cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Substrate and light dependent fixation of molecular nitrogen in Rhodospirillum rubrum

Whole cells of Rhodospirillum rubrum were cultivated in a malate medium lacking bound nitrogen under N2 and tested for their nitrogenase activity by measuring the disappearance of nitrogen manometrically.
Antarctic Soft-Bottom Benthos in Oligotrophic and Eutrophic Environments

The benthos of the east and west sides of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, is characterized by dramatically different infaunal assemblages. The eutrophic East Sound has higher infaunal densities than almost any other benthic assemblage in the world. In contrast, the oligotrophic West Sound, bathed by currents from beneath the Ross Ice Shelf, has patterns of mobile epifauna and low infauna density similar to bathyl deep-sea communities.
Iron oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Results of the parametric study of factors affecting ferrous iron oxidation show that the maximum conversion rate, which corresponds to the relative effectiveness of a given strain ofT. ferrooxidans on iron oxidation, is a function of initialpH, initial ferrous iron concentration, and cell number of inoculum size. However, the lag time, which corresponds to the time required to obtain the maximum conversion rate, is affected by initial ferrous iron concentration and initial cell number, but not by initialpH.
Rapid influenza diagnostic test use and antiviral prescriptions in outpatient settings pre- and post-2009 H1N1 pandemic.

Abstract Background Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) can be used at the point-of-care and are often the only influenza tests readily available in outpatient facilities. Objectives To determine the use of RIDTs and antiviral prescription practices in outpatient facilities. Study design Surveys were mailed to U.S. physician's offices, emergency departments, and community health centers in 2008 (pre-2009 H1N1 pandemic) and 2010 (post-2009 H1N1 pandemic). The 2010 survey included questions to evaluate changes in testing and treatment practices among various risk groups subsequent to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Results In both surveys, respondents using RIDTs relied on RIDT results to guide prescribing antiviral medications. Greater than two-thirds of these respondents reported prescribing antiviral medications both pre- and post-pandemic for patients within 48 h of onset of flu-like symptoms with a positive RIDT (69% pre-pandemic; 67% post-pandemic). After the pandemic (2010 survey), outpatient providers also reported prescribing antivirals to those with flu-like symptoms for 31% of children Conclusions Clinicians in outpatient facilities often relied on RIDT findings to aid in making antiviral treatment decisions; however their treatment practices were not always consistent with CDC guidelines. The use of RIDTs and antiviral medicines were influenced by the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.
Golden‐marmot Alarm Calls. II. Asymmetrical Production and Perception of Situationally Specific Vocalizations?

Many species produce alarm calls that vary according to situation. An implicit assumption for these species is that production and perception of situationally specific alarm calls is symmetrical : perceivers respond to variation produced by signalers. The companion paper to this one (BLUMSTEIN 1995) showed that golden marmots (Marmota caudata aurea) produce variable alarm calls that vary in proportion to the degree of risk the caller perceives. Calls produced in higher-risk situations have fewer notes than calls produced in lower-risk situations. In this study, to determine the salience of the number of notes per call in eliciting different responses in conspecific perceivers, I played back three-note alarm calls, eight-note alarm calls, and the non-alarm vocalization of a local bird to adult golden marmots. Although marmots responded differently to bird calls and alarm calls, vigilance responses to the different alarm calls were similar. Several explanations may account for the apparent insensitivity to alarm-call variation : golden marmots may require additional contextual cues to properly interpret alarm calls, perceptual abilities do not parallel production abilities, or calls may serve a generalized alerting function.
Measurement of the short-range attractive force between Ge plates using a torsion balance.

We have measured the short-range attractive force between crystalline Ge plates, and found contributions from both the Casimir force and an electrical force possibly generated by surface patch potentials. Using a model of surface patch effects that generates an additional force due to a distance dependence of the apparent contact potential, the electrical force was parametrized using data at distances where the Casimir force is relatively small. Extrapolating this model, to provide a correction to the measured force at distances less than $5\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$, shows a residual force that is in agreement, within experimental uncertainty, with five models that have been used to calculate the Casimir force.
Nephrotoxic effects of designer drugs: synthetic is not better!

Designer drugs—synthetic psychoactive compounds with similar structures and activities to scheduled or controlled chemical compounds—are increasingly available. In this Review, Perazella and Luciano discuss the health burden associated with recreational use of these 'legal highs', and highlight the need for clinicians to be aware of the potential for adverse effects, including acute kidney injury, obstructive nephropathy and hyponatraemia. Designer drugs are synthetic, psychoactive substances with similar structures and activity to existing scheduled drugs or controlled chemical compounds. The use of these drugs is not generally considered illegal and they cannot be detected using standard toxicology tests—essentially they are considered to be 'legal highs'. Over the past several years, increasing numbers of designer drugs have become available. These drugs are classified as amphetamine derivatives, phenylpiperazine derivatives, synthetic cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids, phencyclidine derivatives and synthetic opioids. Although euphoria is the desired effect, neuropsychiatric and cardiac manifestations are frequently observed in individuals using these drugs at high doses or using drugs that are contaminated with other substances. Some designer drugs are also associated with adverse renal effects, including acute kidney injury from pigment nephropathy, acute tubular necrosis, obstructive nephropathy and hyponatraemia. The misuse of these drugs should be recognized and clinicians made aware of the potential for acute nephrotoxicity as the health burden of these compounds increases.
An Investigation Of Steam Plateau Phenomena

The temperature distribution in the steam plateau portion of combustion tube experiments was investigated, and a mathematic model was developed to describe non- isothermal fluid flow behavior in this region. The steam plateau region of laboratory combustion tube experiments was studied, and heat transfer modes defined. The combustion parameters affecting the steam plateau also were studied and evaluated. This study presents some of the design problems and considerations important to the operation of a combustion tube, and the interpretation of the results related to the steam plateau. Results indicated that the temperature distribution in the steam plateau is controlled principally by phase equilibrium. The steam plateau temperature is set primarily by the air injection pressure and then by initial water saturation. The growth of the steam plateau may be controlled by air flux, elevated formation temperature, and/or heat loss. 26 references.
The origins of genomic duplications in Arabidopsis

Large segmental duplications cover much of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Little is known about their origins. We show that they are primarily due to at least four different large-scale duplication events that occurred 100 to 200 million years ago, a formative period in the diversification of the angiosperms. A better understanding of the complex structural history of angiosperm genomes is necessary to make full use of Arabidopsis as a genetic model for other plant species.
Timing requirements for insulin/IGF-1 signaling in C. elegans

The insulin/IGF-1 (where IGF-1 is insulin-like growth factor-1) signaling pathway influences longevity, reproduction, and diapause in many organisms. Because of the fundamental importance of this system in animal physiology, we asked when during the animal's life it is required to regulate these different processes. We find that in Caenorhabditis elegans, the pathway acts during adulthood, to relatively advanced ages, to influence aging. In contrast, it regulates diapause during development. In addition, the pathway controls longevity and reproduction independently of one another. Together our findings show that life-span regulation can be dissociated temporally from phenotypes that might seem to decrease the quality of life.
Endogenous levels of tocopherols and ascorbic acid during fruit ripening of New Mexican-type Chile (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars

Endogenous levels of tocopherols and ascorbic acid were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) during fruit ripening of New Mexican-type chile peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). γ-T...
Effect of processing on antioxidant contents in selected dry beans (Phaseolus spp. L.)

Abstract Dry beans are rich sources of dietary fiber and phytochemicals such as flavonoids and phenolics. In the current study, we determined the effects of two processing methods (soaking and toasting) on total phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin and antioxidant potential by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) in selected dry beans (red kidney beans (K), black-eyed peas (B), pinto beans (P) and soy beans (S)). Total phenolics (mg/g dwb) expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), total flavonoids (mg/g dwb) as catechin equivalents (CE) and proanthocyanidin expressed as leucocyanidin equivalent (mg LE/g) ranged from 3.42 to 7.21, 0.61 to 0.84 and 0.51 to 3.13 in raw beans; 3.58 to 6.94, 0.19 to 0.99 and 0.43 to 3.13 in soaked beans and 4.55 to 9.52, 0.23 to1.00 and 0.20 to 3.25 in toasted beans, respectively. FRAP (μg/g) in raw, soaked and toasted dry beans ranged from 0.00097 to 0.00424 while DPPH (T30) (%) ranged from 43.9 to 62.61. Our results indicate that processing methods (soaking and roasting) influenced total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant contents (DPPH, FRAP) in selected dry beans.
Aleurocanthus woglumi [Hom.: Aleyrodidae] and Encarsia opulenta [Hym.: Encyrtidae] : Density-dependent relationship between adult parasite aggregation and mortality of the host

Field and laboratory choice tests in which searching adultEncarsia opulenta Silvestri were exposed to variable densities of citrus blackfly,Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, indicated the following: (1) a direct functional relationship between adult parasite aggregation and host density, resulting in (2) a direct density-dependent mortality ofA. woglumi within a single generation timespan. The implications of such nonrandom searching patterns byE. opulenta on stability of the host-parasite interaction on Texas citrus are discussed.
Cox regression in a Markov renewal model : an application to the analysis of bone marrow transplant data

Abstract We discuss estimation and prediction in a Markov renewal model where intensities of the one-step transitions follow a Cox regression model with baseline hazards and covariates depending on the backward recurrence time. A modification of the Andersen and Gill results is given to extend the asymptotic properties of the partial likelihood estimates to this setting. We further consider prediction of the realization of the process in a single individual based on the follow-up information. Data of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry are used for illustration purposes.
Child Psychopathy: Theories, Measurement, and Relations with the Development and Persistence of Conduct Problems

To develop more accurate explanatory and predictive models of child and adolescent conduct problems, interest has grown in examining psychopathic traits in youth. The presence or absence of these traits may help to identify unique etiological pathways in the development of antisocial behavior. The current review provides a detailed summary and analysis of (a) the conceptualization and measurement of child and adolescent psychopathy, (b) research on relations between psychopathic traits and a range of conduct problems and associated variables, (c) efforts to utilize data on child and adolescent psychopathy to delineate a subgroup of youth whose conduct problems share a relatively homogenous etiology and developmental trajectory, and (d) current challenges and limitations in the study of youth psychopathy and directions for future research efforts. Specific sections include the origins of the youth psychopathy construct, conceptualization and measurement, relations between psychopathic traits and conduct problems, relations between measures of psychopathy and measures of individual and contextual variables, efforts to identify a unique subgroup of children with conduct problems using psychopathic traits, and finally, challenges that face the field and goals for the next generation of research.
Assessment of the geomorphic effects of large floods using streamgage data: the 1951 floods in eastern Kansas, USA

Data from 23 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages were analyzed to assess the geomorphic effects (short-term change and subsequent recovery) of the record 1951 floods on streams in eastern Kansas. Flood-related, channel-bed elevation change was indicated for 17 gage sites, with substantial deposition at five sites and substantial erosion at two sites. An assessment of post-flood bed elevation recovery was possible for several sites. While recovery to pre-flood channel-bed elevation occurred over a period of months to years at some sites, at other sites recovery was incomplete or absent. Floodrelated channel widening with partial recovery was indicated for one site and possible channel widening was indicated for two sites. It was demonstrated that an analysis of streamgage data is a potentially useful technique for assessing the geomorphic effects of a large flood at a site, provided that the gage has a long period of record and is located on an alluvial channel. In the absence of other lines of evide...
Baby names, visualization, and social data analysis

The Name Voyager, a Web based visualization of historical trends in baby naming, has proven remarkably popular. This paper discusses the interaction techniques it uses for smooth visual exploration of thousands of time series. We also describe design decisions behind the application and lessons learned in creating an application that makes do-it-yourself data mining popular. The prime lesson, it is hypothesized, is that an information visualization tool may be fruitfully viewed not as a tool but as part of an online social environment. In other words, to design a successful exploratory data analysis tool, one good strategy is to create a system that enables "social" data analysis
Microstructure, Charge Transport and Trapping in Anisotropic Polymeric Thin Film Transistors

In this work we have used the directional solidification of a crystallizing solvent to further manipulate the microstructure of P3HT thin films, controlling the orientation and size of the disordered grain boundary regions. Resulting films have a very anisotropic distribution of grain boundaries in the plane of the substrate, with periodic crystalline regions. By fabricating thin film transistors with these anisotropic films, and subsequently fitting temperature dependent mobility data to the Mobility Edge Model, we have means to explore the relationship between trap density within grain boundaries and charge transport.
Dobutamine Stress-Induced Angina in Patients With Denervated Cardiac Transplants: Clinical and Angiographic Correlates

Background: The clinical consequences of cardiac denervation include the inability of the heart transplant recipient to sense cardiac pain. This is due mainly to interruption of ventricular sympathetic afferents normally responsible for transmission of cardiac pain. Although angina has been reported in transplant recipients, to our knowledge, its temporal relationship to myocardial ischemia has not been previously demonstrated. Objective and methods: Eighty-two patients with heart transplants were serially evaluated by dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). In patients who developed angina during DSE, we sought to determine if the onset of angina was related to myocardial ischemia as demonstrated by stress-induced wall motion abnormalities. Coronary angiography was performed within 48 h of DSE in 45 of 82 patients. Results: Mean patient age and time since transplant were 53.1 ± 1.1 years and 57.7 ± 30.4 months, respectively (mean±SEM). Eleven patients developed typical angina during DSE. Three of the 11 (27%) had diagnostic ECG changes. All 11 had stress-induced regional wall motion abnormalities (WMA). Nine of the 11 patients (82%) had coronary angiographic data available that demonstrated significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in 8 (89%). All coronary lesions matched the observed segmental WMA. There was no difference between the angina (n=11) and no angina (n=71) groups with respect to peak heart rate (HR) (141 ± 7 vs 145 ± 3 beats/min; p=NS), peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) (155 ± 8 vs 149 ± 3 mm Hg; p=NS), or rate pressure product (21,699 ± 1,490 vs 21,646 ± 621 mm Hgxbeats/min; p=NS). However, the mean time since transplant was significantly higher in patients with DSE-induced angina (80.3 ± 6.2 vs 57.3 ± 3.5 months; p Conclusions: These data suggest that (1) the occurrence of angina in long-term transplant recipients with CAD is directly related to myocardial ischemia despite anatomic ventricular denervation, and (2) sympathetic reinnervation in the long-term may account for the occurrence of angina in cardiac transplant recipients.
Computer-assisted analysis of filopod formation and the role of myosin II heavy chain phosphorylation in Dictyostelium

To investigate the role played by filopodia in the motility and chemotaxis of amoeboid cells, a computer-assisted 3D reconstruction and motion analysis system, DIAS 4.0, has been developed. Reconstruction at short time intervals of Dictyostelium amoebae migrating in buffer or in response to chemotactic signals, revealed that the great majority of filopodia form on pseudopodia, not on the cell body; that filopodia on the cell body originate primarily on pseudopodia and relocate; and that filopodia on the uropod are longer and more stable than those located on other portions of the cell. When adjusting direction through lateral pseudopod formation in a spatial gradient of chemoattractant, the temporal and spatial dynamics of lateral pseudopodia suggest that filopodia may be involved in stabilizing pseudopodia on the substratum while the decision is being made by a cell either to turn into a pseudopodium formed in the correct direction (up the gradient) or to retract a pseudopodium formed in the wrong direction (down the gradient). Experiments in which amoebae were treated with high concentrations of chemoattractant further revealed that receptor occupancy plays a role both in filopod formation and retraction. As phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of myosin II heavy chain (MHC) plays a role in lateral pseudopod formation, turning and chemotaxis, the temporal and spatial dynamics of filopod formation were analyzed in MHC phosphorylation mutants. These studies revealed that MHC phosphorylation-dephosphorylation plays a role in the regulation of filopod formation during cell migration in buffer and during chemotaxis. The computer-assisted technology described here for reconstructing filopodia at short time intervals in living cells, therefore provides a new tool for investigating the role filopodia play in the motility and chemotaxis of amoeboid cells.
Shape-Based Object Detection via Boundary Structure Segmentation

We address the problem of object detection and segmentation using global holistic properties of object shape. Global shape representations are highly susceptible to clutter inevitably present in realistic images, and thus can be applied robustly only using a precise segmentation of the object. To this end, we propose a figure/ground segmentation method for extraction of image regions that resemble the global properties of a model boundary structure and are perceptually salient. Our shape representation, called the chordiogram, is based on geometric relationships of object boundary edges, while the perceptual saliency cues we use favor coherent regions distinct from the background. We formulate the segmentation problem as an integer quadratic program and use a semidefinite programming relaxation to solve it. The obtained solutions provide a segmentation of the object as well as a detection score used for object recognition. Our single-step approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on several object detection and segmentation benchmarks.
Experimental Investigations of Social Preferences

This article surveys some of the philosophical issues raised by recent experimental work in economics on so-called social preferences. This work raises a number of fascinating methodological and interpretive issues that are of central importance both to economics and to social and political philosophy.
The set-size effect in personality impression formation is not an artifact

The set-size effect in impression formation has been a highly reliable phenomenon when set size was varied as a within-S factor, but this effect has often been absent in between-S designs. Researchers have questioned the use of one or the other of these design techniques and have consequently labeled as artifactual either the presence or absence of set-size effects. This is a crucial matter for theories of impression formation. Studies are cited which have obtained the set-size effect in a paired-comparisons paradigm where previous design criticisms would not seem to apply, and in between-S designs using specific procedural techniques. It is concluded that the set-size effect is not an artifact.
Self-organization of discogenic molecules at the air-water interface

The behavior of several species of discogenic molecules at the air-water interface has been determined by measuring surface pressure νs, molecular area isotherms. Alkylthiotriphenylene derivatives do not appear to form monolayers at the interfaces, due to lack of amphiphilic character. Two truxene derivatives were found to display molecular areas on the order of 65 A2, most likely due to the molecules lying “edge-on” to the water surface. Hexacyclens generally lie with the core group parallel to the surface of the water with the tail groups extending away from the interface; a higher density phase may coorespond to conformational changes within the molecule.
FLICE-Like Inhibitory Protein Blocks Transforming Growth Factor β1–Induced Caspase Activation and Apoptosis in Prostate Epithelial Cells

Androgen withdrawal induces the regression of human prostate cancers, but such cancers eventually become androgen-independent and metastasize. Thus, deciphering the mechanism of androgen withdrawal – induced apoptosis is critical to designing new therapies for prostate cancer. Previously, we showed that in the rat, castration-induced apoptosis is accompanied by a reduction in the expression of the apical caspase inhibitor FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP). To test the functional role of FLIP in inhibiting prostate epithelial cell apoptosis, we employed the rat prostate epithelial cell line NRP-152, which differentiates to
Chlamydial infections in children and adolescents.

1. Latha Chandran, MD, MPH* 2. Rachel Boykan, MD† 1. *Editorial Board 2. †Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the varied clinical manifestations of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in neonates, children, and adolescents. 2. Know the clinical manifestations of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection. 3. List the various diagnostic criteria and methods for C trachomatis and C pneumoniae infections. 4. Discuss the treatments for C trachomatis and C pneumoniae infections. Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular organisms that cause a wide spectrum of human and animal disease, including conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and genital tract infections. C trachomatis and C pneumoniae are significant human pathogens; C psittaci is a less common cause of human disease. The earliest descriptions of what is believed to have been trachoma are found in ancient Chinese and Egyptian manuscripts. In 1907, Halberstaedter and von Prowazek found what they assumed (correctly) to be the causal agent in trachoma when they noted intracytoplasmic vacuoles with numerous particles in Giemsa-stained epithelial cells. Subsequently, similar inclusions were described in specimens taken from the eyes of babies who had ophthalmia neonatorum, from their mothers’ uteruses, and from men who had urethritis. From 1929 to 1930, outbreaks of an “atypical pneumonia” acquired from psittacine birds stimulated more research, which led to Bedson's description of the characteristic developmental life cycle of all Chlamydiales . His accurate description of “an obligate intracellular parasite with bacterial affinities” was not fully appreciated for several decades because these new agents initially were believed to be viruses. Under the 2000 taxonomy, the order Chlamydiales was divided into four families: Chlamydiaceae, Parachlamydiaceae, Waddliaceae , and Simkaniaceae . The family Chlamydiaceae was divided further into two genera, Chlamydophila and Chlamydia , based on ribosomal sequence analysis that showed less than 95% homology between Chlamydia and Chlamydophila. Chlamydophila includes the species C pneumonia, C psittaci , and nonhuman pathogens; the family Chlamydia includes C trachomatis and nonhuman pathogens. (1 …
INTEROPERABLE ITV SYSTEMS BASED ON MHEG

Today's interactive television systems are using proprietary communication protocols and interchange formats. To provide inter-operability at the application level the next generation of interactive television system will be based on standardized communication protocols, monomedia and multimedia formats. This paper presents the Globally Accessible Services (GLASS) system which is a prototype interactive television system based on the Multimedia and Hypermedia Expert Group (MHEG) standard. After a brief introduction to MHEG as the multimedia interchange format between application server and set-top box in interactive television systems, the GLASS clients and servers are described, and an example scenario for navigation in the GLASS system is provided.
Obesity in schizophrenia: screening, monitoring, and health promotion.

PURPOSE.This paper reviews risks, assessments, antipsychotic medication choices, and lifestyle interventions for obesity in persons with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS. Antipsychotic medication is the most important treatment choice. Simple diet teaching must take into account the cognitive limitations of clients with schizophrenia. After medical clearance is obtained, moderate exercise can be encouraged. Education about exercise benefits may increase motivation. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Nurses would be remiss to ignore the physical health effects of obesity in schizophrenia. Practitioners must choose psychiatric medications and provide health education, health promotion, and appropriate referrals to optimize quality of life for this group.
Mobile Data Gathering with Space-Division Multiple Access in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in efficient data gathering schemes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we address this important issue in WSNs by adopting mobility and space-division multiple access (SDMA) technique to optimize system performance. Specifically, a mobile data collector, for convenience, called SenCar in this paper, is deployed in a WSN. It works like a mobile base station and polls each sensor while traversing its transmission range. Each sensor directly sends data to the SenCar without any relay so that the lifetime of sensors can be prolonged. We also consider applying SDMA technique to data gathering by equipping the SenCar with two antennas. With SDMA, two distinct compatible sensors may successfully make concurrent data uploading to the SenCar. Intuitively, if the SenCar can always simultaneously communicate with two compatible sensors, data uploading time can be cut into half in the ideal case. We focus on the problem of minimizing the total time of a data gathering tour which consists of two parts: data uploading time and moving time. To better enjoy the benefit of SDMA, the SenCar may have to visit some specific locations where more sensors are compatible, which may adversely prolong the moving path. Hence, an optimum solution should be a tradeoff between the shortest moving path and full utilization of SDMA. We refer to this optimization problem as mobile data gathering problem with SDMA, or MDG-SDMA for short. We formalize the MDG-SDMA problem into an integer program (IP) and then propose three heuristic algorithms that provide practically good solutions to the problem. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can greatly reduce the total data gathering time compared to the non-SDMA algorithm with only minimum overhead.
Chemical vapor infiltration of SiC with microwave heating

A mathematical model was developed to elucidate the interaction between transport/reaction processes and the evolution of porosity in chemical vapor infiltration with microwave heating (MCVI). The analysis included a set of partial differential equations describing the spatiotemporal variation of gaseous species concentration, composite temperature, porosity, and stress. Maxwell's equations were used to determine the distribution of power dissipated inside the composite. The deposition of silicon carbide was selected as a model chemical system to explore the general features of MCVI. MCVI can provide a favorable temperature distribution in the composite yielding an inside-out deposition pattern, thereby preventing entrapment of accessible porosity. For this temperature profile, tensile stresses develop at the outer regions and compressive stresses are found in the composite core. For a given system there exists a minimum value of the coefficient for heat transfer from the composite surface, h, below which accessible porosity is trapped within the composite. Similarly, there exists a maximum value of the incident microwave energy flux, I0, above which accessible porosity is trapped within the composite. I0 and h can be optimized for a given preform to achieve complete densification with minimum processing time. Using the technique of pulsed-power, the processing time can be reduced even further without compromising density uniformity. Power dissipation profiles in the composite depend strongly on preform thickness, microwave frequency, and relative loss factor.
Intruder-normal-state mixing in 30 Mg

In 30Mg, existing data for B(E2) strengths connecting the ground and excited 0+ states to the first 2+ state have been used, together with earlier shell-model predictions of normal and intruder E2 strengths, to estimate the intruder-normal state mixing in the 0+ and 2+ states. Resulting mixing is small, as expected, and for the ground state my value of 0.11(7) has a larger uncertainty, but is in quantitative agreement with the estimate of 0.0319(76) obtained earlier from the measured E0 strength connecting the 0+ states. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics | Physics Comments Fortune, H. T. (2012). Intruder–normal-state mixing in 30Mg. Physical Review C, 86(2), 024305. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.86.024305 © 2012 American Physical Society This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/physics_papers/257 PHYSICAL REVIEW C 86, 024305 (2012) Intruder–normal-state mixing in 30Mg
Peptide Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Disease

In the not-so-distant past, insoluble aggregated protein was considered as uninteresting and bothersome as yesterday's trash. More recently, protein aggregates have enjoyed considerable scientific interest, as it has become clear that these aggregates play key roles in many diseases. In this review, we focus attention on three polypeptides: beta-amyloid, prion, and huntingtin, which are linked to three feared neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's, "mad cow," and Huntington's disease, respectively. These proteins lack any significant primary sequence homology, yet their aggregates possess very similar features, specifically, high beta-sheet content, fibrillar morphology, relative insolubility, and protease resistance. Because the aggregates are noncrystalline, secrets of their structure at nanometer resolution are only slowly yielding to X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR, and other techniques. Besides structure, the aggregates may possess similar pathways of assembly. Two alternative assembly pathways have been proposed: the nucleation-elongation and the template-assisted mode. These two modes may be complementary, not mutually exclusive. Strategies for interfering with aggregation, which may provide novel therapeutic approaches, are under development. The structural similarities between protein aggregates of dissimilar origin suggest that therapeutic strategies successful against one disease may have broad utility in others.
Short-time Fourier transform receiver for nonstationary interference excision in direct sequence spread spectrum communications

A new adaptive excision approach for nonstationary interference excision in direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) communications is introduced. The proposed excision approach is based on the attractive localization properties of the impulse responses of the multiple pole filters. These impulse responses have Gaussian-like shapes and decrease in bandwidth with higher pole multiplicities. When used as data windows, they field a large class of computationally efficient short-time Fourier transforms (STFTs). Localization measures can be applied to determine the optimum window that maximally concentrates the interference in the time-frequency (t.-f.) domain. Interference mitigation is then achieved by applying a binary excision mask to the corresponding STFT for each data bit. We show that the proposed interference excision method permits both data-dependent windowing and time-varying filtering and leads to improved BER performance of the DS/SS system. The paper also derives the general optimum receiver implementing the STFT-based interference excision system.
A program encouraging early defibrillation results in improved in-hospital resuscitation efficacy.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine whether survival to discharge after in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest could be improved by a program encouraging early defibrillation that included switching from monophasic to biphasic devices. Background In-hospital resuscitation continues to have a low success rate. Biphasic waveform devices have demonstrated characteristics that might improve survival, and outside the hospital, automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have shown promise in improving survival of patients suffering cardiopulmonary arrest. Methods A program including education and replacement of all manual monophasic defibrillators with a combination of manual biphasic defibrillators used in AED mode and AEDs in all outpatient clinics and chronic care units was implemented. Results With program implementation, the percentage survival of all patients with resuscitation events improved 2.6-fold, from 4.9% to 12.8%. Factors independently predicting survival included event location outside an intensive care unit, younger age, an initial rhythm of pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF), pre-arrest beta-blocker, and program initiation. The outcome was independent of gender, race, work shift, number of previous resuscitation attempts, body mass index, comorbidity index, presence of diabetes, presence of hypertension, or use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The improvement in mortality was attributable solely to an effect on patients presenting with VT/VF. Patients with these initial rhythms were 14-fold (odds ratio = 0.07 of death, confidence interval = 0.02 to 0.3) more likely to survive to discharge after program initiation. Automated external defibrillators performed similarly to biphasic manual defibrillators in AED mode. Conclusions A program including education and use of biphasic manual defibrillators in AED mode and selective use of AEDs improved survival to discharge in hospitalized patients suffering from cardiopulmonary arrest.
Cellular Expression Profile for Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Bladder - A Cell Often Misidentified as Myocyte or Myofibroblast

Background: Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) have been identified in urinary bladder of several species, but their presence in mice remains uncertain. Meanwhile, dozens of reports indicate that dysregulation of connexin 43 plays an important role in bladder overactivity, but its localization has not been clearly defined, with reports of expression in either the smooth muscle or in myofibroblasts. We recently identified a population of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (NTPDase2) positive cells that resemble ICC and are distinct from smooth muscle, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and neurons. Thus we sought to define more clearly the molecular signature of ICC and in doing so resolve some of these uncertainties. Principle findings: Immunofluorescent localization revealed that NTPDase2-positive cells lie closely adjacent to smooth muscle but are separate from them. NTPDase2 positive cells exhibited co-localization with the widely accepted ICC marker c-kit. They were further shown to co-localize with other ICC markers CD34 and Ano1, but not with mast cell marker tryptase. Significantly, they show convincing co-localization with connexin 43, which was not present in smooth muscle. The identity of these cells as ICC was further confirmed by the presence of three mesenchymal markers – vimentin, desmin, and PDGFb receptor, which indicates their mesenchymal origin. Finally, we observed for the first time, the presence of merlin/ neurofibromin 2 in ICC. Normally considered a neuronal protein, the presence of merlin suggests ICC in bladder may have a role in neurotransmission. Conclusions: NTPDase2 positive cells in mice bladder are ICC, which can be defined by the presence of c-Kit, CD34, Ano1, NTPDase2, connexin 43, vimentin, desmin, PDGFb receptor and merlin/NF2. These data establish a definitive molecular expression profile, which can be used to assist in explorations of their functional roles, and the presence of NTPDase2 suggests that purinergic signaling plays a role in regulation of ICC function.
Adaptive Mesh Refinement and Multilevel Iteration for Flow in Porous Media

An adaptive local mesh refinement algorithm originally developed for unsteady gas dynamics by M. J. Berger is extended to incompressible flow in porous media. Multilevel iteration and domain decomposition methods are introduced to accommodate the elliptic/parabolic aspects of the flow equations. The algorithm is applied to a two-phase polymer flooding model consisting of a system of nonlinear hyperbolic mass conservation equations coupled to an elliptic pressure equation. While the various numerical methods used have been presented previously, our emphasis is on their consistent combination within the adaptive mesh refinement framework to treat important problems in porous media flow. To achieve efficient, easily maintainable code, we have exploited the features of object-oriented programming for the overall program structure and data management. Examples of algorithmic performance and computational results are provided.
Preparing for and Responding to Bioterrorist Attacks

Components of disease management that are applicable to the development of services for bioterrorism preparedness and response include collaborative practice models, population identification processes, reporting/feedback loops, process and outcome measurements, patient self-management education, and evidence-based practice guidelines. This management system should be flexible and applicable to all possible diseases associated with bioterrorism, while including specific management recommendations for each disease.
Initiation of two distinct forms of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia during programmed ventricular stimulation in man

Abstract Of 42 patients with supraventricular tachycardia related to dual atrioventricular (A-V) nodal pathway conduction, 8 had sustained tachycardia induced during programmed ventricular stimulation. The characteristics of the tachycardia in three patients suggested that the A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia used a slow pathway for anterograde conduction and a fast pathway for retrograde conduction (slow-fast form). In these patients, the retrograde effective refractory period was longer in the slow than in the fast pathway. Ventriculoatrial (V-A) conduction curves (V 1 -V 2 , A 1 -A 2 ) were smooth. Ventricular premature beats, being conducted retrograde over the fast pathway, could activate the slow pathway in an anterograde direction, initiating the slow-fast form of A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia. In the remaining five patients, the tachycardia used a fast pathway for anterograde conduction and a slow pathway for retrograde conduction (fast-slow form). In these patients, the retrograde effective refractory period was longer in the fast than in the slow pathway. V-A conduction curves (V 1 -V 2 , A 1 -A 2 ) could be either smooth or discontinuous if there was a sudden increase in V-A conduction time. Ventricular premature beats, conducted retrograde over the slow pathway, could activate the fast pathway in an anterograde direction, establishing a tachycardia circuit in reverse of the slow-fast form. In both groups of patients, the ventricular pacing cycle length appeared to be a crucial factor in the ability to expose functional discordance between the two A-V nodal pathways during retrograde conduction. The fast-slow form of A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia, similar to the slow-fast form, could also be induced during atrial premature stimulation in two patients. In this situation, the slow pathway having an anterograde effective refractory period longer, than that of the fast pathway was a requisite condition; anterograde A-V nodal conduction curves (A 1 -A 2 , H 1 -H 2 ) were smooth. Atrial premature beats, conducted anterograde over the fast pathway, could activate the slow pathway in a retrograde direction resulting In an atrial echo or sustained fast-slow form of A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia.
“Boys Will Be Boys” and Other Gendered Accounts An Exploration of Victims' Excuses and Justifications for Unwanted Sexual Contact and Coercion

An examination of 944 victim narratives from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) finds that one in five women who reveal an incident of sexual victimization to the NCVS excuse or justify their situations, largely by drawing on social vocabularies that suggest male sexual aggression is natural, normal within dating relationships, or the victim's fault. The study's findings substantiate the influence that rape myths and gender stereotypes have on victims' perceptions of their own unwanted sexual situations and demonstrate the ways in which cultural language delimits victims' recognition of sexual victimization as crime and inhibits reporting to the police.
Relationship Between Production and Days Open at Different Levels of Herd Production

Abstract Five production variables and days open were analyzed using 611,680 records from 348,243 cows in 5694 herds enrolled in the Wisconsin DHI program. Production variables included 305-d milk production and several production measures adjusted for combinations of mature equivalent, fat and protein content, and effects of days open. Herds were divided into four groups by herd production. Heritability estimates for production variables ranged from .27 for mature equivalent milk that was corrected for fat and protein content and adjusted for days open to .34 for mature equivalent milk and for mature equivalent milk that was adjusted for days open. Adjustment of production records for days open had little impact on heritability estimates of production traits. Heritability for days open was approximately .05. Heritability estimates were larger for all measures of production and for days open for the herds with higher mean production. The effects of parity and season were important for both adjusted and unadjusted measures of production. After production variables were adjusted for mature equivalent factors, large differences remained between REML estimates of fixed effects of parity and season. For days open, estimates were larger for later parity cows and were highest for cows calving during spring. For measures of production, estimates were largest between first and second parity cows and between winter and summer calvings. Within herd, days open were longer for cows with higher production. Regressions of days open on production records that were not adjusted for days open were significantly larger for the herds at lower production.
New Metal Nitride Compounds: Can they be Synthesized at High-Pressures?

We apply our procedure of including nitrogen fugacity into thermochemical calculations to compute phase diagrams in the rhenium-nitrogen and ruthenium-nitrogen systems. The combination of first-principle and thermochemical calculations let us predict the sequential nitridation of Re at high-pressure/high-temperature conditions. At 3000 K, Re will react with nitrogen at about 32 GPa yielding ReN. Formation of ReN2 with CoSb2-type structure is predicted for pressures exceeding 50 GPa at this temperature. The recently proposed marcasite-type RuN2 will be attainable at 3000 K at pressures above 30 GPa from a mixture of Ru and RuN2
A Comprehensive Review of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC)

Review of : Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli; Vanessa Sperandio and Carolyn H. Hovde (ed.); (2015). ASM Press, Washington, DC. 553 pages.
Simultaneous determination of alachlor, metolachlor, atrazine, and simazine in water and soil by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

A multiresidue method was developed for the simultaneous determination of low parts per billion (ppb) concentrations of the herbicides alachlor, metolachlor, atrazine, and simazine in water and soil using isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Known amounts of /sup 15/N,/sup 13/C-alachlor and /sup 2/H/sub 5/-atrazine were added to each sample as internal standards. The samples were then prepared by a solid phase extraction with no further cleanup. A high resolution GC/low resolution MS system with data acquisition in selected ion monitoring mode was used to quantitate herbicides in the extract. The limit of detection was 0.05 ppb for water and 0.5 ppb for soil. Accuracy greater than 80% and precision better than 4% was demonstrated with spiked samples.
An Overset Unstructured Mesh Discontinuous Galerkin Approach for Aerodynamic Problems

We present a novel approach for the simulation of aerodynamic configurations where vortical and wake effects are important. The approach makes use of a well established Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes unstructured mesh solver in the region near the body geometry, in order to efficiently handle the associated geometric complexity in these regions. In the off-body regions, a high-order (up to 6th order) accurate Discontinuous Galerkin discretization is used to accurately capture wake and vortical effects. The near body and off-body solvers operate on separate overlapping meshes and a separate software module is invoked to compute and manage the time-dependent interpolations between the two grid systems. The approach is demonstrated on the canonical problem of an isentropic convecting vortex and for the steady-state flow over a lifting wing with resolved wing tip vortex.