cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sedimentation of Reversibly Interacting Macromolecules with Changes in Fluorescence Quantum Yield.

Abstract Sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation with fluorescence detection has emerged as a powerful method for the study of interacting systems of macromolecules. It combines picomolar sensitivity with high hydrodynamic resolution, and can be carried out with photoswitchable fluorophores for multicomponent discrimination, to determine the stoichiometry, affinity, and shape of macromolecular complexes with dissociation equilibrium constants from picomolar to micromolar. A popular approach for data interpretation is the determination of the binding affinity by isotherms of weight-average sedimentation coefficients s w . A prevailing dogma in sedimentation analysis is that the weight-average sedimentation coefficient from the transport method corresponds to the signal- and population-weighted average of all species. We show that this does not always hold true for systems that exhibit significant signal changes with complex formation—properties that may be readily encountered in practice, e.g., from a change in fluorescence quantum yield. Coupled transport in the reaction boundary of rapidly reversible systems can make significant contributions to the observed migration in a way that cannot be accounted for in the standard population-based average. Effective particle theory provides a simple physical picture for the reaction-coupled migration process. On this basis, we develop a more general binding model that converges to the well-known form of s w with constant signals, but can account simultaneously for hydrodynamic cotransport in the presence of changes in fluorescence quantum yield. We believe this will be useful when studying interacting systems exhibiting fluorescence quenching, enhancement, or Forster resonance energy transfer with transport methods.
"Demands, Resources, and Strain: The Unique Contribution of Illegitimate Tasks"

Illegitimate tasks represent a new conceptualization of a work stressor. Tasks perceived to be unnecessary or unreasonable are illegitimate to the extent that they threaten occupational identity by...
II-VI Heterostructures and Multi-Quantum Wells

The ability to fabricate epitaxial layers of II–VI semiconductors has made it possible to circumvent the doping difficulties of II–VI semiconductors and to fabricate visible light emitters. Heteroep it axial structures are one of the promising approaches. The more interesting cases involve heavy strain and require particular values of the band offsets. We review recent work on CdTe/ZnTe and ZnSe/ZnTe multiquantum well structures.
Suspect screening of maternal serum to identify new environmental chemical biomonitoring targets using liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The use and advantages of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) as a discovery tool for environmental chemical monitoring has been demonstrated for environmental samples but not for biological samples. We developed a method using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight MS (LC-QTOF/MS) for discovery of previously unmeasured environmental chemicals in human serum. Using non-targeted data acquisition (full scan MS analysis) we were able to screen for environmental organic acids (EOAs) in 20 serum samples from second trimester pregnant women. We define EOAs as environmental organic compounds with at least one dissociable proton which are utilized in commerce. EOAs include environmental phenols, phthalate metabolites, perfluorinated compounds, phenolic metabolites of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls, and acidic pesticides and/or predicted acidic pesticide metabolites. Our validated method used solid phase extraction, reversed-phase chromatography in a C18 column with gradient elution, electrospray ionization in negative polarity and automated tandem MS (MS/MS) data acquisition to maximize true positive rates. We identified "suspect EOAs" using Agilent MassHunter Qualitative Analysis software, to match chemical formulas generated from each sample run with molecular formulas in our unique database of 693 EOAs assembled from multiple environmental literature sources. We found potential matches for 282 (41%) of the EOAs in our database. Sixty-five of these suspect EOAs were detected in at least 75% of the samples; only 19 of these compounds are currently biomonitored in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We confirmed two of three suspect EOAs by LC-QTOF/MS using a targeted method developed through LC-MS/MS, reporting the first confirmation of benzophenone-1 and bisphenol S in pregnant women's sera. Our suspect screening workflow provides an approach to comprehensively scan environmental chemical exposures in humans. This can provide a better source of exposure information to help improve exposure and risk evaluation of industrial chemicals.
The Ebola Epidemic and Cholera Outbreak and The International Response

Infectious diseases are responsible for 15 million of the 57 million deaths worldwide despite the remarkable discoveries of antibiotics and vaccines. Many individuals succumb to microbial diseases in poor and less-developed countries where these preventive and therapeutic modalities are not available. Furthermore these less fortunate countries do not have the resources or public health infrastructure to combat unforeseen and explosive outbreaks. Two relatively recent outbreaks are reviewed in this article; the Ebola epidemic in West Africa and the cholera outbreak in Haiti. This outbreak of cholera, in a country of only 7.8 million inhabitants, is one of the largest ever recorded worldwide. Early intervention by international health organizations is critical to curtail and ultimately control infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics. This responsibility, especially for less-developed countries, lies in the hands of the United Nations and World Health Organization. Unfortunately, the international response from the UN and WHO was slow, cumbersome and poorly coordinated both in West Africa and Haiti.
Intraoperative vasoplegia: methylene blue to the rescue!

Purpose of reviewTo evaluate the efficacy, dosing, and safety of methylene blue (MTB) in perioperative vasoplegic syndrome (VS).Recent findingsVasoplegic syndrome is a state of persistent hypotension with elevated cardiac output, low filling pressures, and low systemic vascular resistance (SVR). It
The Shift to Same-Day Outpatient Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background Hip and knee arthroplasties length of stay continues to shorten after advances in perioperative and intraoperative management, as well as financial incentives. Some authors have demonstrated good results with outpatient arthroplasty, but safety and general feasibility of such procedures remain unclear. Our hypothesis is that outpatient arthroplasty would demonstrate higher readmission and complication rates than inpatient arthroplasty. Methods We performed a systematic review of all publications on outpatient arthroplasty between January 1, 2000 and June 1, 2016. Included publications had to demonstrate a specific outpatient protocol and have reported perioperative complications and unplanned readmissions. Patient demographics, surgical variables, and protocol details were recorded in addition to complications, readmission, and reoperation. Results Ten manuscripts accounting for 1009 patients demonstrated that 955 (94.7%) were discharged the same day as planned, with the majority of failures to discharge being secondary to pain, hypotension, and nausea. There were no deaths and only 1 major complication. Only 20 patients (1.98%) required reoperation and 20 (1.98%) had readmission or visited the emergency room within 90 days of their operation. In the 2 series recording patient outcomes, 80% and 96% of patients reported that they would choose to undergo outpatient arthroplasty again. Conclusion For carefully selected patients with experienced surgeons in major centers, outpatient arthroplasty may be a safe and effective procedure. Although our data is promising, further study is required to better elucidate the differences between inpatient and outpatient arthroplasty outcomes.
Learning: Plasticity without Stabilization in Olfactory Cortex

Summary A new study reports unsupervised, experience-dependent reorganization, but not stabilization, of neural odor representations in the zebrafish olfactory system.
Rebalancing Rights and Duties of States and Investors

The debate over rebalancing the rights and duties of states and investors requires a broader view of the actors implicated in investment disputes. Rebalancing also requires addressing asymmetries apparent in the legal mechanisms of accountability.
Phase 2 trial of bortezomib in combination with rituximab plus hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with bortezomib, rituximab, methotrexate, and cytarabine for untreated mantle cell lymphoma.

Background Although the outcomes of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) have improved, there is still no cure. Bortezomib has a 33% response rate in relapsed/refractory MCL and has shown additive and/or synergistic effects in preclinical trials with known effective agents. Methods This is a report of a prospective phase 2 trial of bortezomib added to rituximab plus hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (BzR-hyperCVAD)/rituximab, high-dose methotrexate, and high-dose cytarabine (BzR-MA) for 95 patients with newly diagnosed MCL. Results The overall and complete response rates were 100% and 82%, respectively. Hematologic toxicity was high but expected and did not lead to an increased incidence of neutropenic fever or dose reductions in comparison with a similar reported regimen without bortezomib. After a median follow-up of 44 months, the median overall survival had not been reached, and the time to treatment failure (TTF) was 55 months, which is not different from that of historical controls. Conclusions BzR-hyperCVAD/BzR-MA at the dose and schedule studied produced high rates of response and a TTF similar to that of historical reports without bortezomib. Cancer 2018;124:2561-9. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
An assessment of patient burdens from head and neck cancer survivorship care.

Abstract Objectives To assess head and neck cancer (HNC) patients’ perspectives on the value and burdens of routine cancer follow-up care. Materials and methods Data was obtained from HNC patients (n = 100) at an urban, tertiary head and neck cancer clinic. A novel 15-question survey tool evaluated the logistic, financial, and psychosocial burdens associated with clinic visits. The clinical characteristics and survey responses of demographic groups were analyzed with comparative statistics. Linear regression modeling was utilized to identify predictors of overall stress. Results A majority of study participants were male (74%), white (83%), and had histories of tobacco (77%) and alcohol (77%) use. Most participants were satisfied with the frequency of their office visits (75%). Patients with laryngeal cancer, advanced stage disease, or who underwent multimodality therapy more often desired increased appointment frequency. These patients also rated the burdens of travel cost and overall stress higher, compared to patients desiring visits less often (41.5% vs 28.4%, p = 0.047 and 46.6% vs 38.3%, p = 0.003, respectively). Travel stress was associated with highest overall stress (beta 0.6, CI: 0.4, 0.7). Conclusion The HNC survivor population is uniquely disenfranchised in several social and economic ways. While most patients are satisfied with their follow-up care, a significant subset of patients – those with limited social support, high financial stress, functional deficits, and those with transportation burdens – desire more frequent care. Survivorship care plans should incorporate the perspectives of current survivors.
Summary: Where Do Solitons Go from Here?

When Alan Bishop asked me to help organize this symposium, he gave me two very difficult tasks. The first was to obtain travel support money from the National Science Foundation to assist the U.S. participants. The completion of this task was made possible largely due to the efforts of John Connolly and Lew Nosanow in the Division of Materials Science at NSF. These gentlemen realized the importance of the symposium and worked very hard to insure that a decision on the travel proposal would be made in time. We are all indebted to them and the National Science Foundation without whose generous assistance this symposium would not have been possible.
Expert and Novice Performance: Implications for Clinical Training

Studies of advanced expertise development in a number of areas are reviewed in order to provide general suggestions about the elements of clinical training that might enhance counseling and educational psychology expertise. The emphasis of the discussion is on the connections between classroom instruction and practicum or internship experiences. Recommendations include changes in the sequencing, context, knowledge content, practice conditions, and motivational support provided to students.
An isothermal etchback-regrowth method for high-efficiency Ga/1-x/Al/x/As-GaAs solar cells

High-efficiency p-Ga(1-x)Al(x)As, p-GaAs, n-GaAs solar cells are made by isothermally soaking n-GaAs substrates in an undersaturated Zn-doped Ga-Al-As melt. This one-step growth procedure produces a graded band gap p-Ga(1-x)Al(x)As layer 0.2-0.4 micron thick. Efficiencies of 18.5% AM0 and 21.9% AM1 have been measured.
Analyzing 2000 in Vivo Drug Delivery Data Points Reveals Cholesterol Structure Impacts Nanoparticle Delivery

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are formulated using unmodified cholesterol. However, cholesterol is naturally esterified and oxidized in vivo, and these cholesterol variants are differentially trafficked in vivo via lipoproteins including LDL and VLDL. We hypothesized that incorporating the same cholesterol variants into LNPs—which can be structurally similar to LDL and VLDL—would alter nanoparticle targeting in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we quantified how >100 LNPs made with six cholesterol variants delivered DNA barcodes to 18 cell types in wild-type, LDLR–/–, and VLDLR–/– mice that were both age-matched and female. By analyzing ∼2000 in vivo drug delivery data points, we found that LNPs formulated with esterified cholesterol delivered nucleic acids more efficiently than LNPs formulated with regular or oxidized cholesterol when compared across all tested cell types in the mouse. We also identified an LNP containing cholesteryl oleate that efficiently delivered siRNA and sgRNA to liver endothelial cells ...
The Influence of the Great Recession on Racial Attitudes Among Non-Hispanic Whites in the United States

The focus of our study is to understand the effects of the 2008–2009 economic recession on the racial attitudes of non-Hispanic whites using consumer sentiment as an indicator of economic stress associated with the recession. We use 2006, 2008, and 2010 cross-sectional data from the General Social Survey, and we limit our analysis to respondents who identified themselves as non-Hispanic whites to test our theory that the recession heightened racial attitudes among whites. Our results indicate that after the recession (but not before), consumer sentiment becomes negatively associated with the probability that non-Hispanic whites agree with the view that the USA is spending too much on improving the living conditions of Blacks. This is in sharp contrast to the positive relationship we find between consumer sentiment and white’s support for the view that the USA is spending too much on national defense during the same time period. Overall, we conclude that the Great Recession did affect the racial attitudes of whites and that consumer sentiment is a strong predictor of policy preferences that cue race. Our results have implications for scholars interested in how the Great Recession heightened racial attitudes and influenced the policy decisions of whites.
Changes in access to care and financial hardship associated with Affordable Care Act (ACA) implementation for cancer survivors aged 19-64 years.

6565Background: In 2014, as part of the ACA implementation, Medicaid eligibility was expanded in over half of states and insurance marketplaces were created in all states, with premium subsidies fo...
Bayesian Damage Identification Using Strain Data from Lock Gates

Damage identification plays a significant role in the maintenance of navigation locks, which are part of the United States’ $500B replacement value in inland waterway infrastructure; maritime transport disruption for closed lock gates causes substantial economic and utility losses. Lock gates are normally instrumented with strain gauges, and one of the critical failure modes is the development of a gap between the supporting wall and gate, initiating from quoin and/or pintle part wear. This gap leads to undesirable load distributions that can induce gate failure by overload. The probability of damage exceedance from different values affects repair strategies. This work uses Bayesian inference to identify that damage. The input features are raw strain data, while the loading is assumed unknown. The inherent uncertainty in measurements and model assumptions result in a posterior distribution of parameters of damage such as gap size and location. The results show that the true parameter of damage, which is used to generate simulated data, could be predicted using the posterior.
A conjoint analysis of preference heterogeneity among day and overnight visitors to the Okefenokee Wilderness.

The purpose of this study is to examine preference heterogeneity among day non-motorized, day motorized and overnight visitors to the Okefenokee Wilderness using conjoint analysis. Study results su...
Stability of push-pull small molecule donors for organic photovoltaics: Spectroscopic degradation of acceptor endcaps on benzo[1,2-: B:4,5-b ]dithiophene cores

High efficiency organic photovoltaic devices have relied on the development of new donor and acceptor materials to optimize opto-electronic properties, promote free carrier generation, and suppress recombination losses. With single junction efficiencies exceeding 15%, materials development must now target long-term stability. This work focuses on the photobleaching dynamics and degradation chemistries of a class of small molecule donors inspired by benzodithiophene terthiophene cores (BDT-3T) with rhodanine endcaps, which have demonstrated 9% efficiency in single junction devices and >11% in ternary cells. Density functional theory was used to design three additional molecules with similar synthetic pathways and opto-electronic properties by simply changing the electron accepting endcap to benzothiazoleacetonitrile, pyrazolone, or barbituric acid functional groups. This new class of semiconductors with equivalent redox properties enables systematic investigation into photobleaching dynamics under white light illumination in air. Degradation chemistries are assessed via unique spectroscopic signatures for the BDT-3T cores and the endcaps using photoelectron spectroscopies. We show that the pyrazolone undergoes significant degradation due to ring opening, resulting in complete bleaching of the chromophore. The barbituric and rhodanine endcap molecules have moderate stability, while the benzothiazoleacetonitrile group produces the most stable chromophore despite undergoing some oxidative degradation. Collectively, our results suggest the following: (i) degradation is not just dependent on redox properties; (ii) core group stability is not independent of the endcap choice; and (iii) future design of high efficiency materials must consider both photo and chemical stability of the molecule as a whole, not just individual donor or acceptor building blocks.
Ethics of HIV and hepatitis B cure research.

Purpose of review Achieving a cure for HIV or hepatitis B virus (HBV) is expected to have a range of salutary effects including eliminating the need for continued treatments, minimizing risk to sexual and injecting partners, reducing prevalence, and decreasing stigma. Nevertheless, conducting research to achieve such laudable goals is necessarily associated with a broad set of ethical challenges. This review aims at describing key findings from selected peer-reviewed literature published in the last 2 years (2018-2019) that enhance understanding of some of these issues. Recent findings A variety of ethical issues in HIV cure research have been informed by recent conceptual and empirical scholarship. These include: analytical treatment interruptions; attitudes towards participation; responsibilities to nonparticipants; consent and terminology; and selected other issues. Summary Understanding of the ethical issues in HIV cure research has been enhanced by sustained normative and empirical scholarship with a range of stakeholders. This work has crucial implications for HBV cure research, but there is also a pressing need for directed work on HBV cure research. In both HIV and HBV cure research, such scholarship promises to help ensure that critically important research efforts are ethically sound.
The effects of focus on scope relations between quantifiers and negation in Korean

This paper addresses the effects of focus-marking (i.e. nun -marking) on the scope of quantified expressions in Korean negation constructions and shows how these inform the analysis of Korean negation constructions generally. Specifically, highlighting the "Rigid Scope" properties of Korean (in contrast with English), focus-marking in Korean negation constructions eliminates quantifier/negative scope ambiguities. In all cases but one, a focus-marked element has scope over all others. The anomalous case involving contrastive focus of object universal quantifiers brings the semantics of quantifiers into opposition with the semantics of contrastive focus.
Well-Differentiated/Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Arising in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: 8 Cases Mimicking Non-adipocytic Lesions

Well-differentiated (WDL) and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DL) of the pharynx, larynx and oral cavity are rare, often mimicking benign lipomatous neoplasms or non-lipogenic mesenchymal tumors. Cases of WDL/DL arising in the upper aerodigestive tract, exclusive of the cervical esophagus, were reviewed. Morphologic features, ancillary studies, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies for CPM/MDM2, and clinical data was catalogued. Eight WDL/DL (4 WDL, 4 DL); were identified in patients ranging from 32 to 77 years (median 52.5 years; 6 males, 2 females) with sites of origin including hypopharynx (5 cases), larynx (2 cases) and oral cavity (1 case). Six of the 8 cases were received for expert consultation, and the remaining 2 cases were initially misdiagnosed as benign lymphangiomatous or fibroepithelial polyps. Morphologically, 4 tumors had areas mimicking various non-lipomatous soft tissue tumors including nodular fasciitis, mammary-type myofibroblastoma, low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, 2 cases simulated benign hypopharyngeal polyps, and 1 lesion was notable for a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate suggestive of hematolymphoid neoplasm or IgG4-related sclerosing disease. FISH showed amplification of CPM/MDM2 (8/8 cases). All cases (4/4) with longer than 1-year of follow-up recurred (45-118 months) with 1 tumor showing progression to DL. WDL/DL presenting in the upper aerodigestive tract are rare and diagnostically challenging. Awareness of the morphologic spectrum of WDL/DL coupled with appropriate use of MDM2 FISH is essential for accurate classification and management, as these tumors appear to have a high risk for local recurrence and eventual dedifferentiation in these anatomical locations.
Application of High-Intensity Functional Resistance Training in a Skilled Nursing Facility: An Implementation Study.

Objective Rehabilitation in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) is under scrutiny to deliver high-quality care and superior outcomes in less time. High-intensity resistance training demonstrates functional improvements in community-dwelling and long-term care populations but has not been generalized to the SNF population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate implementation issues including safety and feasibility and to provide preliminary information on effectiveness of rehabilitation focused on high-intensity functional resistance training in an SNF. Methods The implementation study design consisted of 2 nonrandomized independent groups (usual care and high intensity) that were staged within a single SNF. The i-STRONGER program (IntenSive Therapeutic Rehabilitation for Older Skilled NursinG HomE Residents) integrates principles of physiologic tissue overload into rehabilitation. Physical therapists administered the Short Physical Performance Battery and gait speed at evaluation and discharge. Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance was used to evaluate the implementation process. An observational checklist and documentation audits were used to assess treatment fidelity. Regression analyses evaluated the response of functional change by group. Results No treatment-specific adverse events were reported. Treatment fidelity was high at >99%, whereas documentation varied from 21% to 50%. Patient satisfaction was greater in i-STRONGER, and patient refusals to participate in therapy sessions trended downward in i-STRONGER. Patients in i-STRONGER exhibited a 0.13 m/s greater change in gait speed than in the usual care group. Although not significant, i-STRONGER resulted in a 0.64-point greater change in the Short Physical Performance Battery than usual care, and average SNF length of stay was 3.5 days shorter for i-STRONGER patients. Conclusion The findings from this study indicate that implementation of a high-intensity resistance training framework in SNFs is safe and feasible. Furthermore, results support a signal effectiveness of improving function and satisfaction, although the heterogeneity of the population necessitates a larger implementation study to confirm. Impact statement This pragmatic study demonstrates that high-intensity resistance training in medically complex older adults is safe and favorable in SNFs. This work supports the need to fundamentally change the intensity of rehabilitation provided to this population to promote greater value within post-acute care. Furthermore, this study supports the application of implementation science to rehabilitation for rapid and effective translation of evidence into practice.
Anomalous recurring slope lineae on Mars: Implications for formation mechanisms

Abstract Recurring slope lineae (RSL) on Mars are dark linear features which lengthen and fade seasonfcally. The role of water in the processes responsible for their formation remains undetermined. RSL in close proximity (meters to tens of meters apart) are likely to be expressions of the same underlying processes; therefore, differences in behavior between neighbors can provide new constraints on potential mechanisms for initiation, lengthening and fading. We present observations of anomalous RSL, categorized into three types: early faders, collinear RSL, and those which emerge at featureless locations. We conclude that, given currently proposed processes, our observations favor a highly localizable growth mechanism and the possibility of propagation without surface expression. Using the implications of observed anomalous behavior, we evaluate the feasibility of two specific proposed mechanisms: dry granular flow and flow of liquid through porous regolith. Our observations are more immediately compatible with the liquid flow mechanism.
HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections

Many refugees have risk factors for HIV and STI acquisition, including a higher risk of exposure to sexual violence and unregulated health-care procedures than the general population. All refugees should be screened for HIV. Local epidemiology from the country of origin and countries of transit should be used along with individual patient risk factors, clinical signs, and symptoms to guide additional STI screening. Diagnostic testing and treatment recommendations for HIV and STIs in refugees are the same as non-refugee persons. Culturally sensitive counseling on HIV and STI prevention, testing, and treatment is of particular importance in refugee populations because some risk factors for infection, such as exposure to high-risk sexual contacts, may persist after resettlement.
Equine Cervical Pain and Dysfunction: Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment

Interest in the cervical spine as a cause of pain or dysfunction is increasingly becoming the focus of many equine practitioners. Many affected horses are presented for poor performance, while others will present with dramatic, sometimes dangerous behavior. Understanding and distinguishing the different types of neck pain is a starting point to comprehending how the clinical presentations can vary so greatly. There are many steps needed to systematically evaluate the various tissues of the cervical spine to determine which components are contributing to cervical pain and dysfunction. Osseous structures, soft tissues and the central and the peripheral nervous system may all play a role in these various clinical presentations. After completing the clinical evaluation, several imaging modalities may be implemented to help determine the underlying pathologic processes. There are multiple treatment options available and each must be carefully chosen for an individual horse. Provided is a synopsis of the current knowledge as to different disease processes that can result in cervical pain and dysfunction, diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies. Improving the knowledge in these areas will ideally help to return horses to a state of well-being that can be maintained over time and through the rigors of their job or athletic endeavors.
DeepRT: A Soft Real Time Scheduler for Computer Vision Applications on the Edge.

The ubiquity of smartphone cameras and IoT cameras, together with the recent boom of deep learning and deep neural networks, proliferate various computer vision driven mobile and IoT applications deployed on the edge. This paper focuses on applications which make soft real time requests to perform inference on their data - they desire prompt responses within designated deadlines, but occasional deadline misses are acceptable. Supporting soft real time applications on a multi-tenant edge server is not easy, since the requests sharing the limited GPU computing resources of an edge server interfere with each other. In order to tackle this problem, we comprehensively evaluate how latency and throughput respond to different GPU execution plans. Based on this analysis, we propose a GPU scheduler, DeepRT, which provides latency guarantee to the requests while maintaining high overall system throughput. The key component of DeepRT, DisBatcher, batches data from different requests as much as possible while it is proven to provide latency guarantee for requests admitted by an Admission Control Module. DeepRT also includes an Adaptation Module which tackles overruns. Our evaluation results show that DeepRT outperforms state-of-the-art works in terms of the number of deadline misses and throughput.
The Targum on Job

I wrote this paper when I was a senior at Brandeis University 48 years ago. The paper relied on the printed edition of the Targum and did not consider manuscript variations. David M. Steg produced a critical edition, “The Text of the Targum of Job,” published by E.J. Brill in 1994, which ought to be consulted before making a further analysis. As it was written, the paper presumes the reader understands the original Hebrew and the Aramaic. I wish I had added more English translations of both. Nonetheless I hope that the paper provides a useful look at the literary style and the midrashic elements of the Targum. The translator had the task of reconciling the conflicting views of the author(s) of Job with rabbinic ideas of reward and punishment and the after-life.
Cooperative and Competitive Interorganizational Learning and Network Outcomes

This paper aims to examine a type of interorganizational learning called Industry Peer Networks (IPNs), in which a network of non-competing small businesses cooperates to improve their skills and to stay abreast of the industry trends, so that the firms remain competitive in the local and regional markets. The key characteristic of an IPN is the regular gathering of peers in small groups (typically 20 or fewer carefully selected members) in an atmosphere of significant trust, guided by a facilitator, to participate in a series of formal and informal activities through established guidelines, to share knowledge about management and marketing, exchange information about industry trends beyond their core markets, discuss issues related to company performance and provide constructive criticism about peer companies.
Financial Ethics and Customer Service in South Korea and the USA

Ethical differences between South Korea and the United States. South Korea is heavily influenced by Confucius values and it is evident in their business culture. Confucian ethics permeate all aspects of working life, from management systems to interpersonal relationships. There has been an increasing influence of western culture but the change has been slow because of their deep conservatism within Confucian values. Confucian values emphasis the value of collective group harmony, respect for authority, as well as the importance of embracing family and friends. Korean’s have a saying that states, “Make a friend first and a client second.” It is also important to appear to be an honorable, trustworthy, and respectable person. A lot of these values are very different from the Western culture and can take some time to adjust to. When doing business in South Korea these ethical differences should be recognized so that future business relations are not hindered. Using data from Hofstede’s 6 Dimensional Model South Korean ranks lower in Individualism, Masculinity, and Indulgence than the United States of America. South Korea is a very interdependent society. They don’t just look out for themselves or their immediate family but they are always looking out for their groups. In a collectivist society like Korea, people’s self-image is defined by “we” and not “I”. With a score of 18, this is manifest of the commitment to be part of a group instead of being alone. South Korea also ranks low on the Masculinity scale which would make it a Feminine society. The focus here is working in order to live.
Corporate Defendants and the Protections of Criminal Procedure: An Economic Analysis

Corporations are frequently treated as "persons" under the law. One of the fundamental questions associated with this treatment is whether corporations should receive the same Constitutional protections and guarantees as natural persons. In particular, should corporations receive the Constitutional protections of Criminal Procedure? After all, corporations cannot be sent to jail so the sanctions they face are essentially the same as in civil proceedings. If so, then why not have the same procedural protections for corporate defendants in civil and criminal cases? Little scholarly analysis has focused on this issue from an economic perspective and this article aims to fill that gap. My analysis concludes that the concerns animating most procedural protections in the corporate context (i.e., reducing the costs of adjudicative errors and abusive prosecutorial behavior) would require procedural protections that differ for corporate defendants depending on the identity of the moving party (e.g., government or private litigant), and the type of sanction the corporation is facing, but not on the type of proceedings (criminal or civil) against the corporation. The analysis thus calls for a reorientation of procedural protections for corporate defendants along these lines rather than on the current criminal - civil dichotomy. The implications of such a reorientation are sketched in this paper and may, at times, suggest having stronger protections for corporations in civil proceedings than in criminal proceedings.
A general, yet useful theory of information systems

This paper proposes a general, yet useful theory of information systems. It is a response to repeated lamentations and debates about whether it is possible to find a set of core concepts for the IS field. Business and IT professionals can apply this theory for understanding and analyzing information systems. Academic researchers can apply it for gaining a deeper appreciation of past research and for developing future research projects. This theory tries to be equally applicable to all information systems, and not just to a particular type of application such as TPS, MIS, DSS, EIS, GSS, or ERP. It also tries to be equally applicable to information systems of today, of 20 years ago, and of the near term
Human Population Genetics: Drift and Migration

Genetic drift is the effect of changes in genetic composition of a finite population, due to random replacement of alleles from one generation to the next. Migration effect specifies alterations caused by exchange of genes between populations. Keywords: random genetic drift; gene flow; fixation index; effective population size; gene diversity; founder effect; human genome diversity
The ultrasonographic evaluation of large cystic pelvic masses

Thirty-six large cystic masses of pelvic origin were evaluated by means of gray-scale ultrasonography. The goal was to determine which sonographic criteria would help establish whether a lesion was malignant or benign, to further characterize it into ovarian neoplasms (cystadenoma, teratoma), inflammatory lesions (tuboovarian abscess), and blood-containing lesions (hematocolpos, hematoma). Eighty-three percent of the masses were benign, and 72% were of ovarian origin. Fifty-six percent of the masses were found in women 11 to 30 years old. Although no pathognomonic patterns were discovered, the application of certain sonographic criteria may narrow the differential diagnoses considerably.
LIVING THE AMERICAN DREAM? WAGE OUTCOMES OF ALBANIAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED STATES

Immigrants’ human capital and human capital potential is not fully transferrable into wage levels in the host county. Albania is a recent case in point that offers an opportunity for study. Since the collapse of the totalitarian regime in 1990, Albania has undergone drastic demographic changes, fueled by unprecedented levels of emigration and disproportionately large shares of those who are leaving are highly skilled individuals. Albania’s brain drain has received a large amount of research attention over the years, but little is known about the possible brain gain for the host country, or brain waste resulting from the over education of the immigrant labor force. This paper investigates the issue of human capital transferability by examining the labor market experience of this relatively new, little known immigrant group in the United States. The examination pays particular attention to three issues: (1) the success of Albanians relative to Italian immigrants; (2) the role of human capital; and (3) performance differences between emigrants leaving as refugees during the communist era, and those emigrating during the post-communist era. The empirical analysis uses pooled data from the 2000 US Census 5% sample, and the 2001-2007 American Community Survey (ACS) 3% sample, accessed from the Integrated Public Use Micro data Series (IPUMS-USA). Findings of this research suggest that human capital acquired at home has a positive impact on wages, but the level of skill transferability is low for Albanians and human capital acquired in the US has a slightly larger pay-off for Albanian immigrants than for Italian immigrants. Both Italians and Albanians experience returns to assimilation at a decreasing rate. Albanian immigrants earn less than Italian immigrants do, and the gender wage gap among Albanian immigrants is smaller than among Italian immigrants.
Even more evidence for the emptiness of plurality: An experimental investigation of plural interpretation as a species of implicature

In two experiments, we test a family of theories that treat the 'more than one' meaning component of the plural morpheme as an implicature rather than an inherent part of its semantics (Sauerland et al. 2005, Spector 2007, Zweig 2009). We find that under certain circumstances, this meaning component appears to be canceled, in the manner of an implicature. Our findings suggest that the implicature is relatively difficult to cancel, and that cancelation is facilitated by employing a linguistic environment in which plural marking contributes to the presupposed but not the asserted content. The notion that implicatures may be more easily canceled when they contribute to the presuppositional component is a novel contribution of the study.
Transduction with Integration-Defective Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium Bacteriophage KB1

Phage KB1 has gained use as a generalized transducing phage for Salmonella typhimurium, including strains resistant to phage P22. Integration-defective mutants of KB1 have now been isolated; one of these, int-1, is recommended for transduction when nonlysogenic recombinants are desired.
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Function in Relation to Risk for Cataract

Publisher Summary The lens is composed primarily of proteins and water. The light and oxygen to which the lens is exposed are associated with extensive damage to the long-lived lens proteins and other constituents. With progressive damage, the altered proteins accumulate, aggregate, and precipitate in opacities, or cataracts. The young lens has substantial reserves of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes that may prevent damage. Proteases may selectively remove obsolete proteins and provide a second level of defense. Compromises of function of the lens upon aging are related to deplete or diminished primary antioxidant reserves, antioxidant enzyme capabilities, and diminished secondary defenses such as proteases. Environmental stresses such as smoking and excessive light exposure appear to provide an additional oxidative challenge associated with the depletion of antioxidants as well as with enhanced risk for cataract. This chapter reviews available data and intervention trials, regarding associations between antioxidant nutrients and eye lens cataract in humans. The primary function of the eye lens is to collect and focus light on the retina. The chapter discusses public health issues regarding cataract, clinical features of cataract, role of oxidation and smoking to cataract formation, associations between antioxidants—vitamins C, E, carotenoids, antioxidant nutrient combinations—and cataract, and intervention trial designed to assess the effect of vitamin supplements on cataract risk. Nutrient intake can be optimized to delay cataract. Optimization of nutriture can be achieved through better diets and, with the aid of supplements once appropriate levels of specifically beneficial nutrients are defined. Study in terms of revealing the utility of diet indicates a significant five-fold decrease in risk ratio for cataract between persons consuming ≥1.5 servings of fruits and/or vegetables. It is also essential to know for how long or when would intake of the nutrient be useful with respect to delaying cataract.
Unified Hardware Architecture for 128-Bit Block Ciphers AES and Camellia

We proposed unified hardware architecture for the two 128-bit block ciphers AES and Camellia, and evaluated its performance using a 0.13-μm CMOS standard cell library. S-Boxes are the biggest hardware components in block ciphers, and some times they consume more than half of the design area. The S-Boxes in AES and Camellia are the combination of affine transformations and multiplicative inversions on a Galois fields. The size of the fields is same, but their structures are different. Therefore we converted the basis between the fields by using isomorphism transformations, and shared the inverter between AES and Camellia. The affine transformations were also merged by factoring common terms. In addition to the S-Box sharing, many other components such as permutation layers and key whiting are also merged. As a result, a compact hardware of 14.9K gates with throughputs of 469 Mbps for AES and of 661 Mbps for Camellia was achieved. The hardware synthesized with speed optimization obtained throughputs of 794 Mbps and 1.12 Gbps for each algorithm with 24.4K gates.
MEMS inertial sensors with integral rotation means.

The state-of-the-art of inertial micro-sensors (gyroscopes and accelerometers) has advanced to the point where they are displacing the more traditional sensors in many size, power, and/or cost-sensitive applications. A factor limiting the range of application of inertial micro-sensors has been their relatively poor bias stability. The incorporation of an integral sensitive axis rotation capability would enable bias mitigation through proven techniques such as indexing, and foster the use of inertial micro-sensors in more accuracy-sensitive applications. Fabricating the integral rotation mechanism in MEMS technology would minimize the penalties associated with incorporation of this capability, and preserve the inherent advantages of inertial micro-sensors.
Moving target detection using distributed MIMO radar in non-homogeneous clutter: A subspace approach

Motivated by the fact that the multi-static transmit-receive configuration in a distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar causes non-stationary clutter, we consider the problem of moving target detection (MTD) using a distributed MIMO radar in non-homogeneous clutter environments. A new non-homogeneous clutter model, where the clutter resides in a low-rank subspace with different subspace coefficients for different transmit-receive pairs, is introduced. The subspace clutter model is effective in capturing the non-homogeneity of the clutter and, in particular, the power variations across different aspect angles and resolution cells. A generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), which performs local matched subspace detection, noncoherent combining using local decision variables of all transmit-receive pairs and target velocity matching, is proposed. The GLRT is shown to be a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector. Computer simulations are provided to verify our statistical analysis of the GLRT, and a comparison with existing detectors is conducted to evaluate the impact of model mismatch on detection performance.
Interface-dominant multilayers fabricated by severe plastic deformation: Stability under extreme conditions

Abstract Over the past 3–5 years, the ability to process interface dominant nanolayered bimetallic composites in bulk quantities has opened new opportunities for investigations into structural material behavior under extreme strains. This article reviews the emergence of mechanically stable, predominant bimetallic interface characters during nanomaterial synthesis via Accumulative Roll Bonding, a severe plastic deformation technique. This processing method itself imposes an extreme condition. We show that the interfaces that are naturally selected by this extreme operation remarkably prove to be stable under exposure to other extreme conditions, including elevated temperatures and ion irradiation. Through control of synthesis pathways, interfaces of the desired atomic structure can be manufactured using scalable thermomechanical processing techniques. This, in turn, opens unprecedented new possibilities for designing bulk materials with interface-dominant properties including enhanced strength, deformability, thermal stability, and radiation damage tolerance.