cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Krylov subspace iterative methods for time domain equivalent sources method based nearfield acoustical holography

Abstract This paper studies the acoustic field reconstruction on an arbitrarily shaped vibrating surface using the time-domain equivalent source method (ESM) based near-field acoustic holography (NAH) from measurements of the pressure field on a nearby conformal surface. For the classical frequency-dependent ESM, we represent the acoustic field by a set of frequency-dependent monopole sources strategically distributed over a close and conformal surface to the vibrating structure. We demonstrated that in this setup, the ESM representation approximates the classical integral representations, which justifies the ESM as an extension to the classical integral theory. For time-domain ESM in a similar manner, we demonstrate that a set of time-dependent monopole sources approximates the single layer retarded potential and then characterize the acoustic field. The discretization of time-domain ESM produces a matrix system with a particular sparse structure that can be efficiently solved using Krylov subspace iterative methods. The iterative methods that will be of our interest are Conjugate Gradients Normal equation Residual, Conjugate Gradients Normal equation Error and Least Squares QR. To reduce the amplification of measurement in the numerical reconstructions, we combine the proposed iterative methods with heuristic stopping rules like L-curve, Quasi-Optimality, Hanke–Raus, Brezinski–Rodriguez–Seatzu and a posteriori stopping rule. To determine the best combination of reconstruction technique, iteration and stopping rule, we develop a statistical study that uses multiple samples of numerically generated data by Gaussian pulses over a sphere. We produce these samples using a random source position and different noise levels. Finally, we validate our proposed methodology using scattering data from an elastic spherical shell.
Identifying Useful Differences in a Multiple-Head Machine

Many industrial processes include a circular multiple-head machine which runs continuously and which permits a variety of adjustments to the parts of the machine. This paper illustrates several methods for investigating various types of differences by e..
Assessment and the Recreational Sports Program

The focus on learning outcomes has made assessment challenging to recreational sports programs. By providing some context for the assessment movement, providing common terms, reviewing best practices in terms of learning outcomes, and overcoming institutional inertia, one can overcome some of these challenges.
Cosmic Cycles, Time, and Determinism

The doctrine of “cosmic cycles” or a cyclical structure of time plays a rather complex role in the determinism debates of later antiquity. In this chapter, I distinguish what seem to be two distinct historical versions of the doctrine and examine their relevance to the determinism issue. There is, I believe, a Stoic version of eternal recurrence, which tends to be deterministic in intent; but distinguishable from the Stoic is an Academic version, which is susceptible of indeterminist interpretation. I shall suggest that the former fills the role suggested in Chapter Four and in Section D of the proceding chapter: it serves as a sort of metaphysical instantiation of the Stoic principle of universal a tergo causal necessitation. Additionally, it supplies a way to apply, non-trivially, the temporal-frequency model of the alethic modalities to individuals. The Academic version, however, may serve a rather different function: that of metaphysically grounding a concept of “timeless time” or an eternally (atemporally) determinate and complete linear series of of events/states of affairs, which is conveived of as a temporal rather than a causal/series. It is argued, along the way, that both doctrines fill much the sort of function filled by possible worlds in contemporary semantic theory for the alethic modalities. And some of the same meaphysical problems generated by possible worlds — e.g., the question of “identity accros worlds” — also rise with respect to cosmic cycles.
Self-Specializing Mobile Code for Adaptive Network Services

This paper introduces the notion of self-specializing mobile code, a program that is transmitted over a network and automatically customizes itself to its destination. The benefits of this approach, higher performance without compromising safety, is accomplished through a combination of program specialization and program verification. We showh ow self-specializing mobile code can be used to create an adaptive network service, i.e., a service that is transmitted to a destination, where it adapts itself with respect to properties it detects on the destination node. We have designed and implemented an active network, called FAST-net, that is Fast, Adaptive, Safe, and Typed. FASTnet is based on the PLANet active network, but accommodates adaptive network services. Experimental results showad aptive network services can run over 4 times faster than normal network services without compromising the safety of the network.
Differential phosphoprotein profiling by PA-GeLC-MS/MS to define cellular responses to targeted therapies

B43 Molecularly targeted cancer therapies such as antibodies and small molecule signal transduction inhibitors have proved extraordinary value both as single agents and adjuncts to conventional cytotoxic therapy. As examples, hormonal blockade slows progression of breast and prostate cancer while kinase inhibitors have found wide use in treating leukemias and solid tumors. Yet, few agents demonstrate the efficacy and/or safety to reach Phase III trials or clinical use, reflecting off-target effects, patient-to-patient variability and other factors. Clearly, better assays for diagnosis, prediction and monitoring are needed. While simple biomarkers have proved inadequate, molecular signatures that predict tumor sensitivity and report on efficacy or resistance remain to be developed. Multiplexed analysis of gene expression is robust, but targets may be far upstream of transcription. A proteomic approach focused on analysis of signal transduction is an attractive alternative. We have recently developed a straightforward method for definition of global phosphoprotein profiles that may help answer the challenge. Our methodology, dubbed PA-GeLC-MS/MS, involves phosphoprotein affinity purification, separation by SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS and informatic analysis. We exploit stable isotope labeling to differentiate phosphoprotein abundance in pairs of samples, allowing direct comparison of controls with cells treated with targeted agents. We have implemented novel informatic tools to exploit high mass accuracy and isotopic labels that enhance speed and reproducibility of protein identification and quantitation. To validate our approach, we performed phosphoprotein proteome profiling of K562 Ph1+ chronic myelogenous leukemia cells before and after treatment with the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. Phosphoprotein affinity purification led to enrichment of both tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylated proteins. LC-MS/MS analysis identified nearly 2000 proteins from a single gel lane with high confidence. Abundance analysis revealed many proteins differentially regulated by imatinib, including several known Bcr-Abl substrates. Toward applying this approach to circulating CML cells, we will compare imatinib with the second generation agents dasatinib and nilotinib and develop signatures for imatinib resistance. Following a similar path, to reveal markers of tamoxifen sensitivity and resistance, we are profiling breast cancer cell lines based on phosphoprotein enrichment of cytoplasmic proteins. We intend to define signatures of cellular signaling that distinguish malignancies and report effects of targeted agents, with the ultimate goal of developing high-throughput assays compatible with drug discovery and clinical testing.
Questions of Indigeneity and the (Re)-Emergent Ch'orti' Maya of Honduras

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The publisher's official version is accessible from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1935- 4940.2010.01087.x
Applications of cascade nonlinearities to femtosecond pulse generation and propagation

In this paper we show that noninstantaneous Kerr-like phase shifts can be impressed on the fundamental pulse in the nonstationary limit, producing red or blue self-frequency shifts, which correspond to retarded or advanced nonlinear responses.
Radiation-induced Breast Telangiectasias Treated with the Pulsed Dye Laser.

Background and objectives: Radiation dermatitis is a frequent sequela of adjuvant radiation therapy for breast cancer. Clinical manifestations include prominent telangiectasias that may be physically disfiguring and psychologically distressing for the patient. The objective of this study was to review cases of breast cancer patients with radiation-induced breast telangiectasias treated with the pulsed dye laser and assess clinical efficacy. The patient’s perception of treatment was also reviewed. Study design: A retrospective chart review of patients treated for radiation-induced telangiectasias was conducted at the Dermatology Division of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Materials and methods: Pre- and post-clinical photos were used to assess clearance by two independent raters. Patient’s comments were assessed from visit notes and the treating physicians for the impact of treatment on the patient’s overall well-being. Results: All patients (n=11) experienced clinical improvement in the radiation-induced telangiectasias. The mean number of treatments was 4.3 (2–9) with an average fluence of 4.2J/cm2 (585nm platform) and 7.8J/cm2 (595nm) (4–8 J/cm2) used. The mean percent clearance was 72.7 percent (50–90%). Adverse effects were not encountered including those with breast implants or flap reconstruction. Patients reported an improvement in their well-being, including an improved sense of confidence. Limitations: Limitations include the small sample size, nonstandardized digital images, and nonsystematic collection of patient-reported outcomes. Conclusion: The pulsed dye laser is an efficacious treatment for radiation-induced breast telangiectasias. Multiple treatments are required for greater than 50-percent clearance and conservative treatment parameters are advised. Patients also reported an improved quality of life.
Collaborative Teaching in the Face of Productivity Concerns: The Dispersed Team Model

The development of collaborative teaching efforts is briefly reviewed within the context of higher education today, which is a time of declining resources available for such efforts. Therefore costs must be considered in the promotion of collaboration, which most would likely agree is a positive element in the delivery of courses. Models of team coordinated teaching and team teaching are explained, and the authors identify four dimensions of collaboration—integration, interaction, active learning, and faculty autonomy. A successful model, which addresses both quality and cost concerns, is then offered.
A review of factors affecting cave climates for hibernating bats in temperate North America

The fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans, which causes white-nose syndrome in bats, thrives in the cold and moist conditions found in caves where bats hibernate. To aid managers and researchers add...
Hospital-Acquired Infections

Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) are infectious complications of care in any healthcare-related facility. They occur as a result of a breach of the body’s normal defenses and they are often resistant to antibiotic agents. They are often preventable, however, by observing strict infection control practices. In fact, most HAIs are now considered “never events” by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services precisely because they represent a breakdown of such practices. HAIs are often associated with the use of devices (e.g., catheters, endotracheal tubes) and hence are monitored using a standardized device utilization ratio (DUR). Other infections are the result of decubiti or postsurgical wound infections. Still others are infectious complications of injudicious antibiotic use (Clostridium difficile colitis) and are highly contagious if not properly contained. Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Programs (CUSP) and specific bundled measures to prevent device-associated infections (CLABSI, CAUTI, and VAP bundles) have been shown to be extremely effective in the prevention of these infections. At the core of infection control is adequate hand washing and hand sanitizing. These measures are improved by vigilant video surveillance. Infection control measures are historically the oldest of the quality improvement activities in healthcare institutions.
Mechanism of Activation of the Caenorhabditis Elegans Ras Homologue Let-60 by a Novel, Temperature-Sensitive, Gain-of-Function Mutation

The Caenorhabditis elegans let-60 gene encodes a Ras protein that mediates induction of the hermaphrodite vulva. To better understand how mutations constitutively activate Ras and cause unregulated cell division, we have characterized ga89, a temperature-sensitive, gain-of-function mutation in let-60 ras. At 25°, ga89 increases let-60 activity resulting in a multivulva phenotype. At 15°, ga89 decreases let-60 activity resulting in a vulvaless phenotype in let-60(ga89)/Df animals. The ga89 mutation causes a leucine (L) to phenylalanine (F) substitution at amino acid 19, a residue conserved in all Ras proteins. We introduced the L19F change into human H-Ras protein and found that the in vitro GTPase activity of H-Ras became temperature-dependent. Genetic experiments suggest that LET-60(L19F) interacts with GAP and GNEF, since mutations that decrease GAP and GNEF activity affect the multivulva phenotype of let-60(ga89) animals. These results suggest that the L19F mutation primarily affects the intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis by Ras, and that this effect may be sufficient to account for the activated-Ras phenotype caused by let-60(ga89). Our results suggest that a mutation in a human ras gene analogous to ga89 might contribute to oncogenic transformation.
Effects of prestress on vibration behavior of certain shells of revolution

The various contours and boundaries discussed previously are illustrated in Fig. 2. For completeness, the CEP and the projection of the SEP are also shown on the diagram. The example shows the considerable variation possible for different contours associated with the same covariance matrix. The analyst, therefore, must carefully consider the alternatives and their interpretations before making a choice. While in general, there is no "best" geometric interpretation of a Gaussian probability distribution, error ellipses and ellipsoids are usually preferable since they contain more information than the other forms.
When is a triangle not a triangle? Young children's developing concepts of geometric shape

Abstract This paper examines young children's developing concepts of geometric shapes. In Study 1, 54 children from preschool, second and fourth grades, and 12 adults completed a sorting task. Results suggested that older children rely more on rule-based definitions and less on perceptual similarity than younger children when making sorting judgments. The former transition occurs earlier and apparently more abruptly than the latter. These results are generally consistent with Keil's (1989) description of a characteristic-to-defining shift. Study 2 examined the performance of 29 three- and 4-year-olds. Results suggested that few of these children relied on defining features when the overall domain of geometric shapes was considered. In both studies children demonstrated a developmental shift at different times for different shapes. The complexity of each type of shape is proposed to explain these rates of development.
Conducting Polymers Containing peri-Xanthenoxanthenes via Oxidative Cyclization of Binaphthols

We report an electrochemical transformation of binaphthols to give peri-xanthenoxanthene (PXX) groups in small molecules and within polymer backbones. The monomer 7,7′-bis(2,2′-bithiophen-5-yl)-1,1′-bi-2,2′-naphthol (2) was subjected to electropolymerization, resulting in the segmented conducting polymer that is stable at low potentials. However, high-potential electrochemical oxidation promoted cyclization of binaphthol units gives PXX, which transforms the moderately conducting segmented polymer into a highly conducting fully conjugated polymer. This oxidative cyclization is a highly effective means by which to incorporate a planar polycyclic heteroaromatic structure (i.e., PXX) into thiophene-based conducting polymers. A model compound study conclusively proved the proposed oxidative cyclization scheme.
Strain rate dependence of twinning at 450 °C and its effect on microstructure of an extruded magnesium alloy

Abstract Deformation twinning in magnesium alloys at elevated temperatures has received relatively little attention because it is generally deemed that dislocation slip dominates plastic deformation. In this work, twinning at 450 °C in an extruded Mg–Al–Mn magnesium alloy (AM30) was studied by interrupted compression tests at various strain rates within a practical range for lab-scale extrusion (
Oxidation-sensitive low-energy Auger peaks in an aluminum oxide fiber/aluminum-lithium alloy matrix composite

Abstract Auger electron spectroscopy was performed on a continuous aluminum oxide fiber reinforced aluminum-lithium alloy. Area surveys of metal matrix regions yielded two low-energy aluminum peaks (38.0 and 54.5 eV) associated with the main Al LMM line (67.0 eV). These two low-energy peaks were seen to increase linearly with respect to increased oxidation of the metal matrix.
Urethane inhibits genioglossal long-term facilitation in un-paralyzed anesthetized rats

Abstract For ∼3 decades, urethane has been (partially or solely) used as a successful anesthetic in numerous respiratory long-term facilitation (LTF) studies, which were performed on anesthetized, paralyzed, vagotomized and artificially ventilated animals of several different species. However, things become complicated when LTF of muscle activity is studied in un-paralyzed animals. For example, a commonly used acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) protocol failed to induce muscle LTF in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats. But muscle LTF could be induced when hypoxic episode number was increased and/or anesthetics other than urethane were used. In these studies however, neither anesthetic nor paralysis was mentioned as a potential factor influencing AIH-induced muscle LTF. This study tested whether urethane inhibits AIH-induced genioglossal LTF (gLTF) in un-paralyzed ventilated rats, and if so, determined whether reducing urethane dose reverses this inhibition. Three groups of adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized (Group 1: ∼1.6 g kg−1 urethane; Group 2: 50 mg kg−1 α-chloralose +0.9–1.2 g kg−1 urethane; Group 3: 0.9 g kg−1 urethane +200–400 μg kg−1 min−1 alphaxalone), vagotomized and mechanically ventilated. Integrated genioglossus activity was measured before, during and after AIH (5 episodes of 3-min isocapnic 12% O2, separated by 3-min hyperoxic intervals). The AIH-induced gLTF was absent in Group 1 rats (success rate was only ∼1/7), but was present in Group 2 (in 10/12 rats) and Group 3 (in 11/11 rats) rats. The genioglossal response to hypoxia was not significantly different among the 3 groups. Collectively, these data suggest that urethane dose-dependently inhibits gLTF in un-paralyzed anesthetized rats.
Exploring disease through metabolomics.

Metabolomics approaches provide an analysis of changing metabolite levels in biological samples. In the past decade, technical advances have spurred the application of metabolomics in a variety of diverse research areas spanning basic, biomedical, and clinical sciences. In particular, improvements in instrumentation, data analysis software, and the development of metabolite databases have accelerated the measurement and identification of metabolites. Metabolomics approaches have been applied to a number of important problems, which include the discovery of biomarkers as well as mechanistic studies aimed at discovering metabolites or metabolic pathways that regulate cellular and physiological processes. By providing access to a portion of biomolecular space not covered by other profiling approaches (e.g., proteomics and genomics), metabolomics offers unique insights into small molecule regulation and signaling in biology. In the following review, we look at the integration of metabolomics approaches in dif...
Streaming potential investigations: Polymer thin films

Abstract Streaming potential evaluations were carried out on a wide variety of biopolymer and synthetic polymer thin films supported on glass microscope slides. The film-forming and streaming evaluation techniques are sufficiently accurate to provide reproducible results between different investigators. Films evaluated to date include various silanes, albumins, agarose, and synthetic polymers based on hydroxyethyl methacryle (HEMA), n -butyl methacrylate ( n -BMA), and methylacrmethylate (MMA). The effect of negative and positive charge incorporation upon the streaming potential and thus the ζ potential was studied via incorporation of methacrylic acid (MAA) and both HC1 and CH 3 C1 salts of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) into the neutral polymer chains of HEMA, n -BMA, and MMA via copolymerization. Thin films of polystyrene, polydimethyl siloxane, polyvinyl chloride, and avcothane were also evaluated successfully.
Power control, dynamic subchannel allocation, and adaptive modulation for multiuser OFDM systems

ABSTRACT                                   !       " #  $   % %  &'()*   +              "      #             $    ,     # '     -       - '.) & * ,  '         Keywords:                $%  1. INTRODUCTION            %  %  /         -   ,%               ,      &*       0                      ,%   )     123  14563          173  183    193     :          14563        &0.)*     :      #            17593             +    " 173 183             $   /               % %  &'()*     0.)                 +      193       #     193   ,  :  173  183                     %        $         : "           " #    #    '()      %  $    
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: a sheep model of fetal hydrops.

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) can be diagnosed in utero. Nonimmune hydrops associated with CCAM is a predictor of fetal demise. Fetuses with prenatally diagnosed large CCAM tumors and hydrops have undergone successful in utero resection. An animal model is needed to understand the pathophysiology of CCAM and hydrops. To create a model of CCAM and hydrops, the authors implanted an intrathoracic tissue expander in six fetal sheep at 120 days' gestation. The inflatable tissue expander was implanted in the right side of the chest, and arterial, venous, intrathoracic, and intraamniotic pressure catheters were placed. Each day, the expander was inflated with 25 to 50 mL of saline (maximum, 150 mL), ultrasound examination was performed, and all pressure measurements were taken. In all six fetuses, hydrops developed after expander inflation. Expander inflation correlated with an increase in central venous pressure (CVP) (4 +/- 2 mm Hg v 16 +/- 2 mm Hg [mean +/- SD]; P < .05). To simulate in utero CCAM resection, the expander was deflated in four hydropic sheep, resulting in return of the CVP to near baseline and resolution of hydrops. Silicone vascular casts of two postmortem sheep demonstrated lateral displacement and compression of the vena cavae by the expander. The authors successfully created a model of CCAM and hydrops by inflating an intrathoracic tissue expander in fetal sheep. Based on this model, hydrops associated with CCAM results from obstruction of cardiac venous return and central venous hypertension. This pathophysiology is reversed by expander deflation, which simulates in utero CCAM resection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Surface phase diagrams for the Ag-Ge(111) and Au-Si(111) systems

Abstract Based on results from recent structural studies and an overview of the literature, we propose surface phase diagrams for the Au–Si(111) system in the supermonolayer regime and for the Ag–Ge(111) system in the submonolayer region. In addition, time–temperature–transformation (T–T–T) curves are proposed to represent the metastable structures present in surface phase systems.
Abnormal values in control groups during repeated-dose toxicologic studies.

Abstract The quantitative results of different criteria of effect in 5 repeated-dose studies, using rats or dogs, are presented. In these cases, in percentage of lymphocytes, serum urea nitrogen, mortality, body weight, and tumor incidence, it is apparent that statistically significant differences between the chemical-treated and control groups were the result of abnormal values in the concurrently dosed controls. Therefore, it is concluded that, to be indicative of deleterious effect, changes must be produced that are dosage-related and illustrate a trend away from the norm for that stock of animals.
Specific-lon electrode determinations of sulfide preconcentrated from San Francisco Bay waters

Measurements of low-level dissolved-sulfide concentrations in estuarine water from San Francisco Bay have been made using the sulfide-specific electrode after preservation, separation, and preconcentration of the sulfide species. The separation and preconcentration were acheived by coprecipitation of ZnS with Zn(OH)2 followed by collection and dissolution of the precipitate, giving concentration factors up to 160-fold Preconcentration provided sulfide solutions that were adequately measurable within the practical working range of the specific-ion electrode The sulfide detection limit with the preconcentration step is 0 02 μg/l Spike recoveries in the range of 81 to 10 1% have been achieved for laboratory-prepared samples having S2− concentrations as low as 0 6 μg/l and 84 to 100% for an estuarine sample spiked in the field with 2 μg/l (S(−II) Positive correlations have been found between dissolved S(−II) concentrations and concentrations of dissolved Cd, Cu, and Ni, negative correlations have been found between bisulfide (HS−) activity and activities of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Ag+ species
A novel complex of a phenolic derivative with insulin: Structural features related to the T → R transition

The structure of a symmetric T3R3f insulin hexamer, complexed with 4-hydroxybenzamide, has been determined using X-ray crystallographic techniques. Data were measured from six crystals grown in microgravity to a resolution of 1.4 A and the structure has been refined including the contributions from hydrogen atoms. The crystals are isomorphous with T3R3f complexes of phenolic derivatives as well as with uncomplexed forms. Unlike the structures of complexes with phenol, m-cresol, resorcinol, 4'-hydroxyacetanilide, and methylparaben, which bind one phenolic derivative molecule per R- or Rf-state monomer, two molecules of 4-hydroxybenzamide are bound by each Rf-state monomer. The presence of the second guest molecule results in an extensive hydrogen bonding network, mediated by water molecules, between the T- and Rf-state trimers and adds stability to the formation of the hexamer. The only access to these second sites is through three symmetry-related, narrow channels that originate on the surface of the T-state trimer. Although the conformation of the backbone atoms of the monomers is nearly identical to that of other T3R3f hexamers, significant changes are observed in the conformations of side chains in the vicinity of the second binding site. The side chain of the T-state A11 Cys residue, which forms a disulfide bond to A6 Cys in the same monomer, is observed in two discrete conformations; two discrete conformations are also present for the entire A8 Thr residue in the Rf-state monomer. A procedure is also described for an alternate method of interframe scaling and merging intensity data from an image plate detector.
The Influence of Televised Models on Toy Preference in Children.

Eighteen boys and 18 girls aged 4–6 years viewed one of three videotapes in which fantasy characters used culturally stereotyped arguments to assign masculinity, femininity, or sex-role neutrality to a standard set of sex-neutral toys. After viewing the videotape, subjects were observed for 10 minutes in free play with the test toys and with a less attractive set of comparison toys which were not shown. The videotaped portrayal of sex appropriateness significantly affected toy choice. Children of both sexes spent more time playing with the test toys when they were identified as sex appropriate than with the comparison toys. When the test toys were identified as inappropriate for their sex, however, children spent more time playing with the less desirable comparison toys. The implications of these findings were discussed in light of media protrayal of male and female models.
A synthetic peptide with hepatitis B surface antigen reactivity

Abstract A computerized analysis of the amino acid sequence of the hepatitis B surface antigen protein was used to predict the location of an antigenic determinant in a limited portion of the molecule, comprising residues 138 through 149. This sequence was synthesized by the Merrifield procedure and assayed for its ability to bind HBsAg antibodies. The peptide bound up to 9% of antibodies directed to a mixture of ad and ay viral subtypes. The shape of the curve obtained indicates that the peptide may be capable of binding a much greater percentage of such antibodies. The peptide therefore represents a significant antigenic determinant of HBsAg.
Asn-265 of frog kainate binding protein is a functional glycosylation site: implications for the transmembrane topology of glutamate receptors

Kainate binding proteins (KBPs) from frog and goldfish brain are glycosylated, integral membrane proteins. These KBPs are homologous (35-40%) to the C-terminal half of AMPA and kainate receptors which have been shown to form glutamate-gated ion channels. We report here that the frog KBP has three functional N-glycosylation sites. Of particular interest, Asn-265, a residue located between two putative membrane spanning regions of the frog KBP, is a functional N-glycosylation site. A mutation of Ser-267 to Gly renders this site non-functional as shown using an in vitro translation system and by transient expression in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. The mutant receptor protein (S267G), when expressed in HEK cells, binds kainate with high affinity (Kd = 16 nM). These results further support a topology with three transmembrane segments for KBPs and, by sequence homology, for glutamate-gated ion channels.
Generations and Motivations: Russian and other Former Soviet Immigrants in Costa Rica

In this paper, we examine the role that social networks have played in the migration and settlement of Russian and other former Soviet immigrants to Costa Rica. This group of immigrants is of particular interest in that it is an example of migration from a former communist nation to a Third World country, not to the first world (Europe or the United States). Furthermore, a group of Soviet women who married Costa Rican men beginning in the late 1970s set this migration in motion. The objective of our research was to examine the structure and meaning of these immigrants' social networks, and the role that they play in the migration process and during settlement. The findings suggest there is a significant difference in the form and function of the social networks of those immigrants who arrived prior to 1991 (during the Soviet era), and those who came post-1991 and following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Electron-transfer rates govern product distribution in electrochemically-driven P450-catalyzed dioxygen reduction.

Developing electrode-driven biocatalytic systems utilizing the P450 cytochromes for selective oxidations depends not only on achieving electron transfer (ET) but also doing so at rates that favor native-like turnover. Herein we report studies that correlate rates of heme reduction with ET pathways and resulting product distributions. We utilized single-surface cysteine mutants of the heme domain of P450 from Bacillus megaterium and modified the thiols with N-(1-pyrene)-iodoacetamide, affording proteins that could bond to basal-plane graphite. Of the proteins examined, Cys mutants at position 62, 383, and 387 were able to form electroactive monolayers with similar E_(1/2) values (− 335 to − 340 mV vs AgCl/Ag). Respective ET rates (k_so) and heme-cysteine distances for 62, 383, and 387 are 50 s^(-1) and 16 Ǻ, 0.8 s^(–1) and 25 Ǻ, and 650 s^(–1) and 19 Ǻ. Experiments utilizing rotated-disk electrodes were conducted to determine the products of P450-catalyzed dioxygen reduction. We found good agreement between ET rates and product distributions for the various mutants, with larger k_so values correlating with more electrons transferred per dioxygen during catalysis.
Computational intelligence in biological sensing

This paper presents an alternative, computational intelligence based paradigm for biological attack detection. Conventional approaches to this difficult problem include sensor technologies and analytical modeling approaches. However, the processes that constitute the environmental background as well as those which occur as the result of an attack are extremely complex. This phenomenological complexity, in terms of both physics and biology aspects, is a challenge difficult to overcome by conventional approaches. In contrast to such approaches, the proposed approach is centered on automatic learning to discriminate between sensor signals that are in a normal range from those that are likely to represent a biological attack. It is argued that constructing machine learning methods robust enough to perform such a task is often more feasible than constructing an adequate model that could form a basis for bioattack detection. The paper discusses machine learning and multisensor information fusion methods in the context of biological attack detection in a subway environment, including recognition architecture and its components. However, the applicability of the proposed approach is much broader than the subway bioattack protection case, extending to a wide range of CBR defense applications.
Laboratory-Treated Gemstones

Treatment processes to improve the color, appearance, and/or durability of certain gemstones have been used for hundreds of years, and their variety, sophistication, and application within the jewelry trade have increased over the past several decades. Whether or not these enhancement processes are considered acceptable trade practices, their use must legally be disclosed at the time of gemstone sales. Disclosure of treatment information requires that treated gems be correctly identified by gemologists and gemtesting laboratories. Treatment detection is based upon careful documentation of the properties of gem materials, including the use of advanced nondestructive techniques for obtaining chemical and spectral data.
Retroperitoneal Approach for Repair of Inflammatory Aortic Aneurysms

Inflammatory aortic aneurysms (IAAs) are characterized by a markedly thickened aortic wall and dense perianeurysmal fibrosis. The presence of such inflammation and subsequent organ adherence makes surgical repair of IAAs more challenging than repair of simple atherosclerotic aneurysms. From March 1987 to June 1994, twelve patients underwent surgical repair of an IAA by a single surgeon. Ten patients were men (83%) and the mean age was 68.3 years (range 58 to 93 years). All patients except one were symptomatic with back or abdominal pain, yet none had evidence of aneurysm rupture at operation. Preoperatively 90% (9/10) of the patients had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 100% (12/12) had a predictive CT scan, and all patients with aortic wall pathology specimens had their diagnosis confirmed. Six patients had a left flank retroperitoneal surgical approach, five had a transabdominal approach, and one had ligation and extra-anatomic reconstruction. The choice of repair technique was based on the degree and anatomic distribution of perianeurysmal fibrosis. The 30-day operative mortality rate was 0%. Mean follow-up was 56.3 months. Aortoduodenal fistula occurred in one patient 5 months after transperitoneal repair. Technical difficulties encountered during subsequent transperitoneal repairs led to the evolution of a policy in which the retroperitoneal approach was preferred in all patients with CT evidence of IAA. It is concluded that IAA represents a spectrum of retroperitoneal fibrosis and inflammation that is best treated surgically via a retroperitoneal approach.
Maternal behavior and children's sociometric status.

PUTALLAZ, MARTHA. Maternal Behavior and Children's Sociometric Status. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1987, 58, 324-340. Research on the determinants of children's sociometric status has generally ignored the role of parental behavior. In this study, the relation between maternal behavior observed during the play sessions of mother-child pairs and the children's social behavior and sociometric status were examined. In addition, the relation between the children's sociometric status and maternal behavior exhibited when interacting with another mother, as well as child dyadic behavior, was assessed. Results indicated that behaviors exhibited in all 3 contexts (i.e., mother-child, mother-mother, child-child interaction) were related to one another and to sociometric status. Finally, the relation between maternal social knowledge and the social knowledge, behavior, and sociometric status of the children was investigated. Again, analyses revealed significant relations. Implications of these findings in terms of the determinants of social status and preventive intervention programs are discussed.
Multifunctional chemically modified electrodes with mixed cobalt phthalocyanine/nafion coatings.

A novel composite electrode coating based on a mixture of cobalt phthalocyanine and Nafion is described. The resulting film has better properties than either of the two components alone, resulting in several potential-sensing applications. In particular, it exhibits electrocatalytic, preconcentration and permselectivity properties simultaneously. For example, effective differentiation between compounds undergoing electrocatalysis, based on their characteristic charge, is illustrated. Enhanced sensitivity is achieved simultaneously for solutes undergoing electrocatalysis or electrostatic binding. Cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk experiments are employed to characterize the catalytic, loading and transport characteristics. Factors determining the film's performance are explored. The practical analytical utility is illustrated by selective flow-injection measurements of hydrazine or hydrogen peroxide in the presence of oxalic or ascorbic acids, respectively. Low detection limits (e.g., 5.7 ng of hydrazine) are obtained.
The Relationship of Iris Color to Mortality and Egg Production in Single Comb White Leghorns

Abstract THE INTERPRETATION of abnormalities in the color and configuration of the iris of the fowl is of considerable interest to the poultry breeder, the flock-selecting agent and the pathologist. The general recommendation to the people who are culling or selecting birds of the bay-eyed breeds is to discard all individuals which do not have perfect reddish bay irises. Such a program, if rigidly carried out, results in the elimination of large numbers of birds. For this reason, it seems desirable to study further the relation of abnormalities of iris color and configuration, to such economic factors as egg production and rate of mortality. Van der Meulen (1938) in a study of 406 Single Comb White Leghorns, concluded that the production was lower and the rate of mortality was greater in birds with abnormally colored eyes than in those with normal eye color. He also indicated that the greatest rate of . . .
The pectoralis major island flap for coverage in the upper extremity

From July 1, 1978, to July 1, 1980, 26 patients required pedicle flap coverage for acute skin loss defects in the hand and upper extremity. Eighteen patients had groin or abdominal flap coverage, and the pectoralis major island flap (PMIF) was used in eight patients. The circumstances of injury were approximately the same in both groups, consisting of a gunshot wound or electrical injury in over half of the cases. The PMIF was selected more often in proximal and dorsal injuries of the forearm and wrist and in older patients. Two of 13 groin flaps sustained partial necrosis, but none of the abdominal or PMIF flaps necrosed. The principle advantages of the PMIF in these selected cases was fourfold: (1) an extremity placed in a less dependent, sling-like position, (2) mobility, (3) reliability, and (4) a complete inset into the defect. The chest wall donor site defect, however, must be given some consideration.
The Physiology of Hatching of Aedine Mosquito Eggs: Hatching Stimulus

By polarographic determination of the dissolved oxygen concentration of media used to flood eggs of Aedes aegypti and A. nigromaculis , the effect of dissolved oxygen in stimulating hatching was found to be twofold. An inverse relation occurred between dissolved oxygen and hatching of eggs flooded under conditions of static oxygen level, very low levels being required to induce a high degree of hatching. In contrast, even a slight lowering of the oxygen level while eggs were flooded proved a powerful hatching stimulus. A decline lasting several hours was found in the dissolved oxygen level at the soil-water interface of flooded soil, so that a decreasing level, rather merely a very low level, of dissolved oxygen seems to represent the natural mode of stimulation. Exposure of eggs to 50% relative humidity significantly reduced the hatching response as compared with that of eggs kept under high-humidity conditions.
SOME CAUTIONS IN THE USE OF PLACKETT-BURMAN DESIGNS

A great deal of attention has been given to two-level fractional factorial designs such as 2k-p and Plackett-Burman designs, in determining the significant effects in an experiment. This article demonstrates how a design from the 2k-p family can outperf..
Comer's School Development Program in Chicago: A Theory-Based Evaluation

Using fifth through eighth-grade students, the Comer School Development Program was evaluated in 10 inner city Chicago schools over 4 years, contrasting them with nine randomly selected no-treatment comparison schools. Comer schools implemented more program details than the controls but were not faithful to all program particulars. Students' ratings of the school's social climate improved soon after the program began. By the last 2 study years, both the students' and teachers' perceptions of the school's academic climate had also improved relative to the control schools. By these last years, Comer schools had gained about 3 percentile points more than the controls in both reading and math and students reported less acting out on a scale whose items are correlated with more serious offending in later life. Students in Comer schools also endorsed more conventional norms about misbehaving and reported greater ability to control their anger. However, the Comer program did not benefit either students' mental h...
A Dianionic Phosphorane Intermediate and Transition States in an Associative AN+DN Mechanism for the RibonucleaseA Hydrolysis Reaction

The RNaseA enzyme efficiently cleaves phosphodiester bonds in the RNA backbone. Phosphoryl transfer plays a central role in many biochemical reactions, and this is one of the most studied enzymes. ...
Clinical Outcome of Primary Versus Secondary Bladder Carcinoma In Situ

Purpose: Differences in clinical outcome are still unclear between primary and secondary bladder carcinoma in situ. We compared the clinical outcomes of primary and secondary carcinoma in situ, and identified predictive factors.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 476 patients with high grade cTis, including 221 with primary and 255 with secondary carcinoma in situ, from 1990 to 2008 at a high volume cancer center after transurethral resection and intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. End points were time to progression to invasive disease (cT1 or higher) or radical cystectomy before progression, and progression to muscle invasive disease (cT2 or higher) or radical cystectomy before progression. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results: Patients with primary carcinoma in situ responded significantly more within 6 months of bacillus Calmette-Guerin than those with secondary carcinoma in situ (65% vs 39%, p <0.001). In the primary vs secondary groups t...
Potassium effect on iron stress in tomato. I. The effect on pH, Fe‐reductase and chlorophyll

Abstract Seedlings of Fe‐efficient tomato plants were cultured in nutrient solutions with two concentrations of Fe and K. The pH of the nutrient solution increased initially in all treatments. A subsequent drop in pH of the nutrient solution to 4.4 occurred only in the low Fe, normal K treatment. Ferric iron reduction by root samples was markedly increased only in those producing a decrease in pH of nutrient solution. Most “Fe‐reductant” was released from the swollen elongation zones of young roots. Chlorophyll content in young leaves (after a pH Fe‐stress response) was greater with normal K versus low K for both normal and low iron treatments. Iron‐stressed plants accumulated more K/g dry weight, especially in the roots, than with normal Fe supply.
The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis YplA phospholipase differs in its activity, regulation and secretion from that of the Yersinia enterocolitica YplA

Analysis of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis genomes indicates that both species carry an identical copy of a gene that is predicted to encode a protein which shares 80% similarity to the Yersinia enterocolitica YplA, a secreted phospholipase that has been shown to contribute to virulence. In contrast to well tolerated production of the Y. enterocolitica YplA in Escherichia coli, Y. pseudotuberculosis YplA expression was found to be toxic; however, cell viability could be restored if the Y. pseudotuberculosis YplA was expressed in the presence of its accessory protein YplB. In vitro, Y. pseudotuberculosis YplB was shown to reduce the activity of its cognate phospholipase in a dose-dependent manner. To determine whether the Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica YplAs were secreted and regulated in a similar manner, secretion and promoter activity assays were performed. Unlike the situation apparent in Y. enterocolitica, expression of the Y. pseudotuberculosis yplA gene did not appear to be controlled by the flagellar regulon, nor did the phospholipase appear to be efficiently exported through the flagellar apparatus. These results indicate that the Yersinia YplAs vary in many of their attributes despite their high degree of amino acid homology.