cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Mentor-Mentee Relationship An Intricate Dance

Leadership in the mentoring of novice researchers is the focus of this column. Interviews with two senior nurse research scientists is presented in which they respond to questions about the nature of mentoring, advantages and disadvantages of the process for both the mentor and the mentee, and the necessary factors for a good mentoring relationship. Both scientists discuss their on-going work in mentoring and finally a synopsis of their thoughts is presented.
Inverse boundary value problems at the boundary—continuous dependence

We use the methods of microlocal analysis to give a new proof of a theorem of Kohn and Vogelius, showing that the boundary values of a continuous isotropic conductivity can be recovered from voltage and current measurements at the boundary. Moreover, we prove sharp estimates to establish the continuous dependence of the boundary values of the conductivity on the voltage to current maps.
Dimensions of Employee Attitude in an Industrial Aircraft Company

Summary The Industrial Worker Satisfaction Instrument was applied to 15,072 employees of a major aircraft production company and the responses were factor analyzed to oblique simple structure; a solution with nine interpretable factors was obtained. Results suggest that the broad model on which the instrument was developed is useful, but that it should be viewed largely as an heuristic device and not as a reflection of actual attitude structure.
Market Assessments of Inter-Industry and Intra-Intrustry Performance

This study compares the effects of the industry-wide and firm-specific components of earnings on the timing of security returns relative to fiscal periods. Our first hypothesis argues that information relevant to predicting industry trends in earnings is available earlier than information relevant to predicting firm-specific earnings. Accordingly we predict and find that returns associated with inter-industry performance begin and end earlier than returns to intra-industry performance. Next we examine the interaction between our first hypothesis and the size-based timing hypothesis. The latter hypothesis argues that information search incentives cause the prices of large firms to have a longer lead on earnings than the prices of small firms; and previous empirical tests support that prediction. We argue that the relation between size and timing would be consistent (inconsistent) with intra- industry (inter-industry) information; and we find size- based-timing differences for firm-specific earnings but not for industry-wide earnings.
Piracy on the molecular level: human herpesviruses manipulate cellular chemotaxis

Cellular chemotaxis is important to tissue homeostasis and proper development. Human herpesvirus species influence cellular chemotaxis by regulating cellular chemokines and chemokine receptors. Herpesviruses also express various viral chemokines and chemokine receptors during infection. These changes to chemokine concentrations and receptor availability assist in the pathogenesis of herpesviruses and contribute to a variety of diseases and malignancies. By interfering with the positioning of host cells during herpesvirus infection, viral spread is assisted, latency can be established and the immune system is prevented from eradicating viral infection.
An unexpected role for ergothioneine

Ever since the appearance of atmospheric oxygen, organisms have needed ways to protect themselves from damage caused by oxidative stress. Glutathione (GSH, Fig. 1A) is the dominant organothiol in eukarya to detoxify products formed from oxidative stress. In bacteria, several different small molecule thiols have evolved including GSH, mycothiol (MSH, Fig. 1A), a cysteinyl pseudodisaccharide found in actinomycetes, bacillithiol discovered first in bacilli and since then found in specific bacterial genera, and ergothioneine (EGT, Fig. 1A) produced by fungi and actinobacteria
Analysis of the Contact Zone between the Dusky Salamanders Desmognathus fuscus fuscus and Desmognathus fuscus conanti(Caudata: Plethodontidae)

Two most widely distributed ‘‘subspecies’’ of the Desmognathus fuscus complex are the northern dusky salamander (Desmognathus fuscus fuscus) and the spotted dusky salamander (Desmognathus fuscus conanti). Previous mitochondrial DNA and allozyme studies of this complex have suggested that these two forms should be granted species-level recognition. However, detailed examination of populations inhabiting the region where the two taxa come into contact have not been performed to corroborate this taxonomic change. In this study, specimens were collected from four transects that traverse the putative contact zone. Allozyme and color pattern analysis were employed to determine the nature of variation across the area and evaluate the taxonomic status of D. f. conanti. Phylogenetic analyses of allozyme data divide the populations sampled into at least four major groups, two of which are referable to Desmognathus fuscus (groups A and C) and two referable to D. conanti (groups B and D). This study supports the distinctiveness of D. conanti by revealing parapatry between populations of groups A and B in western Kentucky with only a minor amount of hybridization between them and identifies color pattern differences that are effective for characterizing most group B individuals. The data presented here suggest that a longitudinal division may exist within D. conanti in central Alabama. Group C occurs primarily on the Piedmont of North Carolina and Virginia and appears to hybridize with group A in central Virginia. Groups C and D are treated, conservatively, as D. fuscus and D. conanti, respectively; but further study may reveal that each is a distinct species.
Questions in Greek Rhetorical Theory and Demosthenes' Philippics

Nessuna classificazione, sia antica sia moderna, porta alla luce in modo adeguato la varieta di domande che Demostene utilizza nelle sue Filippiche. Lo scopo di questo lavoro e di esaminare l9analisi dell9utilizzazione delle domande nell9eloquenza greca e di elaborare una nuova classificazione che si basa sul lavoro dei retori antichi e studiosi moderni, ma mette in evidenza la diversita della prassi di Demostene e chiara come i diversi tipi di domande che egli usa nei suoi discorsi spesso riflettono l9approccio di tutto il discorso.
Beyond WIMP

The WIMP (windows, icons, menus, point-and-click devices) graphical user interface (GUI) is not an ideal interface. Expert users find pure WIMP GUIs frustratingly slow and thus use keyboard shortcuts. In addition, they don't scale well-GUI bloat accompanies feature bloat. The most serious limitation, however, is that WIMP GUIs were designed for keyboard-plus-mouse desktop computing environments-environments that takes advantage only of vision and primitive touch. Our goal should be to design user interfaces that match our human perceptual, cognitive, manipulative and social abilities. We want to interact as naturally with computers and intelligent devices as we communicate and collaborate with each other and as we manipulate our physical environments. Indeed, computers are increasingly being used to facilitate human communication, collaboration and social interaction. Therefore, we should increasingly focus on human-human interaction, not just human-computer interaction. This change in focus reflects not only changes in the mode of computer use but also the increasingly invisible nature of the computer in our environments. New environments must serve as forcing functions to give us far higher expectations for user interfaces than we have had previously. Furthermore, the potential of future interfaces for handicapped people is phenomenal. Thus, despite the technology challenges, the greatest challenge lies in our understanding of human capabilities and how to incorporate that understanding into new design tools, methodologies and user interfaces.
Filamentous Forms of Newcastle Virus

SummaryStudies on purified preparations of Newcastle virus of chickens demonstrate that this virus may be filamentous or stringy in form, sometimes with a large head, approaching the tailed forms o...
Preparation of Liquids and Colloidal Dispersions for Tem: Cryo-Sem Studies of Bare-Film and Freeze-Fracture Specimens

Liquid and colloidal microstructures can be imaged at high resolution with cryo-TEM and cryo-SEM by fast-freezing with a Controlled Environment Vitrification System. Frozen bare-films can be directly imaged by TEM, while films sandwiched between metal plates can be frozen, fractured, and directly imaged with cryo-SEM or indirectly imaged by TEM after replication. We describe sample preparation techniques and report cryo-SEM studies of particle distributions and fracture patterns in such specimens.
Space, Line, and the Written Biblical Poem in Texts from the Judean Desert

The earliest written copies of biblical poems currently extant come fromthe Judean Desert. This chapter consists of a series of observations about the special formatting that does not so much argue a position as elaborate an ever richer description of practice. It focuses on the material means of verse layout at Qumran and, in particular, on how its two outstanding features-spacing and the line (of writing)-themselves evolve out of ancient, Levantine (WS) scribal habits and practices. The use of space and the notion of tlinet in evidence in the varieties of special manuscript layouts for poetic texts-verse-at Qumran is both one of our earliest graphic representation of line structure in the WS (Levantine) poetic tradition and is an outgrowth of well-known Levantine (alphabetic) scribal practices and conventions. The chapter closes, in a heuristic vein, with some thoughts on the material nature of Hebrew poetry in Iron II Judah and Israel. Keywords: biblical poem; Judean Desert; Levantine scribal practices; line; poetic tradition; Qumran; space; texts
Sports concussion research, chronic traumatic encephalopathy and the media: repairing the disconnect

Todd Ewen was a National Hockey League (NHL) ‘tough guy’ who accumulated over 1900 penalty minutes in 518 games across 12 NHL seasons. He recently committed suicide after bouts of depression at the age of 49. Before an autopsy had been performed, the media pre-emptively wrote about how his depression and suicide were most likely the result of a career in the NHL, repetitive head trauma and the inevitable onset of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).1 Ewen himself was convinced he had developed CTE, as his wife recalled him being terrified by the thought of a future living with a neurodegenerative disease.2 Ewen's brain was examined by neuropathologists at the University of Toronto—they found no evidence of CTE. So we ask, how did a professional athlete who had treatable depression, come to believe that he had an untreatable condition and committed suicide?3 The public's perception of sport-related concussion (SRC) and CTE is likely not based on the totality of empirical data, but rather …
Late Dehiscence of Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device

A 68-year-old male with history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) refractory to amiodarone (CHA2DS2-VASc score of 3) underwent a successful total thoracoscopic surgical ablation of AF (mini-maze) procedure in August 2011. A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) performed before the procedure revealed no evidence of thrombus in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The base of the LAA measured 45 mm. The mini-maze procedure involved bilateral thoracoscopic, minimally invasive bilateral pulmonary vein antral isolation with bipolar radiofrequency, creation of roof and floor lines to isolate the posterior left atrium using bipolar radiofrequency, and exclusion of LAA with AtriCure Gillinov-Cosgrove clip of 45 mm size. Intraoperative TEE after clip deployment showed near-complete occlusion of the LAA. Dabigatran was discontinued after 3 months. A year later, patient was referred for electrophysiology study for symptomatic left-sided atrial tachycardia. A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging performed before the ablation revealed persistent occlusion of the LAA with the AtriClip with only a small portion of the proximal LAA remaining patent without any flow. All 4 pulmonary veins remained isolated from the previous ablation. An …
Endometrial hyperplasia risk in relation to recent use of oral contraceptives and post-menopausal hormone therapy

B109 Objective: To examine the relationship between recent use of oral contraceptives and hormone therapy and risk of complex endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, precancerous lesions of the lining of the uterus. >Methods: In this matched case-control study, cases consisted of women who were diagnosed with complex endometrial hyperplasia (n=289) or endometrial hyperplasia with atypia (n=173) between 1985-2003, and who had their diagnoses confirmed by outside research pathologists. One control was selected for each case, matched by age and enrollment status. Information on prescriptions filled were obtained from a pharmacy database. Medical records were abstracted for anthropometric measures and medical history. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. >Results: Only three (1.1%) women with hyperplasia had used oral contraceptives in the 6 months prior to the reference date, compared to sixteen (6.0%) controls (odds ratio 0.2; 95% confidence interval 0.0-0.6, adjusted for body mass index). Fifty-one (16.8%) cases had taken estrogen-only hormone therapy in the prior 6 months, in contrast to two (0.7%) controls (odds ratio 37.6, 95% confidence interval 8.8-160.0, adjusted for body mass index). The risk of hyperplasia among combined estrogen plus progestin hormone users in the prior 6 months did not substantially differ from that of non-hormone-users. >Conclusion: The present study suggests that the results of randomized trials of unopposed and combined hormone post-menopausal therapy in relation to the occurrence of endometrial hyperplasia as a whole are likely to apply specifically both to complex endometrial hyperplasia and to endometrial hyperplasia with atypia. Further examination of the association between oral contraceptives use and endometrial hyperplasia is warranted.
Comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic versus open prostatectomy for men with low-risk prostate cancer: a matched case-control study.

Background: Little data exist on effect of undergoing laparoscopic prostatectomy(LP) versus open prostatectomy(OP) upon 30-day mortality rates among low-risk prostate cancer patients. Materials and methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we identified men (2004 to 2013) with biopsy-proven, low-risk prostate cancer who met the eligibility criteria: N0, M0, T-stage ≤2A, PSA≤ 10 ng/mL, and Gleason score =6. We utilized a 1:N matched case-control study, with cases and controls matched by race, insurance status, Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score, surgical margin status, and facility type to investigate the short-term comparative effectiveness of LP versus OP. Results: Among the 448,773 patients in the National Cancer Database with low-risk prostate cancer, 116,359 patients met the above inclusion criteria. The target group was restricted to patients who received LP or OP, thus, leaving 44,720 patients for the study. The use of LP (compared with OP) was associated with patients with privately insured patients, treatment at an academic/research centers, high-volume hospitals, and white race (all P Conclusions: We found that the 30-day mortality rate among low-risk prostate cancer patients is significantly lower among patients who received LP when compared with OP, with various clinicopathologic parameters associated with its preferential use.
Quantification of Drosophila Grooming Behavior

Drosophila grooming behavior is a complex multi-step locomotor program that requires coordinated movement of both forelegs and hindlegs. Here we present a grooming assay protocol and novel chamber design that is cost-efficient and scalable for either small or large-scale studies of Drosophila grooming. Flies are dusted all over their body with Brilliant Yellow dye and given time to remove the dye from their bodies within the chamber. Flies are then deposited in a set volume of ethanol to solubilize the dye. The relative spectral absorbance of dye-ethanol samples for groomed versus ungroomed animals are measured and recorded. The protocol yields quantitative data of dye accumulation for individual flies, which can be easily averaged and compared across samples. This allows experimental designs to easily evaluate grooming ability for mutant animal studies or circuit manipulations. This efficient procedure is both versatile and scalable. We show work-flow of the protocol and comparative data between WT animals and mutant animals for the Drosophila type I Dopamine Receptor (DopR).
Resources for Medical Education: Finding the Right Prescription

What are the resources necessary to provide the highest quality education for medical students? This is the essential question which must be answered before a medical school can make a rational decision about the number of students to have in each class. In deciphering an objective way to determine the class size of a medical school, this paper explores the principles of medical education, accrediting organizations institutional expectations in providing a medical education program, and the author's personal experiences. The central tenets of a quality medical education include: learning by doing, student-centered learning, and the transmission of the attitudes, values and behaviors of the medical profession. This paper considers how these core components of medical education can be achieved and what resources are necessary to ensure that all students are appropriately supported.
Substance use and dependence among current reserve and former military members: Cross-sectional findings from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2010-2014.

ABSTRACTMaladjustment after leaving the military may contribute to poor health outcomes, including increased risk for substance use and dependence. The authors examined differences in substance use and dependence on the basis of military involvement in a large nationally representative sample. Data are from a subset of the 2010–2014 waves of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 5,608). The sample included men (81.9%) and women (18.1%) aged 20–49 years who had either separated/retired from the military (n = 4,862) or were a current reserve service member (n = 746). The sample was 70.8% Non-Hispanic White with a median family income between $50,000 and $74,999. Those who were separated/retired from the military had a higher odds of past month smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27, 2.36; p = 0.001), nonmedical use of prescription painkillers (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 1.88, 8.83; p < 0.001), illicit drug use (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.79, 4.24; p < 0.001), alcohol dep...
Task and Motion Planning for Manipulator Arms With Metric Temporal Logic Specifications

The aim is to synthesize control inputs for robotic manipulator arms that ensure a desired task specification is executed while optimizing a desired performance objective. We use metric temporal logic (MTL) to express the task specifications defined in terms of manipulating objects and implemented a hierarchical method combining mixed integer-linear programming (at high-level) to obtain a candidate MTL task specification defined in terms of the location of the arm end-effector and gradient descent based optimization (at low-level) for automatic synthesis of the motion plans to execute such candidate task specifications. The gradient descent algorithm is performed over the feasible input space to optimize the manipulator arm trajectory from a given arbitrary initial condition to perform the task at hand. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method by simulating a task specification on a Baxter robot.
Resummed tree heptagon

Abstract The form factor program for the regularized space–time S-matrix in planar maximally supersymmetric gauge theory, known as the pentagon operator product expansion, is formulated in terms of flux-tube excitations propagating on a dual two-dimensional world-sheet, whose dynamics is known exactly as a function of 't Hooft coupling. Both MHV and non-MHV amplitudes are described in a uniform, systematic fashion within this framework, with the difference between the two encoded in coupling-dependent helicity form factors expressed via Zhukowski variables. The nontrivial SU(4) tensor structure of flux-tube transitions is coupling independent and is known for any number of charged excitations from solutions of a system of Watson and Mirror equations. This description allows one to resum the infinite series of form factors and recover the space–time S-matrix exactly in kinematical variables at a given order of perturbation series. Recently, this was done for the hexagon. Presently, we successfully perform resummation for the seven-leg tree NMHV amplitude. To this end, we construct the flux-tube integrands of the fifteen independent Grassmann component of the heptagon with an infinite number of small fermion–antifermion pairs accounted for in NMHV two-channel conformal blocks.
Response Surface Methods and the Use of Noise Variables

The ideas of robust parameter design focus on reducing product or process variability that is transmitted by noise variables. These variables are difficult to control in the process or are not constant across different levels of consumer usage. In this ..
Outcomes After Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation as Destination Therapy at Transplant Versus Nontransplant Centers.

Background: Since Food and Drug Administration’s approval of the HeartMate II left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as destination therapy, the number of hospitals offering LVAD therapy has grown rapidly. A rising number are performed at centers without internal transplant programs. We sought to determine whether outcomes after destination therapy LVAD implantation are similar at transplant and nontransplant centers. Methods and Results: Adult recipients of a primary, continuous-flow LVAD as destination therapy between January 2012 and March 2014 from the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support were included. Subjects were classified by implanting center as transplant (n=3323) or nontransplant (n=260). Center volume before 2012 was categorized as Conclusions: In a large, modern cohort of destination therapy LVAD recipients, outcomes after implantation were similar at transplant and nontransplant centers.
The Learning and Teaching of Linear Algebra Through the Lenses of Intellectual Need and Epistemological Justification and Their Constituents

Intellectual need and epistemological justification are two central constructs in a conceptual framework called DNR-based instruction in mathematics. This is a theoretical paper aiming at analyzing the implications of these constructs and their constituent elements to the learning and teaching of linear algebra. At the center of these analyses are classifications of intellectual need and epistemological justification in mathematical practice along with their implications to linear algebra curriculum development and instruction. Two systems of classifications for intellectual need are discussed. The first system consists of two subcategories, global need and local need; and the second system consists of five categories of needs: need for certainty, need for causality, need for computation, need for communication, and formalization, and need for structure. Epistemological justification is classified into three categories: sentential epistemological justification (SEJ), apodictic epistemological justification (ASJ), and meta epistemological justification (MEJ).
The Holistic Athletic Healthcare Model: Addressing the Developmental, Social, and Cultural Needs of Collegiate Athletes

Many adolescent and young adult athletes only access the healthcare system through involvement in sports. Yet, many opportunities are missed in the sports medicine environment to provide holistic, quality care for these athletes that assists them in navigating to healthy adults and addresses inequities that impair good health. Since most causes of morbidity and mortality in this age group are related to poor health behaviors, and comprehensive health care services are fragmented, it is imperative that sports medicine healthcare be reimagined to incorporate a social-ecological perspective that holistically addresses the unique medical, social, cultural, and behavioral needs of athletes. We propose a social-ecological perspective that enhances developmental assets as the basis for sports medicine services. This innovative approach - the Holistic Athletic Healthcare Model - involves 1) addressing adolescent developmental needs and the social determinants of health at the individual level, 2) using strength-based approaches and demonstrating cultural competency in health provider relationships, 3) integrating medical care with campus community services, and 4) promoting health equity in the campus environment. Engagement in sports has many benefits beyond winning in the game, and health is more than being injury-free. Sports medicine practitioners and healthcare systems must be proactive in supporting athletes from all backgrounds to become healthy adults.
The Devil in the Details: Reflections on the Tax Reform Act of 2014

The Discussion Draft of the “Tax Reform Act of 2014” (TRA14) released by US House Committee on Ways and Means Chairman Dave Camp (R-MI) on February 26, 2014 represents a major effort for fundamental and far reaching reform of US tax law. Unfortunately, while many parts of the proposal seem quite sensible as an effort to bring back the “spirit of 1986”, the international tax reform proposals are deeply flawed and based on obsolete assumptions on the world facing US multinationals in 2014.Overall, TRA14 represents a welcome effort to propose a revenue neutral combination of base broadening and rate cutting. TRA14 envisages three individual rates of 10%, 25% and 35% and a corporate rate of 25%. This rate structure is quite sensible, and if it can be achieved in a revenue neutral fashion that is an added advantage. However, the international tax proposals are based on the assumption that because most other OECD countries have adopted a limited version of territoriality, i.e., a “participation exemption” for dividends out of the active income of Controlled Foreign Corporations (CFCs), the US must follow suit to preserve the competitiveness of US based MNEs. But this assumption is wrong, for three reasons. First, the empirical data indicate that under current law US based MNEs do not face a competitive disadvantage despite the fact that they are nominally taxed on a worldwide basis without a participation exemption. Second, the OECD BEPS project suggests that the effective tax rates of foreign MNEs are headed up, not down. Third and most importantly, reducing the US corporate tax can be done without putting US-based MNEs at a competitive disadvantage even if deferral were completely eliminated, and this has the added advantage of eliminating both lock out (the main problem the participation exemption is designed to solve) and the incentive to shift profits out of the US (which this version of TRA 14 does little to address).This paper will discuss these points and conclude that as far as the international proposals are concerned it would be better to go back to the drawing board and start from scratch with a simple proposal of full inclusion at whatever corporate rate is judged to be similar to the effective rates paid by foreign-based MNEs.
The Emory Angioplasty vs Surgery Trial (EAST).

The Emory Angioplasty vs Surgery Trial (EAST) was the outgrowth of the vision of Andreas Gruntzig, expressed as early as 1983, to compare the two revascularization methods in patients with multivessel disease. With sponsorship of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 392 patients were randomized and followed with 1- and 3-year angiograms and perfusion nuclear scans, and 450 patients were followed in a parallel registry starting in 1987. Now with complete 8-year follow-up, there is no significant survival difference. Revascularization was more complete in the surgery patients, and repeat procedures more common in the PTCA group. Excess procedures in follow-up were concentrated in the first years and the extended 5-year follow-up showed relatively equal use of repeat procedures. The superiority of surgery in diabetic patients seen in the BARI trial was also supported by the EAST findings.
Effects of light, dissolved organic carbon, and inorganic nutrients on the relationship between algae and heterotrophic bacteria in stream periphyton

Depending on the chemical and physical environment, algae and heterotrophic bacteria in stream periphyton communities likely engage in both positive and negative interactions. We tested the hypothesis that bacteria are more closely associated with algae when allochthonous sources of labile DOC are low and algae are not light limited. Secondly, we tested the hypothesis that, under extremely oligotrophic conditions, bacteria will out-compete algae for inorganic nutrients if their carbon requirements are met by allochthonous sources. Experiments were carried out using in situ light manipulations and nutrient diffusing substrates (releasing inorganic nutrients and /or glucose) in Harts Run, an oligotrophic stream located in north central Kentucky. Although we found that both algal and bacterial biomass were higher under ambient light, bacteria did not respond to glucose in the dark. This may indicate that bacteria were associated with algae not as a carbon source, but as a substrate for colonization. In the nutrient × glucose manipulation, we found that bacteria were co-limited by inorganic nutrients. There was no evidence of algae being negatively affected by competition with bacteria for nitrogen and phosphorus. Although low temperatures might have played a role in preventing inorganic nutrient competition between these two groups of organisms, the results of both experiments may indicate that the quantitative link between periphytic bacteria and algae is stronger under oligotrophic conditions.
Perioperative Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy Based on Route of Concurrent Hysterectomy: A Secondary Analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database.

ABSTRACT Study Objective The objective of this study was to describe perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy (MISCP) based on 4 different routes of concurrent hysterectomy: vaginal (VH), laparoscopic-assisted (LAVH), laparoscopic supracervical (LSCH), and total laparoscopic (TLH). Design This was a retrospective cohort study. A secondary analysis of the 2006–2015 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was performed analyzing women who underwent concurrent hysterectomy with MISCP based on Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. We excluded open abdominal hysterectomies. We compared outcomes between VH, LAVH, LSCH, and TLH including operative time, length of hospital stay, a composite outcome of 30-day postoperative adverse events, readmission, or reoperation. A logistic regression model was used to correct for pre-identified potential confounding variables. A minimum detectable effect analysis was planned. Setting Hospitals participating in the NSQIP program. Patients Women who underwent hysterectomy with MISCP. Interventions Not applicable. Measurement and Main Results A total of 524 women underwent hysterectomy with MISCP including VH in 31 (5.9%), LAVH in 40 (7.6%), LSCH in 322 (61.5%), and TLH in 131 (25%). The VH group had a higher incidence of ≥4 concurrent CPT codes (71% vs 27% in other groups, p = .03). Operative times differed significantly between groups (p Conclusion Regardless of route of concurrent hysterectomy, MISCP is associated with low rates of 30-day complications, reoperation, and readmission.
Choosing the right inhaler for the right patient: Considerations for effective management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma.

ABSTRACTBackground and purpose:Effective management of chronic respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma necessitates that patients inhale their medication. However, lack of detailed guidelines on the technological and mechanical functions of inhalers limits the
HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY, RACE AND OUTCOMES IN PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY

Black women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) have a high prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and worse clinical outcomes. We examined the role of HDP and race on recovery in women with PPCM. A total of 100 women were enrolled into the Investigation in Pregnancy Associated
Factors affecting aseptic loosening in primary total knee replacements: an in vitro study

Implant surface integrity and cement bonding are assumed to be sufficient in primary total knee replacements to stabilize implants for extended wear without concerns over delamination and loosening. Yet there exists a significant rate of aseptic loosening where failure at implant cement interface occurs. The aim of this study is to look at specific aspects leading to aseptic loosening of the total knee replacement, where cement adhesion to the implant results in the lowest pull off strength. Virgin ceramic coated and uncoated chrome cobalt tibial trays were used in a pull off study using differing viscosities of cement at varied time intervals to compare which combination is strongest compared to which is least resistant to pull off testing. Low viscosity cement had a 44% (5.9 kg verses 3.3 kg, p < 0.001) higher pull-off strength compared to high viscosity cement. Coated implants had a 30% (3.9 kg verses 5.5 kg, p = 0.037) lower pull-off strength compared to non-coated. Testing measures were limited to cement utilization less than 5 minutes due to the poor adhesion of the dowels beyond this time. Finally, there was a significant difference in adhesion properties between brand names when utilizing low viscosity cement on the non-coated trays (10.34 kg for Simplex verses 4.87 for Palacos, p = 0.021). There are differences in adhesion properties between cement vendors, prompting significant concerns over the use of coated implants with particular cement types. Use of low viscosity cement on non-coated surfaces in the early liquid phase of cement curing was found to produce the best chance for adequate adhesion. This study demonstrates that there is variation in the adhesive properties of implants utilized in total knee replacements, and that the orthopedic community should consider not only the implant, cement, and curing time individually, but the overall integrity conferred from the combination of all of these variables.
Information leakage of ADRs Prior to company issued guidance

Abstract We examine whether the degree of selective disclosure (as measured by information leakage prior to managerial earnings guidance) of foreign firms with ADRs is different from that of U.S. firms. We find that there is no variation of leakage before earning guidance between ADRs and U.S. firms. This result is consistent with the prediction that, despite being exempt from Regulation FD, ADRs have sufficient incentives to avoid selective disclosure even without the regulatory enforcement. In addition, we attempt to determine whether the variation in selective disclosure among the foreign firms with ADRs is conditioned on the respective home country transparency and governance standards. We find that country-specific characteristics, such as corruption perception, economic freedom and the legal system origin, explain the variation in information leakage of ADRs.
Pilot Test of a DBT-Based Parenting Intervention for Parents of Youth With Recent Self-Harm

Abstract Improving family functioning is a critical treatment target for youth at risk for suicide. The present study focused on the development and pilot testing of a brief, parent-only, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)-based intervention with N = 10 sets of parents of youth with a suicide attempt or nonsuicidal self-injury within the past 3 months. Youth received treatment as usual; however, they did not receive any treatment as part of the study. Results showed that parents who received the intervention reported reductions in parent self-reported depressive symptoms, emotion dysregulation, caregiver strain, psychiatric symptom distress and interpersonal sensitivity, from baseline to 6-month follow-up. Youth also showed decreases in total self-harm from baseline to 6-month follow-up. These results provide support for further testing of the DBT-based parenting intervention, both as a stand-alone treatment and as an adjunct to enhance the effectiveness of standard DBT for adolescents. This article provides a detailed description of the parenting protocol, as well as a case example.
A treatment to allow contacting CdTe with different conductors [solar cells]

A new method is presented for forming low resistance contacts to the CdTe surface of CdTe/CdS thin-film solar cells. After CdCl/sub 2/ processing, the CdTe surface is coated with a thin layer of copper which is heated and then reacted. The heat treatment diffuses Cu into CdTe, doping it p-type while the reaction removes elemental Cu and produces a conductive surface which is easily contacted using different materials. This process allows great flexibility in selection of a back contact material. High efficiency devices having fill factors up to 77% were fabricated. The process is applicable to CdTe/CdS devices having CdTe deposited by different techniques and is compatible with module fabrication technologies.
Successful Treatment of Bacterial Infection Hinders Development of Acquired Immunity

Antibiotics are routinely used to control bacterial infection, but the acquisition of acquired immunity following successful treatment has rarely been examined. We developed a model that allows visualization of acquired immunity during and following antibiotic treatment of typhoid. Pathogen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses were activated rapidly in antibiotic-treated mice, but were not sustained after successful antibiotic treatment and did not confer protection to secondary infection. In marked contrast, pathogen-specific Th1 and Ab responses matured over several weeks following immunization with a live vaccine strain. The deficiency in protective immunity following antibiotic treatment could be overcome by administering flagellin during antibiotic therapy. Thus, development of protective immunity is hindered by rapid therapeutic elimination of bacteria, but can be overcome by providing additional inflammatory and/or antigenic stimuli.
An introduction to density functional theory in chemistry

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces to density functional theory in chemistry. The chapter focuses on the study of stationary molecular systems for which relativistic effects are chemically insignificant; therefore, the use of the nonrelativistic time-independent Schrodinger equation is done. The molecular systems are considered to have a wave function adiabatically partitioned into electronic and nuclear portions; therefore the electronic part can be treated separately from the nuclear one. This is known as the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Despite these three simplifications, the electronic time-independent nonrelativistic Schrodinger equation is still, in almost all cases, unsolvable. The chapter concentrates on how density functional theory (DFT) can help to solve the Schrodinger equation through an exact procedure that bypasses the calculation of the wave function. Although many density functional methods are ab initio , for historical reasons the latter term are reserved for those methods that are based on the wave function approach to the energy eigenvalue of the Schrodinger equation, as opposed to density functional (DF) methods that use the electronic density to obtain the energy eigenvalue. At the risk of making the already confusing nomenclature even more so, it is important to distinguish between semiempirical and ab initio DF procedures, which differ in whether the functionals have or have not been fitted to experimental data.
Thermal admittance spectroscopy study: preliminary observations of a Meyer-Neldel relationship in CdTe devices

The present work is an extension of our previous study of the traps in CdTe PV devices characterized by thermal admittance spectroscopy. Preliminary observations of a Meyer-Neldel relationship (MNR) in the thermal emission of carriers from the traps are presented. In addition, two devices processed identically to two devices with trap signatures at different points on the MNR line were characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). An initial correlation between the MNR and the stability of devices during accelerated indoor stress testing is also shown.
Accumulation of 14C-Streptomycin by Streptomycin-sensitive and Streptomycin-resistant Group H Streptococci

Three streptomycin-resistant mutants of group H streptococcus, strain Challis, were examined for ability to accumulate 14C-streptomycin. Although the mutants exhibited different levels of transformation, only the streptomycin-sensitive parent Challis strain accumulated significant amounts of 14C-streptomycin. It appears that impermeability to streptomycin does not necessarily result in reduction or loss of transformability. The amount of label accumulated by strain Challis was correlated with a loss of viability. In addition, accumulation of label was influenced by the concentration of 14C-streptomycin, the time of exposure, and the type of medium employed.
Freedmen and freedwomen

Upon manumission, a slave became a freedman or freedwoman. Keywords: classical civilization; Greek history; Roman history
Fatigue and fracture analysis of type 316L thin-walled piping for heavy water reactors: Crack growth prediction over 60 years (with and without stratification) and flawed pipe testing

Thermal stresses in piping produce through-wall stress gradients that may influence crack growth in the pipe wall. In heavy water reactors (HWRs), the pressure-induced stress in piping is small due to the low pressure values. For major HWR plant transients, the thermal susses (both wall profile and bending due to axial thermal growth) provide approximately 80% of the nominal pipe stress. Cases of local thermal stratification can provide a significant increase in the pipe stresses and the number of stress cycles applied to the piping. One focus in this paper will be to assess the impact of thermal stresses, in general, and thermal stratification, in particular, on the growth of flaws in a pipe due to fatigue loadings. The study will evaluate both the primary loop piping and the pressurizer surgeline piping. Evaluations of fatigue crack growth will be developed for both base material and weldments. The crack growth analysis for 60-year operation of a HWR plant will be reviewed. This analysis will be provided for the primary loop piping and the pressurizer surgeline piping and will establish the worst-case flaw size predicted from fatigue analysis.by end of life. Full-scale flawed pipe fracture testing has been completed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in an approach to show the improbability of an instantaneous double-ended-guillotine break (DEGB) for HWR primary piping. This testing required a major facility (Pipe Impact Test Facility, PITF) to apply all possible design loads, including an equivalent major earthquake (called the SSE earthquake). The facility was designed and built at ORNL in six months. The test article, a 6.1-m (20-ft) long, 406-mm (16-in.) diameter, Schedule 40, 316 L Type stainless steel pipe was fabricated to exacting standards and inspections following the nuclear industry standard practices. A flaw was machined and fatigued into the pipe at a butt weld as an initial condition. The flaw/crack was sized to be beyond the worst-case flaw that HWR piping could see in 60 years of service-if all leak detection systems and if all crack inspection systems failed to notice the flaw's existence. Since October 1991, the test article was subjected to considerable overloadings. The pipe was impacted 104 times at levels equal to and well beyond the safe-shutdown earthquake (SSE) loadings. In addition, 569 751 fatigue cycles and 20 purposeful static overloads have been applied in order to extend the flaw to establish the data necessary to confirm fracture mechanics theories, and, more importantly, to simply demonstrate that an instantaneous DEGB is highly improbable for a HWR primary system at an operating pressure of 1.72 MPa and temperature of 110°C.
Second-Order Neutron Transport Methods

Among the approaches to obtaining numerical solutions for neutral particle transport problems, those classified as second-order or even-parity methods have found increased use in recent decades. First-order and second-order methods differ in a number of respects. Following discretization of the energy variable, invariably through some form of the multigroup approximation, the time-independent forms of both are differential in the spatial variable and integral in angle. They differ in that the more conventional first-order equation includes only first derivatives in the spatial variables, but requires solution over the entire angular domain. Conversely, the second-order form includes second derivatives but requires solution over one half of the angular domain. The two forms in turn lead to contrasting approaches to reducing the differential–integral equations to sets of linear equations and in the formulation of iterative methods suitable for the numerical solution of large engineering design problems. In what follows, we explore the state of methods used to solve the second-order transport equation, comparing them, where possible, to first-order methods.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in neonates with pneumothorax or atelectasis.

Nine episodes of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion occurred in five newborn infants following atelectasis or pneumothorax. All infants had pre-existing lung disease and were being treated with positive pressure ventilation. The mean interval between acute atelectasis or penumothorax and the development of diagnostic hyponatremia, hypo-osmolal serum, hyperosmolal urine, and oliguria was 13.4 hours. Fluid restriction and removal of the triggering event resulted in resolution of the abnormalities within 1.5 to 4 days. Infants who develop atelectasis or pneumothorax should be evaluated for the subsequent occurrence of SIADH; the administration of a water load to them may result in dilutional hyponatremia, for which fluid restriction, not sodium infusion, is the proper therapy.
"Post-Residency Disease" and the Medical Self: Identity, Work, and Health Care Among Doctors Who Become Patients

Doctors who become patients due to serious illnesses face many challenges related to issues of identity, work, and professionalism. In-depth interviews with such doctors reveal the complex ways in which illness threatens identity in these professionals. In comparison with "medical student's disease," these doctors now exhibit "post-residency disease"—minimizing physical symptoms that are in fact present, lead- ing to decreases in care sought. Doctors often feel they are somehow invulnerable to disease and have to remain strong, not burdening others. Many describe themselves as "workaholics," which can prove to be a double-edged sword, posing problems as well as providing benefits. This professional commitment could interfere with preventive health behaviors and with "practicing what they preach." Some view their illness with their "medical self "—as if they were a physician observing another patient rather than themselves. These doctors often support their approach by choosing a colleague as a doctor who will not challenge them, thereby establishing a "denial system" as opposed to a support system.These doctor-patients confront difficult issues of how much their physicianhood is an identity or an activity, illustrating the intricate relationships and tensions between work, identity, professionalism, and health in contemporary medicine.