cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimizing protein representations with information theory.

The problem of describing a protein representation by breaking up the amino acids atoms into functionally similar atom groups has been addressed by many researchers in the past 25 years. They have used a variety of physical, chemical and biological criteria of varying degrees of rigor to essentially impose our understanding of protein structures onto various atom-typing schemes used in studies of protein folding, protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions, and others. Here, instead, we have chosen to rely primarily on the data and use information-theoretic techniques to dissect it. We show that we can obtain an optimized protein representation for a given alphabet size from protein monomers or protein interface datasets that are in agreement with general concepts of protein energetics. Closer inspection of the atom partitions led to interesting observations pointing to the greater importance of the hydrophobic interactions in protein monomers compared to interfaces and, conversely, greater importance of polar/charged interaction in protein interfaces. Comparing the atom partitions from the two datasets we show that the two are strikingly similar at alphabet size of v e, proving that despite some dierences, the general energetic concepts are very similar for folding and binding. Implications for further structural studies are discussed.
The Adjustment Process for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: The Effect of Perceived Premorbid Sense of Coherence

This study investigated the relationship between perceived changes in sense of coherence from pre- to postinjury and adjustment for a group of individuals with spinal cord injury. It was hypothesized that after a spinal cord injury, an individual's belief that he or she had significantly reduced his or her sense of coherence would be associated with reduced adjustment. Forty-eight individuals with spinal cord injury completed Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale and Livneh and Antonak's Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory. Results indicated a positive relationship between adjustment and strengthened sense of coherence. Rehabilitation counselor implications are discussed.
The role of perceived team effectiveness in improving chronic illness care

Background/Objectives:The importance of teams for improving quality of care has received increased attention. We examine both the correlates of self-assessed or perceived team effectiveness and its consequences for actually making changes to improve care for people with chronic illness.Study Setting
WOOL PRICE STABILISATION AND PROFIT RISK FOR WOOL USERS

It has often been suggested that more stable wool prices would lead to an outward shift in the long-run demand for wool. To assess this claim it is necessary to examine different sources of risk and instability in wool prices and their impact on the risk borne by wool users. A model is presented in which the input and output decisions of a wool processor are related to interactions between the wool and yarn markets. It is concluded that, if fluctuations in final demand or exchange rates are the major sources of instability, the long-run effect of stabilising prices is to increase the risk faced by wool users and reduce that faced by wool growers.
A technique for counting and sizing dust samples with a microprojector.

Abstract The use of a microprojector for counting and sizing airborne dust is described. The critical set-up of the apparatus and the illuminating system are outlined step by step. Particle counts at 1000X magnification may be made from samples collected with the midget impinger, membrane filter, or thermal precipitator. Particle size determinations are conveniently made at 10,000X. Advantages are greater speed and ease of counting making possible sustained accuracy over a full workday.
Rotary Multimodal Energy Harvesting Device

In this paper, a new multimodal energy harvesting device consisting of two transduction mechanisms and having unique properties at various operating modes is presented. The hybrid system includes electromagnetic and piezoelectric energy harvesting technologies, and uses linear motion and impact forces from human motion for energy harvesting. The device is based on an unbalanced electromagnetic rotor made of three beams of piezoelectric material that have magnets attached to the ends. The device is to be worn on the legs or arms of a person. Linear motion, from the arms or legs swinging, causes the rotor to spin and the magnets to pass over the coils. Impact forces, from stepping, induce stress on the piezoelectrics which generates voltage across the electrode. The results of several numerical simulations are presented. For the piezoelectric beams, numerical simulations were done to find the deflection, stress, optimum operating frequency, and mode shapes taking into account environmental conditions. For the electromagnetic generation, numerical simulations were done to find the optimal load resistance and power generation for several different orientations. Other design related issues will also be investigated to fully realize the device in real world applications.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Lumbosacral Abortive Hemangioma with Intradural Extension

Abortive hemangioma (AH) is a true hemangioma of infancy that expresses glucose transporter-1 protein in the endothelial cells, with an arrested growth cycle. We present the rare case of a lumbosacral AH with intramedullary extension.
Identification and characterization of the Xlsirt cis-acting RNA localization element.

There are many RNAs that are localized to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus laevis oocytes. One family of localized transcripts, Xlsirts (Xenopus laevis short interspersed repeat transcripts), are defined by the presence of non-coding repeat units 79–81 nucleotides long. Endogenous Xlsirt RNAs are localized through the METRO (message transport organizer) pathway that localizes RNAs during stages I and II of oogenesis. Interestingly, exogenous Xlsirt RNAs that are injected into oocytes can utilize both the METRO pathway as well as the Late pathway, which localizes RNAs during the late stages of oogenesis (stages III–VI). In all cases thus far analyzed, the localization process relies on the presence of cis-acting elements on the transcripts that are responsible for directing localization. To better understand the mechanism responsible for the use of the METRO and Late localization pathways, we sought to identify pathway-specific cis-acting localization elements contained in Xlsirts. The results showed that an intact 137 nucleotide element was necessary and sufficient to localize RNAs through the METRO and Late pathways. Further analysis of this element identified putative METRO and Late pathway localization sub-elements. Computer analysis relates the secondary structure of the 137 nt element to its ability to function as a localization element.
Global Analysis of Protein Palmitoylation in Yeast

Protein palmitoylation is a reversible lipid modification that regulates membrane tethering for key proteins in cell signaling, cancer, neuronal transmission, and membrane trafficking. Palmitoylation has proven to be a difficult study: Specifying consensuses for predicting palmitoylation remain unavailable, and first-example palmitoylation enzymes—i.e., protein acyltransferases (PATs)—were identified only recently. Here, we use a new proteomic methodology that purifies and identifies palmitoylated proteins to characterize the palmitoyl proteome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thirty-five new palmitoyl proteins are identified, including many SNARE proteins and amino acid permeases as well as many other participants in cellular signaling and membrane trafficking. Analysis of mutant yeast strains defective for members of the DHHC protein family, a putative PAT family, allows a matching of substrate palmitoyl proteins to modifying PATs and reveals the DHHC family to be a family of diverse PAT specificities responsible for most of the palmitoylation within the cell.
Can restenosis after coronary angioplasty be predicted from clinical variables

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine whether variables shown to correlate with restenosis in one group (learning group) could be shown to predict recurrent stenosis in a second group (validation group). Background. Restenosis remains a critical limitation after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Although several clinical variables have been shown to correlate with restenosis, there are few data concerning attempts to predict recurrent stenosis. Methods. The source of data was the clinical data bese at Emory University. Patients who had had previous coronary surgery and patients who underwent coronary angioplasty in the setting of acute myocardial Infarction were excluded. A total of 4,006 patients with angiographic restudy after successful angioplisty were identified. They were classified into a learning group of 2,500 patients and a validation group of 1,506 patients. The correlates of restenosis in the learning group were determined by stepwise logistic regression, and a model was developed to predict the probability of restenosis and was tested in the validation group. By using various cut points for the predicted probability of restenosis, a receiver operating characteristic curve was created. Goodness of fit of the model was evaluated by comparing average predicted probabilities with average observed probabilities within subgroups on the basis of risk level determined by linear regression analysis. Results. In the learning group 1,145 patients had restenosis and 1,355 did not. Correlates of restenosis were severe angina, severe diameter stenosis before angioplasty, left anterior descending coronary artery dilation, diabetes, greater diameter stenosis after angioplasty, hypertension, absence of an intimal tear, eccentric morphology and older patient age. The model derived from the learing group was used to predict restenosis in the validation group. By varying the cut point for the predicted probability of restenosis above which restenosis is diagnosed and below which it is not, a receiver operating characteristic curve was created. The curve was close to the line of identity, reflecting a poor predictive ability. However, the model was shown to fit well with the predicted probability of restenosis correlating well with the observed probability (r = 0.98, p = 0.0001). Conclusions. Clinical variables provide limited ability to predict definitively whether a particular patient will have restenosis. However, the current model may be used to predict the probability of restenosis, with some uncertainty, at least in well characterized patients who have already had angioplasy.
Cancer: Destiny from density

The identification of a signalling protein that regulates the accumulation of fat and connective tissue in breasts may help to explain why high mammographic density is linked to breast-cancer risk. It may also provide a marker for predicting this risk.
Remote weather associated with South Pacific subtropical sea‐level high properties

Remote events influencing North Pacific (NP) subtropical high properties in monthly and daily data are identified. Variability in the NP during summer is far more strongly dominated by midlatitude events than in South Pacific (SP); low-pass filtering is required to see tropical associations. The dominant pattern in composites, correlations, and regressions is a midlatitude wave train. A stronger NP high was led by higher sea-level pressure (SLP) just east of Japan and lower SLP over central Canada and to a lesser extent over western tropical Pacific. Various mechanisms have been proposed to force the NP high: (1) Heating over southwestern North America (with cooling off the west coast). However, higher temperatures over North America follow stronger SLP over the NP high and occur much further east than postulated. Higher SLP occurs where temperatures are lower over western North America and adjacent ocean. Thermal pattern is consistent with temperature advection between NP high and Canadian low. (2) Precipitation over and near Central America. However, SLP increase on the SE side of the high is led by higher SLP (and higher outgoing longwave radiation (OLR)) along the west coast of Mexico and Central America. Normalized regressions find a very weak lower OLR in North American monsoon preceding stronger NP high, but the region is much smaller in size and magnitude than other significant areas. (3) Precipitation over Indonesia and southeast Asia. Statistics provide some support for lower SLP and OLR over Indonesia preceding higher SLP in the center, west, and northwest sides of NP high. The lower SLP and OLR appear to migrate into southeast Asia, perhaps independently, perhaps from stronger NP high. (4) The NP high has a strong connection to El Nino during winter, but no significant link during summer. Only the south side of NP high appears (weakly) linked to the Madden Julian oscillation (MJO). Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
After-hours trading of NYSE stocks on the regional stock exchanges

Abstract A large number of New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)-listed stocks are traded on the Chicago, Philadelphia, and Pacific exchanges, and these exchanges have extended their trading hours to permit trading in NYSE-listed stocks after the close of trading on the NYSE. Demand for after-hours trading on the regional exchanges is limited. The Pacific Stock Exchange, which transacts less than 40% of the combined regionals' trading volume during regular trading hours, captures more than 63% of the after-hours trades. We find that there is very little price discovery during after-hours trading. Almost all of the trades take place at either the NYSE closing ask, bid, or trade price. The most actively traded stocks intraday also tend to be the most actively traded stocks after hours. The percentage spreads and percentage half-spreads are significantly higher during the after-hours sessions on all three regional exchanges. Among the Chicago, Philadelphia, and Pacific exchanges, spreads are significantly lower after-hours on the Pacific exchange at the .10 level. Depth declines significantly during after-hours trading on the Chicago and Philadelphia exchanges and increases significantly on the Pacific exchange.
ADIABATIC INVARIANTS IN STELLAR DYNAMICS .1. BASIC CONCEPTS

The adiabatic criterion, widely used in astronomical dynamics, is based on the harmonic oscillator. It asserts that the change in action under a slowly varying perturbation is exponentially small. Recent mathematical results that precisely define the conditions for invariance show that this model does not apply in general. In particular, a slowly varying perturbation may cause significant evolution stellar dynamical systems even if its time scale is longer than any internal orbital time scale. This additional 'heating' may have serious implications for the evolution of star clusters and dwarf galaxies which are subject to long-term environmental forces. The mathematical developments leading to these results are reviewed, and the conditions for applicability to and further implications for stellar systems are discussed. Companion papers present a computational method for a general time-dependent disturbance and detailed example.
On the contactless suspension of objects by electric and magnetic fields

In connection with the contactless suspension of objects by electric and magnetic fields, an electrodynamical version of Kapitza's theorem on the stabilizing influence of a rapidly oscillating field is deduced.
Novel, rapid assay for measuring entry of diverse enveloped viruses, including HIV and rabies.

Entry is the first and essential step in virus replication and is a target for therapeutic intervention. However, current knowledge on entry mechanism for the majority of viruses is poor, partly due to lack of a simple, sensitive and accurate entry assay that can be applied to diverse viruses. To overcome this obstacle, a novel contents-mixing-based virus entry assay is described that can be broadly applied to many enveloped viruses. By fusing firefly luciferase to the HIV Nef protein, luciferase was directly packaged into HIV particles pseudotyped with envelope proteins of diverse viruses including HIV, rabies and others. Upon cell entry, the luciferase-fusion protein was released into the cell cytoplasm, reacted with its substrates and was detected by light emission. The assay was validated by demonstrating its versatility in measuring virus entry. Entry was detected much more rapidly (in real-time) with higher sensitivity (a multiplicity of infection 1000) than other comparable assays. In addition to its utility in studying virus entry mechanisms, the assay will aid in screening potential entry/fusion inhibitors and in diagnosis of virus infections.
High-pressure X-ray absorption fine structure in the diamond anvil cell and its applications in geological materials

Although coupling the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) technique to the diamond anvil cell (DAC) has long been recognized as potentially important for understanding the behavior and evolution of the local and electronic structure of matter under extreme conditions, the DAC has been regarded as poorly suited for XAFS due to the DAC imposed glitches. Recently, an iterative method was proposed to distinguish and eliminate the serious interference of the diamond Bragg peaks, and succeeded in acquiring high quality 'reflection-free' XAFS spectra at high pressure under the DAC environment. In this paper, we use this method and present demonstration XAFS spectra for GeO2 glass, which is the archetype of network forming glasses with important geophysical implications, at pressures to 64 GPa. This is far above the change in coordination from tetrahedra to octahedra occurring at 6-13 GPa. The results provide important insight into the structural polymorphism of GeO2 glass at high pressure.
Chemistry of Furan Conversion into Aromatics and Olefins over HZSM-5: A Model Biomass Conversion Reaction

The conversion of furan (a model of cellulosic biomass) over HZSM-5 was investigated in a thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry system, in situ Fourier transform infrared analysis, and in a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor. Furan adsorbed as oligomers at room temperature with a 1.73 of adsorbed furan/Al ratio. These oligomers were polycyclic aromatic compounds that were converted to CO, CO2, aromatics, and olefins at temperatures from 400 to 600 °C. Aromatics (e.g., benzene, toluene, and naphthalene), oligomer isomers (e.g., benzofuran, 2,2-methylenebisfuran, and benzodioxane), and heavy oxygenates (C12+ oligomers) were identified as intermediates formed inside HZSM-5 at different reaction temperatures. During furan conversion, graphite-type coke formed on the catalyst surface, which caused the aromatics and olefins formation to deactivate within the first 30 min of time on-stream. We have measured the effects of space velocity and temperature for furan conversion to help us understand the chemist...
Supersonic Navier-Stokes simulations of turbulent afterbody flows

Four numerical algorithms and three turbulence models are used to solve the thin layer three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for the supersonic flow past a nonaxisymmetric nozzle. The four numerical algorithms evaluated are based on upwind differencing and feature time-dependent, space relaxation, and parabolized schemes. The three different algebraic turbulence models are the Baldwin-Lomax (1978), the nonequilibrium model of Johnson and King (1985), and the Goldberg (1989) modification for the separated flow region. The present investigation was conducted at freestream Mach numbers of 1.2 and 1.3 and at an angle of attack of 0.0 deg. The Reynolds numbers for the investigation ranged from 20.5 million to 21.5 million, based on the model length. The calculations are compared with experimental data.
Elastic and inelastic behavior of graphitic C3N4 under high pressure

Abstract We conducted high pressure measurements on the graphitic C 3 N 4 ( g -C 3 N 4 ) phase using Brillouin light scattering (BLS) up to 41.5 GPa and X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) up to 26 GPa to probe the behavior of sp 2 bonds. Analysis of the BLS and XRS measurements of g -C 3 N 4 reveals no structural phase transition and, unlike graphite, no sp 2 to sp 3 rehybridization in this pressure range. From the BLS results we estimate the ambient condition longitudinal velocity ( V L = 6.27 ± 0.12 km/s), aggregate shear wave velocity ( V S = 3.04 ± 0.2 km/s), and the shear ( μ = 21.6 GPa) and bulk elastic moduli ( K V = 63.1 GPa) of the g -C 3 N 4 .
The environment as a determinant of child mortality among migrants in frontier areas of Pará and RondÔnia, Brazil, 1980

This article examines child mortality as an indicator of the quality of life among migrants living in Brazilian Amazonia in 1980. I focus on migrants in the frontier states of Para and RondOnia, which experienced rapid settlement during the 1970s. The key question here is the effect of settlement location on child mortality rates. While RondOnia had lower ratios of population per public health establishments and personnel than Para, RondOnia nonetheless exhibited a higher malaria prevalence in 1980. I therefore attribute locational differences in child mortality to environmental factors important to malaria transmission rather than to health care infrastructure. The findings from multivariate regression analysis show that net of the effects of human capital, migration history and migrant living standards, settling in Para rather than RondOnia resulted in significantly lower rates of child mortality. These findings suggest that environmental factors coinciding with location of frontier settlement had important consequences for the living standards of migrants in the Brazilian Amazon.
Risks factors associated with offshore IT outsourcing

Purpose – To provide a framework for risk assessment of offshore IT outsourcing.Design/methodology/approach – Based on review of recent literature, this paper has identified major risk categories of offshore IT outsourcing, discussed various risk factors within each category, and provided a general framework for the study of risk factors in this area.Findings – Provides a general framework and a check‐list of the major risk factors related to offshore IT outsourcing.Research limitations/implications – Suggests further research studies in three specific directions: case‐based studies; country and region risk analysis; and strategic alliance.Practical implications – Provides a very helpful guideline for practitioners in assessing various risks involved in offshore IT outsourcing.Originality/value – The paper provides a synthesis and analysis of the viewpoints as reflected in the literature on various dimensions of the risks associated with offshore IT outsourcing.
Aeroelastic Suppression of Wind Turbine Blade Using Trailing-Edge Flap

The variation of aeroelastic system dynamics is treated as the change of time-varying aerodynamic loads along the operation trajectory of a spinning wind turbine. An Adaptive Control scheme is introduced to suppress flutter based on the proposed model. The robustness and effectiveness of Adaptive Control is shown by simulation results. For stability analysis, Adaptive Stability Theorem is proved theoretically by Kalman-Yacubovic Lemma and demonstrated numerically by certain cases.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
100% Duty Factor Electron Linac

An electron linac has been designed and specified with the beam characteristics tabulated below. It uses three currently available 200 kW CW klystrons and standing wave 805 MHz cavities of LAMPF design, operating with manageable heat dissipation of 0.5 kW per cavity. Beam energy (max.): 40 MeV (duty factor 50%)?30 MeV (duty factor 100%) Mean beam power: 160 KW at 30 MeV CW. Short-pulse mode: 160 KW at 2 × 105 pps, 10 ns. Fast neutron flux 5 × 1014/second. (short-pulsed): Monochromated photon 2 × 108/second (50 KeV resol.) flux: At energies above 30 MeV, in order not to exceed power dissipation constraints, duty factor must be reduced. The continuous beam gives the machine outstanding capacity to service a tagged photon monochromator, and a high intensity, high PRF pulsed source of fast neutrons.
Fractures induced by a contained explosion in Kemmerer coal

A cylindrical high-explosive charge, 5.5 m long, and 0.1 m in dia and weighing 59 kg, was fired with its axis vertical and its center 15 m deep in a 26 m thick subbituminous coal seam near Kemmerer, WY. The experiment attempted to associate a parameter epsilon/sub f/, the total failure-induced deviatoric strain, calculated by the one-dimensional Lagrangian computer program SOC with shot-induced fracture- and permeability-enhancement. Further purposes of the experiment were to test diagnostics for future in-situ coal gasification work. Gross effects of the explosion were increased permeability, increased fracturing, decreased sound speed, easier drilling, and migration of dye from the shot hole. These effects were found out to a radius corresponding to values of epsilon/sub f/ approximately 0.01. Values of epsilon/sub f/ of this order have been associated in the past with microscopic fracture. Subtler effects were decreased resistivity as well as changes in the character of the acoustic logs. The latter were found out to a radius corresponding to epsilon/sub f/ approximately 0.001. Diagnostic tests indicated satisfactory performance of the experimental techniques.
The Equatorial Waves of Balanced Models

Abstract An analysis is made of the linear waves of the Balance Equations and the global Balance Equations on an equatorial β-plane. We consider both finite and infinite meridional domains and show the effect of different choices of boundary conditions in a finite domain. The infinite domain is similar to a complete spherical domain, a problem studied by Moura. We find analogies to several of his results: for example, the Balance Equations have no eastward traveling waves, whereas the global Balance Equations do. We also make an extensive study of the long-wave limit, which is relevant for ocean domains whose width greatly exceeds the Rossby radius of deformation. This limit is singular for many of the wave solutions. In general, however, the balanced models provide reasonably good approximations to the low-frequency waves of the primitive equations. The global Balance Equations do have high-frequency waves, but they are very different from those of the primitive equations.
Space-efficient online approximation of time series data: Streams, amnesia, and out-of-order

In this paper, we present an abstract framework for online approximation of time-series data that yields a unified set of algorithms for several popular models: data streams, amnesic approximation, and out-of-order stream approximation. Our framework essentially develops a popular greedy method of bucket-merging into a more generic form, for which we can prove space-quality approximation bounds. When specialized to piecewise linear bucket approximations and commonly used error metrics, such as L 2 or L ∞ , our framework leads to provable error bounds where none were known before, offers new results, or yields simpler and unified algorithms. The conceptual simplicity of our scheme translates into highly practical implementations, as borne out in our simulation studies: the algorithms produce near-optimal approximations, require very small memory footprints, and run extremely fast.
Alfvén waves and Poynting flux observed simultaneously by Polar and FAST in the plasma sheet boundary layer

We present the first simultaneous observations of Alfven waves at Polar and FAST altitudes, ∼7 R E geocentric and ∼3500 km, respectively, at ∼23 MLT in the main phase of a major geomagnetic storm on 22 October 1999. We compare the Poynting flux for these waves and the electron energy flux at the two spacecraft. We also present a new method of Alfven wave analysis, examining Poynting flux magnitude and directionality along with the perturbation electric to magnetic field ratio of these waves as a function of wave temporal scale (frequency). The results of this analysis are compared with those expected from kinetic Alfven wave models. There is a mean net loss of ∼2.1 ergs cm -2 s -1 (mW m -2 ) in earthward Poynting flux over the altitude region between Polar and FAST, a mean net increase in earthward electron energy flux of up to ∼ 1.2 ergs cm -2 s -1 over the same region, frequency characteristics consistent with a mixture of Alfven waves obeying the kinetic Alfven wave dispersion relation mixed with some coupling to the ionosphere, and high-frequency kinetic Alfven wave generation between Polar and FAST. Current models are found to be generally consistent with the study results but are not yet sufficiently well formulated to account for the details, including evidence for temporal and/or spatial modulation of reflectivity.
Analyzing binomial data with a nonzero baseline using GLIM

The analysis of binomial data in the presence of 'change performance' or a natural response is discussed. The response and predictors are assumed to be related through a probit or logit link function. The baseline rate may be known a priori as in a forced choice experiment or have to be estimated as in biological studies. Both situations are conveniently analyzed in GLIM. When the baseline is estimated either the EM algorithm or a composite link function may be used.
THE SUPPLY‐DEMAND DILEMMA IN COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CENTERS

Community mental health centers are faced by a paradox: as the supply of properly offered services increases, the demand for these services accelerates even faster. This new level of demand cannot be met by our present allocation of resources. Response strategies that attempt to meet this paradox are critically surveyed and case material from one center is highlighted.
Improving the quality of pressure ulcer care with prevention: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

BackgroundIn October 2008, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services discontinued reimbursement for hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs), thus placing stress on hospitals to prevent incidence of this costly condition.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether prevention methods are cost-effective compared w
Broadband terahertz study of excitonic resonances in the high-density regime in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells

We report the first terahertz study of the intraexcitonic $1s\text{\ensuremath{-}}2p$ transition at high excitation densities in $\mathrm{GaAs}∕{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ quantum wells. A strong shift, broadening, and ultimately the disappearance of this resonance occurs with increasing density, after ultrafast photoexcitation at the near-infrared exciton line. Densities of excitons and unbound electron-hole pairs are followed quantitatively using a model of the composite terahertz dielectric response. Comparison with near-infrared absorption changes reveals a significantly enhanced energy shift and broadening of the intraexcitonic resonance.
Creative emergence: A synthesis☆

Perhaps the most provocative questions in art psychotherapy relate to the issue of motivation for and the creative source of an individual’s personal symbology. This article describes the understanding of motive and source which one artist-psychologist derived from examining her recent work compared to earlier artistic efforts. The drawing/paintings illustrated in this article are noticeably different from previous drawings described in an article by the artist in Leonardo (Musick, 1977). Recent images (1978) are puzzling when examined in relation to the artist’s creative history. The new works seemed to emerge on paper as if from unknown sources. Emergence: “to come forth from a place or source, from a place shut off from view, into sight or notice” (Barnhart, 1961). What came forth into sight or notice in the new drawings was the quality of expression. They appeared more artistically competent and perhaps more aesthetically excellent than earlier works. This is only remarkable when it is viewed in the context of years devoid of artistic activity. For the preceding decade the artist had not engaged in visual artistic work. What had been, for over three decades, her major focus suddenly had been abandoned. Save for one small sketch of a haunting student’s face done during a university seminar, her hand had not touched a drawing implement for many years. Thus the recent work which emerged from the easel was surprising. It raised disturbing questions. How could the work flow, achieve, evolve, after such long deprivation? How could one explain improved skills? What was the source of the new imagery? As a possible explanation, it is proposed that the earlier works can be characterized as the “making” of art involving unsynthesized conscious and unconscious processes, while the later drawings are noted for the “emergence” of art in which the psychic functions are integrated and interacting. The observable differences between the stages are two. First, the recent works are more technically proficient. They present solutions to visual problems not seen in Fig. 1. Search 1 (Courtesy Leonardo).
22X mask cleaning effects on EUV lithography process and lifetime

For this paper, we evaluated the impact of repetitive cleans on a photomask that was fabricated and patterned for extreme ultraviolet lithography exposure. The lithographic performance of the cleaned mask, in terms of process window and line edge roughness, was monitored with the SEMATECH Berkeley micro-exposure tool (MET). Each process measurement of the cleaned mask was compared to a reference mask with the same mask architecture. Both masks were imaged on the same day in order to eliminate any process-related measurement uncertainties. The cleaned mask was periodically monitored with atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and pattern widths were monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, reflectivity changes were also tracked with the aid of witness plate measurements. At the conclusion of this study, the mask under evaluation was cleaned 22 times; with none of the evaluation techniques showing any significant degradation in performance.
MAQS: a mobile sensing system for indoor air quality

Most people spend more than 90% of their time indoors. Indoor air quality (IAQ) influences human health, safety, productivity, and comfort. This demo introduces MAQS, a personalized mobile sensing system for IAQ monitoring. In contrast with existing stationary or outdoor air quality sensing systems, MAQS users carry portable, indoor location tracking sensors that provide personalized IAQ information. To improve accuracy and energy efficiency, MAQS incorporates three novel techniques: (1) an accurate temporal n-gram augmented Bayesian room localization method; (2) an air exchange rate based IAQ sensing method; and (3) a zone-based proximity detection method for collaborative sensing.
Histocompatibility requirements of rat lymphocytes for fetal antigen recognition

Abstract The primed lymphocyte test (secondary mixed lymphocyte-fibroblast reaction) and chromium-51 release cytotoxicity assay were used to study the involvement and/or requirement of major histocompatibility antigens in the interaction of anti-fetal effector lymphocytes with rat embryo fibroblasts (REFs) and tumor cells. Rat spleen cells previously sensitized in vitro against 14-day gestation REFs produced significant secondary blastogenic reactions when restimulated with REFs or tumor cells possessing the same major histocompatibility complex haplotype as the primary REF stimulators. The fetal specificity of primed lymphocytes was demonstrated by the inability of either syngeneic or allogeneic adult normal fibroblasts to induce a secondary proliferative response. Analogous results were seen using the chromium-51 release cytotoxicity assay. Anti-F344 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from W/F × F344 F1 rats significantly kill F344 (Ag-B1) REFs and NBR (Ag-B1) REFs, but not W/F (Ag-B2) or Buf (Ag-B6) REF targets. Involvement of histocompatibility antigens in the recognition of fetal antigens by CTLs was further indicated by the ability of alloantiserum, as well as anti-fetal serum, to inhibit the lysis of REF target cells by the anti-fetal CTLs.
Who Measures the World? Alexander von Humboldt's Chimborazo Climb in the Literary Imagination

On June 23, 1802, Alexander von Humboldt, Carlos Montufar, Aime Bonpland, and three guides attempted to climb the Andean peak Mount Chimborazo, which at 6267 meters (20,561 feet) was thought to be the highest mountain in the world. The ascent was one of the highlights of Humboldt’s legendary five-year research trip to the Spanish colonies in the Americas that began in 1799 in the Canary Islands and continued to Venezuela, Cuba, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Mexico, and the United States. Unlike previous forays to the new world, Humboldt’s expedition was independently financed, approved by a special travel permit granted after an audience with the Spanish King Carlos IV, and not tethered to any immediate colonial, national, economic, or political aims. 1 Rather, Humboldt’s Wanderlust, with no preset agenda or prescribed travel route, was steeped in the Romantic ideal of travel and exploration. Thanks to the generous inheritance from his mother, Humboldt was able to realize a lifelong dream, breaking away from militaryfocused Prussia, from aristocratic-bourgeois family expectations, a predetermined professional career, heterosexual gender roles, and his clinical depression. Yet it was precisely the escape from a safe European environment that ultimately guaranteed Humboldt’s triumphant return to Paris in 1804, enabling thousands of Europeans to vicariously enjoy his risks and adventures. Humboldt’s carefully crafted illustrations, scientific reports, and adventurous tales of his expedition to the Americas contributed to a growing European fascination with scaling heights previously thought inaccessible and fueled the public consumption of such exploits. This essay looks at Humboldt’s own narrations of his Chimborazo climb and three representations of the event, including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s drawing “Hohen der alten und neuen Welt bildlich verglichen” (1807), Rainer Simon’s DEFA film Die Besteigung des Chimborazo (1989), and Daniel Kehlmann’s bestseller Die Vermessung der Welt (2005). It compares these diverse fictional representations in order to examine the imaginative and ideological bent of each interpretation. While Humboldt, in the face of insur
Evolution of the structure of precipitation in Hurricane Allen (1980)

Abstract Reflectivity data from the airborne radar systems on board the three NOAA aircraft were gathered during six consecutive days in Hurricane Allen of 1980. The data have been used to specify the horizontal and vertical precipitation distribution within 111 km radius of the hurricane center. The evolution of the structure and intensity of the precipitation in the storm is described from representative time composite radar maps for seven research flights made during the 6-day period. The eyewall was characterized by a narrow ring (12–15 km wide) of intense reflectivity (42–47 dBZ) surrounding the center of the storm at a radius that varied in time from 12–40 km. The eyewall had steep radial gradients of reflectivity (4–5 dB km−1) and tilted radially outward in height. The rainbands were characterized by areas of enhanced reflectivity embedded in a region of stratiform rainfall that contained a distinct bright band at the height of the 0°C isotherm. The most striking changes in structure during the 6-d...
Modelling of Plant Growth for Yield Prediction

ABSTRACT Splinter, W. E., 1974. Modelling of plant growth for yield prediction. Agric. Meteorol., 14: 243–253. A corn growth model is presented which requires three basic input parameters: average daily light intensity (ly), average daily temperature (°C) and soil resistance block reading (Ohms). Comparison with field measurements taken during the summer of 1972 indicates reasonable fit, although the wet season did not allow a test of the soil moisture component of the model.
The effect of tape overwrap angle and head radius on head/tape spacing and contact pressure in linear tape recording

Linear tape recording devices typically employ contact recording to minimize head/media magnetic spacing and thus maximize recording density. Successful contact recording is a delicate balance between spacing and contact pressure. If an air bearing develops, spacing will exceed the 100 nm upper limit for current high recording density devices. Conversely, high contact pressure can lead to head wear or tape damage. Most recording heads produced today for linear tape devices consist of one or more cylindrical wafer sections that are bonded together to form a rigid structure. Each individual tape bearing surface is cylindrical with straight edges. The tape is held over the head contact surface by tape guides so that the tape is wrapped sharply around the edges where cylindrical surface and flat surface meet. Overwrap angle is defined as the angle between the tape after it leaves the head and a tangent to the cylindrical head surface at the edge where cylindrical surface and flat surface meet. This paper will use one-dimensional finite element modeling to explore how overwrap angle and bump radius affect head/tape spacing and contact pressure. The effects of tape stiffness, tape tension, and tape velocity will be investigated. Feasible combinations of overwrap angle and bump radius will be presented which minimize head/tape separation, yet keep contact pressure within bounds.
A Si(Li) detector system for conversion coefficient measurements and application to the decays of51Cr and87Y

An electron detector system with a 3 mm × 100 mm2 Si(Li) detector with a cooled FET and vacuum air lock for changing sources was constructed. The absolute efficiency was measured as a function of energy for use in the measurement ofK conversion coefficients. With the Si(Li) and a Ge(Li) detector, theK conversion coefficient of the 320 keV transition in51V was measured to be 0.00156 ± 0.00008 where theK conversion coefficients of the 661 and 279 keV transitions in137Ba and203Tl were used as standards. From absolute detection efficiency measurements, theK conversion coefficients of the 388 and 483 keV transitions in87Sr were measured to be 0.16 ± 0.02 and 0.0024 ± 0.0003, respectively.
Percutaneous catheter emboli: Sources and prevention

Percutaneous coronary arteriography has been associated with numerous reports of embolic complications. Efforts to minimize such complications have focused upon normal hemostatic functions and the possible preventative role of systemic heparin. In considering the source and prevention of catheter emboli it is useful to review the mechanisms by which particulate matter may be introduced into the aortic root and to recognize that foreign material unaffected by anticoagulation may constitute a significant source of emboli. A simple technical protocol described in this communication has been followed during 3,500 percutaneous transfemoral coronary arteriograms using the Judkins approach. During this experience no embolic complications have been observed.
Soluble and Insoluble Protein Patterns during Induction of Freezing Tolerance in Black Locust Seedlings

Protein metabolism plays a major role in the development of freezing tolerance in plants. Soluble and insoluble protein concentrations were followed during induction of freezing tolerance in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stem tissues. Soluble proteins were fractionated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and examined for the presence of glycoprotein fractions. Soluble protein concentration remained relatively constant during early stages of induction of freezing tolerance but increased significantly during later stages, while insoluble protein concentration remained relatively constant throughout induction. A new soluble protein component appeared during later stages of induction and was identified as a glycoprotein. Some glycoproteins are known to have a high water-binding capacity, which could play a role in intracellular resistance to ice formation during development of freezing tolerance.
Preparing Doctoral-Level Consultants for Systems Change: Implementing and Supervising Multitiered Practices in Early Childhood Education

Implementing changes that support a preventative approach in early childhood education (ECE) requires the collaboration of skilled professionals. The present case study describes a change effort to implement multitiered systems of support (MTSS) in early childhood settings that included collaboration of agency personnel, school psychology program faculty and trainees, and ECE faculty. It describes a competency-based training initiative that provides applied experiences in consultation, supervision, and change facilitation for systems change efforts. The implementation of a systems-level approach for promoting positive behavior at three ECE agencies is described, with resulting teacher and child outcomes. Implications for future consultation research, training, and practice are discussed in relation to a consultation training model that provides competency-based field experiences to support change in ECE.
A Semi-Strong Form Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Hog Futures Market

Forward pricing is a primary role of livestock futures markets. A semi-strong form test of efficiency examines whether or not the prices in a market reflect all publicly available information. An econometric forecasting model is constructed to serve as a norm against which to test futures market forward-pricing abilities. Utilizing alternative methods of evaluation, results demonstrate that the live-hog futures market cannot be relied upon to reflect accurately and consistently subsequent cash prices; hence, it is inefficient.