cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Balanced Book Hypothesis – Bettor Preferences and Results in the NFL

Data on betting percentages, both in terms of number of bets and actual money wagered, is still difficult to find. Sports Action Network, in their premium access service, does provide this data in terms of both number of bets and money bet. For the2020 NFL season, it was found that the balanced book could be rejected as bettors were shown to prefer road favorites, big favorites, and the over at the highest totals. Allowing this imbalance in the sides market appeared profitable for the book as the underdog won more often than implied by efficiency, while totals were evenly split.
Looking for a Man-to-Child Bond

The base question being asked in this chapter is, “Why would a man, any man, want to be a father?” A secondary question becomes, “What is the genesis of that want? Why is want there at all? A tertiary question becomes, “How would someone investigate that want or inclination?
Enhanced data services in GPRS networks via auction-based prices for admission

We propose an auction-based pricing scheme for admission in a GPRS network, that could enhance the GPRS data service. Important features of our approach are the partitioning of dedicated channels for enhanced data service and the employment of an auction mechanism based on revenue-maximizing auctions (optimal auctions).
A delta-sigma modulator for 1-bit digital switching amplifier [audio power amplifier]

A delta-sigma modulator for a 1-bit digital switching amplifier is presented. To achieve high SNR and a large input range, a 7/sup th/ order single-loop single-bit modulator using a feedback comparator was designed. The chip was implemented in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process with optional 5 V transistors. The measured SNR is 111 dB and the distortion (THD+N) is 0.0015 %. The normalized maximum allowable input range is 0.89. The chip area is 12.6 mm/sup 2/ and it draws 60 mA from a 5 V supply.
A glimpse of truth maintenance

To choose their actions, reasoning programs must be able to draw conclusions from limited information and subsequently revise their beliefs when discoveries invalidate previous assumptions. In the Truth Maintenance System (TMS) I introduce a new notion of "reason for belief which permits the mechanization of these abilities as a problem solver subsystem The TMS records and maintains the reasons for program beliefs. These recorded reasons are useful in constructing explanations of program beliefs and actions, and in guiding the course of action of a problem solver. This paper outlines some of the structure and applications of the TMS.
Research Issues and Needs regarding Teacher use of Classroom Management Strategies

In this paper research is identified that supports the use of specific classroom management strategies in classrooms for children with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Information is prese...
INTRAMURAL (TUBAL) SPREAD OF LINITIS PLASTICA ALONG THE ALIMENTARY TRACT.

Summary Seven cases of extensive "tubal spread" of carcinoma of the stomach, linitis plastica type, are reported. The spread takes place in the submucosal, intramuscular, and subserosal tissue spaces and lymphatic channels, is accompanied by fibrosis, and gives rise to an extensive thickening of the esophagus, small intestine, and colon. Examination of sections from the autopsies of 100 patients with extensive abdominal carcinomatosis and secondary spread to the intestines from primary sites other than carcinoma of the stomach failed to show any tubal spread. Tubal spread seems to occur only in linitis plastica or similar undifferentiated carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. It may be due to milking of tumor cells via lymphatic channels as a result of peristaltic and possibly antiperistaltic movements.
The development and validation of an instrument to measure preceived strategic value of information systems

The authors present the theoretical conceptualization and validation of an instrument to measure the perceptions of top management on the strategic value of information systems (PSVIS). Responses for the PSVIS items from a sample of 71 senior level managers were used in measuring PSVIS. Factor analysis was used to determine the factor loadings and to empirically test the theoretical conceptualization of the dimensions of PSVIS presented. The reliability and validity values of the instrument were both high and indicate high confidence in the measurement of PSVIS. >
Neutron Irradiation Embrittlement of Several Higher Strength Steels

Abstract : Several steels representative of recently developed types and having potential for nuclear structural applications were exposed to high energy nuclear radiation, and the resultant properties were compared with those of the currently used A212-B and A302-B nuclear reactor pressure vessel steels. Preliminary results from several comparative irradiation experiments indicate that certain higher strength steels, in addition to having initial qualities of higher strength and lower initial ductile-brittle transition temperatures, show smaller embrittlement, earlier embrittlement saturation, and a superior overall response to irradiation at 550F than that observed for the steels in current reactor pressure vessels. (Author)
The Influence of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Normobaric Hypoxia

Abstract Seo, Yongsuk, Keith Burns, Curtis Fennell, Jung-Hyun Kim, John Gunstad, Ellen Glickman, and John McDaniel..The influence of exercise on cognitive performance in normobaric hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol 16:298–305, 2015.—Although previous reports indicate that exercise improves cognitive function in normoxia, the influence of exercise on cognitive function in hypoxia is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if the impaired cognitive function in hypoxia can be restored by low to moderate intensity exercise. Sixteen young healthy men completed the ANAM versions of the Go/No-Go task (GNT) and Running Memory Continuous Performance Task (RMCPT) in normoxia to serve as baseline (B-Norm) (21% O2). Following 60 minutes of exposure to normobaric hypoxia (B-Hypo) (12.5% O2), these tests were repeated at rest and during cycling exercise at 40% and 60% of adjusted Vo2max. At B-Hypo, the % correct (p≤0.001) and throughput score (p≤0.001) in RMCPT were significantly impaired compared to B-Norm. Durin...
Magnetic resonance imaging, microscopy, and spectroscopy of the central nervous system in experimental animals

Over the last two decades, microscopic resolution in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been developed and extensively used in the study of animal models of human diseases. Standard MRI methods are frequently used in clinical studies and in the general clinical practice of human neurological diseases. This generates a need for similar studies in experimental animal research. Because small rodents are the most commonly used species as animal models of neurological diseases, the MRI techniques need to be able to provide microscopic resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio images in relatively short time. Small animal MRI systems use very high field-strength magnets, which results in higher signal to noise ratio; however, the contrast characteristics of live tissue are different at these field strengths. In addition to standard MRI techniques, several new applications have been implemented in experimental animals, including diffusion and perfusion studies, MR angiography, functional MRI studies, MRI tractography, proton and phosphorous spectroscopy, cellular and molecular imaging using novel contrast methods. Here we give an overview of how to establish a small animal imaging facility with the goal of CNS imaging. We describe the basic physical processes leading to MR signal generation, highlighting the differences between standard clinical MRI and small animal MRI. Finally, typical findings in the most common neurological disease categories and novel MRI/magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods used in their study are also described.
Building Market Structures from Consumer Preferences

The authors present a model that maps competitive market structures by identifying the preference structure of each consumer segment. By marrying two different data types—switching probabilities an...
Some observations on the magnesium metabolism of the amphibian lens.

The Mg content of the amphibian lens is equivalent to 6–8 mmol/kg tissue water compared to 1·3 m m in the aqueous humor. The concentration in the lens nyclear region is only about 40% that in the cortical zone. About 65% of this lens Mg is retained following incubation with EDTA and freezing and thawing (=“bound”). Such estimated binding in the nuclear zone only accounted for about 13% of the total Mg there. Mg levels in the lens change slowly during incubation in vitro in solutions containing different Mg concentrations. They are not significantly influenced by metabolic inhibitors (CN and iodoacetate), ouabain or the absence of Na. Depolarization with a high K concentration also did not alter lens Mg. The observations suggest that the “free” unbound levels of the Mg in the lens are in physical equilibrium with that in the external bathing solutions. Mg may, however, be accumulated as a result of binding to tissue components. The lens is shown to have a very low permeability to Mg.
Coriolis influences on the interchange instability

Previous treatments of rotationally driven interchange motion assume rigid corotation and incorporate centrifugal force into an effective gravity. When the ionospheric acceleration time is short, this approximation is acceptable, but in remote regions of the Jovian magnetosphere, the constraining influence of the ionosphere is increasingly ineffective. Conservation of angular momentum then governs local dynamics, and the Coriolis force is an essential part of the perturbation analysis. If the ionosphere is absent, the result agrees with earlier studies of magnetized Couette flow. If the ionosphere is merely very ineffective, the interchange criterion is not changed, but the instability growth rate is significantly reduced from earlier calculations.
Alpha Interferon and HIV Infection Cause Activation of Human T Cells in NSG-BLT Mice

The development of small animal models for the study of HIV transmission is important for evaluation of HIV prophylaxis and disease pathogenesis. In humanized bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) mice, hematopoiesis is reconstituted by implantation of human fetal liver and thymus tissue (Thy/Liv) plus intravenous injection of autologous liver-derived hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPC). This results in reconstitution of human leukocytes in the mouse peripheral blood, lymphoid organs, and mucosal sites. NOD-scid interleukin-2 receptor-negative (IL-2Rγ(-/-)) (NSG)-BLT mice were inoculated intravaginally with HIV and were monitored for plasma viremia by a branched DNA assay 4 weeks later. T-cell activation was determined by expression of CD38 and HLA-DR on human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in mouse peripheral blood at the time of inoculation and 4 weeks later. Additional BLT mice were treated with human alpha interferon 2b (IFN-α2b) (intron A) and assessed for T-cell activation. Productive HIV infection in BLT mice was associated with T-cell activation (increases in CD38 mean fluorescence intensity and both the frequency and absolute number of CD38(+) HLA-DR(+) T cells) that correlated strongly with plasma viral load and was most pronounced in the CD8(+) T-cell compartment. This T-cell activation phenotype was recapitulated in NSG-BLT mice treated with intron A. HIV susceptibility correlated with the number of HSPC injected, yet a number of mice receiving the Thy/Liv implant alone, with no HSPC injection, were also susceptible to intravaginal HIV. These results are consistent with studies linking T-cell activation to progressive disease in humans and lend support for the use of NSG-BLT mice in studies of HIV pathogenesis.
Social facilitation of eating in the rat

The study investigated the effect of feeding schedule and social living conditions upon weight gain. The data suggested that “social facilitation” occurs under ad lib as well as periodic feeding but Ss on a periodic feeding schedule are more sensitive to social living conditions than Ss on an ad lib feeding schedule.
Conservation of function and primary structure in the BRCA1-associated RING domain (BARD1) protein.

The BRCA1 gene encodes a tumor suppressor that has been implicated in hereditary forms of breast and ovarian cancer. During S phase of the cell cycle, BRCA1 polypeptides are found in discrete nuclear bodies (`BRCA1 nuclear dots') together with HsRad51, a human homolog of the E. coli recA protein, and BARD1, a protein that interacts with BRCA1 to form a stable heterodimer. BARD1 is structurally similar to BRCA1 in that both molecules harbor an amino-terminal RING domain and two carboxy-terminal BRCT domains. Here we describe the amino acid sequence and expression pattern of murine Bard1. A comparison of the mouse and human sequences reveals that the recognizable protein motifs of BARD1 are well conserved, including the RING domain, the three tandem ankyrin repeats, and, to a lesser extent, the two BRCT domains. However, the remaining sequences of BARD1 display a markedly lower degree of phylogenetic conservation, comparable to those reported for BRCA1 and BRCA2. Moreover, murine Bard1 retains the ability to associate in vivo with BRCA1, and its expression pattern in adult mice mirrors that of Brca1, with elevated levels of RNA transcripts found in the testes and spleen. These data suggest that BRCA1 and BARD1 have co-evolved to participate in a common pathway of tumor suppression.
Lipoprotein(a): Genotype–Phenotype Relationship and Impact on Atherogenic Risk

Abstract In 2010, more than 45 years after the initial discovery of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] by Kare Berg, an European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel recommended screening for elevated Lp(a) in people at moderate to high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). This recommendation was based on extensive epidemiological findings demonstrating a significant association between elevated plasma Lp(a) levels and coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. In addition to those patients considered to be at moderate to high risk of heart disease, statin-treated patients with recurrent heart disease were also identified as targeted for screening of elevated Lp(a) levels. Taken together, recent findings have significantly strengthened the notion of Lp(a) as a causal risk factor for CVD. It is well established that Lp(a) levels are largely determined by the size of the apolipoprotein a [apo(a)] gene; however, recent studies have identified several other LPA gene polymorphisms that ...
Relative precision of stratified sampling, sampling with probability of selection proportional to size, and simple random sampling with ratio estimation

Variably of estimates in natural resources and the environmental sciences is high, and methods for increasing precision are important. Three different approaches have been applied to increase precision of sample based estimates by including auxiliary variables: these are stratified sampling, sampling with probability of selection proportion to size, and ratio estimation. The objective of this study was to determine the conditions under which each of these methods had a small error of estimate. Bivariate normal populations were generated with different coefficients of variation for both the variable of interest and the auxiliary variable, and with different correlations between the auxilliary variable, and with different correlations between the auxiliary variable and the variable of interest. All three approaches for increasing precision were applied to estimate the population means and determine the precision of the estimates relative to that of simple random sampling. Stratified sampling was the most precise method unless the coefficients of variation of both the variable of interest and the auxiliary variable were small and the correlation was high. This condition does not occur often in natural resources or the environmental sciences, and stratified sampling most often would be the best method for increasing precision.
Semi-empirical calculation method for transition metals

A semi-empirical molecular orbital method capable of giving useful bond energy and bond geometry information about transition metal compounds is presented. In this method, which for the first time applies a MINDO procedure to transition metals, the one electron part of the off diagonal Fock matrix elements are put proportional to overlap divided by inter-nuclear distance rather than being proportional to overlap as is conventional. Good results are obtained for FeH, FeH4, Fe2, Fe6, Fe(CO)5, FeO, O-Fe-O, and FeO2 (side- and end-bonded).
Finding topic words for hierarchical summarization

Hierarchies have long been used for organization, summarization, and access to information. In this paper we define summarization in terms of a probabilistic language model and use the definition to explore a new technique for automatically generating topic hierarchies by applying a graph-theoretic algorithm, which is an approximation of the Dominating Set Problem. The algorithm efficiently chooses terms according to a language model. We compare the new technique to previous methods proposed for constructing topic hierarchies including subsumption and lexical hierarchies, as well as the top TF.IDF terms. Our results show that the new technique consistently performs as well as or better than these other techniques. They also show the usefulness of hierarchies compared with a list of terms.
Bucket elimination: a unifying framework for reasoning

Bucket elimination is an algorithmic framework that generalizes dynamic programming to accommodate many problem-solving and reasoning tasks. Algorithms such as directional-resolution for propositional satisfiability, adaptive-consistency for constraint satisfaction, Fourier and Gaussian elimination for solving linear equalities and inequalities, and dynamic programming for combinatorial optimization, can all be accommodated within the bucket elimination framework. Many probabilistic inference tasks can likewise be expressed as bucket-elimination algorithms. These include: belief updating, finding the most probable explanation, and expected utility maximization. These algorithms share the same performance guarantees; all are time and space exponential in the inducedwidth of the problem’s interaction graph. While elimination strategies have extensive demands on memory, a contrasting class of algorithms called “conditioning search” require only linear space. Algorithms in this class split a problem into subproblems by instantiating a subset of variables, called a conditioning set ,o r acutset. Typical examples of conditioning search algorithms are: backtracking (in constraint satisfaction), and branch and bound (for combinatorial optimization). The paper presents the bucket-elimination framework as a unifying theme across probabilistic and deterministic reasoning tasks and show how conditioning search can be augmented to systematically trade space for time. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Crack Growth and Damage in Constrained Sintering Films

The constrained sintering of films on substrates leads to a reduction in densification rate and may lead to processing flaws. This paper reports on a study of damage and cracking in sintering films, with particular emphasis on the growth of preexisting cracks. Experiments have been conducted with glass and polycrystalline Al2O3 films on various substrates. The effect of important variables (viz., film thickness, crack length, and friction with the substrate) on crack growth is reported. The experiments with glass films show that cracking occurs above a critical film thickness which is in good quantitative agreement with a recent analysis for this problem. In the case of Al2O3 films, we observe a diffuse damage zone ahead of cracks. Crack growth occurs by the coalescence of microcracks with each other and with the main crack. Some possible reasons for this difference between the glass and Al2O3 films are presented. As a model for diffuse damage, the stability of a sintering film under spatial variations in constitutive parameters is analyzed. It is shown that the film is unstable to small perturbations only in the early stages of densification, and that for viscous sintering the films are usually kinetically stable.
Identification of co-worker involvement in supported employment: a review and analysis.

Abstract This article identifies the roles that co-workers have assumed in providing support to employees with handicaps. These roles included validating instructional strategies, collecting subjective evaluations, implementing training procedures, collecting social comparison information, and maintaining behavior in the context of actual employment. This review is based upon an existing research literature that has focused upon providing “support” to individuals with handicaps after they become employed. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to important new roles that co-workers are assuming. Specifically, this review is one of the first attempts at defining co-worker involvement.
The geometry of an eigenvalue problem

Abstract The geometry of an eigenvalue problem associated with the classical Dirichlet problem is illustrated using constructive geometric techniques. Based on a result of Guggenheimer, a geometric optimization problem defined over a convex domain is formulated and solved, and provides a measure of deviation of the domain from circular shape. An extension of the formulation is suggested and illustrated through example.
Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior in Single-Sex and Mixed-Sex Groups: Are Traditional Sex Roles Changing?:

The study examines the degree to which traditional sex differences in behavioral interaction in groups obtain even in a sample of very bright, career-oriented men and women who are similar in respect to a variety of personality attributes and personal aspirations. 21 experimental groups were studied, 7 all-male, 6 all-female, and 8 mixed-sex groups. Groups were composed of 5 or 6 members. Each group had 40 min. to discuss an ethical dilemma and come to a consensus decision. The data indicated that, while rates of interaction departed from traditional sex-role stereotypes, with females dominating the mixed groups verbally, interaction styles and nonverbal postures remained sex-role stereotypic. Males devoted a greater proportion of their interaction to task behavior, i.e., giving opinions, suggestions, and information, and the females to reactions, i.e., agreements and disagreements. Males exceeded females in displays of nonverbal postures associated with dominance. Most behavioral measures were not affect...
The effect of cumulus momentum mixing on the development of a symmetric model hurricane.

Abstract The effect of the vertical transport of horizontal momentum by cumulus clouds on the development of a symmetric model hurricane is investigated. This is accomplished by using Sundqvist's symmetric hurricane model with parameterized cumulus friction. The scheme used to include cumulus friction in the model is essentially the same as that given by Stevens and Lindzen in 1978 and Lindzen in 1981. The results of two sets of numerical integrations are presented. In one, the initial wind and moisture distributions were derived from atmospheric observations in Atlantic intensifying cyclones as composited by McBride. In the other, the initial vortex was specified as that which corresponds to the linearly most unstable mode in Mak's 1980 linear analysis of the effect of cumulus friction on hurricane formation. Given each initial wind, temperature and moisture distribution, numerical integrations were performed with and without cumulus friction present in the model. With cumulus friction included, the grow...
Noncardiac applications of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors.

Platelet activation and aggregation have become increasingly recognized as the primary processes involved in the cascade that leads to thrombus formation in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors (GPI) favorably impact thrombus formation and distal embolization by inhibiting the final common pathway of platelet aggregation. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have been used effectively in a wide variety of clinical scenarios including unstable angina, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, and low and high risk percutaneous coronary interventions with and without intracoronary stenting, however there is limited data regarding the use of these potent antiplatelet agents in the setting of extracardiac vascular disease. This article will review the non-cardiac applications of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in the setting of acute ischemic stroke, carotid and vertebral angioplasty and stenting, acute critical limb ischemia, and percutaneous interventions in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:530–538. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of Pressure on the Excited-State Proton Transfer of 3-Hydroxyflavone†

We have investigated the effect of pressure on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in 3-hydroxyflavone dissolved in four polymeric matrixespoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and cellulose acetate (CAC). We have also determined the change in normalized equilibrium constant (K*) and the change in partial molar volume (ΔV) as a function of pressure. In all matrixes, with an increase of pressure, the fluorescence intensity of the phototautomer decreases. In PMMA, PVAC, and CAC, the equilibrium constant (K) and change of partial molar volume (ΔV) are sensitive to pressure below 30 kbar. The results imply that ESIPT of 3-hydroxyflavone is effectively suppressed by pressure. The anomalous proton-transfer behavior of 3-hydroxyflavone in PAA can be explained by protonation of the carbonyl oxygen.
Carcinogen specific dosimetry model for passive smokers of various ages.

Abstract Studies indicate that being exposed to second hand smoke increases the chance of developing lung cancer. Understanding the deposition of carcinogenic particles present in second hand smoke is necessary to understand the development of specific histologic type cancers. In this study, a deposition model is presented for subjects of various ages exposed to sidestream smoke. The model included particle dynamics of coagulation, hygroscopic growth, charge and cloud behavior. Concentrations were varied from the maximum measured indoor concentrations (106 particles/cm3) to what would be expected from wisps of smoke (108 particles/cm3). Model results agreed well with experimental data taken from human subject deposition measurements (four studies). The model results were used to determine the dose intensity (dose per unit airway surface area) of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in the respiratory tract for subjects of various ages. Model predictions for BaP surface concentration on the airway walls paralleled incident rates of tumors by location in the upper tracheobronchial region. Mass deposition efficiency was found to be larger for younger subjects, consistent with diffusion being the predominant mechanism for this particle size range. However, the actual dose intensity of BaP was found to be smaller for children than adults. This occurred due to the predominant effect of the smaller initial inhaled mass for children resulting from smaller tidal volumes. The resulting model is a useful tool to predict carcinogen specific particle deposition.
Shared cognition in top management teams: implications for new venture performance

This paper presents a study of two samples of new venture top management teams from the inc. 500. The research poses that shared strategic cognition is the outcome of group processes that occur during the development of strategy. Shared cognition in top management teams (TMTs) is the extent to which those mental models about strategy are shared. A theoretical frame is developed that links shared strategic cognition to group process and new venture performance. The results indicate that the group processes leading to the development of shared strategic cognition are more important than the outcome of shared strategic cognition in terms of predicting organizational performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-confidence operating systems

Operating systems (OSs) are among the most sophisticated software systems in widespread use, and among the most expensive and time-consuming to develop and maintain. OS software must also be robust and dependable, since OS failures can result in system crashes that corrupt user data, endanger human lives (cf. embedded systems), or provide open avenues of attack for hackers or even cyber-terrorists.
Analysis of cobalt based explosives by capillary electrophoresis

Abstract Cobalt based explosives have received much attention for possible uses in DOE weapons system. One such compound, tetraaminebis(5-nitro-2H-tetrazolato-N2) cobalt (III) perchlorate, (BNCP) is being investigated. Analysis of BNCP as well as it's precursors is of importance in assessing the amount of impurities which may be present and potentially interfere in the overall performance of the explosive. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers a means of rapidly analyzing for these components. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to investigate ionic impurities in BNCP, as well as the precursors used to synthesize the BNCP explosive. Analysis of cationic contaminants in several precursors, CTCN and CPCN, as well as in BNCP could be done using indirect UV detection at 185nm in less than 10 minutes by CE.
Spatially resolved study of charge-density-wave strain in NbSe 3 : Evidence for a finite threshold for creep

We have used spatially resolved measurements of the low-field charge-density-wave (CDW) response in ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ to obtain the CDW strain profile with single-wavelength resolution. Below $\ensuremath{\sim}35 \mathrm{K},$ the single-particle (linear) resistance R shows significant hysteresis with electric field E for E below a threshold field ${E}_{T}.$ The size of the local hysteresis loop $\ensuremath{\Delta}R(x)$ and thus of the CDW strain $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(x)$ varies linearly with position to within 20 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ of the current contacts. Our results confirm that slip boundary conditions at the current contacts are responsible for the single-particle resistance hysteresis, but not for the ``switching'' observed at a larger field ${E}_{T}^{*}.$ Although CDW motion is slow and creeplike between ${E}_{T}$ and ${E}_{T}^{*},$ extremely slow hysteresis relaxation below ${E}_{T}$ implies that the creep rate changes by at least several orders of magnitude at ${E}_{T}.$ This threshold behavior is inconsistent with existing predictions for thermal creep, and highlights the highly unusual character of CDW dynamics at low temperatures.
Elastase-mediated Release of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans from Pulmonary Fibroblast Cultures A MECHANISM FOR BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR (bFGF) RELEASE AND ATTENUATION OF bFGF BINDING FOLLOWING ELASTASE-INDUCED INJURY

We have investigated elastase-mediated alterations in the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) receptors and proteoglycan co-receptors and characterized the subsequent effects on bFGF receptor binding profiles. For these studies, pulmonary fibroblast cultures were treated with porcine pancreatic elastase, and elastase-mediated changes in bFGF receptor expression and binding profiles were assessed. Quantitation of [(35)S]sulfate-labeled proteoglycan and total glycosaminoglycan release from fibroblast matrices indicated that elastase treatment released sulfated proteoglycan from the cell surface in a time- and dose-dependent fashion that correlated strongly with elastase-mediated bFGF release. Ligand binding studies indicated that elastase treatment decreased total binding of (125)I-bFGF to the cell surface and affected both fibroblast growth factor receptor and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) binding sites. Western blot analyses indicated that elastase treatment did not release significant amounts of fibroblast growth factor receptor protein. These findings indicate that elastase-mediated HSPG release from fibroblast matrices reduces the effective affinity of bFGF for its receptor. Collectively, these studies suggest that HSPG co-receptors are important mediators of the pulmonary fibroblast response to elastase treatment and that bFGF, HSPG, and other elastase-released entities play an important role in the response of the lung to chronic injury.
Dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties of tetragonal BiScO3-PbTiO3 single crystal with single domain

Abstract Modified BiScO3-PbTiO3 (BSPT) tetragonal single crystals were grown using high temperature solution method. The dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties of single domain BSPT crystals, after poling along [001] crystallographic direction, have been determined experimentally using the resonance method. The results showed that the BSPT tetragonal crystals possess good piezoelectric properties, with electromechanical coupling factor about 88% and piezoelectric coefficient over 400 pC/N at room temperature. BSPT tetragonal crystals have high Curie temperature around 436 °C and high coercive field ∼28 kV/cm, also, the crystal exhibited a very good temperature stability of the properties till 380 °C. For comparison, the material constants of tetragonal Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PZNT) single crystals were measured and listed in this paper.
Facial characterization of simplexes

Abstract After providing a survey of the pertinent known literature, this paper defines the notion of a face of class B of a compact convex set and provides necessary and sufficient conditions on the class of all such faces in order that the given convex set be a Choquet simplex.
Coherent fusion theory

We propose that energy from nuclear fusion reactions can be coupled to a macroscopic system coherently (in the laser sense) through electromagnetic interaction of low energy photons. We report progress on the formulation of a theory for two-step reactions in which virtual fusion is followed by exothermic incoherent decay. A new type of reaction in which incoherent electron capture is followed by coherent fusion is described.
Pratylenchus Pseudocoffeae From Florida and Its Relationship With P. Gutierrezi and P. Coffeae

Morphology and morphometrics of Pratylenchus sp. from aster in Florida, mum and artemisia in Japan (P pseudocoffeae), coffee in Costa Rica and Guatemala (putative populations of P gutierrezi), citrus in Florida (P coffeae), and coffee in Indonesia (P coffeae) were studied to: i) compare the morphologies of the lesion nematodes from aster and those of P. gutierrezi, P. pseudocoffeae, and P coffeae, ii) describe the morphological variability of putative P gutierrezi populations originating from coffee in Costa Rica and Guatemala, and iii) characterize the en face lip morphology of P. coffeae from the type host and near the type locale in Java, Indonesia. Pratylencl2us coffeae from citrus in Florida differed from all other populations, including P coffeae from coffee in Indonesia, in having medial and lateral lips that were fused rather than separate, when viewed en face with scanning electron microscopy. Pharyngeal overlap length and distance from the base of the oesophageal gland lobe to the head end were the only morphometric characters of diagnostic value to separate female P. p.seudocoffeae from P gutierrezi and P coffeae from Indonesia. Pratylenchus pseudocoffeae females also had subhemispherical or hemispherical tails with smooth termini vs subcylindrical tails with bluntly rounded and sometimes coarsely annulated termini for P. gutierrezi., The Pratylenchus population from aster in Florida most closely resembled P pseudocoffeae based on tail and en,face lip morphology, long pharyngeal overlap (60.5-114.5 pm), long distance between the base of the oesophageal gland lobe to the head end (140.5-209.5 pm), and multivariate analyses of morphometric variables. The head pattern of P. coffeae from coffee in Indonesia differed from patterns previously attributed to this species and provides sufficient evidence to reconsider the taxonomic status of P coffeae, P gutierrezi, P. pseudocoffeae, and closely related species.
The effects of radiation damage on the properties of GraphNOL N3M

GraphNOL N3M (N3M) is a bulk graphite developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for advanced structural applications in aerospace thermal protection systems. It is currently of interest to the United States fusion energy community for plasma facing components, such as the first wall armor tiles of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) because of its superior thermal shock resistance and irradiation lifetime. This paper reports the results of irradiation experiments on N3M graphite at two temperatures, 600 and 875 °C in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at ORNL. Maximum fluences of 4.2 × 1026 and 2 × 1026 n/m2 (E > 50 keV) or 28.4 and 13.5 dpa (graphite) were attained at 600 and 875° C, respectively. Data are presented on the dimensional stability, volume change, strength, Young's modulus, critical stress intensity factor KIc, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The thermal shock resistance of GraphNOL N3M is discussed and comparisons made with other graphites. The influence of irradiation damage on thermal shock resistance is postulated.
Comparative analysis of partially coherent and differentially coherent PSK systems with equal-gain diversity

Both coherent and differentially coherent PSK (CPSK, DCPSK) systems are currently being used in wireless communications with equal-gain combining diversity. Since recovery of carrier in coherent systems is often imperfect, and results in degradation in system performance, it is invaluable to evaluate the performance of CPSK with imperfect phase and compare it to the performance that can be obtained with DCPSK. The detection loss suffered and the phase precision required for the carrier recovery for different error rates and with different degradations are derived. Generalised fading channels including Rayleigh, Ricean and Nakagami-m are investigated. The analysis is based on a convergent infinite series for the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of a sum of independent random variables. The results will enable designers to determine when DCPSK becomes the desirable method of modulation compared to CPSK in wireless systems.
Consultation in New Teacher Groups: School Psychologists Facilitating Collaboration Among New Teachers

There is a growing recognition of the need to provide new teachers with formalized mentoring and as a result induction programs are now flourishing around the country. Elements of successful induction programs include formal mentorship, reflective practice, and collaboration. The New Teacher Group (NTG) is one form of induction program that meets these criteria. This qualitative study examined how the process of consultee-centered case consultation (CCC) facilitated collaboration, problem-solving, and professional development in an NTG. Over the course of the school year in this NTG, a developmental shift was evident in which the teachers’ descriptions of themselves and their students became more positive and replaced the more negative descriptors that were found early in the consultation process. The participants’ negative images of themselves, such as inadequate and frustrated, were replaced with positive images that conveyed their evolving ability to think flexibly and effectively. The new teachers’ approach to problem solving also underwent a change in which they increasingly began to use professional concepts and methods to identify and define problems. NTGs offer school psychologists an opportunity to expand their consultation role within school districts.
Characteristics of Opinion Leaders in Substance Abuse Treatment Agencies

Objective. This study was part of a larger effort to test the effectiveness of technology transfer approaches related to evidence‐based treatment of co‐occurring substance abuse and mental health disorders. Specifically, this study examined characteristics of “opinion leaders” as technology transfer agents. Method. A network analysis was conducted within four large substance abuse treatment agencies to identify individuals that other counselors sought out for consultation on co‐occurring issues. The identified opinion leaders were then compared with other counselors on demographic variables, education and experience, and attitudes and knowledge about working with individuals with co‐occurring disorders. Results. The analyses demonstrate that opinion leaders differed from other counselors in competency‐related characteristics including more postgraduate education, relevant professional credentials, and years of experience in mental health treatment. They also had greater knowledge of the dynamics and treat...
A simple modified carbodiimide method for conjugation of small-molecular-weight compounds to immunoglobulin G with minimal protein crosslinking.

Abstract Optimal conditions for the conjugation of carboxyl groups on low molecular weight molecules to reactive amino groups on rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) using a modified carbodiimide reaction have been investigated. Reaction of [ 14 C]hippuric acid with N -ethyl- N ′-(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide at pH 5 followed by adjustment to pH 8 and coupling with rabbit IgG resulted in the formation of hippuric acid-IgG conjugates with less than 10% intra- and intermolecular IgG crosslinking. More than 93% of the bonds linking hippuric acid to IgG were stable to hydroxylamine hydrolysis, indicating the peptide properties of these bonds. This two-step process permitted a defined number of hippuric acid moieties to be loaded onto a single IgG molecule and should provide a useful method for the conjugation of molecules containing carboxyl groups to amino groups on a variety of polypeptides.
Preclinical evaluation of a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor as a radioimmunodiagnostic and radioimmunotherapeutic agent

Background and purpose: The studies described here are the first to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo properties of 111In-CHX-A″-panitumumab for radioimmunotherapy (α- and β--emitters) and radioimmunoimaging (single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography).
The nonlinear interaction of smooth travelling waves in an elastic string

Abstract It is shown that the collision of approaching weak travelling waves in a nonlinearly elastic leads to shock formation in finite time. Whereas the travelling waves are transverse, the shock is formed in the longitudinal waves generated by the collision.
Thrombospondin-2 and SPARC/osteonectin are critical regulators of bone remodeling

Thrombospondin-2 (TSP2) and osteonectin/BM-40/SPARC are matricellular proteins that are highly expressed by bone cells. Mice deficient in either of these proteins show phenotypic alterations in the skeleton, and these phenotypes are most pronounced under conditions of altered bone remodeling. For example, TSP2-null mice have higher cortical bone volume and are resistant to bone loss associated with ovariectomy, whereas SPARC-null mice have decreased trabecular bone volume and fail to demonstrate an increase in bone mineral density in response to a bone-anabolic parathyroid hormone treatment regimen. In vitro, marrow stromal cell (MSC) osteoprogenitors from TSP2-null mice have increased proliferation but delayed formation of mineralized matrix. Similarly, in cultures of SPARC-null MSCs, osteoblastic differentiation and mineralized matrix formation are decreased. Overall, both TSP2 and SPARC positively influence osteoblastic differentiation. Intriguingly, both of these matricellular proteins appear to impact MSC fate through mechanisms that could involve the Notch signaling system. This review provides an overview of the role of TSP2 and SPARC in regulating bone structure, function, and remodeling, as determined by both in vitro and in vivo studies.
A compelling genetic hypothesis for a complex disease: PRODH2/DGCR6 variation leads to schizophrenia susceptibility.

The human genome sequence is facilitating the task of identifying disease genes, understanding their normal functions and why compromising their function is associated with specific features of a disorder and its inheritance pattern (1). Genetic disorders with simple dominant and recessive (Mendelian) patterns of inheritance are invariably caused by rare single-gene mutations that are both necessary and sufficient for the disease to manifest. However, some single-gene disorders can display a complex pattern of inheritance. The prototype for this class is fragile X syndrome (2), whose non-Mendelian and complex pattern of X-linked inheritance arises from dynamic evolution of the mutation within families (3). Thus, complexity in inheritance patterns is not inconsistent with single-gene defects although geneticists routinely equate the non-Mendelian nature of a trait with inheritance at multiple genes (4). Genetic dissection of multigenic disorders is truly challenging yet possible (5), particularly with the human genome sequence in hand. In an outstanding piece of sleuthing, Maria Karayiorgou and colleagues (6) now show that genetic variation in proline dehydrogenase on human chromosome 22q11 is a likely and significant cause of schizophrenia. The familial nature of schizophrenia does not conform to simple dominant or recessive modes of inheritance.
Consistency of several variants of the standardized time series area variance estimator

In statistical analysis of stationary time series or in steady-state simulation output analysis, it is desired to find consistent estimates ofthe process variance parameter. Here, we consider variants ofthe area estimator of standardized time series, namely, the weighted area and the Cramer-von Mises area estimators, and provide their consistency, in the strong sense and mean-square sense. A sharp bound for the (asymptotic) variance of these estimators is obtained. We also present a central limit theorem for the weighted area estimator : this gives a rate of convergence of this estimator, as well as a confidence interval for the variance parameter.