cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Registration of high angular resolution diffusion MRI images using 4th order tensors

Registration of Diffusion Weighted (DW)-MRI datasets has been commonly achieved to date in literature by using either scalar or 2nd-order tensorial information. However, scalar or 2nd-order tensors fail to capture complex local tissue structures, such as fiber crossings, and therefore, datasets containing fiber-crossings cannot be registered accurately by using these techniques. In this paper we present a novel method for non-rigidly registering DW-MRI datasets that are represented by a field of 4th-order tensors. We use the Hellinger distance between the normalized 4th-order tensors represented as distributions, in order to achieve this registration. Hellinger distance is easy to compute, is scale and rotation invariant and hence allows for comparison of the true shape of distributions. Furthermore, we propose a novel 4th-order tensor retransformation operator, which plays an essential role in the registration procedure and shows significantly better performance compared to the re-orientation operator used in literature for DTI registration. We validate and compare our technique with other existing scalar image and DTI registration methods using simulated diffusion MR data and real HARDI datasets.
Modification of EcoRI restriction sites by Caulobacter vibrioides: Plasmid RP1; endonuclease susceptibility; stalked bacteria

Abstract A comparison of Eco RI digestion profiles of plasmid RP1 isolated from Caulobacter vibrioides WS48 and Escherichia coli CSH29 demonstrated that Eco RI sites were modified by WS48.
Clinically Significant Cardiac Amyloidosis. Clinicopathologic Findings in 15 Patients

Abstract Clinical and necropsy findings in 15 patients with cardiac dysfunction secondary to cardiac amyloidosis are described. The most reliable anatomic indicator of clinically significant cardiac amyloidosis was a firm, rubbery noncompliant myocardium on gross examination. Twelve of 15 patients had congestive cardiac failure that was not alleviated by digitalis therapy, and 8 patients had documented arrhythmias while receiving this drug. Amyloidosis appears to be a cause of congestive cardiac failure in which digitalis is contraindicated. Electrocardiograms in 14 patients showed low voltage of the QRS complex in 13, axis deviation in 10, conduction disturbances in 9, patterns similar to old myocardial infarction in 9 and arrhythmias in 6 patients. In 6 patients the intramural coronary arteries were narrowed by amyloid without significant coronary atherosclerosis: 3 of the 6 had angina pectoris, and 1 of the 3 a recent myocardial infarct. The diagnosis of clinically significant cardiac amyloidosis should be questioned in the absence of congestive cardiac failure and low voltage in the electrocardiogram.
Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly

Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most personally ­devastating diseases of the elderly. It has humiliating social consequences that touch every facet of the quality of life of the old person. One of the most debilitating consequences of UI in the elderly is a loss of self-esteem, which results in self-imposed social isolation. Elderly incontinent persons become prisoners in their own home due to the behavioral changes that occur from the personal fears and shame of UI. Many elderly people believe they are a victim of a disease without having any control over the personal and social consequences. As a result, they suffer in silence because of the shame and lack of awareness of successful treatment options. Because of the loss of self-esteem, treatment of UI in old people is usually deferred until the disease has become severe and the progressive symptoms have compromised many years of the life of the individual. Personal decisions about the treatment of UI often derive from feelings of desperation and shame rather than a careful consideration of the treatment options that meet the quality-of-life needs of the patient. Many elderly people have a strong reluctance to seek treatment or participate in treatment for incontinence because of personal feelings.
Parallel optical interconnect-a cost performance breakthrough

Recently, parallel optical interconnect (POI) prototypes and products have been designed to meet short distance (<200 meters) computer system and telecommunications switch system applications with low cost as a paramount objective. Optoelectronic chips and optical components were chosen for ease in packaging. This paper will describe the chips, packaging, cabling, design and testing tools, and system level testbeds developed for two of these projects: Jitney and OETC.
A Multi-Objective Model for Planning Equal Employment Opportunities.

Previous manpower planning models — e.g., in the OCMM series — have utilized multi-period Markoff processes embedded in goal programming (multiple objective) models. These are here extended to Equal Employment Opportunity plans directed to changing the mix of employees over time. At each point in the planning interval, the organization is taken as given, e.g., in terms of the probabilities for promotion, transfer, etc., When formulating manpower programs. Over time, however, these organization processes are submitted to planned changes which alter the probabilities of occurrence for these events. The Merit Promotion System is preserved and other controls are also imposed explicitly for the exercise of managerial discretion. The focus here is on an ordinary (absolute value) formulation of objectives and a numerical illustration is supplied with differing weights for each of the indicated classes of objectives. Other types of objectives are briefly discussed, along with different approaches to problems of validation and, subsequently, implementation in a U.S. Navy context.
The Influence of Network Governance Factors on Success in Open Source Software Development Projects

The phenomenon of open source software has lately caught the attention of both the popular press and many researchers in such diverse fields as MIS, computer science, sociology, and management. The organizational challenges faced by open source development projects are significant, because a project must deal with the complexity of coordinating the efforts of a geographically distributed base of volunteers to create a working software product. Based on a theoretical framework of network governance, the influence of social mechanisms on the coordination and safeguarding of exchanges among project members, and how these influence project success are examined. Using survey and objective data, 38 open source projects are empirically investigated to test a formal path model of network governance in open source projects. The model of network governance provides a good explanation of how governance mechanisms can influence success in open source projects, namely, restricted access to the development team improves coordination within the project and safeguards exchanges among project members. Further, collective sanctions safeguard exchanges among project members, and the importance of reputation to project members aids in managing conflicts within the project. Finally, better coordination allows a project to be more successful, while safeguarding exchanges does not appear to impact project success.
Energy aware non-preemptive scheduling for hard real-time systems

Slowdown based on dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) provides the ability to perform an energy-delay tradeoff in the system. Nonpreemptive scheduling becomes an integral part of systems where resource characteristics makes preemption undesirable or impossible. We address the problem of energy efficient scheduling of nonpreemptive tasks based on the earliest deadline first (EDF) scheduling policy. We present the stack based slowdown algorithm that builds upon the optimal feasibility test for nonpreemptive systems. We also propose a dynamic stack reclamation policy to further enhance energy savings. Simulation results show on an average 15% energy savings using static slowdown factors and 20% savings with dynamic slowdown, over known slowdown techniques.
Functional consequences of homo- but not hetero-oligomerization between transporters for the biogenic amine neurotransmitters.

Before this study, the human norepinephrine transporter (hNET) was the only member of the biogenic amine neurotransmitter transporter family that had not been demonstrated to be a functional homo-oligomer. Here, using two forms of the transporter, I155C and hNET-myc, with distinct antigenicity and inhibitor sensitivity, we demonstrated that hNET exists as a homo-oligomer. hNET I155C is a functional mutant and is sensitive to inactivation by the sulfhydryl reagent [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl]methanethiosulfonate, while hNET-myc is resistant to inactivation by this reagent. Coimmunoprecipitation of these two forms demonstrated that a physical interaction exists between norepinephrine transporter monomers. Further characterization of this physical interaction has revealed that the activity of norepinephrine transporters depends on interactions between monomers. Because norepinephrine transporters and serotonin transporters are the only two members of the neurotransmitter transporter family endogenously expressed in the cell membrane of the same cells, placental syncytiotrophoblasts, we tested the ability of norepinephrine transporters and serotonin transporters to associate and function in a hetero-oligomeric form. Similarly, coexpression of hNET-myc with serotonin transporter-FLAG showed a physical interaction in coimmunoprecipitation assays. However, coexpression of serotonin and norepinephrine transporters did not sensitize norepinephrine transporter activity to inhibition by citalopram, a selective serotonin transport inhibitor. Thus, the norepinephrine transporter–serotonin transporter physical association did not produce functional consequences. Based on this, we propose that the transporters for biogenic amine neurotransmitters interact functionally in homo- but not hetero-oligomeric forms.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin type C.

The Type C staphylococcal enterotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus strain FRI-909 has been crystallized using a combination of two precipitants, ammonium sulfate and polyethylene glycol 400, with the addition of small amounts of detergent. Two related crystal forms have been obtained, one triclinic, and one tetragonal, both with one toxin molecule per asymmetric unit. These crystals are stable for at least 75 hr in the X-ray beam and diffract to at least 2.2 and 2.6 A, respectively. The triclinic crystals have unit cell parameters a = 38.5 A, b = 43.7 A, c = 36.9 A, and interaxial angles α = 99.9°, β = 95.8°, and γ = 98.5°. The tetragonal crystals are of space group P4122 with unit cell parameters a = 43.4 A and c = 278.0 A. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
1H, 15N, 13C resonance assignments of the reduced and active form of human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, PRL-1.

Phosphatase of regenerating liver-1 (PRL-1) is a novel target for potentially treating cancer metastases. Although its specific biochemical role in these processes has yet to be delineated, considerable evidence suggests the phosphatase activity of PRL-1 is required for promoting cancer and metastasis. PRL-1 belongs to the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) family and functions using the CX5R consensus active site motif. Like other PTPases, PRL-1 is inhibited by oxidation at its active site Cys, however, disulfide bond formation occurs unusually readily in wild-type PRL-1. Chemical shift assignments are available for oxidized wild type, but numerous, substantial changes are observed in the spectra upon reduction. Because the reduced form is active, we sought to identify a stable mutant that would resist oxidation and be useful for facilitating drug screening and development using NMR-based assays. We present here NMR assignments for a full-length, reduced and active form of PRL-1, PRL-1-C170S-C171S, that is well suited for this purpose.
Variable Production of African American English Across Oracy and Literacy Contexts

Many African American students produce African American English (AAE) features that are contrastive to Standard American English (SAE). The AAE-speaking child who is able to dialect shift, that is, to speak SAE across literacy contexts, likely will perform better academically than the student who is not able to dialect shift. Method: This investigation examined the AAE productions of 50 typically developing African American third graders across three language contexts—picture description, oral reading of SAE text, and writing. Results: All participants produced AAE during picture description. A downward shift in contrastive AAE features was evident between spoken discourse and the literacy contexts. More students produced more AAE features during picture description than writing. Both morphosyntactic and phonological features characterized the picture description context. Phonological features predominated during oral reading. In contrast, morphosyntactic features were the most dominant feature in writing...
Hydrodynamic sizes of functional hydrophilic QDs

Semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have a great potential for use in biological assays and imaging, due to their unique optical properties. These inorganic nanocrystals are coated with ligands (bifunctional ligands, amphiphilic polymers, phospholipids) that provide them with both hydrophilicity and functionalization. The nanoparticle hydrodynamic radius and electric charge are particularly important parameters as they influence properties such as their diffusion inside live cells or tissues. Techniques such as transmission electron microscopy probe only the nanocrystal core size and don't take into account the size of the ligand coating. We use dynamic light scattering (DLS) to characterize the hydrodynamic diameter (DH) and polydispersity of CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs capped with various types of hydrophilic surface coatings (dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), poly(ethylene glycols)-terminated dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA-PEG), amphiphilic polymers, and the native trioctylphosphine/trioctylphosphine oxide (TOP/TOPO) used for solubilization in organic solvents), and of QDs/proteins conjugates. We observe a consistent increase in the hydrodynamic radius with the increasing size of the inorganic core and with the lateral extension of the hydrophilic coating materials. We complement our studies with a derivation of the zeta potential and effective charge of nanoparticles capped with purely charged ligands (DHLA) or encapsulated in a charged polymer using agarose gel electrophoresis. These properties are extremely relevant for designing assay and sensing schemes based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) as well as diffusion in live cells, for instance.
Programming and algorithms II: A second course in computer science

Ohio State's school year is divided into four quarters, each ten weeks long. It is possible to schedule classes to meet three, four, or five hours per week. (The latter with 50 class meetings is similar to a three semester hour course.) Most students attend classes for three of the four quarters. Because the amount of material covered in a programming class is proportional to the number and quality of programs completed, we have chosen a two quarter sequence, each course meeting three days a week. The students receive four quarter hours credit (one hour of laboratory credit) for each course. The students in this sequence are mostly computer and information science majors, but there are also many mathematics and some science and engineering majors. There are other courses for administrative science, engineering and other non-technical students. All the introductory courses are taught by graduate students under the supervision of a faculty member.
Synthesis of Well-Defined Amphiphilic Block Copolymers with 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate by Controlled Radical Polymerization

Amphiphilic AB block copolymers of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, or styrene have been synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization using well-defined poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl acrylate), and polystyrene as macroinitiators. The molecular weight distributions of the block copolymers are very narrow (Mw/Mn ∼ 1.2). Kinetic studies indicate the block copolymer formation is a controlled process with molecular weight increase linearly with the conversion. Block copolymers containing different lengths of PDMAEMA segment can be easily prepared by varying the ratio of DMAEMA and macroinitiator. ABA triblock copolymers of PDMAEMA−PMMA−PDMAEMA have also been prepared using difunctional PMMA macroinitiator. Clean chain extension to form block copolymer has been achieved when PMMA and PMA were used as the macroinitiators. The molecular weight distributions of the resulting block copolymers are fairly narrow. However, a less complete chain ext...
Making scents out of how olfactory neurons are ordered in space

Many sensory brain areas are characterized by a specific spatial organization, with neurons being ordered according to their similarity in receptive field properties. A surprising new study provides evidence that the organization of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb violates this anatomical principle, suggesting that olfaction might work by a different set of rules.
Bounded-leg distance and reachability oracles

In a weighted, directed graph an L-bounded leg path is one whose constituent edges have length at most L. For any fixed L, computing L-bounded leg shortest paths is just as easy as the standard shortest path algorithm. In this paper we study approximate distance oracles (and reachability oracles) for bounded leg path problems, where the leg bound L is not known in advance, but forms part of the query. Bounded-leg path problems are more complicated than standard shortest path problems because the number of distinct shortest paths between two vertices (over all leg bounds) could be as large as the number of edges in the graph. The bounded leg constraint models situations where there is some limited resource that must be spent when traversing an edge. For example, the size of a fuel tank or the life of a battery places a hard limit on how far a vehicle can travel in one leg before refueling or recharging. Someone making a long road trip may place a hard limit on how many hours they are willing to drive in any one day. Our main result is a nearly optimal algorithm for preprocessing a directed graph in order to answer approximate bounded leg distance and bounded leg shortest path queries. In particular, we can preprocess any graph in O(n3) time, producing a data structure with size O(n2) that answers (1 + ∈)-approximate bounded leg distance queries in O(log log n) time. If the corresponding (1 + ∈)-approximate shortest path has l edges it can be returned in O(l log log n) time. These bounds are all within polylog(n) factors of the best standard all-pairs shortest path algorithm and improve substantially the previous best bounded leg shortest path algorithm, whose preprocessing time and space are O(n4) and O(n2.5). We also consider bounded leg oracles in other situations. In the context of planar directed graphs we give a time-space tradeoff for answering bounded leg reachability queries. For any k ≥ 2 we can build a data structure with size O(kn1+1/k) that answers reachability queries in time O(nk−1/2k).
Planetary wave modes in the thermocline: Non-Doppler-shift mode, advective mode and Green mode

A quasi-geostrophic theory is proposed for planetary waves in the extratropical thermocline. It is shown that planetary wave propagation, structure and stability can be affected significantly by the mean thermocline flow. One major planetary wave mode is the non-Doppler-shift mode, which resembles the first baroclinic mode and has a strong signature in both the sea surface height and the bottom of the thermocline. This mode propagates westward regardless of the mean flow. However, consistent with recent works, the westward propagation speed can be modestly enhanced by the mean flow. Another major planetary wave mode is the advective mode which bears some resemblance to the second baroclinic mode and has a strong signature in the upper thermocline temperature field. In the region of strong westward thermocline flow and shear, such as the south-western part of the North Pacific subtropical gyre, an unstable Green mode is produced by the coupling of the non-Doppler-shift mode and the advective mode. This unstable Green mode may have e-folding times of a few years for a wave hundreds of kilometers in length. The structure of the Green mode contains the features of the second baroclinic mode with a strong signature in the upper-thermocline. The Green mode always propagates westward. Finally, we discuss the relevance of our theory to recent observations.
Compassionate use of sorafenib in patients with advanced renal cell cancer.

Abstract Background In 2005, a phase III trial demonstrated a significant increase in progression-free survival in patients with renal cell cancer (RCC) treated with sorafenib versus placebo. While awaiting the full review by the US Federal Drug Administration, we initiated a treatment protocol as a mechanism for providing sorafenib to patients with advanced RCC but who were ineligible for other sorafenib clinical trials, also known as “compassionate use.” In December 2005, sorafenib became commercially available, and this protocol was closed. Herein, we report our single-institution experience with this study. Patients and Methods Eligibility criteria included adults with advanced RCC with adequate organ function and performance status (PS). Treatment consisted of sorafenib 400 mg orally twice a day. Results We enrolled 14 patients. The median age was 64 years, and PS was 2. All had metastatic RCC that had progressed after a median of 2 therapies. One patient (7%) had a partial response, and 3 (21%) had stable disease, for a clinical benefit rate of 29%. Severe toxicities included 1 patient with each of grade 4 thrombocytopenia, grade 3 warfarin-induced coagulopathy (drug-to-drug interaction), hypertension, diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, rash, and headache. Five subjects received concomitant radiation therapy without unexpected toxicities. Conclusion Sorafenib has modest activity in patients with advanced RCC who have progressed after multiple therapies.
Network solutions for employing COTS radios in multi-sector directional architectures

Central to this paper is the use of electronically-steered directional antennas with COTS radio technology to increase performance. In this paper, we describe a multi-sector wireless architecture using several such radios/antennas in a complete system. We discuss networking issues and solutions that arise due to this architecture including link discovery, signal tracking, handover, and the coordination of these between nodes. We also introduce the concept of using a ldquogateway aliasrdquo which provides transparent routing by allowing multiple radios to appear as a single node. The system has been implemented using high gain, switched-beam directional antennas and tested in an operational environment. Results and future direction are discussed.
Primary gastric T cell lymphoma mimicking marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

Primary gastric T cell lymphoma is rare and mostly of large cell type. In this paper, we present a case of gastric T cell lymphoma morphologically similar to the gastric marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Morphologically, the cells are small with abundant clear cytoplasm. Lymphoepithelial lesions are readily identified with diffuse destruction of gastric glands. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells are CD3+/CD4+/CD8−/Granzyme B−. Molecular studies revealed monoclonal T cell receptor γ gene rearrangement. Clinically, the patient responded initially to four cycles of R-CHOP, but then progressed. Because peripheral T cell lymphoma is usually associated with a poor prognosis, whereas marginal zone B cell lymphoma is an indolent lymphoproliferative disorder, this morphologic mimicry should be recognized and completely investigated when atypical small lymphoid infiltrates with lymphoepithelial lesions are encountered in the stomach.
Healed Fractures in the Neural Spines of an Associated Skeleton of Dimetrodon: Implications for Dorsal Sail Morphology and Function

Abstract Hyperelongate neural spines forming a prominent dorsal “sail” are known in eight genera distributed between two families of pelycosaurian-grade synapsids. Although the function(s) of the sail remain disputed, most researchers assume that resilient soft tissue stretched between the elongate neural spines, extending to the distal tips. Hypotheses to explain the purpose of the sail have included thermoregulation (Romer & Price, 1940; Bramwell & Fellgett, 1973; Haack, 1986; Tracy et al., 1986; Bennett, 1996; Florides et al., 1999) and sexual selection (Tomkins et al., 2010). In this paper, we analyze the natural pathologies found in the neural spines of a very large pelycosaur, Dimetrodon giganhomogenes, as a natural experiment: What would ensue in the event of sail breakage and what does that tell us about sail structure, development, maintenance, and the orientation of the sail? A series of seven associated neural spines from fmnh UC 1134 demonstrate subtle though distinctly abnormal rugosities, a ...
The Seeded Growth of Calcium Phosphates on Dentin and Predentin

The in vitro mineralization of predentin (PD) and of the organic component of dentin (OD) has been studied in a supersaturated solution of calcium phosphate at 37 C and pH = 7.4 at total calcium and phosphate concentrations close to those in vivo. The mineralization of OD can be divided into at least three periods based upon the morphology and the specific surface area of the mineral phase formed. Dissolution of the newly precipitated mineral on OD revealed a stoichiometry close to that for octacalcium phosphate. In contrast, PD was ineffective as a crystal nucleator. The mineralization of the inorganic component of dentin (ID) and whole dentin (D) has also been examined.
Progeria: insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.

INSULIN RESISTANCE has been cons ide red a fea tu re of Hu tch inson -Gi l fo rd s y n d r o m e ( H G S ) because o f the r educed hypog lycemic effects o f exogenous insulin ~,2 and the findings of inordina te ly e leva ted levels o f r ad io immunoassayab le insulin dur ing sleep. 2 H y p e r g l y c e m i a has not been descr ibed previously in a pa t ien t wi th proger ia , sugges t ing tha t the insulin res i s t ance is modes t and tha t panc rea t i c reserve is capab le of mee t ing the increased d e m a n d for insulin.
A survey of software design techniques

Software design is the process which translates requirements into a detailed design representation of a software system. It is argued that good software design is the key to reliable and understandable software. Important techniques for software design, including architectural and detailed design stages, are surveyed. Recent advances in distributed software system design methodologies are also reviewed. To ensure software quality, various design verification and validation techniques are discussed. In addition, current software metrics and error-resistant software design methodologies are considered. Future research in software design is considered.
Approximate Synthesis of Tem Mode Transmission-Type Directional Filters

An approximate synthesis technique is described for TEM mode transmission-type directional filters for which only a hand-held electronic calculator is required to compute the element values. In the example given the element values differ by less than 1.5% from the values calculated by an exact technique. The sole disadvantage of this approximate method is that one cannot accurately predict the response of the filter in the very far stopband.
Does Investment in ICT Curb or Create More Corruption? A Cross-Country Analysis

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been increasingly advocated as a solution to deal with a corruption problem. However, whether these investments can reduce or lead to more corruption is still unanswered. In this study, we show that the country’s investment in ICT can have both negative and positive effect on corruption. Although the increase in ICT investment provides technology infrastructures that can effectively monitor and control corruption, more investment itself can also provide an opportunity for corruption to occur.
Synchronization and Imposed Bifurcations in the Presence of Large Parameter Mismatch

Using experimental and numerical systems, we show that it is possible to maintain excellent synchronization between a drive and a response system even when there is a large (50%) parameter mismatch between them, and they are coupled only through a scalar signal. By optimizing the coupling consistent with a stability constraint, we show that a consequence of the optimized coupling is that the synchronization is maintained even in the presence of bifurcations in the drive system, despite the condition that the response parameters are held constant.
Genetic code correlations: Amino acids and their anticodon nucleotides

The data here show direct correlations between both the hydrophobicity and the hydrophilicity of the homocodonic amino acids and their anticodon nucleotides. While the differences between properties of uracil and cytosine derivatives are small, further data show that uracil has an affinity for charged species. Although these data suggest that molecular relationships between amino acids and anticodons were responsible for the origin of the code, it is not clear what the mechanism of the origin might have been.
Application Considerations in Handling Effects of SCR Generated Harmonics in Cement Plants

Loads that inject harmonics into power distribution systems have existed for many years. Such harmonics produced by discontinuous conducting devices and nonlinear loads created few recognized problems for most cement plant power distribution systems installed prior to 1960 because of the small amount of harmonic generating loads present on such systems. With the advent of large thyristor-controlled equipment, considerable attention has been directed to harmonic currents required by such loads and the resultant harmonic voltages produced by the passage of such currents through the power system.
Relationships between Functional Attributes and Molecular Structures of Amylose and Amylopectin Fractions from Corn Starch

Understanding starch structure−function relationships is vital to the continued development for new uses for starch. Fractionated corn amylose and amylopectin, with known molecular weights, chain lengths, and branching and crystalline ratios, were studied for pasting, gel textural, and retrogradation properties by rapid viscoanalysis, textural profile analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Amylose fractions with weight-average molecular weights (Mw) of 2.47−1.36E+05 had chain number-average degrees of polymerization (DPn) of 500−1000, 0−1 branch points per 1000 glucose units, higher setbacks, and high final viscosities and resulted in firmer gels than their lower Mw counterparts. Cohesiveness was inversely proportional to crystallinity, while stringiness increased with increasing DPn. Amylopectin fractions of low Mw (7.89−7.08E+07) with high branching ratios (>1.5), short branch chains (weight-average degree of polymerization, 15−18), and crystallinity >28% had high peak temperatures and low pea...
Hot Electron Reliability Effects in Lateral PNP Transistors

A failure mechanism of bipolar lateral PNP transistors in medium voltage integrated circuits has been observed. The failure mechanism is characterized by inversion layer conduction between emitter and collector of the devices resulting from the trapping of hot electrons in the dielectric. A model of the mechanism has been developed which explains the observed temperature and voltage acceleration.
Synthesis of inositol 1,2-(cyclic)-4,5-trisphosphate

Abstract We have developed a method for synthesis of inositol 1,2-(cyclic)-4,5-trisphosphate from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate using a water-soluble carbodiimide. We obtained 1-1.5 mumol of the inositol cyclic trisphosphate starting with 5 mumol of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. The cyclized product was isolated by HPLC on Partisil SAX. The identity of the cyclic product was verified by its hydrolysis to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in acid and by its conversion to 1,2-(cyclic)-4-bisphosphate by a specific 5-phosphomonoesterase from platelets. We also identified the product by 31P NMR spectroscopy, which showed a peak at 17.2 ppm, characteristic of a five-membered cyclic phosphodiester ring, and peaks at 4.1 ppm and 0.8 ppm, indicative of phosphomonoesters. This relatively simple method for producing inositol 1,2-(cyclic)-4,5-trisphosphate will facilitate studies of the physiology of this compound in signal transduction.
A trap activation model for hydrogen retention and isotope exchange in some refractory marterials

Abstract Our recently, developed Local Mixing Model (LMM) has been successful in describing and predicting the properties of hydrogen retention and isotope exchange for a variety of refractory materials. For some materials, however, the detailed predictions of the LMM are not observed. A Trap Activation Model (TAM) is proposed here to account for the observed departures from the LMM. Comparison of experimental room temperature saturation depth profiles for H + → Si with the predictions of TAM suggests that the hydrogen traps are multiple-vacancy complexes in this system. The observed profiles result from a beam-induced competition between trap creation/ annihilation and H-trapping/detrapping.
Distribution of the ratio of gamma variates

The distribution of the ratio of independent gamma variates x and y each with shape parameters unity is studied, the ratio being t=x/(x+y). The problem arises from a model of ionic current fluctuations in biological membranes. Moments of the distribution are found, and an algorithm relating the fundamental parameter to the mean. This is used to set up percentage points. The moment estimator of the fundamental ratio parameter is defined as a series using Faa di Bruno's formulas for derivatives of a composite function (function of a function). Terms to order four in the sample size are given for mean and variance and compared to assessment using Pearson-Tukey transformations.
Destructive Testing under Simulated Hurricane Effects to Promote Hazard Mitigation

The human and financial toll of hurricanes on U.S. east and gulf coast communities has been immense. The International Hurricane Research Center at Florida International University focuses on a first-of-its-kind full-scale destructive testing method that can lead to understanding of hurricane-structure interaction and development of effective mitigation measures. Analogous to the effective study of the failure modes during crash testing, significantly enhancing automobile safety, and performance analysis through shake-table testing to improve seismic resistance of buildings, hurricane engineering research will improve building resiliency through full-scale destructive testing, and raise the public's awareness of the need to improve building safety and of the means to achieve this goal. This paper describes the full-scale destructive testing concept, details applications through pilot tests, illustrates the scientific approach underlying the current testing method, and discusses future plans to develop innovative techniques to mitigate hurricane destruction. This research is a necessary condition for available and affordable insurance, which is paramount to sustain the economy of the U.S. coastal states.
Study of 83-Neutron Nuclei by Deuteron Stripping Reactions

A study of the 83-neutron nuclei ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{138}$, ${\mathrm{La}}^{139}$, and ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{141}$ was made by the ($d, p$) stripping reaction with 11-MeV deuterons. The outgoing protons were analyzed with a magnetic spectrometer, and angular distributions were measured for the well-resolved states. Excited levels, with spins and parities indicated in parentheses, were found at 0 ($\frac{7}{2}$-), 0.59 ($\frac{3}{2}$-), 1.07, 1.39, 1.67 ($\frac{5}{2}$-), 1.20 (\textonehalf{}-), 2.44 (\textonehalf{}-) MeV in ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{139}$; at 0 (${g}_{\frac{7}{2}}{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$), 0.25 (${g}_{\frac{7}{2}}{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$), 0.60 (${g}_{\frac{7}{2}}{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$), 0.71 (${g}_{\frac{7}{2}}{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$), 1.02, 1.31, 1.37, 1.46, 1.80, 1.88, 1.95, and 2.13 MeV in ${\mathrm{La}}^{140}$ (${d}_{\frac{5}{2}}{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$), 0.62 (${d}_{\frac{5}{2}}{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$), 1.02 (${d}_{\frac{5}{2}}{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$), 1.38 (${d}_{\frac{5}{2}}{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$), and 2.12 MeV in ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{142}$. The angular distributions were fitted with a distorted-wave Born approximation calculation to determine the angular momentum transfer. The absolute $Q$ values obtained agree with previous measurements. A comparison is made with earlier measurements on the 83-neutron nucleus ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{141}$.
ESRD patients using permanent vascular access report greater physical activity compared with catheter users

Purpose Low levels of physical activity among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are associated with increased risk of hospitalization and mortality, and contributors to low activity levels are important to identify. Among hemodialysis (HD) patients, use of a central venous catheter (CVC) might impede physical activity due to factors such as infection or patient fear of catheter dislodgement.
Effect of selenium dioxide on the accumulation and acute toxicity of mercuric chloride in goldfish.

Acute toxicity tests showed that selenium dioxide was a strong antagonist against mercuric chloride toxicity in goldfish. Paradoxically, whole body accumulations of total mercury were found to be significantly increased with the administration of Se. Maximum binding of Hg to fish was produced by approximately equimolar experimental concentrations of Hg and Se, but higher levels of Se reduced this binding. The greater the Hg accumulation the greater was the ability to survive a given environmental Hg concentration. Much of the Hg was in the skin and surface mucus on the gills and body; however, Se also increased Hg concentration in the inner tissues of the fish.
Three‐dimensional structure of the bronchial microcirculation in sheep

Background: The bronchial circulation affects both pulmonary vascular and airway activity. Fundamental to understanding the role of the bronchial microcirculation in health and disease is understanding its anatomy. This study sought to identify specific structural elements that might contribute to the drop that occurs between the systemic blood pressure of the bronchial artery and the low pressure of the pulmonary bed into which the bronchial circulation flows and to better describe the connections of the bronchial and pulmonary circulations. METHODS: To do this, the lungs of five sheep were cast by injecting a resin through bronchial and pulmonary arteries. After taking samples for light microscopy, the tissue was digested and the casts were viewed with a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Casts of extrapulmonary bronchial arteries were structurally similar to other systemic arteries. Tortuous ones spiraled around bronchi and large blood vessels. Intrapulmonary bronchial arteries, about 100–300 μm in diameter, had sharp branching and deep focal constrictions with great rugosity that completely shut off the flow of the resin. These vessels correspond to the Sperrarterien described by von Hayek (and could cause the resistance associated with the pressure drop). Vasa vasorum ran in the walls of intrapulmonary pulmonary arteries for a variable distance before they entered the lumens of the pulmonary arteries. The smallest blood vessel found that was supplied with vasa vasorum was a bronchial artery 42 μm in diameter. Capillary-like networks with large luminal diameters were found on the pleural surface. CONCLUSIONS: Scanning electron microscopy of microvasular casts provides a fresh description of the bronchial circulation, further delineates the communications of these two circulations, and may structurally account for some pressure drop between the bronchial and pulmonary circulations. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pancreatitis in children and adolescents

Normal serum amylase values were established for the pediatric age group (47.7±28.6 mg/dl); these are higher than previously stated. Average serum amylase values increased with increasing age (r=0.55). The three commonest causes of pancreatitis in 54 patients studied were drug induced (16), idiopathic (10), and traumatic (7). Prednisone was the most frequently implicated drug. Midepigastric pain and vomiting were the presenting symptoms in 75% of the patients. Serum amylase values were more than three times normal in 63.8% of patients; 17% of patients presented with normal serum amylase values. The typical patient received intravenous therapy for 5.4 days and was hospitalized for 9.4 days. Treatment with antibiotic and anticholinergic drugs did not alter mortality or morbidity rates. Mortality rate for acute interstitial pancreatitis was 17.5%, and for acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis was 86%.
Study of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well structures grown by MOVPE using tertiarybutylarsine

Tertiarybutylarsine (TBAs) was utilized in the fabrication of GaAs A1GaAs and GaAs/A1GaAs structures in a Low Pressure - Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (LP-MOVPE) system. Good quality epitaxial layers were achieved at 700 C with V/LI! ratio of 50. Undoped GaAs and AI (x 3-0. 6) layers were p-type with typical background carrier concentrations of mid 1014 cm3 and 1016 cm3 range respectively. Carbon could be used as p-type dopant in A1GaAS layers by controlling the TBAs mole fraction. Double-heterostructure lasers were fabricated and showed a threshold current density of 500 A/cm2. GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures produced photoluminescence spectra with very narrow FWHM comparable to arsine-grown samples. Electro-absorptive waveguide modulator with MQW active layer demonstrated more than 2: 1 modulation ratio at the energy far below the QW exciton absorption peak. The deposition of 111-V compound semiconductors by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) is normally accomplished with gaseous group V precursors. These sources arsine (AsH3) and phosphine (PH3) are highly toxic and are stored in high pressure cylinders. Thus careful handlings are required to avoid accidental leakage. Lately a number of less hazardous arsenic compounds have been investigated as alternative As sources Methyl ethyl and butyl groups are substituted for one or more of the hydrogen atoms in arsine. In particular Tertiarybutylarsine (TBAs) has been most successful in growing high quality GaAs and A1GaAS films and useful electronic devices have
Anomalous inferior vena cava associated with horseshoe kidneys

Two cases are presented in which anomalies of the inferior vena cava were associated with horseshoe kidneys. Radiological demonstration of such combined variation is rare, only one case of duplicated inferior vena cava with horseshoe kidney having been found in the literature. The embryological basis for these anomalies is reviewed. A possible explanation for their coexisting occurrence is also speculatively raised.
Fabrication of Liquid‐Infused Surfaces Using Reactive Polymer Multilayers: Principles for Manipulating the Behaviors and Mobilities of Aqueous Fluids on Slippery Liquid Interfaces

The design of slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) using nanoporous and chemically reactive polymer multilayers is reported. This approach permits fabrication of slippery anti-fouling coatings on complex surfaces and provides new means to manipulate the mobilities of contacting aqueous fluids. The results expand the range of tools that can be used to manipulate the behaviors of SLIPS and open the door to new applications of this emerging class of soft materials.
Lymphatic changes in retroperitoneal lipomatosis

Retroperitoneal lipomatosis is a condition in which excessive fat deposits in the retroperitoneum can exert a mass effect, with displacement of normal structures. In the case presented, it displaced lymph nodes and simulated adenopathy in nonopacified nodes. The specific diagnosis of retroperitoneal lipomatosis as the cause of the mass effect can be made by computerized tomography.
High piezoelectric actuation response in graded Nd2O3 and ZrO2 doped BaTiO3 structures

High electromechanical strains have been developed in this study in Barium Titanate ceramics, suitably doped with Nd and Zr to form a controlled concentration gradient, leading to a dome-like structure on sintering. Compacted pellets constituted of layers of barium titanate powder of varying minor amounts of Nd and Zr powders, incorporated as nitrates precursors, acquire this dome shape on sintering at 1300–1320oC and cooling to the ambient temperature, the result of the residual thermoelastic strain. The dome structures exhibit high electromechanical responses, and the piezoelectric coefficients (deduced from electric field induced strains measurements in dome-up and dome-down positions) are also found to be exceptionally high. These Nd and Zr doped barium titanate structures could find applications as an environmentally benign material for fabrication of high displacement functionally graded electromechanical actuators in a single sintering step process.
Gifts of tongues and healing: The performance of charismatic renewal

Behavioral researchers interested in religious movements have not studied the phenomena of speaking in tongues and healing nor the subculture of renewal from the native's point of view; moreover, they have not viewed such behavior as cultural performance. This qualitative case study of one American Christian subculture reveals the performative dimensions of charismatic renewal. Religious beliefs in the community find particular expression in the public rituals of speaking in tongues and healing, which support the cultural performance of renewal. Cultural performance not only unites participants and reaffirms their place in the local religious community, but it also gives members purpose in their social life in general. The dimensions of “intimacy” and “community” capture both the intrapersonal response to God and the interpersonal, public performance. Ritual performance as an enactment of the sacred is one cultural form linking individuals to the community constituting their religious experience.
Individual differences in controllability of social defeat stress as a predictor for escalated cocaine self-administration

Conclusions: Results indicated three high-risk subgroups of adolescents, each characterized by a different pattern of substance use. Two risk groups are characterized by relatively high probabilities of prescription medication misuse. Financial support: This research was supported by research grants R01DA024678 and R01DA031160 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health.
Halocarbon and arene coordination of lithium(I) in (1-anilino-3-phenyliminopropenyl)chloro(methyl)aluminium bis

The crystal structure of the title compound, [AlCl(CH3)-(C15H13N2)]­[Li(C24BF20)]2­·C6H6, is reported. The unusual coordination features of the lithium(I) cation, including Li-atom coordination to six organohalogen atoms and the shortest Li—F(C) distances so far observed, are discussed.
Unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite laminae

An algorithm for the computation of the homogenized material properties of unidirectional fiber-reinforced laminae is described. The method of extraction is such that superconvergence is realized. It is shown that the homogenized material properties are substantially independent of the number of RVEs. An algorithm for the determination of the micromechanical solution over an RVE (localization) is described and the conditions that predictors of failure initiation must satisfy are stated.