cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vitreous modulation of migration and proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro.

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell migration and proliferation are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Since PVR develops in situations where vitreous contacts the RPE, we sought to determine whether human vitreous contains factors that stimulate proliferation and migration of RPE cells. We found that postmortem human vitreous stimulates migration but not proliferation of human RPE cells under serum-free conditions in vitro. Stimulation of proliferation of RPE cells and fibroblasts was observed, however, following admixture of albumin with the vitreous. These findings suggest that vitreous contributes modulators that stimulate some functions of RPE cells that are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of PVR. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:1951-1957,1989 Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is characterized by the formation of contractile cellular membranes on the surface of the retina and in the vitreous. The cellular components of these membranes include fibroblasts from a wound site or from vascular areas of the optic nerve head, glial cells, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells or combinations of these cell types. 1 " 4 As these cells are not present normally in the vitreous, their migration and proliferation appear to play a role in the development of epiretinal membranes; however, the signals that initiate, maintain and eventually terminate epiretinal membrane formation in the eye are not understood. Since serum supplementation is necessary to grow RPE cells in culture, and since serum factors stimulate migration of RPE cells, 5 ' 6 it has been suggested that passage of serum factors into the vitreous could result in RPE chemotaxis and proliferation. 7 This hypothesis is supported by the clinical observation that patients who have had multiple retinal reattachment procedures, and presumably greater damage to the bloodocular barrier, are at higher risk to develop PVR than are patients with uncomplicated retinal detachment, 8
The Post-War International Cycle

The problem of outstanding importance in post-war international economics has been the persistence of balance of payments difficulties over a wide area, often briefly though inadequately described as the problem of the ‘dollar shortage’. But a problem of perhaps equal interest is that of the post-war international cycle. The last six years have shown cyclical movements in international trade and reserves of great severity, even though the domestic economies of all countries, including the United States, have evidenced a remarkable stability around a rising trend. Chart 1 brings together three series on which attention is focused in this connection. The first one, gross national product in the United States, shows a persistently increasing movement, with only minor periods when the movement is either horizontal or very slightly declining. The second series, U.S. commodity imports, shows a much more evident cyclical movement, with notable reductions in 1949 and 1951 and a smaller dip in 1947. The third series, net gold and dollar surplus or deficit of the United Kingdom on the whole sterling area account, gives evidence of three very clear troughs: in 1947, in 1949 and in 1951–52.
Social Work Students’ Experiences With Group Work in the Field Practicum

ABSTRACTThe study reported on in this article assessed MSW and BSW students’ opportunities to practice group work in their field practicum. More than one third of participants had no such opportunity during their yearlong internship, despite their program’s requirement that group work opportunities be available. Among the students who did have experience leading a group for clients, their opportunities to engage in core group work activities and skills was limited, as was their academic preparation to do so. Students demonstrated a desire to practice group work as professionals. Yet the findings call into question whether they were adequately prepared to effectively engage in the modality. The findings underscore the need for schools and programs of social work to collaborate more closely with field instructors and agencies to ensure that students are provided with suitable opportunities to practice group work. Greater attention also must be focused on ensuring that practice opportunities in the field ref...
Introduction to ASReml Software

ASReml has been become a default software for analysis of linear mixed models. The Average Information Sparse Matrix algorithm of ASReml makes the software very fast to solve large number of mixed model equations. The software is flexible to fit complex variance structures in mixed models. We introduce ASReml stand alone and a brief introduction to ASReml-R in this chapter. Fitting more complex variance structures in mixed models using ASReml is given in Chaps. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Distributed loss method to suppress high order modes in broad area quantum cascade lasers

We describe a method where the standard fabrication of broad area quantum cascade lasers is modified to provide a controlled amount of direct contact of device sidewalls with metal. We demonstrate that this provides sufficient levels of distributed losses to suppress the high order transverse modes in favor of the fundamental or near-fundamental transverse mode operation. We observe that the quantum cascade laser power and slope efficiency are degraded by a small amount, resulting in a large increase in brightness to accompany the power scaling.
The Trapezium Dislocation: Case Presentation, Review of the Literature, Radiographic Analysis, Proposed Classification, and Treatment.

Background: Trapezium dislocations are rare injuries. Methods: A PubMed search of the term “trapezium dislocation” was conducted. Publications reporting a complete trapezium dislocation were includ...
Trickle Irrigation: Congestion Relief for Communication With Network Coding

Network coding schemes have recently been used for error control when communicating over lossy channels. However, there does not exist congestion control mechanisms in the literature that are specifically tailored for these coding techniques. This paper, for the first time, proposes Trickle , a lightweight and practical congestion control framework that is customized to meet the needs of coding. Trickle is designed based on the principle of back pressure, and maintains a novel triple-node indexed queueing structure at each node. As compared to existing back pressure protocols with perdestination or perlink queues, Trickle uses significantly fewer queues, and is thus more scalable to larger networks. Our experimental results have shown that Trickle achieves much higher throughput than IEEE 802.11b for fountain codes, network coding, as well as noncoded TCP in multihop wireless networks.
Local Government Fragmentation: Effects on Quality of Service

Existing literature on the consequences of local government fragmentation has focused on government spending, largely ignoring potential effects on quality of service. This paper investigates the relationship between the two types of fragmentation and quality of service delivery as measured by structure fire response time. Results suggest that vertical fragmentation – the extent to which governments are layered – may negatively impact quality of service. Fire departments run by special districts provided significantly slower response than municipal departments, controlling for median household income and population density. The data further show that among municipal departments, horizontal fragmentation – the extent to which non-overlapping municipalities are concentrated – also has a negative effect on service quality. Those municipal departments located in highly fragmented metro areas provided significantly slower service, on average, than those in less fragmented areas. These findings contradict expectations based on theories of intermunicipal competition and support those based on economies of scale. The analysis provides insight for ongoing discussions regarding municipal consolidations, suggesting they may enhance quality of service.
Strategic risk management using stochastic programming

Strategic risk management concerns actions and policies that control the impact of uncertainties over a relatively long time horizon: Manufacturers must weigh the uncertainties involved in building a new facility that may take five years to bring into production; insurance companies must allocate underwriting flows among asset categories to take into account the possible impact of a bad hurricane season sometime in the next few years, etc.
Nonlinear space-charge-limited ion currents in solid helium

Expressions are obtained for steady-state and transient space-charge-limited currents for a nonlinear velocity-field relation of the form v(E) = (μ/γ) × sinh(γE). Our experimental results are analyzed with these expressions. The positive-ion diffusion coefficient is a tensor with two activation energies associated with motion along c axis and in the basal plane. For bcc3He the dependence of negative-ion velocity on field is highly nonlinear and temperature dependent. Results are compared with those of other authors and discussed in light of different models for ionic motion in solid helium. The diffusion coefficients for positive ions and isotopic impurities are compared and discussed.
Microbicide Dosage Forms

Microbicides are topically applied, user controlled dosage forms that are being developed to prevent the transmission of HIV during coitus. Early candidates focused on coitally dependent dosage forms such as gels and creams. More recent development has focused on broadening the coitally dependent options through the introduction of films and fast dissolving tablets. Additionally, it has become important to have longer acting products to minimize the burden of user compliance and thus vaginal rings have been developed providing sustained delivery of antiretroviral drugs. This chapter discusses the history of microbicides along with a detailed description of coitally dependent products, gels, films, tablets diaphragms, as well as coitally independent dosage forms such as vaginal rings and the introduction of a new technology, electrospun fibers.
LORETA Neurofeedback in College Students with ADHD

This chapter reviews theoretical treatment approaches of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a college population that incorporate low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) neurofeedback. The chapter will incorporate recently developed models of self-regulation and cognitive control as having both theoretical and practical importance in the treatment of college-aged students with ADHD. Additionally, self-regulation may provide an important mediating construct to explain differential treatment outcomes in ADHD. Treatment approaches involving a multidimensional assessment of attention and working memory measures are reviewed along with LORETA protocols targeting attention networks in the brain, which overlap with brain networks involved with self-regulation. Finally, two case studies from a research project using LORETA NF with a college population with ADHD are presented to illustrate the proposed model.
Two distinct catalytic strategies in the hepatitis δ virus ribozyme cleavage reaction

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme and related RNAs are widely dispersed in nature. This RNA is a small nucleolytic ribozyme that self-cleaves to generate products with a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and a free 5'-hydroxyl. Although small ribozymes are dependent on divalent metal ions under biologically relevant buffer conditions, they function in the absence of divalent metal ions at high ionic strengths. This characteristic suggests that a functional group within the covalent structure of small ribozymes is facilitating catalysis. Structural and mechanistic analyses have demonstrated that the HDV ribozyme active site contains a cytosine with a perturbed pK(a) that serves as a general acid to protonate the leaving group. The reaction of the HDV ribozyme in monovalent cations alone never approaches the velocity of the Mg(2+)-dependent reaction, and there is significant biochemical evidence that a Mg(2+) ion participates directly in catalysis. A recent crystal structure of the HDV ribozyme revealed that there is a metal binding pocket in the HDV ribozyme active site. Modeling of the cleavage site into the structure suggested that this metal ion can interact directly with the scissile phosphate and the nucleophile. In this manner, the Mg(2+) ion can serve as a Lewis acid, facilitating deprotonation of the nucleophile and stabilizing the conformation of the cleavage site for in-line attack of the nucleophile at the scissile phosphate. This catalytic strategy had previously been observed only in much larger ribozymes. Thus, in contrast to most large and small ribozymes, the HDV ribozyme uses two distinct catalytic strategies in its cleavage reaction.
Abstract A09: Rational combinational therapy with PARP and BRD4 inhibitor in ovarian cancer

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are selectively active in cells with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency (HRD) caused by mutations in BRCA1/2 and other pathway members. We thus sought small-molecule inhibitors that induce HRD in HR competent cells to identify approaches to induce synthetic lethality with PARPi and extend the utility of PARPi. We demonstrate that inhibition of bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) induces HRD and sensitizes cells across multiple tumor lineages to PARPi regardless of BRCA1/2, TP53, RAS, or BRAF status. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Chaoyang Sun, Jun Yin, Yong Fang, Gordon B. Mills. Rational combinational therapy with PARP and BRD4 inhibitor in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference: Addressing Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment; Oct 1-4, 2017; Pittsburgh, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(15_Suppl):Abstract nr A09.
Optimizing Millimeter-Wave Backhaul Networks in Roadside Environments

With the advent of 5G, mmWave communications are being investigated for wireless backhaul. The high data rates possible with mmWave are well suited for backhaul networks, while the large number of small cells necessary to support 5G make connecting fiber to every base station difficult and costly. We investigate backhaul topologies deployed along roadsides to provide 5G service to vehicles. The challenge is to achieve the very high data rates necessary to handle backhaul traffic while managing self interference that can occur due to the near- straight-line topology that arises from a roadside deployment. We investigate wireless backhaul networks that use relay nodes and a regular triangular-wave topology to meet the performance objective. The triangular-wave is a regular topology that can be deployed on regularly-spaced lampposts alongside a road. We derive conditions necessary for the triangular-wave topology to be interference-free and throughput-optimal. We also investigate how the proposed topology performs using lamppost positions taken from a 12 km stretch of highway in Atlanta. Results show that the topology can achieve throughputs very close to the ideal case and is capable of supporting backhaul throughputs of 10+ Gbps in real roadside environments.
Medicaid Long-Term Community Care in California and Texas: A Growing Fiscal Challenge in a New Era

This study compares alternative approaches to providing community-based long-term care to low-income Medicaid eligible elders in California and Texas, two states with large Mexican-origin populations. As smaller families, the migration of children away from their parent’s communities, the need for women to work, and other factors undermine the family’s traditional role as the sole provider of all of the care an infirm elderly parent needs new experiments with publicly funded community care become necessary. Given the growing cost to states of Medicaid-financed long-term care various experimental Medicaid waiver programs have been introduced in both states. Yet the current mix of approaches to community care differs, with potentially significant implications for state expenditures, costs to families, and quality of life for elderly parents. While Texas has focused on consolidating most of its waiver programs into a single state wide capitated managed care program, California continues to experiment with a more diverse set of local programs. The chapter ends with a discussion of the implications of these differences for long-term care policy and the potential consequences of proposals by the current administration to give states more latitude in developing new approaches to offset the rising costs of Medicaid.
Higher Order Exceptional Points in Discrete Photonics Platforms

The introduction of parity-time (PT) symmetry in optics and photonics has initiated intense activities exploring the exotic properties of these structures, eventually leading to the more general notion of non-Hermitian photonics. Efforts to understand the behavior of these systems have revealed a host of distinct features originating from the unusual character of their eigenspectra and eigenstates. These include for example, spontaneous symmetry breaking, bandgap merging, laser self-termination, unidirectional invisibility, and ultra-sensitivity to external perturbations. A central notion pertinent to all these effects is the concept of exceptional points (EPs). Also known as branch points, EPs are non-Hermitian spectral singularities that arise when two (or more) eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenstates become identical. While exceptional points of order two have been studied thoroughly at both the theoretical and experimental level, higher order EPs are attracting attention only recently. Here we discuss a systematic approach based on a recursive bosonic quantization scheme for generating discrete photonic networks that exhibit exceptional points of any arbitrary order. We also discuss the spectral properties and the extreme dynamics near these singularities as well as their physical implementation in various photonic platforms.
Potential of High-Stability Perovskite Solar Cells for Low-Intensity–Low-Temperature (LILT) Outer Planetary Space Missions

Mixed-cation-based perovskite solar cells are investigated under conditions consistent with those found in orbit around Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Temperature dependent photoluminescence spectra sh...
Clinical analysis of 115 case of children with Abdominal allergic purpura

Objective:To study the clinical incidence and characteristics of abdominal allergic purpura in children. Methods:A hospital-based study was conducted including 115 cases with abdominal allergic purpura. All subjects of this study were recruited and clinical manifestations of cases were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The clinical data of 115 children who were definitely diagnosed with abdominal allergic purpura,based on typical purpura and digestive sympton,and fourty-four cases with abnormal urine routine. Conclusion: Abdominal allergic purpura was a common disorder,but easy to be misdiagnosed. So it was helpful to diagnosis of abdominal allergic purpura in the early stagebyusingfibergastroscopeandotherauxiliaryexamination.Abdominalallergicpurpurawasacomplexconditionand usuallyassociated with comorbidities including complicated intussusception, necrotizing enterocolitis and gastrointestinalbleeding,etc.Thehigh-dosemethylprednisolonetherapywillcontributetodiseaserecovery.
Modeling Metamaterial Element in Dielectric-filled Waveguide-fed Metasurface Antennas

We study the modeling of metamaterial elements etched into planar, dielectric-filled waveguides for metasurface antennas. Metamaterial elements in these devices are subwavelength-sized, resonant openings embedded in waveguide walls—that can be modeled as the electric and magnetic dipoles—and couple to waveguide modes and radiate into free space. Due to a dielectric filling the waveguide, the dipole moments representing the element can contribute unequally to the scattered fields into the waveguide and the radiated fields into free space. Such different dipole strengths need to be considered for analytic modeling of metasurfaces. In this work, we present a retrieval of dipole moments of a metamaterial element by applying the law of power conservation and demonstrate its utility in the analytic model for the metasurface antennas.
Incidence and predictors of positive intraoperative cultures in primary shoulder arthroplasty following prior ipsilateral shoulder surgery

Background To our knowledge, the rate of positive intraoperative cultures in patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty with prior ipsilateral nonarthroplasty shoulder surgery is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of positive cultures in these patients. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients with prior ipsilateral shoulder surgery with intraoperative cultures taken at the time of primary shoulder arthroplasty. We evaluated culture results, demographics, and number of prior surgeries. Regression analysis was used to determine patient-related risk factors that predict positive cultures. Results A total of 682 patients underwent primary shoulder arthroplasty, 83 had at least 1 prior ipsilateral shoulder surgery: 65.1% male, mean age 64.2 ± 10.9 years. For the cohort of 83 patients, an average of 3.2 ± 1.2 tissue samples were obtained for each patient, with a mean of 0.84 ± 1.14 tissue cultures being positive (range 0-5). Thirty-seven of the 83 patients (44.5%) had at least 1 positive culture, with Cutibacterium acnes the most frequent organism (31/37; 83.4%). An average of 1.9 ± 0.96 tissue cultures resulted positive (range 1-5) for the 37 patients who had positive cultures, 40.5% (15/37) had only 1 positive tissue culture (12/15 C acnes, 2/15 Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 1/15 vancomycin-resistant enterococcus). Male sex and history of prior shoulder infection were predictive of culture positivity (odds ratios: 2.5 and 20.9, respectively). Age, race, medical comorbidities, number of prior shoulder surgeries, and time from index shoulder surgery were not predictive of culture positivity. Conclusion About 45% of patients with no clinical signs of infection and a history of prior ipsilateral shoulder surgery undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty grew positive intraoperative cultures. The significance of these findings remains unclear with regard to risk of periprosthetic infection and how these patients should be managed.
On Freedom from Interference in Mixed-Criticality Systems: A Causal Learning Approach

Freedom from Interference (FFI) is one of the critical criteria to support coexistence of elements with different criticality in a mixed-criticality system (MCS). The principle of FFI is to ensure an element with lower criticality cannot influence an element with higher criticality. Existing FFI analysis solutions mainly focus on product development phase, and most are qualitative methods. They were inefficient to provide a comprehensive coverage of trouble spots due to wide environmental or usage model variations in many applications. They were also difficult to differentiate cascading effect from common-source effect. In this paper we propose a causal learning method based upon mining in-field anomaly data, which have embodied rich real-life information, to verify FFI. It is expected to address the aforementioned challenges, providing a new way to identify interference issues.
Predicting restoration outcomes based on organizational and ecological factors

For restoration to be an effective strategy to reverse large‐scale habitat loss and land degradation, funding programs need policies that promote selection of and commitment to projects that can reasonably be expected to succeed. Programmatic project selection practices have received minimal formal evaluation, despite their importance. In this study, we considered the extent to which a program needs to consider both ecological and organizational factors during project selection in order to minimize the incidence of project failure. Our assessment of a long‐term program that funds ecological restoration efforts across Minnesota (U.S.A.), based on project records, manager surveys, and field surveys, yielded several broadly relevant insights. First, factors well understood to confer ecological resilience (level of landscape alteration and starting condition) were clearly associated with restoration outcomes, regardless of time‐since‐initiation of restoration. Second, restoration of low‐resilience ecosystems is typically a labor‐ and skill‐intensive enterprise for organizations that undertake them. Our analysis revealed four organizational limitations, in addition to insufficient funds, that hindered capacity to keep projects on‐track: lack of planning and goal‐setting, inadequate staffing, leadership change, and incomplete records. Third, to reduce risk, programs do not necessarily need to avoid challenging projects, but do need to consider whether organizations proposing restorations have adequate internal capacity to competently plan and to sustain actions for a duration sufficient to restore ecological resilience. If a restoration is degraded enough to require human intervention to recover, the outcome of a project is as likely to reflect its organizational reality as much as its ecological circumstances.
Effect of Skeletonization of Bilateral Internal Thoracic Arteries on Deep Sternal Wound Infections

Background Bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITA) coronary bypass grafting may improve long-term outcomes but is associated with increased deep sternal wound infections (DSWIs). We analyzed whether BITA skeletonization impacts DSWIs and operative mortality (OM) using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. Methods Primary, isolated, nonemergent/nonsalvage BITA patients (July 2017 to December 2018) in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database were divided into groups based on BITA harvesting technique: both skeletonized (ssBITA) and ≥1 nonskeletonized (Non-ssBITA). DSWI and OM observed-to-expected (O/E) ratios were compared using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Perioperative Risk Models. ssBITA versus Non-ssBITA DSWI and OM adjusted odds ratios were calculated by multivariable logistic regression and corroborated by propensity score matching. Results We analyzed 11,269 patients (42.8% ssBITA, 57.2% Non-ssBITA, 770 hospitals, 1448 surgeons). The ssBITA group had a higher incidence of comorbidities and off-pump surgery. Overall incidences of DSWIs and OM were 0.98% (O/E ratio, 5.1) and 1.72% (O/E ratio, 1.4), respectively, and were 28% (P = .129) and 23% (P = .096) lower in ssBITA. The DSWI O/E ratio was highest (5.9) in Non-ssBITA and lowest in ss-BITA (4.1). After multivariable adjustment, ssBITA was associated with a decreased risk of DSWIs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-1.00; P = .05), with no difference in OM. These results were confirmed among 3884 propensity score–matched pairs. DSWIs increased sharply with increasing number of risk factors for DSWIs regardless of harvesting technique, with a trend for higher DSWIs among Non-ssBITA for all risk categories. Conclusions The observed high O/E ratio indicates that BITA grafting is associated with increased risk of DSWIs. Risk-adjusted DSWI rate and a lower O/E ratio in ssBITA support the protective role of skeletonization.
Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy-Related Wound Morbidity in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Perspectives for Radioprotective Agents

Historically, patients with localized soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities would undergo limb amputation. It was subsequently determined that the addition of radiation therapy (RT) delivered prior to (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) a limb-sparing surgical resection yielded equivalent survival outcomes to amputation in appropriate patients. Generally, neoadjuvant radiation offers decreased volume and dose of high-intensity radiation to normal tissue and increased chance of achieving negative surgical margins-but also increases wound healing complications when compared to adjuvant radiotherapy. This review elaborates on the current neoadjuvant/adjuvant RT approaches, wound healing complications in STS, and the potential application of novel radioprotective agents to minimize radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity.
MHD stability constraints on divertor heat flux width in DIII-D

Abstract The radial width of the exhaust heat flux flowing in the SOL of DIII-D is found to expand at high input power and plasma density, consistent with MHD ballooning stability limits. At low heating power, ~3 MW, the SOL width remains constant and consistent with established empirical scaling dependent only on the midplane poloidal field. At high heating power, ~ 13 MW a higher separatrix density, and resulting higher separatrix pressure is required for divertor detachment. The separatrix pressure gradient at the separatrix continues to increase with density until it begins to saturate at levels ~50% above the calculated ideal MHD ballooning limit. Examination of the separate contributions to the pressure gradient from electrons and ions reveals the ion pressure gradient to saturate more strongly than the electron pressure gradient. Potential analysis issues leading to the measured pressure gradient exceeding the ballooning limit are discussed. At high density, particularly for detached divertor plasmas, the SOL width for temperature and density expand modestly, ~30–50%. The divertor plasma density profile in detachment also reflects this trend, expanding in the radial direction a factor of 2–3. Despite the SOL width expansion at the highest power and density no degradation of the pedestal and resulting core confinement is observed with the additional density at high power. These results imply a more favorable scaling for divertor heat flux control in future reactor-scale tokamaks than predicted by existing empirical scaling.
An experimental investigation of the effects of self-criticism and self-compassion on implicit associations with non-suicidal self-injury

Abstract Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the intentional destruction of bodily tissue in the absence of suicidal motives. Individuals who self-injure often report doing so in order to punish the self or express self-hatred. Self-criticism, or thoughts marked by shame, self-consciousness, and inferiority, is associated with higher rates of NSSI while self-compassion, or the tendency to be sympathetic and caring with oneself, is negatively associated with NSSI. The aim of the present study was to determine whether experimentally-induced self-criticism would increase and self-compassion would decrease implicit identification with NSSI. Participants were randomly assigned to either a self-criticism induction, a self-compassion induction, or a neutral, control condition and completed a measure of strength of the automatic associations that a person holds between themselves and self-harming behaviors before and after the experimental induction. Study hypotheses were partially supported. Results showed that participants in the self-criticism induction experienced an increase in their implicit associations with NSSI while implicit associations in the self-compassion condition did not significantly change. These results highlight the importance of self-criticism in NSSI. Future research should examine increases in self-criticism as a potential precursor of NSSI in longitudinal samples.
Deep Learning Techniques for Speech Emotion Recognition, from Databases to Models.

The advancements in neural networks and the on-demand need for accurate and near real-time Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) in human–computer interactions make it mandatory to compare available methods and databases in SER to achieve feasible solutions and a firmer understanding of this open-ended problem. The current study reviews deep learning approaches for SER with available datasets, followed by conventional machine learning techniques for speech emotion recognition. Ultimately, we present a multi-aspect comparison between practical neural network approaches in speech emotion recognition. The goal of this study is to provide a survey of the field of discrete speech emotion recognition.
Type II Protein Secretion and Twin-Arginine Translocation Promote the Pathogenesis of Legionella pneumophila

Translocation of fully or partially folded proteins across bacterial membranes is a remarkable property of the type II secretion (T2S) system and the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway. This chapter summarizes our current knowledge of the significance of T2S and Tat for Legionella pneumophila. Mutational analysis showed that the Legionella secretion pathway (Lsp) promotes the secretion of at least 11 degradative enzymes, including acid phosphatases, chitinase, zinc-metalloprotease, ribonuclease, mono-, di-, triacylglycerol lipases, phospholipase A (PLA), lysophospholipases A (LPLA) and phospholipases C (PLC). Although all these strategies have been successful, they all have their limitation in defining the complete set of proteins secreted by the Lsp pathway. First, the genes encoding the secreted chitinase, ribonuclease, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase have not yet been identified. Second, genetic analysis indicates that some identified exoenzymes do not account for all the corresponding Lsp-dependent activity; e.g., supernatants of the plcA-negative strain retain 50% of the PLC activity of the wild type, indicating that there is more than one Lsp-secreted PLC. Finally, there are probably some additional Lsp-secreted proteins whose function has not been tested for. In conclusion, the Lsp system promotes the secretion of degradative enzymes, growth at low temperature, intracellular replication within amoebae and macrophages, as well as virulence in A/J mice. Moreover, the Tat pathway facilitates secretion of phospholipase C, cytochrome c–dependent respiration, growth in iron-limiting conditions, as well as intracellular replication. Further identification and characterization of Lsp and Tat substrates should therefore enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of L. pneumophila.
Myosin from dystrophic and control chicken muscle. II. Molecular weight, electrophoretic properties, salt sensitivity, aggregation, and amino acid composition.

Abstract Myosins from muscle of control and genetically dystrophic chicken muscle have been isolated by conventional salt fractionation procedures and further purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. Purified myosins from both muscle sources appeared to have the same molecular weight (about 5.3 × 10 5 ) as determined by high-speed equilibrium centrifugation. They also exhibited similar electrophoretic behavior, with isoelectric points at pH 5.5. After incubation in 0.5 m KCl-0.01 m histidine (pH 6.8) at 26 ° for as long as 24 hours, some monomeric myosin remained. Incubation at 37 ° for 3 hours resulted in complete aggregation and loss of ATPase activity. Myosins from both muscle types were relatively stable at 0 ° for 30 days in the KCl-histidine buffer. The following solvent systems were equally satisfactory: tetramethylammonium chloride, histidine; tetraethylammonium chloride, histidine; and tetramethylammonium phosphate. ATPase activities of mysoins from either muscle type were similarly lowered by increasing concentrations of KCl. Amino acid compositions appeared to be the same. The present results, together with those from an earlier study, provide no evidence for any molecular alteration in myosin as a result of the dystrophic condition. In general, chicken myosin appears to retain enzyme activity better and be less subject to aggregation than myosin from rabbit and several species of fish.
Assessment of Self-Motivation and Selected Physiological Characteristics as Predictors of Adherence to Exercise in a Corporate Setting

Abstract The intent of this investigatian was to determine if self-motivation and selected physiological characteristics could be used to predict whether persons would complete a structured exercise/fitness program in a corporate setting. The investigation was a correlational design research study involving one group of subjects being measured on individual difference variables. Regression analysis was the statistical technique applied in the behavioral research study. This analysis utilized the relation between two or more quantitative variables so that one variable could be predicted from the other. Ninety-four volunteer subjects who enrolled in a major corporate health/fitness program in New Jersey were participants in the study. Data collected from each subject included: (1) 13 physiological health variables; (2) a score on the Self-Motivation Inventory; and (3) adherence to the structured exercise program based upon attendance records in the corporate health/fitness center. Based upon the statistical...
The Symmetry Properties of Nonrigid Molecules

In this chapter we consider the theory of the symmetry properties of nonrigid molecules (NRMs). This problem has been widely discussed in recent years, with the interpretation and fundamental status of various approaches being examined very closely. Such continued interest reflects and is inspired by the lively controversies that have arisen within the subject, and the fact that some significant differences of opinion still remain.
Effect of meal composition on postprandial blood glucose levels in middle aged and young adults (1107.6)

Effect of meal composition on postprandial blood glucose levels was determined in two cohorts, one middle aged (MA) (35-55 years) and one young adult (YA) (19-24 years). Subjects first completed an...
Massive basketball diagram for a thermal scalar field theory

The ''basketball diagram'' is a three-loop vacuum diagram for a scalar field theory that cannot be expressed in terms of one-loop diagrams. We calculate this diagram for a massive scalar field at nonzero temperature, reducing it to expressions involving three-dimensional integrals that can be easily evaluated numerically. We use this result to calculate the free energy for a massive scalar field with a {phi}{sup 4} interaction to three-loop order. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Some New Optimum Golomb Rectangles

We give some new optimum Golomb rectangles found by computer search. AMS Subject Classiflcation. 05B99 In (2) Robinson deflned a Golomb rectangle as an N£M array of ones and zeros such that the two-dimensional autocorrelation has three values: 0; 1a ndK ,w here K is the number of ones in the array. This means that the positions of the ones in any nonzero integral translation of the rectangle will overlap with the positions of the ones in the original position of the rectangle in at most one place. Equivalently, the difierences between the positions of every pair of ones in the rectangle, considered as vectors, are distinct. See also (1). LetG(N;M) be the maximum number of ones that can be present in an N£M Golomb rectangle. For example G(2; 2) = 3. Robinson deflned an optimum Golomb rectangle to be one containing G(N;M) ones. We prefer to add the conditions G(N;M) >G (Ni 1;M )a ndG(N;M) >G (N;Mi 1). In table 1 we give a number of new optimum Golomb rectangles found by computer search. In most cases they are far from unique. Note there exists a 2£ 18 rectangle with 9 ones. The rectangle in Robinson's table V is 2£ 20 an apparent misprint. A brief description of the computer program used to flnd these rectangles follows. Recall that a Golomb ruler is a set of integers a1 <a 2 <¢¢¢ <a k for which the ˆ k 2 !
DRYMONIA TOMENTULIFERA, SP. NOVA DE COSTA RICA, Y NOTAS SOBRE LA BIOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DEL GÉNERO DRYMONIA (GESNERIACEAE: EPISCIEAE)

A new species of the neotropical genus Drymonia, D. tomentulifera, is described and illustrated, and compared to D. pilifera. Notes on the reproductive biology, especially the widespread occurrence of protandry in the genus Drymonia are included.
Fault tolerance in VSAT front-end signal processing subsystems

Very small aperture terminal satellite communications systems rely on sophisticated space-borne signal processing resources, particularly efficient block processing configurations. Fault tolerance in these processing operations is an important requirement. New techniques for fault-tolerant signal processing designs at the data flow level are presented. The front-end processing needed for demultiplexing, demodulation and error-correcting decoding is addressed, using algorithm based fault tolerance methods. Block processing demultiplexers are protected by introducing internal low-rate parity calculations based on real number codes. On the other hand, the channels' error-correcting codes provide threads of redundancy through the demodulators and decoders which are employed in checking their computational integrity. >
Time dependence of strange baryon freeze-out in relativistic heavy ion collisions

We investigate chemical and thermal freeze-out time dependencies of strange baryon production for CERN SPS heavy ion collisions in the framework of a dynamical hadronic transport code. We show that the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ yield changes considerably after hadronization in the case of Pb+Pb collisions, whereas for smaller system sizes (e.g., S+S) the direct particle production dominates over production from inelastic rescattering. Chemical freeze-out times for strange baryons in Pb+Pb are smaller than for nonstrange baryons, but they are still sufficiently long for hadronic rescattering to contribute significantly to the final $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ yield.
Chapter 15 – Concluding Remarks

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a retrospective evaluation and presents some aspects of the design strategy. It presents a list of the following goals: (1) to facilitate the understanding and communication of models, (2) to facilitate the creation of models with high degrees of complexity, (3) to facilitate the reuse of models, techniques, and ideas, (4) to facilitate the extension of models, (5) to facilitate the creation of models that are correct, and (6) to facilitate the translation of models into programs. The chapter also describes the several features of the computer-aided design tool.
Ether in the developing world: rethinking an abandoned agent.

Background: The first true demonstration of ether as an inhalation anesthetic was on October 16, 1846 by William T.G. Morton, a Boston dentist. Ether has been replaced completely by newer inhalation agents and open drop delivery systems have been exchanged for complicated vaporizers and monitoring systems. Anesthesia in the developing world, however, where lack of financial stability has halted the development of the field, still closely resembles primitive anesthetics. Discussion: In areas where resources are scarce, patients are often not given supplemental intraoperative analgesia. While halothane provides little analgesia, ether provides excellent intra-operative pain control that can extend for several hours into the postoperative period. An important barrier to the widespread use of ether is availability. With decreasing demand, production of the inexpensive inhalation agent has fallen. Summary: Ether is inexpensive to manufacture, and encouraging increased production at a local level would help developing nations to cut costs and become more self-sufficient.
The effect of activated carbon surface moisture on low temperature mercury adsorption

Experiments with elemental mercury (Hg0) adsorption by activated carbons were performed using a bench-scale fixed-bed reactor at room temperature (27°C) to determine the role of surface moisture in capturing Hg0. A bituminous-coal-based activated carbon (BPL) and an activated carbon fiber (ACN) were tested for Hg0 adsorption capacity. About 75–85% reduction in Hg0 adsorption was observed when both carbon samples’ moisture (∼2 wt.% as received) was removed by heating at 110°C prior to the Hg0 adsorption experiments. These observations strongly suggest that the moisture contained in activated carbons plays a critical role in retaining Hg0 under these conditions. The common effect of moisture on Hg0 adsorption was observed for both carbons, despite extreme differences in their ash contents. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments performed on the two carbons after adsorption indicated that chemisorption of Hg0 is a dominant process over physisorption for the moisture-containing samples. The nature of the mercury bonding on carbon surface was examined by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. XAFS results provide evidence that mercury bonding on the carbon surface was associated with oxygen. The results of this study suggest that surface oxygen complexes provide the active sites for mercury bonding. The adsorbed H2O is closely associated with surface oxygen complexes and the removal of the H2O from the carbon surface by low-temperature heat treatment reduces the number of active sites that can chemically bond Hg0 or eliminates the reactive surface conditions that favor Hg0 adsorption.
What is known about the health of rural homeless families

Families represent the fastest-growing subgroup of the homeless population. Most of the research has focused on urban homeless families and not on rural homeless families. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and health of rural homeless families in Ohio. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to study 76 families who had 125 children under 12 years of age. An interview schedule, the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the SCL-90-R were used to collect data. The majority of the mothers perceived themselves and their children as having no physical health problems. Twenty-four of the children were behind on their immunizations. Forty-four (52%) of the children under 6 years of age had DDST scores that indicated they might have developmental lags and 15 of the children over 4 years of age had CBCL scores that indicated they might have behavioral problems. The reported use of illegal drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes was high for this group of mothers. Strategies are included that nurses can use in working with rural homeless families.
Validation of Blockage Interference Corrections in the National Transonic Facility

A validation test has recently been constructed for wall interference methods as applied to the National Transonic Facility (NTF). The goal of this study was to begin to address the uncertainty of wall-induced-blockage interference corrections, which will make it possible to address the overall quality of data generated by the facility. The validation test itself is not specific to any particular modeling. For this present effort, the Transonic Wall Interference Correction System (TWICS) as implemented at the NTF is the mathematical model being tested. TWICS uses linear, potential boundary conditions that must first be calibrated. These boundary conditions include three different classical, linear. homogeneous forms that have been historically used to approximate the physical behavior of longitudinally slotted test section walls. Results of the application of the calibrated wall boundary conditions are discussed in the context of the validation test.
Harvey Cushing's contributions to motor mapping: 1902-1912.

Abstract This review examined Dr. Harvey Cushing’s cases in the surgical records of Johns Hopkins Hospital, from 1896 to 1912. 41 patients who underwent cortical stimulation for intra-operative motor mapping were selected for further analysis. We demonstrate that Cushing used cortical stimulation to define primary motor and sensory cortices in the treatment of tumors, trauma, and epilepsy, within adult and pediatric populations. In addition, he performed stimulation of sub-cortical white matter during 4 of these surgeries, setting the stage for contemporary use of this technique in improving post-operative outcomes. This review of Cushing’s early intra-operative motor mapping illuminates his contributions, and clarifies his influence on the evolution of cortical mapping from an experimental technique to a staple of contemporary neurosurgery.
Studies of the Startle Pattern: IV. Infants

(1936). Studies of the Startle Pattern: IV. Infants. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 339-352.