cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of a Parent-Report Measure of Child Emotional Awareness and Expression in a Sample of Anxious Youth

Recent conceptualizations of child anxiety disorders have implicated emotion dysregulation in the development, maintenance, and/or exacerbation of these conditions. Assessment of emotion regulation in children often relies upon self-reports, but research suggests a multi-informant approach is optimal in the assessment of youth. The current study evaluates the preliminary psychometric properties of a parent-report adaptation of the Emotion Expression Scale for Children (EESC-P) in a sample of parents (n = 78) seeking treatment for their child’s anxiety disorder (M child age = 11.04, SD = 2.96, 46.8 % female). Findings support the internal consistency and predictive validity of the EESC-P. Parent–child concordance was low-to-moderate within a subset of participants whose children completed the EESC. Scores on the EESC-P did not differ as a function of age or gender. Results preliminarily support the use of the EESC-P as part of a multi-informant assessment of emotional awareness in children with anxiety disorders.
Relationships of Size, Intracellular Location, and Time Required for Secretion of Milk Fat Droplets ~

Abstract Fat droplet development in rat mammary tissue was evaluated morphometrically in electron micrographs of 200 typical lactating cells. Droplets in the extreme basal area of the cells averaged .6 μm in diameter, increased to 1.3 μm in the extreme apical region, and increased further to a totally protruding (but still connected to the cell) size of 3.5 μm. The basal to apical growth was linear with a slope of .09. The expansion in droplet diameter during secretion also was linear (slope 1.06) and involved a 20-fold increase in volume. No droplets were observed coalescing. Massive lipid accumulation in the apical region of the cell is implied both by the growth and numbers of fat droplets in this region. Observation with the light microscope on lactating cells of three other species (rabbit, cow, and cat) also showed substantial volume increases as fat droplets were being secreted, In view of data on the time required to synthesize a milk fat droplet, droplet secretion may be a relatively slow process requiring up to several hours from the time the droplet first contacts the plasmalemma until it is completely clear of the cell.
Correlation method for chemical communication of coal

In spite of many experimental studies of the chemical comminution of coal, there have been only a few reported attempts to correlate experimental data and mathematically model the process. This paper presents a strain energy model based on the thermodynamic analysis. The capillary-imbibition number is proposed as an important parameter for characterization of chemicals used in comminution. The authors discuss the development of a phenomenological model for chemical comminution to study the relative effects of the governing process. Sensitivity studies carried out with this model indicated that the mechanism of chemical transfer into bedding planes and comminution of coal is dominantly a capillary-imbibition-induced flow phenomenon and to a lesser extent a diffusion-controlled process. The authors also tested this hypothesis using experimental data. As reported, the maximum comminution rates for the middle Pennsylvania Cherokee C-bituminous coal with NaOH solutions were within the range of 6-8% caustic concentration. Hence, it is concluded that this contradicts the author's earlier work (1988), which reported that capillary-imbibition number (reciprocal of the surface-tension number) decreases with increasing caustic concentration. This conclusion is misleading because the authors simply present a set of data on capillary-imbibition number vs NaOH concentration, and it alone cannot determine the caustic concentrationmore » for the maximum comminution rate.« less
Unrefined minimal K-types for p -adic groups

via their restriction to compact open subgroups was begun by Mautner, Shalika and Tanaka for groups of type AI. In contrast to real reductive groups where the representation theory of a maximal compact subgroup K is given in terms of slight modifications to Cartan's theory of the highest weight, the representation theory of a (compact) parahoric subgroup ,~ is quite complicated. There is still no comprehensive theory for classifying the irreducible representa- tions. In the case of
The cellular and molecular events of central nervous system remyelination.

Central nervous system (CNS)1 regeneration is a subject of great interest, particularly in diseases causing a dramatic loss of neurons. However, some CNS diseases do not affect neurons but damage other cells, such as the myelin-forming cells — called oligodendrocytes — which are also crucial to the harmonious function of the nervous system. Diseases in which oligodendrocytes and myelin are attacked can cause devastating neurological dysfunction which is sometimes followed by recovery and myelin repair or remyelination. The question of the regeneration potential of oligodendrocytes in experimental and human demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis has been debated for a long time. Present evidence suggests that oligodendrocyte precursor cells persist in the adult CNS and that oligodendrocyte regeneration can occur but may be limited by ongoing disease processes. Here we will briefly review recent advances which have broadened our understanding of the cellular and molecular events of CNS remyelination.
The genetics of primary torsion dystonia

Primary torsion dystonia is an idiopathic movement disorder presumably caused by abnormal function of the basal ganglia. The disorder may be inherited either as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive trait. At least six forms of autosomal dominant torsion dystonia can be distinguished clinically. Linkage analysis in one form of autosomal dominant torsion dystonia permits the assignment of a “torsion dystonia locus” to the long arm of chromosome 9.
Quantitative carotid MR/PET imaging: comprehensive comparison of MRAC and CTAC attenuation maps in MR/PET emission data and PET/CT

Current MR/PET systems employ segmentation of MR images and subsequent assignment of empirical attenuation map values for quantitative PET reconstruction. In this current study we examine the quantitative differences between our carotid artery imaging protocol on both a PET/CT and an MR/PET scanner controlling for acquisition parameters, such as circulation time, and by replacing the system standard MRAC map in the MR/PET emission with the CTAC map from the PET/CT scan1, to directly assess the impact of MRAC methods in the carotid arteries. All scans were performed with 18F-FDG injections. Eleven subjects were scanned on the Philips sequential MR/PET scanner. Seven of the initial eleven subjects were scanned one week after initial MR/PET acquisition using a PET/CT scanner. Four of the eleven subjects that were initially imaged with MR/PET returned one week after their first scan and were imaged again on the MR/PET. Five comparisons were performed to qualitatively and quantitatively compare PET images from MR/PET and PET/CT acquisitions. The five comparisons performed were: MR/PET MRAC map versus MR/PET CTAC, MR/PET CTAC versus PET/CT, MR/PET with MRAC map versus PET/CT, MR/PET map with coil present versus MR/PET MRAC map without coil present, and MR/PET MRAC map fixed scan-2 versus MR/PET MRAC map fixed scan-1. MR/PET emission data reconstructed with both the system standard MRAC map and CTAC map, showed excellent correlation (R2=0.7970, mean difference 0.03±0.18 SUV, p=0.3382) in quantitative comparisons. Comparisons of percent differences in SUV mean and SUV max within all ROIs analyzed for this initial comparison ranged from -2.6% to 7.4%. (-0.03 to 0.10 SUV). The results of this study support the use of MR/PET for quantitative measure of metabolic activity in the carotid arteries.
Facial nerve monitoring in posterior fossa surgery.

long with many other innovations in surgery of the posterior ossa, Dr. Peter Jannetta also refined the technique of facial erve monitoring. In a groundbreaking advance in 1984, Moller nd Jannetta described a modification of the existing monitorng techniques by introducing monopolar stimulation, constant oltage source, continuous monitoring of facial electromyogaphy (EMG), and most importantly, audible signal output from acial EMG (3). In an initial series of 10 patients, they reported o incidence of permanent facial deficit. They also reported alving the surgical time due to the innovations described in he report. The history of neurosurgery is replete with such ncremental refinements. Once, while assisting Dr. Madjid amii in a vestibular schwannoma resection, I watched a irtuoso performance. He knew the exact location of the facial erve and hardly had a use for the facial nerve monitor. But, espite such deep-seated knowledge, Dr. Samii himself used euromonitoring in virtually all cases of posterior fossa tumors 5). The proper use of such techniques led to an excellent or ood facial nerve function in 81% of the cases, with no atients suffering from total facial palsy at 1 year. In his own ords, the goal of surgery for vestibular schwannomas in the urrent day and age is “. . .total removal in one stage and reservation of neurological function. . ..” A statement like hat would not have been possible without advancements in euromonitoring.
New drugs affecting lipid metabolism

The search for an ideal hypolipidemic agent still is underway. A relatively large number of the newer hypolipemic agents are related to ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate—among them are compounds with the trivial names or designations of SU 13,437; Sah 42-348; halofenate, treloxinate, S-8527, and two valeric acid derivatives. Other lipopenic agents, whose modes of action are described, are linoleic acid amides, Colestipol, antidiabetic agents, bis (hydroxyethylthio) 1,10-decane, pyridinol carbamate, and some nicotinic acid derivatives.
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE MECHANICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTY RELATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER IN VITRO GROWTH

The aim of this study was to design in vitro growth protocols that can comprehensively quantify articular cartilage structure-function relations via measurement of mechanical and biochemical properties. Newborn bovine patellofemoral groove articular cartilage explants were tested sequentially in confined compression (CC), unconfined compression (UCC), and torsional shear before (D0, i.e. day zero) and after (D14, i.e. day 14) unstimulated in vitro growth. The contents of collagen (COL), collagen-specific pyridinoline (PYR) crosslinks, glycosaminoglycan, and DNA significantly decreased during in vitro growth; consequently, a wide range of biochemical properties existed for investigating structure-function relations when pooling the D0 and D14 groups. All D0 mechanical properties were independent of compression strain while only Poisson's ratios were dependent on direction (i.e. anisotropic). Select D0 and D14 group mechanical properties were correlated with biochemical measures; including (but not limited to) results that CC/UCC moduli and UCC Poisson's ratios were correlated with COL and PYR. COL network weakening during in vitro growth due to reduced COL and PYR was accompanied by reduced CC/UCC moduli and increased UCC Poisson's ratios.
ANFIS based modeling and inverse control of a thin SMA wire

In this work, we propose an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) based hysteresis modeling and control strategy for a thin Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wire. Controlling the SMA wire is a challenging problem because of its dynamic hysteretic behavior. By using a hybrid learning procedure ANFIS architectures are powerful tools for many applications, such as identifying nonlinear parameters in a controlled system, predicting chaotic time series and modeling nonlinear functions. We tested our ANFIS model by making it predict major and minor hysteresis loops in different driving frequencies and compared them with the experimental data. To compensate the hysteretic effect, we used an inverse ANFIS model and used it directly as a controller. After dramatically reducing the hysteretic effect, we implemented a PI control to fine tune the response.
Levels of processing in disruptive effects of prior information.

Under certain conditions, advance information about possible letter alternatives may depress recognition of single tachistoscopically presented letters followed by a pattern mask. Neill and Walling (1981) found that this “before-disruption effect” occurred specifically when alternatives were featurally similar. In contrast, Experiment 1 of the present study found that precuing facilitated identification of unfamiliar stimuli composed of letterlike features, particularly when alternatives differed in only one critical feature. Contrary to Smith, Haviland, Reder, Brownell, and Adams (1976), composition of letterlike features is therefore not sufficient to produce the before-disruption effect. The before-disruption effect appears to occur when there is opportunity to represent the stimulus at a deeper (i.e., name) level, but foreknowledge of a critical distinguishing feature biases processing instead toward the level of physical features. Congruent with this analysis, Experiment 2 found the before-disruption effect for letters to be attenuated when targets were unpredictably upper- and lowercase, necessitating name-level matching to the alternatives. Experiment 3 found the superior identification of unprecued letters to be paradoxically associated with inferior target detection, as indicated by concurrent presence/absence judgments. In addition, identification of unprecued letters, but not precued letters, was significantly above chance on trials in which overt target detection failed to occur. The results are consistent with recent suggestions that pattern masking does not terminate perceptual processing, but rather interferes with conscious awareness of completed visual analysis.
Searching for Water Earths in the Near-infrared

Over 500 extrasolar planets (exoplanets) have now been discovered, but only a handful are small enough that they might be rocky terrestrial planets like Venus, Earth, and Mars. Recently, it has been proposed that observations of variability in scattered light (both polarized and total flux) from such terrestrial-sized exoplanets could be used to determine if they possess large surface oceans, an important indicator of potential habitability. Observing such oceans at visible wavelengths would be difficult, however, in part because of obscuration by atmospheric scattering. Here, we investigate whether observations performed in the near-infrared (NIR), where Rayleigh scattering is reduced, could improve the detectability of exoplanet oceans. We model two wavebands of the NIR which are 'window regions' for an Earth-like atmosphere: 1.55-1.75 {mu}m and 2.1-2.3 {mu}m. Our model confirms that obscuration in these bands from Rayleigh scattering is very low, but aerosols are generally the limiting factor throughout the wavelength range for Earth-like atmospheres. As a result, observations at NIR wavelengths are significantly better at detecting oceans than those at visible wavelengths only when aerosols are very thin by Earth standards. Clouds further dilute the ocean reflection signature. Hence, other techniques, e.g., time-resolved color photometry, may be more effective inmore » the search for liquid water on exoplanet surfaces. Observing an exo-Earth at NIR wavelengths does open the possibility of detecting water vapor or other absorbers in the atmosphere, by comparing scattered light in window regions to that in absorption bands.« less
PCR validation testing utilizing a novel dynamic measurement system

When PCR validation is done correctly it provides measurements which can allow for the assessment of accuracy and uniformity of the PCR block. Not only does it provide useful information pertinent to the end product, it is a necessity for accreditation. Most methods employ static temperature collection with a single probe. Generally, single probe systems allow for an average of 90sec to achieve the target temperature. This does not allow for an acquisition of temperature as it would occur during normal cycling parameters. Most single probe systems only allow for collection of data at pre-defined points of 95oC/40oC. Our laboratory set out to find a temperature acquisition system which would provide temperatures in a dynamic environment. System criteria should include multi-probe head, ease of use, reproducibility of data, ability to follow data trends and rapid data collection. The Driftcon® system was utilized for purposes of this study. Data was collected from 18 PE thermocyclers using a standard run protocol which targeted temperatures 30oC/95oC/90oC/50oC/70oC/60oC. Average run time for this protocol was 20 minutes. Reports are automatically generated by the system which include results on accuracy and spread (uniformity). All results are compared with a global market database which allows for more accurate assessment of market specifications. 8/18 demonstrated accuracy problems at one of the achieved target temperatures. 6/18 demonstrated accuracy problems at a target temperature not tested by a single probe system. The conclusion of this study was that the Driftcon® system yielded information which can help determine the efficacy of a thermocycler beyond data which is collected from a single probe system, thus enhancing the performance of the instrumentation.
Joint pain and swelling : Could it be lyme arthritis ?

This report presents two probable cases of Lyme arthritis LMHMJ triggered by athletic activity or trauma. One patient had ankle swelling after he began a jogging program, and a second had knee swelling that followed a twisting injury. The report describes the three stages of the illness and presents diagnostic lab tests and the therapies used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the synovial fluid can be useful in diagnosing active Lyme arthritis, but it may yield a false-negative result when there has been recent remission of the arthritis.
Immune recognition of human major histocompatibility antigens: localization by a comprehensive synthetic strategy of the continuous antigenic sites in the first domain of HLA‐DR2 β chain

A comprehensive synthetic approach, previously developed in this laboratory, has been applied to screen the entire first domain (residues 1-95) of the HLA-DR2 beta chain for the full profile of continuous regions that are recognized by human allo-antisera and anti-DR or anti-beta chain antisera raised in other species. Nine consecutive peptides, that were 15 residues each and overlapped by 5 residues, covering the first domain of the DR2 beta chain were synthesized, purified and characterized. The antibody-binding activities of the peptides were determined by radioimmunosorbent titrations. This established the full profile of peptides having specific antibody-binding activity with these various antisera. Three continuous antigenic sites were localized in this domain by all of antisera tested. Peptide 81-95 appeared to be the most immunodominant (i.e. bound the highest amounts of antibodies) in most antisera tested. Although their immunodominance varied with the antisera and boundary shifts were present, the submolecular regions recognized on the first domain of DR2 beta appeared to be similar with antisera against the DR2 (alpha beta I) complex or against the isolated beta chain. Furthermore, recognition was independent of the host species from which the antisera were obtained.
UPTAKE OF LIPIDS BY DEVELOPING OOCYTES OF THE HAWKMOTH MANDUCA SEXTA. THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE

Abstract A plasma membrane preparation of Manduca sexta ovarian follicles was shown to contain lipoprotein lipase activity that hydrolyzes the diacylglycerol moiety of the hemolymph lipoprotein, lipophorin. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that low density lipophorin (LDLp) is a better substrate for the identified lipase activity than high density lipophorin (HDLp). The activity has a pH optimum of 9–9.5 and is partially inhibited by NaCl concentrations higher than 0.5 M. Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) inhibits the membrane bound lipoprotein lipase activity completely and irreversibly. Incubation of follicle plasma membranes with [ 3 H]-DFP radiolabels a 100-kDa membrane protein that may represent the lipoprotein lipase. The present results suggest that lipoprotein lipase activity may play an important role in the uptake of lipids by M. sexta oocytes.
Sowing date, shade, and irrigation affect big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King)

Abstract Swietenia macrophylla King (big-leaf mahogany) is one of the most economically important tree species that grows in the Yucatan peninsula. While it is well known that exposure to high levels of light and low levels of competition are necessary for big-leaf mahogany establishment, conditions favoring germination have been little studied. The effect of sowing date, shade, and irrigation on germination were investigated in a nursery in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Three levels of shade (0, 63, and 80%) and two levels of irrigation (non-irrigated and irrigated 20 mm per week) were used. In addition, seed were sown on four different dates, spanning the dry season to the middle of the rainy season. Germination increased linearly with increasing shade. Irrigated seed had significantly higher germination than non-irrigated seed across all three levels of shade. Seed sown in April germinated 10 weeks after sowing, and seed sown in May and June germinated 4–5 weeks after sowing. Most seed sown in August did not germinate. Although shade does not favor establishment and growth, it may contribute to maintaining soil moisture and seed viability during germination of big-leaf mahogany.
Axial structure development in ultraviolet-irradiated (notochord-defective) amphibian embryos.

Abstract Fertile Xenopus eggs were irradiated with low doses of ultraviolet irradiation (254 nm) and permitted to develop through neural morphogenesis. They were then examined with the scanning electron microscope. The effects of irradiation on the development of the notochord, neural tube, and somites were observed. Embryos which displayed defects in notochord structure frequently exhibited normal development of both neural tube and somites. Those embryos were examined in detail. The apparent normal character of axial structures in “notochord-defective” embryos prompted a discussion of the role of the notochord in normal axial structure morphogenesis.
A theoretical comparison among model‐based and correlation‐based redatuming methods

Model-based redatuming and correlation-based redatuming methods are theoretically compared to one another. A correlation-based redatuming method uses natural phase information in the data to time shift the weighted traces so that they appear to be generated by sources (or recorded by geophones) shifted in location. In this paper, we show that all of the redatuming methods are based on a common formula. From this formula, we can assess the relative weaknesses and strengths of each method.
Recruiting fathers to parenting programs: Advice from dads and fatherhood program providers

The benefits of high-quality father-child relationships for fathers and children alike are well documented. While evidence suggests parenting programs can improve the quality of father-child relationships, few fathers participate in such programs. This qualitative study aims to fill the gap in knowledge on best practices for recruiting urban African American fathers, a group of fathers with unique parenting challenges, to parenting programs. Focus groups were conducted with 29 fathers to gain their perspectives on recruitment strategies. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with a nationwide sample of 19 fatherhood program providers to learn about their most successful recruitment strategies. Recruitment strategies based on emergent themes from the focus groups and interviews are presented here. Themes included using word-of-mouth recruitment, increasing advertising, targeting advertising specifically to urban African American fathers, providing transportation and incentives, recruiting through the courts, collaborating with other community agencies, and offering parenting programming along with other programming valued by fathers such as employment assistance. Implications for developing strategies for recruiting urban African American fathers to parenting programs are discussed.
Two-dimensional separations of peptides and proteins by comprehensive liquid chromatography-capillary electrophoresis

Analysis of biological samples is problematic because of their complex composition. Reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and, more recently, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are routinely used for the analysis of these samples, but are eventually limited because they are one-dimensional (1-D) methods. As sample complexity increases, the separation efficiency necessary to resolve a large number of sample components in one dimension becomes prohibitively high. A solution to this problem has been to use a two-dimensional (2-D) approach. Each dimension in a 2-D separation relies on a different separating mechanism. By expanding the separation into two dimensions, sample components unresolved in the first dimension can often be separated in the second. This circumvents the requirement for extremely high efficiencies in either dimension. Two-dimensional slab gel electrophoresis has been used successfully in this area, but a more instrumental approach is desired. In this paper we describe three coupled-column approaches to 2-D separations. First, microcolumn SEC-CZE is explored as a means of 2-D protein analysis. Next, RPLC-CZE is investigated for analysis of peptides in tryptic maps. Finally, RPLC is coupled with fast CZE (FCZE), a unique form of CZE analysis, for fast 2-D analysis of peptides. Details of the instrumentation used in these 2-D systems will be presented along with the results of some typical 2-D analyses.
Preparing Future Bilingual Special Educators: The Lessons We've Learned:

The purpose of this paper is twofold. We describe the goals and curricular content of a teacher education program designed to prepare individuals to teach limited English proficient children with disabilities. As part of this description, we include a discussion of graduates' feedback regarding program strengths and weaknesses. Next, based on this feedback and our experiences as teacher educators in the program, we present critical features of a bilingual special education teacher preparation program. These features emphasize providing social and emotional support to teacher candidates, teaching them how to create culturally responsive classrooms, challenging students to re-think their beliefs about teaching and learning, expanding the notion of collaboration to include community services, and supporting graduates while they attempt to effect change in their classrooms and schools.
Benzodiazepine effects on flicker sensitivity: Role of stimulus frequency and size

Abstract Maddock Richard J., Evanne J. Casson, Lori A. Lott, Cameron S. Carter, and Chris A. Johnson: Benzodiazepine effects on flicker sensitivity: Role of stimulus frequency and size. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1993, 17(6): 955–970. 1. 1. Benzodiazepines (BZDs) impair sensitivity to temporally modulated visual stimuli (flicker). Critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF) is commonly used as a measure of this effect, but it only measures sensitivity to a narrow range of frequencies, usually above 25 Hz. Are other frequencies more sensitive to the effects of BZDs? 2. 2. Flicker sensitivity at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 Hz was measured for 1° and 5° stimuli before and 50 to 100 minutes after triazolam (0.25 mg), lorazepam (1.0 mg) and placebo. Drug effects on CFF were also measured. 3. 3. Both BZDs significantly impaired overall flicker sensitivity. Triazolam produced 50% more impairment than lorazepam. CFF was significantly impaired by triazolam. BZD effects did not vary with stimulus size. 4. 4. Significantly greater BZD-induced impairment of flicker sensitivity occurred at 16 Hz than at 1, 2, 4, or 32 Hz. 5. 5. The magnitude of BZD effects on flicker sensitivity vary with the temporal frequency of the stimulus. BZD effects are greatest for 8–16 Hz stimuli.
Prospective, randomized study of conventional versus HybridKnife endoscopic submucosal dissection methods for the esophagus: an animal study.

Background Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) increases en bloc and histologically complete resection rate of neoplastic mucosal tumors but is technically more demanding than EMR. Limited data are available comparing the efficacy and safety of a new ESD designed to overcome these limitations and conventional ESD (C-ESD) techniques. Objective To compare the safety, efficacy, and operation time of the new HybridKnife ESD (HK-ESD) with C-ESD in the esophagus. Design Prospective, randomized, controlled study. Setting Animal research laboratory. Subjects Seventeen anesthetized Yorkshire pigs. Interventions Removal of a 4-cm length of half-circumference esophageal mucosa by C-ESD with Hook knife or Flexknife versus HK-ESD. Main Outcome Measurements Procedure time, en bloc and complete resection rate, and complications (bleeding and perforation). Results All resections were completed en bloc. Procedure time was shorter in C-ESD. However, it was similar after 12 procedures. Significantly more bleeding occurred during C-ESD (28 vs 12, P = .0007). Histological muscularis propria injuries occurred with equal frequency (16 vs 17) and were mostly seen during the first 11 procedures. There were 3 perforations (2 endoscopic, 1 histological), all with C-ESD. Limitations Nonsurvival study, use of 2 conventional knives, no training period for a new procedure. Conclusions The HK-ESD technique was equally effective as the C-ESD technique for successful en bloc resection and was safer with less bleeding and perforation. Although procedure time was longer in HK-ESD, the difference became nonsignificant after 12 procedures.
Quenched Approximation to ΔS = 1 K Decay☆

The importance of explicit quark loops in the amplitudes contributing to ΔS = 1, K meson decays raises potential ambiguities when these amplitudes are evaluated in the quenched approximation. Using the factorization of these amplitudes into short- and long-distance parts provided by the standard low-energy effective weak Hamiltonian, we argue that the quenched approximation can be conventionally justified if it is applied to the long-distance portion of each amplitude. The result is a reasonably well-motived definition of the quenched approximation that is close to that employed in the RBC and CP-PACS calculations of these quantities.
Action of phencyclidine on synaptic transmission in the hippocampus.

Abstract A neurophysiological investigation of the effects of phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine on synaptic transmission was carried out at the level of two excitatory connections of the hippocampal formation: the interhippocampal projections from contralateral CA3 (cCA3) to CA1 and the entorhino-dentate pathway. In urethane-anesthetized rats PCP i.v. produced a moderate depression of the population EPSP elicited in the stratum radiatum of CA1 by cCA3 stimulations (16–40%) and a large decrease (up to 97%) of the amplitude of the corresponding population spike recorded at the level of the CA1 pyramidal cell bodies (ED50:1.83 mg/kg). Single-unit analysis of CA1 pyramidal cell activation triggered by cCA3 stimulations indicated that i.v. PCP did not decrease the amplitude of individual action potentials suggesting that the decrease in the size of the population spike was due to a decrease in the number of CA1 pyramidal cells activated by the stimulus. Moreover, PCP administered i.v. in the same dose range (0.6-4.0 mg/kg) reduced the maintained activity of CA1 pyramidal cells and their excitation by iontophoretically applied glutamate or ACh. Similar effects on both field potentials and single-unit activity in the CA1 area were also observed following the administration of larger i.v. doses of ketamine (ED50: 7.2 mg/kg), but the effects of the latter drug were of considerably shorter duration than those of PCP.
The adsorption structure of 2,5-dihydrothiophene on Mo(110)−(4 × 1)−S: ring orientation as determined by NEXAFS

Abstract Near edge X-ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) data have been used to determine the orientation of 2,5-dihydrothiophene on Mo110)−(4 × 1)−S at saturation coverage (θ ∼ 0.3). The CCCC plane is nearly perpendicular to the surface, tilting ∼ 9° away from surface normal based on an analysis of the polarization dependence of the C (1 s ) → π ∗ resonance intensity Furthermore, the π ∗ resonance is very sharp indicating that the CC bond does not interact significantly with the molybdenum surface. The NEXAFS data corroborate earlier conclusions regarding the ring orientation and lack of π bonding with the surface derived from high resolution electron energy loss data.
Diagnostic and operative transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy for infertility and pelvic pain.

Abstract Study Objective To review our experience with diagnostic and operative transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL), a procedure that is less invasive than operative laparoscopy Design Prospective, observational cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2) Setting Private institute and university-affiliated hospital. Patients Twenty-nine women with infertility and 11 with pelvic pain. Interventions Diagnostic and operative THL. Measurements and Main Results Thirty-five (88%) diagnostic THLs were performed in the office and the other five were done in hospital for insurance reasons; all six operative THLs were performed in the office under conscious sedation. The procedure was conclusive (all organs seen) in 37 patients (93%). Based on THL, no further surgical intervention was recommended in 18 (62%) infertile women and 5 (45%) of those with pain. Further surgical intervention was required in 5 (56%) of 9 infertility patients with a previous normal hysterosalpingogram (HSG) and 6 (32%) of 19 infertility patients with no previous HSG. Conclusion Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy can be performed in the office with minimal pain, with a conclusive examination anticipated in 93% of cases. The procedure is more accurate than HSG and similar to laparoscopy.
Treatment of overweight by aversion therapy.

This study describes an aversive conditioning experiment in which favorite foods (CS) were paired with noxious odors (UCS) to help overweight Ss achieve and maintain a weight loss. After the nine-week conditioning period, a. significant (obtained p = 0.002, significant at p<0.05) average weight loss for the six experimental Ss of 13.33 lbs, compared with an average weight loss of 1.00 lb for the six control Ss was reported. After 48 weeks, the experimental Ss had an average weight loss of 9.17 lbs, while the control group had a weight gain of 1.33 lbs (not significant). The contribution of the aversive conditioning to both the initial weight loss and to the maintenance of the weight loss is discussed.
Antecedents of intergroup anxiety in Asian-Americans and Hispanic-Americans

Abstract A model is presented in which prior intergroup relations and prior individual cognitions are hypothesized to determine the amount of anxiety experienced in intergroup interactions. These hypotheses were tested with Asian-Americans and Hispanics. It was found that Asian-Americans expressed more anxiety about interacting with Caucasians than did Hispanics. They also reported more negative attitudes toward Caucasians, less positive relations, and fewer positive contacts with Caucasians than did Hispanics. Low levels of contact were associated with high levels of intergroup anxiety in both groups. For Asian-Americans, negative relations with Caucasians and high ethnocentrism were also associated with high levels of intergroup anxiety. For Hispanics, low relative status and stereotyping were associated with high levels of intergroup anxiety.
In-Plane structure and properties of Fe multilayers

The structural properties of Fe multilayers are being studied by three techniques—standard reflection X-ray diffraction, transmission electron diffraction (TED), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The patterns of structural behavior are presently for two prototypical systems: Fe/Si, which is a simple multilayer, and Fe/V, which is a superlattice. Structural data for the Fe/Si system are complemented with results of a Mossbauer study.
Excision of Thymine Dimers and Other Mismatched Sequences by DNA Polymerase of Escherichia coli

A nuclease function of DNA polymerase excises mismatched regions of DNA. Exercise of its multiple functions in vivo might enable this enzyme to participate in the excision and repair of DNA lesions, as well as in replication of DNA.
Introducing Interior-Point Methods for Introductory Operations Research Courses and/or Linear Programming Courses

In recent years the introduction and development of Interior-Point Methods has had a profound impact on optimization theory as well as practice, influencing the field of Operations Research and related areas. Development of these methods has quickly led to the design of new and efficient optimization codes particularly for Linear Programming. Consequently, there has been an increasing need to introduce theory and methods of this new area in optimization into the appropriate undergraduate and first year graduate courses such as introductory Operations Research and/or Linear Programming courses, Industrial Engineering courses and Math Modeling courses. The objective of this paper is to discuss the ways of simplifying the introduction of Interior-Point Methods for students who have various backgrounds or who are not necessarily mathematics majors.
A translog demand model for inherited traits in aquacultured catfish

Abstract Manipulation of physical traits of catfish body form has the potential to change the relative quantities of different final product forms. Some of these forms will have higher value to consumers, resulting in higher profits for producers. Advances in genetic research will allow more effective manipulation of physical traits of aquacultured catfish in orderto increase relative quantities of desirable product forms. To identify which product forms hold the most potential value to consumers, we use the indirect Translog demand system to estimate welfare effects from substitution among various forms of fresh catfish.
Synthesis of soluble polyimides and functionalized imide oligomers via solution imidization of aromatic diester-diacids and aromatic diamines

Abstract The solution polymerization of aromatic diester-diacid monomers with aromatic diamines was investigated as an alternative to the more conventional ‘two-step’ dianhydride-diamine route. This method has been successfully applied to a variety of soluble polyimide systems and has proven to be a suitable route for the synthesis of controlled- or uncontrolled- (high-) molecular-weight, soluble polyimides, which exhibit high extents of imidization, M w M n values of 1.9–2.0 and glass transition temperatures that are in agreement with those measured for polyimides prepared by the conventional synthesis. Acetylene-functionalized imide oligomers have also been synthesized via ester-acids. Model studies indicate that polymerization is preceded by regeneration of dianhydride from the diester-diacids.
Responding to sexual harassment complaints: Effects of a dissolved workplace romance on decision-making standards ☆

Abstract We introduce and provide support for an ethical decision-making framework as an explanation for the social–cognitive process through which observers make decisions about a sexual harassment complaint that stems from a prior workplace romance. We conducted two experiments to examine effects of features of a dissolved hierarchical workplace romance and subsequent harassing behavior on raters' responses to a sexual harassment complaint. In Experiment 1, results based on a sample of 217 employees indicate that their attributions of responsibility for the harassment mediated the link between their knowledge of features of the romance and three recommended personnel actions. In Experiment 2, results based on a sample of 258 members of the Society for Human Resource Management indicate that their degree of recognition of the accused's social–sexual behavior as immoral mediated the link between their knowledge of features of the romance and harassment and their attributions of responsibility. Raters' attributions of responsibility, in turn, predicted three recommended personnel actions. We discuss theoretical and practical implications from an ethical decision-making perspective.
Photosensitive dopants for liquid argon

Abstract Two photosensitive dopants for liquid argon are discussed. Trimethylamine is shown to be efficient for converting the excitons into collected charge, as well as approximately 40% of the recombination photons. A greater improvement in energy resolution, for 5.5 MeV alphas, is measured, which is greater than can be accounted for by the increase in charge collected. Possible applications are also discussed.
Positive aspects of caregiving: More than looking on the bright side

Positive aspects of caregiving have secured an increasing place in the research literature and clinical applications. Though much of the focus remains on stressors, their consequences, and their ma...
Homogeneous chicken heart mitochondrial creatine kinase purified by dye-ligand and transition-state analog-affinity chromatography.

A method for the preparation of homogeneous mitochondrial creatine kinase from chicken heart is presented. The two-column procedure, which can be completed in 2 days, uses Procion red dye and transition-state analog-affinity chromatography. The transition-state analog-affinity chromatographic system utilizes an ADP-hexane-agarose column in conjunction with the transition-state analog complex originally developed by E. J. Milner-White and D. C. Watts (1971, Biochem. J.122, 727–740) composed of KNO3, MgCl2, creatine, and ADP. The enzyme is a dimer composed of 2 Mr 43,000 subunits. The sequence of the first N-terminal 20 amino acids shows that the enzyme is different from the cytosolic isozymes but similar to human mitochondrial creatine kinase. The enzyme has an extinction coefficient of ϵ280 nm = 2.22 ± 0.10 ml·mg−1·cm−1 and a maximum velocity of 200 IU/ml at pH 7.0. The kinetic constants for the chicken heart mitochondrial isozyme are comparable to values for the canine and human heart isozyme.
Myocardial Viability in Chronic Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Similarities and Discordance of Different Diagnostic Approaches

The presence of myocardial viability in patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy has significant predictive value for improvement of left ventricular function after revascularization. Myocardial viability also predicts improved survival for patients undergoing coronary revascularization as opposed to medical therapy. Evaluation of viability can be pursued by different imaging techniques. Dobutamine stress echocardiography [or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] evaluates contractile reserve, while nuclear tests and late contrast-enhancement MRI evaluate cellular and tissue integrity. The different targets of these tests are frequently reflected into discordant results of viability evaluation. We review the different techniques available and describe their concordance from a mechanistic perspective.
Use of genetic algorithms for neural networks to predict community-acquired pneumonia

Background: Genetic algorithms have been used to solve optimization problems for artificial neural networks (ANN) in several domains. We used genetic algorithms to search for optimal hidden-layer architectures, connectivity, and training parameters for ANN for predicting community-acquired pneumonia among patients with respiratory complaints. Methods: Feed-forward back-propagation ANN were trained on sociodemographic, symptom, sign, comorbidity, and radiographic outcome data among 1044 patients from the University of Illinois (the training cohort), and were applied to 116 patients from the University of Nebraska (the testing cohort). Binary chromosomes with genes representing network attributes, including the number of nodes in the hidden layers, learning rate and momentum parameters, and the presence or absence of implicit within-layer connectivity using a competition algorithm, were operated on by various combinations of crossover, mutation, and probabilistic selection based on network mean-square error (MSE), and separately on average cross entropy (ENT). Predictive accuracy was measured as the area under a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Over 50 generations, the baseline genetic algorithm evolved an optimized ANN with nine nodes in the first hidden layer, zero nodes in the second hidden layer, learning rate and momentum parameters of 0.5, and no within-layer competition connectivity. This ANN had an ROC area in the training cohort of 0.872 and in the testing cohort of 0.934 (P-value for difference, 0.181). Algorithms based on cross-generational selection, Gray coding of genes prior to mutation, and crossover recombination at different genetic levels, evolved optimized ANN identical to the baseline genetic strategy. Algorithms based on other strategies, including elite selection within generations (training ROC area 0.819), and inversions of genetic material during recombination (training ROC area 0.812), evolved less accurate ANN. Conclusion: ANN optimized by genetic algorithms accurately discriminated pneumonia within a training cohort, and within a testing cohort consisting of cases on which the networks had not been trained. Genetic algorithms can be used to implement efficient search strategies for optimal ANN to predict pneumonia.
Dirt: The Erosion of Civilization

David R. Montgomery. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 2007. 295 pp. Softcover, $16.95. ISBN 9780520258068. David R. Montgomery has written a fine book on the mistreatment of the soil throughout the course of civilization that has resulted in extensive and severe erosion. The coverage