cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Model for local moments in a spin density wave host

An effective spin Hamiltonian is obtained for a system of impurity spins embedded in an itinerant electron antiferromagnetic matrix. Each spin couples to the polarization field of the spin density wave (SDW) via a d–d exchange interaction with the conduction electrons. The impurity spins also interact among themselves via modulation of the conduction electron spin polarization. Using the two-band model for antiferromagnetism in chromium, it is possible to obtain closed forms analogous to the RKKY result for the spin–spin and spin–matrix interactions. A general effect of SDW formation is to reduce the spin–spin coupling strength, since some conduction electrons are “tied up” in the SDW and are no longer free to mediate the interaction. The SDW is also responsible for the appearance of an antisymmetric interaction which favors canted spin arrangements. Es wird ein effektiver Spin-Hamiltonoperator fur ein System von Storstellenspins aufgestellt, die sich in einer antiferromagnetischen Matrix itineranter Elektronen befinden. Jeder Spin koppelt mit dem Polarisationsfeld der Spindichtewelle (SDW) uber eine d–d-Austauschwechselwirkung der Leitungselektronen. Die Storstellenspins wechselwirken auch untereinander uber die Modulation der Spinpolarisation der Leitungselektronen. Mit dem Zweibandmodell fur Antiferromagnetismus in Chrom lassen sich geschlossene Ausdrucke angeben, analog dem RKKY-Ergebnis fur Spin–Spin- und Spin–Matrix-Wechselwirkungen. Ein allgemeiner Einflus de SDW-Bildung ist die Reduzierung der Spin–Spin-Kopplungsstarke, da einige Leitungselektronen in der SDW „zusammengebundelt” werden und nicht mehr frei sind, die Wechselwirkung zu vermitteln. Die SDW ist auch fur das Auftreten einer antisymmetrischen Wechselwirkung verantwortlich, die gekippte Spin-Anordnungen bevorzugt.
Percutaneous Abscess Drainage: Update

During the approximately 20 years that percutaneous abscess drainage (PAD) has been an extant procedure and as the millennium begins, PAD has become, by consensus, the treatment of choice for abscesses. Indications for PAD continue to expand, and currently almost all abscesses are considered amenable. On occasion, PAD is an adjunctive procedure that provides a beneficial temporizing effect for the surgeon who eventually must operate for a coexisting problem such as a bowel leak. Simple unilocular abscesses are cured almost uniformly by PAD; more complicated abscesses, such as those with enteric fistulas (e.g., diverticular abscess) or pancreatic abscesses, have cure rates ranging from 65% to 90%. Various catheters and insertion techniques have proven effective. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and fluoroscopy are the staple modalities that guide PAD. PAD is the prototype interventional radiology procedure, providing detection of the abscess by imaging, needling for diagnosis, and catheterization for therapy.
Fear of crime among vulnerable populations: Homeless women

Are the factors associated with the fear of crime in the general population the same as those operating with especially vulnerable subgroups? If not, how and why are they different? Previous studies concerning the fear of crime have identified certain vulnerability factors as being associated with higher levels of fear. These include, for instance, being female, living in certain ghetto areas, and being elderly. Because many of these studies focused upon fear in the general population, however, they assumed a certain homogeneity of fear, whether it be among women, among the elderly, among Blacks, etc. They failed to make distinctions based upon relative degrees of vulnerability. They also generally neglected the notion of fear management—of coping. This research addresses these concerns. Two hundred homeless women (defined here as homeless adult females living on the streets), were interviewed in New York City. Among other things, they were asked about their crime risks and their crime fears. Results indicate that fear of crime is higher among those street women who have suffered past victimization. It is also slightly higher among those who perceived themselves to be more vulnerable. Perhaps most interesting is the finding that there is only a low correlation between self-perceived vulnerability to victimization and the fear of crime. This supports the proposition that these are two distinctive concepts; and, most importantly, it does so in the context of a particularly vulnerable population. Possible explanations of a seemingly paradoxical situation, namely high vulnerability existing side by side with a low fear of crime, are explored and discussed.
In vivo assessment of human nail fold capillary diameter

By using a videomicroscopy system, images of toe nail fold capillaries from 33 male smokers with atherosclerosis, 19 healthy male smoker controls, and 19 healthy male nonsmoker controls were recorded on video tape. Control subjects did not have clinical evidence of atherosclerosis. Capillary diameters were measured from the video tape with an image shearing device. The mean diameters (± SD) for the atherosclerotic patients, nonsmoker controls, and smoker controls were 13.7 μm (± 4.7 μm), 11.1 μm (± 3.4 μm), and 9.6 μm (± 3.4 μm), respectively. Statistical difference between the atherosclerotic patients and nonsmoker controls was significant at P<0.02; the difference between the atherosclerotic patients and smoker controls was significant at P<0.001. Statistical difference between the two control groups was not significant. These data indicate that atherosclerotic lesions elicit chronic dilation of distal cutaneous capillaries in patients who are smokers. However, comparison of these patients with tobacco smokers who are asymptomatic for atherosclerosis suggest that capillary dilation in atherosclerosis is attributable to the disease process itself and not to the effects of cigarette smoking. This dilation of cutaneous capillaries in the atherosclerotic toe nail fold may be caused by angiogenic factors released secondary to chronic ischemia.
On the Effects of Dimension in Discriminant Analysis for Unequal Covariance Populations

This paper is a continuation of earlier work (Van Ness and Simpson [9]) studying the high dimensionality problem in discriminant analysis. Frequently one has potentially many possible variables (dimensions) to be measured on each object but is limited to a fixed training data size. For particular populations, we give here the change in probability of correct classilication caused by adding dimensions. This gives insight into how many variables one should use for fixed training data sizes, especially when dealing with the populations of these studies. We consider six basic discriminant analysis algorithms. Graphs are provided which compare the relative performance of the algorithms in high dimensions.
Inhibition of hGrb10 Binding to the Insulin Receptor by Functional Domain-mediated Oligomerization

hGrb10 is a newly identified Src homology 2 (SH2) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing protein that binds to autophosphorylated receptor tyrosine kinases, including the insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors. To identify potential downstream proteins that interact with hGrb10, we screened a yeast two-hybrid cDNA library using the full-length hGrb10γ as bait. A fragment of hGrb10, which included the IPS (insert between the PH and SH2 domain) and the SH2 domains, was found to bind with high affinity to the full-length protein. The interaction between the IPS/SH2 domain and the full-length hGrb10 was further confirmed by in vitroglutathione S-transferase fusion protein binding studies. Gel filtration assays showed that hGrb10 underwent tetramerization in mammalian cells. The interaction involved at least two functional domains, the IPS/SH2 region and the PH domain, both of which interacted with the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of hGrb10γ (hGrb10γΔC, residues 4–414). Competition studies showed that hGrb10γΔC inhibited the binding of hGrb10 to the tyrosine-phosphorylated insulin receptor, suggesting that this region may play a regulatory role in hGrb10/insulin receptor interaction. We present a model for hGrb10 tetramerization and its potential role in receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction.
Femtochemistry of norrish type-I reactions: I. Experimental and theoretical studies of acetone and related ketones on the S1 surface

The dissociation dynamics of two acetone isotopomers ([D_0]- and [D_6]acetone) after 93 kcal mol^(−1) (307 nm) excitation to the S_1(n,π^*) state have been investigated using femtosecond pump–probe mass spectrometry. We found that the nuclear motions of the molecule on the S_1 surface involve two time scales. The initial femtosecond motion corresponds to the dephasing of the wave packet out of the Franck–Condon region on the S_1 surface. For longer times, the direct observation of the build-up of the acetyl radical confirms that the S_1α-cleavage dynamics of acetone is on the nanosecond time scale. Density functional theory and ab initio calculations have been carried out to characterize the potential energy surfaces for the S_0, S_1, and T_1 states of acetone and six other related aliphatic ketones. For acetone, the S_1 energy barrier along the single α-positioned carbon–carbon (α-CC) bond-dissociation coordinate (to reach the S_0/S_1 conical intersection) was calculated to be 18 kcal mol^(−1) (∼110 kcal mol^(−1) above the S_0 minimum) for the first step of the nonconcerted α-CC bond cleavage; the concerted path is energetically unfavorable, consistent with experiments. The S_1 barrier heights for other aliphatic ketones were found to be substantially lower than that of acetone by methyl substitutions at the α-position. The α-CC bond dissociation energy barrier of acetone on the T_1 surface was calculated to be only 5 kcal mol^(−1) (∼90 kcal mol^(−1) above the S_0 minimum), which is substantially lower than the barrier on the S_1 surface. Based on the calculations, the α-cleavage reaction mechanism of acetone occurring on the S_0, S_1, and T_1 surfaces can be better understood via a simple physical picture within the framework of valence-bond theory. The theoretical calculations support the conclusion that the observed nanosecond-scale S_1 dynamics of acetone below the barrier is governed by a rate-limiting S_1 → T_1 intersystem crossing process followed by α-cleavage on the T_1 surface. However, at high energies, the α-cleavage can proceed by barrier crossing on the S1 surface, a situation which is demonstrated for cyclobutanone in the accompanying paper.
Fast binary multiplication by performing dot counting and complement recoding

Abstract In this paper, we present a new computation method by combining the dots counting method and the complement recoding method to efficiently evaluate modular multiplication in binary multiplications. The LUT (Look-Up Table) technique can be adopted in our proposed method to efficiently reduce the number of multiplications. And the proposed method can be easily implemented for the hardware. Numerous examples are provided to show the efficient and easy operations of the binary multiplication method. In average case, the worst case for the Hamming weight of the product X ∗ Y is uv 4 , where u is the bit-length of multiplicand X , v is the bit-length of multiplier Y . If the proposed method is applied, we could effectively reduce the Hamming weight of the product X ∗ Y to 0.25 u .
Toward the automated solid-phase synthesis of oligoglucosamines: systematic evaluation of glycosyl phosphate and glycosyl trichloroacetimidate building blocks

Abstract Glucosamines are common components of many biologically important oligosaccharides. Reported is a systematic evaluation of glucosamine phosphates and trichloroacetimidates as glycosylating agents for the efficient construction of β-(1→6) glucosamine linkages. A set of differentially protected glucosamine donors incorporating a host of amine protecting groups, including 2-phthaloyl, benzyloxycarbonyl (Z), trichloroetheoxycarbonyl (Troc) and trichloroacetyl (TCA) protective groups, were prepared. Donors were initially evaluated for reactivity and protecting group compatibility in a solution-phase study with a model 6-hydroxyl galactose acceptor. Based on these results, glucosamine donor 10 was selected for the solution-phase synthesis of a β-(1→6)-glucosamine pentasaccharide. Finally, building block 10 proved well suited for use in the automated solid-phase synthesis of a repeating unit trisaccharide. An assessment of glucosamine phosphate donors as potential glycosylating agents for a variety of glucosamine linkages is also discussed.
Soil water movement related to distance from three Pogonomyrmex salinus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nests in south-eastern Idaho

Three ant nests and one intervegetation reference area received water application through rain simulation. While there were between-nest differences in the spatial patterns of water infiltration, two features were evident at all nests. First, there was a noticeable delay of volumetric increase to the nest soil profile, and second, there was a bimodal distribution ofpercolation as a function ofdistance from the nest. Two areas ofgreater infiltration formed around nests: one surrounding the mound and another c. 2'5 m from the mound centre. The reference area showed a different spatial pattern with little infiltration occurring centrally.
Silicate Emission Feature in the Spectrum of Comet Mueller 1993a

An 8- to 13-micron spectrum of comet Mueller 1993a, a dynamically new comet, was acquired when the comet was at R = 2 AU. Strong, structured silicate emission is present, closely resembling that seen in Comet P/Halley at smaller R. For the first time in a new comet, the 11.2-micron peak of crystalline olivine was detected, demonstrating that crystalline olivine particles were widespread in the solar nebula. Crystalline olivine particles could have formed in the inner protosolar nebula at temperatures greater than 1200 K; extensive radial mixing would have been required to transport these grains to the region of comet formation. Either there was more radial mixing in the solar nebula than some current theories predict or the olivine grains have a presolar origin.
Measuring Quality of Care in Patients With Multiple Clinical Conditions: Summary of a Conference Conducted by the Society of General Internal Medicine

Performance measurement has been widely advocated as a means to improve health care delivery and, ultimately, clinical outcomes. However, the evidence supporting the value of using the same quality measures designed for patients with a single clinical condition in patients with multiple conditions is weak. If clinically complex patients, defined here as patients with multiple clinical conditions, present greater challenges to achieving quality goals, providers may shun them or ignore important, but unmeasured, clinical issues. This paper summarizes the proceedings of a conference addressing the challenge of measuring quality of care in the patient with multiple clinical conditions with the goal of informing the implementation of quality measurement systems and future research programs on this topic. The conference had three main areas of discussion. First, the potential problems caused by applying current quality standards to patients with multiple conditions were examined. Second, the advantages and disadvantages of three strategies to improve quality measurement in clinically complex patients were evaluated: excluding certain clinically complex patients from a given standard, relaxing the performance target, and assigning a greater weight to some measures based on the expected clinical benefit or difficulty of reaching the performance target. Third, the strengths and weaknesses of potential novel measures such change in functional status were considered. The group concurred that, because clinically complex patients present a threat to the implementation of quality measures, high priority must be assigned to a research agenda on this topic. This research should evaluate the impact of quality measurement on these patients and expand the range of quality measures relevant to the care of clinically complex patients.
Delayed effects of chronic variable stress during peripubertal-juvenile period on hippocampal morphology and on cognitive and stress axis functions in rats

Animal studies on the effects of chronic variable stress during the peripubertal-juvenile period on hippocampal structure and function are lacking. Twenty-eight-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to random, variable physical or social stress regimens for 4 weeks. Hippocampal volume was found to continue to grow in all lamina examined during the transition into young adulthood. Our variable physical stress paradigm led to inhibition of this growth in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer (PCL) and in the dentate gyrus-granular cell layer (DG-GCL), which reached full arrest in the CA3-PCL. Volume deficits were first observed after chronic stress exposure when 3 weeks, but not 24 h, of recovery had elapsed. Moreover, these volume deficits were associated with impairments in the Morris water-maze navigation, sustained downregulation in the basal hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor gene expression, and deficits in the shutdown of acute stress-induced corticosterone secretion. Volume changes both due to normal maturation and after chronic stress exposure were independent of neuron number. Thus, a peripubertal-juvenile chronic stress paradigm that leads to significant alterations in the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can produce robust effects in hippocampal structure and cognitive ability, lasting into adulthood. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
POLYARTERITIS NODOSA PRESENTING AS HEMATURIA AND A TESTICULAR MASS

Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare, necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium arteries that may involve any organ. Testicular and renal involvement is the rule. Diagnosis is often difficult and delayed. CASE REPORT A 43-year-old white man presented with a 1-week history of fever, myalgia and gross hematuria. The patient denied any dysuria or flank pain. History was significant for renal insufficiency presumed secondary to essential hypertension. Physical examination revealed a tender extratesticular mass superior to the left testis and a soft atrophic right testicle. Urinalysis was remarkable for 652 red blood cells per high power field without evidence of infection. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were 60 mg./dl. (normal 10 to 20) and 2.6 mg./dl. (normal 0.5 to 1.2), respectively. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 74 mm. per hour (normal 0 to 15) and antinuclear antibody screen was positive. Complete blood count, liver function tests and testicular tumor markers were normal. Blood and urine cultures were negative. An echocardiogram was negative for valvar vegetations. Computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis was unremarkable. Scrotal ultrasound confirmed a simple, left epididymal cyst and detected a suspicious right, heterogeneous intratesticular lesion. Cystoscopy and urine cytology were unremarkable. The patient underwent right radical orchiectomy for a presumed testicular tumor. Pathological examination was remarkable for polyarteritis nodosa (see figure). Fever, myalgia and hematuria resolved on postoperative day 1.
No X-chromosome dosage compensation in human proteomes

The X and Y chromosomes of placental and marsupial mammals originated from a pair of autosomes. Ohno proposed that the expression levels of X-linked genes must have been doubled in males to compensate for the degeneration of their Y homologs. Recent mRNA sequencing experiments, however, found at most weak or infrequent X-chromosome dosage compensation. Nonetheless, dosage compensation need not occur at the mRNA level, because ultimately it is the protein concentration that matters. Analyzing human proteomic data from 22 tissues, we here report that X upregulation is absent at the protein level, indicating that Ohno’s hypothesis is also invalid at the protein level.
An integrated production planning model with load-dependent lead-times and safety stocks

The divergence over the years of research paradigms addressing the production planning problem has led to the development of an extensive set of techniques, each of which can address a particular aspect of the practical problem and none of which provides a complete solution. In particular, most approaches fail to address the circular, non-linear dependency between resource utilization, lead-times and safety stocks. We present a non-linear programming formulation of the integrated problem using clearing functions that determines a work release schedule guaranteeing a specified service level in the face of stochastic demand. We introduce an iterative heuristic solution procedure that solves a relaxed LP approximation of the original NLP at each iteration to determine the lead-time profile to set safety-stock levels. Computational experiments suggest that our proposed iterative procedure performs well relative to conventional LP models that assume fixed, workload-independent lead-times.
Is the insurance aspect of producer liability valued by consumers? Liability changes and childhood vaccine consumption

Standard economic theory predicts that the forced tying of an insurance policy to the purchase of a risky product cannot be welfare enhancing. At best, such insurance is redundant due to cheaper methods of insuring against loss, and, at worst, such coverage is not demanded at all. Exploiting the change in the liability environment which occurred in the vaccine market in the early 1980s, this article seeks to identify the value that consumers place on the insurance component of producer liability. The principal finding is that the demand for immunization is not increased, and may have been reduced, by liability. This implies that consumers place no value on the insurance which they are forced to buy under this regime, leaving them worse off than they would have been without producer liability for vaccine injuries. The best estimate is that by 1985, the change in liability environment had reduced the number of children properly immunized with the DPT and polio vaccines by approximately 1 million.
Effect of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists on body weight in rats

As the potential clinical applications of LHRH agonists increase, the issue of side effects on nonreproductive organ systems assumes greater significance. LHRH agonists administered continuously or in twice-daily injections accelerated body weight gain in female rats. Two different LHRH agonists produced similar effects on body weight in female rats. When Leuprolide (LHRHa) was given to female rats in twice-daily injections, the adrenal weight increased after 21 days of treatment, whereas administration by osmotic minipumps produced no significant effect on adrenal weight. When another agonist, Zoladex (LHRHz), was given continuously for 52 and 229 days to female rats, the adrenal weight decreased. No change was noted in adrenal weight or body-weight gain of male rats given LHRHz continuously for 51 and 62 days. Reproductive-organ weights were significantly reduced in all LHRH-agonist-treated animals. Serum progesterone in female rats and testosterone in male rats were significantly decreased following treatment with LHRHz. No significant differences were noted in serum prolactin, growth hormone, or corticosterone. The mechanisms and significance of these findings are discussed.
Productive challenges and opportunities in work and retirement: background from the United States

The United States is witnessing dramatic increases in the aging population where one out of five of the approximate 309 million persons will be aged 65 and over within the next year based on increases in life expectancy and decreases in fertility replacement rates, the eldest members of the boomer generation (those born between 1946 and 1964) turning 65 in 2011, and improvements in health. Both challenges and opportunities exist for a multigenerational workforce in the future. Opportunities for elders remaining in or returning to the workforce are anticipated, and traditional retirement will be altered given that 80% of baby boomers, as cited in the National Institute on Aging's Health and Retirement Study, are expect to work past traditional retirement age. Population aging has vast political, social and economic realities for the United States and for the global community. Demographic trends, implications for the US workforce, and recommendations from institutes and organizations as leaders in promoting...
Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of a layered cobalt phenylphosphonate, Co(PhPO3)(H2O)

We report the hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of a layered cobalt phenylphosphonate. Unlike most metal phosphonates reported to date, the structure was solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Co(II) centres are hexa-coordinated by oxygen and the octahedra corner-share into a layer. The layers are capped by phenylphosphonate groups, where the phenyl groups define a hydrophobic bilayer region. The material was also characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) magnetometry. The material undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at a relatively low Neel temperature of 4.0 K, while the Curie–Weiss temperature of −76.5 K reflects the low-dimensionality of the magnetic structure. The effective magnetic moment of 5.01 µB per Co2+ verifies a high-spin configuration and an octahedral coordination of the metal centres. This layered material was correctly predicted in the literature from powder data, adds to the structural diversity of the cobalt phosphonates, and may be useful as an intercalation or exfoliation compound.
Clinical Utility of an Intimate Partner Violence Screening Tool for Female VHA Patients

OBJECTIVES Female Veterans are at high risk for physical, sexual, and psychological forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. This study evaluated the accuracy of a brief IPV victimization screening tool for use with female Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients.
The effect of chondrocyte cryopreservation on cartilage engineering

Abstract Chondrocytes were collected from the stifle joints of four pigs to study the effect of cryopreservation on the chondrogenic potential of chondrocytes. Half of the cells were cryopreserved for 3 months. Polyglycolic acid scaffolds were cultured with fresh or cryopreserved chondrocytes for 4 weeks. Cell morphology and the quality of engineered tissue were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, histopathology and biochemical methods. More cells attached to scaffolds at 48 h when fresh chondrocytes were seeded. At 4 weeks, the numbers of cells, DNA and collagen II were greater in constructs engineered by fresh cells. However, the collagen II/DNA ratio did not differ between the two groups. More matrix was identified on a scanning electron microscope and by histopathology in the fresh group. Cartilage engineered with cryopreserved chondrocytes may contain less matrix and fewer cells. These findings most likely resulted from a lack of cell attachment on the matrix secondary to cryopreservation. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the mechanism by which cryopreservation may affect chondrocyte attachment.
High-accuracy computation of Delta V magnitude probability densities - Preliminary remarks

This paper describes an algorithm for the high accuracy computation of some statistical quantities of the magnitude of a random trajectory correction maneuver (TCM). The trajectory correction velocity increment Delta V is assumed to be a three-component random vector with each component being a normally distributed random scalar having a possibly nonzero mean. Knowledge of the statitiscal properties of the magnitude of a random TCM is important in the planning and execution of maneuver strategies for deep-space missions such as Galileo. The current algorithm involves the numerical integration of a set of differential equations. This approach allows the computation of density functions for specific Delta V magnitude distributions to high accuracy without first having to generate large numbers of random samples. Possible applications of the algorithm to maneuver planning, planetary quarantine evaluation, and guidance success probability calculations are described.
Combustion synthesis of advanced materials: Fundamentals and applications

The combustion synthesis (CS) of materials is an advanced approach in powder metallurgy. The number of products synthesized by CS has increased rapidly during recent years and currently exceeds 1,000 different compounds. The same features, such as high temperatures and rates, self-sustained manner of microstructure formation in non-equilibrium conditions, that make CS an attractive technology also define difficulties to study the nature and mechanisms of this process, which in turn are essential to control the properties of the synthesized materials. In this survey paper, we present results of our recent work both in fundamental studies of mechanisms for rapid reaction wave propagation in heterogeneous media and in using the CS approach to synthesize different types of advanced materials, including bio-alloys and nano-sized powders.
Therapeutic uses of recombinant complement protein inhibitors.

In conclusion, it is apparent that researchers are poised at the threshold of developing inhibitors of complement activation from the molecules in the RCA family. By creating soluble forms of these protective proteins for in vivo administration, or by making transgenic animals expressing these proteins or their derivatives, it may be possible to inhibit complement-mediated pathology stemming from autoimmune disease, reperfusion injuries, and physical trauma. This technology combined with current attempts to protect allografts from cellular rejection with monoclonal antibodies against members of the integrin family of adhesion molecules [52] makes it possible that the excessive mortality due to the severe shortage of human donor organs could be overcome by the use of xenografts.
A test of two teaching strategies designed to improve interview effectiveness: Rating behavior and videotaped feedback

This article reports two studies which examine the effect of video supported instruction on interview effectiveness. The first study suggests that videotaped feedback does not improve the way students present themselves, but may facilitate improvements in employment interview skills. In addition, the study suggests that videotaped interviews aid students in acquiring competence in interview management skills. Results of the second study demonstrate that students have less variability in interview behavior and acquire more skill in problem‐solving interviews after two hours of rating videotapes of interviews than after only one hour of rating such tapes.
Perceived condom norms and HIV risks among social and sexual networks of young African American men who have sex with men

The association between condom norms and unprotected sexual intercourse was examined within social and sexual networks of young African American men who have sex with men (MSM) in an HIV epicenter of the southern United States. We used a chain-link design to recruit 158 young African American men: 95 initial participants, 56 contacts of participants (alters) and 7 contacts of alters. Men in the high-risk group, compared with those in the no-risk group, perceived significantly lower approval concerning condom use in their social and sexual networks. Also, 100 participants could be connected to each other in 86 dyads of social and sexual networks. Within these dyads, men perceived that their friends and acquaintances approved for them to use condoms but that their friends and acquaintances did not use condoms themselves. Low HIV risk behavior appears associated with perceived social norms that support one's use of condoms, even when perceived norms do not support condom use by network members themselves.
Spatial Patterns of Sediment Accumulation on a Holocene Carbonate Tidal Flat, Northwest Andros Island, Bahamas

ABSTRACT To characterize spatial patterns of sedimentation and analyze the morphology of part of the modern tidal flats of northwest Andros Island in the Bahamas, this study integrated remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and carbonate sedimentology. The fundamental data are a Landsat TM image that has been classified to create a thematic map of eight subfacies, interpreted to represent a distinct tidal-flat subenvironment such as adjacent marine, exposed levee-beach ridge, pond, and algal marsh. Spatial statistics of the thematic map characterize the patterns of sediment accumulation. Quantitative analysis highlights several interesting results concerning subfacies character and distribution: (1) of the eight mapped subfacies, low algal marsh is most widespread, representing 27.5% of the total area, whereas exposed levee-beach ridge is the least widespread, accounting for 10% of the area; (2) the patches of different subfacies have different shape complexities, with low algal marsh, high algal marsh, and mangrove ponds being the least complex and exposed levee-beach ridge being the most complex; (3) Markov chain analysis suggests that lateral transitions between different subfacies are highly ordered; and (4) frequency distribution of subfacies patch area and lacunarity (gap size distribution) data exhibit power law relationships over several orders of magnitude, consistent with fractal characteristics. The fractal nature of patch size and gaps between facies illustrate that on this tidal flat neither the size nor the spatial distribution of subfacies has a characteristic scale. This statistical behavior is consistent with the presence of self-organization, or emergence of pattern in the absence of a template or external forcing. The statistical self-organization on the tidal flat is the cumulative expression of local processes, but it becomes apparent only through analysis of the whole system. These results are inconsistent with models suggesting that tidal flats include a migrating complex of randomly distributed, randomly sized subenvironments. Ancient successions that include random patterns may reflect the more pronounced influence of forces external to the sedimentary system, instead of an absence of those forces.
Recording wind microstructure with a seismograph

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com".
Realized climatic niche of North American plant taxa lagged behind climate during the end of the Pleistocene

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Predicting species responses to climate change has become a dynamic field in global change research. A crucial question in this debate is whether-or-not species have been and will be able to respond quickly enough to keep up with changing climatic conditions. METHODS Focusing on fossil pollen records and paleoclimatic simulations, this work assesses the change in realized climatic niches (climatic temporal trajectories) of 20 plant taxa over the last 16000 yr, and whether this tracking has been the same for different climatic niche dimensions. KEY RESULTS Climatic factors showed a consistent trend toward warmer temperatures and higher precipitation. Although the response types varied across taxa, species' realized climatic niches lagged in response to changes in climatic conditions. Temperature niches responded to late Pleistocene (16000-11000 yr ago) climate change, but did so at slower rates than changes in climatic conditions during the same period. In contrast, precipitation niches were relatively stable from 16000 to 11000 yr ago, but still lagged behind changes in climatic conditions. Changes in temperature and precipitation niches eventually stabilized during the Holocene (11000-1000 yr ago). CONCLUSIONS These results underscore how the climatic niche realized at any one moment represents a subset of the climate conditions in which a taxon can persist, particularly during times of fast climatic change. Variability in the rates of temporal trajectories across evaluated climatic variables showed taxa specific responses to changes in climatic conditions over time and emphasizes the need to incorporate variation, intensity, and duration of lag effects in assessments of the possible effects of climatic change.
Correlation of rhinoscopic signs of inflammation with histologic findings in nasal biopsy specimens of cats with or without upper respiratory tract disease.

Objective—To investigate the correlation of cumulative rhinoscopic findings of hyperemia, mucus accumulation, and turbinate destruction with the type and severity of inflammatory infiltrates in nasal biopsy specimens of cats with or without upper respiratory tract disease. Design—Prospective study. Animals—Cats with (n = 11) and without (6) upper respiratory tract disease and cats with unknown medical histories (27). Procedures—Lesions of hyperemia, mucus accumulation, and turbinate destruction detected rhinoscopically were each scored (scale, 0 [absent] to 3 [severe]), and a cumulative rhinoscopic score for each nasal cavity was calculated. Fifty biopsy specimens were examined histologically, and inflammatory infiltrates (lymphoplasmacytic or neutrophilic) were graded as absent, mild, moderate, or severe. Cumulative rhinoscopic scores and inflammation grades were compared for each specimen-cavity combination. Results—In cats of known disease status, there was a positive but weak correlation between cumul...
Improved Quality Assurance for Historical Hourly Temperature and Humidity: Development and Application to Environmental Analysis

Historical hourly surface synoptic (airways) meteorological reports from around the United States have been digitized as part of the NOAA Climate Database Modernization Program. An important component is improvement of quality assurance procedures for hourly meteorological data. This paper presents the development and testing of two components of a new complex framework, as well as their application toward construction, for the first time, of a 75-yr time series of apparent temperature. A pilot study indicated that a majority of flags thrown from an existing algorithm represent single-hour blips, rather than steps, and that frontal passages were being flagged incorrectly. Therefore, a model focused on flagging blips is developed; two blip-magnitude measures are compared that define a blip as a departure from temporally neighboring observations. Switches of dewpoint with dewpoint depression have also been noted among observer/digitizer errors, and so an additional check was developed to screen for these cases. This check is based on a relationship between dewpoint depression and diurnal temperature range. Tests using artificial replication of common errors indicate that the new blip model outperforms traditional step models considerably, and the new model flags an order-of-magnitude fewer frontal passages. Operational use of this check suggests type-I and type-II error rates are similar in magnitude and are approximately 5%. More than two-fifths of known dewpoint depression switch errors are caught. However, poor performance with systematic errors suggests that using the depression-range check at a coarser temporal scale than hour to hour may be more fruitful.
Investigation of the impact of biodiesel fuelling on NOx emissions using an optical direct injection diesel engine

AbstractThe impact of biodiesel fuelling on NOx emissions was investigated using an optically accessible diesel engine. A soy-based biodiesel (B100) and three separate primary reference fuel (PRF) blends were evaluated over a range of loads at an engine speed of 800 r/min. Experimental operating conditions were carefully controlled to maintain a constant start of combustion (SOC), and a PRF blend was identified that would eliminate differences in premixed-burn fraction. A load-averaged NOx increase of ∼10 per cent was observed for B100 relative to the PRF blend with matched premixed-burn fraction. The results indicate that factors other than SOC and premixed-burn fraction affect the tendency for biodiesel to increase NOx. Equilibrium calculations reveal no significant differences in stoichiometric adiabatic flame temperature between the test fuels; however, experimental data suggest that actual flame temperatures may be influenced by differences in soot radiative heat transfer. The effect of biodiesel on ...
Eight Steps to School-Based Employment Training for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability.

Despite the transition requirements mandated by IDEA, and a growing body of research supporting effective transition planning for learners with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability, current national surveys of transition from school to work document dismal employment outcomes for adults with significant disabilities who frequently are without employment or are under-employed. Enrollment in vocational or employment-related programs in high schooi improves post secondary employment attainment for students with disabilities. Using a restaurant organized and delivered by students with ASD and ID at their local high school as a model, the following describes eight, research-based, practical steps for teachers seeking to develop and implement high-quality, inclusive employment training programs for their students with disabilities. Implementing these steps will assist teachers in preparing students to assume post-secondary, meaningful integrated employment opportunities that are associated with greater economic self-sufficiency, social and community inclusion, and overall personal life satisfaction.
peasants, capitalism, and (ir)rationality

This article takes as its starting point the debate over whether or not peasants operate according to capitalist rationality. I argue that neither the assumption that peasants operate according to noncapitalist principles, nor the assumption that peasant households operate like capitalist enterprises can account for the behavior of peasants. The analysis of subsistence production in a Sudanese peasant community reveals that market and nonmarket resources, and wage and unwaged labor are inextricably enmeshed. This suggests that we need to rethink not only our notions of «peasant economy,» but also some of our assumptions about capitalism. [peasants, markets, capitalism, economic rationality, subsistence production]
A Titanium Based Flat Heat Pipe

1. ABSTRACT We are developing innovative heat pipes based on Nano-Structured Titania (NST) with a potential for high heat carrying capacity and high thermal conductivity. These heat pipes have a flat geometry as opposed to a cylindrical geometry found in conventional heat pipes. The flatness will enable a good contact with microprocessor chips and thus reduce the thermal contact resistance. We refer to it as a Thermal Ground Plane (TGP) because of its flat and thin geometry. It will provide the ability to cool the future generations of power intensive microprocessor chips and circuit boards in an efficient way. It also brings the potential to function in high temperature (>150 0 C) fields because of its high yield strength and compatibility (1). The TGP is fabricated with Titanium. It adopts the recently developed high aspect ratio Ti processing techniques (2) and laser packaging techniques. The three main components of the TGP are 1) a fine wick structure based on arrays of high aspect ratio Ti pillars and hair like structures of Nano-Structured Titania (NST), 2) A shallow Ti cavity welded onto the wick structure and 3) the working fluid, water, sealed between the cavity and the wick. The heat carrying capacity and the thermal conductivity of a heat pipe are generally determined by the speed of capillary flow of the working fluid through its wick. The TGP wick has the potential to generate high flow rates and to meet the growing challenges faced by electronics cooling community. The TGP wick structure, developed by etching high aspect ratio pillars in a titanium substrate and growing nano scale hairs on the surface of the pillars, is super hydrophilic and capable of wicking water at velocities ~ 10 -2 m/s over distances of several centimeters. The thermal conductivity of the current TGP device was measured to be 350 W/m K k = ⋅ . The completed TGP device has the potential of attaining a higher conductivity by improving the wicking material and of carrying higher power density. Washburn equation (3) for dynamics of capillary flow has been employed to explain the results of our experiments. The experiment shows a good agreement with Washburn equation.
Use of carbon adsorption processes in groundwater treatment

One of the leading treatment technologies for reduction of organic contaminants in groundwater has become the adsorption process utilizing granular activated carbon (GAC). This paper presents a methodology for selecting the proper adsorption system design. The use of the isotherm test for evaluation of carbon adsorption is discussed, with new data on adsorption of VOCs presented. The use of the dynamic column study for system design and its relationship to the isotherm test is reviewed using actual case studies. Design and economics for full-scale GAC systems are discussed. The use of adsorption to remove organic contaminants from vapor sources resulting from groundwater treatment is also reviewed.
The Myth of Rigorous Accounting Research

SYNOPSIS: In this brief paper, I provide an argument that the rigor that allegedly characterizes contemporary mainstream accounting research is a myth. Expanding on arguments provided by West (2003), Gillies (2004), and Williams (1989), I show that the numbers utilized extensively to construct the statistical models that are the central defining feature of rigorous accounting research are, in many cases, not adequate to the task. These numbers are operational numbers that cannot be construed as measures or quantities of any kind of stable property. Constructing elaborate calculative models using operational numbers leads to equations whose results are not clearly decipherable. The rigorous nature of certain preferred forms of accounting research is, thus, largely a matter of appearance and not a substantive quality of the research mode that we habitually label “rigorous.” Thus, the policy recommendations implied by the results of rigorous accounting research may be viewed with considerable skepticism.
Flow patterns and velocities around a suspension-feeding gorgonian polyp: evidence from physical models

The influence of polyp posture on local velocity profiles around the suspension-feeding tentacles was determined using a scale model of a polyp of the tropical gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia acerosa (Pallas). Polyp flexion was found to be an important mechanism for maintaining reduced and less variable flow velocities at the level of the polyp: local velocities were reduced by 40% in mainstream velocities of - . -: ~,~o, - mainstream velocities of 5 cm.s t, by 80% in mainstream velocities of lOcm s , and by .,t,/o in 20 cm. s - t. Flow patterns indicated a recirculation of water behind the polyp at intermediate mainstream velocities that may further enhance particle capture. Polyp flexion may act in conjunction with colony flexibility to increase the range of current velocities over which suspension-feeding is successful.