cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanical thrombectomy for pulmonary embolism in patients with patent foramen Ovale

The current level of evidence for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) is limited. This was a retrospective analysis of 9 patients with PFO and acute high-risk or intermediate-high-risk PE, 6 with intermediate-high risk and 3 with high-risk PE. All underwent MT using the Inari FlowTriever System from Dec 2018 to November 2019. Six of these patients had confirmed deep venous thrombosis. The technical and clinical success rate for MT in all patients was 100% and 77.8%, respectively. Right-heart strain improved in 6/8 patients on follow-up echocardiography. Mean main pulmonary artery (MPA) pressure significantly decreased after MT (p < 0.012). One patient presented with altered mental status (somnolence and disorientation) prior to coronary artery angiogram and thrombectomy, developed a middle cerebral artery embolic stroke 1 day after MT, and recovered with minor sequalae and later was discharged. There was no in-hospital mortality. MT using FlowTriever was feasible and safe, successfully improving MPA pressure in patients presenting with concurrent PFO and PE.
Grazing in California's Mediterranean Multi-Firescapes

Author(s): Huntsinger, L; Barry, S | Abstract: The California landscape is layered and multifunctional, both historically and spatially. Currently, wildfire size, frequency, and intensity are without precedent, at great cost to human health, property, and lives. We review the contemporary firescape, the indigenous landscape that shaped pre-contact California's vegetation, the post-contact landscape that led us to our current situation, and the re-imagined grazing-scape that offers potential relief. Vegetation has been profoundly altered by the loss of Indigenous management, introduction of non-native species, implantation of inappropriate, militarized, forest management from western Europe, and climate change, creating novel ecosystems almost always more susceptible to wildfire than before. Vegetation flourishes during the mild wet winters of a Mediterranean climate and dries to a crisp in hot, completely dry, summers. Livestock grazing can break up continuous fuels, reduce rangeland fuels annually, and suppress brush encroachment, yet it is not promoted by federal or state forestry and fire-fighting agencies. Agencies, especially when it comes to fire, operate largely under a command and control model, while ranchers are a diverse group not generally subject to agency regulations, with a culture of autonomy in decision-making and a unit of production that is mobile. Concerns about potential loss of control have limited prescribed burning despite landowner and manager enthusiasm. Agriculture and active management in general are much neglected as an approach to developing fire-resistant landscape configurations, yet such interventions are essential. Prescribed burning facilitates grazing; grazing facilitates prescribed burning; both can reduce fuels. Leaving nature “to itself” absent recognizing that California's ecosystems have been irrecoverably altered has become a disaster of enormous proportions. We recommend the development of a database of the effects and uses of prescribed fire and grazing in different vegetation types and regions throughout the state, and suggest linking to existing databases when possible. At present, livestock grazing is California's most widespread vegetation management activity, and if purposefully applied to fuel management has great potential to do more.
Romanticizing the Heart

Since ancient times, the heart has been equated to a household divinity, a light of consciousness, the cosmic axis, the source of life, and that of the immortal soul. In this chapter, the historical view of the heart from the Ancient Egyptians to William Harvey is discussed.
Pressure drop of water flow across a micro-pin–fin array part 1: Isothermal liquid single-phase flow

Abstract This is part one of a two-part study that investigates water single-phase and two-phase pressure drop across a staggered array of circular micro-pin–fins. This paper presents results of isothermal liquid single-phase flow, and part two adiabatic liquid–vapor two-phase flow. The micro-pin–fins are 180 μm in diameter, 683 μm in height, and 399 μm in both longitudinal and transverse pitches. Seven temperature levels from 23 to 80 °C, and seventeen maximum mass velocities for each temperature, ranging from 133 to 1538 kg/m 2 s, were tested. The resulting Reynolds number ranged from 26 to 776. Pressure drop across the micro-pin–fin array was measured, and friction factor calculated. The existing friction factor correlations for micro-pin–fin arrays, conventional-size pin–fin arrays, and tube banks were examined and found unable to predict the data. A numerical simulation was performed, and a good agreement was found between the experimental data and numerical results. A new friction factor correlation was developed that is used in part two of the study on calculating liquid–vapor two-phase pressure drop.
Anemia and hypercholesterolemia in cholesterol-fed rabbits.

Abstract The anemia observed in cholesterol-fed rabbits is biphasic. The initial phase of the anemia is dilutional in origin and is followed by a second phase which is hemolytic. Hypercholesterolemia is present in both phases; however, in the hemolytic phase, increased red cell cholesterol levels are present. During both phases, irregularly shaped red cells are seen. The abnormally shaped red cells do not appear to be causally related to increased red cell lipid levels nor are they related to the shortened red cell life-span.
Hormonal pathways regulating intermale and interfemale aggression.

Publisher Summary Offensive aggression between conspecific males and conspecific females can serve as model systems to exemplify our understanding of androgenic effects on aggressive behavior. This form of aggression between same-sex conspecifics is a productive behavior because it determines dominance status and access to resources. The use of offensive aggression in males as a model is based on its widely documented dependence on testosterone (T), the principal testicular androgen. Including females as a representative system for exemplifying androgenic effects on aggression seem unusual, given the numerous failures to identify a positive relationship between T and this behavior in female mammals. However, several studies clearly demonstrated that females housed in small groups displayed aggression toward other females, juvenile males, or gonadectomized adult males. Studies also showed that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an androgenic neurosteroid synthesized in the brains of humans and other mammals, played an important role in regulating the aggressive behavior. Research with animal models demonstrates the complex nature of hormonal modulation and the need for increasingly refined regulatory models of offensive aggression. The complexity and extent of interactions also indicates that focusing on a single genetic or physiological marker, as a cause of aggression is a difficult proposition with limited utility.
Pairing Heterocyclic Cations with closo-dodecafluorododecaborate(2-). Synthesis of Binary Heterocyclium(1+) Salts and a AG4(heterocycle)8(4+) Salt of B12F12(2-) (Preprint)

Abstract Eight binary salts that pair triazolium(1+), imidazolium(1+), pyrimidinium(1+), or purinium(1+) cations with the icosahedral closo -dodecafluorododecaborate(2−) anion (B 12 F 12 2− ) were synthesized using open-air benchtop metathesis reactions in water or acetonitrile. The scale of the reactions varied from just milligrams to nearly one gram of the K 2 B 12 F 12 starting material. Other reaction conditions, the scope of the reaction, and the solubilities for the new salts are discussed. Five [heterocyclium] 2 [B 12 F 12 ] salts, which were obtained in yields ranging from 84% to 99%, displayed significantly higher densities than the corresponding previously reported analogous [heterocyclium] 2 [B 12 H 12 ] and [heterocyclium][CB 11 H 12 ] salts. A ninth high-density salt consisted of B 12 F 12 2− paired with a complex Ag 4 (triazole) 8 4+ cation. The structures of eight of the nine new compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The density of five [heterocyclium] 2 [B 12 F 12 ] salts was found to increase approximately linearly as the distance between the five-membered-ring heterocyclium(1+) cation centroids decreased. This work demonstrates additional flexibility for the rational design of ionic structures with predictable properties, which will ultimately permit the tailoring of ingredient-response behavior.
Evaluations of utility residential conservation programs in the Pacific Northwest: A critical review

Abstract Pacific Northwest utilities have sponsored the nation's earliest and most thorough residential conservation programs. The Northwest region also leads in the quality, quantity, and usefulness of utility-sponsored program evaluations. This article critically reviews the methods and findings of four major Northwest utility program evaluations. Recommendations for future evaluation and program management efforts also are discussed.
Using temporal semantics for live media stream queries

Querying live media streams is a challenging problem that becomes an essential requirement in a growing number of applications. We address the problem of evaluating continuous queries on media streams produced by media sources such as webcams and microphones. The temporal attributes and the order of stream tuples play essential roles in live stream generation and query execution. Furthermore, the temporal constraints and query semantics of related streams provide additional query optimization opportunities. We investigate the modeling issues and introduce the query processing techniques of a live media stream management system (MedSMan), including media capturing, automatic feature generating, declaration and query languages, temporal stream operators and querying algorithms. A prototype is implemented and we present experimental results to show the performance of our prototype using various real-time media experiments.
Evidence for Irreversible, Actinomycin D-sensitive, and Temperature-sensitive Steps following Binding of Cortisol to Glucocorticoid Receptors and Preceding Effects on Glucose Metabolism in Rat Thymus Cells

Following cortisol binding to the specific glucocorticoid receptors of thymus cells at 37° (a process which takes about 7 min), there is a 5- to 10-min lag period before a cortisol effect can be observed on glucose 6-phosphate accumulation after a glucose pulse. Evidence is presented that during this period the signal initiated by cortisol binding traverses an irreversible, an actinomycin D-sensitive, and a temperature-sensitive step. The irreversible step is shown by the fact that removal of cortisol from the glucocorticoid receptors (by displacement with cortexolone, a metabolically inactive glucocorticoid competitor, or by washing) well before any metabolic effect has appeared does not prevent the subsequent appearance of the cortisol effect. The actinomycin D-sensitive step is shown by the fact that, whereas addition of actinomycin D to thymus cells together with cortisol prevents the cortisol effect from developing subsequently, addition of actinomycin D 5 min after cortisol does not prevent the cortisol effect. To produce these actions, actinomycin D must be used at 100 µg per ml. This same concentration is necessary to inhibit RNA synthesis rapidly in thymus cells by about 80%. The temperature-sensitive step is shown by the fact that the duration of the lag period preceding the appearance of a cortisol effect increases markedly at temperatures below 37° to more than 120 min at 20°. The duration of the lag period at 37° can be shortened if cells are first incubated with cortisol at 20°. The temperature dependence of the irreversible step is such that it cannot be identical with, but must precede, the temperature-dependent step. The actinomycin D-sensitive step may or may not be identical with one of the other two steps.
Radiative corrections to WW scattering in the standard model

The standard model of electroweak interactions has been consistent with all known experimental data to this date. However, there remain some important components of this model as yet unverified experimentally, namely the vector boson self-interactions and the Higgs sector. Both are needed to insure renormalizability without spoiling gauge invariance.
Optical scatter patterns facilitate rapid differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae on CHROMagarTM Orientation medium

Enterobacteriaceae family comprised pathogens and commensals and has a significant impact on food safety and public health. Enterobacteriaceae is often enumerated and presumptively identified on chromogenic media, such as CHROMagar(TM) Orientation medium based on colony profile; however, classification is highly arbitrary, and some could not be differentiated due to similar chromogen production. Here, we investigated the ability of the laser optical sensor, BARDOT (bacterial rapid detection using optical scattering technology) for rapid screening and differentiation of colonies of the major bacterial genera from Enterobacteriaceae on CHROMagar(TM) Orientation. A total of 36 strains representing 12 genera and 15 species were used to generate colony scatter image library that comprised 1683 scatter images. This library was used to differentiate mixed cultures of Enterobacteriaceae family - Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii and Serratia marcescens (KECS group); Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii and Providencia rettgeri (PMP group); and non-Enterobacteriaceae family: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus (PAS group) - and data show high accuracy (83-100%) for intra-group classification of colonies in 10-22 h or even before visible production of chromogens. BARDOT successfully differentiated the major genera, including the ones that do not produce visually distinguishable chromogens on CHROMagar(TM) Orientation, providing a label-free, real-time on-plate colony screening tool for Enterobacteriaceae.
Neonatal Nursing Workforce: A Global Challenge and Opportunity

Abstract As the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) move to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to ensure that progress continues and is sustainability, the quality and quantity of the workforce is being examined. The neonatal nursing workforce is an elusive concept as there are many challenges to accurately measuring the number of neonatal nurses working globally. Yet, the ability to describe the workforce-supply and demand is important as neonatal outcomes are directly linked to access to health professionals who are adequately trained. This article will describe the health care workforce and the need to re-examine the changing healthcare needs globally.
Electrochemical Dissociation of Water Vapor in Solid Oxide Electrolyte Cells: I . Thermodynamics and Cell Characteristics

This paper describes the dissociation of water vapor in high‐temperature, solid oxide electrolyte cells. The characteristics of these cells are related to a composition‐dependent open‐circuit voltage, which can be obtained from thermodynamic considerations, to ohmic resistance, and to mass transport overvoltages. The problem of maintaining a heat balance in a system consisting of such cells is considered in terms of the heat loss through the leads connecting the cells with the surroundings. A conclusion is that the electrical energy requirement for dissociation can be reduced substantially by series connection of individual cells within the high‐temperature region of the system, but that ohmic resistance limits the optimized current density through the electrolyte to values well below the maximum values that are feasible.
Environmentalism of African Americans: An Analysis of the Subculture and Barriers Theories

Although studies of environmentalism proliferate, questions still exist regarding the environmentalism of African Americans and other ethnic minorities. The objectives of this study included (a) as...
Advances in Psychotherapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Since the introduction of generalized anxiety disorder into the diagnostic system for psychiatric conditions, scientists have worked to develop effective treatments for the amelioration of chronic, excessive worry. In addition to traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy, more recent advances have focused on treatments targeting intolerance of uncertainty, meta-cognitions, emotion dysregulation, lack of acceptance of internal experiences, and emotional contrasts. This article reviews these therapeutic approaches and summarizes recent publications relevant to the psychological treatment of worry and generalized anxiety disorder.
A Derivation of Benford's Law

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTBenford distributions of leading digits arise in a multitude of everyday settings, yet the establishment of the distribution's genesis required unnecessarily restrictive postulates of scale or base invariance. We derive Benford's law from the limit of Pareto probability densities. We also provide empirical explanations of the Benford distribution's pervasiveness in practice.
Disease-modifying therapies for osteoarthritis : current status.

Osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, is a debilitating progressive disease principally affecting the elderly. Osteoarthritis therapy has evolved in the past few decades from symptomatic treatment to possible disease-modifying solutions. In this paper, the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis is first reviewed, including an examination of the mechanisms underlying osteoarthritis and discussions of the roles of cartilage, synovial fluid and subchondral bone. The remainder of the paper discusses therapeutic approaches in current use and those in development, with special attention given to pharmacological treatments. Current approaches to treating osteoarthritis — i.e. medications; nonpharmacological modalities, such as physical therapy, exercise, weight management and orthotics; and (as a last resort) surgery — focus on reducing pain and improving (or at least maintaining) mobility. Drugs currently used to treat osteoarthritis fall into several categories: analgesics, NSAIDs, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, corticosteroids, viscosupplementation, and symptomatic slow-acting drugs (‘nutraceuticals’). The analgesics (paracetamol [acetaminophen] and opiates) have demonstrated less symptomatic efficacy than NSAIDs, while the latter have displayed mixed results in terms of joint space narrowing. COX-2 inhibitors have been demonstrated to be equal to or superior to NSAIDs in effectiveness. However, once considered a safer alternative, COX-2 inhibitors have become the subject of intense scrutiny since recent clinical evidence has cast suspicion on their cardiovascular safety profile. Injectable therapies, such as corticosteroids and viscosupplementation have elicited favorable short-term response but no long-term structural modification. On the other hand, the slow-acting drugs, especially chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate, have shown promising results. Also reviewed are other established and experimental therapies that seek to modify and/or even reverse the course of osteoarthritis. These include such medications as colchicine, bisphosphonates and hormones; dietary therapeutics, such as ginger extract and green tea; and such truly experimental treatments as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, cytokines, nitric oxide, growth factors and gene therapy. Osteoarthritis continues to be a difficult disorder to treat, as there is no cure as such and current treatments focus mainly on relieving pain and maintaining joint function. The search nevertheless continues for management regimens that can slow, alter or reverse the degenerative processes of osteoarthritis.
THE ORIGIN AND USE OF COPYMARKS IN ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING

The recent popularity of desktop publishing has drawn attention to computer composition systems and document interchange standards. The paper begins with an historical review of copymarking and a conceptual description of the various types of copymarks. The basic categories of copymarks are described and related to the functions of composition systems. From this categorisation a taxonomy of copymarks is developed. Final form and revisable form document interchange standards continue to evolve. Revisable form document interchange standards are in essence copymark standards. As document interchange standards develop, some questions are being raised about the basis for the standards. Do we know enough about documents, copymarks, and composition systems to develop durable standards? Others have asked whether at more fundamental levels we know enough about documents and copymarking. Implications for future research on documents and document processing are described. Issues in the development of interchange standards and conversion systems are reviewed.
Early nutrition of very low birth weight infants

In the past, initiation of nutritional support of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants was delayed because of concerns about the safety of nutrient administration. This contributed to the impairment of neurocognitive development that these infants often display later in life. Today there is consensus that nutritional support of VLBW infants must begin immediately at birth. Because of immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract, nutritional support initially relies mainly on parenteral nutrition. Trophic feedings, preferably in the form of human milk, are provided as a stimulus for maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. Once maturation has occurred, parenteral nutrition is phased out. Although the objective of nutritional support is to meet the needs of VLBW infants at all times, nutrient deficits, albeit of a modest size, continue to be the rule. Continuing efforts are necessary to eliminate the remaining nutrient deficits.
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Pharmaceutical Industry Funding: Considerations for Organizations Serving Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Communities

Abstract Emerging research suggests that alcohol, tobacco and drug-related problems may be higher in lesbian and gay communities than in the population as a whole. At the same time, alcohol, tobacco and pharmaceutical industries have increased marketing strategies that are targeted specifically to lesbian and gay communities. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) and HTV/AIDS organizations, often marginalized and under-funded, have frequently faced significant challenges in funding programs and special events. These organizations are often the very same groups needed to promote and support effective substance abuse countermeasures in LGBT communities. Agency leaders, community members, and substance abuse prevention advocates all have a stake in identifying reasonable guidelines for industry sponsorship of special events as well as contributions to nonprofit organizations. This paper discusses these issues and provides examples of guidelines that may be adopted by nonprofit and community based org...
Induced Genetic Load in Descendants of Irradiated Greater Wax Moths

Persistent detrimental effects on reproduction of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were induced by exposure of 5 or 9 krads of gamma radiation to pharate male pupae. Egg hatch was less than in the control through 6 outcrossed generations. Egg number varied but was generally less in irradiated lines than in the control, and more eggs were produced in some replicates than in the control. Reproduction from outcrossed lines was more adversely affected in generations 1 and 2 by 9 than by 5 krad, but in subsequent generations adult numbers from 5 and 9 krads was respectively 25 and 40% that produced by the control. In generation 3, numbers of adult progeny in outcrossed irradiated lines ranged 2–84% that in the control, but in generation 6, more adults developed from 6 pairs than from the control. Inbred matings of generation 3 produced 11% as many adult male progeny as the control and 1.4% as many females. Inbred matings of generation 6 produced 10% as many male progeny and 4% as many females. Theoretical models for inundative releases calculated on the basis of average reproduction indicate the possibility of good population control and population collapse following some release rates. Theoretical models for inoculative releases calculated on the basis of the wide variation in reproduction indicate that a very few moths would have considerable impact on a population because of mutations that decrease fitness of the pest.
Motivational properties of spaced food presentation in hungry rats: Long-lasting effects on drinking and eating

Abstract Hungry rats were given 60 food pellets either at spaced intervals or massed in one or two presentations, or no food, followed by a consumption test in the home cage. Drinking was higher after spaced food sessions than after massed food or no food sessions (Experiments 1, 2, 3, and 5) and higher after the presentation of standard food pellets than after quinine-flavored pellets (Experiment 2). An effect of spacing was found even with a delay of 1 hr between the end of the food session and the drinking test (Experiment 3). Spaced food presentation also produced an increase in the consumption of quinine-flavored food pellets after the end of the session (Experiment 4). These results suggest that the enhancement of behavior caused by intermittent reinforcement cannot be attributed entirely to the short-term eliciting effects of the reinforcer or to its thirst-inducing properties.
Health informatics and oncology nursing

Objectives To provide an overview of the essential role of health and nursing informatics in meeting the 21st century call to provide state-of-the-art oncology care. Data Sources Published articles, research studies, and documents relating to informatics. Conclusions Health and nursing informatics encompass the pivotal roles of data and information; identifying and documenting essential data using nursing vocabularies; ensuring adequate computer-based patient record systems; accessing and building knowledge; using telecommunications to support care delivery; empowering the consumer through health informatics; transforming education; and enhancing decision making in oncology nursing through national research agendas. Implications for Nursing Practice The information age calls us to explore digital and information technologies as extensions of human capacity. Oncology nursing practice is especially positioned to contribute to the health of our population.
Measure, Report, Improve: The Quest for Best Practices for High-Quality Care in Critical Care Transport

There has been increasing attention nationally to the quality of care provided by critical care transport teams. Much of this has been fostered by benchmarking work done in overlapping fields of medicine. Another important catalyst has been the landmark work by the Institute of Medicine— Crossing the Quality Chasm . Organizations such as the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation have mature and transparent processes for measuring quality of care at different hospital systems, allowing these programs to compare themselves to others and learn from the high performers. The field of pediatric and neonatal critical care transport strives to do the same but has only recently begun to develop the performance measures and benchmarking strategies necessary to do this work. This article describes examples of quality improvement measurement and benchmarking, reviews important concepts related to continuous quality improvement, and introduces the reader to the consensus quality metrics established by the Ohio Neonatal/Pediatric Transport Quality Improvement Collaborative and by the American Academy of Pediatrics' Section on Transport Medicine.
The fine structure and crystallography of the hinge ligament ofSpisula solidissima (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Mactridae)

1. The composition of the inner hinge ligament of the marine bivalve mollusc,Spisula solidissima, is calcium carbonate embedded in a hydrated protein matrix. X-ray diffraction analysis of the decalcified matrix suggests a β-protein configuration. 2. Amino acid analysis indicates more than 62% of the residues are glycine. 3. Electron microscopic, X-ray diffraction and polarized light data show the calcium carbonate phase to be single crystals of aragonite, about 1,000 angstroms in diameter, and several thousand angstroms in length. The crystals are oriented with the crystallographic c-axis normal to the visible growth lamellae. The crystallographic a- and b-axes are in random orientation.
Characterization of Mo/B4C multilayers

Abstract The Mo/B 4 C multilayer system is selected for maximum, normal incidence reflection of 6.7 nm X-rays. Application in projection lithography requires structural optimization for smooth layering and minimal interface roughness. A transmission electron microscopy analysis of samples prepared in cross-section reveals an intrinsic layer roughness despite attempts to refine sputter deposition parameters. The limitations in growth morphology are attributable to interfacial reactivity from inherent phase instability.
The Vibration of Bells

Relative frequencies, nodal meridians, and nodal circles of the bells of the Harkness Memorial Chime.\char22{}This is a study of the ten bells of the Harkness Memorial Chime at Yale University. The large size of these bells makes it possible to examine partial tones of higher order than could be studied on smaller bells. For the first ten partials the average values found for the relative frequencies, the numbers of nodal meridians, and the numbers of nodal circles are shown in the following table. The nodal circles for the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th partials are at levels about $\frac{1}{3}$, \textonehalf{}, $\frac{1}{6}$, and \textonehalf{} the height of the bell, those for the 6th partial are roughly at $\frac{1}{5}$ and $\frac{3}{5}$, for the 7th at $\frac{2}{5}$ and $\frac{4}{5}$ of the height.
Organizational discourse and communication: the progeny of Proteus

As Van Dijk (2007) proposed in the first issue of Discourse and Communication , the main purpose of this journal is to bridge the two cross-disciplines of communication and discourse studies. Given...
Moment coefficients of incompressible-flow seals with conically whirling rotors

Abstract A computational model is developed to investigate the dynamic behavior of a rotor that is in contact with a fluid, to infinitesimally small disturbance modes. The rotor here is that of an annular seal, commonly used in turbomachinery applications, with an incompressible flow in the annular clearance gap. Under consideration is an angular excitation of the rotor axis, coupled with a whirling motion around the housing centerline at a finite whirl frequency. The fluid response in this case is quantified in the form of direct and cross-coupled moment coefficients, which constitute a measure of the stiffness, damping and inertia effects of the rotor/fluid interaction. Uniqueness of the computational model stems from the manner in which the rotor eccentricity is physically perceived and subsequently incorporated. It is first established that the fluid reaction components are the result of infinitesimally small deformations of varied magnitudes that are experienced by an assembly of finite elements in the rotor-to-housing gap as the gap becomes distorted due to the rotor virtual eccentricity. The idea is then cast into a perturbation model in which the perturbation equations emerge from the flow-governing equations in their discrete finite-element form, as opposed to the differential form, which is traditionally the case. The computational model is potentially applicable to a wide range of rotor-to-housing pasage configurations where ellipticity of the passage flow field is too significant to ignore. The numerical results are compared to those obtained through an existing bulk-flow model which is particularly suited for the leakage passage in annular seals and other similarly simple passage configurations.
Spatial R wave amplitude changes during exercise: relation with left ventricular ischemia and function.

Thirty patients who exhibited increased and 65 patients decreased spatial R wave amplitude during exercise testing were compared for left ventricular function and ischemic variables. Spatial R wave amplitude was derived from the three-dimensional Frank X,Y,Z leads using computerized methods. All patients had stable coronary artery disease and they were classified into two groups: one that attained a higher (n = 48) and one a lower (n = 47) median value of maximal heart rate during exercise (161 beats/min). Within these two groups, patients with increasing or decreasing spatial R wave amplitude during exercise were analyzed for differences in oxygen consumption, exercise-induced changes in spatial R wave amplitude, ST segment depression laterally (ST60, lead X), ST displacement spatially, left ventricular ejection fraction at rest, change in left ventricular ejection fraction with exercise and thallium-201 ischemia during exercise. Significant differences were demonstrated only in exercise-induced spatial R wave amplitude changes (p It is concluded that changes in spatial R wave amplitude during exercise are not related to ischemic electrocardiographic or thallium-201 imaging changes or to left ventricular ejection fraction determined at rest or during exercise.
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. XV. Sedimentation studies of the polymerization of fibrinogen at high pH

Abstract 1. 1. The sedimentation behavior of clotting systems containing 4 g. fibrinogen/1. has been studied between pH 7.2 and 10.3 under various conditions of ionic strength and hexamethylene glycol concentration. 2. 2. In glycol-free systems at pH between 7.2 and 10, two components appear in the ultracentrifuge; their sedimentation constants identify them as activated fibrinogen f (and/or unchanged fibrinogen) and the intermediate polymers f n previously observed near pH 6 and in various inhibited systems. Most, and in some cases all, of the fibrinogen appears as f n before the moment of clotting. Above pH 10, no clotting occurs, and the proportion of fibrinogen present as polymers f n falls rapidly with increasing pH, reaching zero at pH 10.2. These statements refer to ionic strength 0.45; the critical pH above which clotting is inhibited is independent of ionic strength from 0.05 to 2, but the critical pH above which there is no polymerization at all is lowered somewhat by increasing the ionic strength. 3. 3. In the presence of hexamethylene glycol, both critical pH values are lowered somewhat; at 0.2 M glycol, for example, the critical pH for inhibition of clotting is 9.7 and that for failure of f to polymerize is 9.9. 4. 4. It is concluded from this and other evidence that the size and geometry of polymerization of the intermediate polymers f n are essentially independent of pH from 6 to 10, and that electrostatic repulsion is of little influence in limiting their growth and in preventing their formation above pH 10.2. The latter effect is attributed to change in ionization of a dissociable group. 5. 5. It is suggested that electrostatic repulsion does, however, hinder the aggregation of f n units to form fibrin strands at high pH, and that increase in repulsion with net charge is responsible for the inhibition of clotting at pH 10.
Mesh truncation in the finite‐element frequency‐domain method with a perfectly matched layer (PML) applied in conjunction with analytic and numerical absorbing boundary conditions

The perfectly matched layer (PML) concept, introduced by Berenger with the aim of synthesizing an absorbing boundary condition (ABC) for the finite-difference-time domain (FDTD) method, is modified and extended to finite-element frequency-domain (FEFD) applications. The governing equations that characterize this approach do not require the splitting of the field components of interest, nor do they involve negative conductivity parameters. The PML-type medium is employed together with analytic and numerical ABCs as its termination to obtain an improved boundary condition for the FEFD method at a limited increase in computational cost. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of two-stage manufacturing systems with buffer storage and redundant machines

SUMMARY The efficiency of an automatic transfer line can be improved by providing buffers between stages and/or installing redundant machines at selected stages. In this paper, two two-stage production-line systems where a buffer storage is provided between the production stages, are discussed. Each production stage consists of two machines in either a splitting or a stand-by arrangement.
Solution Phase Combinatorial Chemistry. Synthesis of Novel Linear Pyridinopolyamine Libraries with Potent Antibacterial Activity

Novel linear pyridinopolyamine derivatives 1−3, 7, and 8 have been synthesized as scaffolds for combinatorial drug discovery. The mono-t-Boc- and monotosyl-protected linear scaffolds 1 and 2 were obtained by a Schiff base type cyclization of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde (24) with monoprotected triamines 22 and 23 using Ni2+ as a metal template, followed by reductive cleavage and decomplexation in a one-pot procedure. The unprotected linear scaffold 3 was obtained by treating 1 with TFA. Scaffold 1 was also synthesized from the orthogonally protected pyridinopolyamine 7 which was constructed from 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)pyridine (29) in four steps. Selective deprotection of the key intermediate 7 afforded 8, which was further selectively deprotected to give scaffold 1. A combinatorial chemistry strategy involving solution phase simultaneous addition of functionalities (SPSAF) is described. Thirteen high-purity tertiary amine libraries (9−21) (total 1638 compounds) were synthesized by the SPSAF and fix last met...
A mechanism to explain the generation of earthquake lights

Explanations of how earthquake lights might arise have failed to show how large charge densities can be concentrated and sustained in a conductive Earth. A physical model is proposed, based on frictional heating of the fault, that solves this and related problems.
Henry's Law Constants of Chlorinated Ethylenes in Aqueous Alcohol Solutions: Measurement, Estimation, and Thermodynamic Analysis

Henry's law constants of tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, cis-dichloroethylene, and trans-dichloroethylene in air−aqueous alcohol systems were measured. Ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol were employed as cosolvents. Alcohol concentrations ranged from 0 to 20 vol %. Measurements were taken at temperatures from 0.2 to 70.0 °C. Using the experimental results, equations for the estimation of Henry's law constant as a function of both temperature and alcohol concentration were constructed. In addition, the Gibbs free energy (ΔdisG), enthalpy (ΔdisH), entropy (ΔdisS), and heat capacity change (ΔdisCp) associated with dissolution (solution to gas transfer) were derived by employing a linear regression analysis of the temperature dependence of the Henry's law constant.
Performance Evaluation of a High Bandwidth Liquid Fuel Modulation Valve for Active Combustion Control

At the NASA Glenn Research Center, a characterization rig was designed and constructed for the purpose of evaluating high bandwidth liquid fuel modulation devices to determine their suitability for active combustion control research. Incorporated into the rig s design are features that approximate conditions similar to those that would be encountered by a candidate device if it were installed on an actual combustion research rig. The characterized dynamic performance measures obtained through testing in the rig are planned to be accurate indicators of expected performance in an actual combustion testing environment. To evaluate how well the characterization rig predicts fuel modulator dynamic performance, characterization rig data was compared with performance data for a fuel modulator candidate when the candidate was in operation during combustion testing. Specifically, the nominal and off-nominal performance data for a magnetostrictive-actuated proportional fuel modulation valve is described. Valve performance data were collected with the characterization rig configured to emulate two different combustion rig fuel feed systems. Fuel mass flows and pressures, fuel feed line lengths, and fuel injector orifice size was approximated in the characterization rig. Valve performance data were also collected with the valve modulating the fuel into the two combustor rigs. Comparison of the predicted and actual valve performance data show that when the valve is operated near its design condition the characterization rig can appropriately predict the installed performance of the valve. Improvements to the characterization rig and accompanying modeling activities are underway to more accurately predict performance, especially for the devices under development to modulate fuel into the much smaller fuel injectors anticipated in future lean-burning low-emissions aircraft engine combustors.
Sixteenth Midwest Enzyme Chemistry Conference

Abstract The 16th annual midwest conference on enzyme chemistry, organized by Ronald Viola (Program Chair) and David Lynn (Site Chair), was held on October 12, 1996, on the campus of the University of Chicago. The meeting was organized into three sessions on the general topics: (i) Enzyme Structure, (ii) Metals and Radicals, and (iii) Drugs and Diseases. An evening poster session was also held, with over 70 posters presented, covering a wide range of enzymology. A brief synopsis of each of the major talks is given, including some relevant references to provide an entry into the current work in these areas. A complete listing of the titles and authors of the poster presentations is also included.
The Total Scattering Cross Sections of Deuterium and Oxygen for Fast Neutrons

By observations of the transmission of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$O for neutrons of discrete energies between 0.35 and 6.0 Mev and from a knowledge of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}{(\mathrm{H})}^{1}$, values of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}(\mathrm{D})$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}(\mathrm{O})$ are deduced as a function of neutron energy. ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}(\mathrm{D})$ is a monotonic function of neutron energy in this region but ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{s}(\mathrm{O})$ shows evidence for resonance phenomena.
Refereed article: Organizational structuring of the computer security function

The effectiveness of an organizational unit can be dramatically affected in a positive or negative way by its placement within the organization. Because protection of the information resource is becoming more and more critical for organizational survival, the organizational positioning of computer security is being investigated in this study. According to data gathered from 39 U.S. organizations with data or computer security administrators, the function is currently being relegated to lower levels in the organizational hierarchy. Security officers are most frequently being supervised by line managers in the IS (Information Systems) area. There are exceptions to this pattern, notably in financial institutions and government, but overall evolutionary trends of security unit initiation do not typically include high level reporting relationships. From the standpoint of the need for independent watchguards, this policy is unwise. A normative model for organizational placement of the security function is offered as a solution to the present state of affairs. Use of this prescriptive model should greatly assist IS and top corporate managers in administering the information security area.
Serum albumin and antibodies in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies, serum thyroglobulin, and carcinoembryonic antigen were assayed in sera of patients with a history of thyroid irradiation and in patients with thyroid cancer. In irradiated patients, the frequency of positive results for each test was increased above the frequency found in a control population, with a significant increase at P less than .05 for TGHA and TG levels. However, the tests (with the exception of serum thyroglobulin) did not clearly segregate irradiated patients with benign or malignant lesions from those with no clinically detectable abnormalities. Elevations of serum thyroglobulin above 300 ng/ml were found only in patients with thyroid cancer, but in these patients the diagnosis was usually clinically obvious.
Electoral Rules and Environmental Policy

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of electoral rules on environmental policymaking. Using several estimators from the program evaluation literature, we find that governments set stricter environmental policies under proportional, as opposed to majoritarian, systems.
Circuit reactivation dynamically regulates synaptic plasticity in neocortex

Circuit reactivations involve a stereotyped sequence of neuronal firing and have been behaviourally linked to memory consolidation. Here we use multiphoton imaging and patch-clamp recording, and observe sparse and stereotyped circuit reactivations that correspond to UP states within active neurons. To evaluate the effect of the circuit on synaptic plasticity, we trigger a single spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) pairing once per circuit reactivation. The pairings reliably fall within a particular epoch of the circuit sequence and result in long-term potentiation. During reactivation, the amplitude of plasticity significantly correlates with the preceding 20-25 ms of membrane depolarization rather than the depolarization at the time of pairing. This circuit-dependent plasticity provides a natural constraint on synaptic potentiation, regulating the inherent instability of STDP in an assembly phase-sequence model. Subthreshold voltage during endogenous circuit reactivations provides a critical informative context for plasticity and facilitates the stable consolidation of a spatiotemporal sequence.
Photochemical grafting and patterning of biomolecular layers onto TiO2 thin films.

TiO2 thin films are highly stable and can be deposited onto a wide variety of substrate materials under moderate conditions. We demonstrate that organic alkenes will graft to the surface of TiO2 when illuminated with UV light at 254 nm and that the resulting layers provide a starting point for the preparation of DNA-modified TiO2 thin films exhibiting excellent stability and biomolecular selectivity. By using alkenes with a protected amino group at the distal end, the grafted layers can be deprotected to yield molecular layers with exposed primary amino groups that can then be used to covalently link DNA oligonucleotides to the TiO2 surface. We demonstrate that the resulting DNA-modified surfaces exhibit excellent selectivity toward complementary versus noncomplementary target sequences in solution and that the surfaces can withstand 25 cycles of hybridization and denaturation in 8.3 M urea with little or no degradation. Furthermore, the use of simple masking methods provides a way to directly control the...
Confectionery fat analysis with high performance liquid chromatography

Natural triglyceride mixtures have been analyzed by a variety of techniques. Earlier methods, such as crystallization, were unsuitable because they were very time-consuming, required large amounts of material and were not reproducible. Later advances in chromatography gave successful separations of triglycerides but required a combination of techniques to give suitable separations. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with very efficient columns has been successfully applied to triglyceride separations on a routine basis. In the present work, triglycerides of cocoa butter as well as several replacement fats were separated by HPLC. The system consisted of a highly efficient column packed with octadecylbonded spherical silica (5 µ) and a mobile phase composed of acetone and acetonitrile. Peaks corresponding to eluted components were collected and their composition determined by gas chromatography (GC) of the corresponding methyl esters to allow unambiguous assignment of triglyceride structure to the components. A profile of the triglycerides present in such fats can be obtained within 30 min.