cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First experiences with early intervention: a national perspective.

Background. Families of young children with disabilities are eligible for early intervention ser- vices as mandated by Part C of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. Although prior research has shown that families are generally satisfied with early intervention, this research has not been based on a na- tionally representative sample of families, nor has it sys- tematically examined perceptions of the initial experi- ences entering early intervention. Objective. This study was designed to determine families' initial experiences in determining their child's eligibility, interactions with medical professionals, effort required to obtain services, participation in planning for services, satisfaction with services, and interactions with professionals. Method. We interviewed a nationally representative sample of 3338 parents of young children with or at risk for disability. All the children had recently entered an early intervention program operated under the auspices of Part C of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. Results. The average age at which families reported a concern about their child was 7.4 months. A diagnosis was made, on average, 1.4 months later, the child was referred for early intervention an average of 5.2 months after the diagnosis, and the individualized family service plan was developed 1.7 months later or at an average age of 15.7 months. Most families were very positive about their entry into early intervention programs. They re- ported discussing their concerns with a medical profes- sional and finding that person helpful. Families reported relative ease in accessing services, felt that services were related to their perceived needs, rated positively the pro- fessionals working in early intervention, and felt that they had a role in making key decisions about child and family goals. A small percentage of families experienced significant delays in getting services, wanted more in- volvement in service planning, or felt that services were inadequate, and nearly 20% were unaware of the exis- tence of a written plan for services. Minority families, families with limited income, and families with less- educated mothers were more likely to report negative experiences. Conclusions. We conclude that the beginning of early intervention services generally is highly successful and responsive, a finding that should give pediatricians more confidence in referring families for early intervention services. However, research and local evaluation efforts are needed to develop strategies to assure that all fami- lies receive services in a timely and appropriate fashion. Pediatrics 2004;113:887- 896; early intervention, early identification, families, disability.
mtDNA damage in the development of heart failure

continuous atp generation is obligatory to support the massive energetic demand of contractility ([20][1]). Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) mediated by electron transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane accounts for more than 90% of the ATP synthesized in cardiomyocytes ([6][2]). Each
Enuresis: The Difference Between Night and Day

The differentiation between night and day wetting allows the application of practical developmental and behavioral approaches to the diagnosis, evaluation, and therapy of each problem. Wetting the bed is mainly a developmental issue, and wetting the pants is a behavioral one.
Exploring inquiry-based problem-solving strategies in game-based learning environments

Guided inquiry-based learning has been proposed as a promising approach to science education. Students are encouraged to gather information, use this information to iteratively formulate and test hypotheses, draw conclusions, and report their findings. However, students may not automatically follow this prescribed sequence of steps in open-ended learning environments. This paper examines the role of inquiry behaviors in an open-ended, game-based learning environment for middle grade microbiology. Results indicate that students' quantity of information-gathering behaviors has a greater impact on content learning gains than adherence to a particular sequence of problem-solving steps. We also observe that information gathering prior to hypothesis generation is correlated with improved initial hypotheses and problem-solving efficiency.
The Electron Transfer Chain

In Chapter 3 we traced how mitochondria participate in the aerobic breakdown of pyruvate, fatty acyl-CoAs, and amino acids. The NADH formed during β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle reactions must be reoxidized to NAD+ in order for the two pathways to continue operating. This is accomplished by a sequence of oxidation-reduction events in which the final hydrogen acceptor is molecular oxygen, and the product is water. This pathway, known as the respiratory or electron transfer chain, is also involved in the oxidation of the TCA cycle intermediate, succinate.
Quantum theory of nondegenerate multiwave mixing

Recently there has been much interest in the quantum theory of multiwave mixing in atomic media, partly due to the promise of generating squeezed states of light using four-wave mixing (FWM) schemes, which need a quantized electro-magnetic-field theory to assess the effect of propagation loss and spontaneous emission on squeezing. In fact, squeezed states have recently been observed in an intracavity nondegenerate backward FWM experiment in an atomic beam of sodium.1
Spasmodic dysphonia: botulinum toxin injection after recurrent nerve surgery.

The purpose of this study was to determine if botulinum toxin injections into the thyroarytenoid muscle would reduce symptoms in adductor spasmodic dysphonic patients who had experienced symptom recurrence after recurrent laryngeal nerve surgery. Five patients were seen between 3 to 10 years after surgery with a return of speech symptoms and persistent unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Before injection, comparisons with controls on spectrographic measures of pitch and voice breaks, aperiodicity, and sentence length demonstrated significant symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia (p ≤ 0.02). Electromyographic measures demonstrated equal levels of thyroarytenoid muscle activation on the operated and non-operated sides with bipolar needle electrodes, and heightened activity in both muscles relative to normal. Therefore, symptom return was associated with thyroarytenoid innervation after recurrent nerve surgery. In all patients, the thyroarytenoid muscle on the side operated on was injected with type A botulinum toxin...
Alternatives to the Transfer of Public Lands Act

This White Paper is the fourth in a series addressing state efforts to take over federally managed public lands. We argue here that state time and resources would be better spent on collaborative efforts to improve resource management practices. Alternatives to litigation, like that threatened under Utah’s Transfer of Public Lands Act, are important because, as our prior work shows, Utah’s claims are likely to fail. The federal government is not obligated to dispose of additional public lands, and even if a disposal obligation were found to exist, such an obligation would not necessitate giving the land to the states. Furthermore, a state takeover of public lands would subject states to significant fiscal risk while likely reducing opportunities for public involvement in land management decisions. Faced with the prospect of a long, costly, and likely fruitless legal fight, states should consider other responses to what are, for many, sincerely held frustrations over the condition and management of our public lands. This paper discusses five of the main problems that we believe give rise to the frustration driving the public lands transfer movement. We then present seven possible alternatives to demanding title to federal lands that we believe respond to these problems and that are likely to produce lasting and tangible land management improvements. Neither the list of problems, nor the list of alternatives, is exhaustive. While we identify what we see as key challenges and opportunities, others will undoubtedly add to our list. We hope that a productive dialogue over public land management policies and practices can grow from this effort.
Archaeal ammonium oxidation coupled with bacterial nitrite oxidation in a simulated drinking water premise plumbing system

Simulated copper and PVC premise plumbing reactors modeling chloramine decay were monitored for complete nitrification of 0.71 mg NH4-N L−1 ammonium to nitrate with no nitrite detected. PCR, qPCR, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA sequencing were used to investigate the microbial community responsible for nitrification in the reactors' influent and biofilm on copper and PVC surfaces. No bacterial ammonium oxidizers were detected by directly targeting the bacterial amoA gene or 16S rRNA gene amplicons. FISH images indicated an archaeal population on both surfaces. Archaeal 16S rRNA and amoA gene sequences showed 98.6% and 87.6% similarity to the known archaeal ammonium oxidizer, Candidatus Nitrosotenuis uzonenis. Copy numbers of the archaeal 16S rRNA gene and archaeal amoA approximated a 1 : 1 ratio, suggesting that any archaea in the systems are likely to be ammonium oxidizers. Further, there was evidence for the presence of bacterial nitrite oxidizers. Copper surfaces supported fewer archaea as detected using the archaeal 16S rRNA and amoA genes. The results provide strong evidence for biofilms in a drinking water premise plumbing system composed of archaeal ammonium oxidizers and bacterial nitrite oxidizers, capable of complete oxidation of ammonium to nitrate. Since no bacterial ammonium oxidizers were found, this study adds to the growing body of research indicating an important role for archaeal ammonium oxidizers in freshwater/drinking water environments in the conversion of ammonium to nitrite.
Relationships of anopheles A group arboviruses.

SummaryAnopheles A, Lukuni, and six serologically related viruses were partially characterized in mice and cell cultures and were cross-tested by a variety of serologic methods. Hemagglutinins were not successfully produced; complement-fixation (CF) demonstrated extensive cross reactivity and was, therefore, of little value in distinguishing between strains; precipitin testing by double diffusion in agar supported the CF test results but these tests were too specific to be useful in showing relationships. When neutralization tests were performed, the relationship between the eight strains became apparent. Based on the latter test, a provisional classification of the Anopheles A group was proposed.
On the Distribution of Certain Sequences of Integers

Even more refined estimates of S(x) have been established by means of deep analytical methods (cf. Bateman and Grosswald [2, Section 5]). It should be observed that Erdos and Szekeres [5], Hornfeck [8], and also Bateman and Grosswald [2], actually considered a generalization of the problem discussed above. A second generalization was considered by Wintner [12, Section 621, and two other generalizations have been treated by this writer [3], [4]. It is the object of the present paper to consider still another generalization of the sequence S. Let n have distinct prime factors pi, *, p (r = 0 if n 3 1),
Examination of oxygen atom transfer reactivity of heteroscorpionate dioxo-Mo(VI) complexes: Geometric isomers, solvent effect, intermediates, and catalytic oxidation

Abstract Heteroscorpionate-based [(L10O)MoO2Cl] and [(L3S)MoO2Cl] complexes containing an interchangeable third heteroatom donor have been utilized for the systematic investigation of oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactivity. The detection of phosphoryl intermediates and products in the reaction pathway were probed by UV–Vis, mass spectrometry, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The OAT reactivity of the metal complexes toward PPh3 were monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy under pseudo-first order conditions. The sterically encumbered (L10O) ligand gives rise to isolable trans and cis isomers of [(L10O)MoO2Cl] allowing investigation into the role of geometry on OAT reactivity. The OAT reactivity of the cis isomer of (L10O)MoO2Cl demonstrated a dramatic solvent dependence, in which the reaction proceeded at a measureable rate only in pyridine. However, the trans counterpart reacted in all solvents and at much faster rates. The catalytic oxidation of PPh3 to OPPh3 by trans-[(L10O)MoO2Cl] and cis-[(L3S)MoO2Cl] complexes using DMSO as an oxygen donor was monitored by 31P NMR in DMF at 30 °C with rates, kcat = 4.26 × 10−5 s−1 and 5.28 × 10−5 s−1, respectively.
Study on the brewing processes of mushroom flour paste

Using mushroom stem and inferior mushroom as materials,the mushroom flour paste was produced by traditional technology,and the optimum conditions were obtained by orthogonal tests.They are as follows: inoculation 0.3%,12Be saline solution addition equal to the mass of flour cake,Temperature 45℃,time 40d,under these conditions,brewed mushroom flour paste has a nice quality and taste,its quality reached the wheat paste national standard.
Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Asynchrony in Pediatrics

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) in assessment of left ventricular systolic asynchrony in children.Methods:RT3DE was used to detect 55 normal children (control group),10 children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM group) and 22 children with Kawasaki disease (KD group).The 16-segment myocardial systolic volume reached the lowest maximal difference (Tmsv16-Dif) and the standard deviation (Tmsv16-SD) were measured.Values of Tmsv16-Dif and Tmsv16-SD were expressed as the percentage of the duration of the cardiac cycle (Tmsv16-Dif%,Tmsv16-SD%) to compare patients with significantly different heart rate.Results:In control group,there were no significant differences in Tmsv16-Dif,Tmsv16-SD,Tmsv16-Dif% and Tmsv16-SD% between male and female patients.There were a significant differences in Tmsv16-Dif and Tmsv16-SD between different age groups,but no significant differences in Tmsv16-Dif% and Tmsv16-SD% between different age groups.The values of Tmsv16-Dif,Tmsv16-SD,Tmsv16-Dif% and Tmsv16-SD% were significantly higher in KD and DCM groups than those of control.The values of Tmsv16-Dif,Tmsv16-SD,Tmsv16-Dif% and Tmsv16-SD% were negatively correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r=-0.583,-0.565,-0.487 and-0.567,P 0.01).In control group,the RT3DE segmental time-volume curves showed in order,but they were disorder and the peak time-point spread in KD and DCM groups.Conclusion:Tmsv16-Dif% and Tmsv16-SD% of RT3DE can quantify global left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony.RT3DE is a feasible and accurate method for analysis of left ventricular function.
Right ventricular isolation procedures for nonischemic ventricular tachycardia

Nonischemic ventricular tachycardia most commonly arises in the right ventricular free wall and is frequently refractory to medical therapy. Many different types of surgical procedures have been employed to treat medically refractory nonischemic ventricular tachycardia arising in the right ventricle, but the results of these procedures have been less than optimal. The majority of these surgical procedures have been directed toward ablation of the site (or sites) of origin of the tachyarrhythmia and have failed because of the frequent occurrence of multifocal or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in these patients. We first employed localized surgical isolation procedures to control nonischemic ventricular tachycardia arising in the right ventricular free wall in 1979. These localized procedures evolved into the development of a technique for isolating the entire right ventricular free wall from the remainder of the heart to control ventricular tachyarrhythmias arising from multiple sites in the right ventricle. Case histories are reported of two patients who underwent localized isolation procedures in 1979 as well as two patients who underwent total disconnection of the right ventricle in 1982. The follow-up period in these four patients ranges from 2 to 5 years and the control of their tachyarrhythmias has been uniformly successful. However, surgical isolation of the entire right ventricular free wall has resulted in progressive dilatation of the right ventricle as documented by serial echocardiography. The pathophysiology of the progressive right ventricular dilatation postoperatively is discussed in terms of etiology and prevention, and the indications for application of localized and total isolation procedures for nonischemic right ventricular tachycardia are outlined.
Practical Requirements for ITS Authoring Tools from a User Experience Perspective

Intelligent Tutoring Systems ITS are not yet widely implemented in learning, despite the general prevalence of digital resources in educational and training environments. ITS have been demonstrated to be effective for learners, but ITS development is not yet efficient for authors. Creating an ITS requires time, resources, and multidisciplinary skills. Authoring tools are intended to reduce the time and skill required to create an ITS, but the current state of those tools is categorized as a series of design tradeoffs between functionality, generalizability, and usability. In practice, the former two factors matter little if potential authors disregard the ITS in favor of other solutions. In this sense, authors, not learners, are the primary users of an ITS; the user experience of authors is critical to greater ITS adoption at an organizational level. With those challenges in mind, ongoing work and lessons learned on the design of authoring tools are described for a specific ITS platform, the Generalized Framework for Intelligent Tutoring GIFT. User-centered design considerations are examined through the lens of authors' goals, mental models for authoring, and the definition of authoring sub-roles. Recommendations for authoring tool design and future research directions for design research in authoring tools are discussed.
The Origin and Function of Langerin (CD207) Expressing Cells in Mice and Humans

Abstract SCI-7 The current paradigm suggests that Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) results from an accumulation of epidermal dendritic cells also called Langerhans cells. This concept is based on phenotypic and ultrastructural observations showing that LCH lesions are infiltrated by CD1a + langerin + cells, two features thought to be restricted to epidermal Langerhans cells. It has been difficult, however, to understand how Langerhans cells, which are normally restricted to stratified epithelia, could give rise to such a multifocal disorder. LCH research has been handicapped by the inability to develop reliable animal models and by the fact that for a long time very few markers were available to determine the origin and stage of differentiation of histiocytes, now renamed macrophage/dendritic cell lineages. This presentation will discuss recent progress in our understanding of the regulation of the Langerhans cell, macrophage, and dendritic cell lineages and discuss the relationship of these lineages with the LCH cell. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Reply to Critics: Josh Dever and John Hawthorne

‘Time brings all things to pass.’—AeschylusJosh Dever argues that there is no real choice to make between semantic eternalism and temporalism, as they are semantically equivalent. He calls this pos...
Fuzziness, Rationality, Optimality and Equilibrium in Decision and Economic Theories

This essay presents structural categories of theories of optimization. It begins with the classical system leading to the establishment of an entry point of fuzzy optimization from the logic of the classical optimization. Four categories of optimization problems are identified. They are exact (non-fuzzy) and nonstochastic, exact (non-fuzzy) and stochastic categories that are associated with classical laws of thought and mathematics. The other categories are fuzzy and non-stochastic, and fuzzy-stochastic problems that are associated with fuzzy laws of thought and fuzzy mathematics. The canonical structures of the problems and their solutions are presented.
Prognostic significance of extensive necrosis in renal cell carcinoma

Few studies using the current classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have looked at a large number of cases with near total necrosis. We identified 21 cases of resections of RCC with >90% necrosis from the archives of Johns Hopkins Hospital between 2000 and 2015. Patients' mean age was 59 years (43-77) with 16 men (76%); 12 cases (57%) were papillary RCC, 4 clear cell papillary RCC (19%), 4 clear cell RCC (19%), and 1 unclassified with sarcomatoid differentiation (5%). International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) nucleolar grade was grade 1 (9 cases) or grade 2 (9 cases). Two cases were ISUP nucleolar grade 3, and 1 case was grade 4. Pathological stage was low (pT1-2) in 20 (95%) with the unclassified RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation RCC stage pT3a. Mean tumor size was 6.3 cm (1.2-17). In 52% (11) of cases, it was difficult to identify viable tumor, requiring multiple sections; 4 cases of papillary RCC were diagnosed in part due to necrotic tumor "ghost" architecture. Follow-up was available in 17 cases (81%) with a mean follow-up of 59 months. Thirteen patients (62%) are alive without disease. The patient with unclassified carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation died of cancer, and 2 died due to causes unrelated to cancer. One patient (5%) with low-grade clear cell RCC developed metastases but had a contralateral RCC. In the setting of a low-grade RCC, extensive necrosis does not have an adverse prognosis. In summary, our data, together with a prior study from our institution, comprise one of the largest cohorts of extensively (>90%) necrotic RCCs and suggests that in the setting of a low-grade RCC, it portends a good prognosis (only 2/36 cases showing progression (6%) on follow-up). However, we did identify a single case of high-grade RCC with an adverse prognosis and therefore, careful attention to tumor grade and classification is critical. The presence of tumor necrosis as a prognosticator in RCCs is complex, and despite its well-accepted role as an indicator of poor prognosis, our data would suggest otherwise under specific conditions. Importantly, in diagnosing a renal mass with extensive cystic necrosis, careful and extensive sampling to identify small foci of viable tumor or "ghost" architecture may be necessary for classification. As such, evaluation of its presence should not only be quantitative, but critical attention should be made to tumor grade and stage, whereby in high-grade carcinomas, necrosis likely imparts a worse prognosis; however, in low-grade carcinomas with extensive necrosis, the histological subtype, grade, and stage drive prognosis.
Estimating index of refraction for specular reflectors using passive polarimetric hyperspectral radiance measurements

Results of a method of estimating index of refraction from passive, polarimetric hyperspectral imaging radiance measurements are presented. As off-nadir viewing hyperspectral imaging platforms gain prominence, estimating index of refraction, which is invariant to viewing angle, may prove advantageous to estimating the emissivity, which is not. Results show that index of refraction can be retrieved to within 8% rms error for fused silica and sapphire glass targets, while simultaneously estimating object temperature. The accuracy and self-consistency of this technique for estimating index of refraction are shown to compare favorably to the maximum smoothness temperature–emissivity separation algorithm. Additionally, the results show that atmospheric downwelling radiance can also be accurately estimated, to within the noise of the instrument, concurrently with index of refraction.
OpinionWalk: An efficient solution to massive trust assessment in online social networks

Massive trust assessment (MTA) in an Online Social Network (OSN), i.e., computing the trustworthiness of all users in the network, is crucial in various OSN-related applications. Existing solutions are either too slow or inaccurate in addressing the MTA problem. We propose the OpinionWalk algorithm that accurately and efficiently conducts MTA in an OSN. OpinionWalk models trust by the Dirichlet distribution and uses a matrix to represent the direct trust relations among users. From the perspective of a user, other users' trustworthiness are stored in a column vector that is iteratively updated when the algorithm “walks” through the network, in a breadth-first search manner. We identify the overlapping subproblems property in MTA and prove OpinionWalk is a more efficient solution. The accuracy and execution time of OpinionWalk are evaluated and compared to benchmark algorithms including EigenTrust, TrustRank, MoleTrust, TidalTrust and AssessTrust, using two real-world datasets (Advogato and Pretty Good Privacy). Experimental results indicate that OpinionWalk is an efficient and accurate solution to MTA, compared to previous algorithms.
Statistical Design and Analysis of Shape Studies

A method for characterizing the geometrical appearance of two‐dimensional objects and those three‐dimensional objects which can be represented by a figure in two dimensions is presented. These objects can be reasonably described using the length measured along the longest axis and p diameters (width) along the length axis. Two objects, measured in this way, will be similar in shape if the diameter‐to‐length ratios are equal at all positions. Analysis of variance of these ratios is used to test the significance of experimental treatment effects on the shape of such objects. A numerical example is presented to illustrate these procedures of design, analysis and interpretation.
Memory of Past Beliefs and Actions

Two notions of memory are studied both syntactically and semantically: memory of past beliefs and memory of past actions. The analysis is carried out in a basic temporal logic framework enriched with beliefs and actions.
Cloning of a Dna Fragment Encoding γ-Glutamyl Kinase and γ-Glutamyl Phosphate Reductase from a Tomato cDNA Library

We cloned the gene encoding the first enzyme of proline synthesis from tomato (L. esculentum) by complementation of a proB mutation in E. coli with a λgt-11 cDNA library of tomato fruit. We obtained seven phages which were able to restore proline prototrophy to the proB mutant. The insert from one of the complementing phages, PRO1, was subcloned into plasmid pBluescript IIKS+ When transferred into a mutant ΔproBA (which is deficient in both the first and second enzymes of proline biosynthesis, γ-glutamyl kinase and γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase), the PRO1 gene was able to complement this deletion mutation. Assays of the coupled γ-glutamyl kinase/γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase activity of E. coli proB or ΔproBA mutant strains revealed that these strains have elevated levels of both γ-glutamyl kinase and γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase. These results indicate that the PRO1 gene is a hybrid locus which specifies both enzymatic activities.
Biotelemetry based estimates of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) post-release mortality in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract The Gulf of Mexico greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) stock has been designated as “overfished” by the National Marine Fisheries Service and is currently under a rebuilding plan. Its fishery in the Gulf of Mexico is dominated by recreational landings, where 75% of the total recreational catch are regulatory discards; as such, uncertainty regarding the post-release mortality rate represents a data deficiency in the stock assessment. To determine post-release mortality, a combination of acoustic and pop-up satellite archival transmitting (PSAT) tags were used to monitor the release fate and depth-use of greater amberjack. Thirty-six greater amberjack were tagged with acoustic transmitters at two sites in the northern GOM and monitored for up to 30 days. Sublegal-sized fish (n = 18) ranged from 591 to 740 mm FL (mean = 674.6 ± 40.6 SE) and legal-sized fish (n = 18) ranged from 768 to 1081 mm FL (mean = 871.3 ± 77.5 SE). All 36 fish were detected in the array after release. Based on examination of time series depth profiles, post-release mortality was estimated to be 18.8% ± 6.9%, strikingly similar to the estimate used in the most recent stock assessment. Stepwise model selection using AIC identified the Cox proportional hazards model containing only release condition as the most parsimonious model to predict post-release mortality. Despite differences in depth between the two tagging sites, fish showed slight, but consistent, size-specific segregation patterns. Our findingsadd to a body of literature demonstrating that biotelemetry is an effective tool in catch and release mortality studies, and provide best practices that can aid in the recovery of this stock.
Role of long non-coding RNAs in disease progression of early stage unmutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia

// Renee C. Tschumper 1 , Tait D. Shanafelt 3 , Neil E. Kay 4 and Diane F. Jelinek 2, 4 1 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 2 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 3 Department of Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA correspondence to: Diane F. Jelinek, email: jelinek.diane@mayo.edu Keywords: long non-coding RNA; chronic lymphocytic leukemia; unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region; progression; early Rai stage Received: October 27, 2018 Accepted: December 12, 2018 Published: January 01, 2019 ABSTRACT Predicting disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains challenging particularly in patients with Rai Stage 0/I disease that have an unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (UM IGHV). Even though patients with UM IGHV have a poor prognosis and generally require earlier treatment, not all UM IGHV patients experience more rapid disease progression with some remaining treatment free for many years. This observation suggests biologic characteristics other than known prognostic factors influence disease progression. Alterations in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression levels have been implicated in diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers, however, their role in disease progression of early Rai stage UM CLL is unknown. Here we use microarray analysis to compare lncRNA and mRNA profiles of Rai 0/I UM IGHV patients who progressed in 5 years. Over 1,300 lncRNAs and 940 mRNAs were differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2.0; p-value ≤ 0.05). Of interest, the differentially expressed lncRNAs T204050, NR_002947, and uc.436+, have known associated genes that have been linked to CLL. Thus, our study reveals differentially expressed lncRNAs in progressive early stage CLL requiring therapy versus indolent early Rai stage UM CLL. These lncRNAs have the potential to impact relevant biological processes and pathways that influence clinical outcome in CLL.
Promoting the Development of Evidence-Based Concussion Education for Power-5 Collegiate Athletes: The Influences of Organizational Elements on Perceived Vestedness

Concussions present a significant health concern for collegiate athletes, team leaders, and university administrators. The consequences of these injuries can affect athletes’ scholastic and athleti...
APPENDIX 3A Cell Counting

This unit presents protocols for counting cells using either a hemacytometer or electronically using a Coulter counter. Cell counting with a hemacytometer permits effective discrimination of live from dead cells using trypan blue exclusion. In addition, the procedure is less subject to errors arising from cell clumping or size heterogeneity. Counting cells is more quickly and easily performed using an electronic counter, but live-dead discrimination is unreliable. Cell populations containing large numbers of dead cells and/or cell clumps are difficult to count accurately. In addition, electronic counting requires resetting of the instrument for cell populations of different sizes; heterogeneous populations can give rise to inaccurate counts, and resting and activated cells may require counting at separate settings. In general, electronic cell counting is best performed on fresh peripheral blood cells.
A randomized pilot study of nitrate supplementation with beetroot juice in acute respiratory failure.

Abstract Nitrate rich beetroot juice (BRJ) can enhance nitric oxide signaling, leading to improved physical function in healthy and diseased populations, but its safety and biologic efficacy have not been evaluated in a critically ill population. We randomized 22 previously functional acute respiratory failure patients to either BRJ or placebo daily until day 14 or discharge. We measured blood nitrate and nitrite levels and quantified strength and physical function at intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital discharge. Participants were predominantly male (54%), aged 68.5 years with an APACHE III score of 62. BRJ increased plasma nitrate (mean 219.2 μM increase, p = 0.002) and nitrite levels (mean 0.144 μM increase, p = 0.02). We identified no adverse events. The unadjusted and adjusted effect sizes of the intervention on the short physical performance battery were small (d = 0.12 and d = 0.17, respectively). In this pilot trial, administration of BRJ was feasible and safe, increased blood nitrate and nitrate levels, but had a small effect on physical function. Future studies could evaluate the clinical efficacy of BRJ as a therapy to improve physical function in survivors of critical illness.
CROSS SECTIONS AND ISOMER RATIOS FOR THE $sup 45$Sc($sup 3$He,$alpha$)/sup 44m,44g/Sc REACTIONS FROM 6 TO 19 MeV: RECOIL-RANGE STUDIES FOR /sup 44m/Sc AND /sup 44g/Sc IN $sup 45$Sc.

The absolute cross sections for the production of ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{44m}$ and ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{44g}$ by the ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{45}({\mathrm{He}}^{3}, \ensuremath{\alpha})$ reaction have been determined at 1-MeV intervals from 6-19 MeV. The experimentally determined isomer-ratio function has only a limited variance over the energy range studied. Calculations of the Huizenga-Vandenbosch type were performed. Spin cutoff parameters of 2 and 4 gave poor fits of the isomer data. Recoil ranges for ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{44m}$ and ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{44g}$ in ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{45}$ were determined. Recoil energies for ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{44}$ were calculated assuming (1) a compound-nucleus mechanism and (2) a pickup-type mechanism. Recoil ranges for ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{44}$ in ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{45}$ were then calculated using the formulation of Lindhard, Scharff, and Schiott. Comparison of the experimental recoil ranges with the calculated values resulted in poor agreement with both calculations. The inability to fit the isomer-ratio data with a spin cutoff parameter of 2, and the poor agreement of the experimental recoil ranges with the compound-nucleus-mechanism calculation, are interpreted as evidence for the occurrence of non-compound-nucleus-type processes.
Enhancing harsh environment oil spill recovery using air floatation system

Recovering heavy oil spilled in a harsh environment is challenging especially when dealing with cold marine environments, where sea ice or high sea states are present. The current technology is based on removing oil from the water surface, meanwhile a significant amount of oil particles could remain in the water column due to turbulent ocean conditions and the density of heavy oil. Therefore, in order to enhance the mechanical recovery of heavy oil, capturing oil particles dispersed in the water column is very important. It has been observed that air bubbles can create an upward water flow and thus enhance the flotation of suspended oil particles. The oil floating at surface can then be removed using conventional skimmers. The present paper focuses on developing a lab-scale test program and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for an enhanced oil spill recovery system and presents the preliminary test results performed at C-CORE. Both stationery and advancing modes of the oil spill recovery system with attached air diffusers were tested. Preliminary test results indicate that the heavy oil recovery ratio can be significantly improved by using air bubbles for oil flotation.
New Conceptions of Sufficient Home Size in High-Income Countries: Are We Approaching a Sustainable Consumption Transition?

Housing plays a significant role in impelling demand for natural resources and driving economic growth in high-income countries. Public policies, commercial prerogatives, and other inducements have...
In Situ High-Temperature Synchrotron Diffraction Studies of (Fe,Cr,Al)3O4 Spinels.

The modeling of a loss-of-coolant-accident scenario involving nuclear fuels with FeCrAl cladding materials in consideration to replace a Zircaloy requires knowledge of the thermodynamics of oxidize...
Remember the null hypothesis

Few principles are as essential to the education of developing scientists as the role of the null hypothesis in inferential statistics and research in general. This is often taught as directly analogous to the principle of being considered innocent in a court of law until proven guilty. In at least some cases, the consequences of ignoring this scientific principle and embracing an alternate hypothesis without sufficient proof can be substantial, and equivalent to a premature assumption of guilt. Consider, for example, the hypothesis that vaccinations cause autism, or that cooking with aluminium pans causes Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These are both alternative hypotheses that eventuated (and in the former example, continue to eventuate) in widespread public alarm. In both cases, …
Lasers in Aesthetic Surgery

As more patients desire nonsurgical options, understanding how to apply lasers to one’s practice is of utmost importance. Lasers can be used as a solitary treatment modality or as an adjunct to surgery to improve the overall result. Understanding the target chromophore of each laser and how to adjust energy densities to achieve the patient’s goal is the foundation to implementing lasers into one’s practice and necessary to mitigate the risk of complications. Additionally, other nonsurgical modalities are reviewed in this chapter that can be used to improve quality and texture of skin and to achieve skin tightening.
Adolescent nicotine and marijuana vaping activity and the use of other illicit substances.

Abstract Purpose Previous research links cigarette use and marijuana use in adolescence with the use of other illicit substances. Limited research, however, has explored whether vaping nicotine and marijuana, along with using these substances through multiple modes of delivery (traditional cigarette/marijuana use and vaping) is associated with the use of other illicit substances in adolescence. Procedures This study addresses this gap in the literature by employing negative binomial regression to examine the relationships between three categories of nicotine users (traditional cigarettes only, nicotine vaping only, and dual mode nicotine use), three categories of marijuana users (traditional marijuana use only, marijuana vaping only, and dual mode marijuana use), and the use of other illicit substances in a sample of Florida middle school and high school students. Findings Our findings reveal that nicotine vaping and dual mode use of both nicotine and marijuana are associated with the use of a greater variety of illicit substances compared to non-users. Conclusions In conclusion, our findings suggest that dual mode use of nicotine and marijuana are associated with greater likelihood of using other illicit substances. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
Hub network design for hazardous-materials transportation under uncertainty

Abstract This paper considers a hazardous materials (hazmat) transportation network design problem based on hub location topology under uncertainty. The control variables include decisions regarding location of hubs and hazmat response teams, along with the routing schemes. The model aims to minimize the total risk in the network. The measure of risk incorporates average response time to hazmat incidents as well as waiting time at hubs. To tackle the uncertainty of the problem, an efficient interactive approach using mean-absolute deviation and possibilistic programming is developed. Two heuristic algorithms based on lower bound procedure and rolling horizon scheme are presented to solve the model in large scale instances. The advantages of the presented methodologies are demonstrated through numerical experiments based on transportation networks from Sioux Falls, SD, and Western New York. We investigate different design schemes and discuss optimal decisions under different configurations.
Activation energy of thin SiO/sub 2/ films

The activation energy of thin SiO2 films was evaluated at varying temperatures, applied electric fields, oxide thicknesses and electrode areas. It was shown that the thermal activation energy is not constant and is dependent on various parameters that have an impact on the breakdown rate of reaction.
The Search for Meaning

Few fail to appreciate the more obvious psychological challenges facing the parents of medically fragile infants. Any parent can imagine a mother’s distress at giving birth to a premature baby, her anxiety in helplessly watching the baby struggle to survive on an intensive care unit, or her frustration in trying unsuccessfully to feed or calm her baby. Less apparent to observers is the psychological toll of feeling “victimized” by the birth and care of a medically fragile infant. Taylor, Wood, and Lichtman (1983) define a victim as “one who is harmed by or made to suffer from an act, circumstances, agency, or condition.” Stripped of its adverse connotation, this definition of victimization applies to most individuals who encounter negative life events. But the very status of being a victim is neither socially nor psychologically neutral in our culture. Many undesirable social and personal consequences, beyond the obvious losses associated with the event, ensue from the experience of victimization. Negative personal consequences include the loss of control and threats to self-esteem. Negative social consequences include being blamed by others for the event, feeling stigmatized because of it, and being pitied for it.
Bodily Awareness and Immunity to Error through Misidentification

: Some first person statements, such as ‘I am in pain’, are thought to be immune to error through misidentification (IEM): I cannot be wrong that I am in pain because—while I know that someone is in pain—I have mistaken that person for myself. While IEM is typically associated with the self-ascription of psychological properties, some philosophers attempt to draw anti-Cartesian conclusions from the claim that certain physical self-ascriptions are also IEM. In this paper, I will examine whether some physical self-ascriptions are in fact IEM, and—if they are—what role that fact is supposed to play in arguments for the anti-Cartesian claim that self-consciousness is consciousness of oneself as a material object. I will argue that if we accept the assumptions required to show that physical self-ascriptions are IEM, then IEM cannot play the role it needs to play in these anti-Cartesian arguments.
CCR5 Antagonist and Agonist Binding Site Structures

Several small molecule antagonists of the HIV co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are being developed as HIV entry inhibitors, but side effects have been observed in clinical trials that are likely due to agonist activity and/or crossreactivity with closely related receptors. In order to develop high resolution maps of the binding sites for these antagonists that can be exploited to improve the activity and specificity, we are synthesizing derivatives of CCR5 and CXCR4 antagonists which contain photocrosslinking groups at a variety positions in the molecules and that retain high affinity and activity against the receptors. Derivatives of two CCR5 antagonists have been crosslinked to affinity-purified CCR5 or CCR5 expressed on cells, and the interaction sites are being mapped by mass spectrometry. Techniques for purification, crosslinking, CNBr and/or trypsin digestion, and LC/MS/MS and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of highly hydrophobic peptides initially developed using the rhodopsin GPCR system have been applied with some success to CCR5. The peptide photo-crosslinked to a derivative of the antagonist TAK-779 has been identified, and modeling of the interaction with CCR5 suggests that it binds within the transmembrane region of the receptor and is oriented parallel to the transmembrane helices – in striking contrast to the perpendicular orientation expected for GPCR agonists. from 2005 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology Baltimore, USA, 29 August – 2 September 2005
Gravitational microlens in motion.

Astronomers have now imaged a stellar microlens as it speeds across the sky. A similar effect will soon allow them to measure the mass of a lens, whether dark or luminous.
The Oxidation State of Copper in Resting Tyrosinase

Abstract Resting tryosinase was diamagnetic between 1.4 K and 200 K. Redox titration showed that it, but not apotyrosinase, contained a titrable group, E'0 = +0.36 volt (pH 7.0), n = 2. Upon denaturation with acid under strictly anaerobic conditions, the EPR-detectable copper increased from less than 5% of the copper present to about 100%. It is concluded that the active site of the enzyme contains a pair of antiferromagnetically coupled Cu2+ ions.
Electrochemical characteristics of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (vitamin K3)

Abstract Electrochemical characteristics of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (vitamin K 3 ) were studied by polarography, controlled potential coulometry, and cyclic voltammetry. A polarographic procedure in acetate and phosphate buffers and a microcoulometric method of determination of this compound with electrogenerated cerium(IV) ion are described.
Stall/Spin Research Status Report

Description of a program aimed at improving the design and evaluation techniques relative to stall/spin characteristics of general-aviation aircraft. The program encompasses analytical studies, full-scale and model wind-tunnel tests, a radio-control model, and full-scale flight tests. Initial spin-tunnel results of several tail designs on a representative light aircraft are discussed.