cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the reliability of proven SPIDER group membership service guarantees

For safety-critical systems, it is essential to quantify the reliability of the assumptions that underlie proven guarantees. We investigate the reliability of the assumptions of the SPIDER group membership service with respect to transient and permanent faults. Modeling 12,600 possible system configurations, the probability that SPIDER's maximum fault assumption does not hold for an hour mission varies from less likely than l0/sup -11/ to more likely than 10/sup -3/. In most cases examined, a transient fault tolerance strategy was superior to the permanent fault tolerance strategy previously in use for the range of transient fault arrival rates expected in aerospace systems. Reliability of the maximum fault assumption (upon which the proofs are based) differs greatly when subjected to asymmetric, symmetric, and benign faults. This case study demonstrates the benefits of quantifying the reliability of assumptions for proven properties.
Edge Effects on Reference Electrode Measurements in PEM Fuel Cells

A reference electrode specifically designed for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs) was developed. By using the Nafion membrane material as the electrolyte, this reference electrode eliminates the needs to modify the normal FC setup and can be easily integrated into FC systems. Experimental and modeling studies had been conducted to further understand the effects of misalignment in the main electrodes on the reference electrode signals. It was found that the reference sensing point is greatly affected by the relative geometry and alignment of the two electrodes on the main membrane and electrode assembly (MEA) and the nature of electrode kinetics. Even with a perfect alignment, the reference sensing point is no longer fixed at the middle of the membrane due to difference in the kinetic characteristics at the anode and the cathode. When the misalignment is greater than the membrane thickness, the potential that the reference electrode measures is overwhelmingly masked by the edge potential of the protruding electrode. Slow electrode kinetics can significantly magnify edge effects. Generally the reference sensing point varies significantly with the change of misalignment factor and cell voltage or current. The use of reference electrode as a qualitative tool to detect electrode flooding is also discussed.
Targeting protein-protein interactions as an anticancer strategy

The emergence and convergence of cancer genomics, targeted therapies, and network oncology have significantly expanded the landscape of protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks in cancer for therapeutic discovery. Extensive biological and clinical investigations have led to the identification of protein interaction hubs and nodes that are critical for the acquisition and maintenance of characteristics of cancer essential for cell transformation. Such cancer-enabling PPIs have become promising therapeutic targets. With technological advances in PPI modulator discovery and validation of PPI-targeting agents in clinical settings, targeting of PPI interfaces as an anticancer strategy has become a reality. Future research directed at genomics-based PPI target discovery, PPI interface characterization, PPI-focused chemical library design, and patient-genomic subpopulation-driven clinical studies is expected to accelerate the development of the next generation of PPI-based anticancer agents for personalized precision medicine. Here we briefly review prominent PPIs that mediate cancer-acquired properties, highlight recognized challenges and promising clinical results in targeting PPIs, and outline emerging opportunities.
Fast multiplierless approximations of the DCT with the lifting scheme

We present the design, implementation, and application of several families of fast multiplierless approximations of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) with the lifting scheme called the binDCT. These binDCT families are derived from Chen's (1977) and Loeffler's (1989) plane rotation-based factorizations of the DCT matrix, respectively, and the design approach can also be applied to a DCT of arbitrary size. Two design approaches are presented. In the first method, an optimization program is defined, and the multiplierless transform is obtained by approximating its solution with dyadic values. In the second method, a general lifting-based scaled DCT structure is obtained, and the analytical values of all lifting parameters are derived, enabling dyadic approximations with different accuracies. Therefore, the binDCT can be tuned to cover the gap between the Walsh-Hadamard transform and the DCT. The corresponding two-dimensional (2-D) binDCT allows a 16-bit implementation, enables lossless compression, and maintains satisfactory compatibility with the floating-point DCT. The performance of the binDCT in JPEG, H.263+, and lossless compression is also demonstrated.
Analysis of venous drainage in three patients with extradural spinal arteriovenous fistulae at the craniovertebral junction with potentially benign implication.

Background Extradural arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) are vascular malformations that result from a direct connection between an extradural artery and vein, resulting in a high flow fistula that drains into the epidural venous system. Extradural AVFs may cause myelopathy when distended epidural veins compress the cord or when venous hypertension causes venous stasis within the spinal cord, and are uncommon causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), although the presence of intracranial drainage is a risk factor for SAH. There are numerous reports of SAH and AVF with rostral intracranial venous drainage, implying an intradural drainage pathway. To our knowledge, a cervical spinal AVF at the craniovertebral junction (occurring between the occiput and C2) with exclusively extradural drainage and without a significant epidural component has not been described previously. Methods A retrospective review was performed identifying three patients treated at our hospital with cervical spinal AVF and extradural venous drainage. Results We present three cases of cervical spinal AVF with exclusive extradural venous drainage without accompanying intradural drainage—cranial or spinal. All three patients with exclusively extradural drainage have done well after 24 months of follow-up. The anatomical, clinical, and radiologic features are presented. Conclusions Patients with cervical AVF and exclusively extradural drainage pathways form a separate entity, representing a subset with a less ominous natural history.
Skyrmions, dense matter and nuclear forces

A simple introduction to a number of properties of Skyrme’s chiral soliton model of baryons is given. Some implications of the model for dense matter and for nuclear interactions are discussed.
Description of a New Lucillella Species (Riodinidae: Symmachiini) Discovered in the Eastern Andes of Ecuador Using the Single Rope Canopy Access Technique

ABSTRACT. A new riodinid species in the tribe Symmachiini, Lucillella arcoirisa Hall & Willmott n. sp., is described from the eastern Andes of Ecuador. All five true members of the genus Lucillella Strand, 1932, are figured, and their known geographic ranges are mapped. Lucillella is hypothesized to be monophyletic with the exclusion of suberra Hewitson, 1877, and the sister genus is hypothesized to be Esthemopsis C. & R. Felder, 1865. The new Lucillella species was discovered in the forest canopy using the single rope technique. The equipment and procedures used in this canopy access method are described and illustrated.
Impact of an Innovative Classroom-Based Lecture Series on Residents’ Evaluations of an Anesthesiology Rotation

Introduction. Millennial resident learners may benefit from innovative instructional methods. The goal of this study is to assess the impact of a new daily, 15 minutes on one anesthesia keyword, lecture series given by faculty member each weekday on resident postrotation evaluation scores. Methods. A quasi-experimental study design was implemented with the residents' rotation evaluations for the 24-month period ending by 7/30/2013 before the new lecture series was implemented which was compared to the 14-month period after the lecture series began on 8/1/2013. The primary endpoint was "overall teaching quality of this rotation." We also collected survey data from residents at clinical rotations at two other different institutions during the same two evaluation periods that did not have the education intervention. Results. One hundred and thirty-one residents were eligible to participate in the study. Completed surveys ranged from 77 to 87% for the eight-question evaluation instrument. On a 5-point Likert-type scale the mean score on "overall teaching quality of this rotation" increased significantly from 3.9 (SD 0.8) to 4.2 (SD 0.7) after addition of the lecture series, whereas the scores decreased slightly at the comparison sites. Conclusion. Rotation evaluation scores for overall teaching quality improved with implementation of a new structured slide daily lectures series.
Towards Incorporating Technology to Enhance the Stereotype Production Method in Warning Symbol Design

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONWarnings are an important component of hazard control strategies in use in all types of industry. Properly designed warning symbols improve the likelihood that a warning will be recognized and understood, and they may even increase the likelihood that the warning will be heeded. Unfortunately, many commonly used warning symbols are poorly understood and may not meet accepted criteria for comprehension testing. Improving the process by which symbols are developed could affect a variety of future symbol designs. We propose new technological enhancements to traditional warning symbol design strategies—including semantic annotation, mathematical clustering, and evolutionary computation—that may improve the effectiveness of symbols designed in the future.TECHNICALABSTRACTBackground:Warning symbols must comm-unicate effectively to a wide range of people. To achieve this goal, two major challenges must be overcome. First, designers must acquire user input while minimizing any unnecessary ...
Deformation Behavior of Leadless 60% Pb-40% Sn Solder Joints

Room temperature deformation data of leadless solder joints are reported. The joints were sheared under cyclic, displacement controlled loading at frequencies between 0.001 and 0.01 Hz. A microplastic model was utilized to simulate the stress-strain loops, which demonstrated a pronounced Bauschinger effect. The implications of microplasticity on fatigue life of solder joints are discussed. This phenomenon must be taken into account in an accurate prediction of solder deformation at low strain ranges.
Assessment of clinical competence

Despite endless efforts in the quest for credible methods for evaluating clinical competence, the objective remains elusive. The components of competence include both clinical (interview skills, physical examination, differential diagnosis and therapeutic modalities) and technical skills. Written and oral examinations and, more recently, objective structured clinical examinations have been used as instruments for assessing the progress of trainees as well as for college or board certification and licensure to practice medicine. The American Board of Anesthesiology has adopted a more rigorous process for evaluating residents in training (Certificates of Clinical Competence). Newer methods have attempted to measure the competence of practicing physicians, including the analysis of data from physician-submitted 'report cards', 're-certification' examinations, and patient outcome studies. Whole-body computerized patient simulators have become a major area of research for teaching clinical skills and assessing behavior as well as patient management during critical incidents. This review examines the significant literature in each of the areas cited.
In vivo release of radiocarbon from labeled Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cells.

SummaryAscites cells labeled with radiocarbon from leucine-2-C14 were injected into mice. The amounts of radioactivity remaining in the acid-soluble, lipides, proteins and nucleic acids of the transplants for periods up to 5 days was measured. A marked loss of C14 from all of these components occurred within the first day but did not appear to be due to a reaction of the host against the inoculated cells. Between the 2nd and the 5th day a small but significant amount of the C14in the proteins and nucleic acids was lost per day. These results suggest that the transfer of labeled nitrogenous constituents from the tumor to the host tissues occurs to some extent. The possibility that these results may be due to the destruction of the cells must also be considered.
Passive and Active Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy, as Measured by Serum Cotinine, and Postnatal Smoke Exposure. II. Effects on Neurodevelopment at Age 5 Years

The authors sought to determine the neurobehavioral effects of prenatal exposure to maternal active smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), assessed by maternal serum cotinine level, and of postnatal exposure to smoke based on maternal report. Five-year-old children (n = 2,124) who were participants in the Child Health and Development Studies in Oakland, California, between 1964 and 1967 were evaluated with the use of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and the Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices Test, and also assessed on a behavioral rating scale completed by the mother that included questions on activity level. Children of ETS-exposed women did not differ from children of other nonsmokers on neurobehavioral assessment. Children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had somewhat higher adjusted Raven (p = 0.10) and PPVT scores (p = 0.06) than children of nonsmokers, although they did not differ in their activity level (p = 0.32). However, children smoke-exposed during childhood did have lower adjusted Raven (p = 0.01) and PPVT scores (p = 0.16), and were rated more active by their mothers (p = 0.04). These differences may be attributed to uncontrolled confounding of sociobehavioral variables. However, the authors cannot rule out the possibility that ETS exposure during childhood may be more hazardous to neurodevelopment than prenatal exposure.
Open Social Learner Models for Self-Regulated Learning and Learning Motivation

Open Learner Models (OLM) have demonstrated a multitude of benefits supporting metacognition and engaging learners. Although researchers have study different representations of OLM, a broader view that situates OLM in Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) is missing. An important element in SRL that can bring a better understanding of these tools and their effects concerns to learning motivation theories. In this work I connect these aspects and propose to study the effects of OLM and motivational factors drawn from learning motivation theories. To account for a broader spectrum of OLM representations, I proposed to explore the addition of social information and different levels of granularity in the OLM. I propose to evaluate different designs and then to evaluate the resulting interface in field studies. With the proposed work I expect to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of OLM tools which can be used to guide the development of better tools, better personalization and adaptive mechanisms, better use of such tools in supporting Self-Regulated Learning, and ultimately impact positively in learning.
Embedded package wafer bow elimination techniques

We outline several approaches to allow individual die to be encapsulated within a silicon substrate, which we define as a cavity wafer, without causing wafer bow. This technique forms the basis for a novel integrated ultra high density (i-UHD) wafer-level packaging platform. The iUHD process begins with a standard Si wafer that is patterned and dry etched to form cavities that accept buried components. After etching, the wafer is blanket metalized. Individual commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) die are placed onto an adhesive film and precision transferred to the substrate wafer. Low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) encapsulant is injected into the cavity surrounding the die. Finally, the adhesive film is removed to reveal a planar surface on the reconstructed core wafer. Multilayer interconnect is fabricated on both sides of the core using standard wafer fabrication techniques. A challenge to this approach has been that curing and shrinkage of the encapsulant, as well as its CTE mismatch with silicon, creates wafer bow. In this paper we present a technique that eliminates bow by mirroring the die-side wafer cavities about the neutral bending axis.
3D electroplated inductors with thickness variation for improved broadband performance

The performance of an RF spiral inductor is based on the balance between ohmic losses in the outer turns and eddy current losses dominant in the inner turns where the magnetic field is the strongest. In this work, air-core spiral inductors with winding trace thicknesses decreasing towards the center are demonstrated, achieving quality factor improvement over a wide frequency range compared to uniform thickness inductors. A custom 3D copper electroplating process was used to produce spiral inductors with varying winding thicknesses in a single plating step, with patterned gaps in a seed layer used to create delays in the vertical plating. The fabricated center-lowered coil inductors were 80 nH within a one square millimeter area with thickness varying from 60 µm to 10 µm from outer to inner winding. Within the 16 MHz–160 MHz range, the center-lowered inductors were shown to have a maximum to minimum quality factor improvement of 90%–10% when compared to uniform thickness inductors with thicknesses ranging from 60 µm to 10 µm. Compared to the 20 µm uniform thickness inductor which has the optimal performance among all uniform thickness inductors in this frequency range, the center-lowered inductors were shown to achieve a maximum quality factor improvement of 20% at the edge frequencies of 16 MHz and 160 MHz, and a minimum quality factor improvement of 10% near the geometric mean center frequency of 46 MHz.
Cyclical hypofractionated radiotherapy also known as "QUAD Shot" alone using intensity-modulated radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland in an 85-year-old patient with multiple comorbidities.

Background Palliative radiotherapy (RT) is not commonly offered to patients with head and neck cancer because of the belief that toxicity from the RT would not provide great palliative benefits. The purpose of this study was for us to report the advantages of cyclical hypofractionated RT (QUAD Shot) using intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) for an elderly comorbid patient with head and neck cancer. Methods An 85-year-old multiple comorbid man with squamous cell carcinoma in the left parotid gland with left facial pain received the IMRT-QUAD Shot (14 Gy/4 fractions, twice-daily treatment with 6 hours interval, on 2 consecutive days) to lesions, which were repeated every 4 weeks 3 times. Results With the IMRT-QUAD Shot, he achieved complete left facial pain relief without acute toxicity. At 12 months after the first IMRT-QUAD Shot, he remained without left facial pain, late toxicity, or disease recurrence impacting positively on his quality of life. Conclusion The IMRT-QUAD shot is reasonable and safe to apply for symptom palliation in elderly multiple comorbid patients with head and neck cancer. 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: E55–E60, 2017
Using Time–Temperature Superposition for Determining Dielectric Loss in Functionalized Polyethylenes

Using Molecular Dynamics simulations, we probe the effect of various pendant polar groups on the dielectric loss of polyethylene copolymers. The dielectric loss was computed using the autocorrelation function of the total dipole moment of a completely relaxed PE–X sample. Since this calculation is computationally expensive (wall time ≥ 4200 h), we explore the use of the time–temperature superposition (tTS) principle to make it more tractable. An important point is that short time MD simulations do not allow the dipole autocorrelation function to decay completely to zero. However, we find that the tTS method performed well in determining dielectric losses in the system as long as these unrelaxed components are not included in the calculation. This methodology, which provides us with a significantly faster and reliable pathway for calculation of dielectric loss, allows us to identify the role of polar side groups on the behavior of nonpolar polymeric dielectrics.
If a hadamard matrix of order 24 has character exactly 2, its transpose is known

In [1], the order 24 Hadamard matrices of character at least 3 was classified. In this paper, we show that those with character exactly 2 have already been classified since the transpose character must be at least 3. It is still not known if there are inequivalent matrices of this order with both character and transpose character 1.
Relationship of Athletic Injuries to the Sport's Season (Poster)

There are many factors that contribute to a college athlete's risk for injury. Previous studies have shown that life stress can be a predictor for injury. The current study investigated if academic stress plays a role in athletic injury rate. Data collected from the university athletic trainer between 2012 and 2015 on athletic injuries was analyzed. Results indicate that season start and end dates play a role in when injuries occur. No evidence was found for academic events such as mid-terms and finals influencing the rate of injury. These findings suggest that the rate of injury for a given sport may be classified as being predominantly early-season, predominantly late-season, or predominately mid-season. Further research is needed to determine the individual factors for each sport that may explain the changes in rate of injury.
Simulation of Cellular Energy Restriction in Quiescence (ERiQ)—A Theoretical Model for Aging

Cellular responses to energy stress involve activation of pro-survival signaling nodes, compensation in regulatory pathways and adaptations in organelle function. Specifically, energy restriction in quiescent cells (ERiQ) through energetic perturbations causes adaptive changes in response to reduced ATP, NAD+ and NADP levels in a regulatory network spanned by AKT, NF-κB, p53 and mTOR. Based on the experimental ERiQ platform, we have constructed a minimalistic theoretical model consisting of feedback motifs that enable investigation of stress-signaling pathways. The computer simulations reveal responses to acute energetic perturbations, promoting cellular survival and recovery to homeostasis. We speculated that the very same stress mechanisms are activated during aging in post-mitotic cells. To test this hypothesis, we modified the model to be deficient in protein damage clearance and demonstrate the formation of energy stress. Contrasting the network’s pro-survival role in acute energetic challenges, conflicting responses in aging disrupt mitochondrial maintenance and contribute to a lockstep progression of decline when chronically activated. The model was analyzed by a local sensitivity analysis with respect to lifespan and makes predictions consistent with inhibitory and gain-of-function experiments in aging.
Marking our Milestones: Address of the 2016-2017 President to the Opening General Session at the 2017 Annual Meeting.

It has been my privilege to serve this past year as president of AACP. I have greatly enjoyed working with our members, our board of directors and staff. The year has gone by quickly. It has been a year of ambitious pursuit of our shared goals and as president I have had the opportunity to see the
TRANSCORONARY ALCOHOL ABLATION FOR REFRACTORY VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA IN THE SETTING OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

The management of drug and standard catheter ablation refractory scar mediated ventricular tachycardia remains a therapeutic challenge. This can be made more difficult if the presentation is complicated by unstable hemodynamics status. The patient is an 82 year old male with history of coronary
Linnaeus, Prince of Botanists

At the age of nineteen, and in his final year at the Vaxjo Gymnasium, Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) received the personal instruction of Dr. Johan S. Rothman that gave direction to his life. Rothman taught him to classify plants according to the Tournefort system and made him aware of the gist of Vaillant’s essay on the sexuality of plants published only eight years earlier in 1718, an essay Linnaeus would not actually read until years laterlThe following year, 1727, Carl enrolled for medical studies at the University of Lund; but the inadequacy of Lund for medical training was so evident that, upon Rothman’s recommendation, he moved a year later to Uppsala University. Even though Uppsala was the oldest university in Sweden, the institution and the town had not recovered from a great fire in 1702. Linnaeus did not hear a single public or private lecture on botany during his seven years there.
Diagnosis and Management of Partial- and Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears in Tennis Players

Tennis continues to be one of the most popular sports in the world, and as interest grows, our understanding of the physiologic demands of the sport also increases. During the course of a standard tennis match, players are required to repetitively exert themselves in short, but explosive, bursts of energy several hundred times [1]. This is especially true during the serve, but all types of strokes place very unique demands on the upper extremity [2–4]. To better understand the physiologic processes occurring during the serve, it has been broken down into five distinct phases: (1) windup, (2) early cocking, (3) late cocking, (4) acceleration, and (5) follow-through [4, 5]. In order to successfully execute these phases, energy must be transferred efficiently and effectively along the entire kinetic chain of motion. Although the greatest stress to the shoulder occurs during the cocking and acceleration phases, disruption of the kinetic chain at any point in the process can place the shoulder at risk for injury [6].
Isolation and Purification

The isolation and purification of plant viruses are necessary for the initial identification and characterization of viruses, for the production of antisera, and for a multitude of other studies. The terms “isolation” and “purification” often are used interchangeably by virologists to describe separation of virus particles in a pure form, free from plant host constituents. In this chapter the term “purification” will be used to describe this activity. The term “isolation” will be used to describe the pure culture isolation of a single virus from a mixture of co-infecting viruses.
Effects of self-reported hearing difficulty on intensity discrimination judgments

Listeners may report difficulty understanding speech, particularly in background noise, despite having normal audiograms that do not suggest a sensorineural hearing loss. One potential cause of this hearing difficulty is auditory neuropathy (AN), a disruption in the function of the auditory nerve. AN may specifically affect auditory nerve fibers that code intensity differences at higher sound levels, resulting in particular difficulty with speech recognition but preserved audiometric thresholds. This study aims to detect AN by measuring intensity discrimination thresholds at different frequencies and sound levels, comparing performance to self-reported measures of hearing difficulty. Listeners performed an intensity discrimination task where they heard pairs of tones and judged whether the first or second tone was louder. Psychophysical functions were computed to measure listeners' discrimination thresholds and point of subjective equality (PSE, i.e., point at which the two tones are judged to have equal intensity). Results showed that listeners who report greater speech-in-noise difficulty had shifted PSEs specifically at higher sound levels (60–70 dB SPL, the range used in conversational speech), such that they were more likely to perceive the second tone as louder than it was. The results suggest that an intensity discrimination task may be a useful test for AN.
Designing for the Self: Enabling People to Design Behavioral Interventions

I investigate how individuals can employ human centered design techniques to adopt positive behaviors in their everyday life. I have designed and built a tool that supports individuals in planning physical activity using design processes such as understanding other people's behavioral needs, ideating behavioral interventions and prototyping behavioral solutions using evidence-based techniques. In my dissertation I will demonstrate how tools can support iterative behavioral design by evaluating behavioral solutions, drawing insights from testing, and making iterations to a behavioral solution. This work will result in new tools and design methods that enable people to adapt evidence-based techniques in a way that fits with their everyday needs.
Water Conservation Potential and Quality of Non-turf Groundcovers versus Kentucky Bluegrass under Increasing Levels of Drought Stress

Abstract In June 1991, a 2-year field study was initiated to examine if three non-turf groundcovers require less irrigation than Kentucky bluegrass (KBG). Irrigation treatments were based on decrea...
Influence of forage diets on ruminal particle size, passage of digesta, feed intake and digestibility by steers.

To assess the influence of forage diets on particle size of digesta in the rumen, three ruminally fistulated steers were fed alfalfa, orchardgrass or switchgrass hays in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. Mean sieve size of ruminal digesta for alfalfa, orchardgrass and switchgrass diets was 671, 652 and 466 microns, respectively. A second experiment examined the influence of ruminal particle size on digesta passage, digestibility and intake. Four ruminally fistulated Angus-Hereford steers were given ad libitum access to different proportions of alfalfa and switchgrass in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Either a 100% alfalfa, 50% alfalfa:50% switchgrass, 25% alfalfa:75% switchgrass or 100% switchgrass diet was offered once daily. Mean sieve sizes of the ruminal digesta of these diets responded cubically (P less than .01; 1,066, 946, 1,003 and 925 microns, respectively). Mean ruminal turnover times were 24.3, 24.8, 24.7 and 29.8 h, respectively. Dry matter intake increased linearly (P less than .10) as the proportion of legume in the diet increased; no influence of diet on DM digestibility was observed. Passage rate of dosed nylon particles 1, 3 and 5 mm in length was influenced (P less than .01) by size; however, no difference in the passage rates of the nylon particles due to diet was evident. Particle size of ruminal digesta did not respond in a linear manner to the proportion of legume in the diet. A smaller ruminal particle size was not associated with a faster turnover of digesta.
Baseline Control Strategy for Maximum Power Tracking for a 5MW Offshore Wind Turbine

This praper proposes a baseline control strategy for a 5 MW variable speed offshore wind turbine. Its main objective is to capture maximum power while reducing fatigue due to overloads. The approach controls the torque when wind speeds are below the rated value and the pitch angle when the wind speeds are above the rated value. The controller's dynamic stability was proven using the Lyapunov theory. The design was implemented on a 5 MW variable speed wind turbine modeled using the fatigue, aerodynamic, structures, and turbulence (FAST) aeroelastic simulator. The obtained results show that the controller was able to optimize power extraction when wind speeds are below the rated value, and maintain it constant when wind speeds are above the rated value. The proposed approach ensures optimum power generation while at the same time mitigating overloading, thus extending wind turbine's lifespan and ensuring its efficiency.
An evaluation of scooter injury and injury patterns following widespread adoption of E-scooters in a major metropolitan area.

Abstract Objective Despite the increasing use of e-scooters globally, the pattern of injuries on diagnostic imaging had not been well-documented to date. We performed a retrospective study utilizing our health system's radiology database to characterize the injury distribution and imaging features of scooter injuries. Methods We utilized our radiology report database searching for any imaging report containing the word “scooter”, beginning September 1, 2017, when scooters were first introduced to our area through December 1, 2018. Results Our search yielded a total of 54 patients with 105 imaging studies. The injuries predominantly affected the musculoskeletal system, with a predilection to the upper extremity. We had no cases of visceral or neurotrauma. Conclusion Musculoskeletal injuries were the predominant form of scooter injury. The lack of visceral injury suggests that emergency physicians should consider having a higher clinical threshold for ordering these studies in patients with scooter injuries.
Osteoclast-like giant cell tumors of the pancreas: Clinical characteristics, genetic testing, and treatment modalities.

e16752Background: Undifferentiated osteoclast-like giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas is an aggressive malignancy only described by a few case reports in the literature. In this study, we sought ...
A review of solution combustion synthesis: an analysis of parameters controlling powder characteristics

The solution combustion synthesis technique is a versatile method for the production of powders used in a variety of applications. It has been used to produce hundreds of compounds, thus demonstrat...
An iterative Markov rating method

We introduce a simple and natural iterative version of the well-known and widely studied Markov rating method. We show that this iterative Markov method converges to the usual global Markov rating, and shares a close relationship with the well-known Elo rating. Together with recent results on the relationship between the global Markov method and the maximum likelihood estimate of the rating vector in the Bradley–Terry (BT) model, we connect and explore the global and iterative Markov, Elo, and Bradley–Terry ratings on real and simulated data.
HYDRATION PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENT CLAY MICAS

A clay mineral that in its natural state expands to 15 a with water and to 17 a with ethylene glycol was treated with various concentrations of KCl. At the highest KCl concentration all the material was rendered nonexpanding. There was a threshold KCl concentration at which potassium ions were absorbed in sufficient quantities to prevent expansion of the clay in water. At concentrations less than the threshold the material is characterized by a random interlayer mixture of expanding and nonexpanding layers. The sequence produced with increasing KC1 concentration is: expanding clay → interlayer mixture → nonexpanding clay. Solvation with ethylene glycol is more effective than solvation with water for much higher potassium ion population densities in the interlayer space. At potassium ion population densities intermediate between those at the concentration thresholds for water solvation and for ethylene glycol solvation, there are layers that will expand with glycol and not with water. Low potassium ion population densities correspond to low surface charge densities of potassium saturated clays, and the clays expand like montmorillonite. The high potassium ion population densities correspond to high surface charge densities of potassium-saturated clays and illite and the clays do not expand. With intermediate potassium ion population densities corresponding to intermediate surface charge densities for potassium-saturated clays, the clays expand with ethylene glycol but not with water.
Clinical Trial Registry Use in Orthopaedic Surgery Systematic Reviews.

Background Results from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which have the highest level of evidence (Level I), often drive clinical decision-making and health policy. Often, unpublished trial data are omitted from systematic reviews, raising concerns about the extent of the reliability and validity of results that have been drawn from systematic reviews. We aimed to determine the extent to which systematic review authors include searches of clinical trial registries for unpublished data when conducting systematic reviews in orthopaedic surgery. Methods Systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses were gathered from the top 5 orthopaedic surgery journals based on the h5-index from Google Scholar Metrics. Systematic reviews that had been published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, which requires the inclusion of a clinical trial registry search, served as controls. For the primary outcome, each systematic review from the top 5 orthopaedic journals was screened to determine whether the authors of each study searched for unpublished data in clinical trial registries. We then compared the rate of registry searches with those in the control group. For the secondary analysis, a search of ClinicalTrials.gov was performed for unpublished trial data for 100 randomized systematic reviews. Results All 38 of the Cochrane systematic reviews (100%) included clinical trial registry searches, while the top 5 orthopaedic journals had only 31 of 480 studies (6.5%) that looked at clinical trial registries. The secondary analysis yielded 59 of 100 systematic review articles (59.0%) that could have included unpublished clinical trial data from ≥1 studies to their sample. Conclusions Systematic reviews that have been published in the top orthopaedic surgery journals seldom included a search for unpublished clinical trial data. Clinical relevance The exclusion of clinical trial registry searches potentially contributes to publication bias within the orthopaedic literature. Moving forward, systematic review authors should include clinical trial registry searches for unpublished clinical trial data to provide the most accurate representation of the available evidence for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Abstract 15360: Coronary Artery Dominance, Anatomical Variants and Anomalies in African American Population

Introduction: Coronary arterial dominance is defined by the vessel which gives rise to the posterior descending artery (PDA). The prevalence of right dominance is 80- 85%, left dominance is 8% and ...
An Updated Review of Pemphigus Diseases

Clinicians may encounter a variety of skin conditions that present with vesiculobullous lesions in their everyday practice. Pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, IgA pemphigus, and paraneoplastic pemphigus represent the spectrum of autoimmune bullous dermatoses of the pemphigus family. The pemphigus family of diseases is characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Considering the risks associated with a delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis and the potential for overlap in clinical features and treatment, evaluation for suspected pemphigus disease often requires thorough clinical assessment and laboratory testing. Diagnosis is focused on individual biopsies for histopathology and direct immunofluorescence. Additional laboratory methods used for diagnosis include indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Recent advancements, including anti-CD20 therapy, have improved the efficacy and reduced the morbidity of pemphigus treatment. This contribution presents updates on the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic work-up, and medical management of pemphigus. Improved strategies for diagnosis and clinical assessment are reviewed, and newer treatment options are discussed.
Longitudinal associations between executive control and body mass index across childhood.

Background Childhood obesity remains a prevalent public health concern. Executive control, a set of higher-order cognitive abilities for directing attention and behaviour, has been identified as a malleable factor potentially related to weight outcomes in youth. However, the directionality of this relationship remains unclear. Objectives This study examined reciprocal associations between three executive control components-inhibitory control, working memory and flexible shifting-and BMI (body mass index) percentile during childhood. Methods At four points throughout elementary school, a community sample (N = 294) completed executive control tasks and had their height and weight objectively measured. Controlling for sex and socioeconomic risk status, random intercept cross-lagged panel models were tested. Results Better inhibitory control performance predicted lower subsequent BMI at each timepoint, and better working memory and flexible shifting performance in grade three both predicted lower subsequent BMI in grade 4. However, BMI did not predict subsequent executive control performance at any timepoint. Conclusions Executive control abilities, including automatic response modulation, being able to hold and manipulate mental information, and being able to make flexible mental transitions, may be protective against weight problems, particularly in middle childhood when these abilities have had more time to mature and children begin to gain more independence.
Ecological Aspects of Host Colonization: Coaggregation, Osmoadaptation, and Acid Tolerance or Resistance

This chapter describes three examples of adaptations that are important for bacteria to colonize human hosts. It provides a short preview of coaggregation, osmoadaptation, acid resistance and tolerance. A complex microbial community exists within the human gingival crevice, the space below the gum line between tooth surface and epithelial tissue. A combination of bacterial activities and host inflammatory responses leads to death of tissues around the tooth, destruction of collagen connecting tooth to bone, loss of bone, loss of tooth, and various forms of periodontal disease. A hyperosmotic stress can occur when bacteria are transported by ingestion from a contaminated drinking water source to a site in the human lower bowel or when bacterial cells infecting the urinary tract are exposed to fluctuating urine osmolalities. Escherichia coli and Salmonella cells can become acid tolerant (a term used to indicate that they have an inducible insensitivity to acid). A nonlethal exposure to mild acid conditions will transiently protect these species against lethal, more severe acid exposures. Inflicting damage on host tissues and evading immune surveillance are not only events, but defining properties in the life of a pathogenic bacterium. Equally important are characteristics essential for a pathogen to grow within a host and to access new hosts. Coaggregation, osmoadaptation, and acid tolerance and resistance are not essential for routine growth of bacteria in culture.
Charitable Contributions of Property: A Broken System Reimagined

On average, nearly $46 billion of property is given to charitable organizations each year, about twenty-five percent of the total charitable deduction. This makes the charitable contribution deduction for property a tax expenditure within a tax expenditure, yet it is rarely analyzed as such. It emerged as part of a noble effort to encourage contributions to worthy organizations. But the deduction for property has never worked well. The general rule allowing a deduction based on the fair market value of the property may have some intuitive appeal, but its implementation has yielded numerous exceptions and immense complexity. The Article argues that the extensive historical effort to allow a deduction for property contributions is a failure. Given the substantial direct and indirect costs involved, the uncertain benefit to the donee from property contributions, and the absence of any affirmative policy to favor property contributions as such, it is time to reverse the general rule and not allow a charitable deduction for property contributions. Reversing the general rule would provide many benefits — increased revenue, improved tax administration, fewer abusive transactions, a simpler and more equitable tax code, and a preference for cash. Exceptions to the general rule of disallowance may be warranted, but any exception should be analyzed and fashioned according to whether it provides a measurable benefit to the donee. By following a measurable benefit to the donee standard, emphasis will be placed on providing a tax benefit that is administrable and that is based on the goal — donee benefit. Any resulting complexity should be viewed as a cost of the incentive, and weighed accordingly in deciding whether it should be provided.
Nutritional Induction and Suppression of Fruiting in Myxococcus xanthus FBa

A defined agar medium (A agar) containing 15 amino acids in concentrations between 0.5 and 2 mm was developed for studying the fruiting cycle of Myxococcus xanthus FBa. Cells grew only vegetatively in this medium unless the initial concentration of one of nine required or stimulatory amino acids was lowered about 50-fold. In the latter circumstance, fruiting bodies developed after several days of vegetative growth. The conclusion was that fruiting occurred when any amino acid required for normal growth became limiting in the environment. High concentrations (10 mm) of phenylalanine, tryptophan, or methionine prevented fruiting without affecting growth. Mutants requiring arginine, thymidine, or adenine could not be induced to fruit by limiting their unique requirement although they responded to the same deprivations which brought about fruiting of the wild type. A histidine auxotroph formed fruiting bodies when histidine was lowered to growth-limiting concentrations, provided that the medium was supplemented with purines. A uracil auxotroph was isolated that, perhaps secondarily, had lost some of the mechanisms which control the formation of fruiting bodies; if uracil was present, it formed fruits even when no amino acid was limiting. No concentration of uracil was sufficient to prevent fruiting. Fruiting bodies were formed when mixtures of the uracil auxotroph and wild-type cells were inoculated on A agar plus uracil, even when 75% of the cells were wild type. Microcysts of both strains were present in the fruiting bodies.
The Hume Literature, 1996

This bibliography covers the Hume literature for 1996. I have appended supplements containing additions and corrections to "The Hume Literature, 1986-1993" (November 1994), "The Hume Literature, 1994" (November 1995), and "The Hume Literature, 1995" (November 1996). I am grateful to all who have contributed additions or corrections to these bibliographies, and I again encourage readers of Hume Studies to supply additions, corrections, or bibliographical information still missing from any of these listings. For the Hume literature prior to 1986, the reader should consult Roland Hall's authoritative Fifty Years of Hume Scholarship: A Bibliographic Guide (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1978), which covers the period 1925 to 1976, and also lists the main earlier work on Hume. Hall's Hume Studies bibliographies supplement that work. They appeared from 1978 to 1988 and cover the years 1977 to 1985. My bibliographies depart from Hall's practice in that they do not list items published in Hume Studies. Articles and reviews from 1975 through 1993 (Volumes I-XIX) were comprehensively indexed in the November 1993 issue. Subsequent November issues include an index for that year's volume. The next bibliography, which will cover the Hume literature for 1997, will appear in the November 1998 issue. Readers are again invited to send me notices or offprints of their articles, reviews, editions, anthologies, and dissertations for inclusion in the next bibliography. Please email, FAX, or write to the addresses at the bottom of this page.
Physics of the outer heliosphere

Major advances in the physics of the outer heliosphere are reviewed for the 1987-1990 time frame. Emphasis is placed on five broad topics: the detailed structure of the solar wind at large heliocentric distances, the global structure of the interplanetary field, latidudinal variations and meridional flows, radial and temporal variations, and the interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium.