cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tomb cult and the ‘Greek renaissance’: the past in the present in the 8th century BC

Greek society was changing rapidly in the 8th century BC. The archaeological record reveals population growth, increasing political complexity, artistic experiments and a strong interest in the past. Because these processes resemble those at work in early modern Italy, the period has often been referred to as the ‘Greek renaissance’ (e.g. Ure 1922; Hagg 1983a; cf. Burke 1986). This paper is about the glorification of the past in the 8th century, and its relationship to the rise of the polis, the Greek city state. I concentrate on one particular phenomenon, the spread of cults at tombs dating to the Mycenaean period (c. 1600-1200 BC). I argue that the common renaissance analogy has limited value, and that the 8thcentury Greeks created a past narrowly focussed on the persons of powerful ancient beings, from whom they could draw authority in the social upheavals which came about as the loose, aristocratic societies of the ‘Dark Age’ (c. 1200-750 BC) were challenged. Tomb cults go back at least to 950 BC, but after 750 they were redefined and used as a source of power in new ways. I have adapted my subtitle from Maurice Bloch’s well-known paper ‘The past and the present in the present’ (1977), where he argues that rituals bring the past into the present to form a system of cognition mystifying nature and preserving the social order. The argument here is slightly different. I stress the variety of the cults and the range of meanings they must have had, making their recipients highly ambiguous figures. The same cults could simultaneously evoke the new, relatively egalitarian ideology of the polis and the older ideals of heroic aristocrats who protected the grateful and defenceless lower orders, while standing far above them. Bloch's paper borrowed Malinowski’s idea of culture as a ‘long conversation’; developing the analogy, I look at the multiple meanings which any statement in such a conversation may have for the different actors.
Defective Contexts, Accommodation, and Normalization

Reponse aux articles precedents de T. Sider, intitule «Three problems for Richard's theory of belief ascription», et de S. Soames, intitule «Beyond singular propositions?» («Canadian journal of philosophy», pp. 487-513 et pp. 515-549). L'A. rejette les deux principales objections opposees a sa theorie de l'attribution des croyances, fondees, l'une sur l'emploi d'expressions contextuelles sensibles, l'autre sur le role des attitudes propositionnelles dans la traduction d'une croyance
Demographic profile of families and children in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED): Case-control study of autism spectrum disorder.

Background The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) is designed to enhance knowledge of autism spectrum disorder characteristics and etiologies. Objective This paper describes the demographic profile of enrolled families and examines sociodemographic differences between children with autism spectrum disorder and children with other developmental problems or who are typically developing. Methods This multi-site case-control study used health, education, and birth certificate records to identify and enroll children aged 2-5 years into one of three groups: 1) cases (children with autism spectrum disorder), 2) developmental delay or disorder controls, or 3) general population controls. Study group classification was based on sampling source, prior diagnoses, and study screening tests and developmental evaluations. The child's primary caregiver provided demographic characteristics through a telephone (or occasionally face-to-face) interview. Groups were compared using ANOVA, chi-squared test, or multinomial logistic regression as appropriate. Results Of 2768 study children, sizeable proportions were born to mothers of non-White race (31.7%), Hispanic ethnicity (11.4%), and foreign birth (17.6%); 33.0% of households had incomes below the US median. The autism spectrum disorder and population control groups differed significantly on nearly all sociodemographic parameters. In contrast, the autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay or disorder groups had generally similar sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions SEED enrolled a sociodemographically diverse sample, which will allow further, in-depth exploration of sociodemographic differences between study groups and provide novel opportunities to explore sociodemographic influences on etiologic risk factor associations with autism spectrum disorder and phenotypic subtypes.
Response of the Florida legume Galactia elliottii to shade

The need for shade tolerant forage species for forested grazing lands of the Southeastern United States has been recognized for some time. Introduced grasses and temperate legumes have been evaluated for this use with some success. Sparse stands of native legumes occur throughout these woodlands. The potential value of these native legumes has received little attention. Seedlings of Galactia elliottii Nuttall, a widely occurring native legume in the pine flatwoods (Spodosols), were established in pots and subsequently evaluated for growth response to shade levels of 0, 25, 55, 75, and 92% under vinyl shade cloth. Maximum herbage yield and maximum nitrogen yield after a 60-day growth period were obtained under 25% shade. Responses of herbage yield, percent nitrogen, and nitrogen yield to shade were described by quadratic equations with initial increases followed by decreases as shade increased. A second experiment involving small plots of G. elliottii in dense bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) sod produced negative linear relationships between shade and yield of each forage species. However, G. elliottii yield declined at a slower rate than bahiagrass. These results indicate that G. elliottii is adapted to shaded flatwoods environments and suggest that further efforts to evaluate local woodland legumes for forage potential could provide productive species for reseeding shaded woodland sites in the Southeastern United States.
Is Work Special? Justice and the Distribution of Employment

I investigate from an egalitarian welfarist standpoint the issue of whether state-guaranteed employment should be offered as a matter of right to able-bodied poor citizens who suffer chronic or persistent unemployment. An affirmative answer is defended. One consideration supporting this right to work is that provision of transfer aid in the form of jobs rather than cash screens “nonneedy bohemians” from the class of beneficiaries. The main conclusion of the essay is defended from one objection based on efficiency wage models of the labor market and from another based on the alleged impossibility of maintaining the self-respect and self-esteem of able-bodied individuals who fail to earn their own keep independently in a market economy.
Cultural Objects as Prisms Perceived Audience Composition of Musical Genres as a Resource for Symbolic Exclusion

The hypothesis that cultural likes and dislikes are driven by the perceived connections between genres and their audiences is a foundational premise of sociological studies of cultural taste. Howev...
Analysis and Research on Network Intrusion Detection System

Intrusion detection system is the second security gate placed behind the firewall,which can simultaneously detect the malicious attacks from external network and internal sabotage,so gets the attention and study.From the intrusion detection system concept.this paper has discussed the intrusion detection system function,model and architecture,carefully studied the detection technology of intrusion detection system,combining with the current problems of the intrusion detection system,introduces the distribution,automation and intelligence are the development direction of the intrusion detection technology.
Improving the Sensitivity of the Fletcher Factor Assay

The prolonged activated partial thromboplastin times observed with Fletcher factor (prekallikrein)-deficient plasmas become nearly normal after the plasma is incubated with contact surfaces or with an activator. Those shorter times may lead to relatively flat reference curves for Fletcher factor assays under certain conditions. The authors examine in detail the effect of incubation time upon the sensitivity of Fletcher factor assays. Four different surface activators were used in the tests to determine the optimal activation for each type. An incubation time of 1 min produced maximal sensitivity with each surface activator tested. All reagents remained stable for at least an hour at 37.5 C.
Sustaining and Expanding Telehealth: A Survey of Business Models from Selected Prominent U.S. Telehealth Centers

Abstract Introduction: Telehealth centers across the country, including our own center, are addressing sustainability and best practice business models. We undertook this survey to explore the business models being used at other established telehealth centers. In the literature on telehealth and sustainability, there is a paucity of comparative studies as to how successful telehealth centers function. Methods: In this study, we compared the business models of 10 successful telehealth centers. We conducted the study by interviewing key individuals at the centers, either through teleconference or telephone. Results: We found that there are five general approaches to sustaining a telehealth center: grants, telehealth network membership fees, income from providing clinical services, per encounter charges, and operating as a cost center. We also found that most centers use more than one approach. Conclusion: We concluded that, although the first four approaches can contribute to the success of a center, telehe...
Turning up by Turning Over: The Change of Scenery Effect in Major League Baseball

This study examined a “change of scenery” effect on performance in major league baseball (MLB). We also tested this effect for voluntary versus involuntary employee departures, as well as employees returning to a past employer. This study uses publicly available MLB performance data from 2004 to 2015. The data comprise 712 team changes for players following two consecutive years with the same organization. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA to assess the impact of changing teams on player performance. Results indicate players with declining performance benefited significantly from a change of scenery. Following a team change, these players experienced a significant increase in their performance that remained stable through a subsequent season. The effect was not different for players who changed teams via trade and free agency and was modest for those returning to a past organization. Analysis also showed that players leaving while their performance was improving suffered a subsequent performance drop-off in the new organization. As the war for talent escalates and employees change jobs more frequently, extending our understanding of how performance can be influenced by work context may provide new insight into organization staffing policies. Results extend field theory by highlighting how past performance interacts with new work contexts to influence performance. This is one of the few studies evaluating the job change-performance relationship, and perhaps the first to account for the effects of performance trends prior to exit.
Interrelationship Among School Characteristics, Parental Involvement, And Children's Characteristics In Predicting Children's Victimization By Peers: Comparison Between The United States And Three Eastern Asia Countries

To identify ways that national culture, school characteristics, and individual attributes impact the victimization of students in Grade 8, data from the United States and three East Asian countries (i.e., Japan, S. Korea, and Taiwan) were compared using the 2011 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Hierarchical Liner Modeling (HLM). The school-level factors measured by school size, school resources, and perceived behavioral problems on campus did not predict middle school students’ victimization in the United States, but significant positive parental involvement and negative school resources were found to impact the victimization of students in the East Asian countries. Regarding the effects of the student-level variables, boys, in comparison to girls and students showing less attachment to the schools, were more victimized in U.S. and East Asian schools. Individual students’ perceived parental monitoring was a significant and positive predictor of students’ victimization in the East Asian schools only. The standard test scores in mathematics were not predictive of victimization in U.S. and East Asian participants. The results indicated that understanding the ecological factors involved in victimization is important to intervene effectively, protect students, and prevent peer victimization on campus.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is an imaging modality used for the assessment of heart, providing both anatomic and physiologic information. Its use has increased over the last decade given the improvement on imaging acquisition and quality with growing evidence from clinical trials supporting its value. The high natural contrast between intracardiac or intravascular blood pool, lack of ionizing radiation, and three-dimensional nature of this method provide substantial advantages over other methods, but it is the ability of CMR to characterize tissues that offers unique value of this technique.
MALIGNANT PLEURAL EFFUSIONS

Pleural effusions are a common complication of advanced malignancies, and cause dyspnea, chest pain and cough. In most cases they signify incurable disease, with a median survival after diagnosis usually measured in months rather than years. Thus treatment focuses on improving patient symptoms rather than cure. Chest tube insertion and sclerotherapy, i.e. pleurodesis, remains the standard of care in most countries, with the goal of preventing fluid recurrence after removal. However newer therapeutic options, such as pleuroscopy and long-term indwelling pleural catheters, can be performed as outpatients or with a minimal hospital stay, may cause less discomfort to the patient than a standard chest tube or video assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS) pleurodesis, are cost effective, and may allow patients to spend more time away from the hospital with loved ones.
Cocaine dependence does not contribute substantially to white matter abnormalities in HIV infection

This study investigated the association of HIV infection and cocaine dependence with cerebral white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). One hundred thirty-five participants stratified by HIV and cocaine status (26 HIV+/COC+, 37 HIV+/COC-, 37 HIV-/COC+, and 35 HIV-/COC-) completed a comprehensive substance abuse assessment, neuropsychological testing, and MRI with DTI. Among HIV+ participants, all were receiving HIV care and 46% had an AIDS diagnosis. All COC+ participants were current users and met criteria for cocaine use disorder. We used tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to assess the relation of HIV and cocaine to fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). In whole-brain analyses, HIV+ participants had significantly reduced FA and increased MD compared to HIV- participants. The relation of HIV and FA was widespread throughout the brain, whereas the HIV-related MD effects were restricted to the corpus callosum and thalamus. There were no significant cocaine or HIV-by-cocaine effects. These DTI metrics correlated significantly with duration of HIV disease, nadir CD4+ cell count, and AIDS diagnosis, as well as some measures of neuropsychological functioning. These results suggest that HIV is related to white matter integrity throughout the brain, and that HIV-related effects are more pronounced with increasing duration of infection and greater immune compromise. We found no evidence for independent effects of cocaine dependence on white matter integrity, and cocaine dependence did not appear to exacerbate the effects of HIV.
On the User Awareness of Mobile Security Recommendations

Modern mobile devices face a number of security threats that put users and their data at risk. Although many different security options exist to protect against these threats, the selection of such options is often left up to the user. In this paper, we review the current literature on mobile security and provide a comprehensive list of recommendations for user safety. We also conduct a user study to ascertain awareness concerning these recommendations. Our results show that users, especially those without strong information technology familiarity, tend to ignore or be unaware of many critical security options. Further work must develop methods to improve awareness and adoption of mobile security. The list of recommendations provided in this paper and the knowledge gained from the user study could be helpful in this regard. We suggest building educational tools to improve user awareness of security vulnerabilities and increase their protection against known mobile threats.
Prevalence of high fractional exhaled nitric oxide among US youth with asthma.

BACKGROUND High fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is an indicator of poor asthma control and has been proposed as a non-invasive assessment tool to guide asthma management. OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe the prevalence of and factors associated with high FeNO among US youth with asthma. METHODS Data from 716 children and adolescents with asthma ages 6-19 years who participated in the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Using American Thoracic Society guidelines, high FeNO was defined as >50 ppb for ages 12-19 years and >35 ppb for ages 6-11 years. Multivariate logistic regression examined associations between high FeNO and age, sex, race/Hispanic origin, income status, weight status, tobacco smoke exposure, and other factors associated with asthma control (recent use of inhaled corticosteroids, recent respiratory illness, asthma-related respiratory signs/symptoms, and spirometry). RESULTS About 16.5% of youth with asthma had high FeNO. The prevalence of high FeNO was higher among non-Hispanic black (27%, P < 0.001) and Hispanic (20.2%, P = 0.002) youth than non-Hispanic white (9.7%) youth. Differences in high FeNO prevalence by sex (girls < boys), weight status (obese < normal weight), tobacco smoke exposure (smokers < home exposure < no exposure), and FEV1/FVC (normal < abnormal) were also observed. No differences were noted between categories for the remaining covariates. CONCLUSION High FeNO was observed to be associated with sex, race/Hispanic origin, weight status, tobacco smoke exposure, and abnormal FEV1/FVC, but was not associated with asthma-related respiratory symptoms. These findings may help inform future research and clinical practice guidelines on the use of high FeNO in the assessment of asthma control.
Botulinum Toxin in Parkinson Disease Tremor: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study With a Customized Injection Approach

Abstract Background In essential tremor and Parkinson disease (PD) tremor, administration of onabotulinumtoxinA via a fixed injection approach improves the tremor, but many patients (30%-70%) develop moderate to severe hand weakness, limiting the use of onabotulinumtoxinA in clinical practice. Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA (IncoA) injection for the treatment of tremor in PD. Patients and Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 30 patients each received 7 to 12 (mean, 9) IncoA injections into hand and forearm muscles using a customized approach. The study was performed from June 1, 2012, through June 30, 2015, and participants were followed for 24 weeks. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by the tremor subsets of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and the Patient Global Impression of Change 4 and 8 weeks after each of the 2 sets of treatments. Hand strength was assessed using an ergometer. Results There was a statistically significant improvement in clinical rating scores of rest tremor and tremor severity 4 and 8 weeks after the IncoA injection and of action/postural tremor at 8 weeks. There was a significant improvement in patient perception of improvement at 4 and 8 weeks in the IncoA group. There was no statistically significant difference in grip strength at 4 weeks between the 2 groups. Conclusion Injection of IncoA via a customized approach improved PD tremor on a clinical scale and patient perception, with a low occurrence of significant hand weakness. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02419313.
Unconstrained Mixed Pixel Classification: Least-Squares Subspace Projection

The orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) for hyperspectral image classification was first reported in (1994) and has been successfully applied to hyperspectral data exploitation since then. Its ability in subpixel detection was also demonstrated in Chapter 3. As we recall (3.9), the OSP-derived detector was given by δ OSP(r) = T P U ⊥ (r) with the scale constant κ = 1. In Chapter 6, we have seen that this scale constant κ was actually determined by the a posteriori information that was used to estimate the unknown abundance fractions. Since OSP assumed the complete knowledge of the target signature matrix M and did not estimate the abundance vector α, the scale constant κ was absent in δ OSP(r). As long as the abundance fractions detected for α provide sufficient amounts for target detection, it did not matter if a was estimated accurately. That was why OSP worked effectively for the real hyperspectral data experiments in (1994). However, this may not be true in terms of abundance estimation. So, in this chapter, the OSP in Chapter 3 is revisited for mixed pixel classification. It is then extended by three unconstrained least-squares subspace projection approaches, called signature subspace projection (SSP), target subspace projection (TSP) and oblique subspace projection (OBSP) where the abundance fractions of target signatures are not known a priori, but are required to be estimated from the data. The three subspace projection methods use their estimated signature abundance fractions to achieve target classification in a mixed pixel. As a result, they can be viewed as a posteriori OSP as opposed to the OSP in Chapter 3, which can be thought of as a priori OSP. In order to evaluate these three approaches, a least-squares estimation error is cast as a signal detection problem in the framework of the Neyman-Pearson detection theory so that the detection performance can be measured by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.
„Denn du gehst gleich ein in ewige Gärten.“ Zum Zusammenhang zwischen transzendenter Weltanschauung und Gewaltbegründung (“You Will Enter Eternal Gardens.“ On the Connection Between Transcendental Worldviews and Legitimizing Violence)

Discussions about Islamist violence can often be divided into two different trends: one that claims Islam to be essentialy violent per se and another one arguing that violence has nothing to do with Islam. Latter line of argument, particularly in academic discourses, frequently suggests that assailants use religion merely as an instrument to achieve their actually economic-rational interests. However, such argumentation tends to neglect an essential dimension of the whole phenomenon of religiously motivated violence: the spiritual or transcendental worldview which perpetrators use to legitimate their own violence. This article looks into the connection between a religiously based ideology and the representation of violence. To do so, six different documents will be analyzed: the “spiritual guidance“ of the perpetrators involved in the 9/11 attacks (Seidensticker, 2004), four contemporary texts of jihadist actors (mainly from jihadist internet platforms; Lohlker, 2009) and the charter of the terror organization Hamas. Based on these texts, it will be shown how the authors legitimize violence in regard to four fundamental metaphysical principles: the existence of god, the belief in an afterlife, the dichotomous separation of humanity into good and evil and the relevance of a spiritual mindset. The results of the analysis suggest that there is an interior logic of religiously motivated violence, based on premises differentiated from the liberal secularization paradigm and instead following a transcendent understanding of reality. Recognizing this paradigm as one important dimension of Islamist violence could help to better understand such phenomenon and to improve practical work in the field of deradicalization. Article in German.
Fluorescence microscopy of H&E stained cervical biopsies to assist the diagnosis and grading of CIN.

Abstract Background Prevention of cervical cancer is based upon the accurate diagnosis and grading of cervical lesions identified during screening. The pathological classification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is problematic, as it relies on subjective criteria and is known to have high interobserver variability and low reproducibility. These limitations can result in either over or under treatment of patients. Biomarkers to improve CIN diagnosis have not overcome all these challenges. Main body Here we review the use of a promising optical imaging method using eosin-based fluorescence spectroscopy. This technique is able to perform fluorescent analysis of cervical biopsies directly from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissues. Eosin is a brominated derivative of fluorescein. Fluorescence characteristics of protein–eosin complexes can demonstrate tissue changes associated with dysplasia and cancer. In this article we review the progress made towards developing eosin-based fluorescence spectroscopy. We describe the various morphologies seen among the CIN grades with this optical method and highlight the progress made to quantitate the spectral image characteristics. Conclusion Eosin-based fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to directly examine H&E stained tissue slides. Relevant areas can be imaged and spectral analysis done to obtain objective data to identify and grade cervical lesions.
The adaptability of international arbitration: Reforming the arbitration mechanism to provide effective remedy for business-related human rights abuses:

This paper analyses the potential for international arbitration to provide effective remedy for business-related human rights abuses. Since the proliferation of international arbitration, the defau...
Tracking steps in oncology: the time is now.

Purpose Accurate evaluation of patients' health status is a key component of the workup, treatment, and follow-up of cancer patients. Assessments by clinicians (eg, performance status, toxicity grade) and patients (eg, quality of life) play a critical role in current practice but have significant limitations. Technological advances now provide an opportunity to track a new class of objective measures of patient activity, such as daily step counts. Here, we describe recent efforts to incorporate this technology into the field of oncology. Design We conducted a structured literature search using MEDLINE electronic database to identify published observational studies of tracking steps in cancer patients and trials of exercise programs for cancer survivors incorporating pedometers until February 2016. Results Data indicate that physical activity information may supplant existing scales for the assessment of cancer patients' functional capacity. Conclusion Objective activity monitoring is poised to revolutionize the way health care providers assess cancer patients at the time of diagnosis, during treatment, and in the survivorship setting.
Fibrations, unique path lifting, and continuous monodromy

Abstract Given a path-connected space X and H ≤ π 1 ( X , x 0 ) , there is essentially only one construction of a map p H : ( X ˜ H , x ˜ 0 ) → ( X , x 0 ) with connected and locally path-connected domain that can possibly have the following two properties: ( p H ) # π 1 ( X ˜ H , x ˜ 0 ) = H and p H has the unique lifting property. X ˜ H consists of equivalence classes of paths starting at x 0 , appropriately topologized, and p H is the endpoint projection. For p H to have these two properties, T 1 fibers are necessary and unique path lifting is sufficient. However, p H always admits the standard lifts of paths. We show that p H has unique path lifting if it has continuous (standard) monodromies toward a T 1 fiber over x 0 . Assuming, in addition, that H is locally quasinormal (e.g., if H is normal) we show that X is homotopically path Hausdorff relative to H. We show that p H is a fibration if X is locally path connected, H is locally quasinormal, and all (standard) monodromies are continuous.
Imaginatively Grounded Figures: Dancing with Castoriadis

This paper argues that twentieth-century philosopher Cornelius Castoriadis’ innovative concept of imagination is closely related to his treatments of dance. More specifically, it revolves around his concept of “figure,” which thereby suggests a productive partnership with my own philosophy of dance, which I call “Figuration.” The first and second sections below review the interpretations of Castoriadis’ imagination in the two book manuscripts on him in English, Jeff Klooger’s Psyche, Society Autonomy (which supplements Castoriadis with Fichte) and Suzi Adams’ Castoriadis’ Ontology (which supplements him with hermeneutics). My final section defends Castoriadis against these two critical supplements through a close reading of his magnum opus, The Imaginary Institution of Society. There I re-choreograph Castoriadis’ use of the Freudian concept of “leaning on” (Anlehnung, from the Greek anaclisis) as “bending back” (anaclasis, following Klooger’s misspelling of anaclisis). In short, the imagination is like a dancer, bending back to nature understood as “the region which resists” (to varying degrees) the social.
A numerical perspective on traveling wave solutions in a system for rioting activity

Abstract Motivated by the “wave-like” dynamics of rioting activity that occurred during the 2005 French riots we analyze numerically the existence and qualitative properties of traveling wave solutions to a system of reaction-diffusion equations which was proposed to model the spatio-temporal dynamics of rioting activity and social tension in [6]. With the use of AUTO and Matlab we classify the various regions separating the number of homogeneous steady-states solutions and analyze their stability, which turns out to be very rich. We discover a zoology of traveling wave solutions displaying a variety of interesting characteristics. Through this analysis we can make conclusions about the factors leading to different characteristics which have been observed in different riots. For example, the analysis provides evidence that the 2005 French riots were tension-inhibitive (where rioting helps release tension) versus tension-enhansing (where rioting slows down the release of tension).
Large‐scale analysis of BAP1 expression reveals novel associations with clinical and molecular features of malignant pleural mesothelioma

BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) expression is commonly lost in several tumors including malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Presence or absence of immunohistochemical BAP1 nuclear staining in tumor cells is currently used for differential diagnosis of MPM. In this study, a large cohort of 596 MPM tumors with available clinical data was analyzed to examine associations of BAP1 staining pattern with clinical and molecular features that may reflect the impact of BAP1 mutation on MPM biology. Cases were classified according to the BAP1 staining pattern of tumor cells. Exome and RNA-sequencing data were available for subsets of cases. Levels of mRNA encoding claudin 15 (CLDN15) and vimentin (VIM) were determined using RT-qPCR on 483 cases to estimate the relative proportions of epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like components in each tumor. Four BAP1 staining patterns were observed: single-pattern nuclear staining (36%), single-pattern cytoplasmic staining (25%), single-pattern absent staining (12%), and combinations of these staining patterns (27%). This study confirmed prior reports that nuclear BAP1 is more frequently associated with wild-type BAP1 and sarcomatoid histology. However, no associations between BAP1 staining pattern(s) and mutations in specific protein domains and/or mutation type were observed. BAP1 staining patterns were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with BAP1 gene expression, MPM histologic subtypes, molecular clusters, and markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Frequent observation of combinations of BAP1 staining patterns in MPM tumors indicated intra-tumoral heterogeneity of BAP1 status. Cytoplasmic BAP1 staining was identified as a putative indicator of favorable prognosis in non-epithelioid MPM. In conclusion, novel significant associations among different BAP1 staining patterns and subgroups of MPM tumors were observed, suggesting that the role of BAP1 in tumor progression may be more complex than its presumed tumor suppressor function. Cytoplasmic staining was identified as a putative indicator of favorable prognosis in non-epithelioid MPM, potentially addressing a critical need in clinical decision-making in this disease. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Barrier resistance of double layer isolation gowns.

Background Isolation gowns are one of the crucial pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent the migration of microorganisms and body fluids from patients to health care personnel and vice versa. Underperforming isolation gowns in terms of fluid resistance, could potentially put lives in danger. Wearing multiple layers of isolation gowns could theoretically increase the fluid penetration resistance. This study investigates if 2-layer lower barrier level isolation gowns meet the barrier effectiveness requirements of a single higher barrier level isolation gown. Methods Three commonly used ANSI/AAMI Level 2 isolation gown models were selected and tested in single layer and double layer configurations in accordance with ANSI/AAMI PB70 requirements. Results Total of 240 experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of gown model, fabric region, and the number of gown layers on AATCC 127 and AATCC 42 test results. In regard to AATCC 42, there was a significant difference among the different gown models, and the number of gown layers. Similar to AATCC 42 results, there was a significant difference among the different gown models, and the number of gown layers for AATCC 127; additionally, the gown regions was also significantly different. Conclusion Test results demonstrated that the double layer isolation gown configurations do not always provide equal fluid penetration resistance as required for a single Level 3 isolation gown using the standard test methods specified in ANSI/AAMI PB70.
The COVID-19 Self-Care Survival Guide: A Framework for Clinicians to Categorize and Utilize Self-Care Strategies and Practices

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unrivaled need among clinicians to utilize resources aimed at mitigating the effects of this shared trauma. Despite the pre-existing need for organizationally based infrastructure to support these workers, the ongoing crisis necessitates the production of a guide for workers to access self-care procedures that are useful now. This guide seeks to intuitively organize self-care practices and procedures according to their type. It describes direct interventions for clinicians to remedy their own occupationally induced stressors, as well as provide conceptual strategies to foster sustainable resiliency-focused behaviors. Finally, this guide seeks to define a variety of self-care concepts and practices that match the range of clinicians working to stymie the pervasive effects of the pandemic. It excludes practices that conflict with CDC recommendations to prevent COVID-19 exposure and spread, such as any practice where maintaining social distance is not possible. Although it cannot inoculate clinicians to the profound effects of a shared trauma such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the goal is to bolster clinicians operating without sufficient structural resources to sustain their crucial services.
Ethyl isopropyl amiloride decreases oxidative phosphorylation and increases mitochondrial fusion in clonal untransformed and cancer cells.

Many cancer cells, regardless of their tissue origin or genetic landscape, have increased expression or activity of the plasma membrane Na-H exchanger NHE1 and a higher intracellular pH (pHi) compa...
Objective and subjective behavioral measures in myopic and non-myopic children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose : The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected children's lifestyle, requiring a shift to electronic device use for education and entertainment, which may ultimately impact eye growth and myopia. Our goal was to assess sleep, time outdoors, physical activity, near work, and electronic device use during the summer COVID-19 pandemic in myopic and non-myopic children. Additionally, behaviors were compared with a typical summer before the pandemic. Methods : Healthy children (ages 8.3±2.4 years, n=53) in Houston, Texas participated. Children wore an Actiwatch for 10 days while quarantine measures were in place for objective measures of light exposure, time outdoors, activity, and sleep. Additionally, parents completed a questionnaire regarding children's demographics, ocular history, and visual activity, including electronic device use, during the COVID-19 pandemic and also for a typical summer before COVID-19. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA for session (COVID-19 vs pre-COVID-19), day of the week (weekday vs weekend), and refractive error group (myopic vs non-myopic). Results : Objective measures showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, myopic children had significantly lower daily light exposure (P=.04) and less physical activity (P=.04) than non-myopic children, with no significant differences in sleep duration or time outdoors between groups (P>.05 for all). Subjective measures showed that children demonstrated increased electronic device use during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 on weekdays (7.3±0.6 vs 4.9±0.5 hours per day, respectively, P .05 for all). Conclusions : Children's behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic varied between myopes and non-myopes. Objective measures showed that during the pandemic, myopic children exhibited lower daily light exposure and physical activity than non-myopes. Additionally, based on parents' report, children's electronic device use increased, and physical activity and time outdoors decreased during the pandemic. Long term follow up is needed to understand if these behavioral changes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic contribute to increased myopia progression.
Intersubject Variation in ACE2 Protein Expression in Human Airway Epithelia and Its Relationship to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

SARS-CoV-2 initiates entry into airway epithelia by binding its receptor, ACE2. To explore whether inter-individual variation in ACE2 abundance contributes to variability in COVID-19 outcomes, we measured ACE2 protein abundance in primary airway epithelial cultures derived from 58 human donor lungs. We found no evidence for sex- or age-dependent differences in ACE2 protein expression. Further, we found that variations in ACE2 abundance had minimal effects on viral replication and induction of the interferon response in airway epithelia infected with SARS-CoV-2. Our results highlight the relative importance of additional host factors, beyond viral receptor expression, in determining COVID-19 lung disease outcomes.
Community outreach, fundraising, and social transformation: the functions of social media platforms to prevent dating abuse in domestic violence and sexual assault organizations

Social media platforms are essential tools for contributing to feminist social movement building. There has been limited research theorizing how domestic and sexual violence (DV/SA) organizations u...
Model Reference Adaptive Control and Identification for Nonlinear Systems: Methods and Applications

Abstract The paper deals with the design of model reference adaptive control and identification for nonlinear plants. Two methods are presented. The first method uses the error-equation approach and assumes the same dimensionality of both systems; plant and the reference model. This assumption is relaxed in the second method which is based on the augmentation of the state-space and the stabilisation with respect to the subset of variables. In neither method is the plant linearized.
Extraction of Uranium from Seawater: Design and Testing of a Symbiotic System

AbstractUranium present in low concentration in ocean water has the potential to greatly augment the current fuel reserve for nuclear power generation, but the challenge of extracting it economically remains. Two new designs of seawater uranium extraction systems are proposed in this paper—a stationary system and a continuous system—both of which utilize a braided polymer adsorbent. The stationary system simplifies the recovery procedure, and it is predicted to produce uranium at $326/kg. The continuous system is attached to an offshore wind turbine system to eliminate the need for additional mooring and increase the overall energy-gathering ability of the wind farm system. This system could maximize the adsorbent yield and achieve a production cost of $403/kg of uranium.
Sequential Chemical/Biological Oxidation of 2-Chlorophenol

The feasibility of preozonation with subsequent biodegradation as an alternative treatment of 2-chlorophenol was investigated. The major ozonation byproduct of 2-chlorophenol was chlorosuccinic acid which was oxidized to oxalic acid upon further ozonation. Only chlorosuccinic acid sustained substantial growth of Pseudomonas putida during batch biodegradation experiments compared with a blank, 2-chlorophenol, and oxalic acid. Accordingly, based on the results obtained with this model system, preozonation of persistent compounds can result in an increased extent of mineralization. However, care must be exercised in the chemical oxidation process to prevent formation of secondary refractory intermediates.
Nietzsche’s Illness

This essay recounts recent psychiatric literature about the probable causes of Nietzsche's collapse, endorsing the conclusion that it was not syphilis. The essay then explores the role of madness in Nietzsche's philosophy, and also explores to what extent some sort of madness - whether psychological or philosophical - influenced his later philosophy.
Pointing control design for autonomous space vehicle applications

Abstract This paper addresses the design of pointing control systems for autonomous space vehicles. The function of the pointing control system is to keep distant orbiting objects within the field-of-view of an on-board optical sensor. We outline the development of novel nonlinear control algorithms which exploit the availability of on-board sensors. Simulation results comparing the performance of the different pointing control implementations are presented
Reconsideration of Weighting and Updating Procedures in the US CPI

In 2002, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) introduced a supplemental C-CPI-U employing a superlative formula to provide a closer approximation to a cost-of-living index (COLI). This paper focuses on whether the BLS can improve upon the headline CPI-U’s current biennial weight update process, thereby reducing the CPI-U’s growth rate and bringing the index closer to the C-CPI-U.
The violent Universe

In this paper I present some highlights from the “Astroparticle Physics” session, which I had the honor and the privilege to summarize in the plenary session. The excellent quality of the session and the large number of talks reflect the amount of new results obtained in the last year in this branch of physics. It was possible to include in my talk only a small fraction of what has been presented; I offer a personal, biased, and probably very limited view. It is surely not the only way to read and discuss the most recent years of research in this field so, take it as an introduction, and refer to the material presented in this proceedings, which I am sure will follow the excellent quality of the talks, to extract more precise and detailed information. Here, I focus on three main aspects that I found particularly relevant: the synergy between experiments, which to me is the key for turning an observation to a discovery, the issues that are still open, which could serve as inspiration for future work, and the prospects for the future.
Virtual Spaces: From the Past to the Future.

Space can be seen in many different ways. When an architect and a computer scientist look at Space they see very different things and yet sometimes they make surprisingly similar discoveries. As a computer scientist with strong research interests in visual languages I learned many things from the theory and practice of architecture. This talk on virtual spaces begins by discussing the origins of architectural pleasure and how the space of a dwelling can be divided into refuge and prospect according to Grant Hildebrand. This decomposition of space leads us naturally to consider spatial relations and patterns. On the pragmatic side we illustrate patterns by the works of Frank Lloyd Wright. On the theoretical side we consider Christopher Alexander's theory of patterns and its relationship to the theory of visual languages. After a discussion of William Mitchell's e-topia as an example of the V-topia, the virtual cities of the past, the present and the future are surveyed. An important ingredient of the virtual city is the interactive map. We can make an interactive map even more powerful by introducing the concept of the sentient map.
Not all mementos are created equal: measuring the impact of missing resources

Web archives do not always capture every resource on every page that they attempt to archive. This results in archived pages missing a portion of their embedded resources. These embedded resources have varying historic, utility, and importance values. The proportion of missing embedded resources does not provide an accurate measure of their impact on the Web page; some embedded resources are more important to the utility of a page than others. We propose a method to measure the relative value of embedded resources and assign a damage rating to archived pages as a way to evaluate archival success. In this paper, we show that Web users’ perceptions of damage are not accurately estimated by the proportion of missing embedded resources. In fact, the proportion of missing embedded resources is a less accurate estimate of resource damage than a random selection. We propose a damage rating algorithm that provides closer alignment to Web user perception, providing an overall improved agreement with users on memento damage by 17 % and an improvement by 51 % if the mementos have a damage rating delta $$>$$ 0.30. We use our algorithm to measure damage in the Internet Archive, showing that it is getting better at mitigating damage over time (going from a damage rating of 0.16 in 1998 to 0.13 in 2013). However, we show that a greater number of important embedded resources (2.05 per memento on average) are missing over time. Alternatively, the damage in WebCite is increasing over time (going from 0.375 in 2007 to 0.475 in 2014), while the missing embedded resources remain constant (13 % of the resources are missing on average). Finally, we investigate the impact of JavaScript on the damage of the archives, showing that a crawler that can archive JavaScript-dependent representations will reduce memento damage by 13.5 %.