cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Alpha-Synuclein From Paraffin Embedded Autopsy Specimens in Parkinson’s Disease

BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) is neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia and pathologically by the deposition of alpha-synuclein within different tissues. We, and others, have reported the detection of cutaneous alpha-synuclein in individuals with PD. OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to detect alpha-synuclein deposition by immunohistochemical staining of skin samples in pathologically confirmed cases of PD. METHODS Post-mortem skin biopsy samples from 11 individuals with PD, and 5 non-synucleinopathy control subjects were paraffin embedded and stained for total alpha-synuclein and protein gene product 9.5. RESULTS Alpha-synuclein deposition was greater in both scalp and abdominal skin biopsy PD samples compared to control samples in pilomotor nerves (P < 0.05), sudomotor nerves (P < 0.05) and vasomotor nerves (P < 0.05). Deposition of alpha-synuclein in scalp and abdominal tissue did not correlate with age, duration of PD, or severity of PD. CONCLUSIONS There is greater deposition of alpha-synuclein within pilomotor, sudomotor and vasomotor nerve fibers of paraffin embedded samples from autopsy confirmed cases of PD compared to control samples. However, assessment of alpha-synuclein deposition in post-mortem paraffin embedded tissue has many limitations and the utility of this technique in clinical and research studies is uncertain.
What Neuroscience Can and Cannot Answer.

We truly live in the golden age of neuroscience. Advances in technology over the past 20 years have given modern neuro-researchers tools of unprecedented power to probe the workings of the most complex machine in the universe (as far as we know). Neuroscience as a field is driven by our natural
Drawing Graphics and Text

In this chapter, we will delve deeper into the Processing API for drawing shapes, images, and text, using several code examples to illustrate the different functions in the API. We will also learn how to use the P2D renderer and the PShape class for better 2D performance.
Ties that bind: family obligations as immediate and anticipatory obstacles

While research on Asian American students has overwhelmingly emphasized family ties as an important contributor to student success in high school, what it neglects is how family ties can constrain ...
Spectrum Patrolling with Crowdsourced Spectrum Sensors

We use a crowdsourcing approach for RF spectrum patrolling, where heterogeneous, low-cost spectrum sensors are deployed widely and are tasked with detecting unauthorized transmissions in a collaborative fashion while consuming only a limited amount of resources. We pose this as a collaborative signal detection problem where the individual sensor's detection performance may vary widely based on their respective hardware or software configurations, but are hard to model using traditional approaches. Still an optimal subset of sensors and their configurations must be chosen to maximize the overall detection performance subject to given resource (cost) limitations. We present the challenges of this problem in crowdsourced settings and present a set of methods to address them. The proposed methods use data-driven approaches to model individual sensors and develops mechanisms for sensor selection and fusion while accounting for their correlated nature. We present performance results using examples of commodity-based spectrum sensors and show significant improvements relative to baseline approaches.
The Impact of Thiazides and Potassium Citrate on Bone Mineral Density Evaluated by CT Scan in Stone Formers

Abstract Introduction: Thiazides and citrate prevent kidney stones and improve bone mineral density (BMD). The objective of this study was to opportunistically utilize the noncontrast CT (NCCT) sca...
Acousto-optic gyroscope

An Acousto-Optic Gyroscope (AOG) consisting of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) embedded into two inherently matched piezoelectric SAW resonators sharing the same cavity is presented. This constitutes the first demonstration of a MEMS strain-based optomechanical gyroscope that uses refractive index change due to the acousto-optic effect rather than conventional displacement sensing. This first prototype integrates acoustic and photonic components on the same lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) substrate and showcases how optical detection can provide greater stability compared to acousto-electric transduction. This approach enables the development of a new class of MEMS-based gyroscopes that combines the advantages of both conventional MEMS and optical gyroscopes.
Nest mortality of sagebrush songbirds due to a severe hailstorm

ABSTRACT Demographic assessments of nesting birds typically focus on failures due to nest predation or brood parasitism. Extreme weather events such as hailstorms, however, can also destroy eggs and injure or kill juvenile and adult birds at the nest. We documented the effects of a severe hailstorm on 3 species of sagebrush-associated songbirds: Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus), Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri), and Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus), nesting at eight 24 ha study plots in central Wyoming, USA. Across all plots, 17% of 128 nests failed due to the hailstorm; however, all failed nests were located at a subset of study plots (n = 3) where the hailstorm was most intense, and 45% of all nests on those plots failed due to hail. Mortality rates varied by species, nest architecture, and nest placement. Nests with more robust architecture and those sited more deeply under the shrub canopy were more likely to survive the hailstorm, suggesting that natural history traits may modulate mortali...
Increased Risk of Incident Disease in Men with Peyronie's Disease: Analysis of U.S. Claims Data.

Abstract Background The subsequent health risks associated with Peyronie’s disease (PD) are unknown. Aim This cohort study assesses the risk of developing auto-immune conditions and common chronic health conditions after a diagnosis of PD. We hypothesize that an increase in auto-immune disease will be evident in men with PD, as has been suggested in smaller studies. Methods We determined the longitudinal incidence of 13 auto-immune diseases and 25 common chronic conditions in a cohort from the Truven Health Analytics (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA) database from 2007–2013. The cohort included men with 1 of 3 exposures in 2007: (1) men with PD, (2) men with erectile dysfunction (ED) but not PD, and (3) men without PD or ED, matched on age and follow-up duration. Outcomes To assess incidence, we utilized a Cox regression model adjusting for age, smoking, obesity, health care visits per year, urology visits per year, and years of follow-up. Results We included 8,728 men with PD; 204,147 men with ED; and 87,280 controls. Men with PD had an increased risk of developing benign prostatic hyperplasia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21, 95% CI 1.16–1.27), prostatitis (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12–1.31), and lower urinary tract symptoms (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05–1.16) when compared to both men with ED and age-matched controls without ED or PD even when controlling for the number of urology visits per year. Compared to controls, men with PD also had an increased risk of developing keloids. No significant risk for any auto-immune disease was observed. Clinical Implications Clinicians should have heightened awareness for these relevant co-morbidities when treating men with PD. Strengths & Limitations Utilizing a claims database provides one of the largest cohorts of men with PD ever published but claims databases lack some individual patient data such as risk factors and demographic information relevant to PD, including: penile injury, history of urologic procedures, and other lifestyle factors. Conclusion Men with PD had a higher risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, prostatitis, and keloids after a diagnosis of PD, but no increased risk of auto-immune conditions. These findings suggest a common etiology for these conditions that may manifest itself in diseases at different times in men’s life cycle. Pastuszak AW, Rodriguez KM, Solomon ZJ, et al. Increased Risk of Incident Disease in Men with Peyronie's Disease: Analysis of U.S. Claims Data. J Sex Med 2018;15:894–901.
There’s No Time Like the Present: How to Mind the Now

Several postmodernist writers have attacked the very notion and reality of the Present.2 An articulation of the Present narrowly defined and argued as derivative of the past and futural horizons of human temporality, for example, might serve the interests of the writers who tend toward absencing the Present from valid philosophical discourse. Or it might reflect a nuanced disparagement of what is present in the Present. Or perhaps it is simply a mental acceptance of the playing out of a theoretical and thus purely intellective endeavor which wishes to collapse the Present into various displaced mental constructs such as metaphor and intellectualized abstractions, that is, displaced out of fully embodied human experiencings into textual or discursive elements of what Husserl calls life-world.3
Temperamental Risk Factors for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders

Fearful temperament, most often conceptualized as behavioral inhibition, has been found to be a robust predictor for the development of pediatric anxiety disorders, with most evidence suggesting a link with social anxiety disorder. In addition to a detailed review of behavioral inhibition, recent work that supports a new construct, dysregulated fear, is also reviewed in this chapter. New evidence is presented that demonstrates that dysregulated fear is conceptually and methodologically distinct from behavioral inhibition and improves the prediction of which fearful toddlers are at risk for pediatric anxiety disorders. The following review will summarize the empirical bases for these two approaches and their role in the development of anxiety disorders, as well as evidence for biomarkers, executive processes, and parenting environment that exacerbate or ameliorate this early temperament risk. Specifically, research on fearful temperament has identified multiple trajectories and outcomes for children with the same underlying temperamental biases. That is, not all young children who display fearful temperament maintain this behavioral profile or develop anxiety symptoms. Therefore, this chapter summarizes evidence for biological, regulatory, and parental processes that account for these divergent trajectories and addresses the question of which fearful children are at highest risk for developing anxiety disorders.
Isolation of Genes Encoding the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Chloroflexus

The photosynthetic appautus of the green bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus is intermediate in structure between the purple nonsulfur and the green sulfur bacteria. Chloroflexus contains Bchl c in extramembranous chlorosomes, and lacks invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane; by these criteria, it resembles the Chlorobiaceae (1). However, by spectral and structural criteria the reaction center of Chloroflexus resembles that of Rhodospirillaceae and chloroplast photosystem II (2,3). This unique combination of characteristics has stimulated much interest in Chloroflexus as a model for the structure and evolution of photosynthetic systems; this interest has in turn led to thorough biochemical and biophysical investigation of the organism. Recently we have begun to investigate the unique photosynthetic appautus of Chloroflexus at a genetic level, by applying various techniques of molecular genetics, with the immediate goal of isolating genes encoding several components of the photosynthetic appautus.
Enzymes in Metabolic Sequences

Publisher Summary The subject material of enzyme chemistry can be treated from the standpoint of the properties and behavior of single, isolated enzymes or from the standpoint of how the individual enzymes collaborate and interdigitate in implementing the reaction sequences of the cell. This chapter discusses the enzyme chemistry largely from the latter point of view. It describes a selected number of metabolic sequences with a view to clarify, if not seek, the basic principles underlying integration of enzymatic activity. A few of these sequences are carried out by structurally bound groups of enzymes, whereas others appear to be catalyzed by a group of soluble enzymes. A distinction based on whether the sequence proceeds on particles or in solution may not be fully adequate, as particle-bound enzymes can be solubilized and their catalytic action as individual enzymes studied in homogenous solution.
An evaluation of tedizolid for the treatment of MRSA infections

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)is a common pathogen in acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (ABSSSIs), nosocomial pneumonia, bacteremia, endocarditis, as well as diabetic foot, bone, and joint infections.Areas covered: This review summarizes the randomized controlled trials that evaluated the clinical efficacy of tedizolid in ABSSSIs, which is currently the only United States Food and Drug Administration-labeled indication for tedizolid.Expert opinion: Tedizolid has several potential advantages over linezolid including once-daily dosing, shorter duration of therapy, and increased tolerability. However, its cost will likely limit its adoption for ABSSSIs with MRSA because other oxazolidinone antibiotics are available in less costly generic versions. Tedizolid is also currently being investigated for its use in other MRSA infections including nosocomial pneumonia as well as diabetic foot, bone, and joint infections and tedizolid’s use in these disease stat...
Data-Driven Process Network Planning: A Distributionally Robust Optimization Approach

Abstract Process network planning is an important and challenging task in process systems engineering. Due to the penetration of uncertainties such as random demands and market prices, stochastic programming and robust optimization have been extensively used in process network planning for better protection against uncertainties. However, both methods fall short of addressing the ambiguity of probability distributions, which is quite common in practice. In this work, we apply distributionally robust optimization to handling the inexactness of probability distributions of uncertain demands in process network planning problems. By extracting useful information from historical data, ambiguity sets can be readily constructed, which seamlessly integrate statistical information into the optimization model. To account for the sequential decision-making structure in process network planning, we further develop multi-stage distributionally robust optimization models and adopt affine decision rules to address the computational issue. Finally, the optimization problem can be recast as a mixed-integer linear program. Applications in industrial-scale process network planning demonstrate that, the proposed distributionally robust optimization approach can better hedge against distributional ambiguity and yield rational long-term decisions by effectively utilizing demand data information.
Exploring Similarity and Stability of Differentiation in Relationships: A Dyadic Study of Bowen's Theory.

Bowen family systems theory (BFST) identifies differentiation of self as a crucial characteristic that relates to one's individual and relational maturity. Bowen theorizes that an individual's level of differentiation typically remains static over time and that individuals select and pair in relationships with others who have similar levels of differentiation. This study aimed to test the hypotheses of BFST by using components of differentiation of self, emotional reactivity, and emotional cutoff, in dyadic structural equation modeling. Specifically, a longitudinal dyadic confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation longitudinal panel model were two analyses utilized to statistically test the dyadic nonindependence and stability of emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff across time. Results indicated mixed support for Bowen's assumptions regarding similarity (nonindependence) and stability. That is, small levels of nonindependence and significant stability paths across time were found. Theoretical implications and considerations for future research are discussed.
Understanding the Academic Persistence of American Indian Transfer Students

Student academic transfer from two-year to four-year institutions is a well- documented phenomenon. Many students earning a four year degree begin their academic careers at two-year institutions. However, there is little known about the inter-institutional transfer behavior of American Indian students. The authors provide an overview of student transfer behavior, identify characteristics of this behavior, and offer suggestions on ways in which institutions can increase the likelihood of successful transfer.
Comparison of High-Throughput Sequencing for Phage Display Peptide Screening on Two Commercially Available Platforms

Phage display is a widely used technique to screen peptide sequences for interaction with target biomolecules, such as proteins and cells. Traditional protocols screen for only a limited fraction of a candidate pool due to the cost and time limitation of Sanger sequencing. Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies enable researchers to assess millions of biomolecule sequences. In this study, eluted DNA pooled from a phage display screening were sequenced by two types of HTS methodologies; sequence by synthesis and a nanopore-based techniques. While both methods resulted in the identification of several candidate peptide motifs determined to be interacting with the target proteins, the sequence by synthesis method provide a higher yield of valid reads for data analyses. Input library preparation protocol for the nanopore sequencer needs further modification to achieve effective data collection.
Active Monovalent Cation Transport in Canine Cardiac Tissues

Previous investigations suggest that functionally different cardiac tissues have different electrochemical and physiological properties[1–3]. The intracellular ionic distribution of the sinoatrial node or other specialized cardiac conducting fibers differs from the ionic concentrations of contractile ventricular muscle[4–7]. Electrophysiological sensitivity to cardiac steroids such as ouabain in canine Purkinje fiber exceeds the sensitivity to ouabain in the ventricle[8]. K-strophanthin decreases conduction velocity in canine Purkinje fibers at a concentration which did not significantly alter the parameter in the ventricular muscle[9]. A greater sensitivity to ouabain in Purkinje fibers that the ventricular fibers was confirmed by other differences such as K fluxes[10–12]. However, recent studies indicate that partially purified Na+,K+ -ATPase prepared from the bovine false-tendon had no greater sensitivity to ouabain than the comparable Na+,K+ -ATPase preparation from the papillary muscle of the same animal[13]. Although there may be no significant difference in ouabain sensitivity of Na+,K+ -ATPase activity in vitro, the exact biochemical basis of such electrophysiological differences between the conducting fibers and the contractile muscle has not yet been documented.
Assessing Intimate Partner Violence Via Daily Diary Surveys: Feasibility, Reporting, and Acceptability:

Despite a growing number of research studies using experience sampling methodologies, little is known about feasibility of these methodologies to the study of intimate partner violence (IPV). In th...
Data Standards of the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and the American Heart Association (AHA) and the Universal Pediatric Cardiac Dataset

This chapter will discuss the background and the attempt to create a universal pediatric cardiac dataset for use across electronic health record platforms. This dataset, consisting of a list of data elements and their definitions, is anticipated to be used as a basis for not only standardizing nomenclature across the various clinical domains of pediatric and congenital cardiac care, but also for allowing the electronic health record to capture discrete data that can be pooled together across institutions to better strengthen the quality and depth of research for this area of patient care.
Between wellness, relapse, and remission: Stages of illness in anorexia nervosa.

Objective Psychiatric illnesses, like medical illnesses, can sometimes be considered as progressing through stages. Understanding these stages can lead to a better understanding of pathophysiology, and clarification of prognosis and treatment needs. Opinions from experts in the field of anorexia nervosa (AN) were sought to create a model of stages of illness. Method The Delphi approach was used to achieve consensus from a panel of 31 individuals from a range of disciplines with expertise in AN. Over three iterative rounds, participants rated agreement with statements about an overall staging framework and definitions of specific stages. Results Agreement was reached about a longitudinal progression including Subsyndromal, Full Syndrome, Persistent Illness, and Partial and Full Remission. The panel achieved consensus in defining Subsyndromal AN as characterized by body image disturbance and mild to moderate restrictive eating. Overall, there was consensus that restrictive eating is central to the behavioral features of all stages of AN, and agreement that its absence is essential to any stage of health. There was little consensus about biological markers, other than body mass index, and no consensus about quality of life indices associated with different stages. Discussion This panel discussion yielded an expert-informed staging model for AN. This model now needs to be tested for its validity. The lack of consensus in several areas highlighted other research questions to address in order to develop an empirically valid and scientifically useful model of the progression of AN.
Multifunctional Pure MXene Fiber from Liquid Crystals of Only Water and MXene.

MXene liquid crystals, made of only water and MXene, coagulate to form a multifunctional electrically conductive pure MXene fiber.
North American Primary Care Research Group Position Statement on the Definition of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, from NAPCRG

Within the National Institutes of Health, the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) coordinates behavioral and social sciences research (BSSR) efforts across institutes. As part of its authorizing legislation, Congress asked OBSSR to “develop a standard definition of the field
Power System Load Forecasting Method Based on Recurrent Neural Network

Power system load forecasting plays an important role in the power dispatching operation. The development of the electricity market and the increasing integration of distributed generators have increased the complexity of power consumption model and put forward higher requirements for the accuracy and stability of load forecasting. A load forecasting method based on long-short term memory (LSTM) is proposed. This method uses deep recurrent neural network from the artificial intelligence field to establish a load forecasting model. Using the LSTM network to memorize the long-term dependence of the sequence data, the intrinsic variation of the load itself is identified from both the horizontal and vertical dimensions within a longer historical time period, while considering various influencing factors. Actual load data is used to verify the forecasting performance of different historical date windows and different network architectures.
Do Fully Threaded Transiliac-Transsacral Screws Improve Mechanical Stability of Vertically Unstable Pelvic Fractures? A Cadaveric Biomechanical Analysis.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether fully threaded transiliac-transsacral (TI-TS) fixation is biomechanically superior to partially threaded TI-TS fixation of vertically unstable transforaminal sacral fractures. METHODS Vertically unstable zone 2 sacral fractures were created in 20 human cadaveric pelves with a unilateral osteotomy and resection of 1 cm of bone through the foramen of the sacrum to represent comminution. Ten specimens received either 2 7.3-mm fully threaded or 2 7.3-mm partially threaded TI-TS screw fixation at the S1 and S2 body, and every specimen received standard 3.5-mm 8-hole parasymphyseal plating anteriorly. Each pelvis was loaded to 250 N at 3 Hz for 100,000 cycles and then loaded to failure. The primary outcome was fracture displacement at the S1 foramen, which was measured at 25,000, 50,000, 75,000, and 100,000 cycles. Secondary outcomes were simulated clinical failure of ≥1 cm displacement at the S1 foramen to determine occurrence probability of failure, and load at failure was defined as 2.5 cm of the linear loading system displacement. Specimens in the fully threaded and partially threaded cohorts were otherwise respectively comparable in regards to age, gender, and bone density. RESULTS Five of the 10 TI-TS partially threaded specimens experienced simulated clinical failure with >1 cm displacement at the S1 foramen compared with 0 of the 10 TI-TS fully threaded cohort (50% vs. 0%, P = 0.03). The mean maximal displacement at the S1 foramen was greater in the partially threaded cohort (9.3 mm) compared with the fully threaded cohort (3.6 mm; P = 0.004). Fully threaded specimens also demonstrated greater mean force to failure than the partially threaded specimens (461 N vs. 288 N; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Fully threaded TI-TS screw fixation seems to be mechanically superior to partially threaded fixation in a cadaveric vertically unstable transforaminal sacral fracture model with significantly less displacement of the posterior pelvic ring and greater load to failure.
Improving Net Photosynthetic Rate and Rooting Depth of Grapevines Through a Novel Irrigation Strategy in a Semi-Arid Climate.

Direct root-zone irrigation (DRZ) is a novel subsurface irrigation strategy initially tested in vineyards for economizing water and securing grape production in arid regions with unstable climatic patterns. However, studies are lacking on the responses of grapevine leaf carbon assimilation and deep rooting patterns to the novel irrigation strategy, which are essential for optimizing grapevine growth and alleviating extreme water stress during periods of heat and drought. Thus, a two-year field study was conducted in a commercial vineyard of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) under a semi-arid climate in Washington, USA to compare the differences in leaf gas exchange and root distribution along the 0-160 cm soil profile, combined with measurements of specific leaf area and total carbon and nitrogen content in leaves and shoots to compare DRZ and traditional surface drip irrigation (SD) under three watering regimes. Compared to SD, significantly higher rates of net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration in leaves, which positively correlated to midday stem water potential, were found in grapevines irrigated through DRZ in both years. Meanwhile, DRZ reduced total root number by 50-60% and root length density (RLD) by 30-40% in the upper 60 cm soil at high (0.75-0.80 crop evapotranspiration) and moderate (0.60-0.65 crop evapotranspiration) irrigation rates, but no significant differences were found at low (0.45-0.50 crop evapotranspiration) irrigation rate between DRZ and SD. Higher root number and RLD were detected under DRZ within 60-160 cm soil depths, accompanied by a decreased ratio of total carbon to nitrogen content in leaves with slightly increased specific leaf area. Decreased rainfall and increased temperature in 2018 possibly amplified the positive effects of DRZ. Our study indicates that grapevines under DRZ could develop deeper roots for water uptake, which helps ameliorate water stress and improve the photosynthetic rate as well as enhance grapevine adaptation to semi-arid climates.
Violence and Harassment Against LGBTQ+ Elders: Continued Challenges in Health care, Housing, and Aging Services for Pioneers of the Movement

LGBTQ+ people have faced violence, discrimination, and harassment throughout their lives as well as social isolation and stigma in their identities due to widespread heterosexism. This cohort of elders faced the AIDS crisis, institutional heterosexism, and homophobia in employment, housing, and personal affairs. Despite progress in policy and law, these pioneers still frequently face similar challenges in healthcare, housing, and supportive services as they progress into old age. These elders describe fear of going back into the closet due to harassment and discrimination in long-term care and housing facilities, healthcare services, and even public health and aging programs. This chapter will illustrate many of the challenges this cohort of LGBTQ+ elders may face as they age despite the progress of LGBTQ+ rights movements. Limitations in research as well as clinical and policy considerations will also be explored.
Large-Molecule Decomposition Products of Electrolytes and Additives Revealed by On-Electrode Chromatography and MALDI

Summary The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) produced by the decomposition of electrolyte has critical impact on battery performance. However, the precise makeup of SEI, including the composition of organic and polymeric species, is one of the least understood aspects of lithium-ion batteries. Here, we probe SEIs using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) assisted by on-electrode chromatography. On-electrode chromatography utilizes the electrode itself as the stationary phase for fractionating the molecules on the electrode surfaces, thus realizing separation of different molecular species prior to MALDI analysis. This strategy has proven important for effective MALDI measurements of SEI components directly on the electrode surfaces. With on-electrode chromatography, large-molecule decomposition products of carbonate electrolytes containing vinylene carbonate and methacrylate additives are unambiguously illustrated in each case with clear structure assignment. This work provides a simple, powerful, and universal solution for the identification of the organic components in SEIs.
Reflecting the Times? Reexamining the Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Perceptions of Campus Sexual Assault.

We examined the effects of victim and perpetrator alcohol intoxication on perceptions of campus sexual assault. Participants (N = 276) read a campus assault vignette; both perpetrator and victim in...
Community Mitigation of COVID-19 and Portrayal of Testing on TikTok: Descriptive Study.

Background: COVID-19 testing remains an essential element of a comprehensive strategy for community mitigation. Social media is a popular source of information about health, including COVID-19 and testing information. One of the most popular communication channels used by adolescents and young adults who search for health information is TikTok—an emerging social media platform. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe TikTok videos related to COVID-19 testing. Methods: The hashtag #covidtesting was searched, and the first 100 videos were included in the study sample. At the time the sample was drawn, these 100 videos garnered more than 50% of the views for all videos cataloged under the hashtag #covidtesting. The content characteristics that were coded included mentions, displays, or suggestions of anxiety, COVID-19 symptoms, quarantine, types of tests, results of test, and disgust/unpleasantness. Additional data that were coded included the number and percentage of views, likes, and comments and the use of music, dance, and humor. Results: The 100 videos garnered more than 103 million views; 111,000 comments; and over 12.8 million likes. Even though only 44 videos mentioned or suggested disgust/unpleasantness and 44 mentioned or suggested anxiety, those that portrayed tests as disgusting/unpleasant garnered over 70% of the total cumulative number of views (73,479,400/103,071,900, 71.29%) and likes (9,354,691/12,872,505, 72.67%), and those that mentioned or suggested anxiety attracted about 60% of the total cumulative number of views (61,423,500/103,071,900, 59.59%) and more than 8 million likes (8,339,598/12,872,505, 64.79%). Independent one-tailed t tests (α=.05) revealed that videos that mentioned or suggested that COVID-19 testing was disgusting/unpleasant were associated with receiving a higher number of views and likes. Conclusions: Our finding of an association between TikTok videos that mentioned or suggested that COVID-19 tests were disgusting/unpleasant and these videos’ propensity to garner views and likes is of concern. There is a need for public health agencies to recognize and address connotations of COVID-19 testing on social media.
Does Legal Change Induce Behavioral Change in Domestic Violence Against Women

We study the effectiveness of the Brazilian “Maria da Penha” Law that imposed harsher sanctions on known perpetrators of acts of domestic violence exclusively against women. Using interrupted time series analysis estimated with monthly hospitalization data from Brazil, we find that the law contributed to a 43% reduction in female hospitalizations due to injuries of bodily assault in the year following its promulgation. However, it did not impact female hospitalizations due to injuries associated with gun and knife violence. It also did not affect comparable male hospitalization rates, which mitigates concerns with potential omitted variables that could be simultaneously changing with the law and threatening the interpretation of our results. The effectiveness of the law in lessening less egregious forms of assault was especially pronounced in municipalities in which women are most vulnerable to domestic violence. All positive results that we attribute to the law were, however, short-lived.
Symptomatic facial nerve canal meningocele: A rare cause of recurrent meningitis and facial nerve palsy

Abstract A symptomatic facial canal meningocele is a rare entity which poses a diagnostic dilemma for otologists, neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can assist with the diagnosis. Treatment options range from conservative management with interval imaging to surgical management, which must balance the risk of post-operative facial nerve paralysis. The preferred operative management in refractory meningitis cases, due to CSF leak, involves subtotal petrosectomy and blind sac closure. This report presents a case of child with a background of a Type 1 Arnold-Chiari malformation, who presented with a prolonged history over 8 years with presentations of recurrent meningitis, facial nerve palsy and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The unusual diagnosis of a facial nerve canal meningocele was made and subsequenently underwent a tympanomastoidectomy/subtotal petrosectomy and blind sac closure.
The interaction of radioactive initiation factor IF-2 with ribosomes during initiation of protein synthesis.

SUMMARY The interaction of initiation factor IF-Z with ribosomes during initiation of protein synthesis was studied in vifro with the radioactive factor, [32P]phosphoryl initiation factor IF-Z. The binding and release of the factor were analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The results show that: 1. Initiation factor IF-2 is part of the complete 30 S initia- tion complex formed in the presence of A-U-G, N-formyl- methionyl transfer RNA, initiation factor IF-l, and 5’-guano- sine triphosphate or 5’-guanylyl methylenediphosphonate. 2. Initiation factor IF-2 binds to 30 S ribosomes in the absence of the other components of the 30 S initiation com- plex. The binding is stabilized by the addition of 5’-guano- sine triphosphate and by low salt concentrations in the gradi- ents. 3. Initiation factors IF-l and IF-3 greatly enhance the stability of initiation factor IF-2 binding to 30 S ribosomes. It is proposed that a complex of the 30 S ribosome and the three initiation factors may be an intermediate in the forma- tion of the complete 30 S initiation complex. 4. Initiation factor IF-2 binds stoichiometrically to active 30 S ribosomes in the presence of saturating amounts of initiation factors IF-2, IF-l, and IF-3. If the binding reac- tions are treated with glutaraldehyde before gradient analysis, 2 molecules of initiation factor IF-2 are bound per 30 S ribosome. 5. Initiation factor IF-2 and iV-formylmethionyl transfer RNA bind in equal proportions to the 70 S initiation complex formed with 5’-guanylyl methylenediphosphonate. When the 70 S complex is formed with 5’-guanosine triphosphate, however, initiation factor IF-2 no longer is bound to the complex. It is suggested that the role of 5’-guanosine tri- phosphate hydrolysis is to increase the rate of ejection of initiation factor IF-2 from the 70 S initiation complex. Initiation factor IF-2 from
Every algebraic Kummer surface is the $K3$-cover of an Enriques surface

A Kummer surface is the minimal desingularization of the surface T/i, where T is a complex torus of dimension 2 and i the involution automorphism on T. T is an abelian surface if and only if its associated Kummer surface is algebraic. Kummer surfaces are among classical examples of K3-surfaces (which are simply-connected smooth surfaces with a nowhere-vanishing holomorphic 2-form), and play a crucial role in the theory of K3-surfaces. In a sense, all Kummer surfaces (resp. algebraic Kummer surfaces) form a 4 (resp. 3)-dimensional subset in the 20 (resp. 19)-dimensional family of K3-surfaces (resp. algebraic K3 surfaces).
Human fetal electroencephalography: Application of a vacuum electrode

Abstract A new vacuum electrode for fetal electroencephalography is described, and preliminary results of its application are presented.
The Southern California air quality study

During the 82nd Annual Air & Waste Management Association meeting in Anaheim, California, researchers presented preliminary results from the 1987 Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS), which was conducted in the South Coast Air Basin. This paper describes the background and study design for SCAQS, presents summaries of the papers presented in the SCAQS Symposium at the A&WMA meeting, and describes the data analysis and air quality modeling efforts currently in progress as part of the SCAQS program.
Python and Visual Logic©: a good combination for CS0

There are many challenges associated with introductory classes in computer science. In this course, students often get their first taste of computer programming. As part of this introductory course, algorithms, flowcharts, pseudo-code and a high level programming language are often introduced. There can be some concern over the selection of each of these items as we introduce new students to our discipline. This paper recommends Python with Visual Logic© for teaching CS0, the introductory programming course for computer science majors. Python is a full featured, high level programming language. Visual Logic© is a tool which allows the students to create executable flowcharts. These features make Python and Visual Logic© suitable for CS0 and are introduced in parallel.
A Comparative Study of Tax Misery and Tax Happiness in Transition Economies and the European Union

Each May, Forbes magazine publishes a study on tax misery. The Forbes Tax Misery Index is a proxy for evaluating whether tax policy attracts or repels capital and talent. It is computed by adding the top marginal tax rate for the corporate income tax, individual income tax, wealth tax, employer's and employee's social security tax and value added tax (VAT). The higher the total, the more the misery. Some taxes are omitted, such as the real and personal property tax and excise taxes. The 2007 Index was used for this study. Fifty-six countries are ranked. The present study examines the data for the transition countries from Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union that were included in the Forbes study, plus China. Comparisons are then made with European Union countries to determine which set of countries has to endure the most tax misery.
“ONE DAY. IT WILL BE OTHERWISE:”: CHANGING THE REPUTATION AND THE REALITY OF SPECIAL COLLECTIONS

David Stam and Sarah Thomas have set forth a number of ideas and suggestions for shaping the nature and the future of special collections in libraries belonging to the Association of Research Libraries (ARL). From my perspective as director of the special collections operations in a research library, I want to comment on their recommendations and add a few suggestions that I believe are in line with the vision and strategies they have described. Like Stam, I feel that little, if anything, I say will be new. I know that many of you could offer more insightful observations and recommendations . . .
Virus-lymphocyte interactions. III. Biologic parameters of a virus variant that fails to generate CTL and establishes persistent infection in immunocompetent hosts.

Abstract Viruses that cause in vivo persistent infections avoid the host's immunologic surveillance machinery. A major component of that armamentarium is virus-specific MHC-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response of the host. Studies with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) have uncovered a parental virus (CTL+) that in immunocomponent adults induces CTL and terminates acute infection and a variant (CTL− that fails to elicit CTL responses and establishes a persistent state ( R. Ahmed et al (1984) , J. Exp. Med. 160, 521–540). The biologic properties, similarities, and differences between CTL+ and CTL− viruses as regards their interactions with lymphocytes of newborn and adult mice is recorded here. CTL+ and CTL− viruses persist in lymphocytes of newborn inoculated mice, primarily within the T helper subset. Approximately 2% of lymphocytes express viral nucleic acid sequences while only 0.04% score as infectious centers suggesting incomplete viral replication. These levels were maintained over the course of infection. In contrast, CTL− virus but not CTL+ persists in lymphocytes of mice inoculated when adults. Lymphocytes easily scored as infecting centers but rarely displayed nucleic acid sequences suggesting a different balance of incomplete to complete virion replication. Further, infectious centers decreased by 10-fold from the 3rd to 68th day of infection and the total numbers of T lymphocytes in the circulation decreased suggesting CTL− may replicate in and destroy lymphocytes of adult mice. In the following paper the primary nucleotide structure of the LCMV small RNA segment, the segment responsible for generation of CTL and encoding the proteins recognized by CTL, for CTL+ and CTL− viruses is reported.
Statin intolerance: more questions than answers

The dramatic effectiveness of statins in improving the course of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease tends to overshadow questions of statin intolerance. Thus after more than 25 years of clinical statin use, intolerance remains a poorly understood, frustrating issue for patients and providers. It has been extraordinarily difficult to define statin intolerance and its implications for clinical practice. Here, we briefly summarize current knowledge and raise questions that need to be addressed.
Amphetamine toxicity in hyperthyroid mice: Effects on endogenous catecholamines☆

Abstract The actions of d-amphetamine were studied in mice made hyperthyroid by daily injections of triiodothyronine. The LD50 of d-amphetamine in hyperthyroid mice was approximately one twentieth of that in euthyroid animals. d-Amphetamine induced a dose-dependent reduction of norepinephrine stores in the brain, heart, and spleen of euthyroid mice. The d-amphetamine-induced depletion of norepinephrine was significantly greater in the brain and spleen of hyperthyroid mice. d-Amphetamine had no effect on the catecholamine content of adrenal gland of hyperthyroid mice. Chlorpromazine, phenoxybenzamine, and propranolol pretreatment reduced the lethality of d-amphetamine in hyperthyroid mice while α-methyl-m-tyrosine, α-methyl-p-tyrosine, and reserpine pretreatment did not. The toxicity of α-methyl-m-tyrosine was enhanced in hyperthyroid mice. The role of endogenous catecholamines in the enhanced toxicity of d-amphetamine and α-methyl-m-tyrosine in hyperthyroid animals is discussed in the light of these findings.
The effect of martensite content on the fatigue of a dual-phase steel

Abstract Dual-phase steels having martensite contents ranging from 24 to 100% were produced by quenching sheets of a low-carbon (∼0.1 weight%) vanadium-bearing steel from various temperatures in the intercritical (α + γ) and austenite phase regions. Fatigue properties of these materials were determined by constant amplitude testing of both smooth and notched specimens. It was found that, while monotonic strengths increase continuously with increasing martensite contents, cyclic strengths increase only to about 30% martensite; dual-phase steels containing less than 30% martensite cyclically harden while those with higher a martensite content soften. Similar results were obtained for strain/life behaviour, ie , improvements in life by increasing martensite content only up to 30%. In contrast to monotonic behaviour the observed variation of cyclic mechanical properties with martensite content cannot be explained by a simple rule-of-mixtures. Fatigue notch sensitivity was found to increase with increasing martensite content.
Droplet deformation and structure formation in two-phase polymer/ polymer/toluene mixtures in an electric field

Droplet deformation and the development of the final morphology after solvent evaporation were studied in two-phase ternary polymer/polymer/solvent mixtures in an electric field. The polymer mixtures used included polystyrene (PS) with such other polymers as poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or polybutadiene (PB) in toluene as a solvent. In a dc field, the dispersed phases were distorted into ellipsoids with their major axes either parallel (prolate ellipsoids) or perpendicular (oblate ellipsoids) to the field direction, and/or they aligned in the field direction to form pearl chains. Droplets of the dispersed phases sometimes coalesced to form columns either parallel or perpendicular to the electric field direction. Sometimes the droplets or columns broke up into smaller droplets in the dc field. The final morphology usually contained spheres or prolate or oblate ellipsoids either randomly distributed in the matrix or in the form of pearl chains or columns. It was found that th...
Nanostructuring of Thermoelectric Mg2Si via a Nonequilibrium Intermediate State

A new route to self-assembled nanocomposite thermoelectric materials is proposed. High-energy mechanical alloying brings materials into a nonequilibrium intermediate state, such as a solid solution with an extended solubility. The large driving force for the transformation to the equilibrium state leads to nanometer-scale microstructure formation, which is ideal for reducing lattice thermal conductivity.
Vortex effects on domain growth: The clock model

The development of order in the clock (${\mathbf{Z}}_{N}$) model is studied following a quench from high temperature ($T\ensuremath{\gg}{T}_{c}$) to very low temperatures, where the system has a ferromagnetic ground state. We find that the mean domain size $R$ and energy $E$ do not increase algebraically with time, in contrast to the behavior observed for the $Q$-state Potts model. Instead, we find that quenched-in vortices, present even at low temperature, play an important role in the domain growth, ultimately pinning the growth for long times.