cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Public Timber Supply under Multiple-Use Management

In many parts of the world, substantial shares of timber inventories are managed by government agencies. The objective of this chapter is to examine the potential influence of public timber production on market structure as well as on prices, harvest quantities, and economic welfare. National forest management in the United States is used as a tractable case study, but findings provide general insights into the potential market effects of interactions between public and private producers in timber markets.
‘Voting with your feet’ and the quality of life index

Abstract This paper develops a new technique that uses the utility-maximizing migration decisions of rational voters/consumers to construct QOL rankings. We apply our technique to Canadian inter-provincial migration data for 1970–1990.
Single Umbilical Artery

Dr. Gellis, in 1971 Pediatric Yearbook, indicated that nothing very new was being learned about the missing umbilical artery and decided to say no more about it.1 In the July 1973 issue of Pedaitrics, there is an article and a commentary on single umbilical artery.2 I would like to make a couple of comments relevant to the report of nearly 40,000 infants reported in the collaborative study. In the Journal of Pediatrics in 1967 and 1968,3,4 we reported, in mixed black and white infants, an incidence of 0.3% single umbilical artery.
The Interface of Language Assessment and Forensic Contexts

“Forensic,” before an area of study and as popularized through television shows, has promoted interest in the forensic sciences. Forensic science is a general category for a wide range of sciences used to address questions in a legal context. For acceptability in the legal system, tools, methods, and analyses used should be scientifically grounded. Language assessment refers here to the assessment of abilities in an additional language, other than one's own native language. Is language assessment a forensic science? Or is it hybrid discipline drawing primarily from linguistics (scientific study of human language) and the scientific discipline of test development and theory. In this chapter the latter is assumed. Another focus for this chapter is specified, the role of an assessment instrument. Is the test itself “being taken to court” for challenges about the claims made by test developers or companies regarding its validity, reliability, and security? Or, is the language assessment process a tool in the legal process, in an examination of language evidence produced by unknown persons or by specific witnesses, suspects, or defendants? The focus here is on language assessment as a tool. This interface of language assessment and forensic contexts begins with a brief overview of the common contexts in which an expert in language assessment might be called on. This is followed by a review of key legal and assessment concepts. The interface is then further illustrated through five topics: differences between language assessment for large populations and single subjects, the relationship between language assessment and the legal question, the tension between court expectations regarding “scientific reliability” and the need for validity, the linkage of language assessment to legal interpreting needs, and the challenge of trying to determine the truthfulness of a person's language proficiency for the examiner and for police on the streets in the line of duty. Keywords: Assessment methods; Government; politics; and law; Immigration; Sociolinguistics
Design of a dynamic compensator for complete pole-zero placement

A method is described for the design of a dynamic compensator for complete pole and zero placement. In this method the desired poles of the closed-loop system are divided in two groups of fast and slow modes. The slow poles are placed using state feedback approach and the fast poles are placed using the state estimation method. The desired transmission zeros are achieved by a feedforward gain. An illustrative numerical example is given. >
Plant community diversity influences vector behaviour and Barley yellow dwarf virus population structure

The species composition of a plant community can affect the distribution and abundance of other organisms including plant pathogens. The goal of this study was to understand the role of host diversity in the transmission of two Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) species that share insect vectors and hosts. Greenhouse experiments measured the transmission rate of BYDV species PAV and PAS from infected oat plants to healthy agricultural and wild grasses and from these species back to healthy oat seedlings. In the field component of the study, the rate of spread of PAV and PAS was measured in monoculture plots planted with agricultural grasses. In greenhouse experiments, the aphid vector more readily transmitted PAV from agricultural grasses and more readily inoculated PAS to the wild grass species assayed. In the field experiment, disease prevalence was greater in wheat, but there was no difference in the rate of spread of PAV and PAS. These results indicate an interaction between vector and host genotype that selects for greater PAV transmission in grain crops, contributes to differences in disease prevalence between grass types, and maintains pathogen diversity within the larger plant community (i.e. agricultural and non-agricultural hosts).
Ground states of the Wick-Cutkosky (scalar Yukawa) model using light-front dynamics

We consider the ground state in a model with scalar nucleons and a meson using the formalism of light-front dynamics. Light-front potentials for two-nucleon bound states are calculated using two approaches. First, light-front time-ordered perturbation theory is used to calculate one- and two-meson-exchange potentials. These potentials give results that agree well with the ladder and ladder plus crossed box Bethe-Salpeter spectra. Secondly, approximations that incorporate nonperturbative physics are used to calculate alternative one-meson-exchange potentials. These nonperturbative potentials give better agreement with the spectra of the full nonperturbative ground-state calculation of our restricted model than the perturbative potentials. For lightly bound states, all of the approaches appear to agree with each other.
Brief fasting, stress, and cognition in children.

Effects of skipping breakfast on speed and accuracy of response in a number of problem solving tasks were assessed in 9- to 11-yr-old, well-nourished children. The conceptual framework for this study was derived from an experimental model of the effects of mild environmental stress, e.g., noise, on human performance. Plasma glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, and free fatty acids were used as indicators of the induced metabolic stress, and the extent of their association with the behavioral measures was determined. Fasting had an adverse effect on the accuracy of responses in problem solving, but it had a beneficial effect on immediate recall in short-term memory. Both effects are explained by a heightened arousal level associated with the brief experimental fast.
Suppression of proline requirement of proA and proAB deletion mutants in Salmonella typhimurium by mutation to arginine requirement.

Eleven variants able to grow without proline (provided arginine was absent) were obtained by spontaneous mutation from Salmonella typhimurium LT7 proA and proAB deletion mutants. Suppression resulted from mutation at argG, which specifies Nα-acetylornithine δ-transaminase. In the absence of exogenous arginine, deficiency of this enzyme would cause derepression of the arginine pathway and accumulation of N-acetylglutamic γ-semialdehyde. N-acetylglutamic γ-semialdehyde, if deacetylated, would produce glutamic γ-semialdehyde, the proline precursor whose synthesis from glutamate is blocked in proA and proAB mutants. All of the mutants grew only slowly (some very slowly) if not supplied with arginine. Sonic-treated preparations of eight mutants had no measurable acetylornithine δ-transaminase activity, but those of the three mutants least dependent on arginine had 0.11, 0.28, and 1.48 of wild-type activity; presumably, their enzymes have low specific activity, at least in vivo. Phage P22 cotransduced argG and strA. Genetic analysis showed that the minor degree of arginine dependence of the mutant with greater than wild-type in vitro enzyme activity was a characteristic of its argG allele, not the result of modification of the argG phenotype by mutation elsewhere.
The pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of LaT4P12(T = Fe, Ru, Os)

Abstract The superconducting transition temperature, Tc, of the LaT4P12 compounds with T = Fe, Ru, or Os has been measured under hydrostatic pressure P up to 1.8 GPa. The T = Fe compound exhibits a substantial increase of Tc from Tc (P = 0) = 4.1 K at a rate (dTc/dP)P=0= +7.2 x 10-1 K/GPa. In contrast, the Ru and Os compounds exhibit only weak decreases of Tc from Tc (P = 0) = 7.2 K and 1.8 K with (dTc/dP)P=0= -1.6 x 10-1 K/GPa and -9.5 x 10-2 K/GPa, respectively. An analysis of this strikingly divergent behavior of Tc(P) in terms of the structural characteristics of the RT4X12 class of compounds where R = rare earth element, T = Fe, Ru, or Os, and X = P, As, or Sb suggests that Tc(P) for these materials consists of two competing contributions: a depression of Tc due to the compression of the lattice (i.e., decrease in volume), and an enhancement of Tc due to the effect of pressure on La itself.
Preliminary Assessment of Resistance Among U.S. Wheat Cultivars to the Triticum Pathotype of Magnaporthe oryzae

Cruz, C. D., Bockus, W. W., Stack, J. P., Tang, X., Valent, B., Pedley, K. F., and Peterson, G. L. 2012. Preliminary assessment of resistance among U.S. wheat cultivars to the Triticum pathotype of Magnaporthe oryzae. Plant Dis. 96:1501-1505. Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of blast disease on several graminaceous plants. The M. oryzae population causing wheat blast has not been officially reported outside South America. Wheat production in the United States is at risk to this pathogen if it is introduced and established. Proactive testing of U.S. wheat cultivars for their reaction to blast and identification of resistance resources is crucial due to the national and global importance of the U.S. wheat industry. In this preliminary study, the phenotypic reaction of 85 U.S. wheat cultivars to M. oryzae (Triticum pathotype) was determined. Although there was a significant correlation in the reaction to blast at the seedling and adult plant stages, only 57% of the head reaction was explained by the seedling reaction. Because of the importance of disease development at the head stage in the field, assessment of all 85 cultivars occurred at the head stage. Among cultivars tested, a continuum in severity to head blast was observed; cultivars Everest and Karl 92 were highly susceptible with more than 90% disease severity, while cultivars Postrock, JackPot, Overley, Jagalene, Jagger, and Santa Fe showed less than 3% infection. No evidence of the presence of physiological races among isolates T-7, T-12, T-22, and T-25 was found.
Modifications of the Bass—Kessler Spectrograph

Three compact, grating spectrographs have been designed and constructed: a high-speed f/0.87 spectrograph, an f/6.8 larger dispersion spectrograph, and an ultraviolet spectrograph with quartz optics. All use commercially available lenses and 4×5 in. camera backs. Resolution of better than 2 A is attainable with all three instruments.
Replication and extension analyzing the factor structure of Locus of Control scales for substance-abusing behaviors.

Two research questions were addressed in this study. First, what are the dimensions of the concept of control orientation with respect to substance-abusing behaviors as measured by Keyson and Janda...
Engineering cyanogen synthesis and turnover in cassava (Manihot esculenta).

Cassava is the major root crop for a quarter billion subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. It is valued for its ability to grow in adverse environments and the food security it provides. Cassava contains potentially toxic levels of cyanogenic glycosides (linamarin) which protect the plant from herbivory and theft. The cyanogens, including linamarin and its deglycosylated product, acetone cyanohydrin, can be efficiently removed from the root by various processing procedures. Short-cuts in processing, which may occur during famines, can result in only partial removal of cyanogens. Residual cyanogens in cassava foods may cause neurological disorders or paralysis, particularly in nutritionally compromised individuals. To address this problem and to further understand the function of cyanogenic glycosides in cassava, we have generated transgenic cassava in which cyanogenic glycoside synthesis has been selectively inhibited in leaves and roots by antisense expression of CYP79D1/D2 gene fragments. The CYP79D1/D2 genes encode two highly similar cytochrome P450s that catalyze the first-dedicated step in cyanogenic glycoside synthesis. Transgenic plants in which the expression of these genes was selectively inhibited in leaves had substantially reduced (60– 94% reduction) linamarin leaf levels. Surprisingly, these plants also had a greater than a 99% reduction in root linamarin content. In contrast, transgenic plants in which the CYP79D1/D2 transcripts were reduced to non-detectable levels in roots had normal root linamarin levels. These results demonstrate that linamarin synthesized in leaves is transported to the roots and accounts for nearly all of the root linamarin content. Importantly, transgenic plants having reduced leaf and root linamarin content were unable to grow in the absence of reduced nitrogen (NH3) . Cassava roots have previously been demonstrated to have an active cyanide assimilation pathway leading to the synthesis of amino acids. We propose that cyanide derived from linamarin is a major source of reduced nitrogen for cassava root protein synthesis. Disruption of linamarin transport from leaves in CYP79D1/D2 anti-sense plants prevents the growth of cassava roots in the absence of an alternate source of reduced nitrogen. An alternative strategy for reducing cyanogen toxicity in cassava foods is to accelerate cyanogenesis and cyanide volatilization during food processing. To achieve this objective, we have expressed the leaf-specific enzyme hydroxynitrile lyase (HNL) in roots. HNL catalyzes the breakdown of acetone cyanohydrin to cyanide. Expression of HNL in roots accelerated cyanogenesis by more than three-fold substantially reducing the accumulation of acetone cyanohydrin during processing relative to wild-type roots.
Observation of nuclear molecular resonances through the (16O, α) reaction on light nuclei

Abstract Spectra of the ( 16 O, α) reaction induced by a 145 MeV beam at forward angles are measured on 12 C, 13 C, 14 N, 16 O, and 20 Ne targets. Prominent broad peaks are seen for 12 C, 16 O, and 20 Ne targets, but not for 13 C and 14 N. A direct 12 C transfer to molecular states is suggested.
Simulations of Subtropical Cyclones in a Baroclinic Channel Model

Abstract The present study considers a variety of cyclone developments that occur in an idealized, baroclinic channel model featuring full condensation heating effects over an ocean with prescribed sea surface temperature variation. The geostrophic basic-state jet is specified by the tropopause shape, and horizontal shear is included by specifying the meridional variation of zonal wind on the lower boundary. The horizontal shear induces anticyclonic wave breaking of baroclinic waves. Normal mode perturbations are computed using a “fake-dry” version of the model but integrated forward using full physics. Low-latitude moist convection is particularly strong in simulations with strong surface easterlies that destabilize the troposphere through water vapor fluxes from the ocean surface. Deep convection produces a locally elevated dynamic tropopause and an associated anticyclone. This modified zonal flow supports moist baroclinic instability. The resulting cyclones, identified as subtropical cyclones, occur in...
Inhibition of glycoprotein and glycolipid synthesis in hamster embryo cells by cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea

THE nucleoside, 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and the unrelated compound, hydroxyurea, are known to inhibit DNA replication in bacterial and animal cells1–3. Arabinofuranosyl cytidine-5′-triphosphate (ara-CTP) specifically interferes with the action of DNA polymerase II in bacterial cell extracts4, whereas hydroxyurea affects the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase reaction5. We have shown that ara-C and hydroxyurea bring about transformation of hamster embryo cells in tissue culture6. Further, it has also been demonstrated that ara-C inhibits the incorporation of 3H-D-glucosamine (a precursor of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid) into glycoproteins and glycolipids of hamster embryo fibroblasts and transformed cells7. In continuing these experiments we have been interested in, first, determining the site or sites of action of ara-C (presumably as its triphosphate) in the cell and second, studying other inhibitors of DNA replication as to their possible effect on glycoprotein and glycolipid synthesis.
Effect of Ag additions on shock wave degradation of superconductivity in BiPBSrCaCuO and YBaCuO

While it has been successfully demonstrated that Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} powders as well as mixtures of these powders along with silver and copper can be shock fabricated in metal or alloy matrices, it has been found that their superconducting properties are degraded by the shock wave. In shock fabricating Bi{sub 7}Pb{sub 3}Sr{sub 10}Ca{sub 10}Cu{sub 15}O{sub x}, it has been observed that at peak shock pressures of 4 GPa and above, the as-shocked material behaves as a semiconductor and there is no transition or superconducting onset in the resistance-temperature (R-T) signature. A transition was recently seen for the first time in Bi{sub 7}Pb{sub 3}Sr{sub 10}Ca{sub 10}Cu{sub 15}O{sub x} with plane wave shock loading at 1.5 GPa peak shock pressure. However, even at such a low peak pressure, the R-T signature showed signs of residual degradation: the normal state resistivity was semiconducting and it showed a two phase transition with a T{sub c}(R=O) of about 77 K. The R-T signatures of these degraded samples could, however, be completely recovered on proper heat treatment (typically around 860{degrees}C in flowing air for 90 hours). The results of the effect of the shock wave on Bi{sub 7}Pb{sub 3}Sr{sup 10}Ca{sub 10}Ci{sub 15}O{sub x}more » and YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} at different Ag doping levels is presented in this paper.« less
Effects of chronic consumption of ethanol and sucrose on rat whole brain 5-hydroxytryptamine.

— Whole brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels were determined after 3 weeks in rats chronically consuming ethanol, in pair-fed controls, and in pair-fed controls consuming sucrose in quantities isocaloric to the ethanol of the first group. A cryogenic harvesting and storage technique was developed to insure accurate measurement of whole rat brain 5-HT. It was found that whole brain 5-HT is completely stable for at least 16 days after decapitation into liquid N2 followed by storage of frozen whole heads at – 70°C. Using this technique and spectrophotofluorometric 5-HT assays, no differences were found in whole brain 5-HT among the three groups. Chronic consumption of ethanol and sucrose apparently lead to no chronic change in rat whole brain 5-HT.
Epitaxial Influence of Textured Conducting Metal Oxide Templates on Electrodeposited Ag(Ag3O4)2N03

The conducting oxysalt Ag(Ag3O4)2NO3 has been electrodeposited onto highly oriented conducting oxides of Tl2 03 and Pb0.8Tl0.2O1.9. T12O3 was grown in a [100] texture while the Pb0.8Tl0.2O1.9 was grown with two different thickness-dependent textures of [110] and [210]. The orientation of the Ag(Ag3O4)2NO3 crystals with respect to the substrate surface was determined by x-ray diffraction. The face-centered-cubic Ag(Ag3O4)2N03 crystals deposited on body-centered-cubic T12 03 and face-centered-cubic Pb0.8Tl0.2O1.9 followed the orientation of these prelayers. However, Ag(Ag3O4)2N03 which was electrodeposited onto polycrystalline 430 stainless steel had a nearly random orientation. The lattice mismatch is 6.6% between T12 03 and Ag(Ag3O4)2N03, and it is 7.8% between Ag(Ag3O4)2N03 and the doubled unit cell of Pb0.8Tl0.2Ol.9.
SOME DETERMINERS OF ATTENTION1

Three experiments, using a total of 13 pigeons, examined the stimulus control acquired by the separate components of a compound visual stimulus transilluminating the pecking key. Experiment I measured the control acquired by components of compound discriminative stimuli used in discrimination training. Experiment II sought to demonstrate the effect of pretraining a single stimulus discrimination on control acquired by each component in a compound stimulus discrimination. It also investigated the effect of training the compound stimulus discrimination before the single stimulus discrimination. Experiment III sought a continuous stimulus control function when pretraining stimulus intensities were varied. The results suggest that the extent to which a bird “pays attention” to a stimulus, defined in terms of the degree of stimulus control acquired by that stimulus, is determined by how well it previously learned to discriminate that stimulus from other stimuli.
A Behavioral Orientation

n these remarks I want to discuss a few career research endeavors and their relationship to the past, present, and (projected) future scholarly concerns of the Society for Psychological Anthropology (SPA). Together with the late Ruth Hagberg Munroe, I was trained in behavioral science by John and Beatrice Whiting. The adjective behavioral is significant in this context because an emphasis on behavior can be said to characterize almost all the research the Whitings have carried out, and it is that emphasis that Ruth Munroe and I absorbed and sustained during our 36 years of work together. A conceptual label for our enterprise might be "general behavioral theory,"' which draws upon relevant, though varying, theoretical approaches in attempting to account for elements of such behavior. A broad array of these approaches offers fruitful conceptual frameworks, rich research agendas, testable hypotheses, and useful data. Herbert Simon
Apolipoprotein E, gender, and Alzheimer’s disease: an overlooked, but potent and promising interaction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an increasingly prevalent, fatal neurodegenerative disease that has proven resistant, thus far, to all attempts to prevent it, forestall it, or slow its progression. The e4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) is a potent genetic risk factor for sporadic and late-onset familial AD. While the link between APOE4 and AD is strong, many expected effects, like increasing the risk of conversion from MCI to AD, have not been widely replicable. One critical, and commonly overlooked, feature of the APOE4 link to AD is that several lines of evidence suggest it is far more pronounced in women than in men. Here we review previous literature on the APOE4 by gender interaction with a particular focus on imaging-related studies.
Multi-period operator assignment considering skills, learning and forgetting in labour-intensive cells

This paper deals with assigning operators to various operations in a labour-intensive cellular environment. The operator skill levels and skill-based operation times are used as opposed to the classical approach of using standard times. A three-phase approach is developed to tackle the entire problem: (1) finding alternative cell configurations; (2) loading cells and finding crew sizes; (3) assigning operators to operations. A multi-period analysis is performed to study the main issues in this paper. Mathematical models are used in all phases. Two heuristic approaches (Max, MaxMin) are developed for operator assignment in phase III. Both heuristics are compared and their impact on operator learning and forgetting is also investigated. Results show that the proposed approaches in operator assignment outperform the classical approach of using standard times. Heuristic Max resulted in lower makespan and higher idle times whereas heuristic MaxMin improved operator skills more uniformly.
The contribution of pion absorption with two-nucleon emission to the pion-nucleus optical potential

Abstract Four terms in the pion-nucleus optical potential which arise from pion absorption with two nucleon emission are calculated using a model in which the nucleon is treated as a bound state of a pion and a nucleon. The contribution of these terms to the reaction cross section of carbon is considered. Two of the terms give rise to a negative reaction cross section, but it is shown that the sum of the four is positive definite. We find that the absorption reaction cross sections are very sensitive to the off-shell behavior of the free pion-nucleon T -matrix.
Non‐hermetic Encapsulation and Assembly Techniques for Optoelectronic Applications

The drive towards low unit cost in optoelectronic packaging is assisted by avoiding the need for hermeticity and by the use of simple assembly techniques. Silicone gels can solve this problem, provided the reliability meets the application requirements. Extensive lifetest data for semiconductor lasers and PIN photodiodes coated in silicone gels are reported in this paper. Results to date show great promise and promote confidence in the use of these materials for the environmental protection of optoelectronic devices. Apart from silicone gels, light cured resin materials can also offer benefits towards lower cost assembly processes. Tests are reported of the degradation in optical transmission of these resins and also bulk degradation under differing environmental conditions. The use of these polymer materials can play an integral part in low‐cost optoelectronic packaging developments, two specific designs of which — a silicon laser optical bench and a ceramic ferrule co‐axial structure — will be described...
Quantitative comparison of cytokine mRNA and inflammatory responses in cutaneous late phase allergic reactions.

Abstract The aim of this study was to quantitatively compare expression of mRNA for IL-5 and IFN-γ with the frequency of mRNA-positive cells, total and activated eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and vessels expressing adhesion molecules. Replicate biopsies of skin LPR to pollen antigens (Ag) and control injection sites (B) at 6 and 24 h were assessed for: (1) mRNA for IL-5 and IFN-γ by quantitative RT-PCR (QC-RT/PCR); (2) frequency of cells expressing mRNA for IL-5 and IFN-γ by in situ hybridization (ISH); (3) inflammatory cells and adhesion molecule expression. More mRNA for IL-5 was found in Ag- than in B-injected sites at 6 and 24 h by both QC-RT/PCR and ISH. Small amounts of mRNA for IFN-γ were detected in Ag sites by QC-RT/PCR at 6 and 24 h, but were not significantly different than at B sites. The frequency of IFN-γ mRNA + cells was higher in Ag than in B sites at 6 h. There was no correlation between the amount if IL-5 detected by QC-RT/PCR and frequency of IL-5 mRNA + cells by ISH. These findings also did not correlate with the degree of inflammatory responses. In conclusion: (1) greater IL-5 than IFN-γ deposition in Ag sites suggests Th 2 predominance in LPR; (2) lack of correlation between QC-RT/PCR and ISH findings may reflect varying mRNA content of inflammatory cells.
Treasury bill rates and treasury cash reserves

Recent studies have observed that, on a monthly basis, net Treasury borrowing and the budget deficit often move in opposite directions. Whether this pattern of behavior is due to chronic miscalculations or results from a strategic plan is the focus of this paper.
Charge-exchange collisions between hydrogen ions and cesium vapor in the energy range 0.5-20 kev.

Charge exchange collisions in ground state and ionic hydrogen incident on cesium vapor, measuring beam components after passage through target
Studies on Host Selection and Host Specificity of the Aphid Hyperparasite Charips victrix (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). 4. The Effect of Age of Host on Host Selection

The patterns of egg deposition by Charips victrix (Westwood) in the larval stages of 2 suitable hosts, Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao and Trioxys complanatus Quilis , are reported. The ratio of C. victrix eggs deposited to the number of wound scars on the dorsum of the aphid was used as an indicator of host preference. The larval stages of A. smithi were more readily attacked by C. victrix as they increased in age than were those of T. complanatus . In fact, the data support the hypothesis that T. complanatus larvae were increasingly rejected as hosts as they increased in age.
TCT-360 Appropriate Intravascular Ultrasound Measurement Intervals for Assessment of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy after Heart Transplantation

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is typically characterized by concentric intimal thickening diffusely distributed throughout the coronary arterial tree. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the accuracy of CAV assessment by IVUS is maintained at wider measurement intervals than the
ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT AND THE INTERPRETATION OF STRATEGIC ISSUES: A NOTE ON CEOS’ INTERPRETATIONS OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT*

This paper explores the relationship between organizational context and the interpretation of strategic issues by examining the hypothesis that CEOs' interpretations of foreign investment in the USA are influenced by the organizational context in which they are embedded. Three aspects of organizational context - the global business experience of the firm; the firm's level of organizational inertia (as represented by firm age and size); and the resources available for responding - are examined as predictors of CEOs' perceptions of foreign investment as a threat or an opportunity. Analysis of data from 320 organizations, controlled by industry, shows that global business experience, firm size, and perceived capability are significant predictors of the perception of threat and opportunity. the discussion addresses the implications of these findings for future research on issue interpretation and organizational context.
Experimenting an implementation-focused approach to undergraduate compiler course

Compiler construction is one of the most challenging courses to teach in undergraduate computer science curriculum. In a traditional compiler course, many theoretical topics are covered and a compiler project is assigned. Our previous experience shows that this approach not only is challenging but also can be ineffective sometimes. To cover the extensive amount of material within a semester is a struggle. To expect students to produce a working compiler is also impractical since most undergraduates have little experience in developing large software. Our preliminary experiment using an implementation-focused approach produces many positive outcomes. In this approach, the lectures focused on the case study of the design and implementation of a Pascal compiler using a language independent framework. For the project, students successfully used the given language independent framework to design and develop a working compiler for a modified subset C language.
Is democracy possible

In a New Yorker cartoon two men and two women stand, drinks in hand, gazing out over the darkening city from the balcony of their highrise apartment. They have the view all to themselves as one man remarks to the other, "We love the view. It helps to remind us we're part of a larger community." We see this as funny, or not, because we know that far below them people are going hungry, bag ladies are sorting their day's treasures, somebody is being mugged; there are traffic jams, drug deals, frayed nerves, and people speaking a score of different languages. We wonder, rightly, whether there is such a thing anymore as community in America. If there is, we want to know where it is and how to find it.
The acceptability of dry bed training and urine alarm training as treatments of nocturnal enuresis

Two studies were conducted to examine the acceptability of dry bed training and urine alarm training as treatments for nocturnal enuresis. The first experiment showed that parents who had implemented urine alarm training rated the treatment program more favorably than those who had carried out dry bed training. In the second study, the two treatments were considered equally acceptable by those who had not implemented them. Moreover, both treatments were considered to be more acceptable when offered by a clinic than when presented as self-help manuals. These results are discussed in terms of the claim that dry bed training is the treatment of choice for enuresis.
An Exploratory Study of the Generalizability of Selected Marketing Measures

Generalizability theory, a broad-based psychometric model for assessing the dependability (reliability) of measures, is used to assess several commonly used marketing measures. Classical reliability coefficients are reported for each measure and compared to generalizability coefficients. Classical theory is shown to be inappropriate in some marketing contexts and the marketing measures are found to be undependenable in some measurement situations. The comprehensiveness and flexibility of generalizability theory is demonstrated.
NATURE OF RADIATION DAMAGE IN NICKEL

Since many metals show a considerable increase in yield strength after neutron exposure at pile temperature, the described experiments appeared to be suitable for investigating the nature of radiation damage that can be produced in this temperature range. Nickel specimeas of 99.999% purity which were irradiated as foils 1000 to 2000A thick were investigated by transmission electron mieroscopy. All specimens were sealed in evacuated quartz tubes and irradiated in the Brookhaven Reactor. The same areas were examined at magnifications between 40,000x and 65,000x before and after irradiation with an integrated flunx of 10/sup 16/ or 10/sup 19/ nvt. (W.D.M.)
Perceived Relationship Dissolution and Sexual Orientation of a Hypothetical Ex-Partner as a Threat to Identity

We examined the effect of participants’ beliefs regarding origins of sexuality and the sexual orientation of a partner initiating the termination of a relationship on participants’ emotional experience and perceived harm to one’s public identity. Self-identified heterosexual participants who endorsed the belief that sexual orientation is either innate or a choice were asked to imagine that a relationship partner left them for either a same-sex or opposite-sex relationship partner. A mediated moderation analysis showed that, compared to when the ex-partner was straight, participants with a belief that sexual orientation is innate believed the gay ex-partner was not intentionally attempting to harm their public identity and perceived less damage to their public identity, which resulted in less anger.
ADEP Leaves No Survivors

Chronic bacterial infections, such as endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and catheter infections, can be difficult to eradicate with antibiotics. This phenomenon is primarily due to the presence of bacterial biofilms, which are aggregates of dormant bacteria that adhere to surfaces and are tolerant to the effects of antibiotics. These “persisters,” although not genetically resistant to antibiotics, are able to avoid the effects of antibiotics because of their dormancy—antibiotics usually target pathways that are not in use in dormant cells. A new class of compounds, known as acyldepsipeptides (ADEPs), act by turning on a bacterial protein called ClpP, which normally breaks down proteins that are not formed properly. In the presence of ADEPs, ClpP remains activated and nonspecifically breaks down proteins, resulting in bacterial killing. Conlon and colleagues sought to determine whether one member of this antibiotic family, ADEP4, could cause protein breakdown even in dormant cells. The authors first compared proteins from stationary (nondividing) Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that were treated versus not treated with ADEP4. They found that ADEP4 treatment resulted in breakdown of over 400 bacterial proteins with varying functions. Next, to determine whether ADEP4 could kill persister cells, the authors examined a culture of stationary S. aureus that could not be killed with conventional antibiotics and found a 4 log10 decrease in cell counts with ADEP4 treatment. The bacterial cells rebounded 3 days after treatment because of the development of mutations in ClpP that made the bacteria resistant to ADEP4. However, when ADEP4 was combined with conventional antibiotics, the stationary S. aureus was eradicated. Similar results were obtained by using S. aureus biofilms from an osteomyelitis-associated strain. Last, using a mouse model of a chronic S. aureus infection of the thigh that could not be cured with conventional antibiotics, the authors showed that ADEP4 combined with the antibiotic rifampicin led to sterilization of the infected tissue within 24 hours. This study demonstrates that a new class of antibiotics that activates protein breakdown can kill stationary bacteria and persister bacteria in biofilms in culture and in a mouse model. Importantly, the study demonstrates that this class of compounds can perform their action even in dormant, nongrowing bacterial cells. Targeting pathways that are present in dormant cells, including other protein breakdown pathways, may provide a much-needed future treatment option for chronic bacterial infections due to biofilms. B. P. Conlon et al. , Activated ClpP kills persisters and eradicates a chronic biofilm infection. Nature 503 , 365–370 (2013). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v503/n7476/abs/nature12790.html
THE SLIPPERY SLOPE: Jury Size and Jury Verdict Requirements—Legal and Social Science Approaches

We review six recent U.S. Supreme Court cases dealing with the constitutionality of decision-making by juries with fewer than twelve members or operating under verdict requirements less stringent than unanimity. For the issues raised in each of these cases, we contrast the views of Supreme Court justices with data drawn from social science research and from statistical models of group decision processes.
A synthesis of numerical methods for modeling wave energy converter-point absorbers

Abstract During the past few decades, wave energy has received significant attention for harnessing ocean energy. Industry has proposed many technologies and, based on their working principle, these technologies generally can be categorized into oscillating water columns, point absorbers, overtopping systems, and bottom-hinged systems. In particular, many researchers have focused on modeling the point absorber, which is thought to be the most cost-efficient technology to extract wave energy. To model such devices, several modeling methods have been used such as analytical methods, boundary integral equation methods and Navier–Stokes equation methods. The first two are generally combined with the use of empirical solution to represent the viscous damping effect, while the last one is directly included in the solution. To assist the development of wave energy conversion (WEC) technologies, this paper extensively reviews the methods for modeling point absorbers.
Fast macromolecules control mutual diffusion in polymer blends

The tracer diffusion coefficient D* of small concentrations of tagged linear polymers seems well understood on the basis of the reptation model1–6, but the mutual diffusion coefficient D which characterizes diffusion at higher concentrations remains controversial7–17. Such diffusion is important in blends of miscible, yet chemically dissimilar, polymers where it controls the kinetics of phase separation and the welding of polymer interfaces. The controversy centres on predicting D from the D*s of the components of the blend. While the 'slow theory'7,8 predicts that D is controlled by the diffusion of the slower-moving component, 'fast theory'9,10 says it is controlled by the diffusion of the faster-moving one. Here we report experiments in which we measure the mutual diffusion coefficient as we increase the tracer diffusion coefficient of the faster-moving component in the blend by decreasing its molecular weight. The strong increase in D we observe demonstrates that the 'fast theory' prediction is correct.
Overexposure to crystalline silica in a foundry operation.

(2003). Overexposure to Crystalline Silica in a Foundry Operation. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 18-21.
The Photochemistry of Ergosterol.

IN order to study the changes undergone by ergosterol under the influence of ultra-violet irradiation, the following arrangement has been devised: The flat platinum surface of a sensitive platinum-tellurium thermopile (constructed by Dr. W. Vanselow in this laboratory) was coated with a layer of solid ergosterol cemented with ether and was then exposed to monochromatic radiation from an intense quartz-mercury arc using a Hilger quartz monochromator. Variations in the intensity of the light source were checked by the use of a second thermopile.
Hartree and Thomas: the forefathers of density functional theory

Douglas Hartree and Hilleth Thomas were graduate students together at Cambridge University in the mid-1920s. Each developed an important approximation method to calculate the electronic structure of atoms. Each went on to make significant contributions to numerical analysis and to the development of scientific computing. Their early efforts were fused in the mid-1960s with the development of an approach to the many-particle problem in quantum mechanics called density functional theory. This paper discusses the experiences which led Hartree and Thomas to their approximations, outlines the similarities in their subsequent careers, and highlights the essential role their work played in the foundational papers of modern density functional theory.
Kinetic and spectroscopic analyses of mutants of a conserved histidine in the metallophosphatases calcineurin and λ protein phosphatase.

Calcineurin belongs to a family of serine/threonine protein phosphatases that contain active site dinuclear metal cofactors. Bacteriophage lambda protein phosphatase is also considered to be a member of this family based on sequence comparisons (Lohse, D. L., Denu, J. M., and Dixon, J. E. (1995) Structure 3, 987-990). Using EPR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that lambda protein phosphatase accommodates a dinuclear metal center. Calcineurin and lambda protein phosphatase likewise contain a conserved histidine that is not a metal ligand but is within 5 A of either metal in calcineurin. In this study the conserved histidine in calcineurin was mutated to glutamine and the mutant protein analyzed by EPR spectroscopy and kinetic methods. Parallel studies with an analogous lambda protein phosphatase mutant were also carried out. Kinetic studies using paranitrophenyl phosphate as substrate showed a decrease in kcat of 460- and 590-fold for the calcineurin and lambda protein phosphatase mutants, respectively, compared with the wild type enzymes. With a phosphopeptide substrate, mutagenesis of the conserved histidine resulted in a decrease in kcat of 1,300-fold for calcineurin. With the analogous lambda protein phosphatase mutant, kcat decreased 530-fold compared with wild type lambda protein phosphatase using phenyl phosphate as a substrate. EPR studies of the iron-reconstituted enzymes indicated that although both mutant enzymes can accommodate a dinuclear metal center, spectroscopic differences compared with wild type proteins suggest a perturbation of the ligand environment, possibly by disruption of a hydrogen bond between the histidine and a metal-coordinated solvent molecule.
Time-resolved X-ray study of poly(aryl ether ether ketone) crystallization and melting behaviour: 2. Melting

Abstract Heating measurements of amorphous and isothermally crystallized (260–320°C) samples were carried out using time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to study the melting behaviour of poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK). In the amorphous sample, the scattering maximum became detectable after the cold crystallization, with the peak position qmax decreasing with temperature. The latter was also seen in crystallized samples. Two types of long period (LB and LMC) were determined, by using Bragg's law and the correlation function, respectively. These values are inversely proportional to qmax, and therefore they all increased with temperature. In the crystallized samples, two stages of increase in the long period were found: below the lower melting temperature of the double endotherms (Tm1, determined by d.s.c.), the increase was small, while above Tm1, both of the long periods increased rapidly. In addition, the invariant Q was found to increase with temperature but reached a maximum near the onset temperature of the last endotherm. These results were consistent with the hypothesis of sequential melting of lamellar bundles consisting of two populations of thickness. In the crystalline specimens, the increase in Q was mainly due to the thermal expansion, whereas in the amorphous sample, the larger increase in Q was additionally attributed to the broad cold crystallization.
Solubilities of metallic sulfides and quartz in hydrothermal sulfide solutions

Thermal waters contain small amounts of dissolved sulfides which in places precipitate at or near the earth’s surface. Knowledge of the physical chemistry of hydrothermal solutions is needed at elevated temperatures and pressures. Therefore, solubilities of the epithermal minerals cinnabar, stibnite, quartz, and orpiment in aqueousNa2S solutions was determined from 25–250° C, 1–2000 bars, and at severalNa2S concentrations. All the minerals are appreciably soluble inNa2S solutions. Pressure increase decreases solubilities of metallic sulfides but slightly increases quartz solubility. Temperature increase causes increased solubility at temperatures above 150° C, but at lower temperatures, cinnabar, orpiment and quartz show solubility decreases with increasing temperatures. Quartz and cinnabar are mutually soluble, but in the presence of stibnite only a small amount of cinnabar dissolves.
The attack of solid alloys by liquid metals and salt melts

Abstract If one component of a solid alloy is leached out by a liquid metal or salt melt at elevated temperatures, a plane solid-liquid interface is not stable according to a theoretical analysis. Thus a highly rugged interface may develop. In accord herewith, rapidly advancing liquid penetrations have been observed 1. (1) in solid Cu-Ni alloys involving 18–87 at. % Cu immersed in liquid Ag at 1000°C with preferential dissolution of Cu, 2. (2) in solid Au-Cu alloys involving 67 and 74 at. % Au immersed in liquid Bi at 400°C with preferential dissolution of Au, and 3. (3) in solid Ag-Au alloys involving 12 at. % Au from which Ag was dissolved anodically in molten AgCl at 800°C. In contrast, a plane solid-liquid interface has been found when Cu-Ni alloys were immersed in liquid Bi at 800°C since the solubilities of Cu and Ni in liquid Bi are about equal.