
IDENTIFICATION OF STROMAL CELL PRODUCTS THAT INTERACT WITH PRE-B CELLS

Our understanding of lympho-hematopoietic microenvironments is incomplete, and a new cloning strategy was developed to identify molecules that bind to B lineage lymphocyte precursors. A cell sorting procedure was used for initial enrichment of cDNAs from stromal cell mRNA that contained signal sequences and were therefore likely to encode transmembrane or secreted proteins. A second step involved expression of the library as soluble Ig fusion proteins. Finally, pools representing these proteins were screened for the ability to recognize pre-B cells. This approach resulted in the cloning of biglycan, syndecan 4, collagen type I, clusterin, matrix glycoprotein sc1, osteonectin, and one unknown molecule (designated SIM). The full-length cDNA of SIM revealed that it is a type I transmembrane protein, and its intracellular domain has weak homology with myosin heavy chain and related proteins. Staining of established cell lines and freshly isolated hematopoietic cells with the Ig fusion proteins revealed distinct patterns of reactivity and differential dependence on divalent cations. Biglycan-, sc1-, and SIM-Ig fusion proteins selectively increased interleukin 7-dependent proliferation of pre-B cells. Overexpression of the entire SIM protein affected the morphology of 293T cells, while expression of just the extracellular portion was without effect. Thus, a series of stromal cell surface molecules has been identified that interact with blood cell precursors. Three of them promoted the survival and/or proliferation of pre-B cells in culture, and all merit further study in relation to lympho-hematopoiesis.
A Comparison of 2-CUSUM Stopping Rules for Quickest Detection of Two-Sided Alternatives in a Brownian Motion Model

Abstract This work compares the performance of all existing 2-CUSUM stopping rules used in the problem of sequential detection of a change in the drift of a Brownian motion in the case of two-sided alternatives. As a performance measure, an extended Lorden criterion is used. According to this criterion, the optimal stopping rule is an equalizer rule. This paper compares the performance of the modified drift harmonic mean 2-CUSUM equalizer rules with the performance of the best classical 2-CUSUM equalizer rule whose threshold parameters are chosen so that equalization is achieved. This comparison is made possible through the derivation of a closed-form formula for the expected value of a general classical 2-CUSUM stopping rule.
THE SPECIFICITY OF THYROXINE BINDING BY SERUM ALPHA GLOBULIN1

CIRCULATING thyroxine associates with a specific alpha globulin which has an electrophoretic mobility at pH 8.6 intermediate between alpha-2 and alpha-1 (Larson, Deiss, and Albright, 1952; Winzler and Notrica, 1952; Robbins and Rail, 1952; Horst and Rosier, 1953; Larson, Deiss, and Albright, 1954). This selective binding can be demonstrated in vitro by adding I131-labelled thyroxine to serum provided the maximal binding capacity of the protein is not exceeded (Robbins, Rail, and Petermann, 1954, Albright, Larson, and Deiss, 1954). Triiodothyronine is also bound by this protein but there is evidence that this bond is somewhat weaker (Deiss, Albright, and Larson, 1953). This observation led to the examination of other analogues of thyroxine in an effort to determine the specificity of thyroxine binding by serum alpha globulin. MATERIAL AND METHODS The technic employed was the measurement of the extent of removal of a quantity of labelled l-thyroxine from its binding site b}r equal and excess quantities of t...
Pilot-tone based ZP-OFDM Demodulation for an Underwater Acoustic Channel

Existing coherent underwater acoustic communication systems rely on single carrier transmission and adaptive decision feedback equalization to deal with time-varying and highly dispersive underwater acoustic (UWA) channels. Equalization complexity prevents any substantial rate improvement with the existing single-carrier approach, as the channel frequency selectivity increases considerably when the symbol rate increases. Multicarrier modulation in the form of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), on the other hand, converts a frequency selective channel into a set of parallel frequency-flat subchannels, thus greatly simplifying receiver equalization. Motivated by the success of OFDM in radio channels, we investigate its use for underwater acoustic channels. In this paper, we develop a pilot-tone based receiver design for zero-padded OFDM transmissions, and test it in a real underwater acoustic channel. Our proposed receiver performs carrier frequency offset compensation, channel estimation, and data demodulation on the basis of individual OFDM block. This approach is appealing to applications with short data bursts, or fast varying channels, as it does not rely on channel dependence across OFDM blocks.
Overactive Action Monitoring in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence From Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been found to be hyperactive at rest, during symptom provocation, and after commission of errors in cognitive tasks. This hyperactivity might reflect an abnormality in conflict detection, a hypothesized basic mechanism for the action-monitoring function of the ACC. This hypothesis was tested using functional magnetic resonance imaging, by scanning 11 OCD patients and 13 matched control subjects while they performed a version of the continuous-performance task with four trial types that induced graded levels of response conflict. Although a behavioral index of conflict (i.e., accuracy) was similar for patients and control subjects, the ACC activation was increased in patients during high-conflict trials. The error-related activity in the same brain region was also higher in patients, consistent with previous electrophysiological findings. Both conflict- and error-related activity showed trends for positive correlations with severity of OCD symptoms, but not with anxiety. These findings suggest that as part of an overactive action-monitoring system, the ACC is more directly involved in the pathophysiology of OCD than previously thought.
Sequences of Passively Stable Dynamic Equilibria for Hybrid Control of Reconfigurable Spacecraft

This paper proposes a novel hybrid-control strategy to reconfigure modular spacecraft. This strategy utilizes passively stable system dynamics, which have the benefits of low control effort and a high degree of robustness. This approach treats reconfigurable spacecraft systems according to the theory of multibody kinematic mechanisms. It employs ambient force fields in the space environment (gravity gradient, magnetism, etc.), along with passively generated, non-contacting force fields on the spacecraft (such as those from permanent magnets), to drive the reconfiguration maneuver. The control strategy for reconfiguration in this paradigm consists of a selection of body incidences, joint Jacobians, and applied force fields that cause the multibody spacecraft system to evolve through passive dynamics to a new configuration. Many of these passive dynamical evolutions, chained together in stepwise fashion, allow the system to reach many possible desired configurations. All possible equilibrium configurations can be computed offline and uploaded to the spacecraft in a graph structure. The use of kinematic constraints and passive dynamics adds robustness to the system, while the stepwise nature of the reconfiguration maneuver provides many safe-hold points for verification regardless of transient dynamics.
Chaos and population control of insect outbreaks

We used small perturbations in adult numbers to control large fluctuations in the chaotic demographic dynamics of laboratory populations of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. A nonlinear mathematical model was used to identify a sensitive region of phase space where the addition of a few adult insects would result in a dampening of the life stage fluctuations. Three experimental treatments were applied: one in which perturbations were made whenever the populations were inside the sensitive region (“in-box treatment”), another where perturbations were made whenever the populations were outside the sensitive region (“out-box treatment”), and an unperturbed control. The in-box treatment caused a stabilization of insect densities at numbers well below the peak values exhibited by the out-box and control populations. This study demonstrates how small perturbations can be used to influence the chaotic dynamics of an ecological system.
Online Large-Margin Training of Dependency Parsers

We present an effective training algorithm for linearly-scored dependency parsers that implements online large-margin multi-class training (Crammer and Singer, 2003; Crammer et al., 2003) on top of efficient parsing techniques for dependency trees (Eisner, 1996). The trained parsers achieve a competitive dependency accuracy for both English and Czech with no language specific enhancements.
Global dynamics of microbial competition for two resources with internal storage

We study a chemostat model that describes competition between two species for two essential resources based on storage. The model incorporates internal resource storage variables that serve the direct connection between species growth and external resource availability. Mathematical analysis for the global dynamics of the model is carried out by using the monotone dynamical system theory. It is shown that the limiting system of the model basically exhibits the familiar Lotka-Volterra alternatives: competitive exclusion, coexistence, and bi-stability, and most of these results can be carried over to the original model.
Time resolved photoluminescence studies of Zn–Se–Te nanostructures with sub‐monolayer quantities of Te grown by molecular beam epitaxy

We investigate triple-delta-doped ZnSe:Te samples grown with different Te/Zn flux ratios using timeresolved photoluminescence (TRPL). We show that the properties of the TRPL of both samples are consistent with the presence of quantum islands with a type-II band alignmrnt. Moreover, from the comparison of the PL, we show that higher Te/Zn flux ratio during the growth leads to the formation of larger quantum islands.
Designing a Task-Based Evaluation Methodology for a Spoken Machine Translation System

In this paper, I discuss issues pertinent to the design of a task-based evaluation methodology for a spoken machine translation (MT) system processing human to human communication rather than human to machine communication. I claim that system mediated human to human communication requires new evaluation criteria and metrics based on goal complexity and the speaker's prioritization of goals.
Multi-Element Airfoil Configurations for Wind Turbines

The extremely thick blade root airfoils of the modern megawatt-scale wind turbines are prone to having sharp stall characteristics with associated unsteady aerodynamic blade loading and fatigue. With current technology designs reaching 45% thickness, these thick airfoils are incapable of producing high lift, and as a consequence they are aerodynamically and structurally sub-optimal. A computational study investigated candidate multi-element airfoil configurations that would serve as an aerodynamic fairing for an assumed spar cap geometry based on the DU 00-W-401 blade root airfoil geometry. Seven multi-element airfoil configurations with varying combinations of flaps, slats, and struts were developed and refined using an inviscid multipoint inverse airfoil design method. The airfoil configurations were then analyzed at Reynolds numbers typical of a utility-scale wind turbine. All of these configurations demonstrated the capability to produce significantly higher lift-to-drag ratios and lift coefficients than the baseline DU 00-W-401 airfoil, with Cl=Cd max increases of up to 82%. In addition to this performance increase, some of the configurations demonstrated a significantly gentler fall off in Cl=Cd at angles of attack greater than a Cl=Cd max . In addition to the higher lift-to-drag ratios and lift coefficients, these multi-element configurations are expected to offer better start-up performance due to higher start-up torque and also higher blade efficiency from more closely matched ideal operating conditions.
The effects of Tween-80 on the integrity of solutions of capsaicin: useful information for performing tussigenic challenges.

Because variable results of capsaicin challenges may be due to the incomplete solubility of capsaicin, we sought to determine if the use of Tween-80 in solutions of capsaicin improves actual concentrations of freshly prepared and stored solutions. Capsaicin solutions ranging from 0.5–128 μM were mixed with and without Tween-80. Samples of various concentrations were then stored under 4 environmental conditions: 4°C, protected from light; room temperature, protected from light; room temperature, exposed to light; -20°C. All samples were analyzed initially, and at 2 and 4 months. While freshly prepared solutions with Tween-80 had consistently higher concentrations than those prepared without Tween-80 (83% vs. 69%), Tween-80 does not facilitate complete solubility. For solutions stored at 4°C and protected from light, there was a significant decrease after 2 months in low concentration solutions of both the Tween-80 and non-Tween-80 solutions. Both Tween-80 and non-Tween-80 containing solutions significantly decreased in concentration after 2 months when stored at room temperature and protected from light, room temperature and exposed to light, and -20°C. Concentrations of solutions made of 4 μM or higher are stable when stored at 4°C and protected from light for 4 months. While the inherent difficulty of forcing capsaicin into solution cannot be eliminated, it can be improved with Tween-80. However, the addition of Tween-80 does not prevent the breakdown of stored capsaicin solutions. We recommend preparing and storing capsaicin solutions according to the methods and results of this study.
Citizen-centered health promotion: building collaborations to facilitate healthy living.

Abstract Unhealthy behaviors, notably tobacco use; unhealthy diets; and inadequate physical activity are major contributors to chronic disease in the U.S. and are more prevalent among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Differences in the prevalence of unhealthy behaviors among communities with different physical, social, and economic resources suggest that contextual environmental factors play an important causal role. Yet health promotion interventions often are undertaken in isolation and with inadequate attention to these holistic social and economic influences on lifestyle. For example, clinicians' advice to patients to stop smoking or lose weight can help motivate people to change behaviors, but their ability to take subsequent action can benefit from coordination with community-based and public health programs that offer intensive counseling services, and from modified environmental conditions to facilitate behavior change where people live, work, learn, and play. Reshaping these environmental conditions to support healthier living is the subject of six recommendations from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America. Changing the conditions of daily life to make them conducive to healthy behaviors—what is here called citizen-centered health promotion—requires a concerted effort by clinical, educational, business, civic and governmental partners within communities. Linkages among clinical practices and community-based programs have been demonstrated to be effective, but moving from demonstration projects to sustainable community collaborations nationwide will require a proactive effort to establish the necessary infrastructure and financing.
Comparison and evaluation of three main types of wind turbines

Many different types of wind turbines have been connected to the power systems of the world in recent years, and their primary focus was to design them to be more efficient and reliable. In this paper, three main types of wind turbines are modeled and compared. The performances of these wind turbines during a severe three-phase fault at the end of a transmission line are simulated and their characteristics are analyzed. Finally the operation and maintenance costs of these wind turbines are discussed and proper applications of these wind turbines are pointed out.
Interfacial microfluidic transport on micropatterned superhydrophobic textile

Textile-enabled interfacial microfluidics, utilizing fibrous hydrophilic yarns (e.g., cotton) to guide biological reagent flows, has been extended to various biochemical analyses recently. The restricted capillary-driving mechanism, however, persists as a major challenge for continuous and facilitated biofluidic transport. In this paper, we have first introduced a novel interfacial microfluidic transport principle to drive three-dimensional liquid flows on a micropatterned superhydrophobic textile (MST) platform in a more autonomous and controllable manner. Specifically, the MST system utilizes the surface tension-induced Laplace pressure to facilitate the liquid motion along the hydrophilic yarn, in addition to the capillarity present in the fibrous structure. The fabrication of MST is simply accomplished by stitching hydrophilic cotton yarn into a superhydrophobic fabric substrate (contact angle 140 ± 3°), from which well-controlled wetting patterns are established for interfacial microfluidic operations. The geometric configurations of the stitched micropatterns, e.g., the lengths and diameters of the yarn and bundled arrangement, can all influence the transport process, which is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Two operation modes, discrete and continuous transport, are also presented in detail. In addition, the gravitational effect as well as the droplet removal process have been also considered and quantitatively analysed during the transport process. As a demonstration, an MST design has been implemented on an artificial skin surface to collect and remove sweat in a highly efficient and facilitated means. The results have illustrated that the novel interfacial transport on the textile platform can be potentially extended to a variety of biofluidic collection and removal applications.
The great imitator: malignant syphilis with hepatitis

A 49-year-old Caucasian man presented with a generalized pruritic eruption of 1-week duration. When seen in early June 1999, he had developed red macules, papules (some with a collarette of scale), plaques, nodules covered with eschars, punched-out ulcers, and other ulcerations covered with an ecthymatous crust on the face, trunk, genitals, thighs, arms, and palms. (Figs 1, 2, 3) The mucous membranes were clear, and there was no adenopathy. The patient is a homosexual who is HIV-positive but had no AIDS-defining illnesses. His total lymphocyte count was 732/mm and a CD4 count of 173/mm. For the past month he had had chills, fever (38.8–39.4°C), weakness, loss of appetite, and diarrhea resulting in a 12-pound weight loss. One week before being seen, with the eruption’s being sparse, he had undergone a computed tomographic scan that had shown an enlarged liver. Results of laboratory tests including hematocrit, white blood cell count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time were normal. Urinalysis except for a trace of protein was negative. Aspartate aminotransferase was reported as 89, (normal, 15–46 U/L); alkaline phosphatase, 262 (normal, 39–117 U/L); and total bilirubin, 0.6 (normal, 0.2–1.2 mg/dL). A test for hepatitis C antibody was negative. A liver biopsy sample was reported as portal inflammation; no fibrosis was identified, with an occasional eosinophil noted, suggestive of a drug reaction. His medications included zidovudine, which he had taken for 8 years; nelfinavir, zalcitabine, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole for 3 years; and valacyclovir for herpes zoster for 1 year. Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole had been recently discontinued and replaced with clarithromycin owing to the liver problem. The provisional differential diagnoses included drug eruption, cutaneous lymphoma, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, and deep fungal infection.
Social Construction of Authorized Users in the Digital Age

This paper analyzes changes to the definitions of “authorized users” contained in electronic resources licenses and embedded in access control technologies from the mid-1990s to the present. In analyzing changes to the license and technology-based definitions, it tracks shifts in major stakeholders’ perceptions of authorized users and describes developments in licensing and access control technologies. The paper demonstrates that the concept of authorized users has been shaped by a mix of social and technical elements, including changes to information providers’ and libraries’ business models and missions, shifts in norms for license terms, and development of technological tools used to facilitate or constrain access.
OWeB: A Framework for Offline Web Browsing

Internet browsing is highly dependent on the real-time network availability and speed. This becomes a significant constraint when browsing over slow and intermittent networks. In this paper, we describe a readily deployable system designed for Web browsing over slow, intermittent networks - OWeB, that is minimally dependent on the real-time network availability and requires no changes on the part of the Web servers. The system subscribes to really simple syndication (RSS) feeds from Web servers and pre-fetches all new content as specified in the feed. Since the RSS feeds are published by Web servers they give accurate information about the new and updated content. Efficiency of network usage is achieved by employing standard techniques to handle intermittent networks, and near-complete utilization of all downloaded content results in better resilience in case of interrupted data downloads. We observed a co-relation between the items in an RSS feed and the homepage of the corresponding Web site (i.e.) the feed items essentially define the content section of the homepage. As part of OWeB, we developed an algorithm for automatically extracting the template of home pages and then locally stitching the feed items into the template. This results in Web sites being up-to-date and fully available offline and bandwidth savings, as we only need to download the RSS feed to construct the homepage
A new model to account for track overlap in CR-39 data

Abstract The solid-state nuclear track detector CR-39 is widely used as a detecting mechanism in physics experiments as well as for industrial purposes such as neutron dosimetry and radon detection. The upper limit of detectable charged-particle fluence on CR-39 is set by physical overlapping or ‘pulse pileup’ of particle tracks on the surface. In the low-overlap regime the overlapping fraction of tracks scales as χ ≡ η × ( π D ¯ 2 ) where η is the density of tracks and D ¯ is the average track diameter. We report on the development of a Monte Carlo simulation to predict the severity of track overlap for any fluence of an arbitrary diameter distribution of tracks. Furthermore, we present an algorithm to correct for particle-track overlap in a post hoc manner based on these Monte Carlo simulations, which can extend the upper fluence limit for a quasi-monoenergic source by a factor of 3–4 when counting accuracies ∼ 10 % are acceptable.
Analyses of Inhomogeneities in Radiosonde Temperature and Humidity Time Series

Abstract Twice daily radiosonde data from selected stations in the United States (period 1948 to 1990) and China (period 1958 to 1990) were sorted into time series. These stations have one sounding taken in darkness and the other in sunlight. The analysis shows that the 0000 and 1200 UTC time series are highly correlated. Therefore, the Easterling and Peterson technique was tested on the 0000 and 1200 time series to detect inhomogeneities and to estimate the size of the biases. Discontinuities were detected using the difference series created from the 0000 and 1200 UTC time series. To establish that the detected bias was significant, a t test was performed to confirm that the change occurs in the daytime series but not in the nighttime series. Both U.S. and Chinese radiosonde temperature and humidity data include inhomogeneities caused by changes in radiosonde sensors and observation times. The U.S. humidity data have inhomogeneities that were caused by instrument changes and the censoring of data. The pr...
Supplementary Eye Field: Representation of Saccades and Relationship Between Neural Response Fields and Elicited Eye Movements

The functional organization of the low-threshold supplementary eye field (SEF) was studied by analyzing presaccadic activity, electrically elicited saccades, and the relationship between them. Resp...
Décision médicale partagée en psychiatrie : intérêt des méthodologies mixtes et qualitatives

La decision medicale partagee (DMP) s’impose depuis environ dix ans dans les publications en sante mentale. Si ce concept est presente comme un imperatif ethique aux Etats-Unis par certains praticiens pionniers des pratiques orientes vers le retablissement, sa mise en œuvre continue neanmoins a susciter nombre d’interrogations. La DMP constitue en effet un bouleversement de la relation medecin–malade, dans la mesure ou elle donne une place equivalente aux informations apportees par le patient et a celles apportees par le medecin. Ceci est d’autant plus fort en psychiatrie, ou les pathologies traitees sont traditionnellement associees a une alteration de la capacite de jugement. Sa mise en place impose donc une revision de la position du praticien et une prise de distance par rapport a son propre savoir. Une revue de la litterature a propos de la decision medicale partagee en sante mentale permet de cerner l’ensemble des questions posees par l’emergence de ce concept. Deux types de methodologies sont utilisees, qualitatives et quantitatives. Les principaux champs d’etudes abordes sont : – l’efficacite de la DMP en termes d’observance ; – les facteurs influencant son usage ; – son interet pour le patient et le medecin ; – la mise en œuvre concrete ; – l’elaboration des outils d’aide a la decision. L’ensemble de ces etudes revelent la difference de perception entre medecin et malade en termes de perception de l’elaboration des decisions, et egalement le souhait, pour beaucoup de patients d’etre impliques dans les decisions les concernant. Toutefois, ce souhait est inegalement reparti, et un certain nombre de patient ne souhaite pas etre associe aux decisions prises. Savoir s’adresser a chacun en fonction de son souhait constitue ainsi une etape incontournable de la mise en place de la decision medicale partagee, et savoir quoi faire des patients ne souhaitant pas une participation active constitue ainsi l’un des enjeux de sa mise en place.
Explanation of the Perihelion Motion of Mercury in Terms of a Velocity-Dependent Correction to Newton's Law of Gravitation

The first success of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity was to account for the anomalous precession of the perihelion of Mercury. This solution required time and space to be “robbed of the last trace of objective reality.” Here I show that it is possible to interpret Einstein’s relativistic correction for describing the precession of the perihelion of Mercury in terms of a gravitational force obeying Newton’s law of gravitation corrected with a tangential-velocitydependent term and operating through Euclidean space and Newtonian time.
Causation and Tort Liability

We say that a person's act caused harm if the harm would not have occurred had the person not committed the act. This meaning of causation (sometimes called causation in fact or "but for" causation) along with notions of "proximate causation" are considered in this encyclopedia entry. It is a basic characteristic of tort law that liability is not imposed unless the defendant caused harm in a relevant sense. The chief question addressed here is how this feature of tort law advances the social, instrumental ends of the legal system.
Freezing of gait after a hemorrhagic stroke can respond to venlafaxine and rivastigmine

Whereas frontal leukoaraiosis is associated with gait disorders,1,2 stroke rarely causes freezing of gait (FOG).1 When present, poststroke FOG is usually refractory to medications. We describe successful treatment of FOG developing after a hemorrhage with venlafaxine and rivastigmine.
A Probe into Theories on the Protection of Non-material Cultural Heritages

China is now undergoing transition from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization,during which drastic changes have been witnessed in the living conditions and cultural ambience in that lots of traditional craftsmanship is in danger of extinction while the non-material cultural heritages have not been duly protected according to law.It remains a problem how protoart can survive or proceed on or whether it can preserve its primeval state if art is divoiced from its specific ambience.In order to rejuvenate or restore the endangered non-material culture,we must proetct the inheritors,particularly the art spirit of those inheritors.Moreover,efforts must be made to enable performers to experience the art spirit and to live in the context of protoecology.
DABA Fluorescence Assay for Submicrogram Amounts of DNA

The fluorescence assay of Kissane and Robins (1) is used to quantify deoxypurine nucleosides in crude mixtures. Acid-catalyzed depurination exposes the 1' and 2' carbons of deoxyribose, which can then form a strongly fluorescent compound with diaminobenzoic acid (DABA). DABA can react with all aldehydes of the form RCH(2)CHO, but deoxyribose is the predominant one in mammalian cells and essentially the only one in the acid or alcohol precipitates of aqueous extracts. Hence, no purification is required and RNA does not interfere. In our hands, the method is useful down to 30 ng of DNA, and probably could be made more sensitive, as discussed below. The method requires a visible-light fluorometer; the excitation wavelength is near 410 nm, with maximum fluorescence near 510 nm (2).
Spontaneous lumbar hernia. A case report.

Hernias through the posterior abdominal wall are called lumbar hernias. These hernias can occur spontaneously, after surgery, or after an injury, and they can cause acute or chronic low-back pain. Their prevalence is not known. In the orthopaedic literature, lumbar hernia has been reported after the harvesting of a bone graft from the posterior iliac crest1-5, but we found no reports of spontaneous lumbar hernia. In addition, we found only a single article in the Japanese-language literature, and none in the English-language literature, on the appearance of a lumbar hernia on a magnetic resonance image6. Lumbar hernias can occur anywhere within the boundaries of the posterior abdominal wall; however, two areas within this region consist of only fascia, and it is in these two areas that most lumbar hernias occur. The superior lumbar space is triangular and is bounded by the twelfth rib superiorly, the erector spinae muscle medially, and the internal oblique muscle laterally. The latissimus dorsi muscle may cover the superior lumbar space but does not provide support for it. The inferior lumbar space is also triangular and is bounded by the latissimus dorsi muscle medially, the external oblique muscle laterally, and the iliac crest inferiorly. Thorek reviewed the prior medical observations and descriptions of lumbar hernia7. He stated that in 1733, Petit reported on a patient who had a lumbar hernia, for which he described the anatomic boundaries. This hernia was in the inferior lumbar space. Since then, a hernia through this …
Tunable Laser Applications

Introduction F. J. Duarte Spectroscopic Applications of Tunable Optical Parametric Oscillators B. J. Orr, R. T. White, and Y. He Solid-State Dye Lasers Costela, I. Garcia-Moreno, and R. Sastre Tunable Lasers Based on Dye-Doped Polymer Gain Media Incorporating Homogeneous Distributions of Functional Nanoparticles F. J. Duarte and R. O. James Broadly Tunable External-Cavity Semiconductor Lasers F. J. Duarte Tunable Fiber Lasers T. M. Shay and F. J. Duarte Fiber Laser Overview and Medical Applications S. Popov Medical Applications of Dye Lasers Costela, I. Garcia-Moreno, and R. Sastre Biological Microscopy with Ultrashort Pulses J. L. Thomas and W. Rudolph Tunable, Monochromatic X-Rays: Medical and Non-Medical Applications F. E. Carroll Lithium Spectroscopy Using Tunable Diode Lasers E. Olivares Interferometric Imaging F. J. Duarte Multiple-Prism Arrays and Multiple-Prism Beam Expanders: Laser Optics and Scientific Applications F. J. Duarte Coherent Electrically-Excited Organic Semiconductors F. J. Duarte Appendix on Optical Quantities and Conversions of Units F. J. Duarte
Investigation of PET/MRI image fusion schemes for enhanced breast cancer diagnosis

The benefit of registration and fusion of functional images with anatomical images is well appreciated in the advent of PET/CT. There is an increasing interest in expanding this approach to PET/MRI. The focus of much of the related research has been on registering images from different modalities. However, the importance of appropriately jointly displaying (i.e. fusing) the registered images has often been neglected and underestimated. Our aim is to determine which fusion techniques are most useful for enhanced diagnostic performance, ease of use, efficiency, and accuracy for reading registered MRI and PET breast images. Preliminary results indicate that the radiologists were better able to perform a series of tasks when reading the fused PET/MRI data sets using color tables generated by our new genetic algorithm, as compared to commonly used fire/gray or red/gray schemes.
Electrostatically Active Polymer Hybrid Aerogels for Airborne Nanoparticle Filtration

The role of electrostatic force on separation of airborne nanoparticles is evaluated in this work by considering a hybrid monolithic aerogel of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The sPS part accounts for open pore structures in the monolith, while the PVDF chains contribute spontaneous polarity for particle capture by the electrostatic force. The hybrid aerogels are fabricated by thermoreversible gelation of sPS from a solution with PVDF in tetrahydrofuran followed by supercritical drying of the gel. sPS is present as the δ-form clathrate crystalline phase and PVDF as α- and γ-form crystalline phases in the hybrid. The presence of PVDF induces significant static charges on the surfaces of hybrid aerogels. The filtration efficiency is determined by passing airborne NaCl nanoparticles with diameter in the range 25–150 nm through the filter media. The experimental data reveal that air permeability of the hybrid system (∼10–10 m2) is close to that of sPS monoliths. The hybrid ...
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Closely Related Isolates of the Purple Nonsulfur Bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum.

ABSTRACT We report here the draft genome sequences of three isolates of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum from a single population that will serve as a model system for understanding genomic traits that underlie metabolic variation within closely related marine purple nonsulfur bacteria in natural microbial communities.
Using multi-date satellite imagery to monitor invasive grass species distribution in post-wildfire landscapes: An iterative, adaptable approach that employs open-source data and software

Among the most pressing concerns of land managers in post-wildfire landscapes are the establishment and spread of invasive species. Land managers need accurate maps of invasive species cover for targeted management post-disturbance that are easily transferable across space and time. In this study, we sought to develop an iterative, replicable methodology based on limited invasive species occurrence data, freely available remotely sensed data, and open source software to predict the distribution of Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) in a post-wildfire landscape. We developed four species distribution models using eight spectral indices derived from five months of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data in 2014. These months corresponded to both cheatgrass growing period and time of field data collection in the study area. The four models were improved using an iterative approach in which a threshold for cover was established, and all models had high sensitivity values when tested on an independent dataset. We also quantified the area at highest risk for invasion in future seasons given 2014 distribution, topographic covariates, and seed dispersal limitations. These models demonstrate the effectiveness of using derived multi-date spectral indices as proxies for species occurrence on the landscape, the importance of selecting thresholds for invasive species cover to evaluate ecological risk in species distribution models, and the applicability of Landsat 8 OLI and the Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling for targeted invasive species management.
Motor-Skill Learning in a Novel Running-Wheel Paradigm: Long-Term Memory Consolidated by D1 Receptors in the Striatum

The sensorimotor striatum mediates procedural learning. Our previous studies revealed molecular changes in the sensorimotor striatum associated with motor-skill learning in a running-wheel task. In the present series of studies, we developed a novel test to measure the motor skill learned during running-wheel training and investigated mechanisms of wheel-skill learning in the striatum. Our results show that even a short wheel training (two daily sessions) produces robust long-term memory that lasts for months. Studies using systemic and intrastriatal D1 dopamine receptor antagonism in conjunction with cocaine treatment indicate that the acquisition of this wheel skill is dependent on optimal D1 receptor signaling in the striatum. Moreover, these studies demonstrate that striatal D1 receptors are critical for the formation of late, but not early, long-term skill memory. Further studies show that striatal processing after the training mediates consolidation of this long-term skill memory, as this memory formation was disrupted by posttrial drug infusions into the striatum. Interestingly, pretrial administration of cocaine prevented this posttrial interference, suggesting that cocaine stabilizes processes of memory formation, possibly by enhancing learning-related molecular changes. Together, these findings demonstrate that this running-wheel paradigm is an efficient model to investigate mechanisms of procedural learning and memory formation.
Sports participation recommendations for patients with bleeding disorders

There are several sets of guidelines recommending sports participation for patients with bleeding disorders. Though there is a perceived risk of injury and the associated bleeding complications, several studies have been done in this patient population and have found no increased risk. In addition, there are many other benefits to participation including improvement in physical fitness status, better health outcomes, improvement in quality of life, and the development of increased flexibility, gait coordination, and muscular strength, which may actually reduce the risk of subsequent injury. With adequate pre-participation preparation and surveillance, patients with hemophilia have few restrictions in their choice of activity. In the United States, the National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF) proposes stratification of activities into safe, safe-to-moderate, moderate, moderate-to-dangerous, and dangerous risk groups. The safe through moderate categories can be routinely recommended with the proper preparation. Though hematologists often use these recommendations when counseling their patients, these guidelines may not be as accessible for primary care and sports medicine providers. This article is to serve as a review of the related literature, specifically on the benefits of physical activity without an increased risk of injury in hemophilia patients, and will summarize a set of recommendations regarding safe athletic participation for individuals with bleeding disorders from both individual studies and from health regulatory bodies like the NHF.
Young Women and the Sexual Revolution

Among the questions most frequently posed at meetings, conferences, and workshops on human sexuality are those dealing with attitudinal and behavioral changes between generations. Are today’s young people really different from yesterday’s? Will society be able to cope with the new freedoms? Does all the openness about sexuality signal the downfall of civilization? And in the past decade we’ve constantly been hearing the query, Is there a sexual revolution?
Resident challenges with daily life in Chinese long-term care facilities: A qualitative pilot study.

As traditional family-based care in China declines, the demand for residential care increases. Knowledge of residents' experiences with long-term care (LTC) facilities is essential to improving quality of care. This pilot study aimed to describe residents' experiences in LTC facilities, particularly as it related to physical function. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted in two facilities with residents stratified by three functional levels (n = 5). Directed content analysis was guided by the Adaptive Leadership Framework. A two-cycle coding approach was used with a first-cycle descriptive coding and second-cycle dramaturgical coding. Interviews provided examples of challenges faced by residents in meeting their daily care needs. Five themes emerged: staff care, care from family members, physical environment, other residents in the facility, and personal strategies. Findings demonstrate the significance of organizational context for care quality and reveal foci for future research.
Alanine and Ammonia Release by N2-Fixing Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Bacteroids

The ammonia diffusion hypothesis states that ammonia generated within the bacteroid by nitrogenase reaches the plant cytosol by diffusion Ammonia is found in the external medium of resuspended nitrogen-fixing bacteroid preparations. The purification of soybean nodule bacteroids by the sucrose density procedure has been shown to remove contaminating plant nodule cytosol proteins (Waters et al., 1985; Karr and Emerich, 1988; Karr et a1.,1990). When sucrose density gradient purified bacteroids were isolated anaerobically and incubated under nitrogen-fixing conditions, alanine was released, but not ammonia. If plant nodule cytosol was added to sucrose density gradient purified bacteroids, alanine was no longer excreted but ammonia was found instead. This indicates that alanine, and not ammonia, is the primary nitrogen carrier out of the soybean bacteroid.
Advances in Financial Machine Learning (Chapter 1)

Machine learning (ML) is changing virtually every aspect of our lives. Today ML algorithms accomplish tasks that until recently only expert humans could perform. As it relates to finance, this is the most exciting time to adopt a disruptive technology that will transform how everyone invests for generations.
Assaults on days of campaign rallies during the 2016 us presidential election

Background:This study investigates whether assault frequency increased on days and in cities where candidates Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton held campaign rallies prior to the 2016 US Presidential election.Methods:We calculated city-level counts of police-reported assaults for 31 rallies for Donal
Rethinking melas as subaltern spaces: Pardhan blacksmiths and some aspects of ‘caste-passing’ in fairs, 1872–1931

Nineteenth-century melas (fairs) were evanescent public spaces that facilitated anonymity and unplanned encounters between castes, classes, men and women. By recognizing caste-passing in various me...
The Sputter Time Duration Effect on the Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide by RF Magnetron Sputtering

Nanocrystalline ZnO thin films have been fabricated by an RF magnetron sputtering method for the different time duration. The effect of process parameters on the structural, morphological and Optical properties of ZnO were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Photoluminescence and UV-Vis. Spectrometer. All of the films were polycrystalline, and the preferred crystal plane orientation was (101) corresponding to 2𝜃 = 36.57∘, the crystallite sizes were increased from 12 nm to 18 nm as in XRD calculations and increase from 24nm to 33 nm as in SEM image. Optical constants, such as refractive index n, were determined from the transmittance spectrum in the ultraviolet -visible. The refractive index varies in the range of 1.664 to 8.706 with an increase in deposition time. Optical energy gap estimated from the transmittance (3.304 eV) and the PL (3.44 eV) shows good agreement and increased as the time duration was increased.