cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A retrospective survey of childhood ADHD symptomatology among adult narcoleptics.

Objective: This study examined the retrospective history of childhood ADHD symptomatology in an adult narcoleptic population (Narcolepsy Group [NG]: n = 161) compared with a control group (CG: n = 117). Method: Both groups completed the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), a retrospective self-report questionnaire indicating the presence of childhood ADHD symptomatology in adults. Results: Childhood ADHD symptoms were significantly greater in NG than CG (p < .001). Joint prevalence calculations of childhood ADHD symptomatology in NG were more than 8 to 15 times greater than expected. Among NG, those individuals with a greater score on the WURS, indicative of childhood ADHD symptomatology, also had shorter sleep onsets on the Multiple Sleep Latency Test, a common objective measure of sleepiness, t(97) = −7.11, p < .05. Conclusion: It appears that self-reported childhood ADHD symptomatology history among adult narcoleptics is common. Future research is warranted with adult narcoleptics to elucidate the true nat...
Teacher Perspectives on Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in High-Stakes Assessments.

Abstract Fifty-seven general and special education teachers shared their perceptions about inclusion of students with disabilities in large-scale assessment programs during a series of focus group discussions conducted in the state of Oregon. Information shared by teachers is summarized under three categories: Teacher Knowledge, Teacher Decision-Making, and Teacher Attitudes. The majority of teachers interviewed shared their apprehensions about the inclusion of all students in statewide assessment programs, while a few teachers exhibited considerable enthusiasm for the process. Teachers were primarily concerned with the impact of test inclusion on the well-being of students with disabilities. Teachers were also troubled by the high stakes associated with test results, and the reporting of these results in the local media. A detailed discussion of the qualitative methods used in this study is also included.
Structural Topology Optimization of Electrical Machinery to Maximize Stiffness With Body Force Distribution

This paper presents structural topology optimization applied to the coupled magneto-structural problem. The design goals are to minimize mechanical compliance and to maximize total magnetic force. To calculate the compliance and magnetic force, coupled magneto-structural analysis is performed using the finite-element method. From the solution of a magnetostatic analysis, distribution of the magnetic body force is obtained using the virtual air gap scheme. The structural analysis from the calculated force distribution then provides the mechanical compliance. The design sensitivity analysis for the optimization is performed using the adjoint method, and the derived sensitivity is verified by comparing it with the finite difference sensitivity. The optimization problem is formulated and solved using the sequential linear programming (SLP) method. To show the validity of the proposed analysis and optimization approach, design of the solenoid actuator is presented.
Bubble friction drag reduction in a high-Reynolds-number flat-plate turbulent boundary layer

Turbulent boundary layer skin friction in liquid flows may be reduced when bubbles are present near the surface on which the boundary layer forms. Prior experimental studies of this phenomenon reached downstream-distance-based Reynolds numbers (m. At the lowest test speed and highest air injection rate, buoyancy pushed the air bubbles to the plate surface where they coalesced to form a nearly continuous gas film that persisted to the end of the plate with near-100% skin-friction drag reduction. At the higher two flow speeds, the bubbles generally remained distinct and skin-friction drag reduction was observed when the bubbly mixture was closer to the plate surface than 300 wall units of the boundary-layer flow without air injection, even when the bubble diameter was more than 100 of these wall units. Skin-friction drag reduction was lost when the near-wall shear induced the bubbles to migrate from the plate surface. This bubble-migration phenomenon limited the persistence of bubble-induced skin-friction drag reduction to the first few metres downstream of the air injector in the current experiments.
The Regulation of EZH2 Activity by PHF1

The maintenance of gene repression is crucial for the prevention of cancer development and progression. PRC2 (Polycomb repressive complex 2) regulates the transcriptional repression of oncogenes through the tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), which is accomplished by the PRC2 catalytic subunit EZH2. Aberrant expression of EZH2 can lead to the onset of several highly aggressive cancers including prostate, breast, lung, melanoma, lymphoma, and pancreatic cancer. Efficient methyltransferase activity of EZH2 in vivo is dependent on the presence of the PHD finger protein 1 (PHF1), however the mechanism by which PHF1 regulates EZH2 is poorly understood. We hypothesize that PHF1 interacts directly with EZH2 at gene promoters and stimulates tri-methylation of H3K27, thereby facilitating silencing at key genes. Here we report our findings from binding studies of the EZH2-PHF1 complex and the effects of PHF1 on EZH2 methyltransferase activity.
PBC: A Software Framework Facilitating Pattern-Based Clustering for Microarray Data Analysis

Microarray data produces expression pattern of thousands of genes at once. Grouping these gene expression patterns to have each group convey some biologically meaningful sight entails use of a clustering method. Two problems exist when attempting to use conventional clustering methods for the microarray data analysis. Presence of outliers skews the mean value computation which, in turn influences placement of inconsistent gene expression patterns into one group. The clustering algorithms themselves generally cannot determine the right size of the clusters. We present a new method which approaches to the clustering problem from a different angle. That is, the clustering of gene expression patterns is better dealt with within a software framework that is conducive to helping biologists derive the right size of clusters utilizing their understanding of the experimental context once the baseline clusters are computed using the fold changes of gene expression levels. We discuss our experiences of using the framework in analyzing numerous microarray data experiments.
Possible role of marijuana smoking as a carcinogen in the development of lung cancer at a young age

(1994). Possible Role of Marijuana Smoking as a Carcinogen in the Development of Lung Cancer at a Young Age. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 285-288.
Modification of mechanical and metabolic actions of sympathomimetic amines on the heart.

Recent work on the relationship between the catecholamineinduced changes in metabolic and functional activities in the heart has revealed that these actions are independent of each other (DHALLA, 1966~~ 1967; DHALLA and MCLAIN, 1967). However, the significance of an increase in metabolism such as glycogenolysis produced by catecholamines through the activation of phosphorylase enzymes in the heart still remains to be a matter of speculation. It should be recognized that the phosphorylase enzyme system is unique among biochemical events in that it responds to a wide variety of pharmacologic agents which are known to alter the heart function (HAUGAARD and HESS, 1965; DHALLA, 19663; DHALLA and MCLAIN, 1966). In the present research the actions of sympathomimetic amines on the heart rate, contractile force and phosphorylase activity were investigated on the isolated perfused rat heart pretreated with different agents. Experiments were also designed to test the possibilily if the changes in phosphorylase activity are associated with the uptake and storage of eatecholamines in the heart. Methods Sprague-Dawley male albino rats weighing 280-300 g were used in this study. The hcarts were quickly dissected out after decapitating the animals and arranged for perfusion at 37OC by conventional Langendorff technique. The composition of
Pharmacokinetics of dehydroepiandrosterone and its metabolites after long-term daily oral administration to healthy young men

Abstract Objective To determine the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on the pharmacokinetics of DHEA and its metabolites and the reproductive axis of healthy young men. Design A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacokinetic study. Setting General Clinical Research Center and laboratories at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Patient(s) Fourteen healthy men, ages 18–42 years. Intervention(s) Daily oral administration of placebo (n = 5), 50 mg DHEA (n = 4), or 200 mg DHEA (n = 5) for 6 months. Blood samples were collected at frequent intervals on day 1 and at months 3 and 6 of treatment. Main outcome measure(s) Quantification of DHEA, DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, T, E 2 , dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 5α-androstane-3α-17β-diol glucuronide (ADG). Physical examination, semen analysis, serum LH, FSH, prostate-specific antigen, and general chemistries were carried out. Result(s) Baseline DHEA, DHEAS, and ADG levels increased significantly from day 1 to months 3 and 6 in the DHEA treatment groups but not in the placebo group. No significant changes were observed in pharmacokinetic values. Clinical parameters were not affected. Conclusion(s) DHEA, DHEAS, and ADG increased significantly during 6 months of daily DHEA supplementation. Although the pharmacokinetics of DHEA and its metabolites are not altered, sustained baseline elevation of ADG, a distal DHT metabolite, raises concerns about the potential negative impact of DHEA supplementation on the prostate gland.
Psychoanalytic Treatment of a Woman With Anxiety Attacks and Conversion

This case study describes the psychoanalytic treatment of a young woman presenting with symptoms of overwhelming anxiety, panic, and conversion. The emphasis is on technique with detailed reporting on the psychoanalytic process. Attention is paid to transference-countertransference paradigms at critical junctures in the treatment. The role of clinical supervision in the unfolding of the process is described also. This patient developed an identifiable transference neurosis during the course of the treatment, which became the focus of the analysis. Follow-up observations on this patient are also presented, as she returned for a brief course of treatment 4 years following initial termination.
Statute Definitions of Elder Abuse

ABSTRACT Differences in elder abuse definitions hinder the comparison of research and state elder abuse data (Jogerst, Daly, Brinig et al., in press). The purposes of this paper are to describe and summarize the elder abuse definitions in the state statutes and present current definitions used in practice, education, and research. The definitions of elder abuse for the 50 state and District of Columbia laws addressing protective services for domestic elder abuse were analyzed. No one single term describing elder abuse was used uniformly across all statutes. “Abandonment,” “mental anguish,” “exploitation,” “neglect,” “self-neglect,” and “sexual abuse” were predominant terms used in the statutes. It is unlikely that legislation for the 50 states and District of Columbia would be implemented to change the statutes definitions of elder abuse but it is possible to develop a list of definitions that can be used as model definitions for researchers, practitioners, and for future policy changes.
Human infections caused by organisms of the bacillus species.

Organisms of the bacillus species were associated with infections in 48 patients seen in a general hospital in a period of two years. Most of these patients had traumatic wounds and most of the infections were mild. These bacteria can be pathogenic; their presence in cultures, including blood cultures, should not be disregarded.
Porous Solids of Boron Phosphate, Aluminum Phosphate, and Silicon Phosphate

Anhydrous sol-gel condensation of triethyl phosphate [(CH3CH2O)3PO] with boron trichioride (BCl3), triethyl aluminum [(CH3CH2)3Al] or silicon tetrachloride [SiCI4] in organic solvents led to rigid gels. The pore fluid of the gels was removed under supercritical conditions in a pressurized vessel to form porous solids. The condensation chemistry prior to the gel point was monitored by solution1H,13C,31P, and11B NMR. The materials were then calcined at progressively higher temperatures to produce high surface area phosphates. Nitrogen gasphysisorption was used to determine the surface areas, total pore volume, and average pore radius of the products. FT-IR was used to determine functional groups in the materials. The microstructure was also examined by scanning electron microscopy.
IMPLICIT MULTIGRID SOLUTION OF THE PRECONDITIONED EULER EQUATIONS

A new local preconditioning method based on the concept of artificial compressibility has been developed for accelerating convergence to steady-state solutions of the compressible Euler equations at low Mach numbers. Details of the preconditioning for the one-dimensional equations are provided as the first step in developing this approach as an effective preconditioning method for the two and three dimensional compressible flow equations. Artificial time derivatives of pressure are added to the continuity, momentum and energy equations written in conservation form. Three arbitrary functions a, ft and T are introduced that are determined to avoid eigenvalue stiffness of the Euler equations at low Mach numbers while ensuring that the preconditioned system remains well-posed. The preconditioning is optimized on the basis of characteristi c condition number, which is a good measure of stiffness of hyperbolic equations. The numerical results demonstrate that the convergence rate is independent of Mach number in the range 0.4 > M > 10~5. This approach has been recently generalized for the two dimensional compressible Euler equations and preliminary numerical results are presented to demonstrate the promise of this method for two dimensional applications.
T-cell-rich B-cell lymphomas.

-CELL-RICH B-cell lymphoma (BCL) is a recently deT scribed histologic variant of BCL characterized by a minor population of clonal B cells distributed in a background of numerically preponderant polyclonal T lymphocytes.’ While precise histologic criteria have not yet been defined, clonal B cells typically comprise 10% or less of the total cellular constituency. Controversy persists with regard to both the clinical relevance and the proper classification of this histologic variant. The latter is largely a semantic issue, provided these cases are distinguished from both peripheral T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin’s disease, with which they may be easily confused.’ However, the issue of biologic behavior, and the related question of optimal therapeutic design, must be addressed. With this purpose, we report our experience with 23 patients with T-cell-rich BCL.
Crystal structure of methyl (S)-2-{(R)-4-[(tert-but-oxy-carbon-yl)amino]-3-oxo-1,2-thia-zolidin-2-yl}-3-methyl-butano-ate: a chemical model for oxidized protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H24N2O5S, contains two independent mol­ecules (A and B). In each mol­ecule, the iso­thia­zolidin-3-one ring adopts an envelope conformation with the methyl­ene C atom as the flap. In the crystal, the A mol­ecules are linked to one another by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming columns along [010]. The B mol­ecules are also linked to one another by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming columns along the same direction, i.e. [010]. Within the individual columns, there are also C—H⋯S and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds present. The columns of A and B mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets parallel to (10-1). The absolute structure was determined by resonant scattering [Flack parameter = 0.00 (3)].
Primary peritoneal pregnancy: Rationalization or established entity? Omental transference as an alternative explanation

Abstract 1. 1. The types of abdominal pregnancy are defined as: 1.1. a. Primary: (1) ovarian, (2) peritoneal. 1.2. b. Secondary, occurring subsequent to primary tubal or intrauterine pregnancy and including intraligamentous and secondary ovarian pregnancies. 2. 2. The importance of abdominal pregnancy in regard to maternal and fetal mortality is emphasized; it is felt that we should strive for a better understanding of the pathogenesis in all varieties of extrauterine gestation. 3. 3. The importance of early cases in the study of the pathogenesis of primary peritoneal pregnancy is explained. 4. 4. A critical review of the literature on primary peritoneal pregnancy with accepted views on its present status is given. Studdiford's criteria are enumerated. 5. 5. A case is reported which apparently fulfills these criteria. 6. 6. The possible part played by the “postmature ovum” and pelvic endometriosis in the pathogenesis of primary peritoneal pregnancy is discussed. Experimental evidence for the concept is lacking. Clinical evidence is only as strong as the cases reported and many of these are far from convincing. 7. 7. The adequacy of the present criteria for diagnosis is questioned and the difficulty in proving the concept beyond doubt is inferred. 8. 8. An alternative theory of “omental transference” is suggested which may explain many, if not all, of the well-documented cases of “primary peritoneal pregnancy” reported to date. 9. 9. It is concluded that although primary peritoneal pregnancy may occur, it is certainly not an established entity and many, if not all, of the cases reported to date may be secondary abdominal pregnancies.
Non-fluorescent quantification of single mRNA with transient absorption microscopy

Single molecule detection is confounded by the background signals from the biological environment, such as autofluorescence, Rayleigh scattering, or turbidity in cells and tissues. In this article, we report on the utilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an orthogonal probe for non-fluorescence detection of single molecules with a transient absorption microscopy (TAM). The developed system and concepts were validated by quantitative evaluation of human epidermal receptor 2 (Her2) mRNA in cancer cells and tissues at single copy sensitivity. Results from TAM suggest that the average number of Her2 copies in SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells is 203.19 ± 80.48, and 11.29 ± 4.47, respectively. Furthermore, TAM offers excellent signal-to-noise ratio in detecting mRNA in clinical tissues, indicating a significantly higher expression of Her2 genes in breast cancer tissues than that of normal tissues. Our single cell quantification TAM strategy was validated with a fluorescence in situ hybridization approach. Our demonstration shows that TAM has the potential to provide a new dimension in biomarker quantification at single molecule sensitivity in turbid biological environments providing a strong basis for clinical monitoring.
Dynamics of Bottlebrush Networks

The deformation dynamics of bottlebrush networks in a melt state is studied using a combination of theoretical, computational, and experimental techniques. Three main molecular relaxation processes are identified in these systems: (i) relaxation of the side chains, (ii) relaxation of the bottlebrush backbones on length scales shorter than the bottlebrush Kuhn length (bK), and (iii) relaxation of the bottlebrush network strands between cross-links. The relaxation of side chains having a degree of polymerization (DP), nsc, dominates the network dynamics on the time scales τ0 τsc, bottlebrush elastomers behave as networks of filaments with a shear modulus G0BB(t) ∼ (nsc + 1)−1/4t–1/2. Finally, the response of the bottlebrush networks becomes time independent at...
Henry George’s Legacy in Economic Thought

(2007). Henry George’s Legacy in Economic Thought. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 289-291.
A Stepwise Approach to a Career in Translational Research

Publisher Summary This chapter outlines a stepwise approach to building clinical research careers in this arena of bedside-to-bench and back form of clinical investigation. For the purposes of this chapter, a relatively restricted definition will apply, referring specifically to that subset of human investigations that address the “first translational block.” This term refers to that form of clinical research that focuses on the increasingly dynamic interface between bedside and bench. Careers in translational research are uniquely challenging and rewarding. Continually updating technological tools, reeducating oneself across an entire career, juggling the conflicting mandates of teaching, patient care, and research, and repeatedly competing for peer-reviewed funding are not for the faint of heart. However, research at the translational interface represents one of the most deeply satisfying careers that exists in academic medicine. The leverage is vast and the ability to potentially contribute to the alleviation of human suffering is irresistibly attractive, making all of the challenges seemingly small compared to the opportunity to accomplish a greater good in this pathway. This subset of clinical investigation stands in contrast to the “second translational block,” a term coined by the Institute of Medicine's Clinical Research Roundtable to refer to the difficulties encountered in achieving widespread implementation of treatments previously determined to be safe and efficacious in randomized clinical trials into everyday medical practice.
Beyond Legal Reasoning: A Critique of Pure Lawyering (Preface)

This is the Preface to Beyond Legal Reasoning: A Critique of Pure Lawyering (Routledge, 2017) (ISBN: 978-1138221307). The book provides a critique of the traditional views of “thinking like a lawyer” or “pure lawyering,” aimed at lawyers, law professors, and students who want to understand lawyering beyond the traditional warrior metaphor. Drawing examples from the intersection of real world law and business issues, the book argues the “pure lawyering” of traditional legal education is agnostic to either truth or moral value of outcomes. It offers a critique of pure lawyering’s potential both for illusions of certainty and cynical instrumentalism, and the consequences of both when lawyers are called on as dealmakers, policymakers, and counsellors.
On The Global Stabilization of Locally Convergent Algorithms for Optimization and Root Finding

Abstract There are a number of algorithms in the literature which both theoretically and empirically are known to be only locally convergent. These include such well known algorithms as secant, Newton, quasiNewton and primal-dual algorithms. Locally, these algorithms tend to be highly efficient. Consequently, it is very desirable to find ways of extending, or modifying, these algorithms, so that they become globally convergent while retaining their attractive local properties. This paper describes a set of techniques which have recently emerged for stabilizing such algorithms and illustrates their application by means of a number of examples.
Cooperative cognitive systems with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and frequency hopping

We propose a cooperative cognitive system. The primary system and the cognitive system inform each other such as synchronization in frequency, phase and time. Primary user (PU) can employ orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and the cognitive user (CU) frequency hopping (FH). We explore the scenario in which the CU and PU share the spectrum simultaneously.
An analysis of widely viewed youtube videos on anal cancer

Background: Rates of anal squamous cell carcinoma have increased over recent decades. The aim of this study was to describe characteristics of widely viewed YouTube videos about anal cancer. Methods: A total of 57 videos were identified and reviewed. Videos were assessed and coded with respect to date uploaded, upload source, gender of presenter, number of views, length in minutes, number of likes and dislikes, and selected aspects of content. Each video was assessed to determine if the sole purpose of the video was to provide information regarding anal cancer or existed to serve another purpose. Content related to anal cancer was categorized. Results: The mean number of views was 23,548 (range 1014–440,078), and the average length of videos was 8:14 min. The upload source of 57 videos was 19 (33.3%) by consumers, 12 (21.1%) by professional, and 26 (45.6%) by news-based sources. More than half (n = 30; 52.6%) had the sole purpose of providing information. The most frequently mentioned topics were treatment (n = 25, 43.9%), symptoms (n = 15, 26.3%), encouraging screening, human papillomavirus, and pain, respectively (n = 14, 26.4% for each); only 6 of the 57 videos (10.5%) specifically mentioned prevention. None of 57 most widely viewed videos were uploaded by any agency of the U.S. Public Health Service or by any other U.S. governmental agency. Conclusions: It is important for health practitioners to be aware of the type of information available for their patients on the YouTube platform.
Anything You Can Do, I Can Do Better: Bias Awareness in Forensic Evaluators

Psychologists and other mental health professionals are frequently called upon by the courts to provide professional opinions on a multitude of psycholegal issues in civil and criminal proceedings....
Corporation law in late Imperial China

According to received wisdom, there is no such thing as a Chinese tradition of corporation law. In Max Weber’s pithy conclusion, “The legal forms and societal foundations for capitalist enterprise were absent in traditional China.” Although this claim is intuitively appealing, it is incorrect, or at least wildly exaggerated. Drawing on earlier work, I argue in this chapter that in late imperial China there existed a tradition of “corporation law,” to use a term that admittedly sounds anachronistic. Conventional wisdom to the contrary notwithstanding, and despite Confucian hostility to commerce, even before the introduction of European law at the turn of the century, the Chinese operated “clan corporations,” or relatively large commercial enterprises whose existence was justified by the legal fiction of kinship. Because of this fiction, these enterprises were governed by the norms of family law which in turn performed many of the key functions of corporation law.
Feasibility of an EEG-based brain-computer interface in the intensive care unit.

Abstract Objective We tested the feasibility of deploying a commercially available EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) to detect consciousness in patients with acute disorders of consciousness (DoC) or locked-in syndrome (LIS). Methods Ten patients (9 DoC, 1 LIS) and 10 healthy subjects (HS) were enrolled. The BCI utilized oddball auditory evoked potentials, vibrotactile evoked potentials (VTP) and motor imagery (MoI) to assess consciousness. We recorded the assessment completion rate and the time required for assessment, and we calculated the sensitivity and specificity of each paradigm for detecting behavioral signs of consciousness. Results All 10 patients completed the assessment, 9 of whom required less than 1 h. The LIS patient reported fatigue before the end of the session. The HS and LIS patient showed more consistent BCI responses than DoC patients, but overall there was no association between BCI responses and behavioral signs of consciousness. Conclusions The system is feasible to deploy in the ICU and may confirm consciousness in acute LIS, but it was unreliable in acute DoC. Significance The accuracy of the paradigms for detecting consciousness must be improved and the duration of the protocol should be shortened before this commercially available BCI is ready for clinical implementation in the ICU in patients with acute DoC.
The yeast gene MSH3 defines a new class of eukaryotic MutS homologues

We have identified a gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MSH3, whose predicted protein product shares extensive sequence similarity with bacterial proteins involved in DNA mismatch repair as well as with the predicted protein product of the Rep-3 gene of mouse. MSH3 was obtained by performing a polymerase chain reaction on yeast genomic DNA using degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed to anneal with the most conserved regions of a gene that would be homologous to Rep-3 and Salmonella typhimurium mutS. MSH3 seems to play some role in DNA mismatch repair, inasmuch as its inactivation results in an increase in reversion rates of two different mutations and also causes an increase in postmeiotic segregation. However, the effect of MSH3 disruption on reversion rates and postmeiotic segregation appears to be much less than that of previously characterized yeast DNA mismatch repair genes. Alignment of the MSH3 sequence with all of the known MutS homologues suggests that its primary function may be different from the role of MutS in repair of replication errors. MSH3 appears to be more closely related to the mouse Rep-3 gene and other similar eukaryotic mutS homologues than to the yeast gene MSH2 and other mutS homologues that are involved in replication repair. We suggest that the primary function of MSH3 may be more closely related to one of the other known functions of mutS, such as its role in preventing recombination between non-identical sequences.
Development of a Novel Computerized Clinical Decision Support System to Improve Adolescent Sexual Health Care Provision

OBJECTIVE The objective was to develop an acceptable clinical decision support (CDS) system to facilitate evidence-based sexual health care for adolescents in the emergency department (ED). METHODS In this multiphased iterative process, we engaged an expert group to synthesize evidence on a wide range of sexual health services (e.g., contraception, condoms, identification and treatment of previously diagnosed sexually transmitted infection). We created a computerized questionnaire and embedded our decision tree, utilizing patient-entered responses to create tailored, evidence-based recommendations, and embedded links to study-related resources such as the emergency contraception (EC) quick guide. We utilized mixed methodology to explore perspectives of adolescents aged 14 to 19 years and clinicians at two general and two pediatric EDs after they interacted with the system. Clinicians reported usefulness (Likert scale 1 = not at all, 4 = very); adolescents reported acceptability. We used the chi-square test to compare responses between subgroups. We collected adolescents' verbatim responses to open-ended questions; clinicians self-entered responses. Four authors independently generated themes from qualitative responses before compiling key findings and achieving consensus on final themes. RESULTS Among 57 clinicians (23 physicians, 23 nurses, 11 nurse practitioners; 54% female; 65% aged < 40 years), the mean system usefulness rating was 3.4 ± 0.7. Sex, age, clinician role, or ED type were not associated with rating the system "somewhat/very" useful. Clinicians identified barriers (e.g., time constraints) that could be overcome by implementation considerations (e.g., training) as well as benefits including improved care. For future assessments, providers preferred computer (65%) over face-to-face interview (26%). Among 57 adolescents (mean age = 16.2 years; 75% female; 56% sexually experienced), nearly all (95%) reported that it was "very/somewhat easy" to complete the computerized questionnaire and to understand the questions. Most adolescents understood the EC quick guide and correctly identified that ulipristal, compared to levonorgestrel, required a prescription and was more effective. For future assessments, adolescents preferred computer (69%) over face-to-face interviews (9%). CONCLUSIONS We developed a sexual health CDS system that is easy to use and can facilitate evidence-based care to reduce health outcome gaps. Evaluation of system impact on service delivery and, ultimately, health outcomes is needed.
Both the Observer's Expertise and the Subject's Facial Symmetry Can Affect Anatomical Position of the Head

Purpose It is easier to judge facial deformity when the patient's head is in anatomic position. The purposes of this study were to determine 1) whether a group of expert observers would agree more than a group of nonexperts on what is the correct anatomic position of the head, 2) whether there would be more variation in the alignment of an asymmetrical face compared with a symmetrical one, and 3) whether the alignments of experts would be more repeatable than those of nonexperts. Materials and Methods Thirty-one orthodontists (experts) and 31 dental students (nonexperts) were recruited for this mixed-model study. They were shown randomly oriented 3-dimensional head photographs of an adult with a symmetrical face and an adolescent with an asymmetrical face. In viewing software, the observers oriented the images into anatomic position. They repeated the orientations 4 weeks later. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear model and Bland-Altman plots. The primary predictor variables were experience and symmetry status. The outcome variable was the anatomic position of the head. The other variables of interest included time and orientation direction. Results There was a statistically significant difference between measurements completed by experts and nonexperts (F1,60 = 14.83; P Conclusions The study shows that experts can set a head into anatomic position better than nonexperts. In addition, facial asymmetry has a profound effect on the ability of an observer to align a head in the correct anatomic position. Moreover, observer-guided alignment is not reproducible.
Prognostic awareness and illness understanding in patients with malignant glioma and their caregivers.

33Background: Malignant gliomas (MG) are rapidly progressive, incurable tumors. Patients with glioblastoma, the most common MG, have a median survival of approximately 14 months when treated aggressively. Despite this poor prognosis, data is lacking on patients’ and caregivers’ (CGs’) understanding of patients’ prognosis and treatment goals and their communication preferences. We assessed prognostic awareness (PA) in patients with MG and their CGs three months following diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective study in patients with newly diagnosed MG and their CGs. At three months post-diagnosis, we administered to patients and CGs the Prognosis and Treatment Perceptions Questionnaire, which assesses illness understanding, goals of treatment, and likelihood of cure. Results: At three months after diagnosis, 82.9% (68/82) of patients and 81.3% (52/64) of CGs reported that knowing prognosis is “extremely” or “very” important, yet only 42.6% (35/82) of patients and 60.9% (39/64) of CGs reported accura...
Investigations into the performance of travelling wave enabled conventional and cyclic ion mobility systems to characterise protomers of fluoroquinolone antibiotic residues.

RATIONALE Fluoroquinolones (FLQs) have been shown to form protomers with distinctive fragment profiles. Experimental parameters affect protomer formation, impacting observed conventional tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) dissociation and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transition reproducibility. Collision cross section (CCS) measurement can provide an additional identification metric and improved ion mobility (IM) separation strategies could provide further understanding of fluctuations in fragmentation when using electrospray ionisation (ESI). METHODS Porcine muscle tissue was fortified with nine fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Extracts were cleaned using QuEChERS dispersive extraction. Separation was achieved via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and analysis performed using positive ion ESI coupled with linear T-wave IM (N2 and CO2 drift gas) and cyclic IM-MS (calibrated to perform accurate mass and CCS measurement). RESULTS IM-resolved protomeric species have been observed for nine FLQs (uniquely three for danofloxacin). Long-term reproducibility and cross-platform T-wave/cIM studies have demonstrated CCS metric errors <1.5% when compared with a FLQ protomer reference CCS library. When comparing FLQ protomer separation using a standard, linear T-wave IM separator (N2 /CO2 ) and using a high-resolution cyclic T-wave device (N2 ), protomer peak-to-peak resolution ranged between Rs = 1 to Rs = 6 for the IM strategies utilised. CONCLUSIONS CCS is a reliable cross platform metric; specific FLQ CCS identification fingerprints have been produced, illustrating the potential to compliment MS/MS specificity or provide an alternative identification metric. Using cIM there is opportunity to correlate the erratic nature of protomer formation with the analytical conditions used and to gain further understanding of ionisation/dissociation mechanisms taking place during routine analyses.
Effects of Electronic Frequency Dividers on Angle-Modulated Signals and Their Potential Applications in Frequency Analysis

Electronic frequency divider (EFD) is a common two port electronic component that is widely used in electronics and photonics. In this presentation, we discuss how an EFD responds to an angle-modulated signal in general and demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that different modulation scenarios lead to different EFD output characteristics. In practice, such effects can help differentiate certain types of phase and frequency modulations, which is often difficult to accomplish with direct measurement of power spectral density (PSD). In addition, we show EFD-aided PSD measurement allows for quantitative assessment of wideband frequency-modulation parameters, such as modulation frequency, modulation index and frequency deviation, which is not possible with any conventional spectral analysis methods. The enhanced spectral specificity may benefit the field of frequency control by helping system designers more effectively identify potential fluctuation sources and their scales. The technique may also find applications in modulation recognition, radar technologies, laser frequency metrology, microwave photonics, etc.
Shape transform phasing of edgy nanocrystals

Diffraction patterns from small protein crystals illuminated by highly coherent X-rays often contain measurable interference signals between Bragg peaks. This coherent `shape transform' signal introduces enough additional information to allow the mol­ecular densities to be determined from the diffracted intensities directly, without prior information or resolution restrictions. However, the various correlations amongst mol­ecular occupancies/vacancies at the crystal surface result in a subtle yet critical problem in shape transform phasing whereby the sublattices of symmetry-related mol­ecules exhibit a form of partial coherence amongst lattice sites when an average is taken over many crystal patterns. Here an iterative phase retrieval algorithm is developed which is capable of treating this problem; it is demonstrated on simulated data.
42 MUSCLE MASS AS AN INITIAL PRESENTATION OF SARCOIDOSIS.

Introduction Muscle involvement is a frequent histopathologic feature of sarcoidosis, but its symptomatic clinical presentation has been rarely reported. Muscle mass presenting as the only initial symptom of systemic disease has never been reported. History A 55-year-old white female presented with complaints of a mass lesion in her left calf muscle. She had no other systemic symptoms at that time. She had no history of cough, hemoptysis, weight loss, or any bowel/bladder problems. A detailed review of the system was completely negative for the signs and symptoms of any systemic illness, including a rheumatologic disease process. Her physical examination was only positive for a 4 × 2 cm left calf mass. A detailed systemic evaluation, including blood chemistries and serology, was unremarkable. MRI of the mass lesion showed characteristic findings; subsequent excision biopsy of the mass was positive for noncaseating granulomas consistent with the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Further workup showed hilar lymphadenopathy on chest radiography, which was confirmed by CT scan; no malignant process or any active interstitial lung disease was noted. ACE level was 83, ESR 22, CRP 0.3, and CPK 94. Again, she had no pulmonary symptoms. No further treatment was given to her at that time, but the lump recurred after 6 months. She still elected not to receive any therapy. During her 2 years of follow-up, she has remained asymptomatic, without an increase in the size of the lump. Discussion Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology. Patients with sarcoidosis frequently present with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and pulmonary infiltration and often with ocular and skin lesions. Muscles are involved as part of the multisystem disease process, but muscle mass as the only initial presentation has never been reported. Sarcoid myopathy may demonstrate either myopathic or nodular type involvement. Nodular sarcoid myopathy has a characteristic MR appearance that allows accurate diagnosis. It appears as focal intramuscular masses, usually at the musculotendinous junction, which are often multiple and bilateral in distribution and have a lower extremity predominance. It is usually associated with distinctive laboratory abnormalities, including hyperglobulinemia, an elevated serum ACE, and hypercalcemia. Glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of therapy when treatment is required, although other immunosuppressive agents are being used increasingly. This patient has required no treatment and has remained stable for 2 years, highlighting wide variation in the course of this severe systemic illness.
Intercalated Cation Disorder in Prussian Blue Analogues: First-Principles and Grand Canonical Analyses

Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) are a promising class of intercalation materials for electrochemical energy storage and water treatment, and intercalated cation disorder within them results from partial cation occupation within their vacant interstitial sites. In this study, we investigate the influence of intercalated cation ordering on the electrochemical equilibrium of PBAs. First-principles calculations were performed for supercell configurations with two distinct arrangements of cations, vacancy-pair configurations, and vacancy-pair free (VPF) configurations (VPFCs), to analyze the energetic and electronic structure differences between them. VPFCs were found to be thermodynamically favored at 300 K. The energetic cost of vacancy-pair formation was also attributed to charge sharing between cations and surrounding atoms. Using these findings, a vacancy-pair free (VPF) model was then constructed based on grand canonical ensemble (GCE) theory to predict the composition-dependent equilibrium potential for ...
Machine Interpretation of Radar Displays

The development of radar systems is being hampered by a continually increasing conflict between complexity, reliability, size, and cost on one hand, and more sophisticated performance requirements on the other hand. Yet many of the data-processing operations which must be carried out by these man-made systems are also carried out by the living biological systems found throughout the natural world. These living systems operate reliably with unreliable components; they are self-adjusting; and they are capable of altering their operation to cope with unforeseen conditions. Thus, it is not surprising that man is beginning to look more closely at nature for possible solutions to his data-processing problems. A portion of the initial activity in this effort is reported in this volume and in previous publications (Yovitts and Cameron, 1960; Bionics Symposium, 1960), and this paper discuss some aspects of an attempt to apply such a design philosophy to the development of a specific radar subsystem.
Designing Medical Tests: The Other Side of Bayes' Theorem.

To compute the probability of having a disease, given a positive test result, is a standard probability problem. The sensitivity and specificity of the test must be given and the prevalence of the ...
Intravascular Iodinated Contrast Is an Independent Cause of Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Angiography.

Objectives Recent studies have questioned whether intravascular iodinated contrast remains an independent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). We sought to assess whether iodinated contrast administered during coronary angiography is an independent cause of AKI. Methods We identified all of the patients who underwent coronary angiography between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2017 with a discharge diagnosis of AKI that developed within 7 days following angiography. Using chart review, we categorized patients as having multifactorial AKI if ≥1 insults other than intravascular contrast potentially contributed to kidney injury or contrast-induced AKI (CI-AKI) if the only insult was contrast administration. We compared the severity of AKI and renal function upon discharge between patients with CI-AKI and multifactorial AKI. Results We identified 78 patients who experienced AKI within 7 days following angiography, 10 (13%) of whom had CI-AKI and 68 of whom (87%) experienced multifactorial AKI. Nine (90%) patients with CI-AKI manifested stage 1 disease, 1 (10%) had stage 2 disease, and 9 (90%) experienced full recovery of kidney function. More patients with multifactorial AKI developed stage 2 or 3 disease (42% vs 10%, χ2 = 3.73, P = 0.05) and experienced either partial recovery of kidney function or persistent kidney impairment compared with patients with CI-AKI (25% vs 10%, χ2 = 1.9, P = 0.17), although the latter comparison was not statistically significant. Conclusions The intravascular administration of iodinated contrast remains an independent cause of AKI. Compared with those with multifactorial AKI, patients with CI-AKI appear to be more likely to experience mild decrements in kidney function that recover completely.
ARTT: A Scalable Approach for Monitoring the Quality of Time in Distributed Systems

Monitoring mechanisms are an essential component of timing security. Existing mechanisms allow for a comprehensive view of the distribution of time throughout a network, but they do not scale to large networks. We propose a new method called aggregated reverse time transfer (ARTT), which builds upon the reverse time transfer mechanism and the IEEE 1588 monitoring TLV to limit message complexity and redundant information. We demonstrate that these two mechanisms can be used in concert to report the timing error of a network more efficiently without a significant loss in accuracy.
In-Hospital Management and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Influenza.

Patients with influenza infection are at increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). There are limited data on the short-term prognosis and management of patients with AMI and concomitant influenza. We examined the National Inpatient Sample from 2010 to 2014 for adult patients with a diagnosis of AMI. Patients were stratified into those with or without concomitant influenza. In-hospital therapies and outcomes were compared between groups in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Standardized differences of >10% and p values
Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion: A Review of Research and Clinical Practices:

End-stage lung disease is ultimately treated with lung transplantation. However, there is a paucity of organs with an increasing number of patients being diagnosed with end-stage lung disease. Ex vivo lung perfusion has emerged as a potential tool to assess the quality and to recondition marginal donor lungs prior to transplantation with the goal of increasing the donor pool. This technology has shown promise with similar results compared with the conventional technique of cold static preservation in terms of primary graft dysfunction and overall outcomes. This review provides an update on the results and uses of this technology. The review will also summarize clinical studies and techniques in reconditioning and assessing lungs on ex vivo lung perfusion. Last, we discuss how this technology can be applied to fields outside of transplantation such as thoracic oncology and bioengineering.