cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical anatomy and pathology of the round window

A study of the surgical anatomy and pathology of the round window was performed on a total of 292 serially sectioned temporal bones. The surgical approach to the round window is discussed with consideration of the anatomical findings. In the pathological study obliteration of the round window niche occurred as a congenital anomaly, in otosclerosis, chronic otitis media and as an end result in suppurative labyrinthitis. Clinical reports seem to indicate that obliteration of the window is associated with significant hearing loss, contrary to the findings in experimental animals. In chronic otitis media the round window is a pathway for spread of infection to the labyrinth, but also the finding of perilymphatic precipitates to the window in some ears suggests that certain inflammatory products may enter the scala tympani through the round window and so lead to high tone sensorineural hearing loss.
The potential physiological significance of milk-borne hormonally active substances for the neonate.

This article reviews the presence and potential physiological significance of hormones and hormonally active substances (including growth factors) in human milk. Human milk has been found to contain several nonpeptide hormones and many peptide hormones and growth factors. In contrast to human breast milk, infant formulae lack some hormonally active peptides. There is little data concerning the effects of these agents on human neonates. Studies in immature experimental animals showing effects of orogastically administered hormones are summarized. The problems of supplementation of infant formula are discussed. Since hormones are present in the milk as a “cocktail” of potentially agonistic and antagonistic substances, one question is whether supplementation with a single agent would disturb this balance.
Waveguiding properties of fiber-optic capillaries for chemical sensing applications

The optical properties of a novel fused silica fiber-optic capillary (FOCap) waveguide for absorbance spectroscopy were evaluated. Absorbance within the tubing was measured by optically coupling the FOCap to a spectrophotometer. The FOCap operated evanescently or as a liquid core waveguide (LCW) depending upon the refractive index of the solution within the capillary core. Evanescent absorbance was linear with concentration of a non-polar dye but non-linear with ionic dyes due to adsorption to the capillary wall. Evanescent absorbance was linear with FOCap length up to 50 m. Evanescent field depth of penetration ratios determined from peak absorbances at λmax for a series of thiacyanine dyes show increasing penetration depth with increasing absorbance wavelength as predicted by theory. Evanescent absorbance measurements in 50, 150, and 250m inner diameter (ID) FOCaps show that greater sensitivity is achieved in thinner-walled tubing with more internal reflections. The evanescent effective pathlength ratio (EPLR) of 150m ID FOCaps is on the order of ∼10 −6 to 10 −5 m/m of tubing length. FOCaps operating as LCWs have shorter effective pathlengths than conventional polyimide-coated glass capillaries. A FOCap that determines pH from the evanescent absorbance spectrum of immobilized fluorescein demonstrates the utility of the device as an optical chemical sensor. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The normal function of the cancer kinase Mirk/dyrk1B is to reduce reactive oxygen species

Mirk kinase is a gene upregulated and sometimes amplified in pancreatic cancers and in ovarian cancers, but expressed at very low levels in most normal diploid cells except for skeletal muscle. The muscle cell function of Mirk kinase selected for by cancer cells is unknown. It is now shown that Mirk protein is expressed at low levels and is largely nuclear in cycling skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts, but is translocated to the cytoplasm and upregulated when myoblasts initiate differentiation, as shown by immunofluorescence staining and by cell fractionation. Either Mirk depletion or Mirk kinase inhibition increased ROS levels in cycling C2C12 myoblasts. However, Mirk protein is localized in the cytoplasm of mature muscle fibers, specifically in the fast twitch fibers of human skeletal muscle where toxic ROS levels are generated by muscle contraction. C2C12 myoblasts at high density in differentiation media fuse to form differentiated postmitotic myotubes that can contract. A Mirk kinase inhibitor induced a dose-dependent increase in ROS in this model for fast twitch fibers of human skeletal muscle. Efficient Mirk depletion in SU86.86 pancreatic cancer cells by an inducible shRNA decreased expression of eight antioxidant genes. Thus both cancer cells and differentiated myotubes utilize Mirk kinase to relieve oxidative stress.
Contour Models for Descriptive Patient-Specific Neuro-Anatomical Modeling: Towards a Digital Brainstem Atlas

This paper describes on-going work on the transposition to digital format of 2D images of a printed atlas of the brainstem. In MRI-based anatomical modeling for neurosurgery planning and simulation, the complexity of the functional anatomy entails a digital atlas approach, rather than less descriptive voxel or surface-based approaches. However, there is an insufficiency of descriptive digital atlases, in particular of the brainstem. Our approach proceeds from a series of numbered, contour-based sketches coinciding with slices of the brainstem featuring both closed and open contours. The closed contours coincide with functionally relevant regions, in which case our objective is to fill in each corresponding label, which is analogous to painting numbered regions in a paint-by-numbers kit. The open contours typically coincide with cranial nerve tracts as well as symbols representing the medullary pyramids. This 2D phase is needed in order to produce densely labeled regions that can be stacked to produce 3D regions, as well as identifying embedded paths and outer attachment points of cranial nerves. In future work, the stacked labeled regions will be resampled and refined probabilistically, through active contour and surface modeling based on MRI T1, T2 and tractographic data. The relevance to spine modeling of this project is two-fold: (i) this atlas will fill a void left by the spine and brain segmentation communities, as no digital atlas of the brainstem exist, and (ii) this atlas is necessary to make explicit the attachment points of major nerves having both cranial and spinal origin, specifically nerves X and XI, as well all the attachment points of cranial nerves other than I and II.
Evolution of early Eocene Palaeosinopa (Mammalia, Pantolestidae) in the Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming

Species-level diversity and evolution of Palaeosinopa from the Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin is reassessed based on substantial new material from the Bighorn, Powder River, and Wind River basins. We recognize three species of Palaeosinopa in the Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin: P. lutreola, P. incerta, and P. veterrima. The late Wasatchian species P. didelphoides is not present in the Bighorn Basin. The Willwood species can be differentiated based only on size. P. veterrima is the most common and wide-ranging species and is the most variable in size and morphology: the stratigraphically lowest individuals are smaller, with narrower, more crestiform lower molars; whereas the highest are larger, with wider, more bunodont teeth. Although it could be argued that these represent distinct species, we demonstrate that this morphological evolution occurred as the gradual and mosaic accumulation of features, suggesting in situ anagenetic evolution. The two smaller species are present only low in the section (biochrons Wa0–Wa4) and show no discernable evolution in size or morphology. A new skeleton of Palaeosinopa veterrima from the Willwood Formation is described, and other new postcrania are reported. The skeleton is the oldest associated skeleton of Palaeosinopa known, yet it is remarkably similar to those of younger, more derived pantolestids, the primary disparities being minor differences in proportions of the innominate, femur, and tibia, and co-ossification of the distal tibia and fibula. Either P. incerta or P. lutreola was likely the ancestral population that gave rise to the other Wasatchian Palaeosinopa. Alternatively, P. veterrima may have migrated into the Bighorn Basin from the Powder River Basin.
Growing connected networks under privacy constraint: Achieving trade-off between performance and security

In this paper, we consider the problem of adding links into an undirected connected network. The objective is to achieve a trade-off between maximizing the algebraic connectivity of the resulting network (which defines the convergence speed of the consensus protocol) and minimizing the increase of the largest eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix, namely, maintaining the network to be secured against infection. In addition, the problem needs to be solved under privacy constraint on the network corresponding to the unavailability of the global network topology. To this end, a distributed strategy performed by each nodes and based solely upon their local neighbors information is proposed. The approach is composed of eigenvalue sensitivity analysis and distributed estimation of eigenvectors corresponding to both performance and security metrics. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate and evaluate the proposed strategy.
Utilization of a Linear Solver for Multiscale Design and Optimization of Microstructures in an Airframe Panel Buckling Problem

Microstructures have a significant effect on the performance of critical components in numerous aerospace metallic material applications. Examples include panels in airframes that are exposed to high temperatures and sensors used for vibration tuning. This paper addresses the techniques to optimize the microstructure design for polycrystalline metals. The microstructure is quantified with the orientation distribution function (ODF) that determines the volume densities of crystals that make up the polycrystal microstructure. The ODF of polycrystalline alloys (e.g. HCP Titanium) is represented in a discrete form and the volume averaged properties are computed through the ODF. The optimization is performed using the space of all possible volume averaged macro properties (stiffness and thermal expansion). A direct linear solver is employed to find the optimal ODFs. The direct solver is capable of finding exact solutions even for multiple or infinite solution problems. It is firstly applied to the optimization of the panel buckling problem. The objective of the buckling optimization problem is to find the best microstructure design that maximizes the critical buckling temperature. The optimum solution computed with this approach is found to be same as the optimum solution of a global approach that utilizes a genetic algorithm. The linear solver methodology is extended to plastic properties and applied to explore design of a Galfenol beam microstructure for vibration tuning with a yielding objective. We show that the design approach can lead us to multiple optimum solutions.
Initial and Actual Selection in Poultry

Abstract THE general improvement in various aspects of animal performance, over a number of years and in several countries, has been outlined by Lush (1951). Although the portion of such improvement which may be attributed to the selection of superior breeding stock cannot be determined precisely, there is little doubt that much of it is genetic. This interpretation is strengthened by the demonstrated power of selection to develop divergence in the performance of strains derived from the same original stock in rats (Morris et al., 1933), in chickens (Lamoreux et al., 1943), in swine (Krider et al., 1946; and Dickerson and Grimes, 1947), in mice (MacArthur, 1949), and in corn (Woodworth et al., 1952). Some poultry breeders have reported that continued improvement is discouragingly slow in egg production flocks which have achieved a high level of performance as the result of consistent selection over a long period of years. These flocks …
Prospective nutritional analysis of a diverse trauma population demonstrates substantial hypovitaminosis D

OBJECTIVES There are several metabolic factors known to be important for the maintenance of bone and muscle function. Causes of deficiency are multifactorial and can include such things as geographic region, latitude, and socioeconomic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic deficiencies. SETTING Level 1, urban trauma center. DESIGN Prospective laboratory evaluation. PATIENTS The subjects included 652 consecutive admits to the orthopaedic surgery service between July 1, 2011, and June 30, 2012. INTERVENTION Laboratory evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Metabolic and endocrine profiles included a serum analysis on all patients. Subject data included age, gender, body mass index, month of admission, and type of injury, and subjects' self-reported race, alcohol, recreational drug, and tobacco use were collected. RESULTS Six hundred fifty-two subjects with an average age of 41.2 years were evaluated. After data analysis, only 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were found to be persistently poor across the patient population: 86.2% of subjects were insufficient in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (<30 ng/mL), 53.2% were deficient (<20 ng/mL), and 14.0% had levels <10 ng/mL (severely deficient); 76.7% of the subjects increased skin pigmentation, and the differences in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between races were significantly different. African Americans had the highest risk of severe deficiency. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly higher during summer months, with men, and with a lower body mass index, but there were no differences based on age or substance use. Additional laboratory analysis did not reveal significant nutritional deficiency. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is widespread. This may negatively affect outcomes for orthopaedic patients but would be easily correctable. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D serologic analysis should be considered for all orthopaedic trauma patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An examination of thwarted mass homicide plots and threateners

Abstract Thwarted mass homicide events derived primarily from news media sources were examined. This study describes who was responsible for uncovering these near-acts of violence, the intended targets, planning details, weapons, outcomes (legal or other) and the accompanying demographic factors associated with each event. Cases were divided into two groups: high-credibility and low-credibility. The majority of cases, across both groups, were characterized by threateners who were male, acting alone, in their mid to late twenties, and who targeted academic institutions. When compared to threateners in the low-credibility group, high-credibility threateners were more likely to have mental health problems and to have created materials suggesting the premeditation of a planned mass homicide event. Plots were most commonly discovered by two groups: (1) friends, family and acquaintances of threateners and (2) members of the general public. The findings of this study suggest that some threats should be taken more seriously than others and in the absence of a reliable early-warning system, tips from friends, family members, acquaintances of threateners and the general public, could serve as a valuable asset in the prevention of mass homicide.
Naples in the Time of Cholera, 1884–1911: The return of cholera: 1910

PROLOGUE: THE INVASION OF APULIA By the time of the renewed threat to Naples in 1910, the local and national authorities had long anticipated the return of Asiatic cholera. The sixth pandemic began its ravages in 1899 in Bengal. It then moved relentlessly westward along two established bacterial highways. To the north the disease followed the trade routes to the Punjab, Afghanistan and Persia. Crossing the Caspian Sea, it journeyed up the Volga to Moscow and the west. At the same time the cholera moved in a second, more southerly direction, travelling overland to Bombay and Madras; then by sea to Ceylon and Jeddah. It then accompanied the pilgrims to Mecca in 1902 and dispersed with them across the Red Sea to Egypt, the Middle East and North Africa. The Department of Public Health in the Ministry of the Interior anxiously followed this westward movement and sounded the alarm in 1904, when cholera invaded the Russian Empire and developed into a full-scale epidemic. In the summer of 1905 the Ministry recorded outbreaks in Poland, Germany and the Hapsburg Empire, and observed that Italy was in clear danger. The authorities identified the Austrian border, Apulia and the ports of Naples and Genoa as particularly vulnerable. In September 1905 the Ministry of the Interior declared that Italy was now on a sanitary war-footing because the arrival of the disease on Italian soil was ‘not just probable, but imminent’. As the Ministry had feared, the Vibrio cholerae reached Italy in the summer of 1910, claiming its first victims on the Adriatic coastline of Apulia that the authorities had identified as a locality of special risk.
An Analysis of the Retail Sector in the Russian Federation

Changes in Russian retail capacity and productivity are reviewed, and comparisons are made with members of the Commonwealth of Independent States and other nations. The data suggest that the Russian retail sector will require substantial new investment to meet the increased consumption demands anticipated from the market reforms that have been Initiated. Such investment is unlikely in the foreseeable future.
Planarian Regeneration in Response to Drug Disruption of the Wnt and MAPK Pathways

The regenerative ability of planarians depends largely on its complex signaling pathways. The Wnt pathway regulates the A/P polarity formation after regeneration, while the MAPK pathway plays a role in regeneration. This experiment uses various drugs to disrupt the aforementioned pathways. Imatinib targets the RTKs, which play a role in the Wnt pathway. PZQ is expected to affect the Wnt noncanonical calcium pathway. EHT 1864 inhibits Rac1, a GTPase involved in the noncanonical PCP pathway. Finally, U0126 disrupts the MAPK pathway whose activity induces blastemic cell differentiation. After drug treatment, abnormal planarian regeneration is expected. The drug assays showed that while both Imatinib and PZQ have no effect on planarian regeneration, EHT 1864 under high concentration has a potent effect on the viability of planarians during regeneration. Furthermore, U0126 caused cyclopia in planarians under high concentrations. These observations suggest that the RTKs play a limited role in planarian regeneration, Rac1 plays a greater role than just A/P determination during regeneration, and that U0126 affects eye and head regeneration. Our findings also show an inconsistency with another research group’s study regarding the effects of PZQ on planarian polarity formation. L’abilite regenerative des planaires depend largement sur la complexite des ses voies de signalisation. La voie des Wnt controle la formation de la polarite des potentiels d’action apres la regeneration, alors que la voie de la MAPK joue un role dans la regeneration. L’imatinib cible les RTK, eux-memes jouant un role dans la voie des Wnt. Praziquantel est attendu d’affecter la voie de calcium non canonique des Wnt. L’EHT 1864 inhibe la Rac1, un GTPase implique dans la voie non canonique du PCP. Finalement, U0126 perturbe la voie de la MAPK, l’activite de laquelle induit la differentiation des cellules souches blastemiques. Apres traitement avec de la drogue, de la regeneration anormale des planaires est attendue. Les essais des drogues ont demontre que, bien que Imatinib et PZQ n’ont pas d’effets sur la regeneration des planaires, l’EHT 1864 en haute concentration a un effet potent sur la viabilite des planaires durant la regeneration. De plus, l’U0126 a cause la cyclopie chez les planaires en haute concentration. Ces observations suggere que les RTK jouent un role limite dans la regeneration de planaires, la Rac1 joue un role plus important que simplement determiner des potentiels d’action durant la regeneration et l’U0126 affecte les regenerations des yeux et de la tete. Nos decouvertes indiquent aussi des incoherences avec une etude par un autre groupe au sujet des effets du PZQ sur la formation polaire des planaires.
More than a House of Cards: Developing a Firm Foundation for Streaming Media and Consumer-Licensed Content in the Library

This article will introduce traditional library practice for licensing multimedia content and discuss the way that consumer-licensing and streaming services disrupt that practice. Sections II and III describe the statutory copyright regime designed by Congress to facilitate the socially-valuable work done by libraries and the impact of the move from ownership to licensed content. Collecting multimedia materials has always presented special legal challenges for libraries, particularly as licensed content has replaced the traditional practice of purchasing and circulation based on the first sale doctrine. These issues have grown even more complex as streaming services like Netflix and Amazon and video game downloads through services like Steam have come to dominate the landscape. Section IV will describe the way that consumer-licensed materials, which not only remove the ownership that undergirds library practice, but also the ability to negotiate for library use, imperil the congressionally-designed balance. Section V will present a path forward for libraries to develop robust, cutting-edge collections that reflect a sophisticated understanding of the contractual and copyright issues at play.
Tracking the Low-Volatility Anomaly Across Behavioral Space

In his popular guide to asset allocation, neurologist-turned-financial-analyst William J. Bernstein offers a bit of jarring advice to investors: “Good companies are usually bad stocks; bad companies are usually good stocks.”1 Bernstein’s practical prescription stems from an academic insight: “Growth opportunities are usually the source of high betas.”2 In principle, these high betas should impart higher risk and higher returns to growth stocks: “[B]ecause growth options tend to be most valuable in good times and have implicit leverage, which tends to increase beta, they contain a great deal of systematic risk.”3 Nevertheless, even though “growth options hinge upon future economic conditions and must be riskier than assets in place,” the historical pattern cuts in the opposite direction: “[G]rowth stocks earn lower average returns than value stocks.”4 From these observations flows Bernstein’s advice to the individual investor: “Favor a value approach in your stock and mutual fund choices.”5
Inhomogeneous ensembles of radical pairs in chemical compasses

The biophysical basis for the ability of animals to detect the geomagnetic field and to use it for finding directions remains a mystery of sensory biology. One much debated hypothesis suggests that an ensemble of specialized light-induced radical pair reactions can provide the primary signal for a magnetic compass sensor. The question arises what features of such a radical pair ensemble could be optimized by evolution so as to improve the detection of the direction of weak magnetic fields. Here, we focus on the overlooked aspect of the noise arising from inhomogeneity of copies of biomolecules in a realistic biological environment. Such inhomogeneity leads to variations of the radical pair parameters, thereby deteriorating the signal arising from an ensemble and providing a source of noise. We investigate the effect of variations in hyperfine interactions between different copies of simple radical pairs on the directional response of a compass system. We find that the choice of radical pair parameters greatly influences how strongly the directional response of an ensemble is affected by inhomogeneity.
A Remark on Regularity of Excessive Functions for Certain Diffusions

In an earlier paper [4], the first author has shown that a diffusion process whose potential kernel satisfies certain analytic conditions, has all of its excessive harmonic functions, which are not identically infinite, continuous. In a subsequent paper [5], the same author has shown that under these conditions the excessiveness of its nonnegative harmonic functions is automatic. In this paper we are showing that a regularity condition for the excessive functions introduced here, will imply that the Riesz measure does not charge the semi-polar sets of the process.
Hydrodynamic stability and turbulent transition with the Vreman LES SGS and a modified lattice Boltzmann equation

For the evaluation of a broad range of Re in incompressible flows, particularly unsteady and transition regimes, the Vreman subgrid scale model is studied within the framework of a modified lattice...
The Role of Gender in Worry and Efforts to Cope during Stressful Waiting Periods

Waiting for personally significant news is a near-universal experience, but people differ in how they cope with these acute moments of uncertainty. The present study examined whether self-identified men and women differ reliably in how they experience and cope with uncertain waiting periods, given societal pressures toward (for men) or against (for women) emotional experiences that may be relevant in these moments. Across 20 U.S. studies in field and laboratory settings (total n = 4714), we examined gender differences in worry and use of coping strategies during various waiting periods. We then explored whether gender moderated links between worry and use of coping strategies to determine whether gender meaningfully shapes the coping process or if worriers require a larger toolbox of coping strategies, regardless of their gender. Mini meta-analyses across our studies confirmed that women reported greater worry and greater use of coping strategies than did men. However, the relationships between gender and coping largely disappeared after controlling for worry, and gender did not consistently or strongly moderate the link between worry and coping. These findings suggest that despite apparent gender differences in the experience of stressful uncertainty, worry is a far more potent predictor of coping than is gender.
Management of Intracranial Stenosis

Atherosclerotic stenosis of the major intracranial arteries (middle cerebral, basilar, intracranial internal carotid, and vertebral) is one of the most common causes of stroke worldwide and is associated with a high risk of recurrent stroke (Gorelick P, Wong K, Bae H, Pandey D, Stroke 39:2396–2399, 2008). However, there have only been a few randomized clinical trials evaluating different therapeutic approaches for secondary prevention in patients with intracranial arterial stenosis. In this chapter, we will review and discuss the results of these trials and the different approaches to treating intracranial atherosclerotic disease.
Evaluation of Bulk and SOI FeFET Architecture for Non-Volatile Memory Applications

The stress induced by the capping electrode is critical to stabilizing the ferroelectric phase in Si-doped HfO2 which is being actively explored for embedded non-volatile memory applications. While TiN is commonly used as the electrode of choice owing to its thermodynamic stability with HfO2, its work function (WF) (=4.8eV) results in reduced memory window (MW), and higher interlayer field ( $\text{E}_{\mathrm{ IL}}$ ) in bulk Ferroelectric FETs (FeFETs). This is attributed to the built-in electric-field that arises from the WF difference between the metal and the semiconductor. This effectively reduces the ferroelectric hysteresis, and thus, the MW at the read current. Optimizing the MW and the $\text{E}_{\mathrm{ IL}}$ would entail changing the WF, and thus, the capping electrode—essential to retaining the desired ferroelectric properties. We, therefore, propose using the silicon on insulator (SOI)-FeFET architecture which provides an additional knob—back-gate bias ( $\text{V}_{\mathrm{ bg}}$ )—to optimize the MW while reducing the $\text{E}_{\mathrm{ IL}}$ . Further, we show that unlike the bulk FeFET, where a small deviation from the optimal WF dramatically shrinks the MW, the SOI-FeFET facilitates a relatively constant MW over a wide range of $\text{V}_{\mathrm{ bg}}$ . Thus, the SOI-FeFET simplifies the MW & $\text{E}_{\mathrm{ IL}}$ optimization and provides an improved MW versus $\text{E}_{\mathrm{ IL}}$ trade-off in comparison to the bulk FeFET.
A Decade of Publishing: On Reflection and Our Future

This article reflects on the tenth anniversary of publishing The Journal of Community Engagement and Higher Education . It also describes an upcoming special edition in partnership with Indiana Campus Compact.
Anisotropic thermal conductivity under compression in two-dimensional woven ceramic fibers for flexible thermal protection systems

Abstract Flexible thermal protection materials made from two-dimensional woven ceramics fibers are of significant interest for hypersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerators being developed by NASA for future missions on Mars and other planets. A key component of the thermal shield is a heat-resistant outer ceramic fabric that must withstand harsh aero-thermal atmospheric entry conditions. However, a predictive understanding of heat conduction processes in complex woven-fiber ceramic materials under deformation is currently lacking. This article presents a combined experimental and computational study of thermal conductivity in 5-harness-satin woven Nextel 440 fibers, using the hot-disk transient plane source method and computational thermo-mechanical modeling by finite-element analysis. The objective is to quantify and understand the effect of compressive strain on anisotropic heat conduction in flexible two-dimensional ceramic materials. We find, both experimentally and theoretically, that thermal conductivity of woven fabrics rises in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions, as the transverse load increases. Air gap conduction and fiber-to-fiber contacts are shown to play a major role in this behavior. Our finite-element simulations suggest that the thermal conductivity anisotropy is strong because heat transfer of air confined between fibers is reduced compared to that of free air. The proposed modeling methodology accurately captures the experimental heat conduction results and should be applicable to more complex loading conditions and different woven fabric materials, relevant to extreme high temperature environments.
Benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws: a clinical-radiologic-histologic review of sixty-five cases. II. Benign fibro-osseous lesions of periodontal ligament origin.

Abstract Forty-three cases of benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws are presented. These cases do not meet the authors' criteria for fibrous dysplasia and consist of varying proportions of bone, cementum, and fibrous connective tissue. The data from these cases show that, as a group, these lesions are considerably different from fibrous dysplasia. The location, size, age distribution, and sex predilection differ significantly, and each contitutes a helpful differentiating criterion. Critical reappraisal of these cases reveals a spectrum of histopathology that is almost always mixed in type, containing both bone and cementum. Further attempts to correlate the histopathology or size of the lesion with the clinical and radiologic data failed. The authors conclude that this group of lesions is best considered as a spectrum of processes arising from cells in the periodontal ligament and having the potential to form bone, cementum, and fibrous tissue in varying combinations. Some of these lesions are obviously reactive in nature, while others appear to be neoplastic.
High-content fluorescence imaging with the metabolic flux assay reveals insights into mitochondrial properties and functions

Metabolic flux technology with the Seahorse bioanalyzer has emerged as a standard technique in cellular metabolism studies, allowing for simultaneous kinetic measurements of respiration and glycolysis. Methods to extend the utility and versatility of the metabolic flux assay would undoubtedly have immediate and wide-reaching impacts. Herein, we describe a platform that couples the metabolic flux assay with high-content fluorescence imaging to simultaneously provide means for normalization of respiration data with cell number; analyze cell cycle distribution; and quantify mitochondrial content, fragmentation state, membrane potential, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Integration of fluorescent dyes directly into the metabolic flux assay generates a more complete data set of mitochondrial features in a single assay. Moreover, application of this integrated strategy revealed insights into mitochondrial function following PGC1a and PRC1 inhibition in pancreatic cancer and demonstrated how the Rho-GTPases impact mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer. Little, Kovalenko et al. couple the metabolic flux assay from the Seahorse bioanalyzer with high-content fluorescence imaging to study the coordinated biology of mitochondrial bioenergetics and properties. They demonstrate this integration generates a more comprehensive data set, allowing for further insight into mitochondrial function and dynamics.
Simulating renewal: Postwar technopolitics and technological urbanism:

This article traces the terms and practices underwriting emergent forms of urban government to technical efforts to simulate markets after the Second World War. With an eye toward contemporary tech...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and second primary nonlymphoid malignancies: cytopathologic study of 17 cases.

Introduction Second primary nonlymphoid malignancies (SPNLM) have long been recognized as a complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Materials and methods A search was made of our cytopathology database for cases of CLL that also contained a SPNLM. Results Seventeen cases from 13 known CLL patients [M:F = 2.3:1; age range: 47-77 years, x = 67 years] met criteria for this study. SPNLMs consisted of different forms of metastatic carcinoma (10 patients) and malignant melanoma (3). Of 16 FNA biopsies and 1 pleural fluid, 82% had ancillary testing; 35% had the specimen subdivided for both flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Lymph node was the most common site for FNA biopsy (12), followed by face (2), and soft tissue (2). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common SPNLM (6), followed by melanoma (3), and there were single cases of adenocarcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and papillary thyroid carcinoma. A correct specific cytologic diagnosis was made in 15 (88%) cases. Conclusions Cytopathology is highly proficient in recognizing SPNLM in CLL patients. Utilization of cytologic material for FCM and IHC is feasible, and extremely helpful in achieving diagnostic accuracy.
An Exploratory Study of a Masking Strategy of Cyberdeception Using CyberVAN

During the network reconnaissance process, attackers scan the network to gather information before launching an attack. This is a good chance for defenders to use deception and disrupt the attacker...
BIOMIMETIC SPONGES IMPROVE FUNCTIONAL MUSCLE RECOVERY FOLLOWING COMPOSITE TRAUMA

There is a dearth of therapies that are safe and effective for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss (VML), defined as the surgical or traumatic loss of muscle tissue, resulting in functional impairment. To address this gap in orthopedic care, we developed a porous sponge-like scaffold composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., gelatin, collagen, and laminin-111) and an immunosuppressant drug, FK-506. While the majority of VML injuries occur in orthopedic trauma cases, preclinical models typically study muscle injuries in isolation without a concomitant bone fracture. The goal of this study was to investigate the extent to which FK506 loaded biomimetic sponges support functional muscle regeneration and fracture healing in a composite trauma model involving VML injury to the tibialis anterior muscle and osteotomy (OST) to the tibia. In this model, implantation of the FK-506 loaded biomimetic sponges limited the extent of inflammation while increasing the total number of myofibers, mean myofiber cross-sectional area, myosin-to-collagen ratio, and peak isometric torque compared to untreated VML+OST muscles on Day 28. Although all tibia fractures were bridged by Day 28 post-injury, fracture healing was impaired in response to an adjacent VML injury. Sponge treatment increased bone callus volume, yet the bridged mineralized bone volume was not significantly different. Taken together, these results suggest that biomimetic sponges primarily benefitted muscle repair and may provide a promising therapy for traumatized muscle.
The Book as Material Intercessor in Anne de Bretagne’s Library: Women’s Affective Reading in Late Medieval France

This article explores the materiality of the book in four codices owned by Anne de Bretagne at the end of the Middle Ages. Shedding light on the reading practices promoted by the library of one par...
Lateropulsion - The case of a flip flopper (P5.106)

OBJECTIVE: We report a patient who suffered two lacunar infarcts two years apart resulting in lateropulsion - contraversive on one occasion and ipsiversive on the other. BACKGROUND: Lateropulsion, the postural component of the ocular tilt reaction (OTR), is considered a sign of dysfunction of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the roll plane and results from deviation of the subjective visual vertical from the gravitational vertical. Depending on lesion location, it can be crossed or uncrossed. Sequential occurrence of the two variants in a single individual is highly unusual. DESIGN/METHODS: case report and literature review. RESULTS: An 81 year old gentleman awoke one morning feeling weak and nauseated. He had a tendency of leaning towards the right. On examination there was a head tilt to the left, skew deviation, and a horizontal gaze paresis to the left. There was right lateropulsion and retropulsion when attempting to stand with a narrow base. MRI revealed a lacunar infarct in the left paramedian tegmentum pontis. Within 24 hours of admission, lateropulsion resolved but his gaze palsy remained. Almost to the day two years later, he suffered the sudden onset of vertigo, nausea and vomiting. On examination, there was right latero- and retropulsion. MRI revealed a DWI- and FLAIR hyperintense lesion in the right dorsolateral tegmentum of the medulla consistent with acute ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates the principles of topical diagnosis in roll plane vestibular tone imbalance. Ipsiversive lateropulsion is seen in lateral medullary lesions involving the medial or superior vestibular nucleus, whereas disorders affecting the pontomesencephalic paramedian tegmentum including the medial longitudinal fascicle result in contraversive pulsion. As this syndrome has only been described as a result of ischemia, its recognition not only allows for exact neuroanatomic localization but also for diagnosis of the underlying pathology. Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Chan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baehring has nothing to disclose.
Ethnic identity in Greek antiquity: Ethnicity and linguistics

One of our most important sources for an ethnolinguistic understanding of the Greek language is the epigraphical evidence furnished by formal inscriptions and dedications carved on bronze or stone tablets, as well as graffiti and dipinti casually scribbled on personal items. Relatively free from the artificial literary idioms that characterise the literary corpus from as early as the time of the Homeric epics, inscriptions (unlike the literary manuscripts which have been subjected to centuries of textual transmission) bear the unmediated mark of their scribes. Two sorts of information are present in inscriptions. The first is linguistic: slight differences in speech and dialect can be discerned through phonological, morphological and sometimes even lexical variations. The second is strictly speaking stylistic rather than linguistic and involves variations in the manner of writing. The existence of localised chirographic traditions and conventions means that the provenance of inscriptions can often be ascertained from the shapes of letter forms. It is, however, the existence of a repertoire of alternative letter forms which presents each community with the need to choose between them. As with elements of material culture, this choice is seldom random and may well indicate a conscious selection intended to stress local identities. It is to these non-linguistic variations that we turn first. Scripts and alphabets The ancient Greeks attributed the invention of writing to mythical figures such as Hermes, Prometheus, Palamedes and Kadmos, though the earliest alphabetic inscriptions do not generally predate the eighth century BC – ironically, some of the earliest were found in Italy.
Mass Loss from Evolved Stars and Submillimeter Observations

When low and intermediate mass stars evolve off the main sequence, they become red giants. During the first ascent up the red giant branch, the stars lose mass at a modest rate ~10−9 M0 yr−1, Dupree 1986). However, during the second ascent up the red giant branch, the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), stars lose mass at a much greater rate; up to 10−4 Mo yr−1 (Zuckerman 1980, Jura 1986a, Olofsson 1985). Dust grains typically form in these outflows from cool giants and the circumstellar dust absorbs optical light from the photosphere and re-radiates this energy in the infrared and submillimeter. Consequently, asymptotic giant branch stars can be very powerful sources of infrared radiation and many of the brightest 10 µm sources in the sky are evolved stars (Kleinmann, Gillett and Joyce 1981). In fact, in some galaxies, the total emission at 12 µm might even be dominated by these stars (Jura et al. 1987, Soifer et al. 1986, Impey, Wynn-Williams and Becklin 1986). These stars are also powerful sources of submillimeter radiation (Sopka et al. 1985) and they are the major topic of this paper.
Coverage problems in mobile sensing

Sensor-networks can today measure physical phenomena at spatial and temporal scales that were not achievable earlier, and have shown promise in monitoring the environment, structures, agricultural fields and so on. A key challenge in sensor-networks is the coordination of four actions across the network: measurement (sensing), communication, motion and computation. The term coverage is applied to the central question of how well a sensor-network senses some phenomenon to make inferences. More formally, a coverage problem involves finding an arrangement of sensors that optimizes a coverage metric. In this thesis we examine coverage in the context of three sensing modalities. The literature on the topic has thus far focused largely on coverage problems with the first modality: static event-detection sensors, which detect purely binary events in their immediate vicinity based on thresholds. However, coverage problems for sensors winch measure physical quantities like temperature, pressure, chemical concentrations, light intensity and so on in a network configuration have received limited attention in the literature. We refer to this second modality of sensors as estimation sensors ; local estimates from such sensors can be used to reconstruct a field. Third, there has been recent interest in deploying sensors on mobile platforms. Mobility has the effect of increasing the effectiveness of sensing actions. We further classify sensor mobility into incidental and intentional motion. Incidentally mobile sensors move passively under the influence of the environment, for instance, a floating sensor drifting in the sea. We define intentional mobility as the ability to control the location and trajectory of the sensor, for example by mounting it on a mobile robot. We build our analysis on a series of cases. We first analyze coverage and connectivity of a network of floating sensors in rivers using simulations and experimental data, and give guidelines for sensor-network design. Second, we examine intentional mobility and detection sensors. We examine the problem of covering indoor and outdoor pathways with reconfigurable camera sensor-networks. We propose and validate an empirical model for detection behavior of cameras. We propose a distributed algorithm for reconfiguring locations of cameras to maximize detection performance. Finally, we examine more general strategies for the placement of estimation sensors and ask when and where to take samples in order to estimate an unknown spatio-temporal field with tolerable estimation errors. We discuss various classes of error-tolerant sensor arrangements for trigonometric polynomial fields. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Is all ventricular fibrillation the same? Influence of mode of induction on characteristics of ventricular fibrillation.

Characteristics of Induced VF. Introduction: Little information is available on the relationship between the mode of induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF) to VF characteristics. Methods and Results: VF was induced from the anterior left ventricle by programmed electrical stimulation, burst pacing, alternating current (AC), high current 82 at a site remote from SI, T wave shock, and intersecting wavefronts in seven normal dogs and seven dogs with chronic myocardial infarction. Using two electrode arrays, 112 electrograms were recorded from the anterior and lateral wall. Cycle lengths were analyzed and activation vectors were created by summing orthogonally recorded bipolar electrograms. The magnitude of the vector loops was integrated over time to produce an “ensemble vector” index (EVI) whose magnitude is high when beat-to-beat activation direction is consistent and low when activation direction is variable. T wave shock-induced W had a significantly longer cycle length 1 to 5 seconds after VF onset than other modes of induction (P < 0.05). The frequency-corrected EVI was significantly larger for AC current and T wave shock-induced VF as opposed to all other modes of VF induction in early VF (P < 0.0001). After 10 seconds of VF, these differences persisted only on the anterior wall. Conclusion: VF induced in animals by T wave shock and AC current had different characteristics than VF induced by other methods. These findings may have implications for our understanding of VF pathophysiology.
Magnetospheric Accretion in PSR 1259-63

We report the results from X-ray and hard X-ray observations of the PSR B1259-63/SS 2883 system with the ASCA and the CGRO satellites, performed between 1995 February and 1996 January when the pulsar was near apastron. The system was clearly detected in each of the two ASCA observations with luminosity in the 1-10 keV band of L(sub X) = (9 +/- 3) x 10(exp 32) (d/2 kpc) erg/ s, while OSSE did not detect significant hard X-rays from the system. X-ray spectra obtained with ASCA show a single power-law spectrum with a photon index of 1.6 +/- 0.3. No pulsations were detected in either the ASCA nor the OSSE data. Combined with previous results from X-ray and hard X-ray observations, we obtained binary modulation in X-ray luminosity and photon index of high energy emission from the system for the entire orbit. The results are in agreement with predictions based on synchrotron emission model from relativistic particles in a shocked pulsar wind interacting with the gaseous outflow from the Be star.