cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of drug treatment on liver-slice function following 72-hour hypothermic perfusion.

Abstract The viability of hypothermically perfused dog liver was evaluated with a tissue-slice technique. After being preserved for 72 hr, slices of liver were incubated at 30 °C for as long as 2 hr; then water content, K + Na + ratio, and ATP concentration were measured. Dog livers were assigned to the following experimental groups: Group 1 (no preservation; control); Group 2 (livers preserved for 72 hr); Group 3 (donor animals pretreated with 3.5 mg/kg of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and 20 mg/kg of methylprednisolone (MP), and livers preserved for 72 hr); Group 4 (livers pretreated with 2-deoxycoformycin (2-DOC), 50 mg/liter, and preserved for 72 hr); and Group 5 (combination of Group 3 and Group 4 treatments). Livers in Groups 2, 3, and 4 lost K+ during preservation, and the mean K + Na + ratio significantly decreased from a control value of 4.2 ± 0.4 to 1.5–1.9 (P K + Na + ratio was 3.9 ± 0.5. Fresh livers (no preservation) rapidly reaccumulated K+ when the tissue slices were incubated for 2 hr at 30 °C; mean K + Na + ratio was 3.7 ± 0.5. Tissue slices from Group 2 livers (72 hr preservation), and livers pretreated with CPZ-MP (Group 3) or pretreated with 2-DOC (Group 4) did not significantly reaccumulate K+ at 30 °C; mean K + Na + ratio was 1.7–2.1. Only slices prepared from liver pretreated with both CPZ-MP and 2-DOC reaccumulated K+; mean K + Na + ratio was 4.6 ± 1.2. These findings suggest that the combination of membrane stabilization (CPZ-MP) and stimulated ATP synthesis induced by adding 2-DOC and adenosine to the perfusate is necessary to improve liver preservation.
Did the Chinese have a change of heart

In their “The Prevalence of Mind-Body Dualism in Early China,” Slingerland and Chudek use a statistical analysis of the early Chinese corpus to argue for Weak Folk Dualism (WFD). We raise three methodological objections to their analysis. First, the change over time that they find is largely driven by genre. Second, the operationalization of WFD is potentially misleading. And, third, dating the texts they use is extremely controversial. We conclude with some positive remarks.
Common Application Language (CAL) and its integration into a home automation system

The authors present an implementation of CAL (Common Application Language) as an integral part of a practical home automation system. CAL is the medium through which users submit their requests to the system for translation and transmission onto the CEBus. Such a system is in the process of being designed and implemented according to all present specifications set forth by the EIA (Electronic Industries Association). Attention is given here to CAL's command syntax, supervisor and modules, and hardware and software. >
A simple multi-specimen apparatus for fixed stress fatigue testing.

To cope with the time-consuming characteristics of fatigue tests, a multi-specimen fatigue testing apparatus, which could test 10 specimens at a time, was designed, constructed, and tested. The specimens are fixed around a rotating axis, and the required stresses are applied by weights attached on the other end of each specimen. The test mode can be categorized as a stress-controlled flexural fatigue test. Its performance was tested by comparing it with a commercial three-point bending fatigue testing apparatus. The stress versus number of cycles to failure curves of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), which were obtained from both fatigue testing equipments, showed results that were similar to each other. The fatigue test results of acrylic bone cement in a fixed-stress mode also showed good agreement between the data obtained from the new apparatus and the commercial apparatus. The test results seem quite reliable and show feasibility of significantly reducing the overall test periods. It may be valuable, especially for the fatigue tests, which must be done with a low frequency and a low applied stress level such as a fatigue test of bone cements. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 48: 297–300, 1999
The multiplier equation and its application to S-solutions of a differential delay equation

Stability and uniqueness of slowly oscillating periodic solutions are two important questions concerning differential delay equations. It is suggested in [6] that these two problems are closely related to each other. Although many results on the existence of such solutions have been established (see [7, and Refs. therein]), results on their uniqueness and stability are comparatively few, even in the simplest cases. A slowly oscillating periodic or SOP solution of
Cocaine alters cyclic motor activity in the fetal rat

Individual rat fetuses were exposed to cocaine by injection into the cisterna magna on E20 or E21 of gestation. On E20, cocaine elevated motor activity throughout the 20-min session, with activity increasing to double SAL-injected levels by the end of the session. On E21, overall activity also was elevated after cocaine, increasing four- to fivefold in the first 5 min of the session, and decreasing to twice the levels of SAL controls thereafter. Movement time series were subjected to spectral analysis to characterize cyclic motor organization. Cyclicity was evident in 67% of control and 97% of cocaine-injected fetuses. Cocaine increased the number of peaks in the movement spectrum and resulted in greater spectral density at the primary frequency of cyclic movement. Prenatal exposure to cocaine may alter patterns of cyclicity in the fetus, with consequences for the normal development of attention and behavioral state in the neonate.©1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Paradigms in the Gerontology Classroom: Connections and Challenges to Learning

The article explores paradigms for approaching course content to be studied in the classroom. These paradigms, or global views about what is of interest or importance and ways of knowing, relate to key questions in gerontology, such as what is the relevant domain/content to be studied, what is the central level of analysis or action, what are appropriate ways to gain knowledge, and how do we best address the challenges related to aging? For interdisciplinary gerontology programs, the discussion of paradigms raises the question of whether learning effectiveness and student satisfaction may suffer when the students are unaware of their own budding gerontological paradigms or when an instructor's paradigm remains unarticulated or differs from those of students. This article discusses selected paradigms inherent within gerontology education/training programs and their diverse foci, two emerging paradigms of gerontology, and potential steps to clarify these paradigms in the classroom.
Specificity of Isoantisera against Leukæmic and Thymic Lymphocytes

THIS communication concerns the specificity of isoantisera prepared against leukaemic and against thymic lymphocytes of AKR mice, as determined by immune cytolysis1–3. Discovery of a strong antigen associated with the thymic lymphocytes of AKR mice is also reported. A preliminary report has been made4.
Magnetic plutonium impurities in palladium

Abstract Electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements on dilute Pd(Pu) and Pd(Np) alloys indicate that the two-band model cannot explain the resistivity of Kondo-type systems with positive resistivity-temperature slopes at low temperatures.
Enhancement of Brain L-Dopa Concentration with α-Chymotrypsin

: α-Chymotrypsin (5 mg per kg per dose) plus L-dopa (250 mg per kg per dose) was administered orally to 15 mice in a series of 5 feedings during a 26-hour period. There was a 2.35-fold increase in the brain concentration of L-dopa compared with the increase in 5 mice given L-dopa alone. It is suggested that oral administration of α-chymotrypsin in combination with L-dopa might be of clinical value in the management of Parkinson's disease.
Diaphragmatic vasolidation elicited by pulmonary C-fiber stimulation

Abstract This study was performed to assess the effect of pulmonary C-fiber stimulation with capsaicin on vascular resistance in the diaphragm. Nine dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and were instrumented with right and left ventricular catheters. The left phrenic artery was isolated and perfused from an extracorporeal reservoir. Right ventricular capsaicin injections (5–20 μg/kg) caused significant decreases in phrenic perfusion pressure (−16%), systemic arterial pressure (−32%), and heart rate (−19%). Injection of identical doses of capsaicin into the left ventricle led to no significant changes in phrenic arterial perfusion pressure or systemic arterial pressure but a 10% decrease in heart rate. Bilateral cervical vagotomy eliminated the responses to both right and left ventricular injection of capsaicin, as did administration of the autonomic ganglion blocker hexamethonium bromide. The results indicate that pulmonary C-fiber stimulation reflexly vasolidates vessels in the diaphragm.
Resection and immediate microvascular reconstruction in the management of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible

Background Management of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) remains a difficult and challenging problem. The traditional approach using debridement, antibiotics, and occasionally hyperbaric oxygen is usually successful in treating minimal ORN. However, when bone and soft-tissue necrosis is extensive, the conservative approach usually requires intensive care over a long period of time and often yields unsatisfactory functional and cosmetic results. Methods Within the past 5 years, we have used radical resection of the mandible with immediate microvascular reconstruction in the treatment of extensive ORN of the mandible. This aggressive surgical approach was used in six patients with advanced ORN of the mandible, all of whom had failed initial conservative treatment, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy in three. A fibular free graft with microvascular anastomosis was used in all patients. Results All the patients healed primarily with minimal postoperative morbidity and excellent cosmetic results. Two patients subsequently required removal of some of their hardware. One patient had placement of osseointegrated implants with an excellent cosmetic and functional result. Conclusion Microvascular reconstruction with its own blood supply seems to expedite bone healing and limit further osteoradionecrosis of the remaining mandible. Although prevention is the primary goal in radiation injury, our experience suggests that radical resection with free microvascular reconstruction offers significant advantages to selected patients with extensive ORN of the mandible. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck19: 406–411, 1997.
Nonverbal Emotion Recognition and Salespersons: Linking Ability to Perceived and Actual Success

The present studies examined whether salespersons who more accurately read nonverbal emotional expressions were more successful. We used multiple measures of job success, consistent with prior research. In Study 1, building-supply salespersons who were better at nonverbal emotion recognition earned higher average annual salary increases, but did not rate themselves as more successful. Similarly, in Study 2, we found that automobile salespersons who were better at nonverbal emotion recognition sold more cars per month, but did not rate themselves as more successful. The results speak to the need for further exploration of skill-based assessments in the selection and development of salespersons.
Distribution of radiocarbon after intramammary, intrauterine, or ocular treatment of lactating cows with carbon-14 nitrofurazone.

Abstract Three lactating Holstein cows (634 to 698kg) were dosed, respectively, with 65.6mg (44.5 µCi/mg), 131.2mg (20.1 µCi/mg), or 8.4mg (141.3 µCi/mg) of [ 14 C]nitrofurazone by intramammary, intrauterine, or topical ocular administration. Intramammary and intrauterine treatments were single doses; ocular treatment was daily for 4 consecutive d (2.1 mg/d). Cows were slaughtered after 72-h withdrawal periods. Excreta and milk were quantitatively collected from each cow after dosing. Seventy-two hours after treatment, urine, feces, and milk contained 62.9, 17.6, and 2.3%, respectively, of the radiocarbon administered intramammarily to the cow. Radioactive residues in milk collected from the dosed quarter were 150 ppb (nitrofurazone equivalents) and were 39 ppb in milk collected from the undosed quarters at 12h after dosing. Urine, feces, and milk from the cow that received the intrauterine dose contained 12.24, 5.17, and 0.13% of the administered dose, respectively, at 72h after treatment. Concentrations of total radioactive residues in milk were 9.3 ppb at 12h after dosing. For the cow that was dosed ocularly, the cumulative excretion of radiocarbon in urine, feces, and milk was 17.6, 28.5, and 0.5% of the dose, respectively. Milk residues from the cow that was dosed ocularly were never >1 ppb of nitrofurazone equivalents. Livers and kidneys contained the greatest amounts of residues relative to other edible tissues. Parent nitrofurazone was not suitable as a marker compound to determine total residues in milk using HPLC analysis. Radioactive residues were available systemically and were excreted in milk after intramammary, intrauterine, or ocular application of [ 14 C]nitrofurazone. Illegal residues in milk and edible tissues would result from the administration of nitrofurazone to lactating cows.
Aberration reduction by multiple relays of an incoherent image.

Consider a generally aberrated one-dimensional (1D) optical pupil P illuminated by quasi-monochromatic light of mean wavelength λ¯. In past work it was found that, if the pupil’s intensity point-spread function (psf) is multiply convolved with itself, as in an imaging relay system, and then ideally (stigmatically) demagnified, the resulting psf s(x) approaches a fixed Cauchy form s(x)=Δx(π2x2+Δx2)-1, which is independent of the aberrations of the pupil. Here Δx is the Nyquist sampling interval given by Δx=λ¯f/2 with f the f/number of the pupil. This Cauchy form for this intensity psf s(x) also manifestly lacks sidelobes. The overall questions that we examine are how far do these effects carry over to the case of a circular, two-dimensional (2D) pupil, and to what extent do practical imaging considerations compromise the theoretical results? It is found that, in the presence of spherical aberration of all orders, the resulting theoretical psf of a large number of self-convolutions approaches a “circular” Cauchy form, S(r)=2Δr[π2r2+(4Δr/π)2]-3/2, where Δr is the Nyquist sampling interval λ¯f/2 with f the f/number of the (now) circular pupil. Thus, for these aberrations the 1D effect does carry over to the 2D case: The output psf does not depend on the aberrations and completely lacks sidelobes. However, when all aberrations are generally present, the output psf s(r, θ) does depend on the aberrations, although its azimuthal average over θ still preserves the circular Cauchy form, as a superposition of Cauchy functions. Imaging requirements for achieving these ideal effects are briefly discussed as well as probability laws for photons that are implied by the above-mentioned PSF’s s(x) and S(r). Real-time super resolution is not attained, since the stigmatic imaging demanded of the demagnification step requires the use of a larger-apertured lens. Rather, the approach achieves significant aberration suppression.
Class number of an abelian group

Abstract The groups in this paper are abelian. In this Addendum to [T.G. Faticoni, The class number of an abelian group, J. Algebra 314 (2007) 978–1008] we show that a problem in the direct sum decompositions of torsion-free finite rank groups implies several important problems of number theory.
Methylation Status of 5′-Regulatory Region of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Gene Correlates with Differentiation Stages of Monocytes☆

The DNA methylation status of the 5′-regulatory region of human tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene was examined using two human monocytic cell lines representing different differentiation stages: one cell line, THP-1, represents the most differentiated macrophage-like phenotypes and the other, HL-60, represents a least differentiated phenotype. Two restriction enzymes were used to detect methylated sites in the 5′-regulatory region of the TNF-α gene. The restriction enzyme Msp I, which recognizes both CCGG (unmethylated) and CmeCGG (methylated) sequences, whereas Hpa II recognizes only the unmethylated CCGG sequence. Two Msp I sites located at −600 and +200 nucleotides, respectively, from the transcriptional initiation site were unmethylated in DNA from the THP-I, whereas these sites were methylated in the one from the HL-60. Treating the HL-60 cells with 1,25-vitamin D3(1,25-(OH)2D3), which is known to induce monocytic cell differentiation, induce demethylation of the sites, suggesting the methylation status was correlated with the differentiation stages of monocytes.
Antidiuretic Hormone Changes with Acute Increased Intracranial pressure {ICP}

Clinical SIADH and DI are seen with changes of ICP in acute encephalopathies. Changes in serum ADH {RIS} were correlated with direct measurements of ICP with a Richmond screw transducer, in 9 patients with Reye's syndrome. Serum ADH measured by method of Skowsky, with bentonite extraction to remove vasopressin from specimen. Extracts were resuspended in phosphate buffer & measured by RIA, utilizing 125I-AVP {2500 PM}, 100 ul. {Normal ADH x ± 2 SD = -.1 to 3.54 uIU/ml}. All patients were in stage III or IV & had clinical & laboratory ADH alterations. ICP changes corresponded with serum ADH changes. Patients in stage I & II showed no clinical or laboratory ADH changes. SIADH is seen initially with serum ADH & ICP measurement rising together. Sustained increased ICP leads to DI, decreased serum ADH & a poor prognosis. Increased ICP may be associated with direct hypothalamic effects producing changes in ADH & appropriate correlated clinical syndrome.
Slack Allocation and Routing to Improve FPGA Timing While Repairing Short-Path Violations

This paper presents the first published algorithm to simultaneously optimize both short- and long-path timing in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA): the routing cost valleys (RCV) algorithm. RCV consists of the following two components: a new slack-allocation algorithm that determines both a minimum and a maximum delay budget for each circuit connection and a new router that strives to meet and, if possible, surpass these connection-delay constraints. RCV improves both long- and short-path timing slacks significantly versus an earlier computer-aided design system, showing the importance of an integrated approach that simultaneously optimizes considering both types of timing constraints. It is able to meet long- and short-path timing constraints on all 157 peripheral component interconnect cores tested, while an earlier algorithm failed to achieve timing on 75% of the cores. Even in cases where there are no short-path timing constraints, RCV outperforms a state-of-the-art FPGA router and improves the maximum clock speed of circuits by an average of 3.2% (and up to 24.7%).
Radical Anions and Radical Cations Derived from Compounds Containing CC, CO or CN Groups

1 Introduction 2 Radical Ions of >CO Containing Compounds 3 Radical Ions of >CC< Containing Compounds 4 Radical Ions of >CN Containing Compounds 5 Closing Remarks 6 Acknowledgment Keywords: radical ions of >CO containing compounds; radical anions of carbonyl-containing compounds; single electron transfer (SET); cyclization of ketyl anion; cyclization of ketyl anions onto allyl sulfides; oxidative C–C bond-forming reactions; electrochemical or PIET oxidation of compounds; SmI2-induced coupling of imines
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Pregnant Long Evans Rats: Disposition to Maternal and Embryo/Fetal Tissues

Prenatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) interferes with fetal development at doses lower than those causing overt toxicity in adult animals. In a multigeneration study (Murray et al., 1979), female rats that were administered 0.01 microgram TCDD/kg/day in their diet did not experience reduced fertility; however, reduced fertility was seen in the F1 and F2 generations. Exposure to TCDD during development produces alterations in the reproductive system of the developing pups, such as delayed puberty and reduced sperm counts in males (Mably et al., 1992a; Gray et al., 1995) and malformations in the external genitalia of females (Gray and Ostby, 1995). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine maternal and fetal tissue concentrations of TCDD that are associated with the adverse reproductive effects seen by Gray and co-workers. Pregnant Long Evans rats received a single oral dose of 1.15 micrograms [3H]TCDD/kg on Gestation Day (GD) 8 and maternal as well as fetal tissue concentrations of TCDD were measured on GD9, GD16, and GD21. On GD9, the highest level of TCDD localized in the maternal liver (25.1% dose). In addition, the amount reaching all the embryos on GD9 was 0.01% of the administered dose, which resulted in a concentration of 0.02% dose/g. The amount of TCDD reaching the fetal compartment (fetuses + placentas) increased to 0.12% dose/tissue on GD16 and 0.71% by GD21. The concentration of TCDD within the fetal compartment (0.01% dose/g) on GD16 was comparable to that found in the maternal blood and spleen. Concentrations of TCDD in a single embryo/fetus were 39.6, 18.1, and 22.1 pg/g on GD9, GD16, and GD21, respectively. Estimates of hepatic half-life of elimination in pregnant rats suggested that TCDD may be eliminated faster in pregnant LE rats. Therefore, measurements of biliary elimination were made in pregnant and nonpregnant LE rats to compare rates of metabolism; however, biliary elimination of TCDD is not affected by pregnancy. In conclusion, this dose administered during a critical period of organogenesis causes adverse effects on the developing reproductive system of rodents. This dose produced a body burden of 22.1 pg TCDD/g within a single fetus on GD21. This indicates that low-level TCDD exposure during the perinatal stage of life can produce adverse effects within the developing pups.
Attributing intentions to random motion engages the posterior superior temporal sulcus

The right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) is a neural region involved in assessing the goals and intentions underlying the motion of social agents. Recent research has identified visual cues, such as chasing, that trigger animacy detection and intention attribution. When readily available in a visual display, these cues reliably activate the pSTS. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined if attributing intentions to random motion would likewise engage the pSTS. Participants viewed displays of four moving circles and were instructed to search for chasing or mirror-correlated motion. On chasing trials, one circle chased another circle, invoking the percept of an intentional agent; while on correlated motion trials, one circle’s motion was mirror reflected by another. On the remaining trials, all circles moved randomly. As expected, pSTS activation was greater when participants searched for chasing vs correlated motion when these cues were present in the displays. Of critical importance, pSTS activation was also greater when participants searched for chasing compared to mirror-correlated motion when the displays in both search conditions were statistically identical random motion. We conclude that pSTS activity associated with intention attribution can be invoked by top–down processes in the absence of reliable visual cues for intentionality.
A numerical study of the dynamics of the surface grain in a granular chain and the role of gravity

We revisit the dynamical behavior of particles in a chain of spherical elastic grains, where the system is assumed to be placed in such a way that the grains suffer progressive loading as function of depth due to the presence of the gravitational acceleration g. Here we address, for the first time, the dynamics of the surface grain in this rather well studied problem (see [R.S. Sinkovits, S. Sen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 2686; J. Hong, J.Y. Ji, H. Kim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 3058]) and make predictions that may be verified experimentally by monitoring the dynamics of a single edge grain. When g ! 0, the surface grain dynamics can be associated with the problem of propagation of solitary waves in the chain. When g > 0, the dynamics of the surface grain turns out to be dramatically different, reflective of the very different dynamics exhibited by the grains in a gravitationally loaded chain. As we shall see, these studies provide a necessary first step towards developing an understanding of a difficult but important problem in physics and engineering — namely, the dynamics of the surface grains of a gravitationally loaded close-packed granular bed. c 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Expression and endocytosis of VEGF and its receptors in human colonic vascular endothelial cells

Normal human colonic microvascular endothelial cells (HUCMEC) have been isolated from surgical specimens by their adherence to Ulex europaeus agglutinin bound to magnetic dynabeads that bind α-l-fu...
Methods for the computation of geoid undulations from potential coefficients

The undulations of the geoid may be computed from spherical harmonic potential coefficients of the earth’s gravitational field. This paper examines three procedures that reflect various points of view on how this computation should be carried out. One method requires only the flattening of a reference ellipsoid to be defined while the other two methods require a complete definition of the parameters of the ellipsoid. It was found that the various methods give essentially the same undulations provided that correct parameters are chosen for the reference ellipsoid. A discussion is given on how these parameters are chosen and numerical results are reported using recent potential coefficient determinations.
An economic model for end-of-life management of printed circuit boards

The end-of-life (EOL) management of electronic products is of great concern not only to governmental agencies but also to OEM's with legislations coming into place. This paper describes the activities involved in the EOL management of printed circuit boards and its recycling process. The various activities are classified into activity centers and the economic model is built upon. The proposed economic model is divided into cost and energy models respectively. The purpose of this model is to apportion costs to the outputs obtained after recycling accurately and also give a clear picture of the energy consumption utilized by the recycling process. This model can aid PCB recycling companies in their process optimization and their EOL strategies by providing accurate picture of cost and energy consumptions.
Detection of brain herniation with spectral coherence analysis of somatosensory evoked potentials

Brain herniation was induced in a rat model by expansion of a balloon in the epidural space. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) from median nerve stimulation were recorded on the cranium and analyzed with spectral coherence algorithm. Post-experimental MRI evaluation of the brains was correlated to coherence analysis results.
Femur-Marrow Fat of White-Tailed Deer Fawns Killed by Wolves

Abstract I present marrow fat (MF) data from a large sample of white-tailed deer fawns killed by wolves and a sample of fawns that died by accident in a single area, and I use these data to explore the extent that poor nutritional condition may have predisposed fawns to wolf predation. Percent MF of 110 5–10-month-old white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns killed by wolves (Canis lupus) from November through April 1984–2002 in northeastern Minnesota, USA, was lower than MF for 23 fawns killed by accidents in the same area and period. The MF of both male and female wolf-killed fawns decreased over winter. The MF of male fawns decreased as a snow-depth index increased, but MF of females showed little relationship to the snow-depth index and was higher than that of males. Poor nutritional condition is one factor that predisposes deer fawns to wolf predation during winter and spring. This information expands our knowledge of wolf–prey relations by documenting that, even with younger prey animals tha...
DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF BLAST FURNACE SMELTING

The solution of a problem of mathematical description of heat exchange, gas dynamics and the physicochemical phenomena taking place in blast furnace in their correlations, and some its application for study of processes, defining reduction of metals from multicomponent iron ores are considered.
Field validation of ‘SUTRA’ groundwater flow model to Lambton County, Ontario, Canada

A computer simulation model (SUTRA) is applied to the Fresh Water Aquifer of Lambton County, Ontario, Canada. The model is calibrated by matching computed hydraulic heads with observed hydraulic heads. The heads are compared using statistical methods. The model indicates that virtually all of the water flowing through the Fresh Water Aquifer discharges to the St Clair River and Lake Huron. Discharge of groundwater from the Canadian side of the Fresh Water Aquifer is calculated to be between 0.45 and 0.50 m3/sec for that portion of the river between Lake Huron and Stag Island.
The Course of 253 Analyses from Selection to Outcome

Two studies of the clinical work of experienced psychoanalysts are presented. Study I is a retrospective study of all the analytic work--161 cases--of sixteen analysts from 1973 to 1977, including their evaluations of the treatments at outcome. Study II is a prospective study of the ninety-two cases started in analysis by a group of twenty analysts between 1984 and 1989 and followed to termination, including their reports. The history of each treatment as reported and evaluated by the analyst is examined in terms of: nature of the population, the analyst's view of the case when the initial recommendation was made, duration of treatment, therapeutic benefit, rating of analyzability at termination of treatment, nature of the termination, and cases changed to psychotherapy. Some old shibboleths are challenged as perspective on both the limitations and achievements of psychoanalysis emerges from the findings of the study.
Laser-induced fluorescence imaging of subsurface tissue structures with a volume holographic spatial-spectral imaging system

A three-dimensional imaging system incorporating multiplexed holographic gratings to visualize fluorescence tissue structures is presented. Holographic gratings formed in volume recording materials such as a phenanthrenquinone poly(methyl methacrylate) photopolymer have narrowband angular and spectral transmittance filtering properties that enable obtaining spatial-spectral information within an object. We demonstrate this imaging system's ability to obtain multiple depth-resolved fluorescence images simultaneously.
ACT AND POTENCY IN WITTGENSTEIN

The philosophy of language pioneered by Ludwig Wittgenstein, far from being inimical to the metaphysical concerns of philosophy, can be understood as complementing and perhaps even deepening the approach to metaphysics first employed by the Belgian Jesuit philosopher Joseph Marechal: a ‘metaphysics of knowledge’ illuminating the deeper-than-conceptualist movement in the thought of Thomas Aquinas. The relationship of words and reality was radically reconfigured in the linguistic turn inaugurated in the work of Wittgenstein, but that work itself still presupposes what might be called the existential act of judgement, which was the foundation of Marechal's Thomistic retrieval.
Counterculture or Continuity? Competing Influences on Baby Boomers' Religious Orientations and Participation

The presumed attractiveness of countercultural orientations to young, educated, baby boomers led many scholars to proclaim the 1960s counterculture as the driving force behind declining religious participation, and a supposed growing distaste for biblical religion. In contrast, theories of religious behavior predict substantial continuity in religious orientations and commitments. Social ties and life course events influence religious beliefs and rates of participation, yet these ties and transitions often support traditional religious expressions. The author integrates insights from studies of baby boomer religion with more general theories of religious commitment, merging theories of the dual nature of social structures with rational choice perspectives on religious behavior. Using data from the 1965-1982 Youth Parent Socialization Panel Study he analyzes the relative influence of three factors on baby boomers' religious orientations and participation : (1) traditional agents of socialization (denominations, parents, and schools); (2) life course factors (marriage, divorce, and childrearing); and, (3) participation in the protest movements of the 1960s and early 1970s - a widely cited countercultural protagonist of religious change. He also demonstrates how prior religious orientations directed participation in the counterculture. The analyses show that traditional socialization agents, life course factors, and countercultural participation all play a role in directing future religious orientations and commitments. However, traditional socialization factors have a dominant influence on future religious beliefs and participation
Transplant Organizational Structures: Viewpoints From Established Centers

This personal viewpoint report summarizes the responses of a survey targeting established transplant programs with a structured framework, such as center, institute, or department, and stability of leadership to assure valuable experiential observations. The 18-item survey was sent to 20 US institutions that met inclusion criteria. The response rate was 100%. Seventeen institutions had a distinct transplant governance structure. A majority of respondents perceived that their type of transplant structure was associated with enhanced recognition within their institution (85%), improved regulatory compliance (85%), transplant volume growth (75%), improved quality outcomes (75%) and increased funding for transplant-related research (75%). The prevailing themes in respondents' remarks were the perceived need for autonomy of the transplant entity, alignment among services and finances and alignment of authority with responsibility. Many respondents suggested that a dialogue be opened about effective transplant infrastructure that overcomes the boundaries of traditional academic department silos.
How can cytoreduction surgery improve the prospects for cancer patients receiving immunotherapy

Cancer, the leading cause of death for people under the age of 85 years in the USA, claims over 1500 lives per day [1,2]. The four most common cancers (lung, colorectal, prostate and breast cancer) account for more than half of total cancer incidences in the USA [2]. The most common cancer therapies are surgery, chemotherapy and radiation [2]. Except for a few chemotherapeutic regimens, surgery is the only definitive treatment available. Unfortunately, surgery has a 40–60% recurrence rate depending on the type of cancer [2]. This high recurrence rate has led to the combination of surgery with traditional therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation. Immunotherapy utilizes the body’s own immune system to target cancer cells. Almost a century ago, it was hypothesized that a tumor can be recognized as foreign by the host and thus the immune system can be effective in eliminating these foreign cells [3]. Since then, the cancer immune response has been confirmed in knockout mice [4] and the exact phases of this mechanism, termed immunoediting, are still being rigorously studied [5]. Immunotherapy is advantageous because of its low toxicity, tumor specificity and ability to potentially produce long-term immunity. Immunotherapy seeks to eliminate cancer through both active and passive approaches [6]. Active immunotherapy utilizes our knowledge of tumor antigen expression and exploits endogenous, immunological processes of T-cell induction to eliminate the tumor [7]. Regardless of the modality, the primary goal of active immunotherapy is to prime and induce antigen-specific T-cell responses in order to eradicate residual disease and prevent postoperative recurrences. On the other hand, passive immunotherapy involves the use of immunologically active agents that are capable of exerting anti-tumor effects independently from the host’s immune system [7]. Such passive approaches include adoptive T-cell transfer techniques, which involve ex vivo amplification and reintroduction of autologous cytokine-induced killer or lymphokine-activated killer cells [7]. Various mechanisms by which immunotherapy reduces tumor burden have been elucidated, including increased intratumoral neutrophils, enhanced CD8 T-cell trafficking and decreased vasculature of the tumor [8,9].
Abstract 156: Angiotensin Ii Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Engraftment Efficacy

INTRODUCTION: Emerging evidence indicates that differentiation and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) are critical in the development and establishment of hypertension-linked vascular pathophysiology. This, coupled with the intimate involvement of a hyperactive renin-angiontensin system in hypertension, led us to propose the hypothesis that chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion would regulate HSC proliferation and differentiation at the bone marrow level. METHODS: 1) Ang II was chronically infused into C57BL6 mice using mini-osmotic pumps (1500ng/kg/min) for 3 weeks. This resulted in an increase in MAP of 45mmHg. Bone marrow, peripheral blood and splenocytes from control and Ang II-treated mice were analyzed using FACS. 2) 0.5-3 X10 4 GFP + Sca-1 + , c-Kit + , Lin - (SKL) HSC were pre-incubated with Ang II for 24h in vitro (100μg/ml), rinsed and injected into lethally irradiated C57BL6 mice. Donor derived GFP + cells were analyzed by FACS and histology to evaluate engraftment efficiency. RESULTS: We observed a 32% decrease of HSCs in the bone marrow of Ang II treated mice. In addition, there was an 29-52% increase in the number of CX3CR1+/Gr-1- monocyte in the peripheral blood and spleen. These changes in HSC and myeloid cells were blocked by co-treatment of Losartan (60mg/kg/day, ip injection). Next, we investigated if Ang II affects HSC homing and engraftment efficacy, which are critical steps in successful bone marrow transplantation. We observed a significant delay of the homing GFP+ SKL cells that were pre-treated with Ang II in lethally irradiated recipient mice. In addition, the SKL cells treated with Ang II failed to efficiently engraft to the innate osteoblastic niche. Consistent with this observation, colony formation unit-Spleen (CFU-S) in the Ang II infused recipients was reduced to 65% compared to control mice. CONCLUSION: These observations demonstrate that hypertension induced by chronic Ang II infusion significantly impairs the engraftment ability of HSC in the bone marrow, which appears to be mediated by the AT1R on HSC and that Ang II accelerates HSC differentiation into myeloid lineage. These multifaceted roles of Ang II indicate that Ang II acts as an important regulator of HSC in the bone marrow.
Comparison of Ova Yolk with Egg Yolk

Abstract Yolk from the ova of mature hens (ova yolk) was evaluated chemically, physically, and functionally. The ova yolk contained the same proportions of moisture, solids, protein, fat, ash, and cholesterol as conventional egg yolk material. Average yield from birds with recoverable ova was 48.00 g. Mean ovum size was 12.68 g. Mean yield of ova yolk from intact ova was 89.05%. The emulsifying capacity of ova yolk was similar to that of conventional egg yolk. We were unable to demonstrate differences in the chemical, physical, or functional properties of ova yolk due to size of the ovum.
Stagnation, Employment, and Income Distribution

This chapter discusses a major economic problem facing modern policy. The economy’s performance in terms of growth and job creation has tapered off compared to mid-20th century results. Evidence is provided that suggest a possible stagnation tendency gripping the economy. The chapter lays out various ideas about why this may be true, and highlights the issue of employment and income distribution. The chapter discusses how policymakers may respond to the economic stagnation challenge and identifies four basic responses policymakers can take. The chapter ends with the claim that the economy’s performance since the early 1990s lies somewhere between robustness and outright stagnation. The political effects of this level of performance are then examined.
The Conformal Camera in Modeling Active Binocular Vision

Primate vision is an active process that constructs a stable internal representation of the 3D world based on 2D sensory inputs that are inherently unstable due to incessant eye movements. We present here a mathematical framework for processing visual information for a biologically-mediated active vision stereo system with asymmetric conformal cameras. This model utilizes the geometric analysis on the Riemann sphere developed in the group-theoretic framework of the conformal camera, thus far only applicable in modeling monocular vision. The asymmetric conformal camera model constructed here includes the fovea’s asymmetric displacement on the retina and the eye’s natural crystalline lens tilt and decentration, as observed in ophthalmological diagnostics. We extend the group-theoretic framework underlying the conformal camera to the stereo system with asymmetric conformal cameras. Our numerical simulation shows that the theoretical horopter curves in this stereo system are conics that well approximate the empirical longitudinal horopters of the primate vision system.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Mild Elevations in Pulmonary Arterial Systolic Pressure Are Associated with Increased Mortality in Adult Patients with Sickle Cell Disease.

Abstract 1539 Poster Board I-562 Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has recently been shown to be an important predictor of prognosis in sickle cell disease (SCD). We studied this association in a large population of adults with SCD. Methods and Results 215 patients with sickle cell syndromes in whom echoes had been performed, 113 as outpatients and 102 as inpatients, were identified from our database. Clinical characteristics were analyzed, and survival data were extracted from a national mortality registry. At the time of examination, subjects were 39 ± 14 years old, with hematocrits (Hcts) of 23.6 ± 4.4. 78 out of 213 patients who had undergone echoes had PAH (PASP ≥ 40 mmHg) on echocardiogram. Those patients were older (41 ± 15 vs 37 ± 13 years, p=0.03), had higher creatinine values (1.3 vs 0.9 mg/dL, p=0.01) higher serum alkaline phosphatase levels (172.2 ± 23.2 vs 104.5 ± 5.5 U/L, p=.0058), and were more often taking anti-hypertensive medications (38 vs 17%, p<0.001). During a median follow-up of 7.8 years [interquartile range (IR); 3.9, 10.0] there were 30 deaths. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, PAH (hazard ratio (HR) 11.3; 95% CI 2.7, 47.9), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (HR 17.0; 95% CI 3.7, 79.1, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR, of <60 cc/min/1.73 m2) and hyperbilirubinemia (HR 13.1; 95% CI 2.0, 83.9) independently predicted mortality after adjustment for inpatient/outpatient status, age, sex, blood counts, measurement of chamber size and ventricular function on echocardiogram, oxygen saturation, history of transfusion and background medical therapy. The association of PAH and mortality was not modified by inpatient/outpatient status (p=0.6). Conclusion In a community-based academic center, we found that mild elevation in PASP on echocardiogram, whenever obtained (see figure), depressions in eGFR (see figure), and hyperbilirubinemia were highly predictive for mortality in sickle cell disease. It is unclear whether these relationships are causal or an epiphenomenon of severe underlying disease. Hemolysis (lower Hcts, higher Lactate dehydrogenase levels), implicated in other studies, was not prominent in the PAH cohort. ![][1] Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: pending:yes
Long-term depression is reliably induced in rats at 30 days of age

Previously we showed that long-term depression (LTD, a lasting diminishment in synaptic strength) can be reliably induced in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of both adult and 2-week old freely moving rats. Results from these studies indicated both age- and frequency-dependent alterations in the frequency response profile of the perforant path/dentate gyrus synapse. In the present study, we designed experiments to assess whether these frequency-response changes are sustained over the extent of time spanning the perinatal period and early adulthood. Dentate evoked field potentials were recorded and analyzed using the population spike amplitude (PSA) measure following sustained stimulation (900 pulses) of the lateral perforant pathway at various frequencies. Preliminary results suggest that LTD can reliably be induced in the 30-day old freely moving rat, and that such LTD is frequency dependent. These preliminary results, although representative of only 5 animals, appear to be consistent with our previously published findings of frequency and age effects on LTD transition to long-term potentiation (LTP) in the freely moving rat model.
Endocannabinoids concentrations in plasma associated with feed efficiency and carcass composition of beef steers

Endocannabinoids, including anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), are a class of endogenous lipid mediators that activate cannabinoids receptors and may be involved in the control of feed intake and energy metabolism. The objective of this study was to quantify AEA and 2-AG in plasma and identify possible associations with production traits and carcass composition in finishing beef steers. Individual DMI and BW gain were measured on 140 Angus-sired steers for 105 d on a finishing ration. Blood samples were collected on d 84 of the experiment, which was 40 d before slaughter. Variables were analyzed using Pearson CORR procedure of SAS. Mean endocannabinoid concentrations in plasma were 4.48 ± 1.82 ng/mL and 0.44 ± 0.24 ng/mL for AEA and 2-AG, respectively. The AEA concentration was positively correlated with G:F ratio (r = 0.20; P = 0.02), indicating that more efficient animals had greater AEA plasma concentrations. In addition, AEA concentration tended to be negatively correlated with the 12th rib fat thickness (r = -0.17; P = 0.07); but no correlation was found with USDA–calculated yield grade (r = -0.14; P = 0.11), or marbling score (r = 0.05; P = 0.54). The concentration of 2-AG was positively correlated with AEA (r = 0.21; P = 0.01); however, 2-AG concentration was not correlated with parameters of feed efficiency or carcass composition. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report plasma concentration of endocannabinoids in steers. These results provide evidence that plasma concentration of a key endocannabinoid, AEA, was favorably correlated with feed efficiency and fat thickness in finishing steers.
Differential effects of minocycline on microglial activation and neurodegeneration following closed head injury in the neonate rat.

Abstract The role of microglia in the pathophysiology of injury to the developing brain has been extensively studied. In children under the age of 4 who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI), markers of microglial/macrophage activation were increased in the cerebrospinal fluid and were associated with worse neurologic outcome. Minocycline is an antibiotic that decreases microglial/macrophage activation following hypoxic-ischemia in neonatal rodents and TBI in adult rodents thereby reducing neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits. In study 1, 11-day-old rats received an impact to the intact skull and were treated for 3 days with minocycline. Immediately following termination of minocycline administration, microglial reactivity was reduced in the cortex and hippocampus (p