cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deuterium effect on the benzene two-photon 1B2u ← 1A1g spectrum

Abstract ν12, forbidden in the 1B2u ← 1A1g two-photon spectrum of benzene because of cancellation of the transition moments of two identical photons, is observed to be strongly active in C2v and D2h deuterium derivatives. A proposed mechanism for the anomalous intensity involves the splitting of the degenerate (either E1u or E2g) π-electron intermediate states by vibronic interaction in the deuterium derivatives.
Novel agents in development for pediatric sarcomas.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The survival curves for many pediatric sarcomas have remained flat for the past 2 decades or more and novel therapeutics - those small molecule medicines that selectively inhibit specific signaling molecules - have been slow to enter into pediatric practice. The preclinical basis for their use is reviewed here. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical and phase I studies showing efficacy of antiinsulin-like growth factor receptor 1 therapies for Ewing sarcoma have led to numerous ongoing clinical trials using these agents for Ewing and other sarcomas. Early studies of ERBB signaling as a target in sarcoma therapy have been tantalizing, but progress in this area has been controversial. In-vitro analysis of Src inhibitors suggested that these agents would prevent metastasis in osteosarcoma, whereas in-vivo analysis showed no effect on metastasis, underscoring the need for thorough preclinical investigations of promising new therapies to guide future clinical trials. Antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory therapies are gaining momentum in the pediatric arena and should be tested in combination with traditional cytotoxic agents for recurrent and high-risk primary pediatric sarcomas. SUMMARY Pediatric sarcomas have diverse biology and distinct signaling pathways, making detailed preclinical evaluation of small molecule inhibitors essential to guiding the design of further clinical investigations.
Sintering time and atmosphere influences on the microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloys

The mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloys are sensitive to the processing cycle and are adversely affected by residual porosity. Sintering times greater than 2 hours usually result in pore growth with degraded properties. The development of an optimized sintering atmosphere has allowed exploration of long sintering times without significant property degradation due to pore growth. The optimal cycle was used to sinter two heavy alloy compositions (88 and 95 wt pct W) for times up to 600 minutes at 1480 °C. The 88 pct W samples slumped, but the 95 pct W samples were fully densified and suitable for tensile testing. At long sintering times, the tungsten grains flattened and the tungsten contiguity decreased, indicating a transition to low-energy configurations for the solid-liquid interfaces. The cube of the mean grain size varied linearly with the isothermal sintering time. This allowed determination of grain size effects on mechanical properties, showing a decreasing yield strength with increasing time in agreement with the Hall-Petch behavior. The tensile strength and elongation were highest for sintering times from 30 to 90 minutes, reflecting a minimum in the residual porosity.
An evaluation methodology for disassembly processes

Disassembly is a systematic process that allows reusable, non-recyclable, and hazardous subassemblies to be selectively separated from recyclable ones. In this paper, we present a methodology to evaluate different disassembly strategies so that the best one could be chosen. Since the identification of all possible disassembly sequences of complex products is not an easy task, we also propose a disassembly sequence generation heuristic which gives a near optimum disassembly sequence for a product. The application of the methodology is illustrated by considering an IBM PS/2 Model 30 computer base.
Investigating Adoption of E-Procurement Systems: An Empirical Study

This paper attempts to provide insights into current E-procurement practices. A survey was conducted among 342 members of Institute of Supply Management â€“Western Washington (ISM-WW), the local chapter of the Institute of Supply Management (ISM). This paper reports on the findings of the survey conducted. The research helped the author to identify numerous critical success factors to effective implementation, key factors in making the decision to implement E-procurement systems, problems encountered during the implementation, and unanticipated things that were not considered in a company's original plan to implement E-procurement systems as well as the benefits that the companies gained as a result of successful E-procurement implementation. The author's aspiration is that the results of the survey will help companies develop a better understanding of use and implementation of E-procurement systems and avoid the problems encountered by other firms.
Estonian school societies in St. Petersburg Province, 1885–1914

Abstract Using published reports and contemporary newspaper accounts, the author argues that Estonian school societies in St. Petersburg Province provided Estonian-speaking settlers of the region with a sense of community, the nucleus of a national self-identity, the basic attitudes and ideals of civil society, and chances to participate in local community affairs. These school societies achieved their educational objectives and encouraged active social relations within new Estonian communities in the region.
Subacute ethanol consumption reverses p-xylene-induced decreases in axonal transport

Human exposure to organic solvents is often complicated by ethanol ingestion and the literature is replete with demonstrations of metabolic interactions between ethanol and organic solvents at a pharmacokinetic level. Because of the possible modulation of xylene toxicity by ethanol consumption, the present group of studies characterizes the effect of ethanol on the p-xylene-induced decrease in axonal transport in the rat optic system previously reported by our laboratory. Long-Evans, hooded, male rats were divided randomly into two groups: those receiving 10% ethanol in their drinking water and those receiving water only. These two groups were further subdivided into two groups which were either exposed by inhalation to 1600 ppm p-xylene for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 8 exposure-days or were treated identically except that they were exposed to air while in the inhalation chambers. The ethanol-drinking rats were given ethanol 6 days prior to and on the days of the inhalation exposure. Immediately after removal from the inhalation chambers on the last exposure day, the animals were injected intraocularly with [35S]methionine and [3H]fucose to measure the synthesis and rapid axonal transport of proteins and glycoproteins, respectively, in the retinal ganglion cells. The animals were sacrificed 20 h later, and the amount of radioactivity in different areas of the retinal ganglion cells was determined by liquid scintillation counting. As in previous experiments, the xylene exposure group showed a significant reduction in axonal transport of proteins and glycoproteins, whereas the ethanol exposure alone produced no significant reductions in the transport of either proteins or glycoproteins. In the animals receiving both ethanol and xylene, however, the ethanol treatment prevented the decreased transport characteristic of the xylene only animals, i.e. in all areas of the optic projections the level of transport were similar to the level present in the control groups. These data suggest that the xylene-induced reduction in rapid axonal transport was reversed (or prevented) by subacute ethanol consumption.
Trimerotropis aberasturii (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae), a New Species of Band-Winged Grasshopper from North Central Nevada

Abstract . Trimerotropis aberasturii, a new species of band-winged grasshopper, is described from the mountains of north central Nevada. It appears most closely related to T. suffusa and T. verruculata. Trimerotropis aberasturii is distinguished from the other 2 species by a more extensive black hind wing band, features of the male genitalia, and geographic distribution.
Up-regulation of K+ channels in diabetic rat ventricular myocytes by insulin and glutathione

Objective: The cardiac pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus involves oxidative stress that elicits profound changes in myocardial glutathione, an endogenous regulator of cell function. This study examined the role of glutathione in regulating K+ channel activity in isolated ventricular myocytes from diabetic rats and its relationship to insulin signaling. Methods and results: Colorimetric analysis of extracts of ventricular tissue from Sprague–Dawley rats showed that the basal level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was significantly less in rats with experimental diabetes compared with sham controls, consistent with oxidative stress conditions. This change in GSH status paralleled a significant decrease in the activity of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a major pathway involved in GSH homeostasis. Voltage-clamp studies confirmed that, compared with control myocytes, K+ channels carrying the transient outward current (Ito) are down-regulated in the diabetic state and that this electrophysiological change is reversed by in vitro treatment with insulin for 2–3 h. Incubation of diabetic rat myocytes with GSH also normalized Ito density compared with untreated myocytes, but with a longer time course than insulin. To determine if up-regulation of Ito by insulin was mediated by alterations in myocyte GSH, insulin-responsiveness of diabetic rat myocytes was tested in the presence of 1,3-bis-chloroethyl-nitrosourea, an inhibitor of glutathione reductase, or buthionine sulfoximine, a blocker of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Neither blocker alone altered Ito density in diabetic rat myocytes when compared with untreated cells, but each blocked the effect of insulin to up-regulate Ito. Conclusions: These data suggest that oxidative stress-induced alteration in GSH redox state plays an important role in regulating Ito channel function and that GSH homeostasis in ventricular myocytes is functionally coupled to insulin signaling.
Kinesin-8s: motoring and depolymerizing

Kinesins conventionally act as molecular motor proteins that translocate along microtubules. However, several kinesins also control microtubule polymerization dynamics. New work shows that the yeast kinesin-8 Kip3p has a unique combination of plus-end motor and plus-end depolymerase activities. These activities facilitate the positioning of the mitotic spindle at the cell cortex.
Estimation of Nonlinear Learning Models

Abstract The article develops the structure and estimates the parameters of a nonlinear learning model applicable to research designs in which students are tested at the beginning and end of a course of study. A student's precourse score is an error-ridden proxy for his precourse aptitude. As a remedy for this problem, the article combines a probit model of test score outcomes, a learning function, and a linear equation relating aptitude to demographic characteristics to deduce the exact test score distribution. An empirical example of maximum likelihood estimation of the model's parameters is presented.
An ineluctable minimum of natural law: François Gény, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and the limits of legal skepticism

Abstract During the first few decades of the twentieth century, legal theory on both sides of the Atlantic was characterized by a tremendous amount of skepticism toward the private law concepts of property and contract. In the United States and France, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Francois Geny led the charge with withering critiques of the abuse of deduction, exposing their forebears’ supposedly gapless system of private law rules for what it was, a house of cards built on the ideological foundations of laissez faire capitalism. The goal was to make the United States Constitution and the French civil code more responsive to the realities of industrialization. Unlike the other participants in this transatlantic critique, Francois Geny simultaneously insisted on the immutability of justice and social utility. His “ineluctable minimum of natural law” would guide judges and jurists toward the proper social ends, replacing deduction with teleology. The problem was that nearly all of Geny's contemporaries were perplexed by his conception of natural law, which lacked the substance of the natural rights tradition of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the historicist impulse of the early twentieth. No one was more perplexed than Oliver Wendell Holmes, whose more thoroughgoing skepticism led him to see judicial restraint as the only solution to the abuse of deduction. The ultimate framework for this debate was World War I, in which both Holmes and Geny thought they had found vindication for their views. Events on the battlefield reaffirmed Geny's commitment to justice just as they reignited Holmes’ existential embrace of the unknown. In a sense, the limits of their skepticism would be forged in the trenches of the Great War.
Effects of acridine plus near ultraviolet light on Escherichia coli membranes and DNA in vivo.

— Results from a variety of experiments indicate that photodynamic damage to E. coli treated with the hydrophobic photosensitizer acridine plus near-UV light involves both cell membranes and DNA. Split-dose survival experiments with various E. coli mutants reveal that cells defective in rec A, uvr A, or pol A functions are all capable of recovery from photodynamic damage. Alkaline sucrose gradient analysis of DNA from control and treated cells revealed that acridine plus near-UV light treatment converts normal DNA into a more slowly sedimenting form. However, the normal DNA sedimentation properties are not restored under conditions where split-dose recovery is effective. Several lines of evidence suggest that membrane damage may be important in the inactivation of cells by acridine plus near-UV light. These include (a) a strong dependence of sensitivity on the fatty acid composition of the membranes; (b) a strong dependence of sensitivity on the osmolarity of the external medium; and (c) the extreme sensitivity of an E. coli mutant having a defect in its outer membrane barrier properties. Direct evidence that acridine plus near-UV light damages cell membranes was provided by the observations that (a) the plasma membrane becomes permeable to o-nitrophenyl-s-D-galactopyranoside and (b) the outer membrane becomes permeable to lysozyme after treatment. A notable result was that cells previously sensitized to lysozyme by exposure to acridine plus near-UV light lose that sensitivity upon subsequent incubation. This strongly suggests that E. coli cells are capable of repairing damage localized in the outer membrane.
Human GEN1 and the SLX4-Associated Nucleases MUS81 and SLX1 Are Essential for the Resolution of Replication-Induced Holliday Junctions

Holliday junctions (HJs), the DNA intermediates of homologous recombination, need to be faithfully processed in order to preserve genome integrity. In human cells, the BLM helicase complex promotes nonnucleolytic dissolution of double HJs. In vitro, HJs may be nucleolytically processed by MUS81-EME1, GEN1, and SLX4-SLX1. Here, we exploit human SLX4-null cells to examine the requirements for HJ resolution in vivo. Lack of BLM and SLX4 or GEN1 and SLX4 is synthetically lethal in the absence of exogenous DNA damage, and lethality is a consequence of dysfunctional mitosis proceeding in the presence of unprocessed HJs. Thus, GEN1 activity cannot be substituted for the SLX4-associated nucleases, and one of the HJ resolvase activities, either of those associated with SLX4 or with GEN1, is required for cell viability, even in the presence of BLM. In vivo HJ resolution depends on both SLX4-associated MUS81-EME1 and SLX1, suggesting that they are acting in concert in the context of SLX4.
How promising obligates

I TAKE it to be obvious that a promiser in some manner always obligates himself to do what he promises to do. If Jack promises his father that he will mow the lawn, then Jack is obligated to mow the lawn. (There may of course sometimes be an equal or overriding obligation to do something incompatible with keeping one's promise.) If after promising to mow the lawn, and in the absence of some unexpected development, Jack raises with his father the question of whether he ought to mow it, his father might well reply: "We settled that question when you promised." In what manner does promising necessarily obligate? I want to try to answer this question here. Let us consider the following statements paralleling the statement that if Jack promises his father that he will mow the lawn Jack is obligated to mow the lawn: (1) If Jack's father ordered him to mow the lawn, then Jack is obligated to mow the lawn. (2) If the law of the United States requires filing one's income tax on or before April 15, then one is required to file one's income tax on or before April 15. (3) If it is a rule of Jack's father's lodge that members participate in the annual initiation ceremony, then Jack's father is obligated to participate in this ceremony. Each of these statements, like the statement about Jack's promise to his father, seems plainly true. Parental orders give rise to obligations from the standpoint of parent-child relations. Legal decrees give rise to obligations from the standpoint of the law. The rules of fraternal organizations give rise to obligations from the standpoint of fraternal organizations. Not all obligations are moral obligations. Just because Jack's father's lodge requires participation in the annual initiation ceremony, it does not follow that Jack's father has a moral obligation to participate in this ceremony. This is plain in the case in which Jack's father joins an organization the objectives of which are admittedly immoral.' He is necessarily obligated but only from the standpoint of his membership in the organization. Or sup. pose the law requires behavior that is immoral, as, for example, the legal system of Germany once required the turning in of Jews to the Nazis. One is necessarily always legally obligated to obey the law, but one is not necessarily always morally obligated to do so. There are two ways in which obligations may conflict. First, there may be a conflict between obligations that are obligations from the same stand-
Pattern recognition and chemometrics for spectral classification

The broader definition of chemometrics includes methods such as pattern recognition (PR) and signal/image processing for noninvasive analysis and interpretation of data. These methods are among the most powerful tools currently available for noninvasively examining spectroscopic and other chemical data. Using spectral data, these systems have found a variety of applications employing analytical techniques for gas chromatography, fluorescence IR or NMR spectroscopy, etc. An advantage of PR approaches is that they make no a priori assuniption regarding the stmcture of the spectra. However, a majority of these systems rely on hunianjudgment for parameter selection and classification of spectra. Generally a spectral pattern recognition (SPR) problem is considered as a group of several subproblems. We considered a SPR problem as a group of five subproblems: spectra acquisition, feature extraction, feature selection, spectra organization, and spectra classification. One of the basic issues in PR approaches is to determine and measure the discriminatory features useful for successful classification. A spectral pattern classification system, combining spectral feature extraction and selection, and decision-theoretic approaches, is developed. It is shown how such a system can be used for analysis of large data analysis, warehousing, and interpretation.
The anesthesia machine valve tester: A new device and method for evaluating the competence of unidirectional anesthetic valves

Objective. Current methods of determining anesthesia machine unidirectional valve (UDV) competence are time-consuming, ineffective, or carry the risk of transmitting infections disease to the anesthetist or patient. New methods of testing these valves are needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of incompetent UDVs at one institution by employing the Anesthesia Machine Valve Tester (AMVT), a new way to test anesthesia machine UDVs.Methods. We tested each expiratory and inspiratory UDV on all anesthesia machines in functioning operating rooms at the Brigham and Women's Hospital. If a UDV was found to be incompetent, we cleaned and reseated it, and then tested it again with the AMVT.Results. We found a 13% prevalence of UDV malfunction in out machines. Three of the 10 incompetent valves were repaired quickly by us and were made competent by either reseating the valve or by first cleaning and then reseating it.Conclusions. We found that the AMVT was able to detect UDV failure quickly with no risk to the tester or to the patient. We conclude that the AMVT can be used to check the UDV as recommended by the FDA anesthesia machine check-out protocol.
Empathy with fictions

Examinant le phenomene d'empathie litteraire a travers le modele philosophique de la simulation, l'A. etudie la nature empathique des emotions ressenties dans l'experience de la participation imaginaire qui caracterise la fiction. Distinguant les notions d'empathie et de sympathie, ainsi que l'experience vecue envers des personnes reelles et l'experience vecue envers des personnages fictifs, l'A. mesure la possibilite d'un renversement entre la simulation et la realite et met en evidence le paradoxe de la fiction.
Dietary Functional Ingredients: Performance of Animals and Quality and Storage Stability of Irradiated Raw Turkey Breast

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary functional ingredients vitamin E (VE), Se, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), alone or in combination, on the quality of irradiated turkey breast meat. A total of 480 male turkeys (11-wk-old, raised on a cornsoybean basal diet) were randomly allotted to 32 pens and fed 1 of 8 experimental diets (4 pens/treatment) supplemented with none (control), 200 IU/kg of VE (VE), 0.3 ppm Se (Se), 2.5% CLA (CLA), 200 IU/kg of VE + 0.3 ppm Se (VE + Se), 200 IU/kg of VE + 2.5% CLA (VE + CLA), 2.5% CLA + 0.3 ppm Se (CLA + Se), 200 IU/kg of VE + 0.3 ppm Se + 2.5% CLA (VE + Se + CLA) for 4 wk. At 15 wk of age, all birds were slaughtered, and breast muscles of 8 birds from each pen were separated, pooled, and ground. Patties were prepared using the ground meat, aerobically packaged, and irradiated at 0 or 1.5 kGy absorbed dose. Lipid oxidation, color, and volatiles of the patties were measured after 0, 7, and 12 d of storage at 4°C. The content of VE and Se and fatty acid composition of lipids were also determined. Dietary supplementation of VE and CLA increased their concentrations in turkey breast. Dietary CLA decreased monounsaturated and non-CLA polyunsaturated fatty acids content in meat. Irradiation increased (P
Analysis of feral pig (Sus scrofa) movement in a Hawaiian forest ecosystem using GPS satellite collars

The ecosystem altering impacts of feral pigs have been widely documented around the world. However, a general framework for their control and management has been lacking, especially in island ecosystems. One reason for this lack of management is that we have little knowledge of how pigs move through different island ecosystems, especially ones that are topographically challenging such as Hawai‛i. With recent advances in telemetry and movement modeling, it is now becoming practical to understand where these large introduced animals are moving and how they are using habitat. Hence, the primary goal of this study is to understand feral pig movement in terms of terrain, slope restrictions, and distance traveled beyond a natal site, within an island forested landscape. Based upon this goal, the objectives were to (1) assess different methods of time-series analysis in terms of animal movement and home range, and (2) use the information to inform wildlife management and policy. In 2008, a total of 36 feral pigs were collared with Global Positioning System (GPS) units across four different field sites on three Hawaiian Islands (Maui, Molokai, and Kauai) and tracked for an average of 60 +/- 10 days. Of the 36 collared animals, only four could be used for analysis due to various technological failures. Using three different movement modeling approaches (Brownian Bridge, minimum convex polygon, and the kernel density estimator), we found that feral pigs, within the heterogeneous landscape of Hawaiian watersheds have a spatial recognition limit or ecological neighborhood of between 1.65 and 2 km. All three methods indicated a slight variation of individual home range estimates. These results demonstrated that pigs move less in heterogeneous and heavily vegetated ecosystems. Even under the most conservative estimate, pigs moved 0.2 km/day. Considering that feral pigs disperse exotic plants and increase nutrient loading of streams, our results indicate that even a small abundance of pigs have a very large impact on the native ecosystems of Hawaii, due to their concentration around a natal site or resource center. Based upon this work, we suggest that managers must increase measures to limit habitat connectivity, such as perimeter fences and trapping along remote roadways that are used as feral pig dispersal mechanisms.
Distribution of maxima, minima, and saddle points of the intensity of laser speckle patterns

We derive expressions for the densities ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{max}(I)$, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{min}(I)$, and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}(I)$ of maxima, minima, and saddle points of the electric field intensity $I(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{x}})$ of a laser speckle pattern whose electric field amplitude is modeled as a complex Gaussian random variable. It is found that the shapes of the distributions depend on a single dimensionless parameter $\ensuremath{\lambda}=\frac{2{[{\ensuremath{\nabla}}^{2}G(0)]}^{2}}{[G(0){\ensuremath{\nabla}}^{4}G(0)]}$, where $G(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}})$ is the amplitude correlation function. Some of the integrals involved in the calculation must be done numerically on a computer; we present the results for the densities of saddle points and of maxima plus minima for a number of values of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$. The densities of saddle points and of maxima plus minima are found to diverge $\ensuremath{\sim}{I}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$ for small $I$; we present a simple model to explain this result. Our results are useful in the analysis of the percolation threshold of an experimentally realized continuum percolation system.
Regenerative braking control of a light fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle

Abstract In this article, the regenerative braking control of a permanent magnet motor/generator in a light fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle is presented. The control strategies for motoring and regenerative braking operations of a permanent magnet motor are explained in detail based on a hybrid power system control. Based on the proposed method, a simulation is performed to verify the approach. In addition, a prototype experimental test-bed is built for experimental verification, and the results are discussed.
Numerical Simulation of Hydrocarbon-Hydrogen Reaction Chemistry in a CVD Reactor

In the present work, gas-phase reactions for three different hydrocarbon-hydrogen mixtures (CH4 +H2 , C2 H2 +H2 and C2 H4 +H2 ) in the presence of volumetric energy input were simulated in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor. The goal of the simulations is to estimate the concentrations of species responsible for the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These estimates are expected to aid in understanding fundamental mechanisms of CNT formation and in controlling the synthesis process through process parameters such as inlet composition and temperature of the mixture, reactor pressure and microwave power. The simulation employs gas-phase kinetics of the GRI-2.11 mechanism with only reactions involving neutral molecules that contain C and H atoms. The results indicate that the concentrations of H radicals and C atoms increase with increases in energy deposition rate.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Methemoglobinemia due to ingestion of at most three pills of pyridium in a 2-year-old: case report and review☆

Pyridium (phenazopyridine HCl) is a commonly prescribed medication in the treatment of urinary tract infections and is known to cause methemoglobinemia in excessive doses. We report the case of a 2-year-old child who ingested a maximum of three 200-mg tablets (approximately 50 mg/kg) of pyridium and yet developed cyanosis and methemoglobinemia (29.1%), resulting in methylene blue therapy. We urge physicians to consider a period of observation (4-6 h) or to obtain methemoglobin levels in children who ingest even a small number of pyridium tablets because this can represent a toxic dose in a small child.
Combined umbilical cord blood and bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of β-thalassemia major

The authors report on three children with beta-thalassemia major, class II, III, and III according to the Pesaro classification, with a body weight of 16, 62, and 50 kg, respectively, who received grafts using both umbilical cord blood (UCB) and bone marrow (BM) stem cells from their HLA-matched siblings. The number of UCB nucleated cells collected was 2 x 10(7)/kg, 1.2 x 10(7)/kg, and 2.5 x 10(7)/kg, respectively, and was considered insufficient to secure engraftment. The authors increased the number of hematopoetic progenitors by harvesting BM from the same donors. All 3 patients showed prompt engraftment with neutrophil recovery on days 17, 18, and 17 post-transplant, respectively, and platelet recovery on days 19, 25, and 22 post-transplant, respectively. One patient had remarkably increased HbF of values 31, 19, and 12% at 3, 6, and 12 months post-transplant, respectively, which were accompanied by an increase in the G gamma/A gamma ratio, suggesting UCB-derived hematopoetic reconstitution. All patients are alive and transfusion independent 23, 18, and 16 months post-transplant, respectively. For patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia who are at high risk of graft failure, either because of major prior alloimmunization or an insufficient amount of UCB stem cells, combined transplantation with UCB and BM could offer a quick and safe alternative therapy.
He-Cd lasers using re-circulation geometry

Performance studies of He-Ne, He-Cd, He-Zn, and He-Se lasers of same length and bore diameter will be described. They show that the He-Cd laser is most efficient of the metal vapor lasers and compares well with the He-Ne laser. Conventional He-Cd lasers suffer from problems with metal vapor confinement and high radiation noise. Both of these problems can be overcome by using the re-circulation geometry described in this paper. The most convenient re-circulation laser geometry uses a diffusion return path which coaxially surrounds the main laser bore and allows metal vapor transport in a direction opposite to the cataphoretic transport through the main discharge bore. Cataphoretic confinement sections are provided at each end making the coaxial vessel a "cataphoretic bottle" from which no metal vapor can escape. Continuous long-time operation has been demonstrated for such lasers having power outputs of 5, 10, 25, and 160 milliwatts.
Predicting success of prospective and retrospective gating with dual-source coronary computed tomography angiography: Development of selection criteria and initial experience

Background Prospectively gated coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) with dual-source CT allows substantial reduction of radiation exposure but requires prospective single-phase selection and assessment of likelihood of adequate image quality. Objective We developed and tested the model for predicting success of prospectively gated CCTA. Methods Retrospectively gated CCTA was acquired with dual-source CT in 162 patients. Two cardiologists assessed by consensus whether diagnostic quality images could have been obtained in a single predefined phase, 70% of R-R interval (70P), thereby identifying patients in whom a prospectively gated scan at 70P would have been successful. Logistic regression models were built with and without a coronary calcium scan. The obtained criteria were applied on 42 additional patients. Results By logistic regression, heart rate before CCTA of ≥70 beats/min, maximal heart rate variation before CCTA of ≥10 beats/min, coronary calcium score ≥ 400 U, and body mass index (in kg/m 2 ) ≥ 30 were independent predictors of unsuccessful prospectively gated CCTA using 70P. Excluding coronary calcium score from the model, these same variables in addition to age > 65 years were found to be predictors of unsuccessful prospectively gated CCTA. Applying this model to 42 additional patients, using prospective gating, only 5 segments in 4 patients were nondiagnostic. Mean radiation dose for prospectively gated CCTA was 2.2 ± 0.8 mSv. Conclusion Prospectively gated CCTA with dual-source CT can be successfully implemented with consideration of prescan heart rate, heart rate variability, body mass index, and coronary calcium score.
Improved survival in advanced Hodgkin's disease with the use of combined modality therapy.

To compare the effectiveness of combined modality therapy and chemotherapy alone for the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease (Stages IIB-IV), records of 154 patients who achieved a complete or partial response to induction combination chemotherapy were analyzed. Sixty-seven patients received consolidation radiotherapy and 87 patients received no further treatment. Thirty of 154 patients participated in a prospective randomized trial of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SEG). Ten-year actuarial survival (Hodkin's disease deaths only) was 93% for the combined modality therapy patients compared with 59% for the chemotherapy alone patients (p < 0.0005). Combined modality therapy patients had an 87% 10-year actuarial freedom from relapse as opposed to 56% for the chemotherapy alone patients (p < 0.0005). Relapse occurred in 33 of the chemotherapy alone patients, 28 (85j%) being in sites involved at initial diagnosis. Seven combined modality therapy patients recured with only two true in-field failures. Multi-variate analysis demonstrated treatment (combined modality) as the only variable affecting outcome. Patients prospectively treated with combined modality therapy in the Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial also showed a statistically significant improvement in both survival and freedom from relapse compared with patients receiving chemotherapy only. There was no apparent increase in toxicity from using combined modality therapy compared with chemotherapy. Three chemotherapy patients and one combined modality patient developed acute leukemia.
WE-D-332-07: Automatic Metal Artifact Reduction From Reformatted Projections in Multi-Slice Helical CT

Purpose: Artifacts produced by implanted metal can significantly degrade the diagnostic value of CT examinations. The purpose of this work was to develop a projection‐based method for reducing metal artifacts in multi‐slice helical CT and to evaluate it using clinical data. Method and Materials: The proposed method uses reformatted projections created from helical projection data by combining data at the same angle view over the full longitudinal scan range. After pitch correction, automatic segmentation and removal of the metal were performed on each reformatted projection using edge detection, morphological dilation, and boundary tracing algorithms. 2D interpolation was used to fill remnant voids. The main advantage of this method is that both the segmentation of the metal projections and the interpolations are performed on complete projections with the entire metal present, which is more accurate than those based upon narrow‐beam projections in multi‐slice CT.Results: The method was evaluated using three separate clinical datasets acquired from a 64‐slice CT scanner (Siemens Sensation 64). One case was a quantitative CT study for measuring bone mineral density, in which a calibration phantom with five attenuation standards was placed under the patient. The other two cases were typical abdomen/pelvis exams. In all cases the patient had a dense metal hip implant. For the quantitative CT case, the CT number and standard deviation within the bladder and the five calibration inserts were measured. The metal artifacts were reduced substantially and more accurate CT numbers were obtained after the correction. Conclusion: A projection‐based method for metal artifact reduction in multi‐slice helical CT was developed and evaluated using patient cases. The results demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively reduce the artifacts caused by dense metal implants. Conflict of Interest: Research is partially supported by Siemens Medical Solutions.
Photoactivated artificial metalloesterases

Abstract A photoactivated metalloesterase has been developed. The alcohol is masked as an ester that is covalently attached to either a bi- or tridentate ligand. Yields of alcohol of up to 86% are achieved upon photolysis at λ > 350 nm. The masked alcohol undergoes cis – trans photoisomerization that brings the ester carboxyl into proximity with a Lewis-acidic metal ion. The metal ion catalyzes the hydrolysis of the ester bond, resulting in release of an alcohol and a coordinated carboxylate. The presence of a metal cation is sufficient to drive the cis – trans photostationary state completely to the cis (coordinating) isomer, in contrast to the 1:1 cis : trans ratio formed at the photostationary state in the absence of metal. The photorelease of the alcohol is most efficient when only one ligand is bound to the metal. The synthesis, characterization and photochemistry of the ligands are described and the implications of metal–ligand equilibria on the reaction is discussed.
The Subchronic Effects of the TRH Analog TA‐0910 and Bromocriptine on Alcohol Preference in Alcohol‐Preferring Rats: Development of Tolerance and Cross‐Tolerance

In a previous study, we showed that a single injection of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog TA-0910 dose-dependently reduced alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring (P) rats and increased their water intake over a 24-hr period. In the present study, the effects of seven consecutive, once-daily injections of TA-0910 (0.75 mg/kg, ip) on alcohol preference were determined. P rats developed tolerance to the attenuating effects of TA-0910 on alcohol intake within 3-5 days. Following the development of tolerance to TA-0910, rats were injected with the dopamine agonist bromocriptine (0.5 mg/kg, sc). In the presence of tolerance to TA-0910, the attenuating effect of bromocriptine on alcohol intake was reduced. When rats were made tolerant to the attenuating effects of bromocriptine, they exhibited tolerance to the attenuating effects of TA-0910. These findings indicate that tolerance to the effects of TA-0910 on alcohol intake occurs and suggest dopamine involvement in the mechanism of action of TA-0910 in reducing alcohol intake in P rats.
Properties and structure of dynamic robot models for control engineering applications

Abstract Controller design for robotic manipulators requires a fundamental physical understanding of the properties and structure of dynamic robot models. This paper focuses on the Lagrangian formulation which is attractive from both the dynamic modeling and control engineering points-of-view. Physical and mathematical properties and structural characteristics of the complete dynamic robot model are demonstrated. Implications of the model for control system analysis and design are then indicated. Physical interpretation leads naturally to the decomposition of the model into the positioning arm and end-effector subsystems and motivates the application of decentralized control to robotic manipulators. The authors then propose the application of control the positioning arm and artificial intelligence and intelligent sensors to control the end-effector.
Integrated Production and Preventive Maintenance Decision Making Using Option-Based Cost Model

This paper presents an analytical, option-based cost model for an integrated production and preventive maintenance decision making with stochastic demand. The determination of preventive maintenance times and their schedule during a production period is converted to an option problem through maximizing the profit of the production per unit time. The optimal number of preventive maintenance actions is obtained and some further discussions on how the cost parameters affect the optimal results are also derived. The resulting option-based model is found to add flexibility to the production system and thus reduce the risk of shortage when the production system is faced with stochastic demand. A comparisons between the basic model (without option) and the option-based preventive maintenance model has shown that the option model is a more flexible under demand uncertainty and results in at least as much profit as the basic one.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A clinically useful ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the monophosphate metabolites of thioguanine and mercaptopurine in human neoplastic cells.

Abstract A sensitive and rapid assay for the quantitation of thioinosine monophosphate and thioguanosine monophosphate, the major intracellular active metabolites of mercaptopurine and thioguanine, respectively, has been developed. Neoplastic cells are extracted with trichloracetic acid, and the neutralized acid extracts are analyzed by ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography with dual-channel uv-wavelength detection. This technique provides a lower limit of sensitivity of 30 pmol of thioinosine monophosphate and 10 pmol of thioguanosine monophosphate. The number of cells assayed per sample was 2 × 107. This assay makes it possible to detect and quantitate low levels of thioinosine monophosphate and thioguanosine monophosphate present in neoplastic cells obtained directly from patients receiving mercaptopurine or thioguanine chemotherapy.
Redescription of Klapalekia augustibraueri (Klapalek) (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Klapalekia augustibraueri (Klapalek) is redescribed from the holotype female from Bogota, Columbia. Scanning electron microscopy of the egg chorion reveals a highly punctate, sculptured surface and collar type previously unknown among neotropical perlids.
In vivo phosphorylation of titin and nebulin in frog skeletal muscle

Titin and nebulin are two major protein components of the sarcomere matrix in striated muscles. Purified titin and nebulin from frog (Xenopus laevis) skeletal muscle are similar in size and in amino acid composition to their mammalian or avian counterparts. Both proteins contain substantial amounts of protein-bound phosphate: about 5 to 6 per titin subunit and 8 to 9 per nebulin subunit. Injection of radioactive inorganic phosphate into the dorsal lymph sacs of Xenopus laevis resulted in the significant incorporation of radioactivity into titin and nebulin within three days of incubation. Purified titin from in vivo labeled frog gastrocnemius muscle contains one mole of radioactive phosphoserine per mole of titin subunit. These data indicate that phosphorylation of frog titin and nebulin occurs in vivo.
The game-theoretic structure of Arrow's general possibility theorem

Abstract It is shown that a consistent subset of the conditions which Kenneth Arrow imposed on a social welfare function, to obtain the General Possibility Theorem, imply that the social welfare function is a voting process of a certain type which can be interpreted as a cooperative game.
Risks and benefits of diagnostic angiography after aneurysm surgery: a retrospective analysis of 597 studies.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral angiography performed after aneurysm surgery can identify causes of morbidity and mortality that may be corrected. The risks and benefits of angiography that is performed after aneurysm surgery, however, have not been clearly defined. We therefore reviewed our experience with postoperative angiography to determine its dangers and benefits. METHODS: During 10 years, 543 consecutive patients received treatment for cerebral aneurysms. A retrospective analysis of 597 diagnostic angiograms obtained after aneurysm surgery for 494 of these patients was performed. RESULTS: Catheter-induced vessel spasm and dissection, occurring most frequently in the internal carotid artery, were observed in seven (1.2%) and six (1%) studies, respectively. No angiography-associated strokes were identified. No association between age, smoking, hypertension, blood pressure, atherosclerosis, or severe vasospasm and angiographic complications was observed. Aneurysm remnants were identified in 36 (5.7%) of the 637 aneurysms that were surgically treated. Atherosclerosis (P < 0.01) or multiple clip applications (P < 0.01) were significantly associated with aneurysm remnants. Angiographic vessel occlusion was observed in 28 (5.7%) patients and resulted in stroke in 14 of these patients. Vessel occlusion was significantly associated with increasing aneurysm size (P < 0.001), atherosclerosis (P < 0.001), temporary clips (P < 0.001), multiple clips (P = 0.03), multiple clip applications (P = 0.001), and a new postoperative neurological deficit (P = 0.002). Severe vasospasm and newly identified aneurysms were observed in 51 and 16 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Angiography after aneurysm surgery is safe and can be routinely performed. Angiography after aneurysm surgery should be particularly considered for patients with large aneurysms or cerebrovascular atherosclerosis and for those who develop new postoperative neurological deficits.
Pyrexia due to isonicotinic acid hydrazide

Abstract On three occasions institution of isonicotinic acid hydrazide therapy resulted in a severe febrile reaction which subsided promptly with symptomatic care and discontinuation of the drug. Will each episode the untoward symptoms were more severe and the latent period shorter, indicating the development of increasing sensitivity. It is believed that pyrexial reactions to isonicotinic acid hydrazide are uncommon, but not rare, and that this case represents such an occurrence.
Lessons from Resource Dependence Theory for Contemporary Public and Nonprofit Management

The fiscal landscape continues to challenge public and nonprofit managers. Against this backdrop, public and nonprofit managers look for new strategies to address the challenges associated with limited resources. Resource dependence theory provides valuable guidance for managers who want to understand the considerations and consequences relevant to different types of interorganizational partnering. In this article, the theory's core ideas are described, along with three common strategies or tactics that organizations use to obtain critical resources from the environment: merging, forming alliances, and co-opting. For each strategy, the authors derive a set of practical lessons for busy public and nonprofit managers.
Selection of a third party logistics service provider for an aerospace company: an analytical decision aiding approach

As shippers worldwide are increasing their use of third party logistics (3PL) services, the need for carefully selecting 3PL service providers is becoming much more critical. Choosing the right 3PL service provider is often a dilemma faced by supply chain managers. Our purpose is to show how the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) can be used in aiding companies with the decision of selecting the most capable 3PL service provider for an aerospace company. The methodology we propose enables practitioners to systematically evaluate the trade-offs among multiple factors and therefore helps them in making more informed decisions when evaluating outsourcing logistics services.