cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Docking of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) to the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane: A PENTABASIC AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IN THE AUTOINHIBITORY DOMAIN OF eNOS TARGETS A PROTEINASE K-CLEAVABLE PEPTIDE ON THE CYTOPLASMIC FACE OF MITOCHONDRIA *

Despite growing evidence for a mitochondrial localization of nitric oxide (NO) synthase and a broadening spectrum of NO actions on mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis, the basis for interaction between the enzyme and the organelle remain obscure. Here we investigated mitochondrial localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human embryonic kidney cells transfected or infected with eNOS expression vectors. Copurification of eNOS with mitochondria was observed in both human umbilical vein endothelial cells and eNOS-expressing human embryonic kidney cells. Immunodetectable eNOS was cleaved from mitochondria by proteinase K treatment, suggesting eNOS association with the outer mitochondrial membrane. Localization of eNOS to a proteinase K-cleavable site on the cytoplasmic face of the outer membrane was confirmed by immunogold labeling of non-permeabilized mitochondria. Markers for mitochondrial subfractions ruled out the possibility of eNOS association with an intramitochondrial site or inverted mitochondrial particles. Denaturation of eNOS did not attenuate association with mitochondria. Mutant eNOS lacking a pentabasic amino acid sequence within the autoinhibitory domain (residues 628-632 of the bovine eNOS) showed dramatically reduced binding to the mitochondrial but not to the plasma membrane, which was associated with increased oxygen consumption. Collectively, these findings argue in favor of eNOS localization to the outer mitochondrial membrane in endothelial cells and identify elements of a novel anchoring mechanism.
Distribution of calmodulin in insects as determined by radioimmunoassay.

Abstract 1. The distribution of calmodulin in 11 separate tissues of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae was determined by radioimmunoassay. The highest levels of this protein were found in Malpighian tubules, visceral muscle and the central nervous system. 2. Distribution of calmodulin was also determined for the following insect species: Apis mellifera , Canthon imitator, Heliothis zea (larvae) and Periplaneta americana . Abdominal tissues contained the highest levels of the calcium binding protein, while lesser amounts were found in the thorax and head. 3. The detected levels of calmodulin suggest that this protein serves as an important regulator of biochemical functions in the viscera and nervous system of insects.
Care Coordination and Unmet Specialty Care Among Children With Special Health Care Needs

OBJECTIVES: Care coordination and the medical home may ensure access to specialty care. Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) have higher rates of specialty care use and unmet need compared with the general pediatric population. We hypothesized that care coordination, regardless of whether it was provided in a medical home, would decrease unmet specialty care needs among CSHCN and that the effect of care coordination would be greater among low-income families. METHODS: Secondary data analysis of participants in the 2009–2010 National Survey of CSHCN who reported unmet specialty care needs and for whom care coordination and medical home status could be determined ( n = 18 905). Logistic regression models explored the association of unmet need with care coordination and medical home status adjusting for household income. RESULTS: Approximately 9% of CSHCN reported having unmet specialty care needs. Care coordination was associated with reduced odds of unmet specialty care need (without a medical home, odds ratio: 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.47–0.86; within a medical home, odds ratio: 0.22, 95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.29) with a greater reduction among those receiving care coordination within a medical home versus those receiving care coordination without a medical home. We did not find differences in the impact of care coordination by percentage of the federal poverty level. CONCLUSIONS: Care coordination is associated with family report of decreased unmet specialty care needs among CSHCN independent of household income. The effect of care coordination is greater when care is received in a medical home.
92 Quantification of the risk of recurrence in tuberculosis

PURPOSE: The authors intend to quantify the risk of recurrent tuberculosis among patients treated in South Carolina, USA. Recurrent tuberculosis occurs due to a complex of behavioral, therapeutic and clinical factors. METHODS: This registry-based, case-control study was conducted using data provided by the Department of Health and Environmental Control of South Carolina on tuberculosis patients seen between 1970 and 1999. 430 patients who developed subsequent tuberculosis more than one year after discharge from previous supervision met the criteria for recurrent tuberculosis and were enrolled as cases. Tuberculosis patients with no reported recurrence, matched on year of initial diagnosis, were enrolled as systematically sampled controls. Cases and controls were evaluated with respect to compliance with treatment, treatment regimen, duration of treatment, positive initial culture, adverse effects of medication, whether and when the course of treatment was finished, presence of risk factors such as family history of TB or alcohol consumption, and demographic information. RESULTS: Poor compliance with treatment was the strongest risk factor associated with relapse (OR = 3.24, 95%CI 1.41–7.44). Patients treated with low potency regimen, those with adverse effects to medication, and patients with a history of alcohol abuse were more likely to have recurrent tuberculosis. Although there was a disproportionate representation of African-Americans in the study population, no association was observed between race and recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that despite the availability of potent drugs, recurrent TB is still a public health problem. Evaluation of patients for compliance through directly observed treatment improves case holding and reduces the likelihood of acquired drug resistance.
Promoting cognitive, emotional, and spiritual client change: The infusion of solution-focused counseling and ritual therapy

Solution-focused brief counseling offers clients an opportunity to find solutions to problems and evoke cognitive change. This treatment modality is criticized for negating the emotional and spiritual aspects of client change. The authors propose that the inclusion of rituals in solution-focused brief counseling can enhance the counseling experience for clients by encouraging meaningful cognitive, emotional, and spiritual change. A new model, Brief Solution Rituals, was developed to incorporate the use of rituals into solution-focused counseling. The 6-phase model, example clinical scenarios, and a case study are presented in this article. The strengths and potential limitations of the new model are discussed.
A two-stage model for concurrent sequences.

Abstract Schneider and Davison [Schneider, S.M., Davison, M., 2005. Demarcated response sequences and the generalised matching law. Behav. Proc. 70, 51–61] showed that the generalised matching law applied to concurrent free-operant two-response sequences. When sufficient temporal spacing is required between the responses, however, neither the response-level nor the sequence-level forms of the generalised matching law provide good fits. An alternative “two-stage sensitivity” model with fewer free parameters features two types of sensitivity to the reinforcement contingencies on sequences. When temporal spacing between the responses is long, the “response distribution sensitivity” parameter describes sensitivity only of the individual responses to the sequence-level contingencies. At a threshold level, this sensitivity reaches a maximum. When spacing is shorter than threshold, the “response order sensitivity” parameter reflects a new sensitivity to the order of the responses within sequences. As this sensitivity approaches its maximum, sequence matching is achieved. For both stages, a changeover parameter describes bias against sequences that require changeovers between the two responses. The model fit data ranging from near-response matching with long minimum inter-response times (IRTs) to sequence matching with no minimum IRTs, using two species and a variety of sequence reinforcer distributions. Rats differed from pigeons in achieving sequence matching only at a nonzero minimum IRT. In a comparison based on pigeon data with no minimum IRT, the two-stage sensitivity model was more efficient than the generalised matching law according to the Akaike criterion. The logic of the model suggests a new way of understanding the mechanisms underlying behavioural units.
Wavelength-dependent differential interference contrast microscopy: multiplexing detection using nonfluorescent nanoparticles.

The wavelength dependence of plasmonic nanoparticles’ contrasts in differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy has been exploited previously for unambiguous identification and dynamic tracking of these nanoprobes in complex environments (Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 9203−9208). In the present study, the suitability of multiplexing detection in DIC microscopy was investigated systematically with 19 kinds of nanoparticles of different materials and/or sizes. A unique DIC contrast spectrum was found for each kind of nanoparticle. Multiplexing detection was accomplished by measuring DIC contrasts at a minimum of two specific illumination wavelengths. The main advantages of DIC microscopy for multiplexing detection over other nonfluorescence techniques, such as dark field microscopy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering, were demonstrated by differentiating four kinds of nanoparticles on the cell membrane while providing high-contrast images of both the nanoprobes and cell features.
Optical detection of ultrasound with a microchip laser.

A novel optical ultrasonic detector that relies on frequency modulation of a microchip laser is proposed and demonstrated. When the laser is placed in a time-varying acoustic field, the microchip laser cavity length is periodically modulated, creating a frequency-modulated optical output in which the frequency shift is linearly proportional to the acoustic-wave amplitude. With a confocal Fabry–Perot slope filter and a Nd:YAG microchip laser operating at 1.06 μm, a detector response of 7.5 MHz/kPa was measured at an acoustic frequency of 7.75 MHz. A one-dimensional acoustic model is developed to explain the observed detector performance.
Fluoride inhibition of enolase: crystal structure and thermodynamics.

Enolase is a dimeric metal-activated metalloenzyme which uses two magnesium ions per subunit: the strongly bound conformational ion and the catalytic ion that binds to the enzyme−substrate complex inducing catalysis. The crystal structure of the human neuronal enolase−Mg2F2Pi complex (enolase fluoride/phosphate inhibitory complex, EFPIC) determined at 1.36 A resolution shows that the combination of anions effectively mimics an intermediate state in catalysis. The phosphate ion binds in the same site as the phosphate group of the substrate/product, 2-phospho-d-glycerate/phosphoenolpyruvate, and induces binding of the catalytic Mg2+ ion. One fluoride ion bridges the structural and catalytic magnesium ions while the other interacts with the structural magnesium ion and the ammonio groups of Lys 342 and Lys 393. These fluoride ion positions correspond closely to the positions of the oxygen atoms of the substrate's carboxylate moiety. To relate structural changes resulting from fluoride, phosphate, and magnes...
An analysis of the severe complications of irradiation of carcinoma of the uterine cervix: treatment with intracavitary radium and parametrial irradiation.

Between January 1967 and December 1974, 254 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated with either intracavitary radium and parametrial irradiation or 2000 rad whole pelvis irradiation followed by intracavitary radium and parametrial irradiation. In general, these patients had tumors of relatively limited volume and vaginal and uterine anatomy that was favorable for intracavitary radium. Not all patients had a lymphangiogram performed prior to irradiation. Of those who did, only patients with negative lymphangiograms are included in this analysis. All patient had a minimum follow-up of four years. The absolute four year survival rate for this group of patients was 86%. Only 6.3% of patients died of disease. The incidence of severe complications was 7.5%. Complications were associated with a high number of milligram hours of radium plus a high dose of external irradiation, in combination with either asymmetry of the radium system and/or history of previous pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic surgery, or diverticulosis.
Towards integrated biorefinery from dried distillers grains: Evaluation of feed application for Co-products

Abstract In this paper, we presented an integrated C5-based biorefinery concept to produce C5-platform of biofuels and biochemicals using corn fiber from Dried Distillers Grains (DDG). The process utilizes a selective hydrolysis process to generate a xylose-rich hydrolyzate stream and two co-product streams: fine fraction generated during mechanical pretreatment of DDG using Mesh 20 sieve and residual fiber after hydrolysis. Utilization of these two co-product streams is critical to the success of the biorefinery. This paper discusses how the two streams are generated, their composition, and their potential value in animal feed applications. Composition analysis of the first co-product stream showed that it is enriched in proteins compared to original DDG (11% higher crude protein content; 36% higher lysine content). The second co-product stream has 113% higher fat content compared to original DDG, as well as 15% higher total digestible nutrients, and 15% higher digestible energy. The results of this study suggest that these co-product side streams can be potentially applied as additives in animal feed, allowing for cost-effective utilization of DDG for bio-products without negatively impacting feed markets associated with DDG.
Immigration and Resiliency: Unpacking the Experiences of High School Students from Cape Verde and Ethiopia.

This article explores the complex factors, both individual and social, that contribute to the resiliency and academic achievement of six adolescent African immigrant students from Cape Verde and Ethiopia who were enrolled in a small high school in the United States. The school was designed specifically for recent adolescent immigrant students. Using an in-depth qualitative case study research design, this study provides insight into the educational and social issues confronted by these students and the factors that contributed to their resiliency. The competencies and social capital that students acquired in school and at home were major contributing factors to their resilience and academic achievement. Findings show that these students had a supportive social network of family and friends who had encouraged them to succeed in school and provided mentoring, and material and social resources that helped them to succeed. In addition, teachers encouraged and engaged the students by having high expectations a...
Assessing a vector of clinical observations

Abstract The periodic monitoring of drug treatments often involves the collection of biological specimens (e.g. blood, urine, synovial fluid) for the purpose of clinical laboratory assessment. The analysis of a particular specimen yields a vector of measurements from which judgments are made concerning the status of a subject and the effect of the drug. Typically, an observation vector is compared to “normal values” which may be conditioned on covariates such as age, gender, or other relevant characteristics. Under an assumption of multivariate normality of the data available, a method is presented for deciding whether a particular observed vector looks “normal”. The method, based on a predictive approach, is compared to other proposals and is shown to have optimality properties not possessed by standard procedures. Three different approaches are used in the discussion of optimality within the class of invariant methods. The first involves tolerance regions with smallest normalized expected volume, the second involves a decision theoretic comparison of predictive distributions, while the third involves the foundational notions of incoherence (Dutch book) and strong inconsistency.
The 13p HSR in a human neuroblastoma cell line does not contain rRNA genes

We have studied a human neuroblastoma cell line containing a homogeneously staining region (HSR) on the short (p) arm of chromosome #13. The HSRs are believed to represent sites of gene amplification, containing multiple copies of one or a small number of genes. The 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes are the only structural genes so far assigned to the p arms of the human acrocentric chromosomes, which include number #13. Using two recombinant DNA probes specific for sequences in the 18S/28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene complex for in situ hybridization, we have been able to establish that the 13pHSR in this line does not contain rRNA genes.
Morphological measurements on Penicillium chrysogenum broths by rheology and filtration methods.

The morphology parameters of mycelial culture (Penicillium chrysogenum) were measured and quantified by rheology and filtration methods. Two of the morphology parameters obtained from rheology measurements, delta defined by the Casson equation and delta* defined by intrinsic viscosity, were found to vary systematically with broth age and with the observed morphology by microscopy. Three of the filtration parameters, hyphal density, Kozeny constant, and index of compressibility, are demonstrated as sensitive indicators of the broth age and mycelial morphology. Two of the morphology parameters, delta and delta*, were used to cross-correlate with hyphal density. Because various mycelial fermentations require different growth morphologies (pellet and filament) for optimum product yield and the morphology of mycelial broths varies with broth age, it is suggested that these morphology parameters could be used to represent the morphology of mycelial broths quantitatively.
Deformability of human granulocytes: role of calcium and relationship to locomotion.

Abstract We have demonstrated a requirement for Ca2+ in the induction of deformability changes in the membranes of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). PMN deformability was studied by the technique of cell elastimetry which measures the amount of negative pressure required to aspirate a cell into a small pored micropipet. PMNs incubated in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+ and the ionophore A23187 (10−5M) rapidly became more rigid, i.e., decreased deformability, over a 10- to 15-min period. The effect was noted regardless of order of addition of Ca2+ or ionophore, but both were required to exert the change. Other divalent cations such as Mg2+, Mn2+, or Co2+ had no effect. When cells rendered rigid by Ca2+ and ionophore were allowed to stand in suspension, deformability gradually and spontaneously increased, eventually reaching baseline levels. Decreased deformability was again induced by the addition of fresh Ca2+ and ionophore. Upon standing, cells again increased deformability to baseline, although the time required was significantly longer than following the first addition. Introduction of a competitive inhibitor of transmembrane calcium transport, lanthanum (La3+) blocked both effects. PMNs treated with both La3+ and Ca2− showed no changes in deformability, and introduction of La3+ to PMN suspensions which had been rendered rigid by Ca2+ completely blocked the recovery phase. These data establish an active role for Ca2+ in altering deformability of the PMN and strongly supports our previous hypothesis that chemotactic factors exert their influence upon PMN movement by triggering a sequence which involves Ca2+-dependent changes in deformability. Abnormalities in this sequence may underlie some of the disorders of human PMN movement.
12. Patterns of Adrenal Gland Involvement from Lung Cancer Shown by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Compared to Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Purpose: The frequency of adrenal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) varies between 4 to 25%. Adrenal metastases are frequently missed (78%) by Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to characterize the patterns of adrenal gland involvement from lung cancer by 18-F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (18FDG-PET).Methods: Retrospective review of patients evaluated for known or suspected lung carcinoma. Results of 18FDG-PET, CT, MRI, and scans were compared.Results: From February 1996 to May 2000, 91 patients with known (85 patients) or suspected (6 patients) lung cancer were evaluated with 18FDG-PET scan. Twenty-two patients (mean age 63, range 38-88 years) had abnormal adrenal glands by either 18FDG-PET (16 patients), CT (12 patients) or MRI (1 patient). In 13 cases 18FDG-PET scan was ordered to clarify CT or MRI findings. Only 7 patients showed adrenal gland involvement: 5 patients (5.5%) with unilateral disease and 2 patients (2.2%) with bilateral disease. PET depicted unsuspected findings in 9 patients: 8 patients (8.8%) with unilateral disease and 1 patient (1.1%) with bilateral disease.(18)FDG-PET upstaged 9 patients from limited (N1M0) to widespread disease (M1), thus obviating surgical intervention.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of 18FDG-PET scanning in revealing unsuspected adrenal metastases in patients with early stages of NSCLC as well as characterizing CT or MRI equivocal adrenal masses.
Reversal of the Antinatriuretic Effect of Prostaglandin E2 by Verapamil in the Rat

Previous studies have demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) infusion increases intrarenal angiotensin-II (ANG-II) formation and decreases sodium excretion in the rat. PGE2 infusion may have direct tubular effects or indirect effects through increased intrarenal ANG-II. In the present study, the calcium channel blocker verapamil was used to determine whether it would reverse the PGE2-induced decrease in sodium excretion. To minimize any systemic and hemodynamic influences, verapamil and PGE2 were infused directly into the renal interstitium via a chronically implanted matrix. Fractional sodium excretion (FENa), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured before and during renal interstitial infusion of PGE2 (10-5M) and/or verapamil (10-3M) in rats pretreated with indomethacin. The renal interstitial infusion of PGE2 alone significantly decreased FENa (Δ-1.0 ± 0.2%), whereas the addition of verapamil reversed the effect of PGE2 and significantly increased FENa (Δ2.6 ± 0.3%, n = 9). The renal interstitial infusion of verapamil alone markedly increased FENa (△1.7 ± 0.3%, n = 7), and this natriuresis was accompanied by a significant decrease in PRA (Δ-0.6 ± 0.1 ng/ml/h, p 2 to the interstitial infusion did not further affect FENa or PRA. There was a significant difference between the effect of interstitial PGE2 infusion and interstitial verapamil infusion on PRA (Δ1.9 ± 0.8 vs. Δ-0.6 ± 0.1 ng/ml/h, p 2 and/or verapamil. In conclusion, verapamil reversed the PGE2-induced antinatriuresis in the rat.
Crime-Related fears and demographic diversity in los angeles county after the 1992 civil disturbances

The purpose of this research was to assess demographic differences in exposure to traumatic events and fear of crime. This is part of a larger project that assessed the impact of the 1992 Los Angeles civil disturbances on psychological functioning. Random digit dialing methods were used to obtain an adult household probability sample (age 18 or older) representative of the targeted region (Los Angeles County). A total of 1200 individuals completed a 40-minute comprehensive telephone interview. Four hundred interviews were sampled from South Central (the area most heavily affected by the rioting), and 800 were sampled from the remainder of L.A. County. A series of chi-square analyses indicated that there were differences in (a) prevalence of lifetime and past year victimization, (b) perception of neighborhood problems, (c) exposure to the disturbances, and (d) fear of crime as a function of demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, race, ethnicity, community). A hierarchical multiple regression was conducted using demographic variables, victimization, and exposure to the disturbances to predict fear of crime. Results indicated that demographic variables were significantly predictive of crime fear, but that report of neighborhood problems was the strongest predictor. Additionally, exposure to the disturbances remained a significant predictor of crime fear after controlling for the effects of victimization, demographics, and neighborhood problems. Results suggest that while diverse community, race, ethnicity, and gender variables contribute to differences in crime fear, neighborhood problems may be the most important predictor across all groups of subjects. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rate constant and activation energy measurement for the reaction of atomic hydrogen with thiocyanate and azide in aqueous solution.

Arrhenius parameters for the reaction of hydrogen atoms with azide and thiocyanate in aqueous solution have been determined using electron pulse radiolysis and electron paramagnetic resonance free ...
Local Impacts of Religious Discourses on Rights to Express Same-Sex Sexual Desires in Peri-Urban Rio de Janeiro.

This article reports on a study that examined how religious discourses of inclusion and exclusion—in Roman Catholic, evangelical Protestant, and Afro-Brazilian religious traditions—affected people’s rights to express same-sex sexual desires, behaviors, and identities in the socioeconomically marginalized urban periphery of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using extended ethnographic observation of institutions and religious events over a period of 2 years, the authors identified how sexual rights were constructed within religious discourses and conducted ethnographic interviews with 45 religious leaders. In the low-income and violent urban periphery of Rio de Janeiro, religious leaders and institutions play key roles in molding community inclusion and exclusion. A comparison of the 3 major religious denominations shows a diversity of discourses about same-sex sexual desires and their impacts on community formation.
Indirect measurement of oxygen solubility

This paper introduces an experimental methodology for estimating saturation concentrations of oxygen in surface waters and wastewater that employs commonly available analytic techniques (polarographic probe and Winkler titration) for dissolved oxygen (DO) analysis. Because DO analysis techniques can contain significant measurement bias, a protocol intended to minimize the estimate uncertainty is proposed. The protocol's chief attribute is its ability to estimate solubility indirectly, i.e. it avoids the complication of equilibrating samples with the atmosphere and uses measurements with unsaturated water to project a value of solubility. Using this protocol, saturation concentrations in Mississippi River water collected in Minnesota were measured. The ratio of the saturation concentration of Mississippi River water to pure distilled water varied seasonally in 1993 and 1994, with slightly higher ratios in the winter months and lower values in the late summer and fall. The lowest measured ratio was more than 8% below the equivalent clean water value.
Direct reaction of silica gel with butyllithium

Silica gel with a variety of surface areas is found to react directly (no SOCl 2 treatment required) with butyllithium to give a product with butyl groups attached. The extent of butyl group incorporation depends on available silica surface. With dehydrated 230-400 mesh silica gel, 7.4 mmoles of BuLi per g in pentane added in hexane gave silica with 2.5 mmoles of butyl groups per g provided that the silica gel was washed three times with cold water. It was found that water washing removes some unbutylated silicate increasing the apparent butyl group incorporation. The butyl-modified silica gel showed no chromatographic retention of 3-aminoquinoline in 50:50 hexane: dichloromethane or of thymol in hexane in contrast to unmodified silica gel which is known to strongly retain polar compounds, particularly basic ones. This contrast is demonstrated.
Development Of Fluorophosphate Optical Glasses

The requirements of high-energy laser systems have stimulated the development of low-refractive index, low-dispersion optical glasses, thus extending the range of available glasses in the Abbe diagram. Fluorophosphate glasses are the prime candidates to meet these requirements, but their preparation is complicated by fluorine volatilization on melting and devitrification and cracking on casting. The latter difficulties are caused by low viscosity at the crystallization temperature and by high thermal expansion. Exploration of glassforming regions and simultaneous optimization of the optical properties has led to the identification of compositions with commercial potential. A representative 100-gram melt contained 60 mol % RF2 (R = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), 36.7 mol % A1F3' 3.3 mol % Al(P03)3' with nD = 1.439 and vD = 95. After annealing it was optically homogeneous and strain-free.
Hemodynamic and calorimetric changes induced by microcystin-LR in the rat.

Microcystin-LR, a cyclic peptide from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, given at acutely toxic doses causes severe hepatic interstitial hemorrhage. Hemodynamic, calorimetric and acid-base balance changes after i.v. microcystin were measured. The effect of isoproterenol, dopamine, methylprednisolone and whole-blood volume expansion on the immediate hemodynamic effects after toxin administration were also evaluated. A dose of 100 micrograms kg-1 was invariably lethal for rats in all studies. Pathophysiological changes included: a sustained, rapid decline in cardiac output and stroke volume; an acute hypotension responsive to volume expansion with whole blood; a decreased heart rate, responsive to both isoproterenol and dopamine; an early decline in oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and metabolic rate accompanied by progressive hypothermia; and acid-base balance changes indicating partially compensated metabolic acidosis. The lethal effects of microcystin-LR were previously attributed to hypovolemic shock as a result of hepatic interstitial hemorrhage. These results indicate that, in addition, there may be a cardiogenic component that limits the physiological cardiac reserve, compromising a normal response to circulatory inadequacy.
Alternative uses of spatial microeconomics

This paper contends that classical spaceless price theory is excessively limited. In contrast, the spatial model provides a robustly general framework such that it even sheds light on the beta statistic in portfolio theory and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which led to 1990 Nobels for Markowitz and Sharpe. The paper further demonstrates that the spatial dimension advances other facets of economics, including product differentiation theory, waiting time and advertising impacts on prices, etc. Indeed, the subject of international dumping of goods is shown to have ties to spatial microeconomics besides imperfect competition theory. This paper's objective is therefore to demonstrate some of the inclusiveness of spatial microeconomics.
Self-timed simultaneous bidirectional signalling for IC systems

The authors present a self-timed architectural interface design for VLSI CMOS integrated circuit systems. The interface follows a two-cycle self-timed bundled data protocol and nearly doubles the input/output (I/O) bandwidth for wide bus VLSI interprocessor communication by simultaneously sending and receiving data over the same wires. A constant overhead of four control wires is incurred over the synchronous approach proposed by K. Lam et al. (1990), as well as a decaying area penalty for increasing bus widths. This type of self-timed bundled interface can prove attractive for applications where global synchronization is difficult to achieve. The interface has been simulated for a 16-b wide bus using a quasi-analog mixed-signal Verilog approach. >
Proportional Assist Ventilation and Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist

Patient-ventilator synchrony is a common problem with all patients actively triggering the mechanical ventilator. In many cases synchrony can be improved by vigilant adjustments by the managing clinician. However, in most institutions clinicians are not able to spend the time necessary to ensure synchrony in all patients. Proportional assist ventilation (PAV) and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) were both developed to improve patient-ventilator synchrony by proportionally unloading ventilatory effort and turning control of the ventilatory pattern over to the patient. This paper discusses PAV's and NAVA's theory of operation, general process of application, and the supporting literature.
Multispecies ADI-FDTD Algorithm for Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Photonic Metallic Structures

The unconditionally stable alternating-direction-implicit finite-difference time-domain (ADI-FDTD) method is extended to model multispecies dispersive media for simulation of nanoscale three-dimensional metallic structures based on optical plasmon resonances. Examples involving modeling of Au nanoparticles show that the proposed ADI-FDTD yields improved computational performance versus standard FDTD in highly refined grids and for moderate Courant numbers
Accelerated closure of skin wounds in mice deficient in the homeobox gene Msx2

Differences in cellular competence offer an explanation for the differences in the healing capacity of tissues of various ages and conditions. The homeobox family of genes plays key roles in governing cellular competence. Of these, we hypothesize that Msx2 is a strong candidate regulator of competence in skin wound healing because it is expressed in the skin during fetal development in the stage of scarless healing, affects postnatal digit regeneration, and is reexpressed transiently during postnatal skin wound repair. To address whether Msx2 affects cellular competence in injury repair, 3 mm full-thickness excisional wounds were created on the back of C.Cg-Msx2(tm1Rilm)/Mmcd (Msx2 null) mice and the healing pattern was compared with that of the wild type mice. The results show that Msx2 null mice exhibited faster wound closure with accelerated reepithelialization plus earlier appearance of keratin markers for differentiation and an increased level of smooth muscle actin and tenascin in the granulation tissue. In vitro, keratinocytes of Msx2 null mice exhibit increased cell migration and the fibroblasts show stronger collagen gel contraction. Thus, our results suggest that Msx2 regulates the cellular competence of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in skin injury repair.
INFORMATION IN WRONG RESPONSES TO THE RAVEN PROGRESSIVE MATRICES

The incorrect alternatives to the items of the Raven Progressive Matrices are not equally likely to be chosen by individuals taking the test. Sigel (1963) analyzed the patterns of errors on several items of the Progressive Matrices and found sex and age differences in the alternatives chosen as the wrong response, but found no relationship between error patterns and total score on the test. Jacobs and Vandeventer (1970) categorized the incorrect responses on the Progressive Matrices as "superior" (partially correct) responses and "other." Finding that the proportion of "superior" responses in 9 out of 18 cases correlated positively with the total score on the test, the authors concluded that additional information is available in the incorrect choices on the
Arrest of chinese hamster cells in G2 following treatment with the anti‐tumor drug bleomycin

Upon addition of bleomycin (BLM) to suspension cultures of Chinese hamster cells (line CHO), cells closer to prophase than 56 minutes continue dividing at the normal rate, whereas cells at earlier positions in the cell cycle either fail to reach mitosis altogether (at 200 μg/ml) or enter mitosis and divide at a reduced rate at lower drug concentrations. At 100 μg/ml of BLM (the rate of cell division slowed to a doubling time of 167 hours), initiation and termination of DNA synthesis occur at normal rates, resulting in an accumulation of cells with a G2 DNA content in the first 130 minutes of G2. Bleomycin effects are not readily reversible. The rates of incorporation of leucine, uridine, or thymidine into cells treated for six hours with 100 μg/ml of BLM were 90, 85, and 80%, respectively, of the values obtained in control cultures, suggesting that the effects of BLM on cell-cycle traverse cannot be correlated with gross inhibition of macromolecular synthesis.
Many Paths to Synaptic Specificity

The most impressive structural feature of the nervous system is the specificity of its synaptic connections. Even after axons have navigated long distances to reach target areas, they must still choose appropriate synaptic partners from the many potential partners within easy reach. In many cases, axons also select a particular domain of the postsynaptic cell on which to form a synapse. Thus, synapse formation is selective at both cellular and subcellular levels. Unsurprisingly, the nervous system uses multiple mechanisms to ensure proper connectivity; these include complementary labels, coordinated growth of synaptic partners, sorting of afferents, prohibition or elimination of inappropriate synapses, respecification of targets, and use of short-range guidance mechanisms or intermediate targets. Specification of any circuit is likely to involve integration of multiple mechanisms. Recent studies of vertebrate and invertebrate systems have led to the identification of molecules that mediate a few of these interactions.
Constructing linear families from parameter-dependent nonlinear dynamics

Generating families of linear models from nonlinear parameter-dependent equations requires explicit analytical characterization of the equilibrium surface. Doing so in terms of the original system parameters is generally not possible. Introducing an alternative parameterization, we propose an efficient method for computing local linear parameter-dependent families. Although local, these families can be constructed anywhere, specifically around bifurcation points where other methods fail.
Retrieval of words from subordinate and superordinate categories in semantic hierarchies

Retrieval from long-term memory was investigated in an experiment in which S was shown a category name and asked to respond with a word belonging to the category (e.g., animal—horse, bird—robin). The reaction time (RT) taken to retrieve a member of a given category was not significantly different from the time taken to retrieve a member of a superset of that category. For example, Ss could produce an instance of the category “bird” as quickly as they could produce an instance of the category “animal.” The time taken to retrieve a category member was found to be strongly related to the Thorndike-Lorge frequency of the most frequent category member. The data support the notion of a semantic organization in which the category name can be located directly, rather than being accessible only via a search along a hierarchical path.
The Dicto-Comp Revisited.

The dicto-comp exercise has generally been used as a technique to stimulate writing. Based on auditory memory expansion, it consists of a passage which is read to students several times. After the final reading, students are asked to reproduce the passage, adhering to the original version as closely as possible. The technique is designed to tap students' ability to write both a dictation and a composition. The present paper discusses and illustrates the structured use of the dicto-comp where the focus is on composition rather than auditory memory expansion. Our concept of the dicto-comp entails the following features: (1) A dicto-comp exercise occurs within an orderly sequence of teaching/learning events in the composition classroom; and (2) each dicto-comp exercise has a specific teaching point, either a particular syntactic pattern or a particular rhetorical pattern. Recent classroom experiences with the use of the dicto-comp are discussed.
Small-Scale Dissipation in Supercritical, Transitional Mixing Layers

The dissipation and small-scale dissipation is calculated for transitional states obtained elsewhere from Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of temporal, supercritical mixing layers for two species systems, O2/H2 and C7H16/N2, so as to understand their speciesindependent and species-dependent aspects. The effect of filter size on the results was also investigated, with filtering exclusively performed in the dissipation regime of the energy spectrum. Both domain-average dissipation and the small-scale dissipation were analyzed in terms of the three mode contributions to them due to the viscous, heat and species-mass fluxes. The species-mass flux originated contribution dominates both the dissipation and the small-scale dissipation for all simulations and its percentage of the total dissipation or of the small-scale dissipation varies in a very small range across the species system, the initial Reynolds number and the perturbation wavelength used to excite the layer. For a filter size that is four times the DNS grid size, the proportion of each small-scale dissipation mode in the total small-scale dissipation is similar to that obtained at the DNS scale, indicating a scale similarity. It was also found that the percentage of total small-scale dissipation in the total DNS dissipation is only species-system and filter-size dependent but nearly independent of the initial conditions. With filter size increase, the increase in the small-scale dissipation portion of the DNS dissipation has similar functional variation for both species systems, although the fraction reached by C7H16/N2 layers is much larger than for O2/H2 ones. Normalization by the results obtained at the smallest filter size led to highlighting several aspects that are only species-system dependent with increasing the filter size. Backscatter was shown to occur over a substantial percentage of the computational domain, and its magnitude was found to be a substantial fraction of the positive small-scale dissipation. A four fold increase in filter size decreased the spatial extent of backscatter by only at most 32%, 13% and 7.5% for the viscous, heat and speciesmass flux originated modes. The implications of these results for Larger Eddy Simulation modeling are discussed.
Motivational Readiness of Community College Students Engaging in Physical Activity

This study investigated the Stages of Motivational Readiness for Change (SMRC) related to the physical activity of community college students. The transtheoretical model was the basis for examining frequency and intentions of physical activity, relationships between behaviors, and demographic variables such as age, gender, income, relationship status, dependents, GPA, and BMI. A conceptual model was also created to depict statistically significant predictability for the stage of readiness for change, BMI, intention to use facilities, and current physical activity frequency. Findings revealed that stages varied according to gender, relationship status, and having children. In addition, SMRC was found to be a key predictor of students’ current physical activity habits. Understanding the SMRC is helpful for administrators to determine levels of physical activity as it can provide a greater understanding of student mindset and result in determining appropriate programs, marketing strategies, and facility impr...
Representation of Eddies in Primitive Equation Models by a PV Flux

The parametric representation of buoyancy and momentum transport by baroclinic eddies in a primitive equation ‘‘b plane’’ channel is studied through a transformation of the governing equations. Adoption of the ‘‘transformed Eulerian mean’’ and the assumption that the eddies (but not the mean flow) are quasigeostrophic in nature leads to 1) the eddies being represented symbolically by one term, an eddy potential vorticity flux, rendering a representation that incorporates both eddy momentum and eddy buoyancy fluxes, and 2) the advecting velocities being those of the residual mean circulation. A closure is employed for the eddy potential vorticity flux that directs it down the mean potential vorticity gradient. Care is taken to ensure that the resulting force does not generate any net momentum in the channel but only acts to redistribute it. The approach is investigated by comparing a zonally averaged parameterized model with a three-dimensional eddy-resolving calculation of flow in a stress-driven channel. The stress at the upper surface is communicated down the water column to the bottom by eddy form drag. Moreover, lateral eddy momentum fluxes act to strengthen and sharpen the mean flow, transporting eastward momentum from the flanks to the center of the jet, up its large-scale gradient. Both vertical momentum transfer and lateral, upgradient momentum transfer by eddies, is captured in the parameterized model. Finally, advantages of the parametric approach are demonstrated in two further contexts: 1) the spindown of a baroclinic zone and 2) the maintenance of surface winds by eddy momentum flux in the atmosphere.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO COMPLIANT BISTABLE MECHANISMS

This paper proposes a new class of bistable mechanisms: compliant bistable mechanisms. These mechanisms gain their bistable behavior from the energy stored in the flexible segments which deflect to allow mechanism motion. This approach integrates desired mechanism motion and energy storage to create bistable mechanisms with dramatically reduced part count compared to traditional mechanisms incorporating rigid links, joints, and springs. This paper briefly reviews bistable mechanism theory, introduces some additional bistable mechanism characteristics, and integrates this theory with compliant mechanism theory. The resulting theory of bistable compliant mechanisms is validated by measuring the force and motion characteristics of several test mechanisms and comparing them to predicted values.
Association between Depression and Aggression in Rural Women

Rural women represent approximately 20% of women living in the United States, yet research on the specific mental health needs of rural women is limited. Given the well-recognized gender-linked difference in depression rates, its correlated depressive symptoms in women still need much investigation. While emerging notions of depression in men embrace potential symptoms related to irritability and aggression, less research has focused on the potential role of aggression in depressed women. This connection may be particularly relevant for rural women who face unique mental health stressors in comparison to their urban counterparts. The purpose of this study was to examine if aggression is linked to depression for rural women in order to identify potential unique symptomatology and presentation for rural women. As part of a larger initiative, a sample of 54 participants was recruited from the patient population at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) in rural southeast Georgia to participate in a quantitative survey. The survey explored demographics, depression, and aggressive behavior. Mean total score of aggression in depressed women was significantly higher than non-depressed women (p Language: en
Metastatic melanoma involving the colon. Report of a case.

A patient with isolated cecal metastasis of malignant melanoma whose symptoms of fatigue, exertional dyspnea, and an abdominal mass were relieved by operation is reported. Palliative resection appears to offer significant benefit in patients with symptomatic melanoma involving the colon, particularly if the lesion is solitary