cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kappa opioid regulation of anxiety-like behavior during acute ethanol withdrawal

Withdrawal is one of the defining characteristics of alcohol dependence, and is often characterized by impaired physiological function and enhanced negative affect. Recent evidence suggests that the dynorphin (DYN)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system may be a key mediator in the negative affect often associated with drugs of abuse. The objective of the present experiments was to determine the role of the DYN/KOR system in the regulation of anxiety-related behavior during acute withdrawal from ethanol. Rats were fed an ethanol liquid diet and following removal, the ability of the KOR antagonist nor-BNI to attenuate the increased anxiogenic-like response characteristic of ethanol withdrawal was investigated using the elevated plus maze. A comparison study was also conducted examining anxiety-related behavior following direct activation of KORs via injections of the KOR agonist U50,488. Rats experiencing ethanol withdrawal showed a significant decrease in open arm exploration compared to controls, an effect that was blocked by nor-BNI. Similar decreases in open arm exploration were observed following injections with the KOR agonist, U50,488, an effect also reversed by pretreatment with nor-BNI. These results suggest that similar mechanisms are involved in the regulation of ethanol withdrawal- and KOR agonist-induced changes in behavior. Given the potential role of enhanced negative affect in persistent ethanol drinking, understanding the role of the DYN/KOR system in regulating anxiety associated with withdrawal may be critical in understanding the factors associated with the nature of alcohol dependence.
Short range order and the development of long range order in Ni4Mo

Abstract The short-range ordered structure present in quenched Ni 4 Mo and the initial development of the long-range-ordered structure have been studied using single crystal X-ray diffuse scattering techniques. Measurements of the diffuse X-ray intensities were made in a volume in reciprocal space for the f.c.c. alloy resulting in a quantitative determination of the three dimensional local-order parameters. The local-order parameters were used for a computer simulation of the atomic configuration. The local atomic arrangements for the quenched alloy consist of a strong preference for no molybdenum atom pairs as first neighbors. The atoms tend to satisfy the long-range-ordered structure of Ni 4 Mo in which there are no Mo-Mo pairs as first neighbors, only one Mo atom as second neighbors and six or more as third neighbors. A rodlike morphology consisting of a strong preference for 200 and 400 Mo-Mo pairs exists on ordering for 5 min at 650°C. This result is similar to the rodlike morphology present in dilute Ni-W alloys and explains the [100] streaking of the short-range order peaks observed in the diffraction studies.
Recall of paired-associates as a function of their associability

The recall of paired CVCs varied as a joint function of the association value (AV) of items constituting the pairs and the associability (AS) of the pairs, where the AS of a pair was defined as the probability of forming a natural language mediator (NLM) between its members. AS value variation within AV levels produced reliable differences in recall A significant AS by AV interaction indicates that the magnitude of the effect of AS on recall is considerably greater when pairs are composed of high AV items.
Superconducting transition temperatures of Nb-doped SrTiO3

Abstract We have observed superconducting transitions in Nb-doped SrTiO3 over the range of charge carrier densities n=0.13−2.2×1020 cm-3. A Tc maximum is observed similar to those previously observed in reduces SrTiO3 specimens.
Laser Extraction of Pacemaker Lead Traversing a Patent Foramen Ovale and the Mitral Valve

Left ventricular lead misplacement is an infrequent complication of pacemaker or defibrillator lead insertion. It most commonly occurs through defects in the interatrial septum. Although patients may remain asymptomatic, the most common clinical complication is a thromboembolic event. Percutaneous technology has been described to safely remove misplaced leads. We present a case of a patient with a pacemaker lead in the left ventricle through a patent foramen ovale that was successfully extracted using excimer laser technology.
Identification of a reinforcement pathway necessary for operant conditioning of head waving in Aplysia californica

The marine mollusc Aplysia californica exhibits a wide range of nonassociative and associative forms of learning. Recently, we found that the learning repertoire of Aplysia includes operant conditioning (Cook & Carew, 1986, 1989b). The behavior we examined is a naturally occurring, side-to-side head-waving response used by Aplysia in seeking food, obtaining a foothold, and egg laying. Aplysia can be operantly conditioned to reduce head-waving to one side of their body if such a response results in exposure to bright uniform-field illumination, which the animals find aversive. An essential step toward achieving a mechanistic understanding of operant conditioning is to identify and characterize the reinforcement pathway used during the learning. Toward this end, we wished to determine which of the peripheral visual pathways in Aplysia are critical for performance of the operant task. Previous experiments indicated that photic input from the optic and rhinophore nerves functionally inhibited motor neurons that participate in the operant response (head-waving), while photic input from the oral veil nerves excited these same motor neurons (Cook & Carew, 1989c). These findings suggested the hypothesis that one or both of these pathways could play an important role in mediating reinforcement during training. To explore this possibility we operantly trained animals that had received chronic bilateral transections of either the optic and rhinophore nerves or the oral veil nerves C1-C3 (in conjunction with transection of the optic and rhinophore nerves). We found that operant conditioning was not disrupted by ablation of input from the eyes and rhinophores. By contrast, ablation of input from the oral veil (together with that from the eyes and rhinophores) abolished operant conditioning. Thus, the oral veil nerves play a critical modulatory role in operant conditioning of head-waving. This observation further suggested that photic input from the oral veil is conveyed to the CNS via the oral veil nerves. In a final experiment we confirmed that stimulation of the oral veil with light evokes increased afferent activity in the oral veil nerves C1-C2. These results support the idea that the oral veil nerves contain processes that are critical components of the reinforcement pathway for operant conditioning of head-waving.
Some carotenoids in Hydra.

Abstract 1. 1. Hydra littoralis contain large amounts of canthaxanthin (4,4′-diketo-β-carotene) and traces of echinenone and 4-keto-4′-hydroxy-β-carotene. Canthaxanthin and echinenone are present also in the hydra's sole source of food, Artemia salina. 2. 2. H. pirardi, also grown on Artemia, contain canthaxanthin and, in addition, large amounts of a new family of pigments called pirardixanthins. These compounds have similar chromophores, containing nine conjugated double bonds, but differ in their polar substituents. They are found as the dihydroxy-, ketohydroxy-, diketo- and hydroxy-derivatives of pirardixanthin. 3. 3. Canthaxanthin appears to be converted to the pirardixanthins only during a short period of time following the ingestion of brine shrimp. 4. 4. The fates of Artemia carotenoids in hydra and the possible physiological roles of these pigments are discussed.
Actuation Technologies Suitable for Humanoid Robots

Actuator selection is a key component in the design and development of humanoid robots. The issue of actuation technologies is a fundamental question that determines the level of complexity and ability of the machine to perform similar functions to that of a human, and needs continuous assessment at all level of design and technological advancement. The main objective of developing humanoid robots is to mimic the behavior of human to that of the machine and the prototypes presented so far can be categorized as machine-like and human-like robot. The former is focused on mobility, and the later one on the behavior of the robot including gesture synthesis, facial expression illustrating the internal emotion of the robot and generally on the cognitive aspects. Humanoid Robots with Facial Expressions (HRwFE) are getting momentum and there exist a strong derive to build them because they can potentially be used for various applications including health care, military, industry, and household. For all kinds of humanoid robots, the selection of actuators is challenging. It is not only the stress, strain, energy density, power consumption, life cycle, linearity, repeatability, response time, band width and etc. But other factors such as ease of control, availability, maturity, and cost of the actuation technology have significant importance. This paper focuses on the issues mentioned above and presents comparative assessment of the actuation technologies for humanoid robots focusing on humanoid head.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Chloride loading in the South Fork of the Shenandoah River, Virginia, U.S.A.

Loading trends and sources of CI− in the South Fork of the Shenandoah River, Virginia were analyzed for the period 1929–1982. CI− has increased from approximately 2 mg/L (2,776 tons/yr) to over 10 mg/L (14,256 tons/yr). Natural CI− is estimated to be 1.01 mg/L (1,388 tons/yr) with precipitation providing 0.99 mg/L and rocks 0.02 mg/L. From 1929 to 1949 CI− concentrations were relatively constant and independent of discharge, conforming to the Type II curve of Davis and Zobrist (1978), indicative of natural or relatively uncontaminated streams. Since 1952 CI− concentrations increased exponentially as river discharge decreases conforming to the Type I curve of Davis and Zobrist for polluted streams. Since 1965 anthropogenic CI− loading at 12,868 tons/yr has remained relatively constant. Four major sources contribute 92.2 percent (11,871 tons/yr) of the anthropogenic CI−: (1) deicing salts—4,149 tons/yr, (2) domestic sewage—3,015 tons/yr, (3) livestock and poultry wastes—2,458 tons/yr, and (4) commercial fertilizers—2,249 tons/yr.
Quantitative studies in skin testing III. The assay of the direct skin reactivity of ragweed pollen, extracts by endermal testing utilizing an “All or None” Response

Abstract 1.1. The log probit method of Bliss and a shorter graphic procedure were applied to the assay of the direct skin reactivity of ragweed pollen extracts using the endermal method of skin testing. 2.2. The log probit method of Bliss was shown to be a valid method of assay. 3.3. The shorter graphic procedure tended to overestimate the assay values and standard error obtained by the more reliable method of Bliss. The error of the assay is relatively large.
Effects of dietary genistein administration on growth, survival and sex determination in southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma

The inclusion of soybean meal and soy concentrates in finfish feeds may introduce endocrine disrupting compounds in the form of phytoestrogens. Genistein, which may dually act as an oestrogen receptor agonist/antagonist, has been shown to elicit both masculinizing and feminizing effects in several teleost species. The objective of this investigation was to examine the effects of dietary genistein administration on reproductive development, growth and survival in southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma). Southern flounder received one of three experimental diets which contained varying concentrations of genistein (control – 0, low dose –100 and high dose –1000 mg genistein kg−1 feed) from 84 to 153 days post hatch (DPH). Fish remained in culture until 285 DPH at which time sex ratios were determined. Growth and survival were evaluated at 153 and 285 DPH. Greater numbers of female fish resulted from the low and high dose genistein treatments (98 ± 2% and 78 ± 12% respectively), as compared to the control group (21 ± 10%). Reduced growth at 153 DPH and poor survival (28%) at 285 DPH were also observed for the high dose genistein treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate the feminizing effects of genistein in southern flounder, but reduced growth and survival with high dietary administration.
The Debye-Waller Factor for the Noble Gas Solids

The mean-square nuclear displacements 〈u 2〉, the Debye Θ's associated with the 〈u 2〉, and the Debye Θ′'s associated with the temperature derivatives of 〈u 2〉 at constant volume have been calculated for the noble gas solids Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe as a function of temperature and volume using self-consistent phonon theory. Instead of using the equation of state which gives volumes which are consistently smaller than the experimental volumes, the experimental lattice parameters at the saturated vapor pressure were used. In the case of neon, the theoretical 〈u 2〉 were also obtained as a function of temperature and the experimental lattice volume atT=0K. The interaction forces are described by a nearest neighbor (12–6) Mie–Lennard-Jones potential.
Illiteracy among Medicaid Recipients and Its Relationship to Health Care Costs.

Poor literacy is associated with poor health status, but whether illiteracy is also linked to higher medical care costs is unclear. We characterized the literacy skills of 402 randomly selected adult Medicaid enrollees to determine if there was an association between literacy skills and health care costs. Each subject's literacy skills were measured with a bilingual (English/Spanish) reading-assessment instrument. We also reviewed each subject's health care costs over the same one-year period. The mean reading level of this Medicaid population was at grade 5.6. Mean annual health care costs were $4,574 per person. There was no significant relationship between literacy and health care costs. While there are compelling reasons to improve poor reading skills among Medicaid enrollees, illiteracy in this population does not appear to contribute to the high cost of providing government-sponsored care.
Revisiting Castlio and Ferris-Swift's experiments testing the effects of splenic pump in normal individuals

Abstract Background Castlio and Ferris-Swift conducted a series of experiments in the 1930s testing the scientific basis for using splenic pump manipulation to stimulate the immune system. Their work is still cited as evidence that the splenic pump technique is beneficial. However, they only reported case summaries of the data, indicating what percent of the cases increased or decreased relative to baseline and, therefore, limiting the certainty of their conclusions. To our knowledge, no one has published research confirming their findings. Objective Our hypothesis is that an updated analysis of the raw data will support the original conclusions that splenic pump manipulation does increase leukocyte counts, lower the erythrocyte counts, not change the leukocyte differentials, and increase the opsonic index. Methods Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to determine whether there was a significant change in blood cell counts, leukocyte percent differentials, and the opsonic index following splenic pump manipulation. Using Mann–Whitney U -tests, the change from baseline in leukocyte and erythrocyte counts for the first 23 cases managed by an honorary fraternity were compared to the cases managed by Castlio and Ferris-Swift. P values ≤0.05 were considered significant. Results Consistent with Castlio and Ferris-Swift's original conclusions, there was a statistically significant rise in the mean leukocyte counts, a decrease in the mean erythrocyte counts, no change in the leukocyte differentials, and an increase in the opsonic index following splenic pump treatment. However, subgroup analysis shows that most of the mean increase in the leukocyte count came from the first 23 subjects processed by a fraternity. The erythrocyte counts were less affected by this variable while the differential and opsonic index tests were unaffected because Castlio and Ferris-Swift performed these. Discussion Statistical analysis of Castlio and Ferris-Swift's published raw data lends support to their original conclusions. However, subgroup analysis showed a distinct difference, relative to the rise in serum leukocytes, between subjects managed by the fraternity and those managed by the Castlio and Ferris-Swift research team. Conclusion Modern, well-designed studies which incorporate demographic information, blinding methods to limit measurement bias, and a control group are needed to clarify the effect of the splenic pump on blood cell counts and other immune parameters.
Some properties of hyperbolic coordinate systems

Abstract Previous articles on the construction of nomographs with hyperbolic coordinates have dealt only briefly with the properties of the coordinate systems, attention being devoted primarily to practical applications.Extensive application of these methods, however, requires imagination and the freedom to select among, or depart from, the various types of coordinate systems suitable for the construction of nomographs. These requirements cannot be met without a clear mental picture of the properties of hyperbolic coordinate systems in general, and their relationships to cartesian coordinates. The purpose of the present article is to close the many gaps left by the treatment given in previous articles, and to provide a concise and systematic theoretical background for further application of these methods.
Kinetics of the initiation of styrene polymerization by n‐butyllithium

The reaction between styrene and n-butyllithium in benzene has been studied by spectrophotometry and calorimetry at 25°C. It was observed that the initiation of polymerization was first-order in styrene and one-third-order in butyllithium at styrene concentrations of 0.5 mole/l.. and that addition of butyllithium to styrene solutions caused an evolution of 1.7 kcal./mole of butyllithium. It was also noted that the rate of initiation was approximately an order of magnitude larger than that previously reported in very dilute styrene solutions (0.03 mole/l.) and comparable butyllithium concentrations. It is concluded that styrene stabilizes trimeric butyllithium relative to its hexamer by a nonstoichiometric, exothermic solvation process.
Peripheral neuropathy in scleroderma

Because patients with scleroderma report neuropathic symptoms including numbness, paresthesias, and dysesthesias, we assessed peripheral nerve function in such patients. Fourteen scleroderma patients underwent complete neurologic examination, nerve conduction studies (NCS) and quantitative sensory testing (QST). Neurologic examination revealed reduced vibration (7) or pinprick (4) sensation in the upper or lower extremities, focal atrophy or proximal weakness (2), and decreased deep tendon reflexes (2). NCS showed reduced sensory nerve action potentials (1) and carpal tunnel syndrome (1). QST of the upper and lower extremity revealed increased cold or vibration detection thresholds in 8 of 14 patients. Our findings suggest that peripheral neuropathy occurs in patients with scleroderma at a higher frequency than previously appreciated. These findings cannot be ascribed to compression neuropathies, but rather involve large and small fibers in a non-length-dependent fashion. Larger, prospective studies using the more sensitive QST as well as pathologic studies of nerve, including cutaneous innervation, are needed to further assess the characteristics and etiology of the neuropathy.
Peer influences on the college-going decisions of low socioeconomic status urban youth

The roles that peers play in the decision to go to college are not well understood. Logistic regression is used to explore the role that peers play in the college-going decisions of a sample of low...
6.3.3 Emergent Behavior in an Unregulated Financial System of Systems: Economic Meltdown

The need to consider the human dimension to systems engineering is no more evident than in the current global economy. The current global financial crisis can be interpreted by applying a system of systems analysis methodology that elucidates the behavior that has emerged from the unregulated US market in collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). The market for US financial obligations of collateralized debt obligation market is modeled dynamically as a system of systems covering the time period from 2000 to 2008. Behavior of home mortgage borrowers, lenders, CDO buyers and sellers, as well as specific market inputs and outputs are included in the model. Results show that an increasing rate of home loan defaults and loss of financial market liquidity is a predictable and natural consequence of the market conditions. Of particular interest are the leading indicators that result in financial instabilities.
Passive combination of multiple beams in an optical fiber via stimulated Brillouin scattering.

We demonstrate passive combination of multiple beams in an optical fiber via stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Four off-axis beams are combined in a long multimode optical fiber using a novel all-optical mount. The combined beam has the high spatial coherence properties of the LP01 mode owing to the beam cleanup properties of SBS. The threshold for SBS when off-axis pumps are used is shown to be a factor of 13 times higher than for on-axis pump beams. We propose this method would improve the brightness of an array of fiber amplifiers.
Copper content of saliva of normal subjects and treated Wilson's disease patients.

Abstract Saliva from 6 male and 2 female patients with Wilson's disease was analyzed for copper by a modified spectrophotometric procedure employing oxalyldihydrazide as a color reagent. The values fell within the range obtained for 89 male control subjects, i.e., 1 to 75 μg./100 ml., with the frequency distribution being skewed toward the lower quantities. All 8 patients had been under therapy for several years with a low copper diet and daily administration of D-Penicillamine. Thus, although it is possible that untreated patients might yield different data, it appears that in Wilson's disease there is no abnormal accumulation of copper in saliva. Although a similar situation exists with nails and hair, this is in contrast to most other tissues and fluids which accumulate excessive copper in this disease.
Spontaneous “Secondary” Disease in Germfree AKR Mice

DISEASES which develop in gnotobiotic (germfree; mice reflect defects in the nutritional, genetic or microbial status of the host. Three viral agents have been detected so far in germfree mice, and these appear to be passed to their progeny by congenital route(s). All mouse strains carry leukaemia virus1, some strains carry mammary tumour virus2 and one strain carries lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus3. Except for these, germfree mice are free of bacteria, fungi and parasites. They are referred to here as germfree, on the understanding that they are not free of virus. Spontaneous lymphatic leukaemia develops only in the AKR strain: in other strains (Balb/c, ICR, CFW, C3H, Swiss–Webster and C57 BL) lymphatic leukaemia must be elicited by whole body exposure to X-rays4,5. Germfree mice of the AKR strain develop the same type and incidence of spontaneous lymphatic leukaemia as the conventional stock from which they were derived. In addition, an unusual syndrome which has been referred to as “puny” disease6 has been observed in germfree AKR mice; the mice are hunched and have rough hair and dermatitis with depilation around the anus and base of the tail. Diarrhoea was difficult to assess because the faeces of germfree mice are usually semisolid in consistency. “Puny” disease has been observed in twenty-eight germfree AKR mice of average age 14 weeks. At autopsy the mice had large lymph nodes and spleens and small, almost imperceptible, thymus glands. The lymph nodes were swollen with extensive perivascular cords of lymphocytes and plasma-like cells in the medullary areas, but the prominent cortical follicles were free of germinal zones. Germinal zones were not observed in the white pulps of the spleens, but the red pulps were congested with lymphoid and plasma-like cells. The thymic cortices were depleted of thymocytes; however, in several of them, segments of the cortex contained aggregations of large reticulum cells, many in mitosis. The latter changes were suggestive of early stage thymic lymphoma, which may have been coincident with, or a sequel to, the thymic depletion.
Preservation of muscle force in Mdx3cv mice correlates with low-level expression of a near full-length dystrophin protein.

The complete absence of dystrophin causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Its restoration by greater than 20% is needed to reduce muscle pathology and improve muscle force. Dystrophin levels lower than 20% are considered therapeutically irrelevant but are associated with a less severe phenotype in certain Becker muscular dystrophy patients. To understand the role of low-level dystrophin expression, we compared muscle force and pathology in mdx3cv and mdx4cv mice. Dystrophin was eliminated in mdx4cv mouse muscle but was expressed in mdx3cv mice as a near full-length protein at ∼5% of normal levels. Consistent with previous reports, we found dystrophic muscle pathology in both mouse strains. Surprisingly, mdx3cv extensor digitorium longus muscle showed significantly higher tetanic force and was also more resistant to eccentric contraction-induced injury than mdx4cv extensor digitorium longus muscle. Furthermore, mdx3cv mice had stronger forelimb grip strength than mdx4cv mice. Immunostaining revealed utrophin up-regulation in both mouse strains. The dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex was also restored in the sarcolemma in both strains although at levels lower than those in normal mice. Our results suggest that subtherapeutic expression levels of near full-length, membrane-bound dystrophin, possibly in conjunction with up-regulated utrophin levels, may help maintain minimal muscle force but not arrest muscle degeneration or necrosis. Our findings provide valuable insight toward understanding delayed clinical onset and/or slow disease progression in certain Becker muscular dystrophy patients.
Self-Reported Adolescent Behavioral Adjustment: Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure

Abstract Purpose To assess the direct effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on adolescent internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems, controlling for confounding drug and environmental factors. Method At 12 and 15 years of age, 371 adolescents (189 PCE and 182 noncocaine exposed), primarily African-American and of low socioeconomic status, participating in a longitudinal, prospective study from birth were assessed for behavioral adjustment using the Youth Self-Report. Results Longitudinal mixed model analyses indicated that PCE was associated with greater externalizing behavioral problems at ages 12 and 15 years and more attention problems at age 15, after controlling for confounders. PCE effects were not found for internalizing behaviors. PCE adolescents in adoptive/foster care reported more externalizing and attention problems than PCE adolescents in biological mother/relative care at age 12 or noncocaine-exposed adolescents at both ages. No PCE by gender interaction was found. Prenatal marijuana exposure, home environment, parental attachment and monitoring, family conflict, and violence exposure were also significant predictors of adolescent behavioral adjustment. Conclusions PCE is a risk factor for poor behavioral adjustment in adolescence.
New nonthermal posthavest technology to improve food safety: hydrodynamic pressure processing

Hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP) was investigated as an alternative non-thermal preservation technique to reduce microorganisms found inlon meat products. Pork /beef stew pieces and ground beef (GB) were examined. All meat samples were stored at room temperature ( 23 °C) for 22 h representing temperature abuse (TA) conditions. Following storage, samples were divided in lots for controls and HDP-treatment. Meat samples were vacuum packaged for HDP treatment (binary explosive placed 6 or 12" from meat surface; 54-L steel shock wave container). Pork/beef stew pieces were treated with 1 00 g @ 12". GB was treated with 25, 50, 75, or 100 g @ 12" and 75 @ 6". Samples were assayed for total aerobic platecounts (APC; log,0 CFU/g) after treatment. Microorganisms were reduced (2 log; P<O.05) in pork I beef stew pieces using 100 g @ 12'. A reduction (2-3 log; P<O.05) was found in GB using 50, 75, or 100 g @ 12". There was no decrease in bacteria after using 25 g @ 12". An inconsistent and diminished effect on bacteria was found using 75 g @ 6". It can be concluded from these studies that HDP has the capability ofreducing microorganisms found on the surface (whole stew pieces) and throughout (ground beef) meat products.
Hospital-based stroke diagnoses among the oldest old in the United States: 1997 to 2006.

Background and Purpose— Continued surveillance of stroke trends among the very elderly is needed to determine how best to mitigate the likely rise with time in the proportion of strokes in this relatively understudied age group. This study assessed recent time trends in the proportion of hospitalized patients with stroke who are very elderly. Methods— Data were obtained from all US states that contributed to the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients with stroke diagnoses were identified by the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision procedure codes. Percentage of stroke diagnoses among persons aged ≥80 years was evaluated. Results— Between 1997 and 2006, the absolute number of US hospital-based stroke diagnoses lessened (from 680 666 to 609 381). Of all patients with stroke, very elderly men constituted 25.2% in 1997 versus 25.1% in 2006 (P=0.83), whereas very elderly women were 39.5% in 1997 versus 39.9% in 2006 (P=0.55). Very elderly persons comprised similar percentages of primary acute ...
Pulmonary vascular pressures of strenuously exercising Thoroughbred horses after administration of phenylbutazone and frusemide

Summary The present study was carried out to examine the effects of phenylbutazone treatment on the pulmonary haemodynamic effects of frusemide in strenuously exercising horses. Using catheter mounted manometers, whose in vivo signals were referenced at the point of the shoulder, heart rate, right atrial, right ventricular and pulmonary vascular pressures were measured in 3 different sets of experiments. Seven Thoroughbreds were subjected to 1) control (no medications), 2) frusemide control and 3) phenylbutazone + frusemide. The experiments were carried out in random order and were separated by 7 days. Measurements were made at rest and during incremental exercise performed on a treadmill set at 3.5% uphill grade. In the frusemide control experiment, horses received frusemide 250 mg i.v., 4 h pre-exercise. In the phenylbutazone + frusemide experiment, horses received 4 i.v. injections of phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg bwt) at 12 h intervals. Twenty-four hours after the last phenylbutazone injection, horses received frusemide 250 mg i.v. and exercise was performed 4 h later. This latter regimen mimics prevailing veterinary practice at Illinois racetracks. The highest work intensity (14.2 m/s, 3.5% uphill grade) elicited maximal heart rate of horses. Significant right atrial, as well as pulmonary arterial, capillary and venous hypertension occurred with exertion in all 3 experiments. However, in the frusemide-control and the phenylbutazone + frusemide studies, the exercise induced rise in mean right atrial and pulmonary vascular pressures was significantly (P<0.05) attenuated in comparison with that in the control experiments. Statistically significant differences were not found between the frusemide control study and the phenylbutazone + frusemide study either at rest or during any level of exertion. Therefore, it was concluded that the phenylbutazone treatment in our study did not mitigate the pulmonary haemodynamic effects of frusemide in strenuously exercising Thoroughbred horses.
Transparent and adaptive computation-block caching for agent-based simulation on a PDES core

We present adaptive computation-block caching that supports improved performance and is suited for agent-based simulations. The approach is illustrated in SASSY (scalable agents simulation system). SASSY leverages a parallel discrete event simulation for performance, but provides an agent-based API to the developer. Agent-based simulation is suited to computation-block caching because relevant calculations completed at each event may be relatively heavyweight and may be repeated. The potential savings of avoiding a computation entirely may offset the overhead cost of caching. The approach is refined through the use of statistical methods for choosing which computation blocks should be cached or not. If the relevant computation is trivial, caching is not worth the cost. In other cases caching provides a substantial speedup. Our mechanism tracks these costs online and adjusts accordingly. It requires no additional coding but is automatically integrated into applications. We assess the performance of the approach in a benchmark-application.
Sex, Sexuality, and the Quest for Power: A Feminist Analysis of the 1988 Republican Presidential Campaign Discourse

The 1988 Presidential campaign in the United States, like all political contests, reveals a struggle for power through the manipulation of symbols. The focus of this paper is the role of women as symbols and as symbolically manipulated in the political discourse of the 1988 Republican Presidential campaign. Two central issues are discussed: the construction of “women's issues,” including abortion, child care, and employment; second, the Willie Horton campaign strategy. This discussion shows that the manipulation of women as symbols in this political discourse relies upon images of women defined essentially by their sexual and procreative functions and their relation to male concerns.
Adaptive Rigid Multi-region Selection for Handling Expression Variation in 3D Face Recognition

We present a new algorithm for 3D face recognition, and compare its performance to that of previous approaches. We focus especially on the case of facial expression change between gallery and probe images. We first establish performance comparisons using a PCA ("eigenface") algorithm and an ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm similar to ones reported in the literature. Experimental results show that the performance of either approach degrades substantially in the case Then we introduce a new algorithm, Adaptive Rigid Multi-region Selection, is introduced to independently matches multiple facial regions and creates a fused result. This algorithm is fully automated and used no manually selected landmark points. Experimental results show that our new algorithm substantially improves performance in the case of varying facial expression. Our experimental results are based on the largest 3D face dataset to date, with 449 persons, over 4,000 3D images, and substantial lapse between gallery and probe images.
Model constraints on the opening rates of bands on Europa

A mid-ocean-ridge spreading analog is used to constrain the opening rates and brittle–ductile transition depths for two axisymmetric ridged bands on Europa. Estimates of brittle–ductile transition depth based on the morphologies of Yelland and Ino Lineae are combined with a conductive cooling model based on a mid-ocean ridge analog to estimate the opening rates and active lifetimes of the bands. This model limits local strain rates to ∼10 −15 –10 −12 s −1 , opening rates to 0.2–40 mm yr −1 , and active lifetimes of the bands to 0.1–30 Myr. If the observed structures in the outer portions of ridged bands are indeed normal faults, the estimated range for the tensile strength of ice on Europa
A mixed-integer linear programming decision model for aquaculture

This paper presents a mathematical model for use in aquaculture, the rearing of aquatic animals in a controlled environment. The model addresses the real-world strategic planning requirements of an emerging technology as well as the short- and long-term production scheduling requirements of a mature aquaculture facility. A solution procedure for large-scale problems is described and tested, and an illustrative application is presented.
Cerebral Cortex Diseases and Cortical Localization

The cerebral cortex, or outer cell layer of the brain, is divided into a mosaic of discrete areas with different functions: specific regions control vision, sensory and motor function, hearing, and language. Cortical degeneration, abnormality and disease affect brain function and behaviour. Keywords: cerebral cortex; dementia; MRI; imaging; brain map
Design and practical implementation of multifrequency RF front ends using direct RF sampling

The use of direct RF sampling has been explored as a means of designing multifrequency RF front ends. Such front ends will be useful to multifrequency RF applications such as global navigation satellite system receivers that use global positioning system (GPS) L1, L2, and L5 signals and Galileo signals. The design of a practical multifrequency direct RF sampling front end is dependent on having an analog-to-digital converter whose input bandwidth accommodates the highest carrier frequency and whose maximum sampling frequency is more than twice the cumulative bandwidth about the multiple carrier signals. The principle of direct RF sampling is used to alias all frequency bands of interest onto portions of the Nyquist bandwidth that do not overlap. This paper presents a new algorithm that finds the minimum sampling frequency that avoids overlap. This design approach requires a multifrequency bandpass filter for the frequency bands of interest. A prototype front end has been designed, built, and tested. It receives a GPS coarse/acquisition code at the L1 frequency and GPS antispoofing precision code at both L1 and L2. Dual-frequency signals with received carrier-to-noise ratios in excess of 52 dB-Hz have been acquired and tracked using this system.
Mobile crowdsensing: current state and future challenges

An emerging category of devices at the edge of the Internet are consumer-centric mobile sensing and computing devices, such as smartphones, music players, and in-vehicle sensors. These devices will fuel the evolution of the Internet of Things as they feed sensor data to the Internet at a societal scale. In this article, we examine a category of applications that we term mobile crowdsensing, where individuals with sensing and computing devices collectively share data and extract information to measure and map phenomena of common interest. We present a brief overview of existing mobile crowdsensing applications, explain their unique characteristics, illustrate various research challenges, and discuss possible solutions. Finally, we argue the need for a unified architecture and envision the requirements it must satisfy.
The Mapping Abilities of Young Children

(1997). The Mapping Abilities of Young Children. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 152-158.
Compile-time scheduling and assignment of data-flow program graphs with data-dependent iteration

Four scheduling strategies for dataflow graphs onto parallel processors are classified: (1) fully dynamic, (2) static-assignment, (3) self-timed, and (4) fully static. Scheduling techniques valid for strategies (2), (3), and (4) are proposed. The focus is on dataflow graphs representing data-dependent iteration. A known probability mass function for the number of cycles in the data-dependent iteration is assumed, and how a compile-time decision about assignment and/or ordering as well as timing can be made is shown. The criterion used is to minimize the expected total idle time caused by the iteration. In certain cases, this will also minimize the expected makespan of the schedule. How to determine the number of processors that should be assigned to the data-dependent iteration is shown. The method is illustrated with a practical programming example. >
Structure and Movements of a Community of Small Mammals Along a Powerline Right-Of-Way in Subalpine Coniferous Forest

Abstract We examined diversity, density, and movements of small mammals in a subalpine coniferous forest in Colorado by comparing three sites in a 40-m-wide powerline right-of-way to three control sites in undisturbed forest. We captured 181 individuals of 10 species at powerline sites and 128 individuals of nine species at control sites. Density of southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) was higher at control sites, whereas least chipmunks (Tamias minimus) had a greater density at powerline sites. At powerline sites, southern red-backed voles occupied forested habitats >30 m away from the right-of-way, whereas least chipmunks occupied habitats within the right-of-way. Following translocation across the right-of-way, North American deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus) readily crossed the right-of-way, while the right-of-way formed a barrier to southern red-backed voles. During their natural movements, southern red-backed voles exhibited significant directional movements parallel to the right-of-way, where...
Green enterprise computing data: Assumptions and realities

Until now, green computing research has largely relied on few, short-term power measurements to characterize the energy use of enterprise computing. This paper brings new and comprehensive power datasets through Powernet, a hybrid sensor network that monitors the power and utilization of the IT systems in a large academic building. Over more than two years, we have collected power data from 250+ individual computing devices and have monitored a subset of CPU and network loads. This dense, long-term monitoring allows us to extrapolate the data to a detailed breakdown of electricity use across the building's computing systems. Our datasets provide an opportunity to examine assumptions commonly made in green computing. We show that power variability both between similar devices and over time for a single device can lead to cost or savings estimates that are off by 15–20%. Extending the coverage of measured devices and the duration (to at least one month) significantly reduces errors. Lastly, our experiences with collecting data and the subsequent analysis lead to a better understanding of how one should go about power characterization studies. We provide several methodology guidelines for future green computing research.
Impotence in vascular disease: Relationship to vascular surgery

This review considers diagnosis and treatment of vasculogenic impotence. It describes current information related to normal mechanisms of penile erection and pathophysiology of organic impotence, methods of preoperative diagnosis, quantitative evaluation of penile blood flow and operative techniques to be employed in aneurysmal or occlusive aorto-iliac disease. The importance of preserving internal iliac flow and neural fibres enervating the genitalia is stressed. Large vessel reconstructions have proved practical in maintaining or restoring normal erectile function, but at present reconstructions of isolated pudendal or penile artery occlusions are experimental. Medical therapy can be effective in certain marginal cases of small vessel occlusion.
Combined Scintigraphic and Radiographic Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases

Y.-W. Bahk New York, NY: Springer, 2017, $259 Ever since burgeoning in 1940 with 131I-sodium iodide thyroid scanning and a prototypal Geiger–Muller tube, nuclear medicine has ceaselessly, vigorously, and extensively advanced much beyond our initial modest hopes and expectations. Valuable
Separated transmission and noise models for coupled lines and connectors in packaging system timing and coupled noise simulations

This paper describes a simplified coupled line and connector modeling technique by using separated transmission and noise models. The method for coupled lines can be applied to practical multi-aggressor coupling noise simulation without cutting the whole coupling structure into many short regular coupling transmission lines. The method for connectors provides user-specified connector coupling models based on individual transmission and unilateral coupling. The features are useful in system timing and fast noise simulation.
Prairie forb response to timing of vole herbivory

The timing of herbivory can be an important factor in the strength and direction of plant response to herbivore damage. To determine the effect of vole herbivory timing within a growing season on tallgrass prairie forbs, we used individual plant enclosures to limit vole access to three species, Desmanthus illinoensis, Echinacea purpurea, and Heliopsis helianthoides, in an experimental restoration in northern Illinois, USA. As part of a long-term experiment, we implemented five vole access treatments in 2003: (1) vole access for the entire growing season, (2) early-season access, (3) mid-season access, (4) late-season access, and (5) no vole access. We protected all plants from herbivory in the following growing season (2004) to test whether the effects of herbivory in one growing season carried over to the next. We also tested how restoration planting design, including seeding time (June or December) and density (35 or 350 seeds/m2 of each species) affected patterns of herbivory and plant recovery. Vole a...
Childhood wheeze while taking propranolol for treatment of infantile hemangiomas

While it is recognized that beta-blockers can exacerbate asthma symptoms in older children and adults, there are few descriptions of a similar effect in infants. We describe three infants who developed wheeze during treatment with a beta-blocker for infantile hemangiomas and conclude that physicians should inquire about respiratory symptoms in this group of children.
Water in volcanic pyroclast: Rehydration or incomplete degassing?

Abstract The matrix-glass water concentrations in samples from volcanic eruptions of intermediate to highly silicic magmas were measured and compiled. They range from 0.1 wt% to more than 3.5 wt% and show a positive correlation with vesicles surface area over glass volume ratio. Modeling of water diffusion suggests that most of this correlation can be explained by the post-eruptive diffusion of external water at atmospheric temperature and pressure into the matrix-glass, a process referred to as rehydration. Although the precise proportion of primary (magmatic) to secondary (meteoric) water is not determined by our analysis, we find that most samples can be modeled by progressive rehydration of an initially ‘dry’ sample during the time interval between deposition and sample collection at an average rehydration diffusivity of approximately 10−23 m2 s−1. This diffusivity estimate is consistent with values provided in the literature on obsidian hydration dating and with the extrapolation of diffusivity formulations for silicic melts to lower temperatures and pressures.
Población y Ambiente: cuestiones actuales

Aula proferida pela Profa. Dra. Susana B. Adamo no dia 26 de marco de 2014 no Nucleo de Estudos de Populacao “Elza Berquo” (NEPO/UNICAMP).
Normal Incidence Intersubband Transitions in InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dots With Non-monotonic Shift

Multiple layers of self assembled In 0.3 Ga 0.7 As quantum dots of different size were grown on GaAs (100) using molecular beam epitaxy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy shows absorption in the long-wavelength infrared region (8–10 νm) under normal incidence. The absorbance peak shift with dot size was investigated and revealed non-monotonic behavior of intersubband transitions. The optical absorption coefficient was calculated to be in order of 3.8×10 3 cm -2 .