cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theory of the High Temperature Shocked Metallic State

A unified theory is presented to describe the thermodynamics of a simple metal throughout a range of densities and temperatures appropriate to recent ultrahigh pressure shock experiments. Second order pseudopotential theory is used to express the free energy in terms of state-dependent ionic pair potentials. However, because temperatures attained along the Hugoniot are very high, proper evaluation of the pseudopotential Hamiltonian requires knowledge of the dielectric and thermodynamic functions of a semidegenerate electron gas. A major part of this work thus centers on new results for the high temperature properties of an interacting electron gas. Approximate inclusion of local field corrections to the random phase approximation yields an electron gas free energy that agrees well with Monte Carlo calculations both at zero temperature and in the classical regime. By combining the semidegenerate electron gas thermodynamics with a classical variational treatment of the ionic degrees of freedom, we are able to determine a Hugoniot curve for aluminum that compares favorably with experiment.
Understanding international students' community service experiences in the United States and their impacts

Community service, a high-impact educational practice is well-established in the United States (U.S.) higher education institutions (HEIs) and offers multiple positive benefits for students. Higher education is an opportunity for students from diverse cultures to learn together and interact with host communities, and to become globally conscious citizens. Extensive literature on community service in higher education lacks the perspective and experience of international students pursuing studies in U.S.HEIs. This mixed methods study sought to understand international students’ community service experiences in the US and their impacts. What were their experiences? What did they learn? How were they impacted? What future community service engagement did they anticipate, especially on return to their home countries? Findings showed that international students had diverse, positive experiences with multiple impacts. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors influenced engagement in community service. Most international students intended to engage in future community service. Their suggestions and the researcher’s insight can guide international students and higher education practitioners in supporting international students’ engagement in community service in U.S. HEIs. Keywords: Students’ community service, international students, higher education. RESUMEN El servicio comunitario, es una practica educativa de alto impacto bien establecida en las instituciones de educacion superior de los Estados Unidos (EE. UU.) Y ofrece multiples beneficios positivos para los estudiantes. La educacion superior es una oportunidad para que los estudiantes de diversas culturas aprendan juntos e interactuen con las comunidades de acogida y se conviertan en ciudadanos globalmente conscientes. La extensa literatura sobre el servicio comunitario en la educacion superior carece de la perspectiva y la experiencia de los estudiantes internacionales que estudian en las EE. UU. Este estudio de metodos mixtos busco comprender las experiencias de los estudiantes internacionales en servicios comunitarios en los Estados Unidos y sus impactos. ?Cuales fueron sus experiencias? ?Que aprendieron? ?Como fueron impactados? ?Que compromiso futuro de servicio comunitario esperaban, especialmente al regresar a sus paises de origen? Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes internacionales tenian experiencias diversas y positivas con multiples impactos. Los factores intrinsecos y extrinsecos influyeron en la participacion en el servicio comunitario. La mayoria de los estudiantes internacionales tenian la intencion de participar en futuros servicios comunitarios. Sus sugerencias y la vision del investigador pueden guiar a los estudiantes internacionales ya los profesionales de la educacion superior en el apoyo a la participacion de los estudiantes internacionales en el servicio comunitario en las instituciones de educacion superior de los Estados Unidos. Palabras clave: Servicios comunitarios de estudiantes, estudiantes internacionales, educacion superior.
Analytical Approximations for a Class of Strongly Nonlinear Forced Vibration Systems

A strongly cubic nonlinear forced vibration system with single degree of freedom is investigated by means of homotopy analysis method(HAM).Different from other approximate computational method,the HAM is totally independent of small physical parameters,and thus is suitable for most nonlinear problems.The HAM provides us with a great freedom to choose base functions of solution series,so that a nonlinear problem may be approximated more effectively.The HAM adjusts and controls progression solution convergence region and the convergence rate through the introduction of auxiliary parameters and auxiliary functions.Therefore it opens up a new approach to the solution of analytical approximation of non-linear problems,and is especially suitable for strong non-linear problems.The computation results indicate that this method can not only solve the steady state solution but also calculate the unsteady state solution,and has good computational accuracy.
Comparison of a Fast 5-Minute Shoulder MRI Protocol With a Standard Shoulder MRI Protocol: A Multiinstitutional Multireader Study

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of a 5-minute shoulder MRI protocol consisting of multiplanar 2D fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences with parallel imaging to that of a standard shoulder MRI protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective review of 151 3-T MRI examinations of shoulders of 147 patients (mean age, 46.95 years) and 50 1.5-T MRI examinations of shoulders of 50 patients (mean age, 53.74 years) with four fast and five standard sequences from two academic centers between January 2014 and April 2015 was performed by three musculoskeletal radiologists. Interchangeability of fast and standard MRI was tested by comparing interprotocol (fast vs standard) interreader agreement with standard MRI interreader agreement. Interreader agreement was also compared using kappa statistics. The frequency of major findings was compared using an adjusted McNemar test. Sensitivity and specificity of MRI were measured for 51 patients who underwent surgery. RESULTS. Interprot...
Abstract #4687: OSU-HDAC42, a novel HDAC inhibitor, exhibits biologic activity against human and canine malignant mast cells through both histone dependent and HSP90 dependent pathways

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO Epigenetic changes including DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation are found in many cancers. Evidence suggests that inhibition of histone deacetylation by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can modulate some of these epigenetic changes in tumors, resulting in anti-tumor effects. In addition to histones, modification of non-histone targets such as HSP90 and transcription factors by HDACis may also play a role in their anti-cancer activities. Preliminary data from our laboratory and others indicate that HDACis have biologic activity against malignant mast cell disease, although the mechanism of this activity is not completely understood. The purpose of the following studies was to investigate the histone-dependent and histone-independent mechanisms of HDAC inhibition in malignant mast cells in vitro and ex vivo . Human and canine malignant mast cell lines and fresh canine malignant mast cells were treated with OSU-HDAC42 (a novel phenylbutyrate-based HDACi) and 17-AAG (an HSP90 inhibitor) and the effects on cell viability, cell cycling, cell invasion, histones and several signaling pathways were evaluated. OSU-HDAC42 induced hyperacetylation of H3, H4 and \#945;-tubulin and upregulation of p21. OSU-HDAC42 and 17-AAG downregulated the expression and/or phosphorylation of Kit, Akt, Her2/Neu, Stat3, and Stat5. Both drugs disrupted HSP90 chaperone function, as evidenced by dissociation of HSP90 and Kit in malignant mast cells as well as upregulation of HSP70 following treatment. 17-AAG, but not OSU-HDAC42, prevented Stat3 nuclear translocation. Treatment of malignant mast cell lines with OSU-HDAC42 induced loss of cell viability, cell cycle arrest, induction of caspase-3,7 activity and apoptosis that was Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL independent. OSU-HDAC42 and 17-AAG blocked the invasion of malignant mast cell lines, possibly through downregulation of MMP9 and FAK. Lastly, OSU-HDAC42 induced the activation of caspase-3,7 in fresh canine malignant mast cells ex vivo (n=15) resulting in their apoptosis. As with the mast cell lines, downregulation of Kit and hyperacetylation of H3 and H4 were observed in the fresh malignant mast cells. In conclusion, the HDACi OSU-HDAC42 exhibits biologic activity against human and canine malignant mast cells in vitro and ex vivo through both histone-dependent and HSP90-dependent pathways, representing a promising new therapeutic approach for malignant mast cell disease. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4687.
Carry-over effects of larval microclimate on the transmission potential of a mosquito-borne pathogen

Climate shapes the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens through impacts on both the vector and the pathogen. In addition to direct effects of the environment, carry-over effects from previous life history stages can influence mosquito traits relevant to disease transmission. While this has been explored in a laboratory setting, the net effect of temperature-mediated carry-over effects due to relevant environmental variation in the larval stage is ambiguous. Here, we use data collected from a semi-field experiment investigating dengue dynamics in Aedes albopictus across a natural environmental gradient to parameterize a dengue transmission model. We reared Ae. albopictus across three different land classes characterized by their proportion of impervious surface. Emerged females were offered a dengue infectious bloodmeal, kept at a constant 27°C, and assayed for infection, dissemination, and infectiousness 21 days post infection. Incorporating carry-over effects of larval environment on measures of vector competence resulted in lower predicted dengue transmission potential across land class and season, however a strong positive relationship with larval environmental temperature remained. Given the significant impact of carry-over effects, future mechanistic models of disease transmission should include both direct and carry-over effects of environmental temperature.
Unintended Consequences of State-led Development: A Theory of Collective Opposition to Neoliberalism

The mass mobilizations against neoliberal reforms are rooted in the weakening of the state-led development model and the erosion of social citizenship rights. At the same time, infrastructures created by the developmental state provide the organizational capacity to resist market-driven globalization. The study develops a conceptual framework for understanding the major arenas of state-led development in the twentieth century in relation to the infrastructures and organizations that mobilize social movement campaigns against neoliberalism in the twenty-first century. Special attention is given to public education, health care, public utilities, state subsidies, and transportation networks as laying the foundation for civil society9s ability to collectively defend social protections granted in the preglobalization era in the global South.
Phase variable switching of in vivo and environmental phenotypes of Salmonella typhimurium

Previously it was shown that S. typhimurium strain 798, which is known to cause persistent asymptomatic infections in pigs, exists in two phenotypes. One phenotype, which is called adhesive, was shown to produce pili, is adhesive to porcine enterocytes, is readily phagocytized, and then survives intracellularly in phagocytes. The other phenotype, termed non-adhesive, does not produce pili, does not attach to enterocytes, is phagocytized less efficiently, and does not survive within the phagocyte. Cells in each phenotype can freely switch to the other phenotype at a fairly high frequency and thus the shift between each phenotype is phase variation. Further analysis of these phenotypes identified 4 additional characteristics that were co-regulated by phase variation. The first is the enterocyte-specific adhesin, which was shown to be type 1 fimbriae. Mutations in fimA, the major pilin molecule, led to a decreased ability to colonize the gut of pigs and mice. The second characteristic is O-antigen production. Adhesive cells produce a long O-antigen (up to 18 subunits) while non-adhesive cells do not (only 1–2 subunits). The long O-antigen produced by the adhesive cells leads to resistance to serum and appears to be the result of phase variable expression of rfaL.A third locus, ebu, has been identified based on differential color production of colonies growing on Evans blue-Uranine plates. The relationship of this trait to in vivo survival or virulence is not known but ebu is genetically related to a family of transcriptional activators. The fourth locus, prv is located on the virulence plasmid and a mutation in prv results in delayed time to death in mice. It is hypothesized that the adhesive phenotype is the in vivo, virulent form, while the non-adhesive phenotype is the environmental, avirulent form. By modulating the fraction of cells in each phase, persistent asymptomatic infections can be promoted.
Application of Food-Grade Ingredients to Nets for Dry Cured Hams to Control Mite Infestations

Infestations of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank; Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae), known as the ham mite, may occur on dry cured hams during the aging process. The fumigant methyl bromide is currently used to control mite infestations, but it will eventually not be available for use since it contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer. The use of ham nets treated with xanthan gum, carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, and propylene glycol food-grade ingredients on mite orientation to or oviposition on treated or untreated ham cubes, and mite reproduction and population growth over a 10-wk period was evaluated. Behavioral tests indicated that more than 95% of the mites oriented to the ham cubes that were wrapped in untreated nets when compared to treated nets and no eggs were laid on the latter. The reproduction assays demonstrated that there were fewer (P < 0.05) T. putrescentiae produced over a 2-wk period on ham cubes covered with both gum and propylene glycol treated nets, when compared to the untreated or gum-only treated nets over the 10-wk storage period of the experiment. Medium and high concentrations of propylene glycol treatments showed the lowest reproductive rates of mites. No more than 4 mites could be found on each of these treatments in comparison to 200 to 300 mites that were recorded on the untreated hams. This study demonstrated efficacy of using the nets treated with food-grade ingredients during ham aging to control mite infestations on a laboratory scale. Further research will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the same treated nets on whole hams in commercial aging rooms.
Angle- and Momentum-Resolved Photoelectron Velocity Map Imaging Studies of Thin Au Film and Single Supported Au Nanoshells

Transverse (2D) photoelectron velocity distributions are directly measured on 10 nm Au film and single Au nanoshells following multiphoton excitation/photoemission. This unique capability is achieved by combining scanning photoemission microscopy with velocity map imaging, yielding photoelectron spectra as a function of diffraction-limited position on a sample. Detailed 3D photoelectron velocity distributions are retrieved for Au film by fitting the 2D data with a ballistic (three-step) photoemission model, where contributions from two-photon, three-photon, and d-band processes are identified and further characterized as a function of photon energy using a broadly tunable, visible femtosecond optical parametric oscillator. These techniques are further applied to investigate the more complex behaviors of single plasmonic Au nanoshells with silica cores. The strong plasmonic near- and far-field signatures are first characterized via optical and photoemission measurements, along with theoretical methods (Mie...
High performance uncertainty quantification analysis of RF devices

We present a high-performance, integrated environment for uncertainty quantification (UQ) and reliability analysis (RA) of Vacuum Electronic RF devices based on Sandia National Lab's DAKOTA toolkit, NRL's GPU-accelerated, 3D Electromagnetic PIC code Neptune, and AFRL's Galaxy Simulation Builder productivity tool for distributed high-performance computing. The environment allows for UQ studies of RF devices to be incorporated in the device design process and to be deployed, carried out, monitored and analyzed in an efficient, user-friendly, robust, and flexible manner, using a diverse variety of high-end parallel computing resources.
Follow-up of Patients with Clear-Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Vagina and Cervix

Clear-Cell Adenocarcinoma and DES Exposure Among 695 women with clear-cell carcinoma of the vagina and cervix who were followed for a median of nearly 23 years, 5-year survival was 86% among women with documented diethylstilbestrol exposure and 81% among those without such exposure.
Synthesis of 13C6‐labeled, dual‐target inhibitor of cannabinoid‐1 receptor (CB1R) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)

Cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1 R) antagonists/inverse agonists have great potential in the treatment of metabolic disorders like dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonists have also been reported to be effective in mitigating fibrotic disorders in murine models. Inducible nitric oxide synthase is another promising target implicated in fibrotic and inflammatory disorders. We have disclosed MRI-1867 as a potent and selective, peripherally acting dual-target inhibitor of the CB1 R and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Herein, we report the synthesis of [13 C6 ]-MRI-1867 as a racemate from commercially available chlorobenzene-13 C6 as the starting, stable-isotope label reagent. The racemic [13 C6 ]-MRI-1867 was further processed to the stable-isotope-labeled enantiopure compounds using chiral chromatography. Both racemic [13 C6 ]-MRI-1867 and S-13 C6 -MRI-1867 will be used to quantitate unlabeled S-MRI-1867 during clinical drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies and will be used as a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry bioanalytical standard.
Mechanisms for Microvascular Cell Activation: Pancreatic Digestive Enzyme Derived Inflammatory Mediators in Shock

A key feature that serves to control the behavior of the microcirculation is the state of cell activation (64). In healthy individuals without cardiovascular complications or risk factors, leukocytes, platelets, endothelial cells or mast cells are in a low state of activation. There are low numbers of leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes) adhering to microvascular endothelium, no platelet adhesion or aggregation, and the endothelial permeability is low. The arterioles exhibit strong autoregulatory control, the capillary perfusion is extraordinarily stable and there is little evidence for blood cell swelling or plasma coagulation. This is the state of the microcirculation without any complications.
Measurement of Conical Intersection Dynamics by Impulsive Femtosecond Polarization Spectroscopy

The ∼100 fs anisotropy decay from 0.4 toward 0.1 after excitation of a degenerate transition in a square molecule can be predicted from quantum beats of asymmetric vibrations and curve crossing at a conical intersection.
C. Elegans TGF-β Signaling Pathways

The basic building blocks of the TGF-β pathway are ubiquitous in animals, but given that it is a regulatory pathway, the functions of the pathways vary depending on the organism and cell type. C. elegans has two TGF-β superfamily signaling pathways that incorporate ligands, receptors, and Smads. There is an interesting ligand, unc-129, that does not appear to require conventional TGF-β superfamily receptors and Smads. In addition, two other TGF-β superfamily ligands have been identified. In some cases, aspects of TGF-β signaling have been modified in C. elegans
Erythropoietin production in response to anemia or hypoxia in the newborn rat

Erythropoietin production in response to hypoxic-hypoxia is markedly reduced in the newborn when compared to the adult rat. This response improves steadily with age and reaches adult values at about 4 wk. When animals of the same age are stimulated with anemic-hypoxia, considerably higher levels of erythropoietin are found. The erythropoietin level is proportional to the degree of anemia and independent of the age of the animal. Extraction of erythropoietin from tissue homogenates revealed a parallelism between the plasma and kidney erythropoietin content, while no erythropoietin could be extracted from liver tissue at any age. The lack of response to hypoxia in the newborn appears to be related to the high hemoglobin oxygen affinity during the neonatal period, which facilitates oxygen loading. Newborn rats have a very low intraerythrocytic concentration of 2-3 DPG and a marked shift to the left in the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve that slowly increases to adult values at 4 wk of age. The response to anemia on the other hand, appears to be normal and not affected by age or by hemoglobin oxygen affinity. These studies suggest that the newborn rat, when properly stimulated, is able to produce normal amounts of erythropoietin, most likely renal in origin.
Muscular Causes of Exercise Intolerance in Horses

The muscular system of the horse is remarkable in its athletic scope and capacity to adapt to the demands placed on it. Muscular fatigue often causes exercise intolerance in horses as a primary muscular dysfunction or secondary to abnormalities in other integrated systems such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, or skeletal system. This article reviews basic muscular physiology leading to a discussion of the physiologic causes of muscular fatigue. In addition, a review of pathologic muscle disorders such as muscle strains and exertional myopathies that lead to poor performance is provided.
Identification of potentially actionable molecular alterations in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

e15635Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been applied to early stage HCCs; however, it is unclear if NGS is feasible or clinically meaningful for advanced HCC patients (...
De los círculos de ideas a los círculos de cultura: la emancipación humana entre el debate neohumanista y la educación popular

The presence and philosophical, political and pedagogical centrality of the question for the emancipation in the nineteenth and twentieth century thinkers, mainly the presence of the idea in the training proposal (Bildung) in the neohumanist pedagogues of the Germany of the early 19th century. For Humboldt and Herbart, formation is possible only in defense of the human condition as a possibility of change, as a transformation, hence the pretension to generate from the formation a pedagogical - philosophical resistance to the absolutist theses of the time.
Teaching Video NeuroImages: Ictal vomiting in a child.

A 22-month-old boy presented with repetitive vomiting. The vomiting was occasionally associated with behavioral arrest, right arm jerking, and rightward head deviation. Video EEG revealed ictal vomiting localized to the left temporal head region (video 1). The MRI showed left hemisphere polymicrogyria, particularly in the left temporal lobe (figure). The seizures remained intractable despite multiple antiepileptic medications (levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and lacosamide). Ictal vomiting is a rare seizure semiology with a few distinctive features.1 It is reported in 2.7% of children and hypothesized to be associated with insular cortex involvement during a seizure.2,3
Reconstruction of Reflector Surface Deformations using Back-Projection

One of the primary reconstruction techniques of Classical Tomography incorporates theBack-Projection algorithm. The proposed verification experiment includes a flat reflector fed by a pyramidal horn of a typical gain of 15 dB, and a Near-Field (NF) Open Ended Wave Guide (OEWG). Two hemispherical deformations i.e. dings are made on the reflector. Using Projection Slice Theorem, the Far-Field (FF) radiation pattern is mapped on to the reflector aperture surface. The key objective of the experiment is to determine the exact location of the dings. Using the NF data of the original flat reflector and the deformed reflector, the differential field amplitude and phase values are extracted. The surface deformations are revealed using the difference between two back projected slices. An 8’X8’ vertical planar NF scanner is used to obtain the reflector measurements. Both the horn and thr OEWG operate between 8.2 GHz – 12.4 GHz.
Isolated Thoracic Aortic Takayasu Arteritis Presenting as Presumed Mobile Aortic Thrombus

Isolated aortic mural thrombus (AMT) is an infrequent occurrence in the setting of an otherwise normal aorta and is a similarly rare occurrence in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). As such, consensus on optimal treatment strategy does not exist, however, invariably necessitates anticoagulation. We report a case of a 21-year-old female who presented with acute chest pain with an isolated descending thoracic AMT on imaging. Diagnosis was elusive after an exhaustive, multidisciplinary evaluation including structural, hypercoagulable, and rheumatologic etiologies. After hypertension control and anticoagulation, she was asymptomatic without embolic sequelae. We proceeded with thoracic aortic resection with interposition reconstruction for the dual function of treatment and definitive diagnosis revealing TAK. This demonstrates a curious presentation of TAK with an equally atypical complication managed with surgery.
Exploiting Correlation for Query Resolution in Multi-attribute Structured Peer-to-Peer Networks

A novel structured P2P architecture is presented for multi-attribute query search. The architecture uses a Ring-of-Rings topology, combined with a Bloom-filter based resolution scheme and a caching strategy to efficiently resolve queries for correlated attributes. The overlapped ring mechanism allows the system to adapt to the correlations among contents. Results indicate that using caching scheme and overlapped ring architecture produces nearly 63% reduction in latency in response, 67% reduction in hop counts and 16.4% reduction in cost of communication compared to the conventional methodologies. The results obtained in our proposed methodology has logarithmic time complexity and constant space complexity.
Approaches for single channel large area silicon photomultiplier array readout

We present the results of experiments applying a large area tiled array of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) to gamma ray spectroscopy with 50.8 mm diameter NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) scintillators and 25.4 mm diameter CeBr3. These scintillators are many times larger than an individual SiPM, the largest of which are 36 mm2 at present. This work compares two methods of summing 64 SiPMs into a single output signal for use with standard charge integration electronics. The methods are a straightforward passive method, which simply combines all anode and cathodes together, and an active method, which employs high bandwidth op-amps in a summing topology. Comparisons are also made to a high quantum efficiency photomultiplier tube (PMT) for both resolution and pulse shape. Resolution and noise floor are satisfactorily comparable to the PMT from 21 keV to 2614 keV. The passive method provides the most straightforward approach, and slightly better energy resolution than the active method. The active method shows a substantially faster pulse rise time and undistorted fall time compared to the passive method.
Survivability issues in wdm optical networks

WDM optical networks make it possible for the bandwidth of transport networks to reach a level on which any failures would cause tremendous data loss and affect a lot of users. Thus, survivability issues of WDM optical networks have attracted a lot of research work. Within the scope of this dissertation, two categories of problems are studied, one is survivable mapping from IP topology to WDM topology, the other is p-cycle protection schemes in WDM networks. Survivable mapping problem can be described as routing IP links on the WDM topology such that the IP topology stays connected under any single link failure in the WDM topology. This problem has been proved to be NP-complete [1]. At first, this dissertation provides a heuristic algorithm to compute approximated solutions for input IP/WDM topologies as an approach to ease the hardness of it. Then, it examines the problem with a different view, to augment the IP topology so that a survivable mapping can be easily computed. This new perspective leads to an extended survivable mapping problem that is originally proposed and analyzed in this dissertation. In addition, this dissertation also presents some interesting open problems for the survivable mapping problem as future work. Various protection schemes in WDM networks have been explored. This dissertation focuses on methods based on the p-cycle technology. p-Cycle protection inherits the merit of fast restoration from the link-based protection technology while yielding higher efficiency on spare capacity usage [2]. In this dissertation, we first propose an efficient heuristic algorithm that generates a small subset of candidate cycles that guarantee 100% restorability and help to achieve an efficient design. Then, we adapt p-cycle design to accommodate the protection of the failure of a shared risk link group (SRLG). At last, we discuss the problem of establishing survivable connections for dynamic traffic demands using flow p-cycle.
Concentration of Fe(3+)-Triapine in BEAS-2B Cells

An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method was used to determine the concentration of the antitumor agent Triapine in BEAS-2B cells when Triapine was bound to iron (Fe). Knowledge of the concentration of Fe-Triapine in tumor cells may be useful to adjust the administration of the drug or to adjust iron uptake in tumor cells. An EPR spectrum is obtained for Fe(3+)-Triapine, Fe(3+)(Tp)2+, in BEAS-2B cells after addition of Fe(3+)(Tp)2+. Detection of the low spin signal for Fe(3+)(Tp)2+ shows that the Fe(3+)(Tp)2+ complex is intact in these cells. It is proposed that Triapine acquires iron from transferrin in cells including tumor cells. Here, it is shown that iron from purified Fe-transferrin is transferred to Triapine after the addition of ascorbate. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the EPR method has been used to determine the concentration of an iron antitumor agent in cells.
Interrogating rainwater harvesting as Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Urbanism

Abstract For the first time in history, the global population is more concentrated in urban spaces than in rural areas. Population growth, climate change, and increasing stress on water resources evidence the urgency of adopting more sustainable urban water management practices. Drawing on contributions from the literature on informality, Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Urbanism, and urban rainwater harvesting, we investigate DIY Urbanism as a specific type of informality and as a strategy for citizen action to push local governments to adopt and institutionalize water sustainability initiatives. Taking the city of Tucson, Arizona, a pioneer of arid urban rainwater harvesting practices, as a case study, we examine rainwater harvesting as a proposed sustainable urban water management practice for a water-stressed city with aging infrastructure and a growing population particularly vulnerable to a changing climate. Based on interviews, stakeholder meetings, and document analysis, this paper examines several elements of the rainwater harvesting movement in Tucson that both mesh with and differ from other types of informality. We find that although rainwater harvesting contributes to the vision of an urban utopia for some local activists and NGO actors, for those working within the municipal bureaucracy, it may be viewed as an attack on social order and private resource rights. Despite some loss of autonomy in implementing DIY Urbanism after its institutionalization and emerging maintenance issues, DIY Urbanists in Tucson continue to challenge official authority to remake the city. We caution that the subsequent institutionalization of urban rainwater harvesting should not further institutionalize inequities in access but rather promote greater water democracy in cities.
Collapse mechanism of the thin-walled functionally graded cylinders encased in the saturated permeable mediums

Abstract This paper investigates the stability behavior of the thin-walled functionally graded material (FGM) cylinders encased in the saturated permeable mediums. Water pressure generates at the outer surface of the cylinder, resulting in “single-lobe” or “two-lobe” deformations due to the confinement of the medium. The critical buckling pressure of the FGM cylinder is obtained analytically by exploring the total potential energy function. It is found that the two-lobe deformation sustains a higher pressure capacity than the single-lobe deformation. A two-dimensional (2D) finite element model (FEM) is developed to obtain the maximum pressure (buckling pressure) by plotting the pressure-displacement equilibrium curves. The comparison shows that the analytical solutions are in very close agreement with the numerical results in terms of the buckling pressure, as well as the equilibrium paths. Finally, the effect of volume fraction exponent ( n ) on the hoop strain, stress, force and bending moment through the cylinder wall is fully examined, indicating the non-symmetrical distribution of the material properties to the mid-surface of the FGM cylinder has a significant influence on the buckling pressure.
Multi-agent adaptive estimation with consensus in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces

This paper presents a framework for online adaptive estimation of unknown or uncertain systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODEs) that characterize a multiagent sensor network. This paper extends recent results in [2], [36] and here the nonlinear ODEs are embedded in the real, vector-valued reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) $\mathbb{H}:=H^{N}$ with $H$ a real, scalar RKHS. Each agent casts its local representation of the unknown function $f$ as a member of the RKHS H. The result defines a distributed parameter system that governs the state estimates and estimates of the unknown function. The convergence of state estimates is proven along similar lines to that encountered in conventional adaptive estimation for systems of unknown nonlinear ODEs. The analysis of the parameter estimates, which is studied by an evolution in Euclidean space in conventional methods, now concerns the convergence of error functions in the RKHS. We show that the convergence of the function estimates to the unknown function in the RKHS is guaranteed provided a newly introduced persistency of excitation (PE) condition holds. This PE condition is defined on functions defined over a subset $\Omega$ that contains the trajectory of the true dynamic system. It can be viewed as an extension of the notion of partial persistence of excitation to the RKHS embedding framework.
An Improved Free Energy Perturbation FEP+ Sampling Protocol for Flexible Ligand-Binding Domains

Recent improvements to the free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations, especially FEP+ , established their utility for pharmaceutical lead optimization. Herein, we propose a modified version of the FEP/REST (i.e., replica exchange with solute tempering) sampling protocol, based on detail studies on several targets by probing a large number of perturbations with different sampling schemes. Improved FEP+ binding affinity predictions for regular flexible-loop motions and considerable structural changes can be obtained by extending the prior to REST (pre-REST) sampling time from 0.24 ns/λ to 5 ns/λ and 2 × 10 ns/λ, respectively. With this new protocol, much more precise ∆∆G values of the individual perturbations, including the sign of the transformations and decreased error were obtained. We extended the REST simulations from 5 ns to 8 ns to achieve reasonable free energy convergence. Implementing REST to the entire ligand as opposed to solely the perturbed region, and also some important flexible protein residues (pREST region) in the ligand binding domain (LBD) has considerably improved the FEP+ results in most of the studied cases. Preliminary molecular dynamics (MD) runs were useful for establishing the correct binding mode of the compounds and thus precise alignment for FEP+ . Our improved protocol may further increase the FEP+ accuracy.
Internalizing problems of youth involved in bullying via different participant role combinations and gender

Abstract The purpose of the current study was to identify how defending behaviors in bullying overlap with bullying behaviors and victimization experiences using an empirical approach. Furthermore,...
AUTHOR'S NOTE: IN THE SPIRIT OF TRANSPARENCY

As Author of this book, I have some confessions to make and want to share some information, because this is not an ordinary corporate biography. Historians write most corporate histories, and usually they are trained at the PhD level in business history. Many other histories are written by long-serving employees of a company who are not formally trained as historians but are clearly interested in and knowledgeable about the events of their company. The historians tend to write in the third person, never using the word "I," and are distant in their presentation of the history of the firm. The employees tell more stories, are more interested in the culture of the company, and could not care less about what theoretical constructs the academics are introducing or illustrating. The first group wants to demonstrate Chandlerian historiography or some other paradigm; the second group has only read other histories of the firm they are writing about.
Effects of Nonstructural Wall in Progressive Failure of Coastal Residential Buildings Subjected to Strong Winds

AbstractWith many natural hazards impacting coastal communities, the resilience of low-rise residential wood buildings (LRWBs) in the community has been critical. To better understand structural pe...
Morphometric study for the intracranial portion of the vertebral artery in human cadavers

Abstract Among posterior circulation arteries, the intracranial vertebral artery (ICVA) has been given the least attention, especially concerning treatment of occlusive lesions. Early clinicopathological studies showed that the ICVA was often occluded in patients with lateral medullary and posterior inferior cerebellar infarcts. Therefore, identification and description of ICVA variations existing in length, degree of union of the left & right vertebral arteries is crucial as it accounts for the arterial blood delivery to the hindbrain and will be more displayed if pathologies exist. Cerebral angioarchitecture is so valid in interventional radiology to address diagnosis as well for neurosurgeons. Ten human formalin fixed brain specimens obtained from cadavers, donated for study purpose, were under examination in the Department of Biology at Chatham University (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Dissection procedure was undertaken according to the dissection manual Grant dissector, with modifications. Variations existing in length, degree of union of left & right vertebral arteries using the digital Vernier caliper, were observed with a magnifying glass. Results indicate the mean external diameter as 3.72 mm for the LVA and 3.79 mm for the RVA. The angle between LVA & RVA ranged from 51° degrees to 91° degrees. There is a significant correlation between the angle and the differences in the external diameter of the LVA & RVA [r = −0.656, n = 10, p = 0.0394]. These factors play a crucial role in the arterial blood delivered to the hindbrain and will be more displayed if pathologies exist.
Abstract IA15: Inflammatory memory and tumorigenesis

Our body’s epithelia are barriers that interface with the terrestrial environment and routinely experience inflammation. Although a vast majority of these inflammatory reactions resolve, they imprint the tissue with a memory. Cells of the immune system are traditionally thought to be the bearers of this memory, allowing them to react faster to subsequent inflammatory pressures. Yet, barrier tissues are composites of epithelial, mesenchymal, nervous, vascular, and immunological networks working in unison to sustain optimal function. I discuss the enduring impact of inflammatory exposures on the skin epithelia and in particular on their long-lived stem cells, and the implications for such inflammatory training in tumor predisposition. Citation Format: Shruti Naik. Inflammatory memory and tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr IA15.
Loop-Erasure of Planar Brownian Motion

We use a coupling technique to prove that there exists a loop-erasure of the time-reversal of a planar Brownian motion stopped on exiting a simply connected domain, and that the loop-erased curve is a radial SLE2 curve. This result extends to Brownian motions and Brownian excursions under certain conditioning in a finitely connected plane domain, and the loop-erased curve is a continuous LERW curve.
A statistical model for predicting size effects on the yield strength in dislocation-mediated crystal plasticity

Abstract A unified statistical dislocation-mediated crystal plasticity model is proposed to understand how the sample size affects the yield strength of metals in different crystal systems, namely, single crystals, columnar-grain structured thin films, and polycrystals. The model takes into account the randomness of the pre-existing dislocation network, grain orientation, and grain size to predict the crystal strength as a function of the extrinsic (i.e. sample dimensions) and intrinsic (i.e. microstructural dimensions) length scales. The model is shown to rigorously capture the effect of size across all three crystal systems, i.e. convergence, scatter and overall trend of the strength, and the results are in good agreement with published experimental and simulation results. The developed model provides an accurate and efficient approach to predict the yield strength in metals.
Functional Characterization of the Human Islet Microvasculature Using Living Pancreas Slices

Pancreatic islets are clusters of endocrine cells that secrete different hormones to regulate blood glucose levels. Efficient hormone secretion requires a close interaction of endocrine cells with their vascular system. Islets receive blood through feeding arteriole(s) that branch into capillaries made of endothelial cells covered by pericytes. While a lot is known about rodent islet blood vessels, the structure and function of the human islet microvasculature has been less investigated. In this study, we used living pancreas slices from non-diabetic human donors to examine the function of human islet blood vessels. Living human pancreas slices were incubated with a membrane permeant calcium indicator and pericytes/smooth muscle cells were visualized with a fluorescent antibody against the mural cell marker NG2 proteoglycan. By confocal microscopy, we simultaneously recorded changes in the diameter of lectin-labeled blood vessels and cytosolic calcium levels in mural cells in islets. We tested several stimuli with vasoactive properties, such as norepinephrine, endothelin-1 and adenosine and compared human vascular responses with those previously published for mouse islet blood vessels. Norepinephrine and endothelin-1 significantly constricted human islet feeding arterioles, while adenosine dilated them. Islet capillaries were less responsive and only 15-20% of the mouse and human islet capillary network showed vasomotion. Nevertheless, in these responsive regions, norepinephrine and endothelin-1 decreased both mouse and human islet capillary diameter. Changes in islet blood vessel diameter were coupled to changes in cytosolic calcium levels in adjacent mouse and human islet mural cells. Our study shows that mural cells in islets are the targets of different regulatory mechanisms of islet blood perfusion. Several alterations of the human islet microvasculature occur during diabetes progression. Elucidating their functional consequences in future studies will be critical for our understanding of disease pathogenesis.
Estimating environmental vulnerability in the Cerrado with machine learning and Twitter data.

Abstract Estimating vulnerability is critical to understand human-induced influenceimpacts on the environmental system. The purpose of the current study was to integrate machine learning algorithm and Twitter data to estimate environmental vulnerability in the Brazilian Cerrado for the years 2011 and 2016. We first selected six exposure indicators and five sensitivity indicators to build an environmental vulnerability model and applied an Autoencoder algorithm to find the representation of exposure and sensitivity, respectively. Then the Displaced Ideal method was used to estimate environmental vulnerability. Finally, related historical Twitter data was mined from these two years to validate the results. The findings showed that the percent of land classified as areas of low, medium and high environmental vulnerability were 6.72%, 34.85%, and 58.44% in 2011 and 3.45%, 33.68% and 62.87% in 2016, respectively and most high environmental vulnerability areas were in the Southern Cerrado. Moreover, the Twitter data results showed that more than 85% of tweets occurred in the areas considered as high environmental vulnerability class. The work revealed that the Autoencoder algorithm can be used for environmental assessment, and the social media data has potential to effectively analyze the relationship between human activity and the environment. Although the study provided a novel perspective to estimate environmental vulnerability at a regional scale, it was necessary to develop a more comprehensive indicator system that can improve model performance in the future.
Autophagy and aging: diet, exercise, and the link with the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC)

Abstract Autophagy maintains the proteome, which is key in the aging process, as deleterious accumulation of cellular components occurs as humans advance in age. This is mediated by a decline in autophagy with age. The inhibition of autophagy precipitates degeneration and the aging phenotype while augmentation extends lifespan and delays age-related degeneration including neurodegeneration in a number of model organisms. Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1), a kinase involved in protein synthesis, promotes aging and neuropathology in part by inhibiting autophagy. The inhibition of TORC1 extends lifespan through autophagy-dependent and autophagy-independent mechanisms. In neurodegenerative disease, autophagy is dysfunctional and an accrual of protein aggregates occurs leading to neuropathology. Enhancement of autophagy attenuates neurodegeneration and provides neuroprotective effects. Behavioral strategies, such as nutrition, to augment autophagy activity and promote neuroprotection and longevity are of interest. Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting may hold promise in the ability to achieve such effects.