cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infrared atlas of the Arcturus spectrum, 0.9-5.3 microns

A spectral atlas of the infrared spectrum of the bright K 2 giant Arcturus has been completed using the 4 meter Mayall telescope and FTS. The 0.9-5.3 micron spectrum of Arcturus was observed at high signal-to-noise with a resolution of 100,000. Telluric lines were removed by using telluric transmission spectra generated from McMath-Pierce solar spectra or 4 meter lunar spectra. The spectrum of Arcturus was observed on two different dates selected to give large opposite heliocentric shifts. The spectra observed on the different dates have been independently corrected for telluric absorption with the result that the telluric spectrum has been effectively removed from all but the most obscure wavelengths of the Arcturus spectrum. We attempted to identify lines with central depths stronger than a few percent. Identifications seem well in hand with the unidentified lines apparantly atmoic in origin. The atlas is available either on an AAS CD-ROM or as an ASP monograph.
Paradox, Ambiguity, and the Re‐Creation of Self: Reflections on a Narrative from Nepal

At the core of this article is an account of a woman in Nepal whose life was shattered and who renounced the world and re-created a sense of self that was rich with meaning, although not fully free of the pain of living. In examining her narrative, and a ritual that in some ways runs parallel to it, I raise questions about the value of paradox and ambiguity in the construction of selves.
Microscopic Origins of Band Broadening in Chromatography. Polarity Distribution in C18 Stationary Phase Probed by Confocal Ratiometric Imaging of Nile Red

Band broadening is a major factor that influences the efficiency and resolution of chromatographic separations. Studies of microscopic origins of band broadening, such as the micropolarity distribution of chromatographic stationary phase, can provide a better understanding of many chromatographic phenomena and retention behavior. In this work, we probe the chemical environments of C18 chromatographic stationary phase with quantitative confocal fluorescence microscopy under real reversed-phase liquid chromatography conditions. Ratiometric imaging of C18 interface is achieved by loading the stationary phase with a polarity-sensitive dye, Nile red, and optical sectioning with confocal microscopy. The results reveal that there are uniform micropolarity distributions inside individual chromatographic beads, but the polarity may differ between stationary-phase particles. The homogeneity of micropolarity of individual beads suggests that there are not any spatially large exposed silica sites beyond the optical r...
Retardate trace classical conditioning with pure tone and speech sound CSs

Retardate trace conditioning performance with a 200-msec trace CS and a 450-msec CS-offset/UCS-onset interval was compared under pure-tone (slow and fast rise-time) and speech sound (a synthesized voiced stop consonant-vowel) conditions. There was no effect of type of CS, but the retardates showed a bimodal performance distribution atypical for single-cue conditioning. Additional data collected under the same CS and ISI conditions with normal subjects demonstrated an essentially unimodal performance distribution again with no effect of type of CS presented.
Some antecedents and consequences of scientific performance

Relationships between organizational factors and the performance of 151 engineers were studied to determine the extent to which the factors preceded performance and performance preceded the factors. Four factors were related significantly to subsequent performance: involvement in work, colleague contact, diversity of work activities, and number of subordinates. Every factor studied (these four, plus salary and influence on work goals) was related to previous performance. The performance-factor sequence was much more predominant than the factor-performance sequence. An engineer's performance apparently has pervasive consequences for his social-psychological working environment.
Candidates’ policy platforms and election outcomes: The three faces of policy representation

. Recent empirical studies by Alvarez and Nagler, Erikson and Romero, and others conclude that candidates’ and parties’ policy platforms only modestly affect their electoral support. This suggests that candidates/parties can win elections even when their policies differ sharply from the policy beliefs of the constituencies that elect them. This raises the question: How can voters exercise control over government policies via elections? We report applications to American and French presidential election data that suggest three paradoxical conclusions. On the one hand, we find that presidential candidates can moderate their policies with at most a modest change in vote share, but if they move by the same amount to a more extreme position, they face severe vote losses that could cripple their election prospects. Alternatively, movement by both candidates in the same direction or a policy shift by the voters may have a major effect on the outcome.
The angular momentum-dependence of the nuclear level density

Abstract It is shown that the separation of rotational and thermal excitation of nuclei, which has previously been presented as an approximation, is actually more accurate than several of the forms used to derive the “approximation”. A set of functions to describe the independent-particle model of the nucleus under extreme conditions is derived, and experiments to test the predictions at high angular momentum are suggested. All derivations are based on an independent-particle model of the nucleus. Questions concerning the approximations used are considered.
‘Cytosome’, an addition to the cytoplasmic organelles ofTaphrina maculans Butler

Elektronenoptische Beschreibung von «Cytosomen» in den Zellen vom Typus rot im PilzTaphrina maculans Butler.
Transition probabilities for the B1Σ+u-X1Σ+g band system of H2

Abstract The electronic dipole moment functions of Browne are used in calculations of the individual radiative transition probabilities for all the bands of the Lyman system of molecular hydrogen. The resulting lifetimes of the vibrational levels of the upper electronic state are in harmony with the experimental data of Hesser, and an apparent discrepancy between two experiments is resolved.
Improved Estimation of Induction Motor Circuit Parameters with Published Motor Performance Data

The motor equivalent circuit method provides an effective method to estimate motor efficiency. However, the circuit parameters normally have to be determined through field tests, which are impossible to conduct when systems are in service. Because motor efficiency and power factor data at four load levels under the rated frequency are always published, an iterative method is proposed to identify the circuit parameters using these published data. In this paper, the mathematical relations between the published data and circuit parameters are first formularized, and then the least squares method is utilized to identify the circuit parameters. Finally, the motor performance is simulated with the identified circuit parameters and compared with the published data. The results show that the simulated motor performance matches well with the published data.
Evaluation of arterial wall imaging with 16-slice multi-detector computed tomography

We have characterized the performance of 16-slice cardiac MDCT for assessment of coronary disease burden and lesion composition under optimal conditions. Morphology measurements with MDCT were accurate and reproducible. Detection of lipid-containing regions was possible with sensitivities /spl ges/ 88% and specificity of 96% for regions /spl ges/ 1.5 mm in size with /spl ges/ 30% lipid. Estimation of lipid pool dimension is difficult and lipid pool CT densities cannot be used directly to determine the %lipid content due to noise and blurring. These results represent the best-case performance of MDCT and help to guide interpretation of images obtained in vivo.
Gender and the American Presidency. By Theodore F. Sheckels, Nichola D. Gutgold, and Diana B. Carlin. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2012. 192 pages.

Gender and the American Presidency. By Theodore F. Sheckels, Nichola D. Gutgold, and Diana B. Carlin. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2012. 192 pages. Senator Hillary Clinton's competitive campaign for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination, Governor Sarah Palin's selection as the Republican vice presidential candidate in the same year, and the wins by women in U.S. Senate races that brought the 113th Congress to a record level of 20 women now serving in the Senate have once again brought to the fore questions about women and the American presidency. The U.S. has yet to elect a woman president. In only two elections--1984 and 2008--have women even been on presidential tickets as vice presidential running mates. While progress has been made over the last one hundred years in women's political rights generally, the nation has not reached gender parity in elective representation. In their timely book, Gender and the American Presidency, Theodore F. Sheckels, Nichola D. Gutgold, and Diana B. Carlin examine the biographies and rhetoric of nine prominent, modern-day women to ask a fitting question: "Why not Madam President?" (p. viii). The book's approach is an inductive look at why prominent women have not been given the nod for the presidency and/or presidential tickets. "We chose to proceed as we did based on a hunch that the stories, if told without the lens of current theories about gender and politics firmly in place, might point to some new or differently-cast hypotheses," state the authors (p. viii). After a brief overview of the project, the book presents one chapter for each of the women the authors selected: Nancy Landon Kassebaum, Dianne Feinstein, Barbara Mikulski, Elizabeth Hanford Dole, Nancy Pelosi, Olympia Snowe, Christine Gregoire, Kathleen Gilligan Sebelius, and Linda Lingle. In each chapter, the authors lay out short biographies explaining how these women came to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. Senate, or governorship of their states. The authors then examine each woman's rhetorical style before speculating on why each woman was never chosen for higher office. The book ends with a chapter offering 11 maxims suggesting why a woman has yet to be nominated by her party, let alone to win the presidency. The title of the book should have, perhaps, been Women and the American Presidency rather than Gender and the American Presidency, as it does not examine the backgrounds and rhetoric of high-profile males. The word "gender" implies comparison, which is not the approach here. Rather, Sheckels, Gutgold, and Carlin chose to focus on women only. One limitation of this approach is that any allusions to the women featured in the book as being affected because of gender are speculative. Of the 11 maxims suggested in their conclusion, all but two observations seemingly would apply to both female and male candidates. …
Behavioral toxicity of anesthetic gases

Operating room personnel were studied for evidence of acute reversible or chronic cumulative cognitive dysfunction as measured by psychometric testing. In comparison with matched controls, no acute reversible deficits were noted in a relatively unpolluted operating room environment. There were only 2 marginally significant test differences between the control and operating room groups; however, control subjects did better than operating room personnel on 16 of 18 tests at both the beginning and end of the work week. Analyses of the deficit patterns and correlations with years of operating room exposure only weakly support the hypothesis that the test differences are due to toxic exposure.
Alternative Interpretations of Evidence for Phonemic Recoding in Visual Word Recognitiona

Two groups of 35 paid graduate students were presented nonsense words grouped as (a) orthographically and phonologically illegal and unpronounceable; (b) orthographically and pronologically illegal and pronounceable; and (c) orthographically and phonologically legal. The first group was directed to rate each item for pronounceability. The second group was to guess what each word was before it had been slightly distorted. The results of the first group's ratings appear to indicate that there may be alternatives to a phonemic recoding explanation. The second study indicates that a graphemic encoding explanation may be more appropriate. This study concludes that the coding processes employed may be contingent upon the tasks required in varying situations.
DECOMPOSITION OF RABBIT FECES: ROLE OF THE SCIARID FLY LYCORIELLA MALI (DIPTERA: SCIARIDAE) IN ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

Gross decomposition (wt./cal) losses of rabbit feces colonized by larvae of the sciarid fly Lycoriella mali Fitch as contrasted with feces incubated without fly larvae were studied in the laboratory. Under conditions of high larval density and intense grazing pressure, fecal weight and calorie losses (30 days) were double those from fecal samples incubated without flies. Decomposition losses among the samples in a given treatment showed limited variation although the number of emergent adults varied greatly. Although published caloric values obtained for microflora and flies are significantly higher than those recorded for the rabbit feces used in this study (4837 cal/g), feces colonized by flies and feces incubated without flies had caloric values equivalent to that of the unincubated control. Larvae consumed both the mycelium and sporocarps of coprophilous fungi.
Smoking and Mental Illness — Breaking the Link

Many clinicians see smoking and mental illness as inextricably linked and believe that smoking in the mentally ill is particularly challenging to treat. Such myths have contributed to the devastating consequences of tobacco use in this population.
Further Studies of the Effects of Selenium Poisoning on Hatchability

Abstract MONSTERS in chicks due to the consumption of toxic grains (grains containing selenium) by hens were first reported by Franke and Tully (1935). Since that time three more articles by Tully and Franke (1935), Franke and Tully (1936) and Franke et al (1936) on this same study have been published from this station. These publications have reported the results of experiments which demonstrated that: (a) high chick embryonic mortality in certain localities was due to deformities in the chick embryos; (b) these deformities were caused by the feeding of grains containing selenium to the hens; (c) similar deformities could be produced by injecting inorganic salts of selenium into the air cell of the hens’ eggs before incubation; (d) when normal baby chicks were fed a ration containing 65 percent of toxic grains their growth was inhibited, and the egg production of the pullets was both delayed and decreased. The experiment . . .
EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS OF RESISTANCE AND TOLERANCE TO NATURAL HERBIVORY IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA

Resistance and tolerance are widely viewed as two alternative adaptive responses to herbivory. However, the traits underlying resistance and tolerance remain largely unknown, as does the genetic architecture of herbivory responses and the prevalence of genetic trade-offs. To address these issues, we measured resistance and tolerance to natural apical meristem damage (AMD) by rabbits in a large field experiment with recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Arabidopsis thaliana (developed from a cross between the Columbia x Landsberg erecta ecotypes). We also measured phenological and morphological traits hypothesized to underlie resistance and tolerance to AMD. Recombinant inbred lines differed significantly in resistance (the proportion of replicates within an RIL that resisted herbivory), and early flowering plants with tall apical inflorescences were more likely to experience damage. Tolerance (the difference in fitness between the damaged and undamaged states), also differed significantly among RILs, with some lines overcompensating for damage and producing more fruit in the damaged than undamaged state. Plastic increases in basal branch number, basal branch height, and senescence date in response to damage were all associated with greater tolerance. There was no evidence for a genetic trade-off between resistance and tolerance, an observation consistent with the underlying differences in associated morphological and phenological characters. Selection gradient analysis detected no evidence for direct selection on either resistance or tolerance in this experiment. However, a statistical model indicates that the pattern of selection on resistance depends strongly on the mean level of tolerance, and selection on tolerance depends strongly on the mean level of resistance. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that selection may act to maintain resistance and tolerance at intermediate levels in spatially or temporally varying environments or those with varying herbivore populations.
Adaptive noise cancellation for speech with a TMS32020

The noise cancellation using an adaptive filtering technique for speech signal is experimentally studied with a TMS32020 digital signal processor. The LMS algorithm is employed in the implementation of an adaptive filter due to its simplicity and ease of computation. The TMS32020 digital signal processor is suited for the implementation since it has the capability and features to implement all of the required function with full precision. The transversal filter structure is selected due to its simplicity and ease of coding.
Preliminary studies of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prochlorperazine in healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prochlorperazine were studied in healthy volunteers using a recently developed h.p.l.c. assay. Eight subjects received 12.5 mg and 6.25 mg i.v. doses of prochlorperazine, a 25 mg oral dose and placebo in random order. Plasma half-life (t1/2) of prochlorperazine was 6.8 +/- 0.7 h and 6.9 +/- 0.8 h for the 12.5 mg and 6.25 mg i.v. doses respectively. Apparent volume of distribution and plasma clearance were high and the kinetics did not appear to be dose-related. Absorption of oral prochlorperazine appeared to be slow and bioavailability was very low. A metabolite, possibly prochlorperazine sulphoxide, was noted after oral dosing. Mild sedation was common after i.v. prochlorperazine, but cardiovascular effects were minimal. The main adverse effect was akathisia which was reported by five out of eight subjects after the higher i.v. dose. These results provide preliminary information on the pharmacokinetics of i.v. prochlorperazine which were previously unknown.
Life histories and the evolution of aging in bacteria and other single-celled organisms

The disposable soma theory of aging was developed to explore how differences in lifespans and aging rates could be linked to life history trade-offs. Although generally applied for multicellular organisms, it is also useful for exploring life history strategies of single-celled organisms such as bacteria. Motivated by recent research of aging in E. coli, we explore the effects of aging on the fitness of simple single-celled organisms. Starting from the Euler-Lotka equation, we propose a mathematical model to explore how a finite reproductive lifespan affects fitness and resource allocation in simple organisms. This model provides quantitative predictions that have the potential for direct comparison with experiment, providing an opportunity to test the disposable soma theory more directly.
Novel 3D memory-centric NoC architecture for transaction-based SoC applications

Large and complex system-on-chip devices consisting of many processor cores, accelerators, DSP functions and many other processing and memory elements are becoming common in the semiconductor industry nowadays. To communicate, these processing and memory elements need to have a network-on-chip (NoC) that is scalable enough to support large number of elements and large bandwidth among other requirements. This paper evaluates the performance of the 2D memory-centric NoC architecture from throughput and latency perspective versus the Mesh topology. We also propose a memory-centric architecture that takes advantage of developments in 3D integration technologies. The advantages of 3D memory-centric NoCs from physical design, performance and manufacturing points of view are discussed. The proposed architecture is based on a shared-memory pool that is suitable for transaction-based applications. Also, as the crossbar is a critical component in the memory-shared NoC, special 3D crossbar architecture has been proposed.
Automatic Thread Extraction with Decoupled Software Pipelining

Until recently, a steadily rising clock rate and other uniprocessor microarchitectural improvements could be relied upon to consistently deliver increasing performance for a wide range of applications. Current difficulties in maintaining this trend have lead microprocessor manufacturers to add value by incorporating multiple processors on a chip. Unfortunately, since decades of compiler research have not succeeded in delivering automatic threading for prevalent code properties, this approach demonstrates no improvement for a large class of existing codes. To find useful work for chip multiprocessors, we propose an automatic approach to thread extraction, called Decoupled Software Pipelining (DSWP). DSWP exploits the finegrained pipeline parallelism lurking in most applications to extract long-running, concurrently executing threads. Use of the non-speculative and truly decoupled threads produced by DSWP can increase execution efficiency and provide significant latency tolerance, mitigating design complexity by reducing inter-core communication and per-core resource requirements. Using our initial fully automatic compiler implementation and a validated processor model, we prove the concept by demonstrating significant gains for dual-core chip multiprocessor models running a variety of codes. We then explore simple opportunities missed by our initial compiler implementation which suggest a promising future for this approach.
What Does Reporting Reputation Buy in the Options Market? The Effect of Reporting Streaks on Ex-Ante Uncertainty

This paper predicts and finds that investor ex ante uncertainty is decreasing in a firm’s reporting reputation. Our two primary proxies for investor uncertainty are model-free implied volatilities and the variance risk premium, both with maturities that surround a key disclosure event: an impending quarterly earnings announcement. Our experimental construct of reporting reputation reflects manager/firm ability to achieve expected earnings targets, empirically measured as the number of consecutive quarters the firm meets or beats the consensus analyst forecast (i.e., “reporting streak”). We document that both measures of uncertainty are decreasing in the length of the reporting streak. We interpret this as consistent with investor learning, under which investors appear to condition the expected price effects (and related compensation to provide price protection) surrounding a major future signal release upon the firm’s historical tendency to deliver anticipated performance.
New Housing Market Performance in Bogotá 1992-2004

This article analyses the series of prices for new housing in Bogota, considering this market's spatial nature. A spatialized database was thus constructed which included more than 17,000 records and led to obtaining information about prices and constructed areas from May 1992 to April 2004.These series were used for establishing a close statistical relationship between the housing units' price per square metre and their constructed area; however, a clear relationship regarding causality was not evident.
The Liberating and Constraining Aspects of Self: Why the Freed Bird Finds a New Cage

Although humans have much more in common with other species than most of us realize or would care to admit, only humans have an abstract conception of who they are and how they fit into the ultimate scheme of things (see e.g., Erchak, 1992). The existence of an abstract conception of self has enormous implications for every aspect of human existence. However, if humans are indeed unique in their capacity for selfrepresentation, it follows that the existence of a self-concept is not essential for survival. Other species are able to get through life without the many layers of meaning that humans attach to themselves; (1976) has even argued that the self is a relatively recent human adaptation and that our species existed for thousands of years in a radically different and “self-less” mental state. Why, then, do we have a self? What is a self and what functions does it serve? In this chapter, we examine these issues and consider their implications for understanding the role played by the self in human behavior.
No longer jocks versus nerds: Views on rural and suburban positive youth development (PYD) and school climate

School climate plays a critical role in nurturing PYD and safe, positive schools (Lindstrom-Johnson et al., 2011). The purpose of this study was to gauge high school decision-makers' awareness, beliefs, and program ideas regarding school climate, bullying, and PYD. Participants included athletic directors, school counsellors, and safe-schools officials from three West Virginia counties representing five high schools. Nine staff participated in the hour-long semi-structured interviews, producing nearly 200 transcribed pages. Participants were typically white (n = 8) and male (n = 7), and their students were estimated to be mostly white (typically over 90%). Two pilot interviews were conducted and member check procedures were utilized after the analysis (Patton, 2014). Interviews were transcribed verbatim by one of the coders, and proof read against the audio recording by the second coder. Open codes were identified independently before reaching consensus, then arranged thematically by the two coders and primary investigator (Miles, Huberman, & SaldaA±a, 2014). Results described Students, Programs, and Bullying in their schools. Participants believed that it was very difficult to label students as belong to a single clique because students are involved in many groups and have friends in other groupsâ€”there are rarely/few 'Jocks' who only participate in sport. That said, students who participate in sport are highly influential (along with 'High-Academics'). Participants described formal programs and informal factors (e.g., peer mentoring, positive environment, etc.). Frequency of bullying, attitudes towards it, and who is involved were also described. The discussion will address how the results affect the implementation of PYD programs in Northern-West Virginia schools.Acknowledgments: Funding for this study was provided by the Association for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP) and from the College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences at WVU.
Reaction of an Aspergillus polysaccharide with Cryptococcus capsules and various acidic polysaccharides.

SummaryWhen polygalactosamine (APS) produced by Aspergillus parasiticus was mixed with cells of Cryptococcus neoformans it produced a “capsular reaction” and agglutination similar to that caused by specific antibody. The positively charged APS molecule also caused precipitation of various negatively charged (acidic) polysaccharides including gum acacia and capsular polysaccharides of C. neoformans and pneumococcus. Dextran was not precipitated by APS.
Excited State Absorption in Dendrimers Incorporating Diphenylaminodiphenylpolyene Moieties Via Photo-Induced Electron Transfer

During the past decade there has been considerable progress in the design of new organic materials for optical power limiting (OPL) applications. Among the more promising of the new material approaches are reverse saturable absorbers (RSAs) which derive their optical limiting capability from the photogeneration of highly absorbing transient excited states. Most of the previous research in this field has focused on excited state absorption from singlet or triplet states whose cross-sections are greater than the original S0 - S1 transition- However, other transient states, such as polaronic radical ions or bipolaronic diions, formed by photo-induced electron transfer, are attractive alternatives. We have initiated studies to determine if these transient charge states can be photo-generated efficiently, and if their excited states absorption and lifetimes are acceptable for current optical power limiting requirements.
The Understandability of Legal Documents: Are they Adequate?

Citizens are frequently asked to make commitments by signing contracts and legal documents that frequently contain phraseology and jargon (sometimes called legalese) that highly-educated citizens often do not understand. In recent years, human factors professionals have become intimately concerned with the design of product-related documentation and safety communications (e.g., warnings), and through research have offered ways to improve these materials. However, there is apparently no human factors research on the design and evaluation of legal contracts and other similar documents. The purpose of the present research was to begin to assess some of the factors related to people's reading and understanding of legal documents. Study 1 examined the types of legal documents that people sign, how often they sign them, how carefully they read them, and whether they understand them. Ninety-two individuals were asked to complete a survey addressing these issues. While it was reported that the contracts were read...
Seal evolution characteristics of overpressured mudstone and its seal efficiency

Based on the study of development characteristics of overpressured mudstone caprock of K1qn mudstone in Wangjiatun gas field of Songliao Basin, the evolution of overpressure of K1qn mudstone in different wells was studied. Only mudstone caprock of K1qn in well Sheng 65 has been broken and overpressure has been released. Thus the first evolution was completed and the second evolution began. Mudstone caprock of K1qn in other wells has not been broken and overpressure remained unreleased, its evolution is in the first evolution stage. Based on this, the seal evolution characteristics of overpressured mudstone caprock of K1qn in Wangjiatun gas field was studied. It was considered that except the seal ability of ovepressured mudstone of K1qn in well Sheng 65 decreased in the middle of K1n4 sedimentary period, the seal ability of overpressured mudstone of K1qn in other wells increased since overpressure formed. There are strong seal ability of overpressured mudstone caprock of K1qn in all wells now. By the study of the relation between seal formation and evolution of overpresssured mudstone caprock of K1qn and expulsion gas period of K1sh soucerock in Wangjiatun gas field, it was considered that the seal formation period of overpressured mudstone caprock is much later than the period that a lot of gas was expelled from K1sh sourcerock ln Wangjiatun gas field, which made a lot of gas expel from K1sh sourcerock lose. If gas is lost in the middle of K1n4 sedimentary period because overpressure was released, it is one of important cause that a middle gas field was only formed in Wangjiatun though there is a strong seal ability in overpressured mudstone caprock of K1qn.
Contemporary teaching strategies of exemplary community preceptors— is technology helping?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Many schools rely upon community preceptors for office-based education of medical students. These preceptors struggle to balance clinical care with the learning needs of students. We aim to gain a deeper understanding of the teaching rewards and challenges of current community preceptors. METHODS Five schools' family medicine clerkship directors conducted in-depth interviews of two exemplary preceptors at each of their programs. Following qualitative analysis of the interviews, three directors conducted one focus group at their school. The individual and group interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using grounded theory. RESULTS Exemplary community preceptors described strategies to improve the learning environment and specific teaching approaches. Well-known teaching strategies such as role modeling, adjusting instruction to the learner's needs, and selecting patients appropriate for a specific student were used. They also described newer techniques such as co-learning and integrating technology, for example, accessing online, current practice guidelines together with the student. They detailed challenges to teaching, including time constraints and too much content to cover and provided advice about teaching tools. CONCLUSIONS While challenged by clinical demands, preceptors enjoyed teaching and found it rewarding. They used time-proven teaching strategies as well as technology and online resources to facilitate ambulatory teaching. Community preceptors continue to struggle to integrate learners and the priorities of the medical school curriculum into the clinical environment. Further development of electronic tools and other resources to support the teaching needs of preceptors may contribute to learning and help minimize preceptor burden.
Seventeenth Century Seri

ABSTRACTThe Seri Indians, who today inhabit Tiburon Island and adjacent mainland Sonora, were first met by Spaniards in the sixteenth century. Contacts increased in the following century which eventually led to the founding of the first Seri mission at Nuestra Senora del Populo. The present paper recounts events of Seri history through the first years of mission life as indicated in various documentary sources.
The Production of Pyrethrins by Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trev) Bocc.

The genus Chrysanthemum in the Compositae includes over 200 species, of which a very few are known for their insecticidal activity. The term “pyrethrum flower” refers most often to the perenial Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trev) Bocc, which is the commercially important species for Pyrethrins, and occasionally to C. coccineum Willd. (garden pyrethrum) and C. marschalli Aschers. The annual garden chrysanthemums (C. morifolium Ramat.) do not contain Pyrethrins. Pyrethrins have been reported present in the tissue cultures of the Compositae plant Tagetes erecta L. and T. minuta [1, 2].
Letter by Jazayeri et al Regarding Article, "Severe Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Resulting From Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Presentation, Management, and Clinical Outcomes".

We read with great interest the article by Fender et al.1 Severe pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis is a major complication of catheter ablation, which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Its nonspecific symptoms and delayed onset from the time of ablation underscore the importance of a high index of suspicion for successful diagnosis and prompt management. The authors describe their approach to diagnosis using dedicated contrast computer tomography (CT) timed for optimal PV enhancement, noting a high concordance with ventilation-perfusion scan findings and superior spatial resolution compared with magnetic resonance imaging.2 However, given the inherent anatomic variability and lack of a standardized approach …
Modification of the host epigenome by parasitic protists

Protozoan parasites compose a large group of ubiquitous unicellular eukaryotic organisms that closely interact with, and frequently reside within, a larger host. These parasitic protists rely on their host for nutrients, energy, and biomaterials. The host–parasite interaction is complex, as parasites strive to achieve a delicate balance of survival and replication without inducing host death. The host, in turn, tries to protect itself by various means including activation of death pathways in order to limit parasite spread. Therefore, successful parasites have developed highly evolved tactics in order to avoid host immune recognition and intracellular killing and subvert the host to their needs. To this end, various mechanisms of hijacking of host processes via parasite-derived or secreted effectors have been described. It has recently come to light that parasites also induce alterations to the host epigenomic landscape. Changes in host DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, nucleosome positioning, chromatin assembly, and regulation of transcription have been noted in the parasitized host. To date, only a few parasite-derived effectors have been shown to directly modify host chromatin, and it remains to be elucidated whether parasite-induced alterations to the host epigenomic landscape are brought on specifically by parasites or are due to the host response. Finally, while various parasites target different components of host epigenomic landscape, common themes in subversion of host pathways and process emerge. We aim to review what is known about parasite modulation of host epigenome and touch on some conserved themes in this host–parasite interplay.
Funnel control of higher relative degree systems

We propose a new algorithm for controlling the transient behavior of the tracking error for higher relative degree systems. When considering problems of tracking, controlling the transient behavior of the error is more important when compared to its derivatives. We introduce a concept of virtual output, which converts an arbitrary relative degree system into a relative degree one system. The virtual output is chosen in such a way that the tracking error approaches it from the initial time and the difference between the virtual output and the tracking error can be made arbitrarily small. Assuming that the state derivatives are not available for feedback we use a high-gain observer to estimate the derivatives and construct the virtual output. By designing a performance funnel for the virtual output we are able to make the error evolve within the funnel.
Recovering Shared Objects Without Stable Storage

This paper considers the problem of building fault-tolerant shared objects when processes can crash and recover but lose their persistent state on recovery. This Diskless Crash-Recovery (DCR) model matches the way many long-lived systems are built. We show that it presents new challenges, as operations that are recorded at a quorum may not persist after some of the processes in that quorum crash and then recover. To address this problem, we introduce the notion of crash-consistent quorums, where no recoveries happen during the quorum responses. We show that relying on crash-consistent quorums enables a recovery procedure that can recover all operations that successfully finished. Crash-consistent quorums can be easily identified using a mechanism we term the crash vector, which tracks the causal relationship between crashes, recoveries, and other operations. We apply crash-consistent quorums and crash vectors to build two storage primitives. We give a new algorithm for multi-writer, multi-reader atomic registers in the DCR model that guarantees safety under all conditions and termination under a natural condition. It improves on the best prior protocol for this problem by requiring fewer rounds, fewer nodes to participate in the quorum, and a less restrictive liveness condition. We also present a more efficient single-writer, single-reader atomic set - a virtual stable storage abstraction. It can be used to lift any existing algorithm from the traditional Crash-Recovery model to the DCR model. We examine a specific application, state machine replication, and show that existing diskless protocols can violate their correctness guarantees, while ours offers a general and correct solution.
Science-aware exploration using entropy-based planning

Efficient exploration of unknown terrains by extraterrestrial rovers requires the development of strategies that reduce the entropy in the geological classification of a given terrain. Without such intelligent strategies, teleoperation of the rover is reliant either on human intuition or on the exhaustive exploration of the entire terrain. This paper highlights the use of low-resolution reconnaissance using satellite imagery to generate plans for rovers that reduce the overall uncertainty in the various geological classes. This becomes pivotal when exploration to collect diverse samples is resource constrained through exploration budgets and transmission bandwidths. We put forward two major contributions — a science-aware planner that uses information gain and a novel method of estimating this information gain. We propose an exploration strategy, based on the Multi-Heuristic A∗, to solve the trade-off between optimizing path lengths and geological exploration through Pareto-optimal solutions. We show that our algorithm, which explicitly uses projected entropy-reduction in planning, significantly outperforms science-agnostic approaches and other science-aware strategies like greedy best-first searches. We further propose a feature-space based entropy formulation in contrast to the frequently used differential entropy formulation and show superior results when reconstructing the unsampled data from the set of sampled points.
Miniaturized evanescent-mode cavity SIW bandpass filter with spurious suppression

A compact evanescent-mode cavity SIW band-pass filter with a wide stopband is presented. To achieve a smaller profile, resonators are required to be highly loaded. However, the spurious responses become closer to the main passband when the loading is accomplished radially. Lumped element capacitive loading along the post axis is used to suppress the spurious responses. Axial loading, compared to radial loading, changes the configuration of the higher resonance modes and pushes them to higher frequencies. As a proof of concept, two second-order prototype bandpass filters with axial and radial capacitive loading are fabricated and measured. Measurements are in good agreement with simulations and demonstrate the validity of the proposed technique.
An Intercolonial Preferential Experiment

The skillful policy of Sir Wilfred Laurier, the discussions of the colonial conferences, the propaganda of Mr. Chamberlain, and the activities of the colonial legislatures have served to bring the subject of preferential trade most prominently before the attention of the British public. Unfortunately the consideration of the question has been almost exclusively of a partisan character, the merit or expediency of the policy being lost sight of amid the stress of national political issues. The question, however, is one which readily admits of scientific economic treatment, since the history of imperial relations, and more especially the reciprocal economic policies of the several groups of colonies offer abundant material for an impartial historical and political investigation. The preferential program is not new or experimental; it has been tried both as an imperial and intercolonial policy by imperial and colonial governments alike. The Canadian, Australian and South African colonies have all attempted to work out within their several groups a more perfect political organization through some system of commercial cooperation or fiscal preference. The experience of the Australian group is especially valuable and instructive to the student of imperial politics, on account of the favorable conditions under which the experiment was made. On the one hand, the isolation and the geographical unity of the colonies, the uniformity of their legal systems and political institutions, and above all the racial, social and religious unity of the inhabitants combined to weld the colonies into an organic whole; on the other hand, the diversity of economic life, the natural independence of the colonies, thanks to an open sea-board, the irreconcilable differences in their fiscal systems, the ambitions of local politicians, the jealousies of competing cities, and the selfishness of particularistic interests impelled each state to maintain a separate existence, and to pursue a course of free and independent action.
The Acquisition of Market Power: Random Trading Strategies and Price Dynamics

The preceding chapter examines how a trader would exercise market power during the delivery period, and derives the empirical and welfare effects of such conduct. That analysis begs a very important question. Namely, how can a trader acquire a futures position large enough to confer market power on him from shorts alive to the possibility of a squeeze? Put differently, why would shorts sell the rope by which they are hanged? Moreover, although the analysis of Chapter 2 describes the effects of market power on prices and quantities, it alone is not sufficient to determine how frequently market power is exercised. It also fails to show how market participants form expectations concerning the frequency and severity of manipulation and how these expectations affect prices prior to the delivery period. A complete analysis of the causes and effects of market power manipulation requires a thorough study of these issues. The present chapter undertakes this analysis.
CD30+ Cutaneous Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Pseudolymphomas

CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases (CD30CLPD) comprise a spectrum ranging from clinically benign lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) to primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL). Between ends of the spectrum are borderline cases not readily assigned to LyP or ALCL. Overall survival and disease-related survival for these disorders are excellent. However, LyP patients have a risk of developing a malignant lymphoma (usually mycosis fungoides, ALCL, or Hodgkin lymphoma). LyP and associated T-cell lymphomas are often clonally related. Fortunately, the risk of LyP patients developing a fatal extracutaneous lymphoma is less than 5 %. LyP patients also are at increased risk of developing a nonlymphoid malignancy. LyP lesions vary greatly in histology according to the age of the lesion. Five different histologic types are described. All but type B feature CD30+ cells. Skin conditions containing CD30+ cells must be distinguished from LyP. LyP resembles pityriasis lichenoides clinically but can be distinguished by combined histopathologic and immunohistochemical features. Primary cutaneous ALCL can be distinguished from secondary skin lesions of systemic ALCL by expression of CLA and lack of EMA and ALK.
Electron-Spin-Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy of Polymers

The basis of ESR spectroscopy is absorption of electromagnetic radiation by unpaired electrons in a magnetic field 1,5–9). Unpaired electrons are characterised by an angular momentum, the “spin”, which is connected with a magnetic moment (Chap. 8). This magnetic moment is influenced by external magnetic fields in such a way that two orientations of different energy are formed [Eq. (9.1) and Fig. 9.1].
Strengths and weaknesses in butterflyfish research: concluding remarks

In the last decade we have witnessed a vast increase in the number of scientific publications dealing with the chaetodontid butterflyfishes. Initially this research was primarily centered on their ecology and behavior but more recently the interests have broadened, as exemplified by this symposium. The interest in the group may be due to their conspicuousness, intriguing social behavior, cicumtropical distribution, and the fact that they are one if not the most important fish predator on corals. With isolated groups of researchers scattered throughout the world interest was expressed in trying to get many of those involved together.
Transcending the Visual: Listening to Leonardo

The first thing I must say to this audience is that I am not and never have been a philosopher. I owe my presence here to Professor Tymieniecka, and if you know the way she gardens, you’ll understand. She will not pull all the weeds out, but lets some stay year after year, hoping perhaps that they will amount to something. This is not to say that I have not found her soil conducive to my growth. You see, I am a student of Leonardo da Vinci and we Leonardisti are an obsessive lot, concerned with the many problems of our scholarship. We tend to be hothouse plants. In Professor Tymieniecka’s garden, however, there is a great differentiation of species, even a cross-fertilization of fields. Her questions take me into the open, clear the heavy air of historical accounting from my lungs, and let my mind range free. I can find Leonardo anew and see the work of my colleagues in a new light.