cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic Changes in the Paternal Germline

Germ cells function to transmit genetic information from one generation to the next. In mammals, mature male germ cells are uniquely specialized in order to overcome the challenges associated with achieving fertilization within the female reproductive tract, and to provide a single chromosomal complement to offspring. Male germ cell development, including primordial germ cell and gonocyte development, and spermatogenesis, entails numerous epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, histone variant incorporation, and small-RNA mediated processes, which promote meiosis and structural remodeling. Moreover, male germ cells must also be epigenetically reset, or reprogrammed, in order to establish a new generation. During embryonic development, primordial germ cells are cleared of somatically associated epigenetic marks, and new marks are established that are sex-specific as well as germline-specific. Additionally, after fertilization occurs, the paternal pronucleus is epigenetically reprogrammed in early zygotic stages, allowing for embryonic totipotency. While epigenetic reprogramming events are nearly genome-wide, some modifications are retained at select loci. Thus, it is possible that epigenetic information is transgenerationally inherited via the paternal germline. This chapter provides a comprehensive review on known epigenetic changes that occur during male germ cell development, as well as questions that remain unanswered in the field. Finally, clinical implications for altered epigenetic states are discussed.
The causes of total knee arthroplasty failure: Avoiding your next revision

Abstract This article is a personal retrospective of the author׳s more than 35 years of experience as an arthroplasty surgeon and specifically addresses how to avoid revision total knee arthroplasty. 1.Avoid revision surgery if the patient is satisfied, unless imminent danger of prosthetic failure appears. 2.Use proper technique at the primary arthroplasty to avoid the problems of aseptic loosening, instability, malalignment, and infection that force most revisions. Scrupulous attention to detail in patient selection and operative technique at the primary surgery will help avert revision surgery. 3.Remember that surgical technique is prosthesis specific. Understanding the design and insertion philosophy of each implant is crucial to success; every implant system is different. 4.Strive to understand the underlying reason that an arthroplasty has failed to make a patient satisfied and fix the problem at revision. If the reason for revision is unclear, it is unlikely that surgery will make the patient better. 5.Avoid revision surgery if the problem is pain with no identifiable, surgically correctable problem. 6.Maintain strict selection criteria for obese patients, who have higher prevalence of problems that can lead to total knee revision. Surgeons who operate on obese patients likely will have more revision cases. Often, however, obese patients have gratifying results in terms of pain relief and improved function.
Functional anatomy of the mammalian sperm flagellum.

The eukaryotic flagellum is the organelle responsible for the propulsion of the male gamete in most animals. Without exception, sperm of all mammalian species use a flagellum for swimming. The mammalian sperm has a centrally located 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubule doublets and hundreds of accessory proteins that together constitute an axoneme. However, they also possess several characteristic peri-axonemal structures that make the mammalian sperm tail function differently. These modifications include nine outer dense fibers (ODFs) that are paired with the nine outer microtubule doublets of the axoneme, and are anchored in a structure called the connecting piece located at the base. The presence of the ODFs and connecting piece, and the absence of a basal body, dictate that physical forces generated by the dynein motors are transmitted to the base of the flagellum through the ODFs. Mammalian sperm flagella also possess a mitochondrial and a fibrous sheath that encircle most of the axoneme. These sheaths and the ODFs add mechanical rigidity to the flagellum creating the functional effect of increasing bend wavelength, which requires the entrainment of more dynein motors in the production of a single wave. The sheaths also act as a retinaculum and maintain the integrity of the central axoneme when large bending torques are generated by dynein. Large torque production is crucial to the process of hyperactivation and the unique motility transitions associated with effective fertilizing capacity. Consequently, these specialized anatomical features are essential for the effective interaction of sperm with the female reproductive tract and ovum. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Perpetual Prisoner Machine: How America Profits from Crime

(2001). The Perpetual Prisoner Machine: How America Profits from Crime. Public Integrity: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 101-105.
Generalized Description of the Frequency Characteristics of Resistors

The real resistor in AC current can be described as an impedance Z of components changed with frequency. The real part R s of this impedance is not equal to the resistance R in the DC current, and there is the imaginary component X s, both frequency dependent. A three-element equivalent circuit including the resistance R as the main parameter and the residual parameters: serial inductance L and a parallel capacitance C is the basic AC model of a real resistor. Frequency characteristics of impedance Z components of this model in relative to R values r s, x s are given. Patterns of these components in generalized form, i.e. as functions of the relative values of characteristic resistance \( \rho = R\sqrt {{C \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {C L}} \right. \kern-0pt} L}} \) and characteristic frequency \( \eta = \omega \sqrt {C\,L} \) of this equivalent circuit are determined and their frequency curves for a few values of ρ are shown. Variants of this model with four models of connections are analyzed. Relative errors δR, δX and \( \delta Z\mathop = \limits^{{\text{def}}} \sqrt {\delta R^{2} + \delta X^{2} } \) are also find. Few numerical examples are given and considerations are of changes of errors in the frequency band. Some conclusions are included.
Glioblastoma therapy can be augmented by targeting IDH1-mediated NADPH biosynthesis

NADPH is a critical reductant needed in cancer cells to fuel the biosynthesis of deoxynucleotides and antioxidants and to sustain stress-survival responses after radiation-induced DNA damage. Thus, one rational strategy to attack cancer cells is to target their heavy reliance on NADPH. Here, we report that the isocitrate dehydrogenase IDH1 is the most strongly upregulated NADPH-producing enzyme in glioblastoma (GBM). IDH1 silencing in GBM cells reduced levels of NADPH, deoxynucleotides, and glutathione and increased their sensitivity to radiation-induced senescence. Rescuing these metabolic restrictions was sufficient to reverse IDH1-mediated radiosensitization. In a murine xenograft model of human GBM, we found that IDH1 silencing significantly improved therapeutic responses to fractionated radiotherapy, when compared with either treatment alone. In summary, our work offers a mechanistic rationale for IDH1 inhibition as a metabolic strategy to improve the response of GBM to radiotherapy. Cancer Res; 77(4); 960-70. ©2016 AACR.
Augmented reality with Microsoft HoloLens holograms for near infrared fluorescence based image guided surgery

Near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) based image guided surgery aims to provide vital information to the surgeon in the operating room, such as locations of cancerous tissue that should be resected and healthy tissue that should to be preserved. Targeted molecular markers, such as tumor or nerve specific probes, are used in conjunctions with NIRF imaging and display systems to provide key information to the operator in real-time. One of the major hurdles for the wide adaptation of these imaging systems is the high cost to operate the instruments, large footprint and complexity of operating the systems. The emergence of wearable NIRF systems has addressed these shortcomings by minimizing the imaging and display systems’ footprint and reducing the operational cost. However, one of the major shortcomings for this technology is the replacement of the surgeon’s natural vision with an augmented reality view of the operating room. In this paper, we have addressed this major shortcoming by exploiting hologram technology from Microsoft HoloLens to present NIR information on a color image captured by the surgeon’s natural vision. NIR information is captured with a CMOS sensor with high quantum efficiency in the 800 nm wavelength together with a laser light illumination light source. The NIR image is converted to a hologram that is displayed on Microsoft HoloLens and is correctly co-registered with the operator’s natural eyesight.
Airway Patency in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Primary and Revisional Techniques

Recognition of patients who are at high risk for developing post rhinoplasty airway obstruction is essential. These patients may be at risk because of certain anatomic characteristics or may have a preexisting degree of airway obstruction from previous nasal surgery. Revisional rhinoplasty should address both functional and aesthetic deformities. The author presents illustrative primary and revisional cases. The use of spreader grafts, columellar grafts, batten grafts, and pyriform aperture widening is discussed. The author advocates incorporating these techniques in order to enhance nasal aesthetics as well as function.
Use Of Capsaicin In The Treatment Of Radicular Pain In Spinal Cord Injury

AbstractA 36-year-old man with degenerative disease of the spine and cervical syringomyelia (syrinx) presented with new weakness and numbness in his left upper extremity. Examination revealed decreased range of motion (ROM) , swelling, weakness, and diminished pinprick, vibratory, and proprioceptive sensation in the left upper extremity. Radiographic examination showed a severe destructive arthropathy; a biopsy ruled out malignancy. A culture was negative for infection, and a repeat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a patent syringa-peritoneal shunt with no change in syrinx size. He was diagnosed with a Charcot shoulder. Treatment consisted of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, passive motion exercises, and a protective sling.The patient with syringomyelia may experience sensory loss that prevents normal guarding, resulting in repetitive trauma and eventual joint destruction. Appropriate assessment, diagnostic work-up, and treatment are essential in the management of the Charcot joint. Patie...
Fire regimes and forest resilience: alternative vegetation states in the West African tropics

Terrestrial ecosystems, including tropical forests, are hypothesized to have tipping points beyond which environmental change triggers rapid and radical shifts to novel alternative states. We explored the overarching hypothesis that fire-mediated alternative stable states exist in the semi-deciduous tropical forest zone of Ghana, and that increased fire activity has pushed some forests to a new state in which a novel ecosystem with low tree density is maintained by fire. We combined a 30-year time series of remotely-sensed data with field measurements to assess land cover trends, the effects of fire on forest vegetation, and the reciprocal effects of vegetation change on fire regimes, in four forest reserves. We analyzed precipitation trends to determine if shifts in vegetation and fire regime reflected a shift to a drier climate. Two of the reserves experienced forest loss, were impacted by frequent fires, and transitioned to a vegetation community dominated by shrubs and grasses, which was maintained by fire–vegetation feedbacks. The other two reserves experienced less fire, retained higher levels of forest cover, and resisted fire encroachment from surrounding agricultural areas. Precipitation remained relatively stable, suggesting a hysteresis effect in which different vegetation states and fire regimes coexist within a similar climate. There is potential for human land use and fire to create novel and persistent non-forest vegetation communities in areas that are climatically suitable for tropical forests. These disturbance-mediated regime shifts should be taken into account when assessing future trajectories of forest landscape change in West Africa.
Estimating correlation between multivariate longitudinal data in the presence of heterogeneity

Estimating correlation coefficients among outcomes is one of the most important analytical tasks in epidemiological and clinical research. Availability of multivariate longitudinal data presents a unique opportunity to assess joint evolution of outcomes over time. Bivariate linear mixed model (BLMM) provides a versatile tool with regard to assessing correlation. However, BLMMs often assume that all individuals are drawn from a single homogenous population where the individual trajectories are distributed smoothly around population average. Using longitudinal mean deviation (MD) and visual acuity (VA) from the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS), we demonstrated strategies to better understand the correlation between multivariate longitudinal data in the presence of potential heterogeneity. Conditional correlation (i.e., marginal correlation given random effects) was calculated to describe how the association between longitudinal outcomes evolved over time within specific subpopulation. The impact of heterogeneity on correlation was also assessed by simulated data. There was a significant positive correlation in both random intercepts (ρ = 0.278, 95% CI: 0.121–0.420) and random slopes (ρ = 0.579, 95% CI: 0.349–0.810) between longitudinal MD and VA, and the strength of correlation constantly increased over time. However, conditional correlation and simulation studies revealed that the correlation was induced primarily by participants with rapid deteriorating MD who only accounted for a small fraction of total samples. Conditional correlation given random effects provides a robust estimate to describe the correlation between multivariate longitudinal data in the presence of unobserved heterogeneity (NCT00000125).
16 – The Law of Search and Seizure

In this chapter, we will be examining how two amendments in the Bill of Rights limit the actions of public officials and how those limitations might alter the range of permissible responses to any kind of public emergency. The Fourth Amendment imposes restrictions on searches and seizures of both individuals and property. Although these restrictions are most commonly applicable in the context of ordinary criminal prosecutions, they can also affect how emergency officials respond to an emergency. The Fifth Amendment provides a general rule that the government must pay “just compensation” whenever it “takes” private property for a public use—known as the Takings Clause. During an emergency, the Takings Clause could be triggered by such things as forced closures or evacuations and the commandeering of health institutions for purposes such as quarantine.
Finding Essential Variables in Empirical Asset Pricing Models

The author develops the alternative methodology in (1) cross-sectional properties of presumed (economic) factors/proxies that are considered essential for asset returns asymptotically, and (2) test statistics that can be applied to test these cross-sectional properties for empirical asset pricing models. Many model specification tests for these models have emphasized the statistical inferences on time-series properties of estimators and test statistics.
Dynamic Response of Magnetically Supported Rotor

A theoretical analysis of the dynamic response of a rotor supported in magnetic bearings is presented. This predicted response is compared with the experimental response of a small rotor subjected to an impulse loading produced by a spring loaded solenoid. Theoretical and experimental results are compared for various stiffness and damping settings for magnetic bearings.
Bands, Bonds, and Boundaries

Many of the most complex forms of matter may be considered to be built up of large, isolated clusters of atoms or large numbers of periodic and aperiodic clusters of several atoms or more. As examples we may cite: 1. Isolated polyatomic molecules 2. “Molecular” crystals with many atoms per unit cell. 3. Impurity and defect clusters in an otherwise perfect crystal. 4. Amorphous materials 5. Macromolecules important in polymer science and biology.
Reactions of dialdehyde starches and wheat proteins

The reaction of dialdehyde starches and the wheat proteins was attempted with twin objectives: 1) to obtain a high polymeric product (plastics, adhesives, rubbers, films, etc.) of commercial importance and 2) to find economic utilization of both wheat gluten and dialdehyde starches. Vital wheat gluten contains at least nine different kinds of proteins in a highly complicated molecular structure, which is yet to be explored. The other reactant, DAS, which is the periodate oxidation product of the parent starch, is, however known both chemically and structurally. Because of the handicaps of unknown molecular structure of gluten and non-existence of a very good solvent for both of these reactants, the first phase of the work was somewhat trial and error type -with the use of different dispersants for gluten and DAS. After a lot of such painstaking trial and error research, the product obtained was a good adhesive for wood to wood bonding. With the idea about the dispersants for the reactants (e. g. 5% acetic acid for gluten and 5% sodium bisulfite solution for DAS), and the reaction conditions, the experiments were channeled towards optimizing the reaction variables to obtain the best possible adhesive. This was done by carrying out the adhesion experiments using the best reaction product. These experiments were designed by using statistical model and the results were analyzed statistically. These experiments not only gave conclusions to the optimum conditions, but
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections and Pelvic Organ Prolapse

A 65-yr-old woman presents with a history of chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs) for the past 8 mo. As soon as appropriate antibiotics are stopped, she gets another UTI. Antibiotic prophylaxis has not helped. She also notes recent onset of some urge incontinence and straining to void. On exam, she has significant atrophic vaginitis and a cystocele to the introitus with strain. There is a question of some apical prolapse as well. Postvoid residual (PVR) is 180 cc.
Bioluminescence-based ATP assays using a charge-coupled device imaging system.

Imaging ATP The determination of cell viability is an integral component in assessing the results of biomedical experiments and is often measured by the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from...
Multistage Stochastic Models for Shale Gas Artificial Lift Infrastructure Planning

Abstract Artificial lift methods (ALMs) are used to lift the accumulated fluids from wells and to help sustain their performances. This paper presents two multistage stochastic programming models (SMILP1 and SMILP2) to solve the artificial lift infrastructure planning problem by maximizing the expected net present value. The models incorporate endogenous uncertainty of production after a selected ALM is installed. The decisions are which ALMs to deploy, and their installation and removal times. Both models are applied to determine the artificial lift infrastructure plan (ALIP) for a hypothetical case study constructed based on Woodford Shale Horizontal Well for three different planning horizons. For the 16-month planning horizon case, the value of the stochastic solution is $163,831, which is a 5 % increase with respect to the deterministic solution. The solution times for SMILP2 are up to two orders of magnitude shorter when compared to those for SMILP1.
Regulation of Gap Junctional Communication in Mouse L Cells by cAMP

Abstract Elevation of intracellular cAMP increases gap junctional communication, elevates the level of Cx43 protein, its phosphorylation and localization to cell-cell contacts to form junctional plaques. Expression of cadherins reduces the basal and the cAMP-induced communication but has no effect on Cx43 protein level or phosphorylation.
Author Correction: Spinocerebellar ataxias: prospects and challenges for therapy development.

In Table 3 of this article as originally published, a sentence within the column “Comments” in the row “SCA6” contains an error. The text incorrectly reads “Needs rigorous preclinical studies in SCA3 animal models”. This sentence has been corrected to “Needs rigorous preclinical studies in SCA6 animal models” in the PDF and HTML versions of the article.
Individuelle Schulung von Hämodialysepatienten

Adharenz verringert Komplikationen im Krankheitsverlauf und erhoht die Lebensqualitat und -erwartung von Patienten. Die vorliegende Arbeit uberpruft, ob sich die Adharenz bei Menschen mit Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) durch eine 2-teilige Schulung zur Nieren- und Dialysefunktion steigern lasst. Nach den Prinzipien der Salutogenese sowie einem ressourcen-orientierten Verstandnis von Adharenz wurde vermutet, dass die Schulungen die Betroffenen dazu ermutigen, sich selbstbestimmt und eigenverantwortlich an der Therapie zu beteiligen. Dazu wurde in dem Schulungsprogramm auf leichte Verstandlichkeit der Sachinformationen, gehirngerechtes Lernen und individuelle Zielsetzung fokussiert. Es zeigte sich, dass die Schulung den Menschen mit CKD dabei half, niedrigere Serum-Phosphat-Werte und verringerte Ultrafiltrationswerte zu erreichen. Die Auswertung einer zusatzlichen Befragung der Patienten ergab, dass der Grund hierfur v. a. ein gesteigertes Wissen uber Nieren- und Dialysefunktion war. Es wird diskutiert, unter welchen Bedingungen eine derartige Intervention in der Praxis sinnvoll implementiert werden kann. Die Ergebnisse werden im Kontext der nephrologischen Pflege gesehen.
Unique Metasomal Musculature in Sweat Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae) Revealed by Micro-CT Scanning

Bees of the family Halictidae (Apoidea: Anthophila) have three pairs of thick, bundled muscles that are circular to subcircular in cross section within the first metasomal segment, as revealed by micro-CT scanning of 16 species in 15 genera of five bee families. In nonhalictids and the basal halictid subfamily Rophitinae, these muscles are planar (flat and sheetlike), typically lying between the anterior air sacs and abdominal wall. In Nomiinae and Halictinae, these muscles, especially the dorsal-ventral pair, bulge into air-sac space, partly enveloped by air-sac membrane. A possible function may be to facilitate metasomal compression and contraction, and thus air flow. The bundled shape of these derived halictid muscles is similar to that of flight muscles, but further data is needed to determine if they are fibrillar, which would suggest a completely different function.
Eudaimonic Performance Review System: Because humans made machines and not the other way around

This paper proposes a new performance evaluation system -Eudaimonic Performance Review (EPR) System against the conventional bell curve system. EPR model is based on 3 main ideas - goals compatibility, neutralizing Power Distance and real time modeling. A pre-test survey was conducted to examine the constructs. Findings show significant percentage of employees oppose the bell curve and seek EPR system. An inspiration to write this paper comes from harsh work-experiences with bell curve system while working with a French-based MNC in Mumbai, India. This paper is an effort to bring the change we wish to see in the world. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first to propose a ‘real time’ PR model. We believe that fitting into standardized graphs is likely a job of machines, but we are humans hence evaluation should be Eudaimonic (“happy”) in nature.
Applied Quantitative Finance (3rd ed.)

This section will review those books whose content and level reflect the general editorial policy of Technometrics. Publishers should send books for review to Ejaz Ahmed, Department of Mathematics ...
Flutter and post-flutter constraints in aircraft design optimization

Abstract Flutter is a dynamic aeroelastic instability driven by the interaction of inertial, elastic, and aerodynamic forces. It is an undesirable phenomenon in aircraft because it causes divergent oscillations that may lead to structural damage or failure, performance and ride comfort degradation, or loss of control. If flutter is discovered at the aircraft certification stage, costly redesign is required. Performing flutter analysis early in the design process can mitigate this problem. Furthermore, including flutter analysis as a constraint in multidisciplinary design optimization reduces the risk of costly modifications late in the design cycle. We review the methods for flutter analysis in the context of aircraft design optimization. We also include methods for predicting post-flutter limit cycle oscillations due to the increasing impact of nonlinear effects on future aircraft. While there has been extensive work in flutter and post-flutter analyses, developing design optimization constraints associated with these analyses has additional requirements, such as acceptable computational cost, function smoothness, robustness, and derivative computation. We discuss these requirements and review efforts in the development, implementation, and application of flutter and post-flutter constraints in aircraft design optimization. We conclude the paper by summarizing the current state of this field and the main open problems. Flutter constraints have been included in structural optimizations, but optimizing both the structural sizing and the aerodynamic shape remains a challenge due to the need to recompute the aerodynamic properties at each design iteration. Additional difficulties arise in the presence of large structural deflections and transonic flow conditions due to the dependency of the flutter point on the equilibrium state and the high cost of nonlinear computations. Post-flutter constraints have rarely been included into design optimization, but they are crucial in the prevention of undesirable limit cycle oscillations. Implementing such constraints requires the development of more efficient and robust prediction methods that can handle realistic configurations. While this paper focuses on flutter and post-flutter constraints for aircraft design optimization applications, the considerations and challenges are broadly applicable to the optimization of engineering systems including stability and post-critical dynamic constraints.
Influence of Abdominal Strength, Back-Extensor Strength, and Trunk Strength Balance upon Antero-Posterior Alignment of Elementary School Girls

Abstract This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between antero-posterior alignment of the trunk and strength of the muscles which flex and extend the trunk. Two hundred and ten elementary-school girls were given abdominal and back-extensor strength tests; postural photographs were evaluated to determine antero-posterior alignment. The results showed significant relationships between trunk strength and alignment. A low but definite relationship exists between back-extensor strength and alignment.
Nonexistence of constrained efficient production plans

Abstract Any normative theory is based on a standard of social welfare. When markets are incomplete, the usual standard is constrained efficiency: A planner who may only use traded assets for transfers of future income cannot achieve a Pareto improvement. This paper points out that constrained efficiency is a weak basis for the normative theory of the firm. Unless short sales are restricted, a constrained Pareto optimum need not exist. This nonexistence problem is robust to perturbations of endowments and leads to surprising economic outcomes: Even though Dreze equilibria are the only candidates for constrained efficient plans, all of them can be Pareto dominated by equilibria with alternative objectives of the firm.
Actitudes hacia el español hablado y escrito de los Estados Unidos

espanolEn el presente trabajo se examinan actitudes hacia el espanol hablado y escrito de los Estados Unidos. El analisis parte de un cuestionario que se hizo con hablantes nativos de espanol de diferentes paises del mundo hispanico por medio de un instrumento de coleccion en linea que se llama Survey Monkey. En el mismo participaron 110 hablantes de espanol de Espana, Colombia, Peru, Argentina, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Cuba, Mexico y Chile. Los resultaron muestran el conocimiento y las actitudes que dichos hablantes tienen sobre el espanol de los Estados Unidos, y ofrece algunos signos de vitalizacion y desarrollo del espanol en dicho pais. EnglishIn this paper we analyze attitudes towards spoken and written Spanish Language of the United States. The study is based on a questionnaire submitted to native Spanish speakers from different countries of the Hispanic world through an online collection instrument called Survey Monkey. A total of 110 Spanish speakers from Spain, Colombia, Peru, Argentina, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Mexico and Chile participated. The results show both the knowledge and attitudes that these speakers have about Spanish language in the United States, as well as some signs of vitalization and development of Spanish in that country. francaisDans ce travail on examine des attitudes vis-a-vis de l’espagnol parle et ecrit des Etats-Unis. L’analyse part d’un questionnaire qui a ete fait avec des natifs de l’espagnol appartenant aux differents pays du monde hispanophone. Cela a ete fait avec un instru- ment de collecte de donnees en ligne qui s’appelle Survey Monkey. On a eu la participa- tion de 110 hispanophones d’Espagne, Colombie, Perou, Argentine, Cuba, Porto Rico, Guatemala, Mexique et Chili. Les resultats montrent tant la connaissance que les attitudes que ces gens-la ont sur l’espagnol des Etats-Unis, ainsi que quelques traits de revitalisa- tion et developpement de l’espagnol dans ce pays-la. portuguesEste artigo examina atitudes em relacao ao espanhol falado e escrito nos Estados Unidos. A analise e baseada em um questionario feito com falantes nativos de espanhol de diferentes paises do mundo hispânico por meio de um instrumento de coleta on-line chamado Survey Monkey. Participaram 110 falantes de espanhol da Espanha, Colombia, Peru, Argentina, Cuba, Porto Rico, Guatemala, Mexico e Chile. Os resultados mostram os conhecimentos e atitudes que esses palestrantes tem sobre o espanhol nos Estados Unidos, bem como alguns sinais de vitalizacao e desenvolvimento do espanhol nesse pais
High-Efficiency Fault-Tolerant Three-Level SiC Active NPC Converter for Safety-Critical Renewable Energy Applications

Fault tolerance plays a critical role for power electronic systems in safety-critical applications such as the distributed generation of renewable energy. Particularly, multi-level power converters have been intensively utilized in medium-voltage or high-voltage distributed generations, the circuit topologies of which contain many more switching devices, leading to increased device failure probability. However, one main drawback with the majority of the existing fault-tolerant power converter topologies is the degraded efficiency due to the addition of the redundant phase leg or power semiconductor modules. A new 3-phase 4-leg fault-tolerant active neutral point clamped (ANPC) converter is proposed to tolerate switching faults under faulty condition, which also provides high efficiency under normal healthy condition by leveraging the redundant leg for current sharing with other main phase legs. In this paper, the efficiency of this fault-tolerant ANPC inverter will be investigated under the proposed switching schemes with the current sharing capability. The experimental results verify that this new 3-phase 4-leg fault-tolerant ANPC converter achieves higher efficiency under the current sharing switching scheme than that without current sharing, under normal/healthy operating condition.
Non-Accelerator Physics at √s ~ 40 TeV

In this talk I focus on the relation between particle physics and astrophysics in the interpretation of data from high energy air showers, with particular emphasis on the Fly’s Eye experiment. This experiment has a dual purpose in this energy range --to determine the proton cross section and to determine the spectrum and composition of the primary cosmic rays. As with large collider experiments extensive Monte Carlo simulation is needed to interpret the measurements.
Contemporary Psychodynamic Approaches to Treating Anxiety: Theory, Research, and Practice.

Psychodynamic theory is founded on the idea that much, if not most, of human behavior is influenced by forces and experiences that lie outside of conscious awareness. It posits that despite what we may or may not recognize about our lived experience, an essential connection exists between unconscious processes and everyday psychological functioning. By extension, psychodynamic theory presumes that unconscious conflicts are pathognomonic of anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms more generally. At the same time, the term “psychodynamic” refers not only to that which occurs within one’s mind but also what happens between people and within families, groups, and systems. A comprehensive psychodynamic treatment of anxiety attempts to take into account these multiple domains of experience and functioning (including biological and genetic considerations) and applies a specific therapeutic approach to working with patients based in part on clinical techniques first developed by Sigmund Freud 100 years ago.
The prevalence of athletic pubalgia imaging findings on MRI in patients with femoroacetabular impingement

To determine the prevalence of athletic pubalgia imaging findings on MRI in patients with femoroacetabular impingement and assess for correlative risk factors. A retrospective search identified 156 hips with femoroacetabular impingement and a control group of 113 without femoroacetabular impingement that had an MRI performed between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2018. Two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed studies for the presence of acute osteitis pubis, chronic osteitis pubis, adductor tendinosis, and tendon tear; rectus abdominis tendinosis and tendon tear; and aponeurotic plate tear. Findings were correlated with various clinical and imaging risk factors. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. Imaging findings of adductor tendinosis (p = 0.02) and chronic osteitis pubis (p = 0.01) were more prevalent in FAI patients than controls. Univariate analyses in FAI patients showed that an alpha angle ≥ 60° had a higher prevalence of aponeurotic plate tears (p = 0.02) and adductor tendinosis (p = 0.049). Multivariate analyses showed that an alpha angle ≥ 60° had a higher prevalence of chronic osteitis pubis (OR = 2.27, p = 0.031), sports participation had a higher prevalence of adductor tendon tears (OR = 4.69, p = 0.013) and chronic osteitis pubis (OR = 2.61, p = 0.0058), and males had a higher prevalence of acute osteitis pubis (OR = 5.17, p = 0.032). Sports participation, alpha angle ≥ 60°, and male sex predict a higher prevalence of athletic pubalgia imaging findings in patients with femoroacetabular impingement.
Making Chat at Home in the Hospital: Exploring Chat Use by Nurses

In this paper, we examine WhatsApp use by nurses in India. Globally, personal chat apps have taken the workplace by storm, and healthcare is no exception. In the hospital setting, this raises questions around how chat apps are integrated into hospital work and the consequences of using such personal tools for work. To address these questions, we conducted an ethnographic study of chat use in nurses' work in a large multi-specialty hospital. By examining how chat is embedded in the hospital, rather than focusing on individual use of personal tools, we throw new light on the adoption of personal tools at work  specifically what happens when such tools are adopted and used as though they were organisational tools. In doing so, we explicate their impact on invisible work [77] and the creep of work into personal time, as well as how hierarchy and power play out in technology use. Thus, we point to the importance of looking beyond individual adoption by knowledge workers when studying the impact of personal tools at work.
Reinventing the Medical Assistant Staffing Model at No Cost in a Large Medical Group.

Mounting nonclinical burdens, declining staff ratios, and rotating staff in large medical groups increase burnout and hamper the joy of primary care practice.1 Some systems invest heavily in additional staff and training to offload this nonclinical work from physicians.2-5 We reorganized our
Empowering Named Data Networks for Ad-Hoc Long-Range Communication

This work leverages Named Data Networks (NDN), an emerging information-centric network architecture, to interconnect diverse wireless links at the network layer and implements flexible routing and forwarding strategies for efficient information dissemination. The system focuses on implementing the interface between NDN and LoRaWAN, and interconnecting LoRaWAN and WiFi via the NDN Forwarding Daemon (NFD) into a ubiquitous ad hoc network, which bears very longrange and multi-hop capabilities for Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. Field experimental results show that the newly built ad hoc network can easily cover a radius of several kilometers and make full use of NDN features to maximize utilization of heterogeneous wireless links and efficiency of information dissemination.
Student Agency in Literacy: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Scholars contend that agency is at the heart of cultivating equitable learning spaces for all learners. While it is intuitive that literacy educators support agency during instruction, there is div...
Quantum Error Correction in Scrambling Dynamics and Measurement-Induced Phase Transition

We analyze the dynamics of entanglement entropy in a generic quantum many-body open system from the perspective of quantum information and error corrections. We introduce a random unitary circuit model with intermittent projective measurements, in which the degree of information scrambling by the unitary and the rate of projective measurements are independently controlled. This model displays two stable phases, characterized by the volume-law and area-law scaling entanglement entropy in steady states. The transition between the two phases is understood from the point of view of quantum error correction: the chaotic unitary evolution protects quantum information from projective measurements that act as errors. A phase transition occurs when the rate of errors exceeds a threshold that depends on the degree of information scrambling. We confirm these results using numerical simulations and obtain the phase diagram of our model. Our work shows that information scrambling plays a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of entanglement in an open quantum system and relates the entanglement phase transition to changes in quantum channel capacity.
Transformative Teams in Health Care: Enhancing Social Work Student Identity, Voice, and Leadership in a Longitudinal Interprofessional Education (IPE) Course

This paper describes social work pedagogy and outcomes in a multi-year longitudinal interprofessional education (IPE) course incorporating B.S.W, and M.S.S.W. students. Social work students participated in an IRB-approved mixed-method study designed to evaluate individual growth and identity transformation throughout the two-semester course. Students’ semi-structured reflection papers (n=113) were analyzed qualitatively to identify core themes. Students voluntarily completed Interprofessional Assessment Scale (IPAS) surveys, a measure of core competencies in interprofessional care, before and after the class (n=48). Social work students reported that they developed increased personal and interprofessional confidence, awareness of social work role in health care, increased social work skills and leadership to use their voice in interprofessional health care teams. All levels of social work students can and should be incorporated into IPE education. Social work educators and practitioners should continue to take leadership in IPE education at all levels of curriculum design and implementation.
Impact of a Standardized Respiratory Therapist-Driven SBT Protocol on Length of Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients

Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV), while life-saving, can lead to significant morbidity, hospital cost, psychosocial and physical risk to a child including death. It is critical to minimize length of mechanical ventilation while also preventing sequelae of failed extubation. Protocols aim to safely and efficiently liberate patients from MV, reducing harmful variations in approach. After implementing a RT-driven spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) protocol in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), we examined its effect on MV days pre/post SBT protocol initiation. Methods: A protocolized, RT-driven SBT was implemented in March 2017. We completed an IRB approved retrospective data review for all MV patients in the PICU between January 2015 and October 2019. We eliminated patients with or who received tracheostomies during their PICU course, those who died, and patients intubated less than 24 hours from analysis. Variables for analysis included; SBT/intubation course, demographics, extubation failure status, MV hours, time of SBT, SBT results, and, time of extubation. Results: 1107 intubations were included (507 pre-SBT, 600 post-SBT) with a median length of MV of approximately 93 hours. With implementation of the protocol, median (IQR) length of MV was reduced from 111 hours to 81 hours (P= 0.00069). No difference was seen in the rate of reintubation within 24 hours. Despite performing SBTs twice daily, the average time between passed SBT and extubation was nearly 13 hours. See Table 1 and Graph 1 for detailed results. Conclusions: After implementation of a fully-integrated RT-driven SBT protocol, length of MV in the PICU was reduced with no increase in extubation failure. Significant length of time between passed SBT and extubation suggest that with more immediate extubation, length of MV could be reduced even further. Additional studies to evaluate this relationship and the possible decrease in MV hours must be done.
Effects of symmetry breaking in the viscous pumping of an oscillating plate in the intermediate Reynolds numbers.

Pumping fluid is essential to numerous applications across a wide range of scales from viscous dominated to inertia driven flows. Most traditional applications occur within a range where inertia is the dominating factor influencing the pump performance, and hence many practical designs are based on mechanisms that rely on this assumption. As one explores smaller devices, however, the increasing effect of viscosity renders these traditional mechanisms ineffective. In the current work, a bio-inspired pump constructed from a two-dimensional oscillating solid and flexible plate to study the effect of diminishing inertia within a narrow channel. The goal is to quantify and better understand the role played by a shift from symmetric to asymmetric kinematics of an oscillating rigid or flexible plate in the transition regime between viscous and inertia dominated flows. This is done through both a temporal asymmetry using a rigid plate (e.g. scallop) and a geometric asymmetry using a passive one-way hinged articulation (e.g. jellyfish). One-way flexibility results in a rigid plate during the effective stroke while permitting a simple hinged articulation during the recovery stroke. The waveform used for the temporally asymmetric case consists of a basic triangle waveform which could generate faster effective strokes than recovery strokes. The results of the single-plate tests indicate that increased asymmetry introduced in the triangular wave actuation leads to increased pumping performance and energy consumption. In the case of flexible plates, the results show that a mass-specific pumping efficiency was higher for a higher actuation frequency at the same Reynolds numbers.
Brain anatomical covariation patterns linked to binge drinking and age at first full drink.

Abstract Binge drinking and age at first full drink (AFD) of alcohol prior to 21 years (AFD
Translational Models and Tools to Reduce Clinical Trials and Improve Regulatory Decision Making for QTc and Proarrhythmia Risk (ICH E14/S7B Updates)

After multiple drugs were removed from the market secondary to drug-induced torsade de pointes (TdP) risk, the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) released guidelines in 2005 that focused on the nonclinical (S7B) and clinical (E14) assessment of surrogate biomarkers for TdP. Recently, Vargas et al. published a pharmaceutical-industry perspective making the case that "double-negative" nonclinical data (negative in vitro hERG and in vivo heart-rate corrected QT (QTc) assays) are associated with such low probability of clinical QTc prolongation and TdP that potentially all double-negative drugs would not need detailed clinical QTc evaluation. Subsequently, the ICH released a new E14/S7B Draft Guideline containing Questions and Answers (Q&As) that defined ways that double-negative nonclinical data could be used to reduce the number of "Thorough QT" (TQT) studies and reach a low-risk determination when a TQT or equivalent could not be performed. We review the Vargas et al. proposal in the context of what was contained in the ICH E14/S7B Draft Guideline and what was proposed by the ICH E14/S7B working group for a "stage 2" of updates (potential expanded roles for nonclinical data and details for assessing TdP risk of QTc-prolonging drugs). Although we do not agree with the exact probability statistics in the Vargas et al. paper because of limitations in the underlying datasets, we show how more modest predictive value of individual assays could still result in low probability for TdP with double-negative findings. Furthermore, we expect that the predictive value of the nonclinical assays will improve with implementation of the new ICH E14/S7B Draft Guideline.
Measuring inequality in community resilience to natural disasters using large-scale mobility data.

While conceptual definitions provide a foundation for the study of disasters and their impacts, the challenge for researchers and practitioners alike has been to develop objective and rigorous measures of resilience that are generalizable and scalable, taking into account spatiotemporal dynamics in the response and recovery of localized communities. In this paper, we analyze mobility patterns of more than 800,000 anonymized mobile devices in Houston, Texas, representing approximately 35% of the local population, in response to Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Using changes in mobility behavior before, during, and after the disaster, we empirically define community resilience capacity as a function of the magnitude of impact and time-to-recovery. Overall, we find clear socioeconomic and racial disparities in resilience capacity and evacuation patterns. Our work provides new insight into the behavioral response to disasters and provides the basis for data-driven public sector decisions that prioritize the equitable allocation of resources to vulnerable neighborhoods. Understanding how cities respond to extreme weather is critical; as such events are becoming more frequent. Using anonymized mobile phone data for Houston, Texas during Hurricane Harvey in 2017, the authors find that mobility behavior exposes neighborhood disparities in resilience capacity and recovery.