cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Physical Inactivity in Men and Women With Type 2 Diabetes From the Detection of Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics (DIAD) Study

PurposeThe purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine changes in physical inactivity from baseline to 5 years and to identify factors associated with and predictive of physical inactivity among individuals with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Detection of Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics (DIAD) study.MethodsDIAD was a prospective randomized screening trial that assessed the prevalence of silent ischemia in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects were recruited from diabetes and primary care practices at 14 centers throughout the United States and Canada. This is a secondary data analysis of the physical activity data (type and hours/week) collected. No intervention was conducted.ResultsIn all subjects, physical inactivity rose from 24% at baseline to 33% at 5 years (S = 28.93; P < .0001). This change was significant in both men (S = 11.44; P < .0001), increasing from 23% to 31%, and women (S = 18.05; P < .0001), increasing from 25% to 36%. Gender differences were noted in several f...
Colon fold contour estimation for 3D visualization of colon structure from 2D colonoscopy images

This paper presents a novel colon fold contour estimation technique, a crucial step toward fully-automated reconstruction of a 3D colon segment from an image captured from colonoscopy for automated labeling of unseen mucosa areas (where polyps or abnormal lesions may reside) during colonoscopy. The endoscopist can then manipulate the endoscope to inspect these unseen areas. The proposed technique estimates colon fold contours taking advantage of both computer graphics and image processing. The algorithm detects edges of the colon folds, filters noise edges, pairs edges from the same colon fold, and finally completes the contours. The completed colon fold contours and pixel properties around the contours are used to reconstruct a 3D virtual colon segment. We evaluate recall and precision of the algorithm and similarity between algorithm estimated fold contours and manually drawn fold contours.
Exposure to Medical Test Irradiation and Acute Leukemia Among Children With Down Syndrome: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group

Objective The etiology of acute childhood leukemia is not well understood, particularly among children with Down syndrome, in whom a 10- to 20-fold increased risk of leukemogenesis has been reported compared with children without Down syndrome. We explored the association between medical test irradiation, a postulated leukemogenic agent, and acute leukemia among children with Down syndrome. Patients and methods Children with Down syndrome (controls) were frequency matched on age to children with Down syndrome and leukemia (cases) diagnosed at ages 0 to 19 years during the period 1997-2002 at participating Children's Oncology Group institutions in North America. Telephone interviews were completed with mothers of 158 cases (n = 97 acute lymphoblastic leukemia and n = 61 acute myeloid leukemia) and 173 controls. Paternal interviews were completed with 275 fathers and 40 mothers serving as surrogates. Three irradiation exposure periods were examined: preconception, in utero, and postnatal. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the associations of interest, resulting in odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results There was little evidence that maternal or paternal preconception irradiation exposure, intrauterine exposure, or postnatal exposure contributes to leukemogenesis in children with Down syndrome. Overall, no evidence for an effect of any periconceptional exposure was observed. Similar results were observed among acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia cases analyzed separately. Conclusions This was the first study, to our knowledge, to examine such an association among this unique patient population. The results do not provide evidence of a positive association between ionizing radiation exposure and acute leukemia among children with Down syndrome. The absence of an association should be encouraging for concerned parents of children with Down syndrome who undergo a series of diagnostic radiographs in the course of their standard care.
THE PRECIPITIN REACTION BETWEEN TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS POLYSACCHARIDE AND HOMOLOGOUS ANTIBODY III. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY AND A THEORY OF THE REACTION MECHANISM

The precipitin reaction between the specific polysaccharide of Type III pneumococcus and homologous antibody formed in the horse can be accounted for quantitatively by assuming the chemical combination of the components in a bimolecular reaction, followed by a series of competing bimolecular reactions which depend upon the relative proportions of the components. These reactions would lead to the formation of larger and larger aggregates until precipitation ultimately occurred. The mathematical formulation of this theory on the basis of the mass law is described. The derived expressions are shown to be in accord with the experimental findings and the constants used in these expressions are shown to have definite significance. In spite of the wide variation in the properties of individual sera these expressions permit the complete description of the behavior of an unknown serum with S III without an unduly burdensome number of analyses. The quantitative theory presented has been found applicable to other instances of the precipitin reaction, as will be shown in subsequent papers.
Adaptable software for communications in video conferencing

Video conferencing systems (VCS) have become practical in commercial and research institutions because the advances of technologies in networking and multimedia applications. A video conferencing session involves multiple parties, possibly geographically interspersed, which exchange real-time video data. How anomalies such as site failure and network partitioning affect the effectiveness and utilization of the communication capabilities. Video conferencing systems lack the ability of dynamically adapting themselves to the variations in the system resources such as network bandwidths, CPU utilization, memory and disk storage. In VCS, changes in parameters such as frame sizes, codec schemes, color depths, and frame resolutions can be agreed upon by users interactively based on their requirements for Quality of Service. They cannot be made automatically based on the distributed system measurements of currently available resources. We need to limit the users' burden in keeping the system running in the most suitable mode to current environment and make it possible to provide the best possible service based on the status of the system. Incorporating adaptability into a video conferencing systems minimizes the effects of the variations in system environments on the quality of video conference sessions. In this paper we present the following. First we briefly discuss the concept of adaptability and the basic idea for achieving adaptability in a video conferencing system. Next to identify and describe some of the common anomalies encountered in a distributed system. We further characterize the Quality of Service parameters in terms of timeliness, accuracy, and precision. These parameters are also identified in different layers of the software. We give an overview of the NV video conferencing system which serves as the testbed of our experiments. Then we describe the extension and modification to NV and discuss some reconfiguration issues. Finally, a summary of experimental data analyses, observations, and discussions are presented. Specifically we show how VCS parameters affect the communication and computing. Next we present some guidelines for maintaining timeliness and accuracy when bandwidth decreases. We are conducting a series of experiments that will lead in the development of policies for adaptability at the application, system, and network layer to meet the quality of service requirements. Next we study the impact of network constraints in determining the quality of service that can be guaranteed to the user. Based on these experiments, we plan to identify guidelines and expertise that will allow the applications and network to meet the quality of service requirements at all layers.
Correlates of public support toward federal funding for harm reduction strategies

Background Historically, US federal policy has not supported harm reduction interventions, such as safe injection facilities (SIFs) and needle and syringe programs (NSPs), which can reduce the burden associated with injection drug use. Given recent increases in abuse of both legal and illegal opioids, there has been a renewed debate about effective ways to address this problem. The current study (1) assessed participants’ support for SIFs and NSPs, and (2) evaluated several demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, race, education, political ideology, and religiosity) and individual differences in stigmatizing beliefs about people who inject drugs (PWID) that might relate to support for these interventions.
Discovery of GNF-5837, a Selective TRK Inhibitor with Efficacy in Rodent Cancer Tumor Models

Neurotrophins and their receptors (TRKs) play key roles in the development of the nervous system and the maintenance of the neural network. Accumulating evidence points to their role in malignant transformations, chemotaxis, metastasis, and survival signaling and may contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of tumors of both neural and non-neural origin. By screening the GNF kinase collection, a series of novel oxindole inhibitors of TRKs were identified. Optimization led to the identification of GNF-5837 (22), a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable pan-TRK inhibitor that inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model derived from RIE cells expressing both TRKA and NGF. The properties of 22 make it a good tool for the elucidation of TRK biology in cancer and other nononcology indications.
Reclassification of Mesoplasma pleciae as Acholeplasma pleciae comb. nov. on the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence data

Genomic DNA sequence data for the 16S rRNA gene and the gyrB gene of Mesoplasma pleciae PS-1T (=ATCC 49582T=NBRC 100476T) demonstrate a much closer relationship to Acholeplasma laidlawii and Acholeplasma oculi than to other species in the order Entomoplasmatales. In addition, the preferred use of UGG rather than UGA as the codon for tryptophan in the gyrB sequence probably places the organism outside the order Entomoplasmatales. It is proposed that M. pleciae be reclassified in the genus Acholeplasma, as Acholeplasma pleciae comb. nov.
Video capacity and QoE enhancements over LTE

Quality of Experience (QoE) has taken a center stage in the performance evaluation of multimedia delivery technologies. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) system is the latest generation of wireless cellular technology expected to deliver higher data rates and meet the burgeoning data demand. With the projected dominant share of video services in mobile traffic, providing satisfactory QoE to video users is a key objective for LTE system design. In this paper, we present a QoE-based evaluation methodology to assess the LTE system video capacity in terms of the number of unicast video consumers that can be simultaneously supported for a given target QoE. We define and use the notion of rebuffering outage capacity to quantify the video service capacity. Our evaluation further incorporates adaptive streaming, a promising technology for video delivery over wireless, and presents its consequent QoE-capacity tradeoff. The impact of QoE-based outage criteria is also investigated on the downlink video capacity. Finally, we propose a QoE-aware radio resource management (RRM) framework which allows the network operator to further enhance the video capacity. Our results demonstrate that there is a significant potential to optimize video capacity through QoE awareness both at the application level and radio access network (RAN) level.
Oops, we should have diversified!

This article extends the research on the improvements to the efficient portfolio frontier in globally diversified portfolios. We examine efficient frontiers of regional equity portfolios from developed and undeveloped countries. We show that a globally diversified portfolio has higher reward with less risk than individual regional portfolios. We also show that, in the past 8 years, a US investor would have achieved higher returns for the same risk if diversified in emerging and frontier markets. These results have implications for practical portfolio selection as well as empirical applications of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).
Film: Exposing the emergency department

Abstract [Iserson KV. Film: exposing the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. February 2001;37:220-221.]
Chlorophyll B fluorescence and an emission band at 700 nm at room temperature in green algae.

Chlorophyll (Chl) b is non-fluorescent in utio as it transfers excitation energy with 100% efficiency to Chl a [l-3]. There is no record of Chl b fluorescence in viva. We show here, for the first time, that Chi b is slightly fluorescent in vivo (at 660-665 nm) when the cells are exposed to bright light, or treated with DCMU (see footnote*); this emission was uncovered when we compared the ratios of <‘high” to “low” fluorescence yields as a function of the wavelength of light. In red algae, a new band around 693 nm, observed upon excitation with high intensity system II light, or with DCMU treatment, was suggested to originate in the energy trap of system II [4, 51. Earlier attempts in our laboratory by several investigators failed to reveal the presence of a similar band in green algae. We demonstrate here the existence of an emission band at about 700 nm in Chlorella and Chlamydomonas when we compare the ratios of “high” to “low” yield fluorescence as a function of the wavelength of light. We interpret the above findings as to be caused by a decrease in the efficiency of energy transfer from Chl b to ChI 12, and from Chl a molecules near the trap to the trap of system II, when the latter are closed at high light and in the presence of DCMU.
Studies on sextupole components generated by eddy currents in the Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron

The Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron is a second generation medical accelerator that it has been designed with a repetition frequency of 30 Hz. This repetition frequency is far above the typical repetition frequency used in medical accelerators. An elliptical beam pipe has been chosen for the RCMS design in order to win as much physical aperture as possible while keeping the magnet dimensions as small as possible. Rapid Cycling induces Eddy current in the magnets. Eddy currents and elliptical beam pipes generate sextupole components that might be necessary to consider. In this paper, the effects of these sextupoles components are evaluated, first by looking at the phase space of a bunch of particles that has been tracked for 62530 turns, and also by evaluating the dynamical aperture of the accelerator. The effect of the sextupoles component in the tuneshift is also evaluated. First results obtained with Marylie show that the width of a phase space ellipse of a bunch of particles is slightly affected by the sextupoles due to the Eddy currents.
Teachers talk about teaming and leadership in their work

T EACHERS JUGGLE MANY ROLES in their work lives. Throughout the past 15 years of school reform, many teachers have been asked to juggle more and faster as reformers seek to expand the roles teachers play. One issue in the preparation of teachers of high quality might well be how teachers come to juggle these roles successfully. In this article, we focus on the strategies four teachers have used to incorporate two roles, teaming and leadership, into their work lives.
Thickness-dependent Structural Relaxation of Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposited Silicon Oxide Films during Thermal Processing

This paper presents a microstructure-based mechanism which elucidates seams as a source of density change and voids as a source of plastic deformation, accompanied by a viscous flow. This theory was then applied to explain a series of experimental results that are related to thermal cycling of amorphous dielectric films, such as plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposited (PECVD) silicon oxide (SiOx) films, including stress hysteresis generation and reduction and coefficient of thermal-expansion changes. In particular, the thickness effect was examined; PECVD SiO x films with a thickness varying from 1 to 40 m were studied, as certain demanding applications in Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) require such thick films serving as heat/electrical insulation layers.
Local anesthetics: dentistry's most important drugs, clinical update 2006.

A B S T R A C T Local anesthetics are the safest and most effective drugs in medicine for the control and management of pain. They also represent the most important drugs in dentistry. Today, dentistry has a spectrum of local anesthetics that permit pain control to be tailored to the specific needs of the patient: short-, intermediate-, and long-acting drugs. Bupivacaine has become a standard part of the armamentarium for postsurgical pain control while articaine has become the second-most used local anesthetic in the United States since its introduction in 2000. Despite an increase in anecdotal reports of paresthesia since articaine’s introduction there is, as yet, no supporting scientific evidence.
Promoting Family-Focused Evidenced-Based Practice in Frontline HIV/AIDS Care

This chapter addresses challenges involved in disseminating evidence-based interventions to frontline HIV/AIDS care settings, to encourage more high-quality services for families affected by HIV/AIDS. In order to inform this discussion, this chapter examines the many ways in which HIV affects families, the rationale for reaching families through HIV-related service settings, and the many barriers that must be overcome. Next, we provide an overview of the Special Needs Clinic, which offers an exemplary model of a continuum of services organized to support families coping with HIV/AIDS alongside co-morbid medical and mental health problems, poverty, and substance use. Lessons learned at the Special Needs Clinic highlight some inherent difficulties in dissemination of behavioral and psychosocial interventions for families affected by HIV/AIDS, even under the best of circumstances. Next, we turn to results of the Family ACCESS to Care Study, based on interviews with 68 providers, 622 persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), and 195 of their family members from 22 different community service agencies in New York City. Findings of this study demonstrate those PLHAs and their family members express high levels of unmet need for marital and family therapy and other family-focused services. Despite relevant training and experience, agency staff members perceive a mismatch between family-focused interventions and agencies’ mission. Staff and family members also differ in the priorities they ascribe to different evidence-based interventions. Dissemination research focused on local experimentation and problem solving is needed to overcome challenges, bridge differences in perspectives, and build a strong foundation of support and care for families affected by HIV/AIDS.
Magnetic subperiodic groups.

The magnetic subperiodic groups, the 31 magnetic frieze-group types, the 394 magnetic rod-group types and the 528 magnetic layer-group types, are derived and given symbols based on the symbols for the nonmagnetic subperiodic groups in Volume E of International Tables for Crystallography. The symbols are constructed in analogy to the Opechowski–Guccione symbols for magnetic space groups. Tables are given that list one group from each type. Each group is specified not only by its symbol but also by explicitly listing the coset representatives of the coset decomposition of the group with respect to its translational subgroup.
Coming Home to Manilatown, International Hotel

The manongs did not live their lives in silence. They were part of the struggle. The International Hotel was the center of struggle. This was truly their home. The tragedy of their lives, their struggle was felt deeply when they were thrown out in the street. The city government, the police, and the rich failed to interest them. The Catholic Church next door did not raise a finger to help us. They raised their voices "as the poet does." It was only to learn many years later how the tenants felt, how it affected their lives. Will they ever return to the place that was once their home?Poets walk down Manilatown streets, listening.
The Vietnamese double marriage squeeze

According to Guttentag and Secord (1983), the relative balance of power between the sexes is determined by dynamic interactions of dyadic and structural power. Dyadic power accrues to whichever sex...
Involvement of arginine residues in the allosteric activation and inhibition of Synechocystis PCC 6803 ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase.

ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27) from the cyanobacteriumSynechocystis PCC 6803 was desensitized to the effects of allosteric ligands by treatment with the arginine reagent, phenylglyoxal. Enzyme modification by phenylglyoxal resulted in inactivation when the enzyme was assayed under 3P-glycerate-activated conditions. There was little loss of the catalytic activity assayed in the absence of activator. Pi, 3P-glycerate, and pyridoxal-P were able to protect the enzyme from inactivation, whereas substrates gave minimal protection. The protective effect exhibited by Pi and 3P-glycerate was dependent on effector concentration. MgCl2 enhanced the protection afforded by 3P-glycerate. The enzyme partially modified by phenylglyoxal was more resistant to 3P-glycerate activation and Pi inhibition than the unmodified form.V max at saturating 3P-glycerate concentrations and the apparent affinity of the enzyme toward Pi were decreased upon phenylglyoxal modification. Incorporation of labeled phenylglyoxal into the enzyme was proportional to the loss of activity. Pi and 3P-glycerate nearly completely prevented incorporation of the reagent to the protein. Results suggest that one arginine residue per mol of enzyme subunit is involved in the binding of allosteric effector in the cyanobacterial ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase.
The other Side of the Chinese Economic Miracle

Despite the financial crisis still sinking the world economy, China's GDP growth rate in 2010 reached 10 percent, continuing the great momentum maintained since the 1980s. This is often referred to as the Chinese economic miracle. While many marvel at and try to mystify the miracle, the other side of the miracle is less than miraculous. Compared with the period of its planned economy between the 1950s and 1970s, in the ensuing three decades, China has undergone slower progress in major health indicators, and this has been accompanied by an ailing health care system. This report presents a portrait of China's underdevelopment of health and its health care system, with up-to-date statistics. Such information is important for a fuller, more balanced, and more accurate view of the Chinese economic miracle.
Immigration and Citizenship in Japan: Constructing Citizenship and Noncitizenship in Postwar Japan

According to Rogers Brubaker (1992), citizenship policies in the modern world have demonstrated remarkable continuity because they are based on the deeply rooted national traditions of each nation-state. His comparative historical study traces modern German citizenship policies, which were based predominantly on the principle of jus sanguinis until recently, to the ethnocultural understandings of nationhood that preceded the development of the German nation-state. Likewise, he argues that liberal citizenship policies in France have their origins in the assimilationist understandings of nationhood that date back to the rationalist, cosmopolitan tradition of the eighteenth century. If we were to apply Brubaker's “national traditions” model to the Japanese case, we might surmise that deeply rooted understandings of racial purity in Japanese history inevitably gave rise to descent-based citizenship policies. To be sure, the idea of a “unique” Japanese identity has been a powerful mobilizational tool since the Meiji Restoration of 1868. As John Dower's (1986: 222) powerful study of racial images used during the Pacific War demonstrates, the emperor symbol and the idea of “one blood and one mind” under the emperor became the basis for an ideology that dramatized the “unique character of the nation” and the “racial homogeneity of the people” in order to bring about national unity. In a similar vein, Peter Duus (1995: 415) notes that, although a number of Meiji intellectuals acknowledged the heterogeneous character of the population in ancient times, they argued that these various ethnic groups were “blended” ( dōka ) and “fused” ( yūgō ) into the superior Yamato race.
in vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Pigments from Flowers of Vicia sepium

The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of pigments extracted from the flowers of Vicia sepium was investigated.The pigment extract had reducing power and scavenging activity against superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals in a concentration-dependent fashion.At a concentration of 0.72 mg/mL,its scavenging rates against superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals were 69.01% and 66.27%,respectively.Its antibacterial activity against different strains followed the decreasing order: E.coli,Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccus aureus and was positively correlated with concentration.
The Effect of Prostaglandins F2α And E2 on Pregnancy in Mice During Implantation

The uterine content of prostaglandins (PGs) increases following insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD). Such IUD-bearing uteri also exhibit impaired decidualization. Although prostaglandins have been shown to be luteolytic in several species, it is not clear that inhibition of decidualization is mediated solely through alterations in ovarian steroidogenesis. In these experiments, ovariectomized, hormone-replaced pregnant mice, as well as intact mice, were treated systemically with either PGE 2 or PGF 2α so that the extraovarian actions of prostaglandins upon decidualization could be segregated from effects mediated by alterations in ovarian steroidogenesis. The results suggest that the effect of PGF 2α upon decidualization was mediated via an alteration in ovarian steroidogenesis, but that PGE 2 acted independently of the ovary. The hypothesis is presented that alterations in the ratio of E to F prostaglandins elicited within the endometrium by an IUD inhibit decidualization at the uterine level, and that this effect might be mediated by impairment of histamine release from endometrial mast cells.
Compliance With the Healthy Eating Standards in YMCA After-School Programs.

Abstract Objective In 2011, the YMCA of the US adopted Healthy Eating standards for all of their after-school programs (ASPs). The extent to which YMCA ASPs comply with the standards is unknown. Methods Twenty ASPs from all YMCA ASPs across South Carolina (N = 102) were invited to participate. Direct observation of the food and beverages served and staff behaviors were collected on 4 nonconsecutive days per ASP. Results One ASP did not serve a snack. Of the remaining ASPs, a total of 26% served a fruit or vegetable and 32% served water every day; 26% served sugar-sweetened beverages, 47% served sugar-added foods, and only 11% served whole grains when grains were served. Staff members sat with the children (65%) or verbally promoted healthy eating (15%) on at least 1 observation day. Staff drank non-approved drinks (25%) or foods (45%) on at least 1 observation day. No ASPs served snacks family-style every day. Conclusions and Implications Additional efforts are required to assist YMCA-operated ASPs in achieving these important nutrition standards.
Critical Thinking Instruction in English for Academic Purposes Writing Courses: A Dialectical Thinking Approach

Critical thinking (CT) is usually taught as a list of practical skills for students to master. In this article, the authors argue that CT instruction should go beyond skills to engage students with issues of identifying their own biases and understanding multiple perspectives on issues. This explicit attention to one's own bias is essential for dealing with the issues of sociocentrism and egocentrism, which hinder expansive thought. This article presents students’ perspectives on an English for academic purposes writing course where they engaged in dialectical CT instruction, reading and writing responses to articles on topics with multiple perspectives. Interview data reveal that students viewed CT as new and valuable, but also challenging. Furthermore, although students also elaborated on the ways CT is culturally distinct from their home culture, they nevertheless recognized the value of it not only for their future academic purposes but also for their lives outside the classroom.
Data Level Fusion of Multilook Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) Images

Although techniques for resolution enhancement in single-aspect radar imaging have made rapid progress in recent years, it does not necessarily imply that such enhanced images will improve target identification or recognition. However, when multiple looks of the same target from different aspects are obtained, the available knowledge base increases allowing more useful target information to be extracted. Physics based image fusion techniques can be developed by processing the raw data collected from multiple ISAR sensors, even if these individual images are at different resolutions. We derive an appropriate data fusion rule in order to generate a composite image containing increased target shape characteristics for improved target recognition. The rule maps multiple data sets collected by multiple radars with different system parameters on to the same spatial-frequency space. The composite image can be reconstructed using the inverse 2-D Fourier transform over the separated multiple integration areas. An algorithm called the matrix Fourier transform is created to realize such a complicated integral. This algorithm can be regarded as an exact interpolation, such that there is no information loss caused by data fusion. The rotation centers need to be carefully selected in order to properly register the multiple images before performing the fusion. A comparison of the IAR (Image Attribute Rating) curve between the fused image and the spatial-averaged images quantifies the improvement in the detected target features. The technique shows considerable improvement over a simple spatial averaging algorithm and thereby enhances target recognition.
Underdiagnosing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a State Hospital

ABSTRACTPrior research has found that individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), such as severe mood disorders and psychotic disorders, tend to have higher rates of trauma. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence rates of diagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among a sample of forensic psychiatric patients. It was hypothesized that true rates of PTSD may be underrepresented due to the primary focus of treatment in this setting being the treatment of SMI. Recommendations are provided for increasing diagnostic accuracy and improving trauma-informed care.
Creating a Safe Haven Following Child Maltreatment : The Benefits and Limits of Social Support

Childhood maltreatment, particularly when it originates within the family, can lead to significant challenges to personal recovery and subsequent interpersonal relationships. This chapter reviewed evidence for social support as a promotive (main effect) and/or a protective/buffering (moderating effect) factor in overcoming the negative effects of child maltreatment. Findings revealed promotive effects across many studies, but less consistent evidence for a protective effect. Social support generally acted as a buffer against negative outcomes for individuals with lower, rather than higher, exposure to maltreatment. In addition, family or network social support served as a risk factor within certain situations or contexts. The nuanced findings regarding the impact of social support provided a better understanding of the benefits and limits of social support following child maltreatment. Therapists working with survivors of childhood maltreatment should explore the quality and characteristics of the social support provided to assess whether it is a helpful resource or if alternate sources of support should be cultivated.
Contractor-Furnished Compaction Testing: Searching for Correlations Between Potential Alternatives to the Nuclear Density Gauge in Missouri Highway Projects

The Missouri Department of Transportation's (MoDOT) past and present quality control and quality assurance programs for construction are examined. MoDOT's present quality management program along with a small number of grading projects has lowered the number of quality assurance (QA) soil compaction tests completed in the past two years. The department would like to rid itself of using the nuclear density gauges because of burdensome federal regulations, required training, security and licensing fees. Linear and multiple regression analysis was performed to see if a correlation between nuclear density gauge dry densities values and light weight deflectometer modulus values/clegg hammer clegg impact values exist. These relationships or lack thereof will determine the technology used by construction contractors to perform compaction quality control testing if MoDOT moves away from using nuclear density gauges for soil density verification.
An evolutionary algorithm for subset selection in causal inference models

AbstractResearchers in all disciplines desire to identify causal relationships. Randomized experimental designs isolate the treatment effect and thus permit causal inferences. However, experiments ...
Robotic technology in interventional cardiology: Current status and future perspectives

Robotic technology has been utilized in cardiovascular medicine for over a decade, and over that period, its use has been expanded to percutaneous coronary and peripheral vascular interventions. The safety and feasibility of robotically assisted percutaneous cardiovascular interventions has been demonstrated in studies including simple to complex coronary lesions, and both iliac and femoropopliteal lesions. These reports have shown that robotically assisted PCI significantly reduces operator exposure to harmful ionizing radiation without a detrimental effect on procedural success or clinical efficacy. Additionally, the use of robotics has the intuitive benefit of alleviating the risk of orthopedic injuries faced by interventional operators. In addition to the interventional operator benefits, robotically assisted intervention has the potential for patient level benefit by allowing more accurate lesion length measurement, precise stent placement, and lower patient radiation exposure. However, further investigation is required to fully elucidate these potential benefits.
The reticulospinal pathway does not increase its contribution to the strength of contralesional muscles in stroke survivors as compared to ipsilesional side or healthy controls

Objective: Startling acoustic stimuli (SAS), via activation of reticulospinal pathways, has shown to increase muscle strength in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that, given reticulospinal hyperexcitability in stroke survivors, SAS could increase muscle strength in stroke survivors. The objective was to quantify the effect of SAS on maximal and submaximal voluntary elbow flexion on the contralesional (impaired) side in stroke survivors as compared to ipsilesional (non-impaired) side and healthy controls. Design: Thirteen hemiparetic stroke survivors and twelve healthy subjects volunteered for this investigation. Acoustic stimulation was given at rest, during ballistic maximal and sustained submaximal isometric elbow contractions using low (80 dB) and high intensity sound (105 dB). The effect of acoustic stimuli was evaluated from EMG and force recordings Results: Prevalence of acoustic startle reflex with shorter latency in the impaired biceps was greater as compared to the response in the non-impaired side of stroke subjects and in healthy subjects. Delivery of SAS resulted in earlier initiation of elbow flexion and greater peak torque in healthy subjects and in stroke subjects with spastic hemiplegia during maximal voluntary elbow flexion tasks. During submaximal elbow flexion tasks, SAS-induced force responses were slightly greater on the impaired side than the non-impaired side. However, no statistically significant difference was found in SAS-induced responses between impaired and non-impaired sides at maximal and submaximal elbow flexion tasks. Conclusion: The findings suggest reticulospinal hyperexcitability in stroke survivors with spastic hemiplegia. The results of similar SAS-induced responses between healthy and stroke subjects indicate that reticulospinal projections via acoustic stimulation are not likely to contribute to muscle strength for stroke survivors to a significant extent.
Delayed Lactogenesis II and potential utility of antenatal milk expression in women developing late-onset preeclampsia: a case series

Preeclampsia is a multi-system, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that increases a woman’s risk of later-life cardiovascular disease. Breastfeeding may counteract the negative cardiovascular sequela associated with preeclampsia; however, women who develop preeclampsia may be at-risk for suboptimal breastfeeding rates. In this case series, we present three cases of late-onset preeclampsia and one case of severe gestational hypertension that illustrate a potential association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and suboptimal breastfeeding outcomes, including delayed onset of lactogenesis II and in-hospital formula supplementation. All cases were drawn from an ongoing pilot randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of antenatal milk expression versus an education control on breastfeeding outcomes. All study participants were healthy nulliparous women recruited at 34–366/7 gestational weeks from a hospital-based midwife practice. The variability in clinical presentation among the four cases suggests that any effect of hypertensive disorders on breastfeeding outcomes is likely multifactorial in nature, and may include both primary (e.g., preeclampsia disease course itself) and secondary (e.g., magnesium sulfate therapy, delayed at-breast feeding due to maternal-infant separation) etiologies. We further describe the use of antenatal milk expression (AME), or milk expression and storage beginning around 37 weeks of gestation, as a potential intervention to mitigate suboptimal breastfeeding outcomes in women at risk for preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Additional research is needed to address incidence, etiology, and interventions, including AME, for breastfeeding issues among a larger sample of women who develop hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Electrically-Induced Absorption Silicon-Plasmonic Modulator with 70nm Bandwidth

We present an electrically-induced absorption plasmonic modulator on silicon platform with 3 μm length using transparent conductive oxide filled in Au slot waveguide. We experimentally demonstrated 1.5dB/μm extinction ratio over 70 nm optical bandwidth.
Electron Collisions with Molecules

The interaction time of an e- with a molecule is: tc ~10-16 − 10-15 s The typical time for a molecule to vibrate is: tvib ~ 10-14 − 10-13 s The typical time for a molecule to dissociate is: tdiss ~ tvib ~ 10-14 − 10-13 s The typical transition time for electric dipole radiation is: τrad ~ 10-9 − 10-8 s The typical time between collision in a low pressure plasma is τc These time scales are: tc ≪ tvib ~ tdiss ≪ τrad ≪ τc
Educating parents in aquatics activities for children with visual impairmentsw

Aquatics are the number one physical activity among children with visual impairments (VI). Because parents may lack proper skills in teaching their children with VI how to swim, in some cases, they...
Understanding the Prediction Process of Deep Networks by Forests

Deep networks have continually outperformed conventional methods on a variety of tasks. However, the unexplainable aspect of deep networks limits its application in the high impact yet high risk tasks, e.g., financial credit scenario, medical diagnosis, terrorism detection and so on. Most existing interpretable approaches focus on heuristic visualization without a clear meaning. To tackle this issue, we propose a general framework to track the prediction making process (or the rules) from the input to the latent representations of deep networks. Given a deep model, the proposed method chooses a group of hidden units by considering both importance and diversity. Each selected unit is then fit by a random forest model to imitate the local structure of the overall model. For a specific input data, all paths from input to the selected units are merged in an intersection and union way to generate the final rules. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed method can extract rules in various scenarios, ranging from age prediction, scene classification to activity classification, to interpret the prediction process. We further analyze the validity of the rules and visualize the laver-wise rules.
Consumer awareness of supply chain flows in relation to consumer perceptions of value-added by supply chain management

The objective of this study was to examine the perceptions of consumers regarding their awareness of supply chain management flows and the benefits that these flows convey to them. A further objective was to test the conjecture that consumers could be grouped into supply chain benefit segments. An electronic survey (Qualtrics) was administered to consumers in the USA to test the propositions. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three important benefits sought by consumers (variety and assortment, quality/price and reasonable price segments). An analysis of variance suggested that the three consumer supply chain benefit clusters explained differences in consumer awareness of supply chain flows. Consumers in the variety and assortment segment had a higher awareness of financial flows, material flows and information flows as a result of their shopping behaviour. The conjecture that the variety and assortment segment had higher awareness of supply chain flows due to their higher online shopping frequency was supported.
Ripplocations: A universal deformation mechanism in layered solids

Layered materials and formations are ubiquitous in Nature and span the gamut from individual graphene layers in graphite, to layered composites, to geologic formations. And while the similarities in the deformation of the latter two have been recognized, that the same physics applies at the atomic scale has not. Using atomistic simulations on graphite, and simple instrumented cylindrical indentation experiments on decks of cards and thin steel sheets the authors show that, in all cases, confined buckling leads to the nucleation of multiple ripplocations that rapidly propagate away from under the indenter in a wavelike manner. Upon unloading, they disappear, after dissipating considerable frictional energy. In short, Nature's solution for the deformation of all layered solids, g20 orders of magnitude in scale, is as simple as it is universal: buckling. To be able to shed light on how an earthquake propagates from studying the deformation of graphite and vice versa is quite astonishing and remarkable indeed.
Characteristics of Syncope Admissions Among Hospitals of Varying Teaching Intensity.

Objectives Previous work suggests that hospitals' teaching status is correlated with readmission rates, cost of care, and mortality. The degree to which teaching status is associated with the management of syncope has not been studied extensively. We sought to characterize the relation between teaching status and inpatient syncope management. Methods We created regression models to characterize the relation between teaching status and cardiac ischemic evaluations (cardiac catheterization and/or stress test) during syncope admissions. Admissions with a primary diagnosis of syncope in Maryland and Kentucky between 2007 and 2014 were included. Results The dataset included 71,341 syncope admissions at 151 hospitals. Overall, 15% of patients had an ischemic evaluation. There was a significantly lower likelihood of an ischemic evaluation at major teaching hospitals relative to nonteaching hospitals (adjusted odds ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.71-0.79), but a higher likelihood of an ischemic evaluation at minor teaching hospitals (adjusted odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.25). Conclusions By definition, the syncope admissions included were unexplained or idiopathic cases, and thus likely to be lower-risk syncope cases. Those with a known etiology are coded by the cause of syncope, as dictated by coding guidelines. It is likely that many of these ischemic evaluations represent low-value care. Financial incentives and processes of care at major teaching hospitals may be driving this trend, and efforts should be made to better understand and replicate these at minor teaching and nonteaching hospitals.
Neuro-endocrine influences on human gastric secretion. I. Gastric acid and plasma cortisol responses to induced hypoglycemia.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether endogenous release of plasma cortisol during or after induced hypoglycemia would have any appreciable influence on the concomitant gastric acid response over a 4-hr period. No such influence was demonstrated. A significant difference in plasma cortisol response was observed between insulin and tolbutamide, the latter evoking a much smaller and less frequent cortisol response. This study does not support the thesis that a delayed gastric acid response following hypoglycemia is due to an adreno-cortisol influence. The overall implication is that a short-acting stress would not facilitate peptic ulcer formation through a pituitary-adreno-cortical mechanism on gastric acid secretion. However, these findings do not exclude more remote influences of adreno-cortical hormones upon parietal cells.
Activation of PARP-1 by snoRNAs Controls Ribosome Biogenesis and Cell Growth via the RNA Helicase DDX21

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) prevent cancer cell growth by inducing synthetic lethality with DNA repair defects (e.g., in BRCA1/2 mutant cells). We have identified an alternative pathway for PARPi-mediated growth control in BRCA1/2-intact breast cancer cells involving rDNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis. PARP-1 binds to snoRNAs, which stimulate PARP-1 catalytic activity in the nucleolus independent of DNA damage. Activated PARP-1 ADP-ribosylates DDX21, an RNA helicase that localizes to nucleoli and promotes rDNA transcription when ADP-ribosylated. Treatment with PARPi or mutation of the ADP-ribosylation sites reduces DDX21 nucleolar localization, rDNA transcription, ribosome biogenesis, protein translation, and cell growth. The salient features of this pathway are evident in xenografts in mice and human breast cancer patient samples. Elevated levels of PARP-1 and nucleolar DDX21 are associated with cancer-related outcomes. Our studies provide a mechanistic rationale for efficacy of PARPi in cancer cells lacking defects in DNA repair whose growth is inhibited by PARPi.
Magnocellular Pathway and Reading Rate: An Equivalence Test Analysis

Previous research has revealed conflicting results with regard to the role of the magnocellular visual system in reading and dyslexia. In order to investigate this further, the present study examin...