cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Curricular change management with Git and Drupal: A tool to support flexible curricular development workflows

The Software Enterprise at ASU aims at equipping students with practical knowledge of modern software practices through a multi-year instructional sequence that employs an iterative feedback pedagogical model in order for graduates to be adequately prepared for the workforce upon graduation. By means of the Software Enterprise Website, the community of teaching practitioners in this area having similar beliefs and approaches can find a great deal of support and free resources for the purpose of Software Engineering Education. The goal of this project is to incorporate a versioning tool to a Content Management Framework (CMF) that allows the website administrator to create, moderate and publish content revisions, particularly that of the Curricular Modules which comprise of content representing topics offered in courses, while versioning the actual content using GitHub, a web-based repository hosting service. In this case, the CMF used was Drupal 7, which is PHP-written and open-source, and provides a back-end framework for a broad range of web sites worldwide from blogs and microsites to collaborative social communities. The versioning module was developed in PHP while employing the Drupal 7 API for menu structuring and CMS integration, and the GitHub API for versioning and performing easy syncing with contents on GitHub via a RESTful interface.
Authors’ Reply to “Comments on ‘Two- and Four-Pole Tunable 0.7–1.1-GHz Bandpass-to-Bandstop Filters With Bandwidth Control”

Presents the author's reply to comments on the paper, “Comments on ‘Two- and four-pole tunable 0.7–1.1-GHz bandpass-to-bandstop filters with bandwidth control" (Du, X), IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., to be published.
Abstract 1119: Targeting tankyrases as a therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer

Tankyrases (TNKS1 and TNKS2) are members of the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family and catalyze PARsylation by using NAD+ as a substrate to modify various proteins in order to regulate various cellular processes including Wnt/β-catenin signaling. TNKS1 has been shown to be overexpressed and to be correlated with highly aggressive disease and prognosis in various types of human cancers. A small molecule inhibitor of TNKS1, XAV-939 has been proven to be a potent inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by stabilizing Axin. However, the effect of tankyrase inhibitors as potential breast cancer therapy is still under investigation. In this study, we found that TNKS1 is highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and that the expression of TNKS1 correlates with anti-proliferative efficacy of tankyrase inhibitors, XAV-939 and JW55. Also, XAV-939 treatment suppressed cell migration and invasion capabilities and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, XAV-939 reduced expression of stemness markers. It was shown that polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) functions as a positive regulator of TNKS1 protein stability. Interestingly, we found that combination treatment of XAV-939 with PLK inhibitor GW843682X significantly suppressed cell growth, clonogenic potential, migratory and invasive capabilities of breast cancer cells. The combination of XAV-939 with ionizing radiation (IR) also showed an additional therapeutic effect. Therefore, our findings highlight the important value of TNKS1 as a therapeutic target and suggest the potential for improving the clinical efficacies of tankyrase inhibitors in combination with either PLK inhibitors or radiotherapy for patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Citation Format: Maya Mathew, Loredana Campo, Jung-Lye Kim, Geun-Hyoung Ha, Eun-Kyoung Breuer. Targeting tankyrases as a therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1119. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1119
Abstract 3542: Coordination of glutamine and glucose metabolism in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. Due to early metastasis by the time it is diagnosed it advances to advanced stages and becomes unresectable. Oncogene mediated metabolic reprogramming has been shown to promote the growth, maintenance and metastasis of tumors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatic tumors route majority of glucose and glutamine for biomass generation and maintenance of redox potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between glutamine and glucose metabolism in pancreatic cancer cells. We primarily focused on the role of glutamine mediated regulation of glucose metabolism. We observed that glutamine deprivation reduces pancreatic cancer cell growth as suggested by the previous studies. We further investigated how pancreatic cancer cells adapt to glutamine deprived conditions. We observed that glucose uptake increases significantly upon glutamine deprivation. However, GLUT1 expression showed a contrasting decreased expression under conditions of glutamine deprivation. Using tandem mass spectrometry based metabolomic analysis we observed that glutamine deprivation does not alter glycolysis. However, the TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism were significantly impacted in glutamine deprived cells. We noticed a significant increase in the levels of hydroxyglutarate and succinyl CoA levels in the TCA cycle. These changes were accompanied with an increase in GSH to GSSG ratio that reflects a possibility for alternative pathways involved in redox maintenance under glutamine deprived conditions. Hence, we conclude that glutamine metabolism significantly impacts the uptake and metabolism of glucose in pancreatic cancer cells. Citation Format: Enza Vernucci, Venugopal Gunda, Surendra Shukla, Pankaj K. Singh. Coordination of glutamine and glucose metabolism in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3542. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3542
The oldest predaceous water bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera, Belostomatidae), with implications for paleolimnology of the Triassic Cow Branch Formation

Abstract. A new genus and species of predaceous water bugs, Triassonepa solensis n. gen. n. sp., is described from the Triassic Cow Branch Formation of Virginia and North Carolina (USA) based on ~36 adult specimens and 51 nymphs. This species is the oldest known member of the extant family Belostomatidae. It is placed in a new genus based on the unique structure of the raptorial foreleg, in which the tarsus is elongate and opposed to the tibia + femur. The fossil record of this family is reviewed and the paleoenvironmental implications of the species assemblage preserved in the Cow Branch Formation are discussed.
The thief’s wages: theft and human capital development

In this paper, a model is developed to investigate whether theft can be economically rational. It is shown that heterogeneity in capital accumulation rates (or â€˜learning abilityâ€™) cannot create any noticeable difference in incentives to steal. Further heterogeneity in instantaneous opportunity cost is both too low and runs in the wrong direction to have any explanatory role. However, heterogeneity in discount rates in combination with differences in initial human capital can create an incentive for theft. The model is calibrated from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997 with data from 1997 to 2011.
The Demography of Population Health

This chapter provides a conceptual overview of the healthy life expectancy framework used to examine the linkages between mortality, morbidity, and disability. Because changes in these individual-level processes sometimes combine in complex ways to generate changes in population health, the healthy life expectancy framework provides a means for summarizing these complexities that allows the development of policies targeted at improving the quality of life rather than simply improvements in the overall length of life. A general description of the measures and methods used in modeling the linkages between mortality, morbidity, and disability, and thus population health, is offered. Major gaps in current knowledge are discussed, with current and potential complementarities across key lines of research identified. Demographic models of healthy life expectancy are powerful tools in understanding population health and such models might inform individual-level analyses of health disparities within a population.
Glória e identidade na Nemeia 10 de Píndaro

O tema da “identidade” na Nemeia 10 de Pindaro parece nao ter sido tratado com suficiente atencao pelos estudiosos, que apontam, sobretudo, os topicos da amizade, lealdade e comunicacao entre deuses e homens como os topicos essenciais desta Ode. Este trabalho sublinha a importância do tema da “identidade” na Nemeia 10 de Pindaro. Nesta Ode, Pindaro enfatiza que a tradicao e os tracos inatos que constituem a identidade de uma pessoa ou cidade sao resultado nao so de heranca, mas tambem das escolhas pessoais feitas em relacao aos outros homens e aos deuses. Ela destaca tambem a intervencao dos deuses na definicao da identidade de uma pessoa ou cidade e na concessao de gloria e imortalidade.
ALL MEGA-PROJECTS ARE LOCAL? CITIZEN PARTICIPATION LESSONS FROM THE BIG DIG

This paper examines the impact of managerial philosophy on public participation. Specifically the paper explores the historical development of Boston’s Central Artery/Tunnel project, more commonly known as the Big Dig, with a particular focus on how the two men most closely associated with the conception and construction of the project approached this type of administrative reform. This paper uses the concept single and double loop learning to illuminate how each manager attempted to implement this reform.
A Functionally Defined In Vivo Astrocyte Population Identified by c-Fos Activation in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis Modulated by S1P Signaling: Immediate-Early Astrocytes ( ieAstrocytes)

Astrocytes have prominent roles in central nervous system (CNS) function and disease, with subpopulations defined primarily by morphologies and molecular markers often determined in cell culture. Here, we identify an in vivo astrocyte subpopulation termed immediate-early astrocytes (ieAstrocytes) that is defined by functional c-Fos activation during CNS disease development. An unbiased screen for CNS cells showing c-Fos activation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for multiple sclerosis (MS), was developed by using inducible, TetTag c-Fos reporter mice that label activated cells with a temporally stable, nuclear green fluorescent protein (GFP). Four-dimensional (3D over time) c-Fos activation maps in the spinal cord were produced by combining tissue clearing (iDISCO) and confocal microscopy that identified onset and expansion of GFP+ cell populations during EAE. More than 95% of the GFP+ cells showed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity-in contrast to absent or rare labeling of neurons, microglia, and infiltrating immune cells-which constituted ieAstrocytes that linearly increased in number with progression of EAE. ieAstrocyte formation was reduced by either astrocyte-specific genetic removal of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) or pharmacological inhibition by fingolimod (FTY720), an FDA-approved MS medicine that can functionally antagonize S1P1. ieAstrocytes thus represent a functionally defined subset of disease-linked astrocytes that are the first and predominant CNS cell population activated during EAE, and that track with disease severity in vivo. Their reduction by a disease-modifying agent supports their therapeutic relevance to MS and potentially other neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
Dietary Fat and Sports Performance

Abstract Dietary fat is a critical component of the training diet for athletes. General nutrition guidelines have moved away from restricting total fat intake, focusing more on the type of fat and encouraging greater consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduced intake of saturated and trans fats. Excessive fat restriction is contraindicated for endurance athletes as this may result in inadequate energy intake, leading to fatigue, poor performance, and greater risk for illness or injury. Fat intake of approximately 35% of total calories allows for adequate caloric intake and supercompensation of intramuscular triglyceride stores while providing room in the diet for carbohydrate for glycogen replacement for endurance athletes. Compelling research with high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets has shown improvement in body composition and increased fat oxidation during submaximal exercise bouts, but more assessment is necessary to determine the effects of these diets on performance.
The Mobilizing Effects of Economic Threats and Resources on the Formation of Local Occupy Wall Street Protest Groups in 2011

This paper examines how threatening economic conditions and preexisting community resources facilitated the spread of Occupy Wall Street protest groups to more than 600 counties in the continental ...
Special Session: Putting Knowledge into Action: An Abstract about Implementing Project-Based Learning across Marketing Courses and University Campuses

The purpose of higher education in general and marketing curriculum in specific is to create prepared graduates that are well equipped with knowledge and tools needed to succeed in their careers. In an attempt to match evolving needs of future employers and to keep students interested and engaged in course material, educators draw from a variety of approaches to enrich traditional lectures through real-world applications. Here, universities are increasingly incorporating “project-based learning” (PBL) opportunities to help students bridge the gap between classroom learning and practical application of textbook knowledge. While PBL models can vary from institutions to institutions, the most commonly implemented approach is a course-embedded model of PBL.
Biophysical Characterization of Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Chloroplasts Isolated from the Leaves of Eleusine coracana, an Aspartate-Type C-4 Plant III. Photochemical Activities of Subchloroplast Fragments Including Grana and Stroma Lamellae11Part II. Photosynthetic Electron and Energy Transfer Reactions, in Austr. J. Plant Physiol. 3 185—199 (1976).

Summary Subchloroplast fragments enriched in photosystem (PS) 2 ) I or PS II, and grana and stroma lamellae were isolated from the mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts of Eleusine coracana, an aspar-tate-type C-4 plant. The PS II subchloroplast fragments of both the types of chloroplasts exhibited similar capacities for ferricyanide photoreduction. However, the PS I fragments of bundle sheath chloroplasts were three times more active in PS I activity compared to those of mesophyll chloroplasts. The stroma lamellae of bundle sheath chloroplasts, basing on chl/P 700 ratio, possess a photo-synthetic unit with about half the number of chlorophyll molecules as compared to the grana and stroma lamellae of mesophyll chloroplasts; and relatively smaller than that observed with the bundle sheath chloroplast grana. In addition, the stroma lamellae of bundle sheath chloroplasts were twice more active in PS I activity compared to the grana and stroma lamellae of mesophyll chloroplasts. The results suggest that the three to four fold higher PS I activity of bundle sheath chloroplasts may be due to the presence of a greater number of smaller photosynthetic units on their stroma lamellae compared to that of mesophyll chloroplasts.
Safety outcomes in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line platinum-based regimens in the United States.

Background: We analyzed the treatment patterns and safety outcomes of the most common first-line platinum-based regimens initiated on or after non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis in a real-world setting. Methods: Based on a United States oncology electronic medical record (EMR) database, patients treated with first-line platinum-based regimens after advanced NSCLC diagnosis from September 2008 to November 2014 were analyzed. Baseline characteristics and selected adverse events during treatment [incidence proportions and incidence rates (IRs)] were described by regimen. Propensity score stratification was used to adjust for baseline characteristics differences. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards model, with paclitaxel (Pac)/carboplatin (Carbo) as reference. Subgroup analysis was conducted for elderly patients (≥70 years old). Results: The most common five regimens for the eligible patients were as follows: Pac/Carbo (n=3,009), pemetrexed (Pem)/Carbo (n=1,625), Pem/Carbo/bevacizumab (Bev) (n=735), Pac/Carbo/Bev (n=531), Pem/cisplatin (Cis) (n=357), and docetaxel (Doc)/Carbo (n=355). Highest IRs were reported for anemia, neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting across these regimens in patients of all ages. After propensity score stratification, compared with Pac/Carbo, risk of anemia was significantly lower with Pac/Carbo/Bev (HR =0.67), Pem/Cis (HR =0.68), and Pem/Carbo/Bev (HR =0.82); risk of neutropenia was comparable among all regimens except Doc/Carbo (significantly lower risk; HR =0.72); and risk of nausea (HR =1.45) and vomiting (HR =1.50) was significantly higher with Pem/Cis. Safety outcomes in elderly patients were consistent with the overall population. Conclusions: While EMR data have limitations, the real-world safety outcome with individual chemotherapy regimen could be considered for the better selection of platinum-based therapies in NSCLC.
Trends in the Adoption of Robotic Surgery for Common Surgical Procedures.

Importance Increasing use of robotic surgery for common surgical procedures with limited evidence and unclear clinical benefit is raising concern. Analyses of population-based trends in practice and how hospitals’ acquisition of robotic surgical technologies is associated with their use are limited. Objective To characterize trends in the use of robotic surgery for common surgical procedures. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used clinical registry data from Michigan from January 1, 2012, through June 30, 2018. Trends were characterized in the use of robotic surgery for common procedures for which traditional laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery was already considered a safe and effective approach for most surgeons when clinically feasible. A multigroup interrupted time series analysis was performed to determine how procedural approaches (open, laparoscopic, and robotic) change after hospitals launch a robotic surgery program. Data were analyzed from March 1 through April 19, 2019. Exposures Initiation of robotic surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures Procedure approach (ie, robotic, open, or laparoscopic). Results The study cohort included 169 404 patients (mean [SD] age, 55.4 [16.9] years; 90 595 women [53.5%]) at 73 hospitals. The use of robotic surgery increased from 1.8% in 2012 to 15.1% in 2018 (8.4-fold increase; slope, 2.1% per year; 95% CI, 1.9%-2.3%). For certain procedures, the magnitude of the increase was greater; for example, for inguinal hernia repair, the use of robotic surgery increased from 0.7% to 28.8% (41.1-fold change; slope, 5.4% per year; 95% CI, 5.1%-5.7%). The use of robotic surgery increased 8.8% in the first 4 years after hospitals began performing robotic surgery (2.8% per year; 95% CI, 2.7%-2.9%). This trend was associated with a decrease in laparoscopic surgery from 53.2% to 51.3% (difference, −1.9%; 95% CI, −2.2% to −1.6%). Before adopting robotic surgery, hospitals’ use of laparoscopic surgery increased 1.3% per year. After adopting robotic surgery, the use of laparoscopic surgery declined 0.3% (difference in trends, −1.6%; 95% CI, −1.7% to −1.5%). Conclusions and Relevance These results suggest that robotic surgery has continued to diffuse across a broad range of common surgical procedures. Hospitals that launched robotic surgery programs had a broad and immediate increase in the use of robotic surgery, which was associated with a decrease in traditional laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery.
Effect study on plan-do-check-action cyclic management and prevention of children chemotherapeutic drugs extravasation

Objective To analyze the effect of PDCA cycle management method on reducing the rate of extravasation of chemotherapeutic drugs in children.Methods PDCA cycle management mode was adopted in 71 children in chemotherapy period in the blood cancer ward from October 2009 to May 2011,and 68 children in non-chemotherapy period during the same hospitalized period were control group.Analyzed the extravasation rate and evaluate the effect of PDCA cycle management on chemotherapy extravasation.Results There were 2 cases of extravasation in chemotherapy group,with the extravasation rate of 2.82％,while there was 6 cases of extravasation in control group and the rate was 8.82％,and the difference was statistically significant (X2 =5.887,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PDCA cycle management can effectively reduce the rate of extravasation of chemotherapeutic drugs in children. Key words: Children; Plan-do-check-action cycle management; Chemotherapeutic drugs extravasation
Movements of Juvenile Winter Flounder in a Southern Maine Estuary

Overfishing and habitat loss have reduced Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter Flounder) populations within the Gulf of Maine (GOM), and despite strict management regulations, abundance is still low. As the GOM continues to warm, there is need to characterize Winter Flounder movements in estuaries to better understand essential habitat use. To characterize movements and habitat use of Winter Flounder, we tagged 17 juvenile flounder (115–170 mm) with acoustic transmitters (Vemco V7-2x) and monitored them using passive tracking over a 4-month period between July and November 2017 in the Saco River Estuary (SRE) in southern Maine. Movement within the SRE was highly variable, with cumulative movements of individual tracked flounder varying between 0 m (e.g., detected only at the release site) and 17,016 m. Tagged flounder were most often present in moderate (15–20 °C) temperatures and salinities (18–26 ppt), and were rarely observed in the highest temperatures (>20 °C) and salinities (>26 ppt). Movements upstream and downstream by flounder appeared to be tidally driven, with most downstream movements occurring during ebb tides and upstream movements during incoming tides. In addition, large flounder moved further away from freshwater, while small flounder either stayed within the river mouth's jetties or moved upstream. The speeds of flounder movements among receiver locations (mean = 4.49 body lengths per second, SE = 0.85) were much faster than expected for flatfish, potentially facilitated by use of tides. The GOM populations of Winter Flounder may benefit from management of juvenile habitat as environmental conditions change.
Effective field theory for fractional quantum Hall systems near ν = 5 / 2

This work constructs an effective field theory of fractional quantum Hall systems near the filling fraction \ensuremath{\nu}=5/2, which can map out an EFT phase diagram with non-abelian Pfaffian, anti-Pfaffian, and particle-hole Pfaffian states, and their gapless topological quantum phase transitions.
On the failure of cracks under mixed-mode loads

Fracture of plates containing a crack under mixed-mode, I and II, loading conditions is investigated. Fracture mechanisms are first examined from fracture surface morphology to correlate with the macroscopic fracture behavior. Two distinct features are observed and they are typical of shear and tensile types of failure. From this correlation, a fracture criterion based on the competition of the attainment of a tensile fracturing stress σ_C and a shear fracturing stress τ_C at a fixed distance around the crack tip is proposed. Material ductility is incorporated using τ_C/σ_C determined from classical material failure theories. The type of fracture is predicted by comparing τ_max/σ_max at r=r_C for a given mixed mode loading to the material ductilityτ_C/σ_C , i.e. τ_max/σ_max)<(τ_C /σ_C) for tensile type of fracture and (τ_max/σ_max) r (τ_C/ σ_C) for shear type of fracture. It is found that, for typical engineering structural metals with certain ductility, (1) crack propagation initiates according to the maximum hoop stress criterion when the the mode mixity is near mode I and according to the maximum shear stress criterion when the mode mixity is near mode II, and (2) the transition of the failure from tensile to shear type can be predicted by the proposed criterion. For brittle materials the maximum hoop (opening) stress always reaches the tensile fracturing stress before the maximum shear stress reaches the shear fracturing stress of the material at a crack tip. Therefore, specimens made of brittle materials tend to fail under the maximum hoop stress criterion, as demonstrated by Erdogan and Sih (1963) and others.
Integration and evaluation of robotic fused filament fabrication system

Abstract Fused filament fabrication (FFF) continues to be among the most widespread additive manufacturing process for making polymeric functional prototypes, and in several cases end-use parts. There is a large installed base of serial-link industrial robots, some of which could be potentially retrofitted with an extruder head as an end-effector to serve as FFF systems with as many as six degrees of freedom compared to 3-axis gantry mechanisms that are typically deployed today. This paper identifies and proposes solutions to key engineering challenges that arise in retrofitting such robotic FFF systems in terms of integrating robot motion controller with extruder controller and evaluating the quality of the fabricated parts. Specifically, we propose an approach for integration and real-time synchronization of controllers to ensure that the extrusion velocity and deposition velocity match closely by building upon an analytical model for predicting road geometry as a function of process parameters. Compared to gantry mechanisms, this is challenging in serial-link industrial robots because of significantly larger and space-variant inertias. Furthermore, to compensate for distortion in the bed surface of the retrofitted robotic FFF system, a bed compensation algorithm based on bilinear interpolation has been developed. We have engineered a fully functional research testbed in which integration and real-time synchronization of controllers is achieved by (1) communicating space-variant process parameters in real-time using TCP/IP sockets, and (2) analog and digital I/O interfacing. Experimental testing shows excellent ( R 2 = 0.9983) agreement between requested and actual volumetric flow rates and less than 5% errors in extrusion widths and heights in test samples fabricated across the range of physical limits of FFF process parameters. The testbed is also evaluated in terms of the impact of controller synchronization on the part dimensional accuracy for simple and complex geometries. This work can serve as a basis for further engineering innovations towards cost-effectively harnessing the capacity of industrial robots to manufacture geometrically accurate parts using FFF.
What type of democracy do Chileans want

Chile is undergoing perhaps the most dramatic reformation of any contemporary democracy and will adopt a wholly new constitution in the coming two years. Against this backdrop, in this Research Not...
Angiotensin II-induced natriuresis is attenuated in knockout mice lacking the receptors for tumor necrosis factor-α

Intravenous infusion of relatively higher doses of angiotensin II (AngII) elicits natriuresis as opposed to its usual anti-natruretic response. As AngII can induce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) production which elicits natriuresis via its action on TNFα receptor type 1 (TNFR1), we hypothesize that the concomitant release of TNFα contributes to the natriuretic response to AngII. Responses to AngII infusion (1 ng min-1 g-1 for 75 min, iv) were evaluated in anesthetized knockout (KO) mice lacking TNFR1 (n = 6) and TNFR2 (TNFα receptor type 2; n = 6) and compared these responses with those in wild type (WT; n = 6) mice. Arterial pressure (AP) was recorded from a cannula placed in the carotid artery. Renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured by PAH and inulin clearances, respectively. Urine was collected from a catheter placed in the bladder. AngII caused similar increases (p < 0.05 vs basal values) in AP (WT, 37 ± 5%; TNFR1KO, 35 ± 4%; TNFR2KO, 30 ± 4%) and decreases (p < 0.05) in RBF (WT, -39 ± 5%; TNFR1KO, -28 ± 6%; TNFR2KO, -31 ± 4%) without significant changes in GFR (WT, -17 ± 7%; TNFR1KO, -18 ± 7%; TNFR2KO, -12 ± 7%). However, despite similar changes in AP and renal hemodynamics, AngII induced increases (p < 0.05) in urinary sodium excretion in WT (3916 ± 942%) were less in the KO strains, more or less in TNFR1KO (473 ± 170%) than in TNFR2KO (1176 ± 168%). These data indicate that TNF-α receptors, particularly TNFR1 are involved in the natriuretic response that occur during acute infusion of AngII and thus, plays a protective role in preventing excessive salt retention at clinical conditions associated with elevated AngII level.
Piloting I-SLEEP: a patient-centered education and empowerment intervention to improve patients' in-hospital sleep.

Background Sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients are linked to poor recovery. In preparation for a future randomized controlled trial, this pilot study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a multi-component intervention (I-SLEEP) that educates and empowers inpatients to advocate for fewer nighttime disruptions in order to improve sleep during periods of hospitalization. Methods Eligible inpatients received I-SLEEP, which included an educational video, brochure, sleep kit, and three questions patients can ask their team to reduce nighttime disruptions. Following I-SLEEP, inpatients were surveyed on the primary feasibility outcomes of satisfaction with and use of I-SLEEP components. Inpatients were also surveyed regarding empowerment and understanding of intervention materials. Patient charts were reviewed to collect data on nighttime (11 PM-7 AM) vital sign and blood draws disruptions. Results Ninety percent (n = 26/29) of patients were satisfied with the brochure and 87% (n = 27/31) with the video. Nearly all (95%, n = 36/37) patients felt empowered to ask their providers to minimize nighttime disruptions and 68% (n = 26/37) intended to alter sleep habits post-discharge. Forty-nine percent (n = 18/37) of patients asked an I-SLEEP question. Patients who asked an I-SLEEP question were significantly more likely to experience nights with fewer disruptions due to nighttime vitals (19% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.008). Conclusion This pilot study found that I-SLEEP was well-accepted and enabled hospitalized patients to advocate for less disrupted sleep. Educating patients to advocate for reducing nighttime disruptions may be a patient-centered, low-cost strategy to improve patients' care and in-hospital experience. These results suggest that I-SLEEP is ready to be evaluated against routine care in a future randomized controlled trial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT04151251 .
Design of gate-tunable graphene electro-optical reflectors based on an optical slot-antenna coupled cavity

The unique properties of graphene offer an exciting opportunity towards tunable photonic surfaces for flexible devices. In this paper, we design a gate-tunable, free-space graphene electro-optical reflector based on cavity resonator structures. We firstly calculate the graphene refractive index n and k as a function of Fermi level and external gating voltage. Then, we designed the structure of single-layer graphene reflective resonator by carefully selecting suitable materials and device parameters to maximize the reflectance differences before and after electro-optical tuning. We also developed a theoretical model to discuss this system based on optical transition matrix method. Moreover, we used field enhancement to further increase the reflectance differences by incorporating Sn nanodots based optical slot-antenna coupled cavities (SAC). The maximum broadband, incident angle independent reflectance differences could reach 28% with an extinction ratio of 1.62 dB at a low insertion loss of 0.45 dB, and the spectral range is tunable by changing the optical cavity length. We also use indium tin oxide layer as part of the optical cavity and the electrode simultaneously to reduce the voltage applied. To our best knowledge, this work is first one on tunable 2D material reflectors for free-space applications, apart from using liquid crystals or magnetic metasurfaces. This new design of tunable 2D electro-optical reflectors also reduces the complexity of fabrication steps, having promising applications in tunable flexible photonic surfaces and devices for variable optical attenuators and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems.
Computer simulation of sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge. 3. Concentration-dependent sedimentation.

Abstract A method is described for the simulation of sedimentation velocity experiments by means of a digital computer. The present procedure is restricted to those cases in which the sedimentation coefficient is independent of concentration and the boundary is well removed from the ends of the solution column. The diffusion coefficient may be allowed to vary with concentration, and the initial boundary need not be perfectly sharp. The results of representative calculations are presented. The calculated concentration gradient curves are perfectly symmetrical. The correct sedimentation coefficients are obtained from the rate of movement of the second moment of the calculated gradient curves. The maximum ordinates of the curves move slightly more slowly than the second moments; the size of the lag is equal to that predicted on the basis of approximate solutions of the continuity equation for concentration-independent sedimentation.
Mathematical modeling of spinning elastic bodies for modal analysis.

The problem of modal analysis of an elastic appendage on a rotating base is examined to establish the relative advantages of various mathematical models of elastic structures and to extract general inferences concerning the magnitude and character of the influence of spin on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of rotating structures. In realization of the first objective, it is concluded that except for a small class of very special cases the elastic continuum model is devoid of useful results, while for constant nominal spin rate the distributed-mass finite-element model is quite generally tractable, since in the latter case the governing equations are always linear, constant-coefficient, ordinary differential equations. Although with both of these alternatives the details of the formulation generally obscure the essence of the problem and permit very little engineering insight to be gained without extensive computation, this difficulty is not encountered when dealing with simple concentrated mass models.
How does diabetes accelerate atherosclerotic plaque rupture and arterial occlusion

Risk factors for atherosclerosis, including diabetes, have been identified for many years, and, especially for lipids, we now know a great deal about how these factors contribute to the early lesion. In contrast, the mechanism or mechanisms linking these factors to the final events in atherosclerosis, that is plaque rupture and thrombotic occlusion, have remained largely speculative. This speculation has been because of a lack the ability to visualize fragile, advanced lesions in humans and a lack of animal models. Recently, however, magnetic resonance imaging tools have begun to visualize the advanced lesion and animal models with features of plaque rupture have been characterized. Thus the opportunity exists to test hypotheses linking diabetes to events in the advanced plaques. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the processes that may be responsible for increased plaque rupture and occlusion associated with diabetes.
Sputtering of gold by fast neutrons

Experiments on the sputtering of single-crystal gold by fast neutrons at temperatures less than 40 K are reported. Prior thermal-neutron activation of the gold crystals permitted a determination of the spatial distribution of sputtered atoms by autoradiography. Sputtering yields were determined by $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ counting. The neutron flux and energy spectrum were determined and damage parameters were calculated for gold. An average sputtering ratio of 8.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ sputtered gold atoms per incident neutron ($Eg0.1$ MeV) was found with an uncertainty of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}34%. The spatial distribution of sputtered atoms was found to be very nearly random. The present experiment is compared in detail with other fast-neutron sputtering experiments and theories.
A Low Feedback Scheme for WMAN MIMO Beamforming

Two techniques, i.e. differential and complementary feedbacks, are derived to reduce the feedback overhead for MIMO transmit beamforming. The unitary beamforming matrix is the cumulative product of the fed back unitary matrixes for differential feedback. The fed back matrix depicts the incremental change of the beamforming matrix and it is quantized by small vector codebooks. The overhead can be further reduced by complementary feedback for channel with N transmit and M receive antennas, where M is N or N-1. One unit vector is fed back instead of one unitary matrix. The vector corresponds to the complementary subspace of the beamforming subspace for M=N-1 or corresponds to the strongest or weakest singular mode for M=N. Simulation with 3GPP LTE settings demonstrates that both techniques can reduce the feedback overhead by more than 30% with little performance degradation
A Cytochemical Investigation of the Nuclear Changes in the Cyst Cycle of the Ciliate Telotrochidium henneguyi.

SYNOPSIS. In a cytochemical study of nuclear changes during encystment and excystment of Telotrochidium henneguyi, the micronucleus was not observed to undergo alterations to correspond with the cyst cycle. The macronucleus maintained its gross structural integrity but showed internal reorganization of its nucleic acids coinciding with encystment and excystment of the ciliate. Nucleoli forming in the macronucleus of early precyst trophozoites first appeared as Feulgen- or methyl greenpositive clumps. These increased in size, became homogeneous, accumulated nucleolar substances, and assumed a Feulgennegative or pyroninophilic character. As the nucleoli developed, the remaining macronuclear constituents imparted a variegated pattern to the macronucleus. After excystment the nucleoli disappeared and the variegated pattern in the macronucleus was lost. Nucleoli were lacking in the macronucleus of trophozoites taken from the logarithmic phase of the growth curve.
Structure optimization and folding mechanisms of off-lattice protein models using statistical temperature molecular dynamics simulation: Statistical temperature annealing.

The recently proposed statistical temperature molecular dynamics (STMD) algorithm [Kim et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 050601 (2006)] is used as the core of an optimization algorithm, statistical temperature annealing (STA), for finding low-lying energy minima of complex potential energy landscapes. Since STMD realizes a random walk in energy, the idea is simply to initiate repeated minimizations from configurations in the low-energy segments of STMD trajectories. STA is tested in structural optimization of various off-lattice $AB$ and extended $AB$ protein models in two and three dimensions with different chain lengths. New putative ground states were found for the two- and three-dimensional $AB$ 55-mer, and for the three-dimensional extended $AB$ 21-mer and 55-mer. The distinct folding features of the models are analyzed in terms of the statistical temperature and other representations of the structure of the potential energy landscape. It is shown that the characteristic behavior of the statistical temperature undergoes a qualitative change with the inclusion of a torsional potential in the extended $AB$ model, as the more rigid backbone makes the potential energy landscape more funnel-like.
Intentional Weight Loss and Dose Reductions of Anti-Diabetic Medications – A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background and Aim Intentional weight loss, primarily by improving insulin resistance, is known to decrease the need for anti-diabetic medications. In this study, we assess the magnitude of weight loss that resulted in dose reductions or discontinuation of anti-diabetic medications in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes (DM) undergoing weight loss treatment.
Kinds, Classes, and Clumps: A Preliminary Typology of Concepts and some Implications for the Study of Religions

Much mischief has been done in thinking about religion by a general failure to attend to the different kinds of concepts that the brain employs and the capabilities of each kind. The general assumption seems to have been instead that concepts are, or should be, all of the same kind. This paper attempts to redress that failure by offering a preliminary typology of concepts. It identifies three types: kinds, classes, and clumps, defined in terms of ‘essences’ (generative mechanisms), features, and (generally unbounded) sets of instances, respectively. It also points to degree of inferentiality as a property of these types that can be especially useful for thinking about religion, kinds being inference-rich, classes inference-fixed, and clumps inference-indeterminate. Although careful reflection at times transforms clumps into kinds or classes, it can also lead to the recognition that a putative kind or class may be better considered a clump. An example of the latter—hardly the only one—may be the term ‘reli...
Special needs children with speech and hearing difficulties: prevalence and unmet needs.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to establish prevalences and sociodemographic characteristics associated with parent-reported speech and hearing difficulties among children with special health care needs (CSHCN); determine unmet needs for therapy, hearing aids, and communication devices; and examine the association between unmet needs and resources such as health insurance, early intervention/special education, and a medical home. Methods Data were analyzed for 300 910 children without special health care needs and 40 723 CSHCN from the 2005–2006 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs. Prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, and unmet needs for 7132 CSHCN with speech difficulties and 1982 CSHCN with hearing difficulties were assessed. Logistic regression was used to determine the associations between unmet needs for therapy or hearing/communication devices and resources for addressing needs for therapy, hearing, and communication aids. Results The parent-reported prevalence of speech difficulty among CSHCN in the general population was 2.9% and approximately 20% among all CSHCN, in contrast to the lower prevalence of hearing difficulty (0.7% and 5%, respectively). Relative unmet need was greatest for communication devices and least for hearing aids. The strongest association with reducing unmet needs was having a medical home, and the most significant aspect of medical home was having effective care coordination. Conclusions Having a medical home is significantly associated with fewer unmet needs for therapy and hearing/communication devices among CSHCN with speech and hearing difficulties. Care coordination may constitute an important factor that allows the primary care provider to link with services that CSHCN with communication problems require.
Surface-Tension Driven Heterogeneous Integration of Thin Film Photonic Devices Using Micro-Contact Printing for Multi-Material Photonic Integrated Circuits

We introduce a surface-tension driven heterogeneous integration of thin film photonic devices using a surface wetting modification. In this process, the combination of a micro-contact printing method and plasma surface modification is used to selectively form a binding liquid on an integration host substrate. With predefined integration areas using the binding liquid, thin film GaAs photodetectors (PDs) are successfully integrated. We have demonstrated the implementation of this integration method by presenting a multi-material photonic integrated structure with integrated GaAs based thin film PDs and a polymer waveguide on a silicon substrate. The measured average misalignment of the integrated PDs was 2.8 μ m from the predefined integration locations. Stable electrical contact between the PDs and the host substrate has been confirmed with dark and photocurrent measurements. The proposed process has the potential towards a low-cost, parallel heterogeneous integration of III-V photonic devices on a silicon platform.
STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION : X. THE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF THE ISCHEMIC KIDNEY.

The consumption of oxygen by slices of renal tissue of the rabbit was studied by means of the Warburg manometric method. The ischemic kidney of the rabbit shows a definite diminution of oxygen consumption, compared with the normal kidney.
Competitive feeding behaviour of Rana pipiens and Rana clamitans

Abstract Feeding hierarchies based on competition for mealworms were reliably stable over forty-five sessions in three groups of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and in three groups of green frogs (Rana clamitans). Green frogs most commonly wrestled during competition and were markedly more vigorous than leopard frogs. Both species displayed tongue lashing and nipping in competition but neither these nor wrestling related in an obvious fashion to position in the feeding hierarchy.
IMAGES-SCAPE2: A modeling study of size- and chemically resolved aerosol thermodynamics in a global chemical transport model

[1] Chemically and size-resolved aerosol mass size distributions are simulated online using the Intermediate Model of Global Evolution of Species (IMAGES). Aerosol-phase thermodynamics is coupled to this chemical transport model using the Simulating Composition of Atmospheric Particles at Equilibrium (SCAPE2) module. Emphasis is placed on the equilibrium concentrations of aerosol ammonium, nitrate, sulfate, and water content subject to the interaction with ions from sea salt and dust. Transport for both aerosol and gas-phase species is solved using a semi-Lagrangian scheme driven by monthly mean climatological variables provided by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis. This study presents estimates of annual average dry mass size distributions at selected stations in North America and Europe. Simulations are performed to observe the major differences between the coupled IMAGES-SCAPE2 model and IMAGES alone for key aerosol species. Nitrate concentrations predicted with IMAGES-SCAPE2 compare better with observations than those calculated with IMAGES alone. Model results show that aerosol size distributions are generally bimodal. This study finds that over polluted continental regions, the presence of sea-salt and dust aerosol potentially increases the formation of sulfate by 20–80%. Nitrate formation is enhanced by 14–60%, whereas ammonium formation is decreased by 20–60%. Nitrate plays an important role to determine the size distributions in many European stations. The presence of water changes the general shape of the size distribution, placing maximum values on larger size ranges.
Sex-specific proteins in Artemia salina and their possible function in cryptobiosis

Abstract 1. 1. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that general proteins, esterase and alkaline phosphatases changed qualitatively during the ontogeny of Artemia salina. 2. 2. Sex-specific proteins were identified in the adults, in cysts and in excysted animals 24 hr after hydration. The female sex-specific proteins may be associated with the cyst-forming process in the female.