cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of high-pressure hydrous magnesium silicates: Observations and analysis

Specimens of dense high-pressure hydrous magnesium silicates, notably phase A, phase B, and superhydrous phase B, have been synthesized for use in calorimetric and spectroscopic experiments. X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis were used to study both major and minor phases occurring in the experimental products. We observed the formation of phase A at 16 GPa, 1172 °C; phase B at 15 GPa, 1158 °C; chondrodite at 12 GPa, 1158 °C; and clinohumite at 12 GPa, 1170 0c. These pressures and temperatures are higher than those reported in previous studies. We also observed the formation of phases E and superhydrous B at conditions at which they have been previously observed. However, we propose that there is a high-low transition in superhydrous B. We have not identified phase C in the pressure-temperature-bulk compositional space where it has been observed in previous studies. We conclude that this phase may be identical with superhydrous B, as previously suggested, or that in some studies a humite may have been misidentified as phase C.
Developing Self-Employment Among African Americans: The Impact of Household Social Resources on African American Entrepreneurship:

Entrepreneurship has historically been a vital contributor to the dynamism of American economic activity and has functioned as an important institution for marginalized races and communities. Logis...
Long-term Adjustment After Surviving Open Heart Surgery: The Effect of Using Prayer for Coping Replicated in a Prospective Design

Purpose: Despite the growing evidence for effects of religious factors on cardiac health in general populations, findings are not always consistent in sicker and older populations. We previously demonstrated that short-term negative outcomes (depression and anxiety) among older adults following open heart surgery are partially alleviated when patients employ prayer as part of their coping strategy. The present study examines multifaceted effects of religious factors on long-term postoperative adjustment, extending our previous findings concerning prayer and coping with cardiac disease. Design and Methods: Analyses capitalized on a preoperative survey and medical variables from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ National Database of patients undergoing open heart surgery. The current participants completed a mailed survey 30 months after surgery. Two hierarchical regressions were performed to evaluate the extent to which religious factors predicted depression and anxiety, after controlling for key demographics, medical indices, and mental health. Results: Predicting lower levels of depression at the follow-up were preoperative use of prayer for coping, optimism, and hope. Predicting lower levels of anxiety at the follow-up were subjective religiousness, marital status, and hope. Predicting poorer adjustment were reverence in religious contexts, preoperative mental health symptoms, and medical comorbidity. Including optimism and hope in the model did not eliminate effects of religious factors. Several other religious factors had no long-term influences. Implications: The influence of religious factors on the long-term postop erative adjustment is independent and complex, with mediating factors yet to be determined. Future research should investigate mechanisms underlying religion–health relations.
Single and double folded-slot antennas on semi-infinite substrates

Design guidelines are presented for single and double folded-slot (DFS) antennas on a dielectric half-space. The DFS antenna consists of two folded-slot elements which are separated by a half-wavelength and are fed from one side using a coplanar waveguide transmission line. A space-domain integral equation technique, based on the free-space Green's function, has been used to compute the resonant circumference and self- and mutual impedances of single folded-slots on various substrates. In addition, the input impedance and radiation patterns of DFS designs are included. Specific examples are shown for air, quartz, and silicon substrates, and measured data for DFS antennas on air and silicon substrates is provided to validate the calculated results.
A three‐wavelength labeling approach for DNA sequencing using energy transfer primers and capillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis DNA sequencing has been accomplished by using four different energy transfer primers and three fluorescence detection channels. Methods have also been developed to deconvolve the three-color data into the four base concentrations. The nonnegative least squares and model selection method resulted in the best accuracy. The three-color data were compared to sequencing data obtained using four detection channels and four energy transfer primers. The average accuracy rates obtained over three 500 base M13mp18 runs using three-color coding were 96% including 18 uncallable compressions and 99.6% if these compressions are excluded. The average accuracy rate obtained using four-color coding was 96.3% including 18 uncallable compressions and 99.9% if these compressions are excluded. Although it is unlikely that three-color schemes will replace four-color sequencing, these methods have exposed basic concepts that will be useful in the development of higher-order multiplex coding methods for DNA analysis.
Services for children with autism spectrum disorder in three, large urban school districts: Perspectives of parents and educators

This study used qualitative methods to evaluate the perceptions of parents, educators, and school administrators in three large, urban school districts (Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Rochester) regarding services for children with autism spectrum disorder within the context of limited district resources. Facilitators followed a standard discussion guide that contained open-ended questions regarding participants' views on strengths and limitations of existing services and contextual factors that would facilitate or inhibit the process of introducing new interventions. Three primary themes were identified: (1) tension between participant groups (teachers and paraprofessionals, staff and administration, teachers and parents, special education and general education teachers), (2) necessity of autism spectrum disorder-specific and behavioral training for school personnel, and (3) desire for a school culture of accepting difference. These themes highlight the importance of developing trainings that are feasible to deliver on a large scale, that focus on practical interventions, and that enhance communication and relationships of school personnel with one another and with families.
Analgesic Comparison of Propiram Fumarate with Pentazocine, Codeine, and Placebo in Postsurgical Pain

The safety and effectiveness of a single oral dose of 50 mg propiram fumarate as an analgesic was compared in a double-blind clinical trial trial against single doses of standard reference analgesics (50 mg pentazocine hydrochloride or 60 mg codeine sulfate) or placebo. Subjects were adult patients experiencing severe postsurgical pain. Mean pain scores and SPID scores showed all three active drugs to be favored (P less than 0.05) over placebo in patients with severe initial pain. The most common side effects seen were drowsiness, nausea, and dizziness. These were not severe enough to require treatment. Propiram fumarate (50 mg) was shown to be an effective and safe analgesic in the treatment of severe postsurgical pain.
Sustained Inhibition of Angiotensin I–Converting Enzyme (ACE) Expression and Long-Term Antihypertensive Action by Virally Mediated Delivery of ACE Antisense cDNA

Abstract —Angiotensin I–converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been proven to be highly effective and are for the most part the drugs of choice in the treatment and control of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and left ventricular dysfunction. Despite this, questions regarding side effects and compliance with this traditional pharmacological strategy remain. In view of these observations, coupled with recent advances in gene-transfer technology, our objective in this study was to determine whether the expression of ACE could be controlled on a permanent basis at a genetic level. We argued that the introduction of ACE antisense to inhibit the enzyme would be a prerequisite in considering the antisense gene therapy for the control of hypertension and other related pathological states. Retroviral vectors (LNSV) containing ACE sense (LNSV-ACE-S) and ACE antisense (LNSV-ACE-AS) sequences were constructed and were used in rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells (RPAECs) to determine the feasibility of this approach. Infection of rat RPAECs with LNSV-ACE-S and LNSV-ACE-AS resulted in a robust expression of transcripts corresponding to ACE-S and ACE-AS, respectively, for the duration of these experiments, ie, 8 consecutive passages. The expression of ACE-AS but not of ACE-S was associated with a permanent decrease of ≈70% to 75% in ACE expression and a 50% increase in the Bmax for the AT1s. Although angiotensin II caused a concentration-dependent stimulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels in both ACE-S– and ACE-AS–expressing cells, the stimulation was significantly higher in ACE-AS–expressing RPAECs. In vivo experiments demonstrated a prolonged expression of ACE-AS transcripts in cardiovascularly relevant tissues of rats. This was associated with a long-term reduction in blood pressure by ≈15 mm Hg, exclusively in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. These observations demonstrate that delivery of ACE-AS by retroviral vector results in a permanent inhibition of ACE and a long-term reduction in high blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
New method for direct extraction of HBT equivalent circuit parameters

A new method for the direct extraction of HBT hybrid-T equivalent circuit from measured S-parameters is presented. The method differs from previous ones by extracting the equivalent circuit parameters without using test structures or numerical optimization techniques. The extracted parameters are essentially frequency-independent and they vary systematically with bias over the typical operating range of the HBT. >
Layer 3 switching alternatives

Cut-through switching techniques, and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)-based wire-speed routing both attempt to improve network performance whenever possible. While switching advocates prefer the, "route once, switch thereafter" approach, ASIC-based routing vendors believe the "route wherever you wish" approach is the prevailing long-term solution. Both attempt to eliminate the cost premium and the performance penalty normally associated with Internet Protocol (IP) routing. The author discusses several competing cut-through switching approaches, the emergence of ASIC-based routing implementations, and explore the associated advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
Providing Special Education in the Juvenile Justice System

According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990, all students are entitled to a free and appropriate public education, including incarcerated youth with disabilities. Based on legal research, we discuss pertinent issues integral to providing appropriate educational services to incarcerated youth as addressed by the courts and education professionals. We address (a) prevalence rates of disabilities among juvenile delinquent populations, (b) problems facing correctional facility personnel in providing special education services to inmates with disabilities, (c) recent developments in case law regarding the implementation of special educational services for juveniles in correctional facilities, and (d) recommendations for facilitating special education programming in correctional institutions.
The titanium tris-anilide cation [Ti(N[(t)Bu]Ar)3](+) stabilized as its perfluoro-tetra-phenylborate salt: structural characterization and synthesis in connection with redox activity of 4,4'-bipyridine dititanium complexes.

This work explores the reduction of 4,4′-bipyridine using two equivalents of the titanium(III) complex Ti(N[tBu]Ar)3 resulting in formation of a black, crystalline complex, (4,4′-bipy){Ti(N[tBu]Ar)3}2, for which an X-ray structure determination is reported. The neutral, black, 4,4′-bipyridine-bridged bimetallic was found to be redox active, with mono- and di-anions being accessible electrochemically, and with the mono- and di-cations also being accessible chemically, and isolable, at least when using the weakly coordinating anion [B(C6F5)4]− as the counter-ion. It proved possible to crystallize the salt [(4,4′-bipy){Ti(N[tBu]Ar)3}2][B(C6F5)4]2 for a single-crystal X-ray structure investigation; in this instance it was revealed that the aromaticity of the 4,4′-bipyridine ligand, that had been disrupted upon reduction, had been regained. A rare cationic d0 metal tris-amide complex, shown by X-ray crystallography to contain an intriguing pyramidal TiN3 core geometry, namely {Ti(N[tBu]Ar)3}+, could also be isolated when using [B(C6F5)4] as the essentially non-interacting counter-ion. This highly reactive cation should be considered as a potential intermediate in the plethora of reactions wherein Ti(N[tBu]Ar)3 has been shown to effect the reduction of substrates including halogenated organic molecules, carbonyl compounds, organic nitriles, and metal complexes.
NITROGEN FROST MIGRATION ON TRITON: A historical model

I present the results of numerical simulation of the seasonal migration of nitrogen frost on Triton constrained by Voyager observations of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and albedo distribution. Most of the exposed nitrogen is probably seasonal frost, whose migration can produce major variations in atmospheric pressure. For instance, models explored here predict a tenfold pressure drop in the coming decade. The observed patterns can be understood if fresh nitrogen frost is relatively dark but brightens with increasing insolation in a manner analogous to the Martian southern CO2 cap.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Disease Pathogenesis

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of synthesis and folding of membrane and secretory proteins, which, collectively, represent a large fraction of the total protein output of a mammalian cell. Therefore, the protein flux through the ER must be carefully monitored for abnormalities, including the buildup of misfolded proteins. Mammalian cells have evolved an intricate set of signaling pathways from the ER to the cytosol and nucleus, to allow the cell to respond to the presence of misfolded proteins within the ER. These pathways, known collectively as the unfolded protein response, are important for normal cellular homeostasis and organismal development and may also play key roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases. This review provides background information on the unfolded protein response and discusses a selection of diseases whose pathogenesis involves ER stress.
An Analytic Approach to Tensor Scale with an Efficient Algorithm and Applications to Image Filtering

Scale is a widely used notion in image analysis that evolved in the form of scale-space theory where the key idea is to represent and analyze an image at various resolutions. Recently, we have introduced a local morphometric scale using an ellipsoidal model that yields a unified representation of structure size, orientation, and anisotropy. In our previous works, tensor scale was described using an algorithmic approach and a precise analytic definition was missing. Here, we formulate an analytic definition for tensor scale in n-dimensional (n-D) images and present an efficient computational solution in 2- and 3-D. Finally, we present an application of tensor scale in medical image filtering. Results of new tensor scale computation algorithm are presented. Also, the performance of tensor scale based image filtering is compared with various approaches of diffusive filtering and the results found are very promising.
Sources of Nutrients and the Scale of Eutrophication Problems in Estuaries

A comprehensive analysis of external sources of nutrients is presented including an impact, comparison of external loadings, and the resulting scale of eutrophication. The major emphasis of the analysis is on nitrogen and phosphorus.
Meso-Scale Deformation Behavior of Polymer Bonded Energetic Material Under Quasi-Static Compression

This paper describes the meso scale deformation behavior of polymer bonded energetic materials under quasi-static compression. Polymer bonded energetic material contains 80–90 % of sugar crystals (as simulant of HMX) and 10–20 % of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and plasticizer are cold pressed using a mold made of stainless steel. Meso and macro scale experiments are conducted to understand the multi-scale deformation mechanisms under uniaxial compression. Specimen with different amount of solid loading has been tested under compression and the crack nucleation in the case of high solid volume fraction and low volume fractions are studied. The displacement and strain fields of the specimen in all cases are measured using in-situ high resolution optical microscope and digital image correlation.
Gender equality policy in comparative perspective

Since the mid-1970s, gender equality policy has become increasingly important at all levels of the global political system (Friedman 2003). This can be attributed to a number of factors, including ...
Impacts of Drought and/or Heat Stress on Physiological, Developmental, Growth, and Yield Processes of Crop Plants

Drought and heat stress are among the two most important environmental factors influencing crop growth, development, and yield processes. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of drought and heat stress will be critical in evaluating the impact of climate change and climate variabil ity on crop production. Both drought and heat stress influence an array of processes including physiological, growth, developmental, yield, and quality of crop. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the influences of these two stresses on the above processes independently and in combination. Our review suggests a clear need of information on interactive effects of stresses particularly of drought and heat stress which mostly occur in combination. Both short- and long-term stresses can signifi cantly influence growth and yield processes when stress occurs at sensitive stages. Crops are generally more sensitive to drought and/or heat stress during reproductive stages of development, which mainly influences seed numbers. Some of the important traits associated with drought- and/or heat-stress tolerance are indicated and discussed. The impacts of drought and heat stress are often different, and tolerance mechanisms may also be different. There is a wide range of crop modeling approaches (simple empirical models and more mechanistic models) that try to quantify the impact of stresses on growth, development, and yield and yield quality traits. These crop models should have the capability to quantify the impact of both short- and long-term stress events on growth, development, and yield processes. Modeling growth, development, sink-source relation, grain yield, and grain quality of crops can improve understanding of physiological and genetic nature of tolerance which can lead to increased grain yield and quality of crops. Improved models can enhance our capacity to predict crop performance in future climates and also to identify traits that can potentially be improved or exploited to obtain higher and more stable crop yields under stressed environments.
Un regne d'aquest món: les aportacions en ètica de Ferrater Mora

El punt de vista de Ferrater Mora en filosofia moral va ser d'una notable originalitat , anticipant en determinats aspectes posicions desenvolupades per altres teorics en decades posteriors . En metaetica Ferrater es va oposar al realisme moral , aixi com a la idea que hi ha imperatius categorics , defensant un enfocament internista de les raons i relativista . En etica normativa proposar un sistema de conviccions no identificable amb cap de les teories normatives acceptades de forma estesa en l'actualitat , i va intentar conciliar certes facetes dels enfocaments contractualistes i consequencialistes . Finalment , va dignificar l'etica aplicada al mon de parla hispana , adoptant en aquest camp posicions notablement compromeses en un context que en el seu moment resultava molt poc propici per a aixo. El punt mes representatiu en el que aixo va ser aixi el va constituir la seva defensa de la consideracio moral dels animals , rebutjant els plantejaments especistes antropocentrics .
Patient-tailored multimodal neuroimaging, visualization and quantification of human intra-cerebral hemorrhage

In traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the heterogeneity of lesion sizes and types necessitates a variety of imaging modalities to acquire a comprehensive perspective on injury extent. Although it is advantageous to combine imaging modalities and to leverage their complementary benefits, there are difficulties in integrating information across imaging types. Thus, it is important that efforts be dedicated to the creation and sustained refinement of resources for multimodal data integration. Here, we propose a novel approach to the integration of neuroimaging data acquired from human patients with TBI/ICH using various modalities; we also demonstrate the integrated use of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data for TBI analysis based on both visual observations and quantitative metrics. 3D models of healthy-appearing tissues and TBIrelated pathology are generated, both of which are derived from multimodal imaging data. MRI volumes acquired using FLAIR, SWI, and T2 GRE are used to segment pathology. Healthy tissues are segmented using user-supervised tools, and results are visualized using a novel graphical approach called a ‘connectogram’, where brain connectivity information is depicted within a circle of radially aligned elements. Inter-region connectivity and its strength are represented by links of variable opacities drawn between regions, where opacity reflects the percentage longitudinal change in brain connectivity density. Our method for integrating, analyzing and visualizing structural brain changes due to TBI and ICH can promote knowledge extraction and enhance the understanding of mechanisms underlying recovery.
High resolution adaptive optics imaging complements standard spectral domain optical coherent tomography in retinal diseases with micro-structural details: a case series

Purpose: To evaluate if high resolution adaptive optics confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) can be used as an adjunct complementary diagnostic tool to spectral domain optical coherent tomography ( SD-OCT) in characterizing three macular diseases: rod-cone dystrophy, acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (Krill’s disease), and occult macular dystrophy. Methods: As part of a complete clinical examination, each patient was subjected to color fundus pictures, multimodal imaging scans with Heidelberg Spectralis TM and high resolution retinal images with a custom built adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmolscope (AO-SLO). The registered AO-SLO images were averaged to improve the signal to noise ratio and used to generate larger photoreceptor mosaics. Results: AO-SLO mosaics for all three conditions showed distinct, characteristic disruptions of the photoreceptors in areas that corresponded to the abnormalities observed on fundus photography and SD-OCT scans. Conclusions: AO-SLO defined fine structural changes associated with retinal pathology at the photoreceptor level that could not be achieved using standard diagnostic methods. A combination of adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) and SD-OCT provided views of the retina with enhanced lateral and axial resolution. High-resolution, ultra-structural details of the retina may provide additional insights into the disease etiology, progression and management of patients with vision threatening macular diseases.
Blade Element Momentum Based Study for Active and Passive Microjets Systems on the NREL 5-MW Turbine

Increasing size of wind turbine rotors requires methods for reduction of critical fatigue and extreme loads. Active Aerodynamic Load Control (AALC) provides local control of aerodynamic properties utilizing active flow control devices to alter aerodynamic load along the wind turbine span. Microjets, which discharge flow from an airfoil section normal to the airfoil surface at the trailing edge, have shown promising aerodynamic characteristics. However, these devices require pneumatic input to operate and thus it is crucial that the fatigue reduction justifies any energy input to the system. System configurations are considered utilizing both active and passive systems. To examine the potential for fatigue reduction of a range of potential system configurations, a Blade Element Momentum (BEM) code was integrated with a flow energy solver to estimate the change in primary fatigue metrics and the energy input to the flow. On the NREL 5-MW rotor, reductions of 3.5% in flapwise root bending moment, were found for passive microjets systems. This optimal passive microjet system was found for a jet that extended from midspan to three-quarters span. The results indicate that fatigue reduction is possible utilizing both active and passive systems.
An In-Situ Study of Velocity/Driving Force Relations for Interfacial Migration

The migration kinetics of antiphase boundaries (APBs) in long-range ordered Fe-Al alloys are analyzed using in-situ hot-stage transmission electron microscopy, making it possible to observe the interfacial migration directly as it occurs. The observed domain structures are essentially two dimensional due to the thin foil configuration of the specimen, facilitating analytical interpretation of the data. By measuring the local curvatures and migration distances from a series of micrographs taken at a constant temperature, the proportionality constant relating velocity to curvature can be determined. This proportionality constant, called the mobility for APB migration, is found to be independent of the curvature for APBs in Fe-27 atomic percent Al at 745K, having the value of 4.8×10 −19 m 2 /s.
Mmip-2, a novel RING finger protein that interacts with mad members of the Myc oncoprotein network

Mad proteins are basic – helix – loop – helix – leucine zipper (bHLH-ZIP)-containing members of the myc oncoprotein network. They interact with the bHLH-ZIP protein max, compete for the same DNA binding sites as myc-max heterodimers and down-regulate myc-responsive genes. Using the bHLH-ZIP domain of mad1 as a yeast two-hybrid `bait', we identified Mmip-2, a novel RING finger protein that interacts with all mad members, but weakly or not at all with c-myc, max or unrelated bHLH or bZIP proteins. The mad1-Mmip-2 interaction is mediated by the ZIP domain in the former protein and by at least two regions in the latter which do not include the RING finger. Mmip-2 can disrupt max-mad DNA binding and can reverse the suppressive effects of mad proteins on c-myc-responsive target genes and on c-myc+ras-mediated focus formation in fibroblasts. Tagging with spectral variants of green fluorescent protein showed that Mmip-2 and mad proteins reside in separate cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, respectively. When co-expressed, however, the proteins interact and translocate to the cellular compartment occupied by the more abundant protein. These observations suggest a novel way by which Mmip-2 can modulate the transcriptional activity of myc oncoproteins.
Metalinguistic Awareness in Monolingual and Bilingual Mildly Retarded Children

There has been much controversy about bilingualism in relation to cognitive and linguistic development in children. There have been suggestions that bilinguals might be slightly advanced in the area of metalinguistic awareness and that this “headstart” would generalize to other cognitive abilities. However, there are no data which address this question with mentally retarded children, who by definition exhibit anomalous cognitive functioning. The present study evaluated the metalinguistic awareness and cognitive functioning of matched groups of bilingual (n = 23) and monolingual (n = 23) mildly retarded students. The results indicated that the bilingual subjects did not outperform the monolingual subjects on a neo-piagetian measure of conservation, although there were differences on the metalinguistic tasks. These results are discussed in relation to current theories of language and cognition in bilingual children.
Nursing intervention strategy and compliance for antiviral therapy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Objective To investigate the reason of nonobservance for antiviral therapy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and prefered nursing intervention strategy. Methods The clinical date of 23 patients with AIDS was summarized, and the reason of therapy nonobservance was analyzed, CD4 + T number were detected after nursing intervention and therapeutic efficacy were analyzed by change of CD4 + T numbe. Results The rate of missing overdose, erroneous overdose and no on time overdose were all lower after nursing intervention than before nursing intervention (P 0.05), the heightening rate of CD4 + T was higher after nursing intervention than before ( P 0.05). Conclusion The major reasons of nonobservance for antiviral therapy in patients are therapy elaborate, long -term overdose and complicate process, the interactive mode of doctor, nurse, patients and family member is effective in improveing compliance of overdose.
Optimal auctions for spiteful bidders

Designing revenue-optimal auctions for various settings is perhaps the most important, yet sometimes most elusive, problem in mechanism design. Spiteful bidders have been intensely studied recently, especially because spite occurs in many applications in multiagent system and electronic commerce. We derive the optimal auction for such bidders (as well as bidders that are altruistic). It is a generalization of Myerson's (1981) auction. It chooses an allocation that maximizes agents' virtual valuations, but for a generalized definition of virtual valuation. The payment rule is less intuitive. For one, it takes each bidder's own report into consideration when determining his payment. Moreover, bidders pay even if the seller keeps the item; a similar phenomenon has been shown in other settings with negative externalities (Jehiel, Moldovanu, and Stacchetti 1996; Deng and Pekec 2011). On the other hand, a novel aspect of our auction is that it sometimes subsidizes losers when the item is sold to some other bidder. We also derive a revenue equivalence theorem for this setting. Using it, we generate a short proof of (a slight generalization of) the previously known result that, in two-bidder settings with independently uniformly drawn valuations, second-price auctions yield greater expected revenue than first-price auctions. Finally, we present a template for comparing the expected revenues of any two auction mechanisms that have the same allocation rule (for the valuations distributions at hand.
Impact of hands-on care on infant sleep in the neonatal intensive care unit.

SummaryStudy Objectives Sleep disruption is increasingly recognized in hospitalized patients. Impaired sleep is associated with measureable alterations in neurodevelopment. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment has the potential to affect sleep quality and quantity. We aimed: (i) to determine the frequency and duration of hands-on care, and its impact on sleep, for NICU patients; and (ii) to assess the incidence of respiratory events associated with handling for a cohort of sick neonates. Methods Term and near-term neonates admitted to the NICU and at risk for cerebral dysfunction due to severity of illness or clinical suspicion for seizures underwent attended, bedside polysomnography. Continuous polysomnogram segments were analyzed and data on handling, infant behavioral state, and associated respiratory events were recorded. Results Video and polysomnography data were evaluated for 25 infants (gestational age 39.4 ± 1.6 weeks). The maximum duration between handling episodes for each infant was 50.9 ± 26.2 min, with a median of 2.3 min between contacts. Handling occurred across all behavioral states (active sleep 29.5%; quiet sleep 23.1%; awake 29.9%; indeterminate 17.4%; P = 0.99). Arousals or awakenings occurred in 57% of contacts with a sleeping infant. Hypopnea, apnea, and oxygen desaturation occurred with 16%, 8%, and 19.5% of contacts, respectively. Hypopnea was most likely to occur following contact with infants in active sleep (28%; P < 0.001). Conclusions Infants in the NICU experience frequent hands-on care, associated with disturbances of sleep and respiration. The potential health and developmental impact of these disturbances merits study, as strategies to monitor sleep and minimize sleep-disordered breathing might then improve NICU outcomes. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:84–90 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of ultrasonography in the evaluation of vomiting in infants

L'ultrasonographie pourrait permettre de porter le diagnostic de stenose hypertrophique du pylore mais la fiabilite de cet examen est encore insuffisante pour en faire une technique de routine. La formation de radiologistes infantiles specialises dans cette technique s'impose
Some Intermittent Aeration Kinetics from a Laboratory Study with Pig Slurry

A0 )75 kW aeration system with a venturi air injector was used in this study to examine the properties of the oxygen uptake rate and overall oxygen transfer coe$cient in pig slurry. Data showed that both parameters varied with the intermittent aeration process. The oxygen uptake rate increased from 0)46 mg l~1 min~1 to about 1) 8m gl~1 min~1, while the overall oxygen transfer coe$cient decreased from 0) 5m in~1 to about 0) 3m in~1 over a total number of 31 tests. The system had a tendency to run continuously since the o!-run time decreased from 10 min at the beginning of the test to 3 min at the end of the test. This may imply that an intermittent aeration system, if controlled by dissolved oxygen concentration, might not be able to run intermittently due to increased consumption of oxygen by the manure. The aeration system tested achieved an aeration e$ciency of 3)20 kg [O 2 ]k Wh~1 in this study. ( 2001 Silsoe Research Institute
The Three Rural Dramas

Blood Wedding and Yerma are the first and second plays of a trilogy ‘of the Spanish earth’ that Lorca first mentioned in 1933. In 1935, Lorca told an interviewer that the third play was nearly finished and that those who had liked his last two dramas — Blood Wedding and Yerma — would not be disappointed with this one. There is still some confusion over exactly what Lorca may have had in mind for this trilogy. In 1933 he called it a trilogy of the Spanish earth and included an unknown play called The Destruction of Sodom. In 1934, the same trilogy then included Yerma, but Lorca called the third work The Drama of Lot’s Daughters. These are perhaps different titles or ways of referring to the same project. Only months later (1935), he returned to the title, The Destruction of Sodom, saying that the work was nearly finished (II, 975). Lorca’s good friend, Rafael Martinez Nadal, also recalls talk of a Biblical trilogy whose final work would be a drama of Cain and Abel, a fierce anti-war play in which the ‘madness’ of the modern world would be mixed with the biblical legend in strange but vivid superimpositions.
Patterns of conifer regeneration following high severity wildfire in ponderosa pine - dominated forests of the Colorado Front Range

Abstract Many recent wildfires in ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) – dominated forests of the western United States have burned more severely than historical ones, generating concern about forest resilience. This concern stems from uncertainty about the ability of ponderosa pine and other co-occurring conifers to regenerate in areas where no surviving trees remain. We collected post-fire conifer regeneration and other data within and surrounding five 11–18 year-old Colorado Front Range wildfires to examine whether high severity burn areas (i.e., areas without surviving trees) are regenerating, and how regeneration density is related to abiotic and biotic factors such as distance from surviving forest, elevation, and aspect. We found that some conifer regeneration has occurred in high severity burn areas (mean and median of 118 and 0 stems ha −1 , respectively), but at densities that were considerably lower than those in unburned and in low to moderate severity burn areas. Generalized estimating equation analyses revealed that distance from surviving forest was the most important predictor of conifer regeneration in high severity burn areas, with regeneration declining as distance from surviving forest increased; estimates of conifer regeneration were 211 stems ha −1 immediately adjacent to surviving forest but only 10 stems ha −1 200 m from surviving forest. These analyses also revealed that conifer regeneration densities declined as elevation decreased. Regression tree analyses likewise showed that distance from surviving forest and elevation were important predictors of conifer regeneration in high severity burn areas; within 50 m of surviving forest mean (median) regeneration was 150 (0) stems ha −1 at elevations ⩽2490 m and 1120 (1000) stems ha −1 at elevations >2490 m, but at distances ⩾50 m from surviving forest mean (median) regeneration was only 49 (0) stems ha −1 , regardless of elevation. Applying regression tree results spatially to the 2002 Hayman Fire, Colorado’s largest and most severe known wildfire, we found that 70% of the area without surviving forest exceeded this 50 m threshold. These patterns of conifer regeneration suggest that Colorado Front Range ponderosa pine – dominated forests may not be resilient to high severity wildfire, particularly where surviving forest is not in close proximity. We recommend that land managers consider planting conifers within the interiors of large high severity burn patches, as well as implementing treatments to reduce the risk of uncharacteristic high severity wildfire in unburned forests, where maintaining a forested condition is desired.
Performing Imperceptibility: Google Street View and the Tableau Vivant

When Google introduced its Street View technology in 2007, by taking panoramic photographs of ordinary street scenes around the globe, it brought us one step closer to the dystopian reality of universal surveillance. In response to Google's roving camera, some people have staged street-side performances in hopes of being photographed and uploaded online. We think of these performances as contemporary iterations of the historical performance genre known as the tableau vivant : “living images” that resist biopolitical control by “performing imperceptibility.” Drawing upon Rosi Braidotti’s nomadic ethics and Jon McKenzie’s general theory of performance, we argue that the tableau vivant staged for Street View cameras subvert the dividuation of control societies by affirming, through their affective intensity, the possibility of enduring as a subject.
Contrasting Case Definitions: The ME International Consensus Criteria vs. the Fukuda et Al. CFS Criteria

This article contrasts the Myalgic Encephalomyelitis International Consensus Criteria (ME-ICC) (Carruthers et al., 2011) with the Fukuda et al. (1994) CFS criteria. Findings indicated that the ME-ICC case definition criteria identified a subset of patients with more functional impairments and physical, mental and cognitive problems than the larger group of patients meeting the Fukuda et al. (1994) criteria. The sample of patients meeting ME-ICC criteria also had significantly greater rates of psychiatric comorbidity. These findings suggest that utilizing the ME-ICC may identify a more homogenous group of individuals with severe symptomatology and functional impairment. Implications of the high rates of psychiatric comorbidity found in the ME sample are discussed.
Advances in spatial epidemiology and geographic information systems

The field of spatial epidemiology has evolved rapidly in the past 2 decades. This study serves as a brief introduction to spatial epidemiology and the use of geographic information systems in applied research in epidemiology. We highlight technical developments and highlight opportunities to apply spatial analytic methods in epidemiologic research, focusing on methodologies involving geocoding, distance estimation, residential mobility, record linkage and data integration, spatial and spatio-temporal clustering, small area estimation, and Bayesian applications to disease mapping. The articles included in this issue incorporate many of these methods into their study designs and analytical frameworks. It is our hope that these studies will spur further development and utilization of spatial analysis and geographic information systems in epidemiologic research.
What Drives Consumer Choices? Mining Aspects and Opinions on Large Scale Review Data Using Distributed Representation of Words

With the increasing popularity of online review sites, developing methods to mine and analyze information contained in the vast amounts of noisy user-generated reviews becomes a necessity. In this work, we develop a method to uncover the various aspects of a product or service reviewed by a user, and the opinions associated with them, in an automated fashion. We use the neural network model Word2Vec to build a vector space representation of a large corpus of user-generated, online restaurant reviews, and harness these distributed representations for aspect-based sentiment analysis. User generated text data is intrinsically noisy, with misspellings, informal language, and digressions. Because of the many variations in spelling and expression, the data is also very sparse. Despite these inherent challenges we are able to represent the reviews by key drivers of consumer sentiment, allowing for highly accurate sentiment prediction using a method that is both scalable and human interpretable.
Prognostic value of LUGANO, EORTC, PERCIST and IHP criteria in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma based on 18F-FDG PET/CT

1772 Objectives 18F-FDG PET/CT performed at the end of treatment (EOT PET) is an accurate tool to predict the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Several criteria based on the PET analyses have being explored for evaluating the metabolic response. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between outcome and four established different criteria (LUGANO, EORTC, PERCIST and IHP) based on the EOT PET/CT analysis. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 51 patients (mean age: 55 ± 17 y, range 23-84 y) with histopathologically proven DLBCL, stage I-IV (26 patients stage = 1 \[asterisk] ROMAN I- = 2 \[asterisk] ROMAN II, 25 patients = 3 \[asterisk] ROMAN III- = 4 \[asterisk] ROMAN IV). All patients underwent scans at the beginning of treatment (baseline PET) and after 2-4 cycles of chemotherapy (interim PET). Of all patients, 46 also performed 18F-FDG PET/CT at the end of therapy (EOT PET). All scans were interpreted by two Nuclear Medicine physicians using PET edge tool of MIMvista software. Interpretations were evaluated for inter-observer agreement. On the basis of the criteria, patients were divided into four groups:complete metabolic response (CMR), partial metabolic response (PMR), stable metabolic disease (SMD) and progressive metabolic disease (PMD). Criteria were then examined for their ability to predict overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results Over a median follow-up of 51.6 months, EOT PET based on PERCIST was significant predictor of OS (p<0.05), whereas LUGANO, EORTC and IHP didn’t correlate with OS, neither DFS. With all criteria we reached 41 CMR. LUGANO has a positive predictive value (PPV) of 20%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 88.9%. EORTC, PERCIST and IHP share the same PPV of 20% and NPV of 90.3%. Conclusions EOT 18F-FDG PET/CT analysis based on LUGANO, EORTC, PERCIST and IHP criteria predicts favorable outcomes of DLBCL patients (NPP~ 90%). PERCIST criteria at the EOT PET is a good predictor of OS. We didn’t find any significant difference among criteria in their ability to predict outcome. Larger cohort of patients are needed to confirm these data.
Metabolic reprogramming of the premalignant colonic mucosa is an early event in carcinogenesis.

// Mart Dela Cruz 1,* , Sarah Ledbetter 1,* , Sanjib Chowdhury 1,* , Ashish K. Tiwari 1 , Navneet Momi 1 , Ramesh K. Wali 1 , Charles Bliss 1 , Christopher Huang 1 , David Lichtenstein 1 , Swati Bhattacharya 1 , Anisha Varma-Wilson 1 , Vadim Backman 2 and Hemant K. Roy 1 1 Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Hemant K. Roy, email: // Keywords : colorectal carcinoma, field carcinogenesis, metabolism, metabolic reprogramming, Warburg effect Received : December 08, 2016 Accepted : February 27, 2017 Published : March 11, 2017 Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. There is an increasing need for the identification of biomarkers of pre-malignant and early stage CRC to improve risk-stratification and screening recommendations. In this study, we investigated the possibility of metabolic and mitochondrial reprogramming early in the pre-malignant colorectal field. Methods: Rectal biopsies were taken from 81 patients undergoing screening colonoscopy, and gene expression of metabolic and mitochondrial markers were assessed using real time quantitative PCR. Validation studies were performed in two different animal models of colon carcinogenesis: Pirc rats and AOM-treated rats. Results: We found evidence of a Warburg effect in the normal-appearing rectal mucosa of patients harboring precancerous lesions elsewhere in the colon compared to control patients, with a significant increase in HIF1α , SLC2A1 (referred to as GLUT1) , PKM2 , and LDHA . We also found evidence of early mitochondrial changes in the colorectal field of patients harboring pre-cancerous lesions, with significantly increased mitochondrial gene expression of DRP1 (fission), OPA1 (fusion), PGC1 -α (biogenesis), UCP2 (uncoupling) and mtND1 (copy number). Similar results were observed in the two different animal models. Conclusions: These results demonstrate for the first time evidence of early Warburg-like metabolic changes as well as changes in mitochondrial function, dynamics and mtDNA copy number in endoscopically normal premalignant colorectal mucosal field. These findings provide an opportunity for the development of metabolic biomarkers that could be used for improving screening recommendations and risk-stratification. This also provides a potential target for novel chemopreventive strategies in the pre-malignant colorectal field.