cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Classroom Incivilities: The Challenge of Interactions between College Students and Instructors in the US

This study investigates patterns in classroom incivilities among pre-tenure geography faculty at US colleges and universities. The analysis considers experiences of different groups of faculty, and societal and institutional contexts for faculty and student expectations. Most respondents reported experiencing minor incivilities, a minority outright hostility. Women reported experiencing more incivilities than other demographic groups. Large class size increased reports of misbehaviours. Instructors' physical appearance was also noted as influencing student–faculty interactions. Instructors' approaches to incivilities differed among groups. Non-White and international instructors reported fewer instances of confronting misbehaviours. Mentoring and sharing expertise are identified as key ways to support instructors.
Aromatic-hydroxyl interaction of an alpha-aryl ether lignin model-compound on SBA-15, present at pyrolysis temperatures.

An aromatic alpha-aryl ether compound (a benzyl phenyl ether analogue) was covalently grafted to mesoporous silica SBA-15, to create BPEa-SBA-15. The BPEa-SBA-15 was subjected to successive heating cycles up to 600 °C, with in situ monitoring by DRIFTS. It was found that the toluene moiety coordinates to SBA-15 surface silanol hydroxyl groups via an aromatic–hydroxyl interaction. This interaction is evidenced by a red-shift of the aromatic C–H stretches, as well as a red-shift and broadening of the surface hydroxyl O–H stretches, which are features characteristic of a hydrogen bond. These features remain present during heating until ∼400 °C whereupon the ether linkage of BPEa-SBA-15 is cleaved, accompanied by loss of the toluene moiety.
Generation of Hierarchical Topologies from Photocrosslinkable, Particle‐Stabilized Emulsions

We describe a way to obtain biomimetic, hierarchical surface morphologies. In order to mimic natural surfaces more accurately such as lotus leaves and gecko feet, we employ a strategy that bears many of the attractive characteristics of natural materials synthesis. The system in question consists of a photocurable monomer and water. To this quasi-two-component system we add polymer latex spheres. The monomer-water interface is then manipulated according to the well-established science of of complex fluids. Drawing from the rich phase behavior of particle-stabilized emulsions, we demonstrate the creation of complex biomimetic morphologies over many length scales. The resulting structures are then solidified by crosslinking the monomer with UV light.
Morphology and immunocytochemistry of the turtle pituitary gland with special reference to the pars tuberalis

Examination of pituitaries from young and adult turtles representing four families, reveals that in addition to the abundant juxtaneural pars tuberalis (juxPT) found in this class of reptiles, there is generally a substantial amount of pars tuberalis (PT) tissue closely associated with the pars distalis (PD). The PT forms a cortical layer especially conspicuous around the anterior tip of the PD in some species (Trionyx, Kinosternon, Sternotherus), or it forms a thick dorsal layer of tissue irregularly extending onto the sides of the PD in others (Pseudemys, Chrysemys, Lepidochelys, Chelonia). Immunocytochemical studies using unlabelled second antibody and peroxidase-antiperoxidase reveal that in turtles of all ages, the PT tissue allied with the PD (the PTinterna) is composed primarily of cells containing glycoprotein hormones (FSH, LH and TSH), especially the gonadotropins. The juxPT, however, consists mainly of secretory cells unstained by the antisera tested and includes only a small number of gonadotropes and thyrotropes. Although usually widely distributed in the testudinate adenohypophysis, the great majority of gonadotropes and thyrotropes present in the hatchling are in the PTinterna. It is probable that a concentration of these cells in the PTinterna is widespread among vertebrates. In all turtles examined, lactotropes occur principally in the anterior and ventral part of the PD proper; somatotropes are posterior and dorsal. Corticotropes are concentrated as the lactotropes in the anterior PD, but some are also scattered throughout the posterior half of the gland. Lactotropes, corticotropes, and with a few exceptions, somatotropes, do not occur in PT tissue in the turtle.
Microstructural defects in SrTiO3 bicrystals and their influence on YBa2Cu3O7 film growth and junction performance

We use a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) to investigate microstructural defects at the fusion boundaries of SrTiO3 bicrystal substrates. The optical transmission across the fusion boundary shows circular dark spots with diameters varying from 0.1 to 1 fum that are distributed non-uniformly along the boundary. After detailed characterization of the substrates, a thin YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) film (∼ 40 nm) was deposited on a 24° bicrystal. Combining NSOM and scanning force microscopy, we show that these substrate defects can cause the grain boundary of a YBCO thin film grown on the bicrystal to wander up to 0.8 micron in the film. Strain fields associated with these substrate defects are attributed to their influence on YBCO growth. The relation between these structural defects and the electrical characteristics of YBCO grain boundary junctions are also discussed.
Double-contrast barium enema: use in practice and implications for CT colonography.

OBJECTIVE. This study examines the use and yield of double-contrast barium enemas (DCBEs) for colorectal polyp detection in current clinical practice outside the research setting.MATERIALS AND METHODS. My colleagues and I retrospectively reviewed adult DCBE studies performed in routine clinical practice at a single academic institution from 2001 through 2004 by reviewing the official radiology and colonoscopy reports. Data were collected on indications for a DCBE, number of positive and negative DCBE reports, results of a DCBE after failed colonoscopy, and professional profiles of the radiologists who performed the DCBEs. Correlation for colon polyp detection was made by reviewing reports of colonoscopy performed within 12 months before or after a DCBE. Polyp detection and matching analysis used a six-segment colon localization scheme.RESULTS. A total of 244 out of 665 (36.7%) barium enema studies were performed using the double-contrast technique over the 4-year period—that is, approximately one per week...
Detailed Sorption Isotherms of Polar and Apolar Compounds in a High-Organic Soil

Sorption isotherms of 13 apolar liquids and solids and polar solidssix in unprecedented detailare used to evaluate a polymer-based model for natural organic matter. While all isotherms are nonlinear, the “running” Freundlich exponent n varies markedly with concentration. The isotherms show linear-scale inflection consistent with the presence of flexible (deformable) porosity as predicted by the glassy polymer-based Extended Dual-Mode Model (EDMM). The EDMM assumes dissolution and hole-filling domains in the organic solid, with provision for sorbate-caused plasticization of the solid and “melting” of the holes. Features of the EDMM are illustrated for chlorinated benzenes in poly(vinyl chloride). The solutes fall into categories of “hard” (aliphatics and 2,4-dichlorophenol) and “soft” (chlorinated benzenes, 2-chloronitrobenzene) according to their ability to plasticize organic matter. Comparison of domain coefficients at infinite dilution reveals that organic solutes have a modestly greater affinity for ho...
Stable isotope enrichment techniques and ORNL separation status

Abstract The isotope separation program is described, emphasizing present state-of-the-art techniques utilized to achieve specific isotopic requirements. An interesting problem addressed here is the calutron enrichment of rare-earth isotopes where small quantities of feed (
Measurement of carbamoylating activity of nitrosoureas and isocyanates by a novel high-pressure liquid chromatography assay

A new assay for carbamoylating activity using reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is described which offers several advantages over existing assays. A comparison was made of the extent of carbamoylation of the amino group of 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine (5'-AdThd) by chloroethyl isocyanate and a series of six nitrosoureas upon incubation (37°) at pH 7.4 in phosphate-buffered saline. Determinations can be made in less than 30 min, whereas more than 24 hr are required in the paper chromatography method of Wheeler et al. [Cancer Res. 34, 194 (1974)]. There is a very high coefficient of correlation (r = 0.986, N = 7, P < 0.001) between these two methods of analysis which allows compounds assayed by the new procedure to be compared to the data compiled through the earlier assay. The application of the new assay to the analysis of the rate of carbamoylating activity for these agents is presented, and a mechanistic basis for the marked differences among these structurally similar compounds is discussed.
Heat transfer in deformation calorimeters

A simple one-dimensional, axisymmetric model of a gas-pressure deformation calorimeter containing a lumped heat source accounts for observed pressure changes in terms of conductive and radiant components of heat transfer. Agreement is generally good between experimental data and the predicted calorimeter response for the range of source dimensions, heating rates, and test temperatures investigated in the study.
Flow and bulk density enhancements of pharmaceutical powders using a conical screen mill: A continuous dry coating device

Abstract The conical screen mill or Comil, a powder delumping device, was investigated due to its recent success as a continuously operated dry coater. The improvements in packing and flowability for different size grades of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and ascorbic acid), and excipients (Avicel and lactose), were assessed as a function of Comil passes, guest particle hydrophilicity, and the silica amount. First, a limited design of experiments was performed to identify standard Comil operating conditions, such as the impeller speed and powder feed rate. Detailed investigations showed that although a single Comil pass produced sufficient flow enhancements, a second pass was suggested for more cohesive powders. The hydrophobic silica yielded better results due to improved silica de-agglomeration and coating, which could be predicted through the host–guest surface energy differential. Additionally, using silica amounts equivalent to achieving theoretical 100% surface area coverage (SAC) provided better property improvements than commonly used 1 wt% silica. The improvements in bulk density and flow function coefficient using Comil were shown to be comparable to a well-studied batch-coater, magnetically assisted impaction coating (MAIC). Granular Bond numbers of Comil dry coated powders, estimated using contact-models, were one order of magnitude lower than for uncoated powders; whereas, the concept of aggregate granular Bond number was shown to better explain the flow enhancements for finer cohesive powders. The results presented suggest that Comil is a viable continuous dry coating device for powder flow improvement and can have a positive impact on the processing of poorly flowing APIs.
Some impossibility results in interprocess synchronization

In this paper we construct a formal specification of the problem of synchronizing asynchronous processes under strong fairness. We prove that strong interaction fairness is impossible for binary (and hence for multiway) interactions and strong process fairness is impossible for multiway interactions.
Resistance to Thyroid Hormone in the Absence of Mutations in the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Genes

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a syndrome of reduced tissue sensitivity to thyroid hormone. In the majority of subjects, RTH is caused by mutant thyroid hormone receptors (TR) s molecules that interfere with the function of the normal TRs, thus resulting in a dominant mode of inheritance. RTH caused by TRβ gene deletion, on the other hand, is inherited as a recessive trait. In as many as 15% of families, RTH manifests in the absence of a TR gene abnormality. The clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities in such subjects are not significantly different than those found in individuals with TRs defects. We propose that the molecular defect causing RTH without TR gene mutations must be elsewhere in the pathway of thyroid hormone action.
Hume's Progressive View of Human Nature

In the introduction to the Treatise, Hume maintains that scientific advance will come only through an accurate and comprehensive conception of human nature. He praises "some late philosophers in England, who have begun to put the science of man on a new footing" and declares his intention to build upon their work (T xvii).1 How much of the "science of man" that Hume goes on to develop is a recapitulation of the work of the other British philosophers and how much is new? When is Hume borrowing the insights of those who came before and when is he innovating? It is difficult to answer these questions, and not just because the rules of attribution in the eighteenth century were looser than in ours. For at times the verve with which Hume writes can lead one to think that he is in the grip of a new discovery, when he is in fact recounting the ideas of a predecessor. And at other times Hume puts others' ideas to work in a manner that they themselves never considered or would have actively opposed. There can be no doubt, however, that Hume does put forth new ideas, and some of them, I think, must be counted real advances on what came before. In this paper I will elucidate one such advanceÂ—the development of what I will call a progressive view of human nature. This view will stand out clearly when we place Hume's Treatise account of the virtue of justice against the backdrop of a dispute on the origin of human sociability between Shaftesbury, Mandeville, and Hutcheson, three of the five "late philosophers in England." For while a number of the pieces of Hume's account appear in the work of his
Interface Conditions for a Phase Field Model with Anisotropic and Non-Local Interactions

An alternative formulation of the phase field method is utilized from an integral equation perspective. The technique allows one to derive macroscopic conditions at the interface from the microscopic potentials. Differential geometry and asymptotic analysis yield interface conditions, in arbitrary spatial dimension, for interactions that may include anisotropy as well as non-local potentials. The interface conditions can be expressed in various formulations, for example, in terms of the principal curvature directions of the interface, or the second order directional derivatives of the (signed) distance function and the Hessian of the surface tension.
Effects of swirl and high turbulence on a jet in a crossflow

An experimental study has been conducted on the effects of initial swirl and high turbulence in the exhaust of a circular jet injected from a flat plate at a 90-deg angle into a crossflow. The different jet types studied were low-exit turbulence (3 percent), high-exit turbulence (over 10 percent), and 40 and 58 percent swirl. Surface pressure distributions and mean velocity vector plots were obtained for all of these cases. For the surface pressure distribution tests, the jet to crossflow velocity ratios R were 2.2, 4, and 8 for most of the jet types. For the mean velocity vector plots, R = 4 was chosen. Turbulence information in the jet plume was also obtained for the low-exit turbulence case at R = 4. The results showed that the higher-exit turbulence reduced the penetration height, and it also reduced the surface area influenced by negative pressures. The swirl-caused asymmetric pressure distributions and the swirl effects were more pronounced for lower-velocity ratios.
The Study Skills of First Year Education Students and Their Academic Performance

First year students take time to adjust to college life. A number of priorities are considered in order to survive in the tertiary level. One of which is complying with the academic requirements. The study described the study skills of the first year students in the College of Education, La Salle University, Ozamiz City, Philippines. The framework used in identifying the study skills of the first year students was adopted from Lucas and Corpuz (2007:4).These study skills were correlated to the students’ academic performance using Kendall’s Tau B, Chi-square, and Multiple Regression tests. There were 128 first year students who were taken as respondents of the study. The study reveals that the first year students have the skills in organizing and planning their work, preparing assignments or projects, and note-taking and reading. The students’ skills in organizing and planning one’s work; working with others and utilizing resources and feedback; note-taking and reading; and preparing an assignment/project correlate with their grades. The best predictor of students’ academic performance is note-taking and reading. First year college students need to develop the habit of studying their lessons, reading, and taking down notes to improve their academic performance. Keywords: Education, study skills, academic performance, descriptive design, Philippines
Molecularly Adsorbed Oxygen Species on Si(111)-(7×7): STM-Induced Dissociative Attachment Studies

Scanning tunneling microscope (STM)-induced selective bond breaking in individual molecules and conventional STM imaging are combined to determine the nature of chemisorbed O2 species formed during the initial stages of silicon (111)-(7×7) oxidation. A selective atomic-scale modification mechanism that involves dissociative electron attachment of tip-emitted electrons to empty adsorbate orbitals is introduced. Two molecular species were found: one involves O2 bonded to an already oxidized silicon adatom, and the other involves an O2 molecule that is bonded to a second-layer rest atom and interacting with two silicon adatoms.
Trauma risks and prevention strategies for snowboarders.

PURPOSE: To provide primary care providers with current information about the risk of injury and trauma prevention measures for snowboarders. DATA SOURCES: Selected research articles and Internet sources. CONCLUSIONS: Beginners are at increased risk for snowboarding injuries. Lower extremity injuries have been reduced in recent years by the introduction of the hybrid boot for beginners. Little has been done to reduce the significant impact of head injuries and wrist fractures to snowboarders. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Snowboarders comprise approximately 25%-37% of the population on ski slopes. Recommending the use of helmets and wrist guard protection to snowboarding patients is a useful trauma prevention measure. The high rate of injury to the beginner and young snowboarder makes a particularly strong argument for these safety recommendations to this patient population.
Density-dependent delta interactions and actinide pairing matrix elements

A density-dependent $\ensuremath{\delta}$ interaction is used to calculate pairing matrix elements for actinide proton and neutron orbitals. Tables of the matrix elements are given. The Seniority-one spectra of odd-mass actinides are analyzed in terms of these matrix elements. Several features of actinide spectra that cannot be understood with constant pairing matrix elements are explained with the density-dependent matrix elements.
Protein transport: A selective membrane mechanism

Proteins are selectively sequestered by a number of cell types. However, only in oocytes is the process sufficiently aggravated and specific to be readily studied. In these cells certain serum proteins are taken up in proportions different from those found in the serum. In vitro incubations of hormonally stimulated and synchronous mosquito oocytes show that the only protein capable of initiating the transport process is the female specific yolk protein. Heterologous proteins such as IgG, bovine serum albumin, cytochrome C, and ferritin are inactive. The female specific protein is a phosphoglycolipoprotein. It is synthesized in the fat body, a liver analog in the insect, and passed into the serum before being transported into the oocytes. Preliminary kinetic analysis shows the uptake process to be specific with an apparent Km of about 10(-7) M. Glycolytic inhibitors stop protein uptake. The receptor-mediated binding steps in the transport process are most easily studied in the chicken because of the enormous amount of oocyte membrane available from a given oocyte and because up to 1 gm of protein is normally transported per day per oocyte. IgG and the hen specific phosvitin lipovitellin are two of the physiologically important proteins that are transported intact into the chicken oocytes. The uptake appears selective as shown by studies with iodinated proteins. Ferritin conjugated to IgG is shown by electron microscopy to bind to isolated plasma membranes only where coated pits have formed, whereas ferritin alone is not seen localized on any membrane surface. These very specialized regions of the membrane are similar to micropinocytotic pits but, in addition, possess on their cytoplasmic side dense ridges that form the coat. Transport involves binding to the coated pits, the pinching off of the pits, and the subsequent movement of the coated vesicles in the cytoplasm.
Effects of Sustained Performance on Human Motion

The purpose of this study has been to investigate the effects of sustained performance on different component movements in human motion. Prior work (1, 2, 3, 4) has shown that the manipulative and travel movements of patterned motion are affected differently by short-term practice. This investigation has been carried out in order to determine whether differential effects of the kind found in these earlier studies are also observed in the sustained practice condition. A second part of this study has dealt with the problem of the role of the menstrual cycle in defining the duration of different component movements in a pattern of motion. The general method of this research consisted of measurement of the duration of two basic component movements in a motion pattern during practice over a relatively long period of time. In order to measure separately the manipulation and travel movements in a panel-control task, special electronic methods of motion analysis have been used.
Indoor thermal factors and symptoms in office workers: findings from the US EPA BASE study.

UNLABELLED Some prior research in office buildings has associated higher indoor temperatures even within the recommended thermal comfort range with increased worker symptoms. We reexamined this relationship in data from 95 office buildings in the US Environmental Protection Agency's Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation Study. We investigated relationships between building-related symptoms and thermal metrics constructed from real-time measurements. We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in adjusted logistic regression models with general estimating equations, overall and by season. Winter indoor temperatures spanned the recommended winter comfort range; summer temperatures were mostly colder than the recommended summer range. Increasing indoor temperatures, overall, were associated with increases in few symptoms. Higher winter indoor temperatures, however, were associated with increases in all symptoms analyzed. Higher summer temperatures, above 23 degrees C, were associated with decreases in most symptoms. Humidity ratio, a metric of absolute humidity, showed few clear associations. Thus, increased symptoms with higher temperatures within the thermal comfort range were found only in winter. In summer, buildings were overcooled, and only the higher observed temperatures were within the comfort range; these were associated with decreased symptoms. Confirmation of these findings would suggest that thermal management guidelines consider health effects as well as comfort, and that less conditioning of buildings in both winter and summer may have unexpected health benefits. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS In winter, higher temperatures within the thermal comfort range are common in US office buildings and may be associated with increased symptoms. In summer, temperatures below the thermal comfort range are common and may be associated with increased symptoms. Results from this large study thus suggest that in US office buildings, less winter heating (in buildings that are in heating mode) and less summer cooling may reduce acute symptoms while providing substantial energy conservation benefits, with no expected thermal comfort penalty and, in summer, even thermal comfort benefits. If confirmed, this would be welcome news.
1016 DEVELOPMENT OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) INFANTS

Evaluations were done at 21 months post-conceptual age on 134 LBW infants discharged from the Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Center between 1974-1976. A 60% return of those assigned for evaluation (all infants with birth weights less than 1500 grams and 20% of infants with birth weights between 1500 and 2500 grams) was achieved. The evaluation tools were the Bayley Scales of Infant Development with mental and physical developmental quotients (MDQ;PDQ), neurological and general evaluations. The only group that was significantly different from the other groups was those less than 1000 grams, where 6 of 16 in this group were estimated to be mentally defective. Three of the 6 defective babies had birth weights less than 750 grams. No differences were evident due to race and sex. It would appear that the babies at major risk for serious handicap are the very LBW babies and they continue to provide a perplexing problem for those involved with the care of small infants.
Massive streaming data analytics: A case study with clustering coefficients

We present a new approach for parallel massive graph analysis of streaming, temporal data with a dynamic and extensible representation. Handling the constant stream of new data from health care, security, business, and social network applications requires new algorithms and data structures. We examine data structure and algorithm trade-offs that extract the parallelism necessary for high-performance updating analysis of massive graphs. Static analysis kernels often rely on storing input data in a specific structure. Maintaining these structures for each possible kernel with high data rates incurs a significant performance cost. A case study computing clustering coefficients on a general-purpose data structure demonstrates incremental updates can be more efficient than global recomputation. Within this kernel, we compare three methods for dynamically updating local clustering coefficients: a brute-force local recalculation, a sorting algorithm, and our new approximation method using a Bloom filter. On 32 processors of a Cray XMT with a synthetic scale-free graph of 224 ≈ 16 million vertices and 229 ≈ 537 million edges, the brute-force method processes a mean of over 50 000 updates per second and our Bloom filter approaches 200 000 updates per second.
A single functional arginyl residue involved in the catalysis promoted by Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase.

Abstract The inactivation of Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase by phenylglyoxal occurs by a pseudo-first-order, pH-dependent process which is 100-fold faster at pH 8.4 than at pH 7.4. The second-order rate constant for inactivation at pH 7.4 is 32 m −1 min −1 . Although four or more arginyl residues of the 24 arginines per enzyme dimer can be modified, as determined by amino acid analysis or [2- 14 C]phenylglyoxal incorporation, only one arginine appears to be essential for activity. The association of this arginine with the catalytic process is supported by the finding that 2′-deoxyuridylate not only protects it from modification by phenylglyoxal, but in so doing prevents the enzyme from losing activity. Additional support is derived from the fact that the product of the reaction, 2′-deoxythymidylate, a competitive inhibitor of 2′-deoxyuridylate, also protects the enzyme, but 2′-deoxycytidylate and uridylate do not. Neither the enzyme's second substrate, 5,10-CH 2 H 4 folate nor the folylpolyglutamates protect the enzyme from inactivation by phenyglyoxal. These findings contrast with those recently reported by Cipollo and Dunlap ( Biochemistry 18 , 5537, 1979), which indicate that the inactivation is associated with the modification of 4 arginines per mole of enzyme, 2 of which are protected by 2′-deoxyuridylate. The requirement for a single arginine in the catalytic process is consistent with the involvement of one essential cysteine (Noonan et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 184 , 336, 1977, both amino acids apparently participating in the binding of 1 mol of 2′-deoxyuridylate per enzyme dimer. These findings suggest that the synthetase's two identical subunits function asymmetrically and that 2′-deoxyuridylate binds as a dianion.
Molecular scaffolds regulate bidirectional crosstalk between Wnt and classical seven-transmembrane-domain receptor signaling pathways.

Signaling downstream of classical seven-transmembrane domain receptors (7TMRs) had generally been thought to recruit factors that are in large part separate from those recruited by atypical 7TMRs, such as Frizzleds (Fzs), receptors for the Wnt family of glycoproteins. Classical 7TMRs are also known as G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are mediated by signaling factors such as heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding proteins (G proteins), GPCR kinases (GRKs), and β-arrestins. Over the past few years, it has become increasingly apparent that classical and atypical 7TMRs share these factors, which are often associated with mediating classical 7TMR signaling, as well as the scaffolding proteins that were initially thought to be involved in transmitting atypical 7TMR signals. This sharing of signaling components by agonists that bind classical 7TMRs and those binding to atypical 7TMRs establishes the possibility of extensive crosstalk between these receptor classes. We discuss the evidence for, and against, crosstalk, and examine mechanisms by which this can occur.
Investigating Technology Commitment in Instant Messaging Application Users

Although much research in the IS field has examined IS adoption, less is known about post-adoption behavior among IS users, especially when competing alternatives are available. Incorporating commitment theory from social psychology and management science literature, this paper proposes an IS continuance model that explains why some IS technologies enjoy continued use after adoption and others are often relegated to the basement as shelfware. This paper uses a technology commitment perspective to unravel why adopted technologies experience mixed success. Specifically, the authors argue that IS continuance may be best understood by investigating user commitment toward specific technologies. Three components of technology commitment, that is, affective commitment, calculative commitment, and normative commitment, are used to formulate a research model. The model is empirically tested in the context of instant messaging software. Results show a strong support for the model and explicate commitment differentials among users across different brands of instant messaging software. The study ends with a discussion of the results and their implications for research and practice.
Generalized Weyl algebras: Category O and graded Morita equivalence

Abstract We study the structural and homological properties of graded Artinian modules over generalized Weyl algebras (GWAs), and this leads to a decomposition result for the category of graded Artinian modules. Then we define and examine a category of graded modules analogous to the BGG category O . We discover a condition on the data defining the GWA that ensures O has a system of projective generators. Under this condition, O has nice representation-theoretic properties. There is also a decomposition result for O . Next, we give a necessary condition for there to be a strongly graded Morita equivalence between two GWAs. We define a new algebra related to GWAs, and use it to produce some strongly graded Morita equivalences. Finally, we give a complete answer to the strongly graded Morita problem for classical GWAs.
Social environmental impacts on survey cooperation

Social environmental influences on survey cooperation are explored using data from six national household surveys in the United States matched to 1990 decennial census data. Consistent with the past literature on prosocial behavior, cooperation rates in these six surveys are found to be lower in urban, densely populated, high crime rate areas. Measures of social cohesion show no evidence of influencing cooperation. The influence of the environmental variables is then observed after introducing statistical controls for household structure, race, age of household members, presence of children, and socioeconomic attributes of households. Over half of the measured influence of the environmental variables is explained by these household-level attributes. These findings have practical import for survey administrators and are informative for the construction of a theory of survey participation.
Structural and functional importance of first-shell metal ligands in the binuclear manganese cluster of arginase I.

Arginase is a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme that hydrolyzes L-arginine to form L-omithine and urea. The three-dimensional structures of D128E, D128N, D232A, D232C, D234E, H101N, and H101E arginases I have been determined by X-ray crystallographic methods to elucidate the roles of the first-shell metal ligands in the stability and catalytic activity of the enzyme. This work represents the first structure-based dissection of the binuclear manganese cluster using site-directed mutagenesis and X-ray crystallography. Substitution of the metal ligands compromises the catalytic activity of the enzyme, either by the loss or disruption of the metal cluster or the nucleophilic metal-bridging hydroxide ion. However, the substitution of the metal ligands or the reduction of Mn 2 + A or Mn 2 + B occupancy does not compromise enzyme-substrate affinity as reflected by K M , which remains relatively invariant across this series of arginase variants. This implicates a nonmetal binding site for substrate L-arginine in the precatalytic Michaelis complex, as proposed based on analysis of the native enzyme structure (Kanyo, Z. F., Scolnick, L. R., Ash, D. E., and Christianson, D. W. (1996) Nature 383, 554-557).
Automatic parsing of parental verbal input.

To evaluate theoretical proposals regarding the course of child language acquisition, researchers often need to rely on the processing of large numbers of syntacticallyparsed utterances, both from children and from their parents. Because it is so difficult to do this by hand, there are currently no parsed corpora of child language input data. To automate this process, we developed a system that combined the MOR tagger, a rule-based parser, and statistical disambiguation techniques. The resultant system obtained nearly 80% correct parses for the sentences spoken to children. To achieve this level, we had to construct a particular processing sequence that minimizes problems caused by the coverage/ ambiguity tradeoff in parser design. These procedures are particularly appropriate for use with the CHILDES database, an international corpus of transcripts. The data and programs are now freely available over the Internet.
Discussion of photo‐elicitation: an ethno‐historical accounting and management research prospect

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate Professor Lee D. Parker's call for the use of photo‐elicitation (P‐E) in qualitative accounting and management research projects.Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews relevant literature and previous P‐E‐based studies, discusses Professor Parker's paper in detail, and describes the strengths, concerns, and opportunities of P‐E research.Findings – This paper identifies the unique complexities that P‐E‐based research engenders and alerts researchers to the fact that P‐E may not be the most appropriate method when research questions are primarily concerned with uncovering the ethnography of institutions rather than the perceptions of informants. It concludes that while opportunities for P‐E research abound, researchers must be certain that P‐E is the most appropriate method to generate data.Originality/value – This paper examines an under‐researched procedure, identifies relevant related studies, and should help intending and existing s...
The Interaction of Thermal Radiation and M-2 Double-Base Solid Propellant

Abstract This paper reports the results of experimental and theoretical investigations into the effects of thermal radiation upon ignition and deflagration of M-2 double-base solid propellant. The values of the heat of reaction, the frequency factor and the activation energy in the Arrhenius expression describing the chemical reactions in the solid are determined by matching the numerical solutions of the mathematical model with three sets of experimental data. The effect of thermal radiation upon the propellant is only thermal. Theoretically the effect of thermal radiation on the burning rate is shown to be equivalent to an increase in initial temperature of the propellant only when the radiation absorption coefficient is small. For M-2 propellant, thermal radiation has insignificant effect upon the burning rate for a range of fluxes from 0 to 1.5 cal/cm2-sec.
The automorphism groups of domains in complex space: a survey

We consider recent developments in the study of automorphism groups of domains in complex space. Particular attention is paid to results with a basis in geometry. Keywords: Domains, automorphism group, automorphism, invariant metrics, complex differential geometry Quaestiones Mathematicae 36(2013), 225–251
Lipid conjugates of antiretroviral agents. I. Azidothymidine-monophosphate-diglyceride: anti-HIV activity, physical properties, and interaction with plasma proteins.

3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine-5′-phosphate diglyceride (16:018:1ω9), a phosphatic acid conjugate of AZT, is active against HIV replication in H9 cells and syncytia formation in MOLT-3 cells. The activities rank as AZT > pure conjugate > conjugate in mixed liposomes, with the pure conjugate having about one-third the activity of free AZT. The compound binds very rapidly to serum lipoproteins, but not to serum albumin, α and β globulins, or red cells. Pancreatic phospholipase A2 hydrolyzes it to the lysophosphatidic acid conjugate.
Analysis time in conventional and continuous development thin‐layer chromatography

Equations for predicting analysis time in thin-layer chromatography as a function of spot separation, solvent velocity constant, ΔRf and Rf, are presented and discussed.
Validation of lanthanide chiral shift reagents for determination of absolute configuration: total synthesis of glisoprenin A.

The complete stereostructure of the natural product (+)-glisoprenin A had been predicted via a novel application of chiral lanthanide shift reagents. Confirmation of the predicted stereostructure of (+)-glisoprenin A and validation of the chiral lanthanide shift approach have now been achieved through total synthesis.
THE AMERICAN ORTHODOX JEWISH HOUSEWIFE: A GENERATIONAL STUDY IN ETHNIC SURVIVAL

This study has explored the cultural dynamism within American Jewish Orthodoxy via the experiences of three generations of Orthodox housewives Examining the force of Americanization on its early period and the revitalization of traditional Judaic commitment in its more recent period, the study concluded that the second generation, in both organizational acumen and effectiveness of third-generation socialization, was pivotal to this unfolding The Americanization of the second generation did not operate as a deterrent, but as a comfortable context into which the third-generation has maintained a vital, traditional Judaic commitment
Effects of gender and psychosocial factors on "friends with benefits" relationships among young adults.

Friends with benefits relationships (FWB) are a blend of friendship and physical intimacy outside of a committed romantic relationship. This study examined young adults’ (n = 889) engagement in, and reactions to, a FWB relationship in the past year based on their gender, psychological distress, alcohol use, and relationship attitudes. Men (54.3%) were more likely than women (42.9%) to report at least one FWB relationship and both men and women reported that FWB relationships were associated with more positive emotional reactions than negative ones although this difference was larger for men. Greater alcohol use was related to engaging in a FWB relationship and this relationship was stronger for women. Further, thoughtfulness about relationship decisions moderated the relationship between alcohol use and engaging in FWB relationships, and again this moderation effect was stronger for women than men. Young adults with more psychological distress and who felt constrained in the FWB relationship were more likely to report negative emotional reactions. Implications for psychoeducational programs and future research are offered.
Quantitative Förster resonance energy transfer analysis for kinetic determinations of SUMO-specific protease.

Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology has been widely used in biological and biomedical research, and it is a very powerful tool for elucidating protein interactions in either dynamic or steady state. SUMOylation (the process of SUMO [small ubiquitin-like modifier] conjugation to substrates) is an important posttranslational protein modification with critical roles in multiple biological processes. Conjugating SUMO to substrates requires an enzymatic cascade. Sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs) act as an endopeptidase to process the pre-SUMO or as an isopeptidase to deconjugate SUMO from its substrate. To fully understand the roles of SENPs in the SUMOylation cycle, it is critical to understand their kinetics. Here, we report a novel development of a quantitative FRET-based protease assay for SENP1 kinetic parameter determination. The assay is based on the quantitative analysis of the FRET signal from the total fluorescent signal at acceptor emission wavelength, which consists of three components: donor (CyPet-SUMO1) emission, acceptor (YPet) emission, and FRET signal during the digestion process. Subsequently, we developed novel theoretical and experimental procedures to determine the kinetic parameters, k(cat), K(M), and catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(M)) of catalytic domain SENP1 toward pre-SUMO1. Importantly, the general principles of this quantitative FRET-based protease kinetic determination can be applied to other proteases.
Examining the influence of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, job embeddedness, and job search behaviors on turnover intentions in intercollegiate athletics

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, job embeddedness, and job search behaviors on voluntary turnover intentions among senior administrators in intercollegiate athletics departments in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 196 senior athletic administrators completed an online questionnaire assessing transformational leadership of the athletic director, organizational commitment, job embeddedness, job search behaviors, and voluntary turnover intentions. A model of turnover intentions was tested using structural equation modeling. Findings – Results indicated that organizational commitment did not mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and job search behaviors, nor did job search behaviors mediate the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intentions. However, job embeddedness moderated the relationship between organizational commitment and job search behaviors. Resear...
Instability and collapse of hazardous gas‐pressurized lava domes

An important type of gravitational lava-dome failure involves significant internal gas overpressure that influences the failure process. For the first time, this paper presents a rigorous analysis of the mechanics of gas-pressurized dome failure. We develop diffusion models to calculate gas overpressures in a lava dome, and embed these pressure data into stability analyses to demonstrate how gas pressurization can initiate instability. The results bear on the mechanistic understanding of hazardous dome failures. Gas pressurization can promote deep-seated failure, and the timing of conduit pressurization can control the timing of dome collapse. Theory explains why dome collapse can be delayed for cases of oscillating effusion. Dome collapses and explosive events linked to collapse of lava domes can be hazardous. Monitoring criteria are considered to anticipate whether or not such collapses are likely to be explosive.
Abstract 2252: Gadd45b deficiency impairs G2/M cell cycle progression leading to premature senescence

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Gadd45g encode for small (18 kD), evolutionarily conserved proteins that play a pivotal role in diverse cellular functions such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and are regulated by the nature of the stress stimulus encountered, its magnitude, and the cell type. Here, we show that Gadd45b negatively regulates stress-induced senescence. By using the 3T3 growth protocol to study tissue culture-induced senescence; we observed that Gadd45b KO MEFs display reduced growth rates at early passages (by passage 5) compared to wild type (WT) MEFs. Notably, this is in contrast with Gadd45a KO MEFs that show enhanced growth rate and escape senescence. Furthermore, senescence associated (SA) βgal staining showed increased blue stained cells at earlier passages in Gadd45b KO MEFs compared to WT MEFs. When MEFs were cultured at 3% oxygen, Gadd45b KO MEFs at 3% oxygen showed increased growth rate compared to MEFs at 21% oxygen, but growth was still retarded compared to WT MEFs at 21%, indicating that Gadd45b KO MEFs have increased sensitivity to oxidative stress leading to increased senescence. Additionally, we also observed that Gadd45b levels in WT MEFs increased with increasing passage number. Propidium Iodide staining and FACS analysis showed that Gadd45b KO MEFs arrest at the G2M phase of cell cycle. At passage 7, the majority (75%) of Gadd45b KO MEFs were observed to arrest at the G2M phase, whereas only 15% of WT MEFs arrested at G2M. This finding is in striking contrast to other senescent MEFs, which normally arrest at G1. Furthermore, FACS analysis of phospho-histone H3 (ser10) stained cells (mitotic) showed that, Gadd45b KO MEFs have less phospho-histone H3-positive cells than WT MEFs indicating that Gadd45b KO MEFs are arrested in G2 phase rather than M phase. Recent data also indicate that Gadd45b KO MEFs show increased phospho-histone H2Ax and phospho-p53 staining compared to WT MEFs, suggesting that loss of Gadd45b leads to increased DNA damage signaling. Interestingly, other stressors such as sub-lethal H2O2 as well as UV irradiation, known to increase oxidative stress, were observed to trigger increased premature senescence in Gadd45b KO MEFs compared to WT MEFs. Notably, staining embryos for SA βgal, we show that embryos from Gadd45b KO mice exhibit increased SA βgal staining compared to WT embryos, thus providing in vivo evidence for increased senescence in Gadd45b KO mice. Taken together, these data provide the impetus to further elucidate the role of Gadd45b in G2 arrest and premature senescence. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Andrew Magimaidas, Barbara Hoffman, Dan Liebermann. Gadd45b deficiency impairs G2/M cell cycle progression leading to premature senescence. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2252. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2252