cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recreational fishing depredation and associated behaviors involving common bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) in Sarasota Bay, Florida

Odontocete depredation involves stealing or damaging bait or prey already captured by fishing gear. The increase in depredation is of concern for small stocks of cetaceans because interactions with fishing gear can lead to serious injury or mortality through entanglement or ingestion. Using long-term data sets available for the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) community in Sarasota Bay, Florida, we investigated recreational fishing gear interactions by (1) examining temporal patterns in depredation and associated behaviors from 2000 to 2007; (2) quantifying the behavior of dolphins that depredate or engage in associated behaviors; and (3) identifying factors associated with the rise in depredation locally. The number of incidents of dolphins (primarily adult males) interacting with recreational anglers and boaters increased following 2004. Depredation and associated behaviors increased during red tide lags and tourist seasons during times of prey depletion and heightened angler and boater activity. Dolphins with a history of fishing gear interactions shifted away from natural activity patterns and were more likely to be within 50 m of fishing lines. Recreational fishing gear interactions were attributed to a two percent population decline in Sarasota Bay in 2006 and need to be considered along with other cumulative human impacts in the development of conservation measures for dolphins.
Evaluation of the 29-Km Eta Model, Part 1: Objective Verification at Three Selected Stations

This paper describes an objective verification of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction 29-km Eta Model from May 1996 through January 1998. The evaluation was designed to assess the model’s surface and upper-air point forecast accuracy at three selected locations during separate warm (May‐August) and cool (October‐January) season periods. In order to enhance sample sizes available for statistical calculations, the objective verification includes two consecutive warm and cool season periods. The statistical evaluation identified model biases that result from inadequate parameterization of physical processes. However, since the model biases are relatively small compared to the random error component, most of the total model error results from day-to-day variability in the forecasts and/or observations. To some extent, these nonsystematic errors reflect the variability in point observations that sample spatial and temporal scales of atmospheric phenomena that cannot be resolved by the model. On average, Meso Eta point forecasts provide useful guidance for predicting the evolution of the larger-scale environment. A more substantial challenge facing model users in real time is the discrimination of nonsystematic errors that tend to inflate the total forecast error. It is important that users maintain awareness of ongoing model updates because they modify the basic error characteristics, particularly near the surface. While some of the changes in error were expected, others were not consistent with the intent of the model updates and further emphasize the need for ongoing sensitivity studies and localized statistical verification efforts. Objective verification of point forecasts is a stringent measure of model performance, but when used alone, is not enough to quantify the overall value that model guidance may add to the forecast process. Therefore, results from a subjective verification of the Meso Eta Model over the Florida peninsula are discussed in the companion paper by Manobianco and Nutter.
CD4+ T-cell responses are required for clearance of West Nile virus from the central nervous system.

Although studies have established that innate and adaptive immune responses are important in controlling West Nile virus (WNV) infection, the function of CD4 + T lymphocytes in modulating viral pathogenesis is less well characterized. Using a mouse model, we examined the role of CD4 + T cells in coordinating protection against WNV infection. A genetic or acquired deficiency of CD4 + T cells resulted in a protracted WNV infection in the central nervous system (CNS) that culminated in uniform lethality by 50 days after infection. Mice surviving past day 10 had high-level persistent WNV infection in the CNS compared to wild-type mice, even 45 days following infection. The absence of CD4 + T-cell help did not affect the kinetics of WNV infection in the spleen and serum, suggesting a role for CD4-independent clearance mechanisms in peripheral tissues. WNV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were similar to those of wild-type mice in CD4-deficient mice early during infection but dropped ∼20-fold at day 15 postinfection, whereas IgG levels in CD4-deficient mice were ∼100- to 1,000-fold lower than in wild-type mice throughout the course of infection. WNV-specific CD8 + T-cell activation and trafficking to the CNS were unaffected by the absence of CD4 + T cells at day 9 postinfection but were markedly compromised at day 15. Our experiments suggest that the dominant protective role of CD4 + T cells during primary WNV infection is to provide help for antibody responses and sustain WNV-specific CD8 + T-cell responses in the CNS that enable viral clearance.
Attitudes and practices of healthcare providers regarding gestational diabetes: results of a survey conducted at the 2010 meeting of the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG).

Diabet. Med. 28, 976–986 (2011) Abstract Objective To investigate the attitudes and practices of healthcare providers regarding gestational diabetes mellitus and to identify differences between provider types and geographical locations. Research design and methods A survey was distributed to participants at the 2010 GDM Pasadena II: International Conference regarding management of gestational diabetes. Results Of 250 distributed surveys, there was a 60.8% (n = 152) response rate. Most responders believed it was cost beneficial to treat and screen for gestational diabetes. Approximately 2/3 accepted that the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes could be made in pregnancy. For the diagnosis of gestational diabetes, c. 60% opted for a one-step screen while 30% opted for a two-step screen. Most responders were comfortable treating a non-pregnant woman with Type 2 diabetes. Ninety per cent of responders initiated antenatal testing at 32–34 weeks for medication-treated gestational diabetes, with a wider variation for diet-treated gestational diabetes. Obstetricians were less comfortable than other providers in treating a non-pregnant woman with Type 2 diabetes, but were more likely to prescribe glyburide. Providers in the USA, compared with those from other countries, were more likely to perform a Caesarean section based on fetal weight, use glibenclamide (glyburide), initiate exercise post-delivery and less likely to check 2-h postprandial glucose levels. At least 80% of responders routinely screened for Type 2 diabetes at 6–12 weeks post-delivery. Conclusion There are differences internationally and by provider types in attitudes and management regarding gestational diabetes. These findings may be useful in developing strategies for implementing the recent guidelines by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups.
Effects of nucleic acids and polyanions on dimer formation and DNA binding by bZIP and bHLHZip transcription factors

A large fraction of known transcription factors form 2:1 complexes with DNA. In our studies of the assembly of such ternary (protein-protein-DNA) complexes formed by bZIP and bHLHZip proteins, we found that the proteins recognize DNA as monomers. Here we show that protein monomer-DNA complexes are favored at high DNA concentrations. Further, we show that, due to fast rates of association with protein monomers, DNA and other polyanions accelerate the rate of protein dimer formation. Finally, we find that DNA-assisted formation of protein dimers provides a mechanism by which dimeric transcription factors can rapidly discriminate between specific and nonspecific sites.
5-HT2A receptor-mediated regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in the hippocampus and the neocortex.

The influence of 5-HT receptor agonists on the expression of BDNF in brain was determined. Administration of a hallucinogenic 5-HT2A /2C receptor agonist, but not a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, resulted in a significant but differential regulation of BDNF mRNA levels in hippocampus and neocortex. In the hippocampus, the 5-HT2A /2C receptor agonist significantly decreased BDNF mRNA expression in the dentate gyrus granule cell layer but did not influence expression of the neurotrophin in the CA subfields. In parietal cortex and other neocortical areas, but not piriform cortex, the 5-HT2A /2C receptor agonist dramatically increased the expression of BDNF mRNA. The effect of the 5-HT2A /2Creceptor agonist on BDNF mRNA in both the hippocampus and the neocortex was blocked by pretreatment with a selective 5-HT2A, but not 5-HT2C, receptor antagonist. The expression of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus is reported to be decreased by stress, raising the possibility that the 5-HT2A receptor mediates this effect. Pretreatment with ketanserin, a 5-HT2A /2Creceptor antagonist, significantly blocked the stress-induced downregulation of BDNF mRNA in hippocampus, in support of this hypothesis. The results of this study raise the possibility that regulation of BDNF expression by hallucinogenic 5-HT2Areceptor agonists leads to adaptations of synaptic strength in the hippocampus and the neocortex that may mediate some of the acute and long-term behavioral effects of these agents.
NELL-1 expression in tumors of cartilage

Background/Aims NELL-1 is a novel osteochondral differentiation factor protein with increasing usage in tissue engineering. Previously, we reported the expression patterns of NELL-1 in bone-forming skeletal tumors. With increasing interest in the use of NELL-1 protein, we sought to examine the expression of NELL-1 in cartilage-forming tumors.
The Role of Chemo-orientation in Search Behavior

Chemo-orientation is a diverse topic, intersecting the disciplines of fluid dynamics, chemistry, physiology, cell biology, genetics, behavior, ecology, and evolution. Chemo-orientation is important for such diverse life processes as sperm orientation in fertilization, white blood cell orientation preceding phagocytosis in the autoimmune response, and locating resources such as food, mates, and oviposition sites. In this chapter, with a few exceptions, we limit the discussion to chemo-orientation processes involved in mate finding by insects. Not all insect mate-finding strategies require chemo-orientation processes, of course, and even in those instances where chemo-orientation is involved, insects often employ other sensory modalities (sequentially or contemporaneously) when locating mates.
Optimal mechanisms for robust coordination in congestion games

Uninfluenced social systems often exhibit suboptimal performance; a common mitigation technique is to charge agents specially-designed taxes, influencing the agents' choices and thereby bringing aggregate social behavior closer to optimal. In general, the efficiency guaranteed by a particular taxation methodology is limited by the quality of information available to the tax-designer. If the tax-designer possesses a perfect characterization of the system, it is often straightforward to design taxes which perfectly optimize the behavior of the agent population. In this paper, we investigate situations in which the tax-designer lacks such a perfect characterization and must design taxes that are robust to a variety of model imperfections. Specifically, we study the application of taxes to a network-routing game, and we assume that the tax-designer knows neither the network topology nor the tax-sensitivities and demands of the agents. Nonetheless, we show that it is possible to design taxes that guarantee that network flows are arbitrarily close to optimal flows, despite the fact that agents' tax-sensitivities are unknown to us. We term these taxes “universal,” since they enforce optimal behavior in any routing game without a priori knowledge of the specific game parameters. In general, these taxes may be very high; accordingly, for affine-cost parallel-network routing games, we explicitly derive the optimal bounded tolls and the best-possible efficiency guarantee as a function of a toll upper-bound.
Photocurrent generation from surface assembled photosystem I on alkanethiol modified electrodes.

Photosystem I (PSI) is a key component of oxygenic photosynthetic electron transport because of its light-induced electron transfer to the soluble electron acceptor ferredoxin. This work demonstrates the incorporation of surface assembled cyanobacterial trimeric PSI complexes into a biohybrid system for light-driven current generation. Specifically, this work demonstrates the improved assembly of PSI via electrophoretic deposition, with controllable surface assembled PSI density, on different self-assembled alkanethiol monolayers. Using artificial electron donors and acceptors (Os(bpy)2Cl2 and methyl viologen) we demonstrate photocurrent generation from a single PSI layer, which remains photoactive for at least three hours of intermittent illumination. Photoelectrochemical comparison of the biohybrid systems assembled from different alkanethiols (hexanethiol, aminohexanethiol, mercaptohexanol, and mercaptohexanoic acid) reveals that the PSI generated photocurrent is enhanced by almost 5 times on negativel...
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISC-PAD MODEL WITH AND WITHOUT THERMAL EFFECTS

This study aims to identify thermal effects in the structure and the contact behavior of a disc-pad assembly using a finite element approach. The first analysis is performed on the disc-pad model in the absence of thermal effects. The structural performance of the disc-pad model is predicted in terms of factors such as the deformation and Von Mises stress. Next, thermomechanical analysis is performed on the same disc-pad model with the inclusion of convection, adiabatic, and heat flux elements. The predicted temperature distribution, deformation, stress, and contact pressure are presented. The structural performance between the two analyses (mechanical and thermomechanical) is compared. This study can assist brake engineers in choosing a suitable analysis method to critically evaluate the structural and contact behavior of the disc brake assembly.
Coming to the table: collaborative governance and groundwater decision-making in coastal California

Collaborative governance is on the rise in the United States. This management approach brings together state and non-state actors for environmental decision-making, and it is frequently used in California for decisions regarding local groundwater management. This study examines groundwater decision-making groups and practices in a central California coastal community to understand whether groups meet specific collaborative governance criteria and whether and why certain subsets of the population are excluded from groundwater decision-making practices. It also identifies actions for better group inclusion. We find that small farmers, the Hispanic/Latino community, and the general public are often excluded from groundwater decision-making groups and practices due to unawareness, mistrust, and insufficient resources. Education and awareness as well as incentives could help increase inclusion. This study provides insights into more equitable groundwater decision-making groups and practices, and also calls for...
Evaluation of hand and stylus based calibration for optical see-through head-mounted displays using leap motion

Next generation OST HMDs promise the inclusion of a variety of integrated and on-board sensors. In particular, hand tracking cameras, such as the Leap Motion, show potential for facilitating intuitive OST calibration procedures accessible to researchers, developers, and novice users alike. In this work, we evaluate hand and stylus based OST calibration utilizing tracking data from a Leap Motion. Our findings show that performance of both methods is comparable to results from prior studies using standard environment-centric methods. Also, while our hand based calibration improved through the use of more contextual reticle designs, calibrations performed with a stylus yielded the most accurate and precise results over all.
Hellenistic Philosophers of Law

Between 338 and 323 B.C., the entire eastern Mediterranean region—including Greece, Egypt, and most of western Asia (the remains of the Persian Empire)—fell under Macedonian rule. Although the unity of this new empire did not survive the death of its creator, Alexander of Macedon, the various smaller empires into which it had been fragmented continued to dominate the region for centuries to come. This development signaled the end of the independent Greek polis (“city-state”); but since the emergent local empires now had Greek overlords, the new era also extended the influence of Greek language and culture, which soon became dominant throughout the area. Alexander’s conquests thus mark the end of one age (the Classical) and the beginning of another (the Hellenistic), a turning point conventionally dated from Alexander’s death in 323 B.C. The other end of the Hellenistic era is placed by some at the Roman conquest of Greece (146 B.C.), and by others much later, at the Roman conquest of Egypt and western Asia (a gradual process, somewhat arbitrarily fixed around 31–27 B.C.).
Sphingolipids Inhibit Protein Kinase C and Multistep Transformation

Long chain sphingolipids are the backbone moieties of sphingomyelin, gangliosides and other complex sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are associated with cell surface phenomena and signal transduction (Reviewed in ref 1). They are found primarily on the external surface of the plasma membrane and affect the properties of cell surface receptors. They undergo changes with cell growth differentiation and neoplastic transformation; bind cytoskeleton elements and lectins; participate in cell to cell communication; act as cell surface antigens; and alter the behavior of cellular protein kinases. Recent findings have suggested that sphingolipids interact directly with receptors to modulate their functions and serve as lipid second messengers (Reviewed in 1).
Musica International — Virtual Choral Library

Dubbing itself the Virtual Choral Library, Musica International’s aim is to “include the whole choral repertoire of the world into a single multilingual database.” Work on the database began in 199...
Comparing Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use with or without Including Prayer as a Modality in a Local and Diverse United States Jurisdiction.

Objectives: Few studies to date have examined the utilization of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in a local, ethnically diverse population in the United States (U.S.). Fewer have addressed the differences in their use based on inclusion or exclusion of prayer as a modality. Variable definitions of CAM are known to affect public health surveillance (i.e., continuous, systematic data collection, analysis, and interpretation) or benchmarking (i.e., identifying and comparing key indicators of health to inform community planning) related to this non-mainstream collection of health and wellness therapies. The present study sought to better understand how including or excluding prayer could affect reporting of CAM use among residents of a large, urban U.S. jurisdiction. Design: Using population-weighted data from a cross-sectional Internet panel survey collected as part of a larger countywide population health survey, the study compared use of CAM based on whether prayer or no prayer was included in its definition. Patterns of CAM use by socio-demographic characteristics were described for the two operationalized definitions. Multivariable binomial regression analyses were performed to control for gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, employment, income, and health insurance status. One of the analyses explored the associations between CAM use and racial/ethnic characteristics in the study sample. Setting: Los Angeles County, California. Subjects: A socio-demographically diverse sample of Los Angeles County residents. Outcome Measures: CAM use (with prayer) and CAM use (excluding prayer). Results: Blacks were among the highest users of CAM when compared to Whites, especially when prayer was included as a CAM modality. Regardless of prayer inclusion, being a woman predicted higher use of CAM. Conclusions: How CAM is defined matters in gauging the utilization of this non-mainstream collection of therapies. Given that surveillance and/or benchmarking data are often used to inform resource allocation and planning decisions, results from the present study suggest that when prayer is included as part of the CAM definition, utilization/volume estimates of its use increased correspondingly, especially among non-White residents of the region.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Targeted PET/Single- Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging of Breast Cancer: Noninvasive Measurement of a Biomarker Integral to Tumor Treatment and Prognosis

Increased human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is a hallmark of aggressive breast cancer. Imaging modalities have the potential to diagnose HER2-positive breast cancer and detect distant metastases. The heterogeneity of HER2 expression between primary and metastatic disease sites limits the value of tumor biopsies. Molecular imaging is a noninvasive tool to assess HER2-positive primary lesions and metastases. Radiolabeled antibodies, antibody fragments, and affibody molecules devise a reliable and quantitative method for detecting HER2-positive cancer using PET. HER2-targeted PET imaging is a valuable clinical tool with respect to both the care and maintenance of patients with breast cancer.
Spatial Information Literacy for Digital Humanities: The case study of leveraging geospatial information for African American history education.

ABSTRACTThe rise of “digital humanities” and the “spatial turn” in the humanities has generated many new insights in the study of culture, history, literature, and arts. Within this research trend, the library's geospatial service can play an active role by introducing spatial information literacy and technology. In this article, we use the information literacy framework to explore the library's role in supporting digital humanities by introducing a successful collaboration involving a librarian and history and education researchers in hosting a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH)-funded summer institute for school teachers. Our results suggest that the framework has opened a new way to facilitate collaborations between librarians and multidisciplinary researchers.
Historical Justice and Memory

We are situated within a unique moment in the history of human rights. The creation of the Nuremberg Trials system, following World War II, set a precedent for a new kind of international accountab...
Humidity determines snowpack ablation under a warming climate

Climate change is altering historical patterns of snow accumulation and melt, threatening societal frameworks for water supply. However, decreases in spring snow water equivalent (SWE) and changes in snowmelt are not ubiquitous despite widespread warming in the western United States, highlighting the importance of latent and radiant energy fluxes in snow ablation. Here we demonstrate how atmospheric humidity and solar radiation interact with warming temperature to control snowpack ablation at 462 sites spanning a gradient in mean winter temperature from −8.9 to +2.9 °C. The most widespread response to warming was an increase in episodic, midwinter ablation events. Under humid conditions these ablation events were dominated by melt, averaging 21% (202 mm/year) of SWE. Winter ablation under dry atmospheric conditions at similar temperatures was smaller, averaging 12% (58 mm/year) of SWE and likely dominated by sublimation fluxes. These contrasting patterns result from the critical role that atmospheric humidity plays in local energy balance, with latent and longwave radiant fluxes cooling the snowpack under dry conditions and warming it under humid conditions. Similarly, spring melt rates were faster under humid conditions, yet the second most common trend was a reduction in spring melt rates associated with earlier initiation when solar radiation inputs are smaller. Our analyses demonstrate that regional differences in atmospheric humidity are a major cause of the spatial variability in snowpack response to warming. Better constraints on humidity will be critical to predicting both the amount and timing of surface water supplies under climate change.
Direct comparison of nanoindentation and tensile test results on reactor-irradiated materials

Abstract Nanoindentation testing has been used for decades to assess materials on a local scale and to obtain fundamental mechanical property parameters. Nuclear materials research often faces the challenge of testing rather small samples due to the hazardous nature, limited space in reactors, and shallow ion-irradiated zones, fostering the need for small-scale mechanical testing (SSMT). As such, correlating the results from SSMT to bulk properties is particularly of interest. This study compares macroscopic tensile test data (yield and flow stresses) to nanoindentation data (hardness) obtained on a number of different neutron-irradiated materials in order to understand the scaling behavior on radiation-damaged samples.
1608c Respiratory disease research in the wtc health program

The terrorist attack on 9/11/2001, and subsequent rescue, recovery, and service restoration of the World Trade Centre disaster site in New York City, created an unprecedented and unique occupational and environmental exposure that affected a large and diverse group of rescue workers and volunteers. The workers were exposed to a mixture of poorly characterised inhaled toxicants. A variety of acute and chronic respiratory illnesses have been reported among all exposed workers, which are the subject of large scale ongoing investigation and follow up. The predominant WTC related chronic lower airway disorders have been clinically characterised as irritant-induced asthma, nonspecific chronic bronchitis, chronic bronchiolitis, and aggravated pre-existent chronic airway disease. In addition to those, several often limited case reports, case series, and small studies have suggested other associated lung diseases among those workers. Lung function surveillance, which demonstrated an exaggerated one time expiratory flow loss (about 500 ml), has shown an average expiratory flow decline in subsequent years that seems to follow age-related rates. This episode clearly invited reflection on the characterisation of chronic airway diseases, risk factors for respiratory health, and respiratory epidemiology methods.
Practical Tactics for Separation Logic

We present a comprehensive set of tactics that make it practical to use separation logic in a proof assistant. These tactics enable the verification of partial correctness properties of complex pointer-intensive programs. Our goal is to make separation logic as easy to use as the standard logic of a proof assistant. We have developed tactics for the simplification, rearranging, splitting, matching and rewriting of separation logic assertions as well as the discharging of a program verification condition using a separation logic description of the machine state. We have implemented our tactics in the Coq proof assistant, applying them to a deep embedding of Cminor, a C-like intermediate language used by Leroy's verified CompCert compiler. We have used our tactics to verify the safety and completeness of a Cheney copying garbage collector written in Cminor. Our ideas should be applicable to other substructural logics and imperative languages.
Formation of ErAs Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser Ablation of Pressed Powder Targets

We investigate the optimal growth conditions for ErAs nanoparticle powders by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation in a He environment from elemental pressed powder targets. Incongruent ablation of the target due to differences in vaporization enthalpies is observed, and compensation for these differences is explored through altering target composition. The preferential ablation of As from the Er-As pressed powder targets appears to diminish over time, resulting in the reduced impact of differing vaporization enthalpies. Additionally, the influence of collection distance is investigated as a means to control crystallite size and powder composition. Particle size is shown to increase with collection distance and appears to reach a plateau as the beaker diameter becomes much larger than the plume size.
Nonreciprocal Electronic Devices: A Hypothesis Turned Into Reality

One of the earliest references to reciprocity as an underlying symmetry within a system dates back to the 1828 work of Green in electrostatics, relating the interchanging electric potential and charge density [1]. Through the next several decades, some of the brightest mathematicians and physicists in history, including Helmholtz, Rayleigh, and Lorentz, made various observations related to reciprocity in different branches of physics such as optics, acoustics, elastodynamics, and electromagnetics and formulated a number of theorems to explain these observations [2], [3]. Even today, more than 100 years after Lorentz's proof of reciprocity in electromagnetics, his theory is still widely in use.
Surface Temperature Evaluation and Future Projections Over India Using CMIP5 Models

The rapid change in Earth’s surface temperature is affecting the patterns of weather and climate. Such changes have a large impact, especially on agriculture and water resources throughout the world, and therefore, the projection of surface temperature in the near future is an urgent need. The current study is aimed to evaluate model performance in simulating the surface temperature (T), surface maximum temperature (Tmax) and surface minimum temperature (Tmin) over the land points of India under historical experiment (1971–2005) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). Eyeball verification of spatial distribution, bias, skill score and Taylor diagram is used to evaluate the model’s performance during 1971–2005. The relatively better performing models are used for future projection (2021–2055) of temperature under representative concentrations pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5, and the Student's t test at 99% and 95% confidence levels are applied for a limit of certainty. Under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, an increase of 0.5–0.6 °C in T at a 99% confidence level is noticed over the regions of North Central (NC), North West (NW) and West-Central (WC) India, while an increase of 0.2–0.5 °C is found over other regions of India. The Mann–Kendall (MK) test, at a 95% confidence level, suggests the maximum warming trend of Tmax in March/April and Tmin in December/February for the period of 1971–2005, and a similar trend in Tmax (March/April) and Tmin (December/February) may be possible in the near future (2021–2055).
Evolution of the rate-limiting step: From thin film to thick Ni-rich cathodes

Abstract Ni-rich NMC (LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2, x ≥ 0.6) has the attributes of high specific capacity (greater than 180 mAh/g), high operating voltage (ca. 3.8 V) and low cost, which is therefore deemed as one of the most promising cathode candidates for next-generation high-energy Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, challenges exist before the large-scale commercialization of Ni-rich cathode such as gas generation, capacity degradation especially at high rates or elevated temperatures. From thin film to densely packed high loading cathode, this work investigates the rate-limiting steps in Ni-rich cathode e.g., phase structure, electronic and ionic conductivity to understand the reaction kinetics at different scales. This work provides new insights in understanding the electrochemical properties of Ni-rich cathode at different levels to inspire revolutionary ideas to address the fundamental issues of Ni-rich cathode from material to relevant electrode levels.
Inverse modeling of viscoelasticity materials using physics constrained learning

We propose a novel approach to model viscoelasticity materials using neural networks, which capture rate-dependent and nonlinear constitutive relations. However, inputs and outputs of the neural networks are not directly observable, and therefore common training techniques with input-output pairs for the neural networks are inapplicable. To that end, we develop a novel computational approach to both calibrate parametric and learn neural-network-based constitutive relations of viscoelasticity materials from indirect displacement data in the context of multi-physics interactions. We show that limited displacement data hold sufficient information to quantify the viscoelasticity behavior. We formulate the inverse computation---modeling viscoelasticity properties from observed displacement data---as a PDE-constrained optimization problem and minimize the error functional using a gradient-based optimization method. The gradients are computed by a combination of automatic differentiation and physics constrained learning. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated through numerous benchmark problems in geomechanics and porous media transport.
Utilization and trends in palliation-directed treatments for stage II-IV anal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

4059Background: Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is associated with significant symptom burden including pain, bleeding, and obstructive symptoms. However, the proportion of patients requiring p...
Impact of the interaction between mild and mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment with chronic health problems on hospital admission among community-dwelling older adults.

Aim This study aims to examine the effect of concurrent mild and mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment with chronic diseases on hospital admission (HA) among community-dwelling older adults. Method The National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011-2018), with 1225 respondents (each wave), were used. The number of HAs within 1 year was the outcome. Clock drawing test, delayed word recall test, self-reported chronic diseases and their interactions were the independent variables. Results The effect of cognitive impairment on the frequency of HAs varies for executive function and memory impairment. Executive function impairment concurrent with the history of heart attack or diabetes mellitus (DM) can increase the risk of HAs. Memory impairment concurrent with hypertension, DM or stroke can increase the chance of HAs. Conclusion Screening to identify mild and mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment at the time of admission can help to reduce the risk of rehospitalization, particularly for patients with DM, hypertension, stroke and heart attack. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••-••.
Kings as Judges

How did representative institutions become the central organs of governance in Western Europe? What enabled this distinctive form of political organization and collective action that has proved so durable and influential? The answer has typically been sought either in the realm of ideas, in the Western tradition of individual rights, or in material change, especially the complex interaction of war, taxes, and economic growth. Common to these strands is the belief that representation resulted from weak ruling powers needing to concede rights to powerful social groups. Boucoyannis argues instead that representative institutions were a product of state strength, specifically the capacity to deliver justice across social groups. Enduring and inclusive representative parliaments formed when rulers could exercise power over the most powerful actors in the land and compel them to serve and, especially, to tax them. The language of rights deemed distinctive to the West emerged in response to more effectively imposed collective obligations, especially on those with most power.
Fuelling Conservation EcoAnxieties: Pumping and Trumping Tensions Between Industrial/Breadwinner and Ecomodern American Masculinities, 2008–2013

Contemporary white American industrial/breadwinner masculinities (Hultman & Pule, 2018), traditionally reject the feminine associations of ecoconsumerism, in favour of environmental masculinities that imagine dominating nature and reinforce (imagined) national boundaries, such as Daggett’s “petro-masculinity” (Heiliger, 2019; Hultman & Pule, 2018; Daggett, 2018). I investigate gendered tensions between 2008 and 2013 that mocked hegemonic white masculinity’s failure to embrace ecomodern practices (Hultman, 2013). I analyse satirical 21st century American cultural artefacts such as The Colbert Report’s “Prescott Oil Loves the Earth” (2008) and Portlandia’s “Meano No Bring Bag” (2012), as well as queer of colour, ecofeminist, critical masculinity, and critical cultural studies theories, and link these to battles over petroleum and plastics to explain the current renewed recycling of heterosexist engagements with nature and “the natural” as responses to Conservation EcoAnxieties during that period. I then point towards recent (2019) satirical cultural productions mocking toxic petro-masculinities as hopeful evidence for future kinder, gentler environmental masculinities.
The complexity and distribution of computationally useful problems

The solutions of certain natural decision problems such as the halting problem and the boolean satisfiability problem contain large amounts of useful information about computation that is highly organized and readily available to efficient computational processes. Such problems are computationally useful. This dissertation investigates the complexity and distribution of these computationally useful problems. The main results of this dissertation are of the following three general types. (1) Useful problems contain highly organized information. (2) Very useful problems are so highly organized that they are unusually simple and hence rare. (3) Useful problems are, as a whole, not rare and thus are not necessarily simple. A result of type (1) is proven in Chapter 3. Bennett recently extended algorithmic information theory to include a notion of computational depth that appears to quantify the level of organization in binary strings and sequences. The main result of Chapter 3 states that every weakly useful sequence is strongly deep. (A sequence x is weakly useful if a non-negligible set of recursive problems are decidable within a fixed recursive time bound when given access to x.) Results of type (2) are presented in Chapters 4 and 5. These results say that the $\le\sbsp{\rm m}{\rm P}$-complete problems for E = DTIME(2$\sp{\rm linear}$) and the $\le\sbsp{\rm m}{\rm p/poly}$-complete problems for ESPACE = DSPACE(2$\sp{\rm linear}$) are unusually simple and hence rare. Complete problems are very useful because every problem in E or ESPACE is efficiently decidable when given access to one of these problems. Chapter 6 develops a result of type (3). This result says that the weakly $\le\sbsp{\rm m}{\rm P}$-complete problems for E and ESPACE are not rare and hence are not necessarily simple. Weakly complete problems are useful because every problem in a non-negligible subset of E or ESPACE is efficiently decidable when given access to one of these problems. The above results (and others along the way) are obtained through a systematic investigation of the measure-theoretic structure of complexity classes.
Factor de necrosis tumoral-alpha: un mediador en la patogénesis de la insuficiencia cardiaca.

An increasing body of experimental and clinical work suggesting that tumor necrosis factor alpha plays a pathogenic role in heart failure continues to accumulate. This cytokine is produced in failing but not in normal hearts and experimentally, it's expression is induced by hemodynamic conditions of pressure or volume overload. Specific receptors for this cytokine are present in the heart and dynamic regulation in tumor necrosis factor receptor expression occurs in failing myocardium. In addition, tumor necrosis factor alpha may exert major cardiac effects that contribute to the development of the failing phenotype: induces negative contractil dysfunction, promotes fibrosis, induces cardiomyopathy in experimental animals and it is a major mediator of apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. The knowledge gained from studying the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in cardiac function draws attention to a series of molecules previously unrecognized as potential mediators in the pathogenesis of heart failure.
Confocal Raman microscopy for monitoring the membrane polymerization and thermochromism of individual, optically trapped diacetylenic phospholipid vesicles

Optical-trapping confocal Raman microscopy allows the 1, 4-addition reaction of diacetylenic functional groups in 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine lipids to be monitored in individual phospholipid vesicles. Optical trapping allows a single vesicle to be observed over time, allowing the direct observation of structural changes in the vesicle membrane during polymerization. Confocal Raman microscopy excludes light collection outside the optical-trap region avoiding interferences from the surrounding solution, while chemical reactions occurring in the membrane of the trapped vesicle can be measured with high sensitivity. Individual, optically trapped liposomes (0.6 µm in diameter) were exposed to photolysis radiation at 254 nm. Upon exposure to UV light, the cross-linking polymerization reaction formed a conjugated ene–yne backbone in the bilayer of the optically trapped vesicle. Polymerization produces two different polymers, red and yellow in color, which can be distinguished structurally by their Raman spectra. Rates of red and yellow polymer formation were monitored by the Raman scattering intensities from both C = C stretching vibrations at 1455 cm–1 and 1508 cm–1 and C ≡ C stretching vibrations at 2080 and 2110 cm–1, respectively. Polymer formation rates depended linearly on 254-nm light intensity, consistent with a one-photon excited polymerization reacting in a photostationary state. Relative populations of red and yellow polymer in a polymerized vesicle depend sensitively on the sample temperature. From temperature-dependent Raman spectra, the enthalpy change of the red-to-yellow thermochromic response and corresponding structural changes in the polymer could be determined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The History and Science of the Manhattan Project

Introduction and Overview.- A Short History of Nuclear Physics to the Mid-1930s.- The Discovery and Interpretation of Nuclear Fission.- Organizing the Manhattan Project, 1939-1943.- Oak Ridge, CP-1, and the Clinton Engineer Works.- The Hanford Engineer Works.- Los Alamos, Trinity, and Tinian.- Hiroshima and Nagasaki.- The Legacy of Manhattan.- Glossary.
Implementing Service-Learning: Best Practices from Agricultural Leadership Education

Service-learning has been identified as a high impact educational practice with many benefits for all parties involved. A service-learning component was integrated into the agricultural leadership curriculum at two different universities. The courses focused on the application of team leadership knowledge and skills. Students were assigned to teams and then chose a community partner. The teams worked with their community partners to identify a project and had to serve a minimum of 8 hours with their team members. As a tangible assessment piece, teams created a project portfolio documenting the stages of their service-learning project. At the conclusion of the semester, teams developed and delivered a presentation about their servicelearning project. Students completed reflection assignments at the mid-point of the service-learning project and at the end of the project. Students evaluated their own performance and the performance of their teammates.
Four cases of granuloma inguinale of cervix diagnosed clinically as carcinoma.

Abstract Four cases of granuloma inguinale of the cervix have been reported. They illustrate the marked similarity between this process and carcinoma, in that patients complain of vaginal discharge, irregular bleeding, and perhaps lower abdominal pain, while examination reveals ulceration of the cervix which bleeds readily on manipulation. Frequently there is extensive parametrial induration as well. However, examination of suitably stained material, preferably from the edge of the ulceration, discloses the identity of this process. Granuloma inguinale is characterized by the presence of a chronic inflammatory process with a pathognomonic cell containing Donovan bodies. In all cases where carcinoma of the cervix is suspected clinically, but is not confirmed by histologic study, properly stained material should be examined for the presence of the “granuloma” cell and its Donovan bodies.
Mensing Warnings: Righting a Wrong without a Remedy

The U.S. Supreme Court recently held that state claims for injury resulting from a prescription drug are not preempted by federal law if the drug is a brand name, but are preempted if the drug is a generic. This incongruity leaves consumers injured by a generic drug without a viable civil remedy. We propose that consumers be fully advised at point of sale that by choosing a generic drug they have relinquished any right to recover damages from the generic manufacturer.
HST Snapshot Images of Planetary Nebulae

During Cycle 5 of the HST General Observer program we have been carrying out a “snapshot” survey of central stars of planetary nebulae. The snapshots are short exposures in the V (F555W) and / (F814W) filters, taken with the Wide Field Planetary Camera (WFPC2) during brief scheduling opportunities.
Advanced ESD tool flow, testing and design verification results

ESD verification has become increasingly complex as integrated circuits move towards system-on-chip (SOC) applications. The result of this is that newer ESD specific checking techniques are required. This paper describes the ESD checking flow of these tools, the testing of them, and the real design errors they have uncovered.
Examining First- and Second-Order Factor Structures for News Credibility

The construct of news credibility has been of interest to communication scholars for decades, yet researchers have struggled to develop a measure of news credibility that demonstrates a reliable factor structure and construct validity. This study uses confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and discriminant analysis to evaluate Abdulla and colleagues’ (2004) measure of news credibility. Results indicate that although the factor structure of the measure is replicable, the measure exhibits significant concerns related to discriminant validity. A revised measurement model employing a second-order factor for the news credibility scale that eliminates the discriminant validity concerns is proposed, and the implications of second-order factors in measurement models are discussed.