cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Method for Precise Placement of Hose Models

A method is presented for precise mounting of a hose model with any specified twist. Once mounting points and directions are specified, a hose of a specified length can be developed using discrete beams. A divide and conquer approach is employed to position, orient, decouple the free end of the hose model in a twist free state that is then twisted to a specified angle. The development of the kinematic elements necessary to do this is presented. Some Cosserat models have been shown to branch into multiple solutions while the method presented here has always converged to the minimum energy solution. The method for linking the hose model to other linkages is discussed as well one common error committed by users in implementing the link. In order to model the torsional properties of the hose, the torsional stiffness must be modified. A method for doing this using digital scans is discussed. Failure to consider preset and hysteresis of the hoses can cause considerable error in predicting interference as is demonstrated. Simply taking the mount orientations out of a common plane can cause significant stress to build up in the model from torsional coupling during a simple linear translation.
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Freezing and Thawing of Foods: Ice Content and Mollier Diagram

On the basis of the freezing point depression equation, an ice content equation was derived. The required parameters are similar to equations for enthalpy and apparent specific heat previously developed. Validity and accuracy of the equation are demonstrated with experimental data for meat, fish and fruit juices. Cohesive data for enthalpy, apparent specific heat and ice content are calculated for a wide range of temperatures between 20 and -40°C. The calculated results are consistent with values obtainable through enthalpy-moisture content-temperature (Mollier) diagrams developed by Riedel.
Neptune's atmosphere: The source of the thermal inversion

Abstract We present variable-flux models for Neptune's atmosphere which are constrained to fit recent infrared brightness temperature measurements. These models have an inversion much lower (⩽0.2 atm) than that inferred from the occultation observation. Our calculations indicate that the most probable energy source for the inversion is absorption of sunlight by methane, whose abundance ratio to hydrogen is several times the solar value. We conclude that Neptune must have a significant internal heat source because solar-heated models require methane to be super-saturated by an unrealistically large factor.
Region-of-Interest Micro-Angiographic Fluoroscope Detector Used in Aneurysm and Artery Stenosis Diagnoses and Treatment.

Due to the need for high-resolution angiographic and interventional vascular imaging, a Micro-Angiographic Fluoroscope (MAF) detector with a Control, Acquisition, Processing, and Image Display System (CAPIDS) was installed on a detector changer, which was attached to the C-arm of a clinical angiographic unit at a local hospital. The MAF detector provides high-resolution, high-sensitivity, and real-time imaging capabilities and consists of a 300 μm thick CsI phosphor, a dual stage micro-channel plate light image intensifier (LII) coupled to a fiber optic taper (FOT), and a scientific grade frame-transfer CCD camera, providing an image matrix of 1024×1024 35 μm effective square pixels with 12 bit depth. The changer allows the MAF region-of-interest (ROI) detector to be inserted in front of the Image Intensifier (II) when higher resolution is needed during angiographic or interventional vascular imaging procedures, e.g. endovascular stent deployment. The CAPIDS was developed and implemented using Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) software and provides a user-friendly interface that enables control of several clinical radiographic imaging modes of the MAF including: fluoroscopy, roadmapping, radiography, and digital-subtraction-angiography (DSA). The total system has been used for image guidance during endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGI) for diagnosing and treating artery stenoses and aneurysms using self-expanding endovascular stents and coils in fifteen patient cases, which have demonstrated benefits of using the ROI detector. The visualization of the fine detail of the endovascular devices and the vessels generally gave the clinicians confidence on performing neurovascular interventions and in some instances contributed to improved interventions.
An essay on organizational citizenship behavior.

This article advocates a more comprehensive understanding of job performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) than that employed by earlier researchers on those topics. Using the intellectual heritage of the word “citizenship” from political philosophy and related disciplines, OCB is positioned as the organizational equivalent of citizen responsibilities, of which there are three categories: obedience, loyalty, and political participation. Two other key citizenship concepts, relational ties and citizen rights, are described, and a set of ten research propositions is offered relating the citizenship concepts to one another. Suggestions for other areas of investigation are also provided. Finally, the advantages of using OCB as a global measure of individual behavior at work are defended.
Promiscuous recognition of major histocompatibility complex class II determinants in cyclosporine-induced syngeneic graft-versus-host disease: specificity of cytolytic effector T cells.

Background. Administration of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine after syngeneic/autologous bone marrow transplantation paradoxically elicits a systemic autoimmune syndrome resembling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This syndrome, termed autologous or syngeneic GVHD, is associated with the development of a highly restricted repertoire of cytolytic T lymphocytes that promiscuously recognizes major histocompatibility complex class II determinants, including self. Methods. Vβ8.5+CD8+ effector lymphocytes and T-cell clones were isolated from Lewis rats with cylosporine-induced syngeneic GVHD. The specificity of the effector T cells and T-cell clones was examined in vitro. The pathogenicity of the T-cell clones was confirmed in vivo using a local graft-versus-host reaction assay. Results. Clonal analysis reveals that the pathogenic effector T cells recognize a peptide from the invariant chain termed CLIP in association with major histocompatibility complex class II determinants. Moreover, there appears to be an additional interaction between the N-terminal flanking region of CLIP and the Vβ segment of the T cell receptor. Conclusion. The results suggest that recognition of this highly conserved peptide along with the additional interaction between the flanking region and the T cell receptor may account for the promiscuous activity of the autologous/syngeneic GVHD autoreactive T cells.
Observations of blazars with the Whipple Observatory gamma-ray telescope

Abstract The detection of the AGN Markarian 421 by the Whipple Observatory γ-ray telescope and subsequent discovery of a TeV flare from this same source initiated the new field of extragalactic “TeV astronomy”. The Whipple telescope has now observed γ-ray emission at E >300 GeV from the BL Lac objects Mrk 421, Mrk 501 and 1ES2344+514. Here we give a review of the status of Whipple observations including measurements of rapid (sub hour-scale) γ-ray variability at very high energies; observations of correlated variability in γ-ray, X-ray, UV and optical wavebands; and measurements of the γ-ray spectra of AGNs. These results are used to derive constraints on the physical conditions in the blazar jets, the emission mechanism and the level of the diffuse extragalactic IR radiation.
Vitamin E Improves the Action of Insulin

Vitamin E supplementation for four months produced a significant improvement in glucose utilization and hepatic response to insulin in normal and diabetic subjects.
Ethical issues in research and innovative therapy in children with mood disorders

Research involving children with mood disorders should generally offer a reasonable prospect of benefit to those involved, unless the risks are minimal. While federal regulations require a prospect of direct benefit, from an ethical perspective indirect benefits, such as the advantages of being in a clinical trial, are relevant. Standard care should not be presumed to be preferable to treatment in the context of a clinical trial, particularly if it has not been evaluated in well designed studies involving groups comparable to the patient. Similarly, active treatments in a controlled trial should not be presumed to be preferable to placebos, particularly in studies involving mood disorders where the placebo effect is more likely to be substantial. Innovative therapy-using approved drugs for unapproved purposes-may be more problematic than research, on theoretical and empirical grounds. Studies with no prospect of direct benefit and more than minimal risk are problematic when the patient is incompetent to provide meaningful consent. Whether or not a controlled trial involving children with mood disorders can be ethically justified depends on several factors, including the validity of standard treatment, the seriousness of the disorder, the likelihood of adverse consequences if treatment is delayed, the burden of the proposed intervention, and value judgments by parents, working collaboratively with a caring physician.
Comparative characterization of cultures of primary human macrophages or dendritic cells relevant to biomaterial studies.

Macrophages are central mediators of biomaterial-associated wound healing. Dendritic cells (DCs) link innate and adaptive immunity and are important in the context of the host response to combination products. Starting with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), DCs were derived from monocytes upon culture with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4; macrophages were derived from monocytes upon culture without cytokines. Macrophage or DC cultures were characterized at relevant timepoints in both adherent and nonadherent fractions on control Primaria™ surfaces to characterize and define these inflammatory/immune cells as a prequel to their use in in vitro test biomaterial-host response studies. At day 10 (typical time for harvesting macrophages for subsequent treatment with test biomaterials), macrophages were CD11c+, macrophage mannose receptor (MMR)+, CD14+, and CD64+. At day 6 (typical time for harvesting of DCs after 24-h treatment with test biomaterials), DCs were CD1c+, CD11c+, CD123+, MMR+, CD14+, and CD64−. Furthermore, CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD19+ and CD24+ B lymphocytes were present in both cultures at all timepoints, although to different extents. Immature DCs (∼15 μm), were rounded but presented extensive dendritic processes upon maturation with lipopolysaccharide. Alternatively, adherent macrophages (∼15–20 μm) displayed internalized lipids and exhibited few membrane processes. The characterization and comparison of existing techniques to establish reliable, reproducible primary cultures of DCs or macrophages provides an important basis for examining and interpreting complex macrophage/DC-lymphocyte-orchestrated host responses in future studies with equivalent cell populations on test biomaterials. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Crane Response in 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake

Many cranes were damaged in the Kobe docks in the January 1995 earthquake. In particular, repeated impact marks on the concrete pavement of the wharf indicated that one crane rocked on its wheels, at the same time as the earthquake shaking and the pressure of liquefied backfill was pushing out the sea wall caissons and attached front rail. Analysis of the crane motion was performed to provide a time scale for dock movement, and in addition supplied interesting information on the crane's response.
On the Unresolved Fine Structures of the Solar Atmosphere. III. Elemental Abundances Consideration

Results from high-quality solar upper atmosphere observations in the 104-106 K range contradict predictions made by models that assume that a single class of structures stretching throughout the entire temperature domain, from the cold chromosphere to the hot corona, is responsible for all the radiation we see. As a result, I proposed that new types of structures—the unresolved fine structures (UFSs)—are responsible for most of the detected emission in the 3 × 106 ≤ Te ≤ 8 × 106 K. In a recent paper Wikstol, Judge, & Hansteen challenged the presence of UFSs by claiming that the interpretation of the data in terms of UFSs is not unique and is likely to be incorrect in the presence of plasmas with unresolved dynamics. Further, they claim that most or all of the evidence that was brought in support of the UFSs is amenable to a different, equally reasonable interpretation in which the transition region emission is at all times formed in the time-varying thermal interface between the corona and chromosphere. In this paper I discuss some of the assertions made by Wikstol and collaborators. I also bring evidence from elemental abundance studies that would be difficult to support with the Wikstol model. In contrast, the existence of UFSs is not contradicted by any of the new observations.
An introduction to nonlinear programming. IV - Numerical methods for constrained minimization

An overview is presented of the numerical solution of constrained minimization problems. Attention is given to both primal and indirect (linear programs and unconstrained minimizations) methods of solution.
Detecting submaximal efforts in grip strength testing with the coefficient of variation

The use of the coefficient of variation (CV) to determine level of effort in grip strength testing was examined empirically. Twenty-nine asymptomatic subjects participated in two conditions of testing: 100% effort and 50% effort. Order of conditions was counterbalanced and each subject was run in both conditions twice in the same order in order to assess the stability of the method. The number of trials (grasps) per condition was three for a total of 12 grasps for the study. The submaximal (50%) effort condition showed significantly more variability than the maximal effort condition in both sets of conditions (p<.01). Intra-class correlation coefficients were very low for both maximal effort and submaximal efforts (.036 and .025) indicating very low stability for the coefficient of variation. Classification rates were also found to have unacceptably large errors with 69% of the submaximal efforts being classified as maximal with the traditional 15% CV cutoff and 55% misclassification of submaximal efforts with an optimized 11% CV cutoff. It was concluded that the currently practiced method of using a low number of repetitions to calculate the CV may result in very unstable measures. Furthermore the “false negative” rate in using this method is unacceptably high for practical application. The implications of using the method and suggestions for improvement are discussed.
Interaction Between an Anionic and an Amphoteric Surfactant. Part II: Precipitation

Use of amphoteric and anionic surfactants is very common in practical formulations such as shampoos and hand dishwashing products. Precipitation of mixtures of dimethyldodecylamine oxide (DDAO) as an amphoteric surfactant and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an anionic surfactant were studied at different pH levels. The DDAO is a pH-sensitive surfactant and its protonation can be expressed in terms of a pKa similar to an acid dissociation constant. The protonated form of DDAO carries a positive charge and precipitates with the oppositely charged SDS. Therefore, precipitation phase boundaries are pH dependent due to the varying degree of DDAO protonation. By combining the use of regular solution theory and the pseudophase separation model to describe micellar mixing nonidealities with the precipitate solubility product constant and the protonation dissociation constant, a model to predict the precipitation phase boundary is presented here. The model agrees well with experimental phase boundaries at different pH levels.
WORKING IN “HIGH-TECH”: RESEARCH ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGIST*

This article outlines some issues concerning the organization of work in the new “high technology” industries. High technology industries are defined as industries involved in the manufacture of electronic information processing machinery and related products. Two central tensions are key to understanding work in the new high technology industries. First, a limited reduction in the prevalance of repetitive tasks is counterbalanced by increasing isolation of workers due to semi-automated production processes. This tension may be mediated by intentional efforts on the part of unions and/or management to recreate meaningful work environments. Second, potential empowerment arising from the creation of new job related skills is frequently offset by continuing high unemployment in the broader labor market that is to some extent a result of the very success of high technology production tcchniques. Difficulties in realizing potential aspects of empowerment may be further amplified by large-scale utilization of female and minority labor in high technology industries in the West and Southwest. Research techniques of addressing these issues are also surveyed and evaluated.
Dynamic asset pricing and statistical properties of risk

Within the framework of the conditional Arbritage Pricing Theory, estimators of conditional risk are not unique. We focus on an estimator of conditional risk based on the conditional volatility of the asset return. Estimates of conditional risk account for: 1) interdependence of conditional and unconditional moments of the asset return; 2) effect of the conditional and unconditional fourth moments of the asset return; and 3) force of the conditional volatility process, such that, assets with forceful conditional volatility specifications are empirically riskier, ceteris paribus. This is in contrast to the unconditional theory, where unconditional risk is the unconditional covariance of the asset return with a benchmark portfolio.
Family Serial Arguments: Beliefs about the Argument and Perceived Stress from the Argument

One hundred seventeen college students recalled a serial argument with a family member. The type of serial argument (whether a public- or personal-issue argument, Johnson, 2002) and level of argumentativeness predicted beliefs about family serial arguments. Whether the serial argument was believed to be ego-involving, enjoyable, or related to dysfunctional outcomes predicted the level of personal harm (stress and stress-related symptoms) related to the argument.
Artistic activities and cultural activism as responses to HIV/AIDS in Harare, Zimbabwe

Over the last two decades both the number and types of civil-society-led organisations involved in addressing HIV and AIDS have increased dramatically. In many cases, the work undertaken is thoughtfully researched, appropriately focused, and as a result produces positive outcomes. Yet questions can be raised about what civil society engagements involve, particularly at a micro level. An important element concerns the role of the arts in efforts to understand and address HIV and AIDS. This article examines ways that insight, analysis, and action around HIV and AIDS have unfolded through the purview of artistic activities undertaken by cultural activists in Harare, Zimbabwe — that is, arts-oriented engagements occurring beyond the boundaries of formally structured organisations. Artistic expressions, which often concern lived experiences, make clear the complex circumstances surrounding HIV and AIDS, and at the same time seek to act upon those circumstances. Understanding and addressing HIV and AIDS requires more than one form of knowledge. Drawing on data from 21 months of ethnographic research in Harare, I examine artistic expressions as legitimate forms of knowledge and as strategies for intervention. Keywords: AIDS service organisations; knowledge production; language use; performance arts; poetry; southern Africa; subjectivity African Journal of AIDS Research 2009, 8(4): 481–490
Mixed Volume Computation for Semi-Mixed Systems

Abstract. The Li—Li algorithm produced in [11] for the mixed volume computation of fully mixed polynomial systems is reconstructed in this article for general semi-mixed polynomial systems. Taking the special structure of the semi-mixed supports of the systems into account, the resulting algorithm, illustrated by numerical results, can dramatically speed up the mixed volume computation, especially when the systems are unmixed. Even when applied to fully mixed systems, the new algorithm improves the speed of the Li—Li algorithm by a considerable amount.
Microwave FET's - What's Next?

Over the last decade, GaAs FET's have made dramatic advances in low-noise and efficient power amplification. These advances are highlighted and possible pathways for future developments are shown. Looking further ahead, it is important to realize that GaAs technology holds the key to microwave monolithic-integrated circuits.** "Where are GaAs IC's today, and where do we go from here?" These and related questions are briefly covered in this paper.
Spontaneous parity violation in a supersymmetric nonlinear σ-model in 2+1 dimensions

Abstract A supersymmetric nonlinear σ-model in 2+1 dimensions is constructed. The renormalization of the coupling constant makes the model finite to leading order in the 1 N expansion. Mass generation and supersymmetric bound states occur as consequences of spontaneous violation of parity.
A dialysis procedure for loading erythrocytes with enzymes and lipids

Abstract A dialysis procedure for hypotonic hemolysis has been developed in which erythrocytes can be loaded with water-soluble enzymes, detergent-solubilized enzymes (glucocerebrosidase) and detergent-dispersed glycolipid (glucocerebroside). The procedure allows approx. 40–50% of the added enzyme or glcyolipid to be encapsulated. The final intracellular concentration of enzyme or glycolipid is about equal to the extracellular concentration. The loaded cells can be ingested by macrophage in vitro and the glucocerebroside partially degraded by lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. The use of this procedure for the investogation of Gaucher's disease is discussed.
CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE COMPUTER HASSLES SCALE

Sutnmmry.-The objective of this research was to determine the latent structure of the Computer Hassles Scale using corrfinatory factor analysis. This study employed a normative database of 1199 srudent computer users. Both a priori and a posterion' latent structure models were tested using LISREL. The analyses did not support a 1atent structure of the scale based on the scale's original nvo-factor definition. Using various goodness-of-fir indices, a four-factor model was the best fit. There has been considerable research in the past 15 years on the psychological effects of computer technology. One area of research has investigated the negative effect of computers on the psychological state of the user. Rosen and Maguire (1990) performed a meta-analys~s of research on these negative influences. The literature covered by the~r meta-analysis focused on various computerisms: anxiety about computers, aversion to computers, computerphobia, computer users' stress, and negative attitudes about computers. These variables have different operational definitions and have resulted in the development of different measures; most of them rated on a Llkert-type scale. Several measures have been developed to assess anxiety about comput
Innervation of cockroach cercal receptors as revealed by horseradish peroxidase (Insecta, Blattodea)

The innervation of cerci of a desert burrowing cockroach, Arenivaga sp., was determined by horseradish peroxidase backfilling of the cercal nerve and histochemistry. The procedure yielded a high percentage of successful fills and in many cases every neuron filled completely, including dendrites and axons of less than one μm. The innervation of the cerci was found to be highly ordered. Upon entering the cercus, the cercal nerve splits into bilateral branches, one on each side of the midline. The nerves branch again at each segment to form fascicles of sensory neurons which innervate the trichobothria, sensilla chaetica and tricholiths, each with a single bipolar neuron. While the cell bodies of neurons are of similar dimensions, the dendrites to the tricholiths are much longer and terminate on the midline side of the sensilla socket where the tricholith shaft attaches.
A pilot study to examine patient awareness and provider discussion of the impact of cancer treatment on fertility in a registry-based sample of African American women with breast cancer

Purpose Fertility is a concern for many cancer patients diagnosed during their reproductive years. Although African American women are more likely to be diagnosed with early breast cancer (i.e., ≤age 40), little is known about patient awareness of or provider discussion related to fertility in this group. We examined African American women's awareness of the possible impact of cancer treatment on fertility.
Common Structural Motifs for the Regulation of Divergent Class II Myosins

This minireview focuses on structural studies that have provided insights into our current understanding of thick filament regulation in muscle. We describe how different domains in the myosin molecule interact to produce an inactive “off” state; included are head-head and head-rod interactions, the role of the regulatory light chain, and the significance of the α-helical coiled-coil rod in regulation. Several of these interactions have now been visualized in a wide variety of native myosin filaments, testifying to the generality of these structural motifs across the phylogenetic tree.
Human Nature in Its Psychological Dimensions

IF BY "nature" is meant the "essential character . .. of a particular thing" ("Nature," in Webster International Dictionary) then a concept of human nature must satisfy two criteria: It must designate a class, human, on the basis of those "essential character(s)" common to the members of the class; and it must distinguish this class from the class, infrahuman, whose members do not share these "essential character(s)." Psychology and anthropology have arrived at peculiarly different conclusions with respect to the possibility of such a classification. While asserting the existence of a nature common to all humans, psychology has questioned the existence of "essential" differences between humans and infrahumans. Anthropology, on the contrary, has distinguished humans from infrahumans, but has entertained serious doubts concerning "essential character(s)" universal among humans. In short, both disciplines have tended to deny the existence of a generic human nature. An examination of the psychological dimensions of human nature must come to terms with these two positions.
Performance-related anxiety in agoraphobia: Treatment procedures and cognitive mechanisms of change

We contrasted two theoretically derived treatments for high performance-related anxiety in subjects with agoraphobia, and evaluated recently proposed cognitive mechanisms of therapeutic change. Subjects were 45 individuals with agoraphobia who could perform community tasks but became highly anxious doing so. They were assigned at random to either (a) exposure treatment, which seeks to extinguish anxiety by exposing people to scary stimuli, (b) guided mastery treatment, which seeks to raise self-efficacy by guiding people to execute coping tasks proficiently, or (c) delayed treatment. The two treatments proved more effective than delayed treatment but did not differ from one another, a result which is interpreted in light of several previous studies that have found guided mastery to be advantageous. Analyses of cognitions revealed that (a) anticipated anxiety and panic were the most accurate predictors of performance-related anxiety, and (b) self-efficacy for controlling scary thoughts also contributed to the prediction of anxiety, whereas (c) perceptions of danger and self-efficacy for overt performance were less accurate predictors of performance-related anxiety.
Kinetics of isobaric counterdiffusion

Isobaric inert gas counterdiffusion has been demonstrated to produce gas lesions in man (Lambertsen and Idicula, 1975) and lethal gas embolism in animals (Lambertsen, Cunnington and Cowley, 1975). Equations have been derived for the stable-state supersaturation pressures developing at interfaces during inert gas counterdiffusion (Graveset al., 1973). The present analysis is a mathematical treatment of the kinetics of the isobaric counterdiffusion of a pair of gases through a membrane consisting of two layers composed of substances with different diffusion coefficients and solubilities for each of the gases involved. The time to reach the stable supersaturation state due to isobaric counterdiffusion, even when circulatory transport and pulmonary washout times are included, is found to be at least an order of magnitude smaller than the time required for visible bubble formation and tissue distortion.
Preventing HIV: have we lost our way?

Since 1981 the number of persons infected with HIV has increased steadily. There are an estimated 13 million HIV infected persons worldwide with 5000 additional persons becoming infected with HIV each day. The global spread of AIDS has not been stopped. Even though there have been marked reductions in high-risk practices among older homosexual and bisexual men in developed countries HIV transmission continues among young homosexual and bisexual men and intravenous (IV) drug users. HIV transmission among women and heterosexual men especially Blacks and Hispanics is increasing at a faster rate than other groups. In developing countries heterosexually transmitted HIV infections are the norm. 66% of all HIV infected persons are from sub-Saharan Africa. Presence of other sexually transmitted diseases particularly genital ulcers facilitates HIV transmission and accounts for most cases in developing countries. 24% of US urban young heterosexuals have more than 1 sexual partner and 40% of them never use condoms with primary or secondary partners. Exchange of sex for money or drugs (e.g. cocaine) fuels the heterosexual transmission of HIV. At this time of crisis priorities and control efforts must be reevaluated. The focus should be shifted from AIDS (the most severe stage of immunodeficiency) to HIV infection. This will allow the reinforcement of the public message that prevention of HIV infection prevents AIDS. The highest global priority should be on prevention of sexual transmission of HIV and STDs. Thus better strategies for STD treatment need to be developed and women need to be empowered to exert more control over barrier methods and other risk-reduction strategies. Other guiding principles must be HIV prevention among drug users; prevention programs which are planned evaluated and revised based on surveillance data and other studies; and comprehensive and forceful global leadership to convey at least a sense of urgency about the spread of HIV.
Seeking the perfect balance: Perfectionism and work–family conflict

This study considers the relationship between perfectionism and perceptions of work–family conflict. A situational component to perfectionism was found, with higher standards and a higher perceived discrepancy between standards and performance at home versus at work. Findings suggest perfectionism predicts work–family conflict, beyond the effects of the Big Five, trait affectivity and achievement. Further, findings indicate those with adaptive perfectionism (AP; work and home) tend to have lower strain and time-based family interfering with work and lower behaviour-based work interfering with family, compared with maladaptive perfectionists (home) and non-perfectionists (work and home). Gender differences were found and considered in a more exploratory manner.
An information coding system that seems to be independent of noise and variability

We have discovered and describe herein a cybernetic coding principle that appears to operate independently of variability. The coding is in the time domain, stated in terms of the relative duration of successive intervals between discrete events (pulses, action potentials, etc.). A variety of high-order relations can be described, quantified, and evaluated statistically.
Chronic glucocorticoid therapy alters axon sprouting in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.

Abstract Young adult male rats were adrenalectomized prior to subcutaneous implantation of a pellet containing a specified concentration of corticosterone utilized for chronic glucocorticoid replacement. The adrenalectomized animals were maintained at concentrations of circulating corticosterone corresponding to those found in naive young rats. In addition, other animals were maintained at concentrations approximately twice those present in control animals. Fifteen days after damage to the entorhinal cortex the brains were analyzed for changes in the outgrowth of the commissural-associational afferent fibers in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Animals maintained at high corticosterone showed significantly less sprouting of these afferent fibers than controls and animals maintained on low hormone. Astrocytes within this brain region appeared markedly hypertrophied in the high corticosterone group. These findings suggest that steroid hormones may regulate synaptogenesis in the mature brain and play an important role in the brain's attempt to compensate for damage.
Bilateral communication between vestibular labyrinths in pigeons.

Abstract Extracellular action potentials from single horizontal semicircular canal primary afferent fibers were recorded in paralysed decerebrate pigeons during pulse mechanical stimulation of the contralateral horizontal semicircular canal. Clear responses to the contralateral membranous duct displacement stimuli were observed in 51% of the tested 158 horizontal semicircular canal afferents. Generally, three different types of responses were obtained in the primary afferent fibers including excitation, inhibition, and a few complex type neural activity profiles. Inhibitory responses were of larger amplitude and had longer time constants than did excitatory responses. The few complex type responses observed were characterized by an initial excitatory discharge followed by a longer duration decrease in the fiber's firing rate. The sensitivity to stimulation and type of response obtained for each afferent was significantly correlated with the fiber's coefficient of variation value. Regular firing afferents were less sensitive and exhibited primarily excitatory responses (71%) to contralateral canal stimulation. Irregular firing afferents were more sensitive and exhibited mostly inhibitory responses (84%). The present results demonstrate that a communication network for information exchange between the bilateral labyrinths exists in pigeons. The observed responses in primary afferent fibers to contralateral horizontal semicircular canal stimulation are proposed to be mediated by the vestibular efferent system, which could provide an anatomical pathway for information exchange from vestibular receptors on opposite sides of the head.
Influence in the Ivory Tower: Examining the Appropriate Use of Social Power in the University Classroom

A study was conducted to determine how appropriate university students feel it is for professors to use varying bases of social power as a means of influence. Participants (n = 91) completed a modified version of the Interpersonal Power Inventory (Raven, Schwarzwald, & Koslowsky, 1998) and a demographic questionnaire. Students rated the use of soft power as significantly more appropriate than harsh power. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that informational and expert power were thought to be the most appropriate bases for professors to use, and a gender effect was observed such that female students rated the use of social power in the classroom as significantly less appropriate than did male students. Implications for university instructors and other power holders are discussed.
High pressure phase transition in mercury selenide

Abstract It was shown by electrical resistance measurements that under pressures near 7.5 kbars and at room temperature, the zinc-blende structure HgSe transformed to a new phase. The transformation was found to be reversible although a distinct hysteresis was encountered. At low temperatures (below 170°K) the high pressure phase of HgSe was retained at atmospheric pressure and was shown by X-ray diffraction techniques to be hexagonal with a = 4.32 A, c = 9.62 A, and a calculated density of 8.95 gms cm 3 .
Influence of standing estrus before an injection of GnRH during a beef cattle fixed-time AI protocol on LH release, subsequent concentrations of progesterone, and steriodogenic enzyme expression.

Abstract Beef cows that exhibit estrus before fixed-time AI have been reported to have increased pregnancy success and increased concentrations of progesterone during the subsequent estrous cycle. Therefore, these experiments were conducted to evaluate if initiation of standing estrus before an injection of GnRH during a fixed-time AI protocol affected LH pulses, subsequent concentrations of progesterone, and luteal steroidogenic enzyme expression. In Experiments 1 and 2, cows were treated with the CO-Synch protocol (100 μg GnRH day −9, 25 mg PGF 2α day −2, and 100 μg GnRH day 0) and allotted to one of two treatments: 1) cows that initiated estrus before GnRH on day 0 (estrus; n = 5) or 2) cows that did not initiate estrus and were induced to ovulate by the GnRH on day 0 (no estrus; n = 5). In Experiment 1, blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals from 0 to 6 (bleed 1), 12 to 20 (bleed 2), 26 to 34 (bleed 3), and 40 to 48 (bleed 4) h after GnRH. Daily blood samples were collected for 17 d. Initiation of estrus before the GnRH injection had no effect on LH release or the pattern of progesterone increase; however, cows detected in estrus had overall increased ( P = 0.002) concentrations of progesterone compared with cows not in estrus. In Experiment 2, estrus was detected with the HeatWatch system. Location and size of the ovulatory follicle was determined on day 0 by transrectal ultrasonography at time of injection with GnRH. Blood samples were collected on days 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9; luteal tissue was collected on day 10 (n = 4 estrus and n = 9 no estrus) from corpus luteum (CL) originating from similar-sized follicles (13.0 to 16.0 mm). Total cellular RNA was extracted, and relative mRNA levels were determined by real-time reverse transcription PCR and corrected for GAPDH. There was no effect of estrus on CL weight or concentrations of progesterone. In addition, there was no effect of estrus, follicle size, or CL weight on luteal expression of LH receptor, StAR, CYP11A1, or 3βHSD. However, there was a correlation between follicle size and CL weight ( P = 0.01; R 2 = 0.43); for every increase of 1 mm in follicle size, CL weight increased by 1.5 g. In summary, estrus did not influence release of LH, CL weight, progesterone concentrations, or expression of steriodogenic enzymes. However, as follicle size increased, CL weight increased; therefore, both follicle size and CL weight were associated with progesterone concentrations.
Does Competition Among Schools Encourage Grade Inflation

This paper considers whether high schools in competitive environments use grade inflation to attract and retain families, perhaps in addition to more constructive responses. Two measures of grade inflation are used: the cutoffs used by each school to assign a letter grade to a percent score and high school grade point average after controlling for test scores, a rich set of student and school characteristics, and (for a subset) college grade point average. Two measures of competition are used: the enrollment-based concentration of school districts in metropolitan areas and an instrument for this concentration. In both ordinary least squares and instrumental variable, increased competition significantly affects grade cutoffs: a one standard deviation increase in competition results in about a 0.12 to 0.18 standard deviation fall in the grade cutoffs (ceteris paribus, lower cutoffs yield higher grades). These estimates are lower bounds on the effect. However, in both ordinary least squares and instrumental ...
Effect of Stocking Weight and Stocking Density on Production of Hybrid Striped Bass (Sunshine) in Earthen Ponds in the Second Phase of a 2‐Phase System

Sunshine bass from Phase I or pond production were graded into two weight classes, 3 and 5 g, and stocked into experimental earthen ponds at a density of either 8,649/ha or 11,120/ ha in a 2 × 2 factorial design. After stocking, the fish were fed a commercially manufactured feed (43.0-45.5% crude protein) twice daily to satiation for 17 mo. At harvest, mean survival ranged from 67.4 to 84.8% but was highest for the fish stocked at 5g. Average production Tor ponds stocked at 8,649/ha and 11,120/ha, regardless of stocking weight, was 4,506 kg/ha and 5350 kg/ha, respectively. Production and percentages of assigned weight classes were not significantly different among treatments as a result of wide variation among replicates. Using size-dependent market prices assigned to the different harvest size groups, an economic analysis revealed gross receipts, variable costs, and total costs for the 11,120/ha 5-g treatment. Net returns were not significantly different among the four treatments due to large variation among replicates per treatment. These results confirm that the traditional phase II of pond production can be eliminated in favor of a direct stocking of phase I fish into a single production phase and economically competes very well with traditional three-phase growout management. The potential reduction in turnover time of production units achieved through the direct stock practice is an efficiency trait that should translate into significantly higher returns and a greater profit over the long term. Further reduction of stocking density combined with a stocking weight greater than 5 g should translate into greater proportion of larger, higher valued fish at harvest and a growout period of 18-20 mo, rather than the 24-30 mo traditionally needed for the combined phase II and phase III of production.
Design of particle bed reactors for the space nuclear thermal propulsion program

Abstract This paper describes the design for the Particle Bed Reactor (PBR) that we considered for the Space Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (SNTP) Program. The methods of analysis and their validation are outlined first. Monte Carlo methods were used for the physics analysis, several new algorithms were developed for the fluid dynamics, heat transfer and transient analysis; and commercial codes were used for the stress analysis. We carried out a critical experiment, prototypic of the PBR to validate the reactor physics; blowdown experiments with beds of prototypic dimensions were undertaken to validate the power-extraction capabilities from particle beds. In addition, materials and mechanical design concepts for the fuel elements were experimentally validated. Four PBR rocket reactor designs were investigated parametrically. They varied in power from 400 MW to 2000 MW, depending on the mission's goals. These designs all were characterized by a negative prompt coefficient, due to Doppler feedback, and a moderator feedback coefficient which varied from slightly positive to slightly negative. In all practical designs, we found that the coolant worth was positive, and the thrust/weight ratio was greater than 20.
Quark and gluon propagators in quantum chromodynamics

The quark and gluon propagators of massless quantum chromodynamics are studied in the Landau gauge using renormalization-group techniques in combination with the analytic properties which follow from Lorentz invariance and spectrum conditions. The investigations include the possibility of a spontaneous breakdown of global color symmetry with mass generation for quarks and gluons. The explicit asymptotic behavior of the propagators for large momenta is determined along all directions in the cut complex plane. It is found that the propagators cannot be entire functions except possibly in the infrared-stable limit. The existence of branch cuts drawn to infinity is verified. Projected propagators are introduced where contributions from negative-norm states are omitted. The original as well as the projected propagators satisfy unsubtracted spectral representations. The positivity condition of the transverse projected weight function leads to a restriction for the anomalous dimension of the gluon field, which implies a lower bound for the number of flavors.
Life-Cycle Assessment of Personal Residential Roof Decking and Cover under Hurricane Threats

This paper describes how modelers of the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model (FPHLM) account for and implement various roofing characteristics that reflect the historical building practices and code enforcement in Florida. The life cycle of roofing structural elements, particularly the roof cover, are considered by using an algorithm to estimate whether or not a structure has been retrofitted based on the original year built. The paper will discuss the role of building practices and life cycles of roofing components and their use in vulnerability models as well as discuss the influence of roof retrofits on the vulnerabilities of typical personal residential structures.
Exploring trauma recidivism in an elderly cohort.

Purpose: As the population ages, trauma in the elderly is an increasingly recognized source of elderly morbidity. However, previous reviews on the topic provide only broad recommendations. The purpose of this study was to examine the elderly recidivist cohort at an urban trauma center for mechanisms of repeat injury. Methods: The trauma registry at a major urban trauma center was queried to identify all patients aged 65 and older admitted from 1991e2010. Recidivist admissions were compared to nonrecidivist admissions. Demographics, mechanism of injury, injury location, length of stay, and mortality data were collected. Recidivists’ mechanism of injury was compared with their initial mechanism of injury. Descriptive statistics, Student t-test, and a z-rank test of proportions were applied with significance set to P � 0.05. Results: Between 1991 and 2010, 6476 patients aged 65þ were admitted, of which 79 (1.22%) were recidivists. Of these, 64 patients were aged 65 and older for both admissions. Most often, recidivists were male (70% versus 60%) and injured in penetrating trauma (17% versus 7.5%, P ¼ 0.045). Recidivists trended towards more frequent injuries in bicycle collisions (3% versus 1.9%) and all-terrain vehicle (ATV)/motorcycle crashes (6.3% versus 1.7%), but were less likely to be hit by cars (49% versus 36%, P ¼ 0.034). At least two thirds of recidivist patients injured in falls, ATV/motorcycle accidents, and stabbings had previously been injured by the same mechanism. Conclusions: The overall recidivism rate in the elderly population is low. Nevertheless, recidivists were more susceptible to penetrating trauma, ATV/motorcycle collisions, and possibly bicycle accidents. These findings can help design counseling initiatives and injury prevention programs that target specific elderly trauma patients.