cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mass violence planned as ultimate leisure experience? Four diverse cases

As part of a larger project on contextual factors of mass murder, this paper identifies and discusses four cases that quite clearly suggest, based on the content of perpetrators' personal communications and/or reports from those who knew them, that the perpetrators purposely planned and experienced their attacks as desired leisure experience. Leisure science, while consistent with the multidisciplinary roots of forensic behavioral science, has not yet been applied to better understand cases of mass violence. Together with traditional forensic behavioral science approaches, leisure theory may produce insights in cases of mass violence that are uncoerced, largely intrinsically motivated, and committed for personal enjoyment.
Pediatric drug overdose mortality: contextual and policy effects for children under 12 years.

BACKGROUND We determine trends in fatal pediatric drug overdose from 1999 to 2018 and describe the influence of contextual factors and policies on such overdoses. METHODS Combining restricted CDC mortality files with data from other sources, we conducted between-county multilevel models to examine associations of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with pediatric overdose mortality and a fixed-effects analysis to identify how changes in contexts and policies over time shaped county-level fatal pediatric overdoses per 100,000 children under 12 years. RESULTS Pediatric overdose deaths rose from 0.08/100,000 children in 1999 to a peak of 0.19/100,000 children in 2016, with opioids accounting for an increasing proportion of deaths. Spatial patterns of pediatric overdose deaths are heterogenous. Socioeconomic characteristics are not associated with between-county differences in pediatric overdose mortality. Greater state expenditures on public welfare (B = -0.099; CI: [-0.193, -0.005]) and hospitals (B = -0.222; CI: [-.437, -.007]) were associated with lower pediatric overdose mortality. In years when a Good Samaritan law was in effect, the county-level pediatric overdose rate was lower (B = -0.095; CI: [-0.177, -0.013]). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric overdose mortality increased since 1999, peaking in 2016. Good Samaritan laws and investment in hospitals and public welfare may temper pediatric overdoses. Multi-faceted approaches using policy and individual intervention is necessary to reduce pediatric overdose mortality. IMPACT Pediatric fatalities from psychoactive substances have risen within the U.S. since 1999. Higher levels of state spending on public welfare and hospitals are significantly associated with lower pediatric overdose mortality rates. The implementation of Good Samaritan laws is significantly associated with lower pediatric overdose mortality rates. We identified no county-level sociodemographic factors associated with pediatric overdose mortality. The findings indicate that a multi-faceted approach to the reduction of pediatric overdose is necessary.
Honor Killings and Crimes; Familial and Tribal Homicide

Honor killings are directed mostly against women and girls. Although rarely, men can also be the victims of honor killings by members of the family of a woman with whom they are perceived to have an inappropriate relationship. The loose term “honor killing” applies to killing of both men and women in cultures that practice it. There is a strong positive correlation between violence against women—as well as LGBT—and women’s lack of social power and equality on the one hand, and a baseline of development, associated with access to basic resources, health care, and human capital, such as literacy on the other. In a male-dominated society, there is more inequality between men, and women lose out not just physically and economically, but crucially because men who feel subordinated will often try to regain a sense of their authority in turn by excessive subordination of those below them, i.e. women, although both men and women in such societies suffer more violence and worse health. Some women who bridge social divides, publicly engage other communities, or adopt some of the customs or the religion of an outside group may be attacked. In countries that receive immigrants, some otherwise low-status immigrant men and boys have asserted their dominant patriarchal status by inflicting honor killings on female family members who have participated in public life, for example, in feminist and integration politics.
Recent total syntheses of anthraquinone-based natural products

Abstract The scientific community has found deep interest in anthraquinone-based compounds due to their therapeutic properties and challenging structural elements. Various architecturally beautiful natural products have been successfully synthesized in recent decades utilizing two main strategies: either an early-stage synthesis of the anthraquinone and further elongation of the system, or a late-stage introduction of the anthraquinone ring moiety. Select syntheses of complex anthraquinone monomers and dimers within the past 20 years are described with an emphasis on the retrosynthetic disconnections that shape the anthraquinone-installation strategy.
Restating Government’s Role in Innovation

The Administration’s formal technology policy, as stated in the Executive Office’s U.S. Technology Policy, emphasized the government’s role in three key areas, although remaining somewhat vacuous in terms of the specifics for an implementation strategy. The key areas that are emphasized, and rightly so in our estimation, are: funding of Rɭ performed in the private sector funding of Federal laboratory research activities and the effective transfer of that technology to the private sector; and funding of basic research (especially at universities) and encouragement of industry-university research relationships.
On the Use of the Principal Component Analysis PCA for Evaluating Vegetation Anomalies from LANDSAT-TM NDVI Temporal Series in the Basilicata Region Italy

In this paper, we present and discuss the investigations we conducted in the context of the MITRA project focused on the use of low cost technologies data and software for pre-operational monitoring of land degradation in the Basilicata Region. The characterization of land surface conditions and land surface variations can be efficiently approached by using satellite remotely sensed data mainly because they provide a wide spatial coverage and internal consistency of data sets. In particular, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI is regarded as a reliable indicator for land cover conditions and variations and over the years it has been widely used for vegetation monitoring. For the aim of our project, in order to detect and map vegetation anomalies ongoing in study test areas selected in the Basilicata Region we used the Principal Component Analysis applied to Landsat Thematic Mapper TM time series spanning a period of 25 years 1985-2011.
Estimation of elastic parameters in a nonlinear elliptic system

The author discusses the estimation of a flexural rigidity coefficient in a nonlinear von Karman model of a static plate. Existence of optimal estimators is established. Sufficient conditions are presented that imply the convergence of linear approximating systems and their associated optimal estimators. The author obtains conditions under which the variation exists and uses this result to determine regularity properties of the optimal estimators. >
Measurement schedules of sprint running.

Abstract Four measures of elapsed time were secured on a sample of 76 male physical education majors during a 50-yd. sprint. The subjects were timed during two sprints and measurements were secured at 20, 30, 40, and 50 yd. Ten different measurement schedules were developed from the four measurements. Data revealed that the greatest source of measurement error existed in the first 20 yd. of the sprint. The intraclass reliability estimates of the 10 measurement schedules ranged from .79 to .98.
Three-dimensional structure of the frozen-hydrated flagellar filament: The left-handed filament of Salmonella typhimurium☆

Electron micrographs of frozen-hydrated preparations of flagellar filaments of Salmonella typhimurium were used to obtain a three-dimensional reconstruction of the structure. The filaments were obtained from the mutant SJW1660, which produces straight, left-handed filaments. The subunits in this filament are thought to be all in the L-state. The structure consists of a set of 11 longitudinal segmented rods of density that lie at a radius of 70 A. The outermost feature of the filament is a set of knobs of density that project outward from the rods. The interior of the filaments consists of arms that extend inward radially from the segmented rods. The 11 segmented rods and their interconnections are noteworthy because current theories regarding filament structure involve switching of subunits between the L and R states co-operatively along the directions of the rods.
D-Amino Acid Oxidase: II. STUDIES OF SUBSTRATE-COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS

Abstract A variety of anionic compounds was studied as inhibitors of d-amino acid oxidase by means of a recently described spectrophotometric assay for the enzyme. Several phosphorus- and sulfur-containing acids were shown not to be effective inhibitors of the enzyme. A series of meta- and para-substituted benzoic acid derivatives was studied as inhibitors and the σρ relationship obtained indicated the binding of these compounds to be facilitated by electron-withdrawing substituent groups. A variety of saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids was evaluated as substrate-competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. It is indicated that these inhibitors interact with a positively charged group of the enzyme that is a critical distance from an aromatic residue contained in a limited nonpolar region of the enzyme. It is suggested that the aromatic residue of the protein interacts with the inhibitors through electron donation. Steric interactions involved in the binding of inhibitors were also observed.
Telecare for Women with Postpartum Depression

Data were collected to pilot test the feasibility and effects of telecare as an intervention for depression in a small group of mothers with postpartum depression. Treatment involved a 10-week telecare therapy consisting of three related aspects: cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, and problem-solving strategies. Beck Depression Inventory II scores were significantly lower after telecare treatment. Women identified psycho-education as the greatest help to them.
On the Nature of the Yeast Phenylalanine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase Recognition Site

Abstract Purified yeast phenylalanyl transfer RNA synthetase can aminoacylate three Escherichia coli transfer RNAs. One of these tRNAs is E. coli valine transfer RNA which has been extensively purified and shown capable of being aminoacylated with phenylalanine and purified yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. The extent of this heterologous aminoacylation is approximately 90%. A comparison of the structures of the three tRNAs (E. coli valine tRNA, yeast phenylalanine tRNA, and wheat phenylalanine tRNA) which are acceptable substrates for yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase shows that the dihydrouridine loop and stem of all three molecules are exceedingly similar. This region must therefore be involved in the recognition of a tRNA by this synthetase.
Applications of data mining in software engineering

Software engineering processes are complex, and the related activities often produce a large number and variety of artefacts, making them well-suited to data mining. Recent years have seen an increase in the use of data mining techniques on such artefacts with the goal of analysing and improving software processes for a given organisation or project. After a brief survey of current uses, we offer insight into how data mining can make a significant contribution to the success of current software engineering efforts.
Crystallography of Fatigue Crack Initiation and Growth in Fully Lamellar Ti-6Al-4V

Fatigue crack initiation in titanium alloys is typically accompanied by the formation of planar, faceted features on the fracture surface. In the present study, quantitative tilt fractography, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and the focused ion beam (FIB) have been used to provide a direct link between facet topography and the underlying microstructure, including the crystallographic orientation. In contrast to previous studies, which have focused mainly on the α-phase crystal orientation and the spatial orientation of the facets, the present analysis concentrates on the features that lie in the plane of the facet and how they relate to the underlying constituent phases and their crystallographic orientations. In addition, due to the anisotropic deformation behavior of the three basal slip systems, the orientation of the β phase as it relates to facet crystallography was investigated for the first time. The implication of the β-phase orientation on fatigue crack initiation was discussed in terms of its effect on slip behavior in lamellar microstructures. The effect of the local crystallographic orientation on fatigue crack initiation was also investigated by studying cracks that initiated naturally in the earliest stages of growth, which were revealed by FIB milling. The results indicate that boundaries that are crystallographically suited for slip transfer tend to initiate fatigue cracks. Several observations on the effect of the crystallographic orientation on the propagation of long fatigue cracks were also reported.
The Mark III spectrometer

Abstract This paper describes the design, construction and performance of the Mark III, a new general purpose large solid angle spectrometer at SPEAR, the SLAC 2–8 GeV e+e− storage ring. The detector has been designed for the study of exclusive final states in e+e− annihilation, which requires large solid angle coverage combined with charged particle momentum resolution, particle identification, and photon detection efficiency at low energies.
Early menopause predicts future coronary heart disease and stroke: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

AbstractObjectiveCardiovascular disease is the number one killer of women. Identifying women at risk of cardiovascular disease has tremendous public health importance. Early menopause is associated with increased cardiovascular disease events in some predominantly white populations, but not consiste
Legislation and Privacy across Borders

This paper explores the influences of cultural values and government structure on technology-based privacy legislation. The following geographic areas are analyzed to better understand this relationship: the United States (U.S.), the European Union (EU), China, and India. Using three primary cultural dimensions from the extensive studies of Geert Hofstede, the findings reveal a significant connection between the strength of certain cultural traits and whether the government is reactive or proactive to technology-based privacy breaches.
LOWER SURVIVAL PROBABILITIES FOR ADULT FLORIDA MANATEES IN YEARS WITH INTENSE COASTAL STORMS

The endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) inhabits the subtropical waters of the southeastern United States, where hurricanes are a regular occurrence. Using mark-resighting statistical models, we analyzed 19 years of photo-iden- tification data and detected significant annual variation in adult survival for a subpopulation in northwest Florida where human impact is low. That variation coincided with years when intense hurricanes (Category 3 or greater on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale) and a major winter storm occurred in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Mean survival probability during years with no or low intensity storms was 0.972 (approximate 95% confidence interval = 0.961-0.980) but dropped to 0.936 (0.864-0.971) in 1985 with Hurricanes Elena, Kate, and Juan; to 0.909 (0.837-0.951) in 1993 with the March "Storm of the Century"; and to 0.817 (0.735-0.878) in 1995 with Hurricanes Opal, Erin, and Allison. These drops in survival probability were not catastrophic in magnitude and were detected because of the use of state-of-the-art statistical techniques and the quality of the data. Because indi- viduals of this small population range extensively along the north Gulf coast of Florida, it was possible to resolve storm effects on a regional scale rather than the site-specific local scale common to studies of more sedentary species. This is the first empirical evidence in support of storm effects on manatee survival and suggests a cause-effect relationship. The decreases in survival could be due to direct mortality, indirect mortality, and/or emigration from the region as a consequence of storms. Future impacts to the population by a single catastrophic hurricane, or series of smaller hurricanes, could increase the probability of extinction. With the advent in 1995 of a new 25- to 50-yr cycle of greater hurricane activity, and longer term change possible with global climate change, it becomes all the more important to reduce mortality and injury from boats and other human causes and control the loss of foraging habitat to coastal development.
Exorcising the Ghost from the Machine: Confronting Obstacles to Critical Thinking Through Library Instruction

ABSTRACT Challenges to the process of thinking critically about information resources abound in the electronic environment. As the proliferation of sites on the World Wide Web increases, more and more librarians and educators are faced with the daunting task of instructing users in the scholarly applications of the Web. These obstacles to critical thinking include the mystery of computing technologies, the seduction of the user by various aspects of the technology, and the perplexity or confusion caused by the sensation of being overwhelmed by information. Through the examination of these obstacles in the instruction setting and using tool analysis to demystify these obstacles, the student will receive a clearer view of the information landscape that he/she has begun to explore.
Lincoln at cooper union: A rationale for neo‐classical criticism

Genre theory can serve as a corrective to certain defects in “neo‐Aristotelian” rhetorical criticism. Analysis of the theory and practice of neo‐Aristotelian critics reveals the lack of adequate standards for rhetorical evaluation. This deficiency is directly correlated with their neglect of the classical conception of oratorical genres. Using our critique of Lincoln's Cooper Union Address as an example, we argue that reference to oratorical genres can provide a more precise focus for criticism.
Pitting corrosion of aluminum

This review describes the experiments performed during the last few decades which enhance knowledge of the pitting of aluminum. Specifically, metastable and stable pits, pit chemistry and the effect of intermetallics on pitting are discussed. The properties of metastable alloys and inhibition of Al are also discussed.
Econometric Applications in India

This volume, the first of its kind in India, uses econometric applications to analyze issues in various sectors of the economy, including agriculture, Indian industry, the financial sector, and foreign trade. In each area, leading econometricians review the literature and report on new research.
The c-Fes protein-tyrosine kinase accelerates NGF-induced differentiation of PC12 cells through a PI3K-dependent mechanism.

The c-fes protooncogene encodes a non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (Fes) that has been implicated in the differentiation of myeloid haematopoietic cells. Fes is also expressed in several neuronal cell types and the vascular endothelium, suggestive of a more general function in development. To examine the role of Fes in neuronal differentiation, we investigated the effect of Fes expression on process outgrowth in PC12 cells following stimulation with nerve growth factor (NGF). PC12 cells expressing wild-type and activated mutants of Fes extended processes faster and of greater length than control cells. In contrast, expression of kinase-inactive Fes was without effect, indicating that cooperation with NGF requires Fes kinase activity. Short-term treatment of PC12-Fes cells with NGF enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of Fes, suggesting upstream regulation by the NGF receptor. Fes-mediated acceleration of neurite outgrowth was blocked by wortmannin and LY294002, implicating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in the Fes-induced response. In contrast, the MEK inhibitor PD98059 was without effect, suggesting that the Ras-Erk pathway is not involved. These data provide the first evidence that Fes may contribute to morphological differentiation of neuronal cells by enhancing NGF signalling through the PI3K pathway.
The Riemann problem near a hyperbolic singularity: the classification of solutions of quadratic Riemann problems 1

The purpose of this paper is to classify the solutions of Riemann problems near a hyperbolic singularity in a nonlinear system of conservation laws. Hyperbolic singularities play the role in the theory of Riemann problems that rest points play in the theory of ordinary differential equations: Indeed, generically, only a finite number of structures can appear in a neighborhood of such a singularity. In this, the first of three papers, the program of classification is discussed in general and the simplest structure that occurs is characterized.
Detection of residual prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy with the Abbott IMx PSA assay.

Abstract Objectives This analysis was performed to define the level of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measured with the Abbott IMx assay that indicates residual or progressive prostate cancer after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Methods Since March 1992, we have used the Abbott IMx assay to determine PSA levels. Between March 1992 and June 1994, 102 of those patients having RRPs were found to have pathologic Stage C prostate cancer. Fifty-one of these patients had at least one serum PSA measurement of 0.1 ng/mL or greater. Eight patients were excluded from the analysis because they received postoperative radiotherapy that might have influenced subsequent PSA levels. The remaining 43 patients are the subjects of this analysis and were evaluated to determine the “clinical threshold” or minimal serum PSA level after RRP indicative of progressive disease. Patients were followed for 6 to 36 months (median 23 months) from the date of the RRP. Failure was defined as a subsequent increase of PSA to greater than 0.3 ng/mL. Freedom from failure was determined using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. Results Of the patients with at least one postoperative serum PSA level of 0.1 ng/mL, the subsequent freedom from failure was 80% at 23 months as compared with 13% in patients with at least one postoperative PSA level of 0.2 ng/mL ( p = 0.003). Conclusions Following RRP for pathologic Stage C prostate cancer, a solitary PSA level of 0.1 ng/mL (measured with the IMx assay) was followed by a progressive rise in PSA levels in only a minority of patients within the first 2 years after surgery. In contrast, the majority of patients with a postoperative PSA level of 0.2 ng/mL subsequently had progressively rising PSA levels. This indicates that a serum PSA level of 0.2 ng/ mL is reflective of residual prostate cancer.
Using the Kinetics of Biological Flocculation and the Limiting Flux Theory for the Preliminary Design of Activated Sludge Systems. I: Model Development

Current activated sludge models consider that the removal of biodegradable organics by suspended growth includes rapid enmeshment of the organic particles in the microbial floc, hydrolysis of the complex organic molecules into readily biodegradable organic substances, and oxidation of dissolved organic substances. All of the models assume hydrolysis is the rate-limiting step, but none consider the role that the kinetics of biological flocculation and the sludge settling characteristics may play in defining the activated sludge operating parameters. Several researchers have studied the kinetic of biological flocculation, and have analyzed its role on the removal of particulate COD in suspended growth reactors. It has been demonstrated that a large proportion of the organic matter present in sewage can be removed by biological flocculation using short hydraulic retention times and subsequent settling. This paper demonstrates that the one-dimensional limiting flux theory may be useful for coupling the sludge settling properties with the aeration tank behavior, and is a reasonable first approximation that can be used for activated sludge system design and operation.
The lung in systemic sclerosis.

The lung in scleroderma has become the biggest focus of research in scleroderma. With angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, kidney involvement is now a manageable complication, so now we must focus on the lung. Simple things like pleurisy, pleural effusions, and pleural scarring can occur
Interval hypergraphs and D-interval hypergraphs

A hypergraph H = (V, E) is called an interval hypergraph if there exists a one-to-one function ƒ mapping the elements of V to points on the real line such that for each edge E, there is an interval I, containing the images of all elements of E, but not the images of any elements not in E1. The difference hypergraph D(H) determined by H is formed by adding to E all nonempty sets of the form E1 − E1, where E1 and E1 are edges of H H is said to be a D-interval hypergraph if D(H) is an interval hypergraph. A forbidden subhypergraph characterization of D-interval hypergraphs is given. By relating D-interval hypergraphs to dimension theory for posets, we determine all 3-irreducible posets of length one.
Improved human-robot team performance using chaski, a human-inspired plan execution system

We describe the design and evaluation of Chaski, a robot plan execution system that uses insights from human-human teaming to make human-robot teaming more natural and fluid. Chaski is a task-level executive that enables a robot to collaboratively execute a shared plan with a person. The system chooses and schedules the robot's actions, adapts to the human partner, and acts to minimize the human's idle time.We evaluate Chaski in human subject experiments in which a person works with a mobile and dexterous robot to collaboratively assemble structures using building blocks. We measure team performance outcomes for robots controlled by Chaski compared to robots that are verbally commanded, step-by-step by the human teammate. We show that Chaski reduces the human's idle time by 85%, a statistically significant difference. This result supports the hypothesis that human-robot team performance is improved when a robot emulates the effective coordination behaviors observed in human teams.
On the Performance of Tensor Methods for Solving Ill-Conditioned Problems

This paper investigates the performance of tensor methods for solving small- to large-scale systems of nonlinear equations where the Jacobian matrix at the root is ill-conditioned or singular. This condition occurs on many classes of problems, such as identifying or approaching turning points in path-following problems. The singular case has been studied more than the highly ill-conditioned case, for both Newton and tensor methods. It is known that Newton-based methods do not work well with singular problems because they converge linearly to the solution and, in some cases, with poor accuracy. On the other hand, direct tensor methods have performed well on singular problems and have superlinear convergence on such problems under certain conditions. This behavior originates from the use of a special, restricted form of the second-order term included in the local tensor model that provides information lacking in a (nearly) singular Jacobian. With several implementations available for large-scale problems, tensor methods now are capable of solving larger problems. We compare the performance of tensor methods and Newton-based methods for small- to large-scale problems over a range of conditionings, from well-conditioned to ill-conditioned to singular. Previous studies with tensor methods concerned only the ends of this spectrum. Our results show that tensor methods are increasingly superior to Newton-based methods as the problem grows more ill-conditioned.
Requirements definition by numerical simulation

We are investigating the issues involved in requirements definition for narcotics interdiction: how much of a particular signature is possible, how does this amount change for different conditions, and what is the temporal relationship in various scenarios. Our approach has been to simulate numerically the conditions that arise during vapor or particulate transport. The advantages of this approach are that (1) a broad range of scenarios can be rapidly and inexpensively analyzed by simulation, and (2) simulations can display quantities that are difficult or impossible to measure. The drawback of this approach is that simulations cannot include all of the phenomena present in a real measurement, and therefore the fidelity of the simulation results is always an issue. To address this limitation, we will ultimately combine the results of numerical simulations with measurements of physical parameters for inclusion in the simulation. In this paper, we discuss these issues and how they apply to the current problems in narcotics interdictions, especially cargo containers. We also show the results of 1D and 3D numerical simulations, and compare these results with analytical solutions. The results indicate that this approach is viable. We also present data from 3D simulations of vapor transport in a loaded cargo container and some of the issues present in this ongoing work.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Air thawing of lamb carcasses

Summary The effect of air temperatures, velocities and wrapping on the thawing time, weight change, appearance and change in bacterial numbers was studied on 20 kg lamb carcasses. The optimal condition for thawing wrapped lambs in 24 h was to use air at 10°C and 0.75 m/s and for unwrapped lambs 7.5°C and 0.75 m/s. Changes in bacterial numbers for these conditions were insignificant.
Overview of the pharmacogenetics of asthma treatment.

Asthma affects approximately 300 million individuals worldwide. Medications comprise a substantial portion of asthma expenditures. Despite the availability of three primary therapeutic classes of medications, there are a significant number of nonresponders to therapy. Available data, as well as previous pharmacogenetic studies, suggest that genetics may contribute as much as 60–80% to the interindividual variability in treatment response. In this methodologic review, after providing a broad overview of the asthma pharmacogenetics literature to date, we describe the application of a novel family-based screening algorithm to the analysis of pharmacogenetic data and highlight our approach to identifying and verifying loci influencing asthma treatment response. This approach seeks to address issues related to multiple comparisons, statistical power, population stratification, and failure to replicate from which previous population-based or case–control pharmacogenetic association studies may suffer. Identification of such replicable loci is the next step towards the goal of ‘individualized therapy’ for asthma.
The Feasibility of a Holistic Wellness Program for HIV/AIDS Patients Residing in a Voluntary Inpatient Treatment Program:

The purpose of this project was to examine the feasibility of an ongoing holistic wellness program in a residential facility treating persons with HIV/AIDS. The goal was to create a voluntary, four week holistic wellness intensive within the established inpatient behavioral health treatment program. Participants were given practicable holistic self care tools to effectively manage HIV related symptoms, general medical issues, addiction, depression, stress and anxiety. The program incorporated evidence-based holistic activities including yoga, therapeutic dance, meditation, Reiki, and reflective journaling. Narrative survey results and post-program evaluation support that an ongoing holistic wellness program within the existing treatment model is feasible and could have numerous potential beneficial effects. This project clearly exemplified the ideal opportunity for holistic nurses to implement innovative holistic interventions within the current healthcare delivery system. It is the author's observation that future studies with a larger participant group to further examine measurable benefits can lend valuable information and insight into the future development of holistic wellness programs for residential treatment facilities.
GEOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF WARFARE: THE ARDENNES BREAKTHROUGH, MAY 1940

(1968). GEOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF WARFARE: THE ARDENNES BREAKTHROUGH, MAY 1940. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 398-401.
Occupational pursuits of free American women: An analysis of newspaper ads, 1800–1849

Recent studies have challenged a long-prevailing notion that free women held unusually high economic status in colonial America. The present study tests a corresponding idea that the 19th century afforded American women fewer occupational opportunities, with a resulting loss in freedom and status. Drawing from a large and broad sample of newspapers, we examine the distribution of occupational pursuits and changes in this distribution over time, and then compare these findings with observations from an earlier study for the 18th century. The theoretical implications of the findings are discussed in terms of the ideology of “separate spheres,” increasing divorce patterns, and the growth of the midwestern frontier.
Repair of the blood-brain barrier following implantation of polymer capsules

Abstract Past studies of polymer-encapsulated cell lines implanted in the brain indicated their usefulness for transmitter replacement therapy in animal models. Such grafts may have potentially important clinical applications, but their placement into neural parenchyma may cause a traumatic injury resulting in a leaky blood-brain barrier around the implant. This study investigated whether or not injury repair and reformation of the barrier takes place near a polymer capsule implanted in the brain of Sprague-Dawley rats. The two methods used for detection of a leaky barrier were immunocytochemical localization of extravasated serum albumin and circulating Evans blue that binds to serum albumin. Immunocytochemical staining for glial filament protein provided a measure for evaluating injury associated gliosis. Polymer capsules implanted for 10, 16 and 18 days were surrounded by microvessels that leaked detectable quantities of serum albumin into interstitial spaces and, by secondary uptake, into some nearby neurons and reactive astrocytes. Reactive astroglia were observed within the outer regions of the capsule wall and in the near vicinity of the implant after these early survival times. In contrast, at post-implantation times of 46 and 54 days, serum albumin was no longer detected in the neural parenchyma near the macrocapsules and only few reactive astrocytes remained. These findings show that polymer capsules implanted within the cerebrum permit (a) reformaion of the blood-brain barrier and (b) occurrence of repair processes that lead to minimal deposition of reactive astroglia near the implanted polymer capsule.
Long-term consistencies in assembling coordinated rhythmic movements ☆

Abstract At the level of tasks the problem of coordination is relating families of potential circumstances to families of potential movement patterns. Major theoretical efforts to address this problem hypothesize that any task-specific coordination is a function which generates for any given circumstance a movement pattern satisfying the task criteria. In three experiments spanning approximately two years, the same three subjects were required to achieve a 1:1 frequency locking of rhythmic motions about the wrists under variable circumstances comprising different loadings of the two limb segments. Mappings between measures of the coordination problem and measures of the coordination solution were determined. Similar single-valued functions spanning the period of investigation were observed for each subject. The results are discussed in terms of the parameterization of an oscillatory control structure by the magnitude and asymmetry of the inertial loadings at the wrists.
Mathematics achievement of Chinese, Japanese, and American children

American kindergarten children lag behind Japanese children in their understanding of mathematics; by fifth grade they are surpassed by both Japanese and Chinese children. Efforts to isolate bases for these differences involved testing children on other achievement and cognitive tasks, interviewing mothers and teachers, and observing children in their classrooms. Cognitive abilities of children in the three countries are similar, but large differences exist in the children's life in school, the attitudes and beliefs of their mothers, and the involvement of both parents and children in schoolwork.
Ultrasound camera system for viewing acoustical holograms

A system for the simultaneous production and reconstruction of acoustical holograms is proposed. It uses electron beam scanning techniques to produce a variable transmittance hologram that can be reconstructed by the usual laser techniques.
Small-scale Martian polygonal terrain: Implications for liquid surface water

Images from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) through August 1999 were analyzed for the global distribution of small-scale polygonal terrain not clearly resolved in Viking Orbiter imagery. With very few exceptions, small-scale polygonal terrain occurs at middle to high latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres in Hesperian-age geologic units. The largest concentration of this terrain occurs in the Utopia basin in close association with scalloped depressions (interpreted as thermokarst) and appears to represent an Amazonian event. The morphology and occurrence of small polygonal terrain suggest they are either mud desiccation cracks or ice-wedge polygons. Because the small-scale polygons in Utopia and Argyre Planitiae are associated with other cold-climate permafrost or glacial features, an ice-wedge model is preferred for these areas. Both cracking mechanisms work most effectively in water- or ice-rich fine-grained material and may imply the seasonal or episodic existence of liquid water at the surface.
An extension and refinement of telephone emergency-skills training. A comparison of training methods.

Three experiments were carried out to teach children how to respond to home emergencies. Experiment 1 compared the effectiveness of three training procedures, self-instruction training/ self-reward, self-instructional training/ external-reward, and behavioral training, in the acquisition and maintenance of emergency telephone-dialing skills. While all three training procedures were effective in enhancing performance, the self-instructional/self-reward group appeared to perform somewhat better during the follow-up phases. Experiment 2 compared the effectiveness of the above-mentioned training procedures on teaching subjects how to respond to problem situations likely to be encountered when making a telephone call. The problem situations trained were no dial tone and party line. Although all training groups performed similarly, initially following training, the self-instructional/self-reward group again performed somewhat better over time. In Experiment 3, a discrimination-training procedure was initiated t...
Zuckerman's Travels

Psychoanalysis may be passing from the scene of American intellectual life as a reliable index to human behavior, but not before making a permanent contribution to our common understanding of how fiction is to be read. Among the ideas to survive the demise of the system are ambivalence, overdetermination and the belief that all expressions of human desire save the most basic and biological express a collision, rather than a harmony, of motives. Certainly, without such concepts at hand we are disarmed before anything as complex as contemporary literature, and without doubt we are disarmed before a writer as nimble and as mercurial as Philip Roth, who has made of ambivalence not only an art but a theory of art, producing out of his arguments with himself a literature as richly conceived and intricately designed as any in America. No longer “case histories,” however, as they once seemed to be, his books have lately evolved into theaters of uncertainty in which characters perform dramatic charades of ambivalence that in the past might have been interpreted as “acting out.” The Counterlife (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1987) is the most recent and most impressive of Roth’s late theatrical novels, all the more impressive, I’d like to say, for possessing at once a theatrical lightness and a historical gravity. An elegant novel, it performs an elaborate counterpoint between the inertia of history and the agility of the imagination, and would appear to be evidence, if such were needed, that it is possible for a novel to contradict itself repeatedly and turn out all the more convincing for its contradictions.
Identification of the SV40 agnogene product: a DNA binding protein.

The proximal late region of the SV40 genome (map positions 0.72–0.76) contains an open nucleotide reading frame1,2 called the agnogene3 because its product had so far not been detected. We report here the detection of a novel protein of molecular weight (Mr) 7,900 (61 amino acids) in cells lytically infected by SV40; its identity has been confirmed by comparing the amino-terminal sequence with that predicted from the SV40 nucleotide sequence. This so-called agnoprotein accumulates late in the lytic cycle and has a relatively short half life of ∼2 h. The highly basic nature of the protein and its affinity for both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA suggests that it may have a regulatory role in nucleic acid–protein interactions.
Research on Characteristics of Joint Point of Power Transmission Tower

Based on tension tests for tower bolt, it was found that the pretension increased with the extension of torque retention time, and manifested characteristics of decreasing at early stage then increasing at later stage during the tension process, that provided guidance for bolt fastening.
Ornithine decarboxylase activity in tumor and normal tissue of head and neck cancer patients

Tumorigenesis requires increased biosynthesis of polyamines and elevated levels of ornithine decarboxylase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the polyamine synthesis pathway. Previous animal studies have noted a marked increase in ornithine decarboxylase after exposure to tumorigenic stimuli and that pretreatment with vitamins A and E provides protection against the carcinogenic action. However, studies of ornithine decarboxylase activity in human oral cavity carcinoma have not been as specific. The goal of this study was to determine whether a specific difference in ornithine decarboxylase activity occurs in tumor versus adjacent normal tissue in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Ornithine decarboxylase activity was measured in 30 consecutive head and neck cancer patients undergoing surgical therapy. Ornithine decarboxylase levels were found to be significantly elevated in tumor tissue samples when compared to adjacent normal mucosa samples (P less than .004). This finding confirms the previous findings noted in animal models and implies that the protective effects of vitamins A and E will extend to human head and neck cancers.
Multimodality Treatment in a Case of Primary Cardiac Lymphoma

Abstract Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is an exceptionally rare entity associated with a poor prognosis. The patient in this report underwent successful surgical resection of a PCL. We now describe her multimodality treatment, including autologous stem cell transplantation, which resulted in a 22-month survival.
Mutations which alter the elbow region of tRNA2Gly reduce T4 gene 60 translational bypassing efficiency

Translating ribosomes bypass a 50 nucleotide coding gap in bacteriophage T4 gene 60 mRNA between codons 46 and 47 in order to synthesize the full‐length protein. Bypassing of the coding gap requires peptidyl‐tRNA 2 Gly detachment from a GGA codon (codon 46) followed by re‐pairing at a matching GGA codon just before codon 47. Using negative selection, based on the sacB gene from Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli mutants were isolated which reduce bypassing efficiency. All of the mutations are in the gene for tRNA 2 Gly . Most of the mutations disrupt the hydrogen bonding interactions between the D‐ and T‐loops (G18●ψ55 and G19●C56) which stabilize the elbow region in nearly all tRNAs. The lone mutation not in the elbow region destabilizes the anticodon stem at position 40. Previously described Salmonella typhimurium mutants of tRNA 2 Gly , which reduce the stability of the T‐loop, were also tested and found to decrease bypassing efficiency. Each tRNA 2 Gly mutant is functional in translation (tRNA 2 Gly is essential), but has a decoding efficiency 10‐ to 20‐fold lower than wild‐type. This suggests that rigidity of the elbow region and the anticodon stem is critical for both codon–anticodon stability and bypassing.
Recording and analyzing eye-position data using a microcomputer workstation

This paper presents a PC-based eye-position data collection and analysis system. Software routines are described that supplement hardware calibration procedures, improving data-collection accuracy and reducing the number of unusable trials. Collected eye-position data can be remapped over a displayed stimulus image and spatially and temporally represented by parameters such as individual fixations, clusters of fixations (Nodine, Carmody, & Kundel, 1978), cumulative clusters, and gaze durations. An important feature of the system is that the software routines preserve scan-path information that provides a sequential dimension to the analysis of eye-position data. A “hotspot” analysis is also described, which cumulates, across 1 or more observers, the frequency of eye-position landings or “hits” on designated areas of interest for a given stimulus. Experimental applications in the fields of radiology, psychology, and art are provided, illustrating how eye-position data can be interpreted both in signal detection and in information-processing frameworks using the present methods of analysis.
Infinitesimally nonlocal Lorentz violation

We introduce a new Lorentz-violating modification to a scalar quantum field theory. This interaction, while super-renormalizable by power counting, is fundamentally different from the interactions previously considered within the Lorentz-violating standard model extension. The Lagrange density is nonlocal, because of the presence of a Hilbert transform term; however, this nonlocality is also very weak. The theory has reasonable stability and causality properties and, although the Lorentz-violating interaction possesses a single vector index, the theory is nonetheless CPT even. As an application, we analyze the possible effects of this new form of Lorentz violation on neutral meson oscillations. We find that under certain circumstances, the interaction may lead to quite peculiar sidereal modulations in the oscillation frequency.