cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulation of prostate cancer cell gene expression by cell-to-cell contact with bone marrow stromal cells or osteoblasts

After prostate cancer cells (PCa) arrive in bone, interactions with cells that include long bone osteoblasts (LBOB) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) lead to metastasis formation. The effect of heterotypic cell-cell contact between PCa cells and BMSC or LBOB on PCa cell gene expression is poorly understood. To establish the role of heterotypic contact in bone metastasis formation, we mixed and co-cultured PC3 cells with rat BMSC, LBOB, or human prostate stromal cells (PS15). PC3 cells were then re-isolated for gene array analysis, and imaged using in situ hybridization to confirm that heterotypic contact regulates gene expression. The gene expression was examined using focused gene arrays containing 96 each of tumor metastasis genes or osteogenesis genes. A total of 18 out of 192 genes in PC3 cells were found to be under or over expressed subsequent to heterotypic contact with BMSC when analyzed. A total of 15 genes out of 192 were regulated in co-culture with LBOB, and 19 genes with PS15. Only two genes, uPA and Collagen III, were regulated by contact with BMSC or LBOB (both are bone derived cells), but not by contact with PS15. The relationship between cell-cell contact and uPA expression was further explored by varying cell ratios in co-culture. uPA over-expression in PC3 was related to the BMSC:PC3 ratio, and was maximum at a 10:1 ratio, where most PC3 cells would be in contact with BMSC, as predicted by a theoretical model of heterotypic contact. In situ staining of micropatterned PC3 and BMSC cells showed that uPA over-expression localizes to regions of heterotypic cell-cell contact. Taken together, our results suggest that heterotypic cell-to-cell contact between PC3 and BMSC proportionally enhances gene expression for uPA, providing a mechanism for localized control of invasiveness.
Simulation of three-phase displacement experiments

Three-phase displacement experiments for a water-benzyl alcohol-decane system are simulated. Literature experimental three-phase relative permeabilities for the system are used to describe the relative permeabilities in the three-phase region for different three-phase relative permeability models. Saturation trajectories and elliptical regions are mapped in the three-phase region. Simulations are performed to model displacement experiments including breakthrough and the formation of multiple shocks. The model can be used to predict the results for other displacements. In an experiment where significant gravity segregation is present, the displacement is more accurately modeled by assuming a uniform initial condition than by using the actual vertical saturation and assuming no cross flow.
Technique of colonic stenting

Abstract Colonic stents have been used for more than 20 years for preoperative and palliative relief of malignant colonic obstruction. Self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement is more technically challenging than luminal stent placement in other locations. SEMS placement is performed most commonly with fluoroscopic guidance using through-the-scope devices. Accessories used for performing pancreaticobiliary procedures facilitate colonic SEMS placement.
Direct observation of Ca-Na ordering and structure polarity in Ca-rich intermediate plagioclase feldspar with incommensurate modulated structure

Ca-Na ordering and structural polarity of subcells in an intermediate plagioclase with modulated structure have been observed using Z-contrast imaging with an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. Neighboring lamellar domains with I 1 symmetry are related by inversion twin operation, instead of anti-phase domain boundaries (or APBs) as in all previously reported structure models. The boundaries between lamellar domains have I 1 symmetry instead of C 1 symmetry. Modulated plagioclase has unique Ca-Na and Al-Si ordering structure that is different from those in end-member structures of anorthite and low albite. The modulated structures of intermediate plagioclase are not metastable structures formed during phase transition, but instead thermodynamically stable structures at low temperature due to Ca-Na ordering within the subcells with I 1 symmetry.
BD rapid serum tubes reduce false positive plasma troponin T results on the Roche Cobas e411 analyzer

Abstract Objectives In an attempt to reduce false positive results and improve turnaround time, we investigated the BD Rapid Serum Tube as an alternate sample type to lithium heparin plasma for Roche Troponin T analysis on the Roche Cobas e411 analyzer. Design and methods BD Plasma Separator Tubes (PST) and Rapid Serum Tubes (RST) were collected in tandem from Emergency Department patients who had clinical orders for Troponin T over a 1 month period. Results RST and PST samples yielded analytically and clinically concordant Troponin T results on the Roche Cobas e411. Rare false positive results in lithium heparin samples were not observed with rapid clot serum tubes. Conclusions RST samples are appropriate for stat Troponin T analysis, and appear to reduce the incidence of rare false positive Troponin T results obtained with lithium heparin samples.
Evaluation of absorbable mesh fixation devices at various deployment angles

Background Hernia repair failure may occur due to suboptimal mesh fixation by mechanical constructs before mesh integration. Construct design and acute penetration angle may alter mesh-tissue fixation strength. We compared acute fixation strengths of absorbable fixation devices at various deployment angles, directions of loading, and construct orientations.
Universal Behavior in a Generalized Model of Contagion

Models of contagion arise broadly in both the biological and the social sciences, with applications ranging from the transmission of infectious diseases to the spread of cultural fads. In this Letter, we introduce a general model of contagion which, by explicitly incorporating memory of past exposures to, for example, an infectious agent, rumor, or new product, includes the main features of existing contagion models and interpolates between them. We obtain exact solutions for a simple version of the model, finding that under general conditions only three classes of collective dynamics exist. Furthermore, we find that, for a given length of memory, the class into which a particular system falls is determined by only two parameters. Our model suggests novel measures for assessing the susceptibility of a population to large contagion events, and also a possible strategy for inhibiting or facilitating them.
Effects of su-13437, a new hypolipidemic drug, upon synthesis in vivo of hepatic and carcass total fatty acids and total cholesterol

The present study is directed toward obtaining information on the metabolic effects and on the mode of action of CIBA-Su-13437, a new hypolipidemic phenolic ether structurally related to clofibrate. The ability of Su-13437 to affect the net formation of lipids in vivo was studied by measuring the total incorporation of intraperitoneally injected 1,2-14C-sodium acetate and uniformly labeled14C-glucose into total fatty acids and total cholesterol by the liver and carcass of control and Su-13437-treated mice. Treated mice received Su-13437 orally at 25, 100 or 250 mg/kg/day for 14 or 15 consecutive days. Treatment with Su-13437 resulted in pronounced enlargement of the liver and significant reductions in the plasma levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. Essentially all of the observed metabolic effects of Su-13437 were confined to the liver. At all doses studied, in addition to liver enlargement, there were large increases in incorporation of both14C-acetate and14C-glucose carbon into hepatic total fatty acids; marked increases in hepatic total fatty acid content; and decreases in the liver’s relative cholesterol content of up to 30% with little or no effect upon the net synthesis of cholesterol per gram of liver. These observations are interpreted as indicating that Su-13437 lowers plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels by means other than net inhibition of fatty acid and cholesterol formation by either hepatic or extrahepatic tissues.
A Congeries of Lichee Nuts for America: Chinese Religion in Edgar Lee Masters’s New York Chinatown Poetry Collection

Abstract Active in several genres of writing and extremely productive, American poet Edgar Lee Masters (1868–1950) became famous almost overnight with his earlier collection of free verse monologues, The Spoon River Anthology (1915). But as quickly as he rose in prominence, his fame declined thereafter. In the past decades, critics usually regarded The Spoon River Anthology as Masters’s best collection. This essay takes a step toward uncovering the value of Masters’s other work by examining one aspect of Lichee Nuts, a book-length collection of short poems published in 1929. This essay reveals that Masters, a prescient poet, not only displays sophisticated understanding of the composite and complex nature of Chinese religion, but also uses that understanding to construct a positive poetic image of the Chinese. In doing so he actively promotes cultural diversity in a time of racial hysteria and adumbrates the emergence of countercultural voices that transmit spirituality to a Western culture mired in materialism.
Development and initial psychometric evaluation of the transgender adaptation and integration measure (TG AIM)

ABSTRACT Transgender individuals have a gender identity or expression that is not congruent with their anatomy (Bullough, 2000). Limited empirical data are available regarding the mental health and general well-being of the transgender population. In addition, few standardized measures have been developed specifically for transgender individuals. The main purpose of this study was item and scale development of a measure of adjustment for transgender adults, as well as the assessment of the internal consistency and validity of the measure. Responses to the Transgender Adaptation and Integration Measure (TG AIM) were collected from a sample of 108 self-identified male-to-female transsexual adults. Standardized measures of quality of life and self-esteem were also administered to participants in order to assess construct-related validity. Factor analysis of the measure identified four factors: Gender-Related Fears, Psychosocial Impact of Gender Status, Coping and Gender Reorientation Efforts, and Gender Locu...
Searcher's perceptions for query reformulation behavior on the web

With the aim of better understanding for query reformulation behavior in Information Retrieval (IR), this study is to investigate searcher's perceptions for query reformulation behavior in information search process on the Web using Google search engine as a tested in exploring what factors might affect searcher's query reformulation behavior. The study employed two survey questionnaires and a search task. Twenty seven subjects were recruited to participate in this study. Based on the findings, precision and relevance seem to be two key factors for subjects to reformulate previous queries as well as to compare between search results. Interestingly, search satisfaction and confidence might be other factors for subjects when considering query reformulations. Query reformulations might have not only broadened the search depending upon the quality of query reformulations, but may also have provided opportunities to learn and come up with new ideas. The findings of this study expect to promote understanding of searcher's query reformulation behavior in order to be of better assistance to both searchers and system developers.
Kinetic characterization and phosphoregulation of the Francisella tularensis 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (MEP synthase).

Deliberate and natural outbreaks of infectious disease underscore the necessity of effective vaccines and antimicrobial/antiviral therapeutics. The prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains and the ease by which antibiotic resistant bacteria can be intentionally engineered further highlights the need for continued development of novel antibiotics against new bacterial targets. Isoprenes are a class of molecules fundamentally involved in a variety of crucial biological functions. Mammalian cells utilize the mevalonic acid pathway for isoprene biosynthesis, whereas many bacteria utilize the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, making the latter an attractive target for antibiotic development. In this report we describe the cloning and characterization of Francisella tularensis MEP synthase, a MEP pathway enzyme and potential target for antibiotic development. In vitro growth-inhibition assays using fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of MEP synthase, illustrates the effectiveness of MEP pathway inhibition with F. tularensis. To facilitate drug development, F. tularensis MEP synthase was cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized. Enzyme assays produced apparent kinetic constants (KMDXP = 104 µM, KMNADPH = 13 µM, kcatDXP = 2 s−1, kcatNADPH = 1.3 s−1), an IC50 for fosmidomycin of 247 nM, and a Ki for fosmidomycin of 99 nM. The enzyme exhibits a preference for Mg+2 as a divalent cation. Titanium dioxide chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified Ser177 as a site of phosphorylation. S177D and S177E site-directed mutants are inactive, suggesting a mechanism for post-translational control of metabolic flux through the F. tularensis MEP pathway. Overall, our study suggests that MEP synthase is an excellent target for the development of novel antibiotics against F. tularensis.
The Internal-External Scale Confounds Internal Locus of Control with Expectancies of Positive Outcomes

Julian Rotter's Internal-External (I-E) Scale forces choices between statements expressing internal locus of control and those expressing external locus of control However, the statements appear also to differ in the confidence they convey that desired outcomes will occur Subjects in Study 1 viewed bogus responses agreeing or disagreeing with either internal or external statements from the I-E Scale. Agreement with internal items (compared with disagreement) was seen as implying confidence that desired outcomes would occur Disagreement with external items (compared with agreement) was seen as implying confidence that desired outcomes would occur. Subjects in Study 2 rated their own agreement with either internal or external items and their confidence of the desired outcomes. Agreement with internal items was positively related to confidence about the outcomes; agreement with external items was unrelated to confidence. Discussion focuses on theoretical implications.
Responsiveness to object-movement in young chimpanzees.

This was a study of how the spontaneous approach and avoidance reactions of young chimpanzees are controlled by the nature of an object and the way in which it moves. Small stuffed toys and wood blocks were used as test objects. A total of 4 Ss was studied, but much of the work involved single Ss. 1. Within the limits of our procedures, avoidance increases and approach decreases as a direct function of amount (rate and extensity) of object-movement. 2. The amount of movement required to produce equal frequencies of approach and avoidance varies in simple fashion with object-novelty and -size. 3. The amount of movement required to reduce approach to a low level depends on whether the object moves steadily, stops at S's approach, or starts as S approaches. 4. Discrimination learning can be produced, using one amount of movement as a "positive" reinforcer and another amount as a "negative" reinforcer.
Radiation resistance in breast cancer: are CD44+/CD24-/proteosomelow/PKH26+cells to blame?

Identification and characterization of cancer-initiating cells (CICs) enriched for stem cell-like functions and the establishment of a link between CICs and tumor recurrence, chemotherapy resistance and radiation resistance, and metastasis have been the focus of cancer research for the last eight years. Although this field has its share of controversies, it is becoming apparent that cells isolated from recurrent or residual tumors or both are enriched for cancer cells that have a specific phenotype compared with heterogeneous cells in the primary tumor. Enrichment of CICs in tumors subjected to radiation therapy could be due in part to the delivery of sublethal doses of treatment and the efficient radical scavenging system within CICs. Sublethal doses of radiation are sufficient to induce senescence of non-CICs while forcing CICs to gain several new properties related to cell cycle progression in addition to maintaining or enhancing stem cell characteristics of pre-treatment CICs. Characterizing pathways responsible for the increase in CICs after therapy and exploiting the unique characteristics of therapy-resistant CICs for developing targeted therapies are becoming a central focus of research in the rapidly evolving field of CICs.
English language teacher expertise: the elephant in the room

School has become a high-stakes environment for K-12 English language learners (ELLs) who are increasingly taught in mainstream classes where they are expected to meet grade-appropriate standards developed for fluent English speakers and where they must demonstrate achievement through standardized tests in English. The mainstreaming of ELLs, along with developments in the field of English as a second language (ESL) itself, such as the integration of language and content teaching, have contributed to the diffusion and devaluation of ESL teacher expertise in the United States. Using Florida as a focal case, we describe the implementation of recent educational policy and the consequences for many ELLs and their teachers. In this context, we overview three separate studies of Florida educators (experienced inservice teachers with ESL expertise, preservice elementary teacher candidates, and preservice secondary English teacher candidates) who are enrolled in teacher education programs designed to ‘infuse’ ESL ...
Publication and dating of Parts IV-VII of Brauer & Bergenstamm's Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien (1889-1894).

Based on new evidence, the dates of publication of the journal and separate versions of parts IV–VII of Brauer & Bergenstamm’s Die Zweiflugler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien are given, correcting those dates previously published.
Electrodeposition of CdTe Thin Films

Cadmium telluride thin films were fabricated on Ti and Nesatron substrates by electrodeposition and characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analyses (EDAX), optical transmission measurements, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) studies. The deposition-bath preparation procedure was slightly modified from the literature method to permit initial speciation of TeO/sub 2/ and thereby increase the loading level of Te in the film. New data are presented on the electrochemistry of the deposition process and on the cyclic voltammetric behavior of TeO/sub 2/ containing electrolytes in the pH range from about 0.7 to 11.0. The films after suitable annealing in an Ar atmosphere show x-ray diffraction behavior consistent with a hexagonal structure. Data from EDAX show that the Cd/Te ratio in the film is sensitive to the annealing process. Concomitantly, the conductivity also changes from p-type to n-type, as shown by PEC measurements on the films containing a protective ..cap alpha..-PbO/sub 2/ coating in contact with alkaline polysulfide electrolytes. Finally, some preliminary data are presented on PEC cells based on these CdTe thin films in a nonaqueous electrolyte system comprising the ferrocene/ferricenium ion redox couple.
Role of Oxidative Stress in Persister Tolerance

ABSTRACT Persisters are dormant phenotypic variants of regular cells that are tolerant to antibiotics and play an important role in recalcitrance of chronic infections to therapy. Persisters can be produced stochastically in a population untreated with antibiotics. At the same time, a deterministic component of persister formation has also been documented in a population of cells with DNA damaged by fluoroquinolone treatment. Expression of the SOS response under these conditions induces formation of persisters by increasing expression of the TisB toxin. This suggests that other stress responses may also contribute to persister formation. Of particular interest is oxidative stress that pathogens encounter during infection. Activated macrophages produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which induce the SoxRS and OxyR regulons. Genes controlled by these regulons deactivate the oxidants and promote repair. We examined the ability of oxidative stress induced by paraquat (PQ) to affect persister formation. Preincubation of cells with PQ produced a dramatic increase in the number of persisters surviving challenge with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. PQ did not affect killing by kanamycin or ampicillin. Persisters in a culture treated with PQ that survived a challenge with a fluoroquinolone were also highly tolerant to other antibiotics. PQ induces SoxRS, which in turn induces expression of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug-resistant (MDR) pump. Fluoroquinolones are extruded by this MDR pump, and the effect of PQ on antibiotic tolerance was largely abolished in a mutant that was defective in the pump. It appears that PQ, acting through AcrAB-TolC, reduces the concentration of fluoroquinolones in the cells. This allows a larger fraction of cells to become persisters in the presence of a fluoroquinolone. Analysis of a lexA3 mutant indeed showed a dependence of persister induction under these conditions on SOS. These findings show that induction of a classical resistance mechanism, MDR efflux, by oxidative stress leads to an increase in multidrug-tolerant persister cells.
Effect of cerium addition on wetting, undercooling, and mechanical properties of Sn-3.9Ag-0.7Cu Pb-free solder alloys

In this article, we report the effect of cerium (Ce) addition on wettability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Sn-3.9Ag-0.7Cu (SAC) solders. It was found that the wettability of Ce-containing solder on Cu substrate is comparable to that of SAC solder for compositions up to 0.5 wt% Ce. The microstructure of lap-shear joints containing 0.5 wt% Ce rare-earth elements showed a finer microstructure and a thinner Cu6Sn5 intermetallic layer at the Cu/solder interface. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), it was found that the magnitude of undercooling was significantly reduced with the addition of Ce. It has been reported that SAC–0.5Ce alloy exhibited a much higher elongations compared with SAC alloy, however, the mechanism for the enhanced ductility is still not clear. Especially, the effect of Cu6Sn5 intermetallic layer thickness on ductility need to be further investigated. The results in this study showed that the presence of CeSn3 intermetallic particles, and not the thin Cu6Sn5 intermetallic layer, was responsible for the improved ductility demonstrated by Ce-containing solders. This finding revealed a new approach of enhancing the ductility, as well as the shock performance of Pb-free solder with additional alloying elements for the future solder alloy design.
A Submillimeter Search of Nearby Young Stars for Cold Dust: Discovery of Debris Disks around Two Low-Mass Stars

We present results from a James Clerk Maxwell Telescope/SCUBA 850 � m search for cold dust around eight nearby young stars belonging to thePic (t � 12 Myr) and the Local Association (t � 50 Myr) moving groups. Unlike most past submillimeter studies, our sample was chosen solely on the basis of stellar age. Our observations achieve about an order of magnitude greater sensitivity in dust mass compared to previous work in this age range. We detected two of the three M dwarfs in our sample at 850 � m, GJ 182 and GJ 803 (M� � 0:5 M� ), with inferred dust masses of only � 0:01 0:03 M� . GJ 182 may also possess a 25 � m excess, which is indicative of warm dust in the inner few AU of its disk. For GJ 803 (AU Mic; HD 197481), submillimeter mapping finds that the 850 � m emission is unresolved. A nondetection of the CO 3-2 line indicates the system is gas-poor, and the spectral energy distribution suggests the presence of a large inner disk hole (� 17 AU ¼ 1B7 in radius for blackbody grains). These are possible indications that planets at large separations can form around M dwarfs within � 10 Myr. In a companion paper, we confirm the existence of a dust disk around GJ 803 using optical coronagraphic imaging. Given its youthfulness, proximity, and detectability, the GJ 803 disk will be a valuable system for studying disk, and perhaps planet, formation in great detail. Overall, submillimeter measurements of debris disks point to a drop in dust mass by a factor of � 10 3 within the first � 10 Myr, with the subsequent decline in the masses of submillimeter-detected disks consistent with t � 0:5 -t � 1 . Subject headings: circumstellar matter — planetary systems: formation — planetary systems: protoplanetary disks — stars: late-type
RELATIONSHIPS OF PREADMISSION MEASURES TO ACADEMIC SUCCESS IN GRADUATE MANAGEMENT EDUCATION

As part of the development of a validity study service for the Graduate Management Admission Council, validity studies were conducted for 10 graduate schools of management. Results are summarized for all 10 schools in terms of the effectiveness of standard predictors (GMAT scores and undergraduate grades) for predicting a standard criterion (first-year average). Analyses based on school-designated subgroups and on additional nonstandard predictors and criteria are also reported for schools providing those data. The results indicate the value of each of the various preadmission indices for predicting academic success in graduate management schools.
OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF AIRBORNE SOOT IN URBAN, RURAL AND REMOTE LOCATIONS

The Integrating Plate Method and integrating nephelometry were used to measure the light absorption and scattering extinction coefficients at 15 urban and rural locations. Graphitic carbon is highly absorbing and for most ambient aerosols is probably the dominant absorbing material. Average absorption coefficients and albedos for single scattering were (2.7–11.8) × 10−5 m−1 and 0.5 to 0.65 respectively for the urban areas and (0.6–3.7) × 10−5 m−1 and 0.73–0.87 for the rural areas. For sites where the submicron sized aerosol only was analyzed, average specific absorption was (1.4–1.8) m2/g and (0.7–1.0) m2/g for the urban and rural sites respectively. These correspond to an average graphitic carbon content of about 20 percent for the urban areas and 10 percent for the rural areas. Inversions of the albedo for single scattering give similar graphitic carbon fractions for the submicron sized aerosol.
A Micro-benchmark Suite for AMD GPUs

Optimizing programs for Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) requires thorough knowledge about the values of architectural features for the new computing platform. However, this knowledge is frequently unavailable, e.g., due to insufficient documentation, which is probably a result of the infancy of general purpose computing on the GPU. What makes the modeling of program performance on GPU even more difficult is that the exact value of some “architectural” parameters on the GPU depends on how a GPU program interacts with those features. For example, AMD GPUs show different memory latencies when the memory is accessed with address sequences that have different patterns. Current micro-benchmark suites such as X-Ray are powerless for characterizing the GPU. Clearly, a preliminary for efficient code optimization and automatic tuning on the GPU is a systematic method to measure the architectural features and identify the most basic program characteristics that determine the performance of a program on the new GPU architectures. In this paper, we present a micro-benchmark suite for AMD GPUs that supports the AMD StreamSDK. Our model identifies and measures a series of architectural features and basic program characteristics that are most important and most predictive for program performance on the platform. The features and characteristics include vectorization, burst write latency, texture fetch latency, global read and write latency, ALU/Fetch operation ratio, domain size and register usage for both AMD’s pixel shader and compute shader modes. Our performance model not only generates correct values for those parameters, but also provides a clear picture of program performance on the GPU.
Direct Probing of Electrical Double Layers by Scanning Electrochemical Potential Microscopy

We report the direct experimental measurement of electrical double layer profiles on metallic (Pt foil) and insulator (SiO2 on Si) surfaces in a dilute electrolyte with no added redox mediator by scanning electrochemical potential microscopy (SECPM). An important consideration in these measurements is fabrication of the probe (tip), and experimental details are given for the reproducible preparation of suitable polyethylene-coated PtIr nanoelectrodes. A small amount of silver was electrodeposited on these tips to stabilize them for sensitive potentiometric measurements. A Pt foil surface and an oxide-grown Si(100) wafer in 10 μM KCl were approached to record the potential distribution in the vicinity of the surface. The advantages and limitations of SECPM are compared to conventional current-sensing techniques.
Gay male couples' attitudes toward using couples-based voluntary HIV counseling and testing.

Many men who have sex with men acquire HIV from their primary male partners while in a relationship. Studies with gay couples have demonstrated that relationship characteristics and testing behaviors are important to examine for HIV prevention. Recently, couples-based voluntary HIV counseling and testing (CVCT) has become available to male couples throughout the U.S. However, HIV-negative couples’ attitudes toward using CVCT and how their relationship characteristics may affect their use of CVCT remain largely unknown. This information is particularly relevant for organizations that offer CVCT. To assess couples’ attitudes, and associated factors toward using CVCT, a cross-sectional study design was used with a novel Internet-based recruitment method to collect dyadic data from a national sample of 275 HIV-negative gay couples. Multivariate multilevel modeling was used to identify factors associated with differences between and within couples about their attitudes towards using CVCT. Findings revealed that couples were “somewhat” to “very likely” to use CVCT. More positive attitudes toward using CVCT were associated with couples who had higher levels of relationship satisfaction and commitment toward their sexual agreement and among those who had at least one partner having had sex outside of the relationship. Less positive attitude toward using CVCT was associated with couples who had higher levels of trust toward their partners being dependable. Differences within couples, including age between partners, whether sex had occurred outside of the relationship, and value toward a sexual agreement also affected their attitudes toward using CVCT. Providing additional testing methods may help HIV-negative gay couples better manage their HIV risk.
Bed rest impairs skeletal muscle amino acid transporter expression, mTORC1 signaling, and protein synthesis in response to essential amino acids in older adults

Skeletal muscle atrophy during bed rest is attributed, at least in part, to slower basal muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Essential amino acids (EAA) stimulate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1)...
Identification of nucleated red blood cells in maternal circulation: a second step in screening for fetal aneuploidies and pregnancy complications.

Background Identification of fetal nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) in maternal circulation can facilitate non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, but technical difficulties still exist. An increase in the number of circulating NRBCs, however, could indicate fetal aneuploidies or pregnancy complications. Materials and Methods The number of NRBCs was determined from 20 mL peripheral blood in 351 women in the second trimester of pregnancy after isolation by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) with anti-CD71 antibody and identification with May-Grunwald/Giemsa staining. Results An average of eight NRBCs (range 1–12) were identified among 282 women with chromosomally normal fetuses. In cases known to carry aneuploid fetuses the mean number was 35 (range 7–113), but when the fetus had trisomy 21 (n = 17) an average of 71 NRBCs were identified. Among 26 carriers of β-thalassemia, 42 NRBCs (range 22–158) were isolated. In pregnancies with abnormal Doppler findings in both uterine arteries (n = 20), 15 NRBCs (range 2–75) were isolated. Conclusion Determining the number of NRBCs in maternal circulation could represent an additional screening step for fetal aneuploidies, as long as the anemic status of the mother is taken into consideration. However, more cases with abnormal Doppler results must be investigated before this test is used for in the prediction of pregnancy complications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic stability criteria for delay-differential equations

On considere la stabilite uniforme et la stabilite equiasymptotique de la solution zero d'equations differentielles fonctionnelles avec retard fini ou infini
Rituals in infection control: what works in the newborn nursery?

Two infection control practices common in the newborn nursery; handwashing and gowning, are compared with regards to historic origins, effectiveness, and extent of practice. The practice of handwashing is the direct result of efforts to prevent puerperal sepsis and has been shown to be effective in reducing neonatal risk of infection. Gowning has evolved from operating room practices and has been shown to be generally ineffective in reducing risk of infant infection. Nevertheless, gowning is practiced extensively and handwashing is often omitted. Such rituals need occasional reexamination so that those practices associated with maximum effectiveness receive appropriate attention.
Calibration of RHIC electron detectors

To characterize the electron cloud in RHIC, eleven custom electron detectors have been designed, fabricated and installed at a few RHIC warm-bore vacuum sectors for data collection during FY2003 runs. Prior to installation, the transmission and collection efficiencies of these detectors at various grid and collector bias voltages were measured using an electron gun with energy up to 1500 eV. This paper describes the design of the detector and the test system set-up, and summarizes the calibration results. In addition the calibration of a commercial microchannel plate is also reported.
Characteristics of publicly insured children with high dental expenses.

Background: Dental coverage is provided for all children with Medicaid in Washington State. The goal of this study was to illuminate the characteristics of a sample of Medicaid-enrolled children with high dental expenses. Methods: Dental care utilization data for a 33-month period were obtained from Washington State's Medicaid database. For children, 0 to 6 years, these data were linked with a parent survey addressing oral health behaviors, knowledge, family history of caries, snacking patterns, and access to dental care. Children with dental expenses of $1,000 or more were classified as the “high-expense” group. Risk factors for the high-expense group were evaluated using multiple logistic regression. Results: 345 children had at least one dental procedure including preventive and diagnostic care. Among these, 30 children (9 percent) incurred 64 percent of total dental expenses for the entire group. Parent perception of lack of dental coverage was associated with incurring high dental expenses. Children of Asian or Pacific Islander heritage were at disproportionately high risk compared to White children. Age of child and family history of caries were also associated with increased risk for high expenses. Conclusions: Not all low-income children on Medicaid are at high risk for caries. A combination of factors, including family history of caries and parent's perception of lack of dental insurance coverage, can potentially increase a child's likelihood for high-expense dental treatment. This study highlighted a small group of children with disproportionately high dental expenses. For some, earlier knowledge of coverage may have resulted in more timely access to preventive and diagnostic care, reducing the subsequent need for expensive restorative treatment.
Development and Validation of a Rubric for Diagnosing Students’ Experimental Design Knowledge and Difficulties

It is essential to teach students about experimental design, as this facilitates their deeper understanding of how most biological knowledge was generated and gives them tools to perform their own investigations. Despite the importance of this area, surprisingly little is known about what students actually learn from designing biological experiments. In this paper, we describe a rubric for experimental design (RED) that can be used to measure knowledge of and diagnose difficulties with experimental design. The development and validation of the RED was informed by a literature review and empirical analysis of undergraduate biology students’ responses to three published assessments. Five areas of difficulty with experimental design were identified: the variable properties of an experimental subject; the manipulated variables; measurement of outcomes; accounting for variability; and the scope of inference appropriate for experimental findings. Our findings revealed that some difficulties, documented some 50 yr ago, still exist among our undergraduate students, while others remain poorly investigated. The RED shows great promise for diagnosing students’ experimental design knowledge in lecture settings, laboratory courses, research internships, and course-based undergraduate research experiences. It also shows potential for guiding the development and selection of assessment and instructional activities that foster experimental design.
Home environment, nutritional status and maternal intelligence as determinants of intellectual development in rural Philippine preschool children.

Abstract We investigated the relationship between home environment, nutritional status, and intellectual development in rural Philippine preschool children, using culture-relevant environment and intelligence scales and anthropometric measures of nutritional status. We found a moderate relationship between home environment and intellectual development. Intellectual malnourished range. Multiple regression analyses indicated that home environment variables provided more unique prediction of children's intelligence than did socioeconomic status (SES) and maternal intelligence, and that both the physical and psychosocial environment provided unique prediction. The relationship between home environment and intellectual development could not be accounted for entirely by maternal intelligence, a partial index of genetic influence. Results suggested the possibility of identifying environmental experiences related differentially to particular psychometric abilities (i.e., environmental specificity).
Missing the Chalkboard: Using Screencasting in the Online Classroom

This article describes the use of screencasting in online education courses. It defines and explores screencasting and how it can be used in online class environments. It also defines and gives a history of screencasting as well as examines how it can be used in a college online classroom. The article explains the step-by-step process for creating a screencast and the reasons why it would help online educators. Moreover, it presents how screencasting can be applied to various teaching settings and provides links to various free and fee-based online screencasting tools. This hands-on approach to education provides teachers with a creative and timely way to promote 21st-century learning in and out of the classroom.
Virtual machine based PFT and new approach for serialized collaboration in the clinic/specialized test facility

The emergence of more sophisticated full body plethysmograph systems has occurred over recent years reflecting necessity for broader testing of respiratory functions. Specific airway resistance (sRaw) and interthoratic gas volume (ITGV/TGV) or FRCpleth can provide more accurate measure of lung function utilizing a computerized full body plethysmograph. Clinics and/or specialized test facilities today could use this type of system for testing, evaluation, and long term monitoring of patients suspected of suffering from pulmonary disease of which there is no cure.
Delay of Vortex Breakdown over a Delta Wing via Near-Core Blowing

Injection of jets from nozzles embedded in a delta wing were used to add momentum into the core of the leading edge vortices and thus delay their breakdown. The tests were performed on a delta wing with a 60° sweep angle at a Reynolds number of 260,000 and angles of attack varying from 12 to 20°. At a typical angle of attack of 15°, the vortex breakdown location was moved from its natural location at 55% of the wing chord to 90% near the trailing edge, using a blowing coefficient of Cu = 0.007. Though optimized for a = 15°, the jet blowing was effective in the entire range of angles of attack studied. Flow visualizations, which were performed by illuminating smoke with a laser sheet, showed the effect of the jet blowing on the vortex core and were used to determine the vortex trajectory and breakdown location. The mean axial velocity and turbulence intensity were mapped across the vortex at several axial locations using Laser Doppler Velocimetry. Vortex breakdown resulted in strong deceleration of the mean velocity in the core region, the appearance of negative flow and increased turbulence intensity. Fluctuations in the vortex breakdown location at a Strouhal number of 0.13 were recorded. The control jet injection accelerated the core velocity and stabilized the vortex as evidenced by a reduction in the turbulence intensity and a substantial shift of the vortex breakdown location towards the trailing edge. Nomenclature
Hydrogen Ion Concentration within the Digestive Tract of Certain Insects.

Previous work on the hydrogen ion concentration of the digestive tract of insects has been somewhat limited to certain large species of the Orthoptera. Bodine (1)[†][1] has done the most of this work and has published the pH readings for seventeen species of Orthoptera. His results were as follows: [1]: #fn-2
Research Advances on The Relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreatic Cancer

The review discussed the research advances on relationship between diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer based on epidemiologic and experimental researches.
Structural changes in the gamma and epsilon subunits of the Escherichia coli F1F0-type ATPase during energy coupling.

Structural changes in theEscherichia coli ATP synthase (ECF1F0) occur as part of catalysis, cooperativity and energy coupling within the complex. The γ and e subunits, two major components of the stalk that links the F1 and F0 parts, are intimately involved in conformational coupling that links catalytic site events in the F1 part with proton pumping through the membrane embedded F0 sector. Movements of the γ subunit have been observed by electron microscopy, and by cross-linking and fluorescence studies in which reagents are bound to Cys residues introduced at selected sites by mutagenesis. Conformational changes and shifts of the e subunit related to changes in nucleotide occupancy of catalytic sites have been followed by similar approaches.
Exploring Social Justice in World Language Education Through the Lens of Pain

An introduction is presented for a series of articles on how social justice can be examined within world language education.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus

The research that led to the identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is presented in this chapter. The virus probably originated in the Cameroons in approximately 1910; it subsequently migrated down-river to Zaire, and then to Europe and the Americas in the late 1970s. It is spread from person to person by the exchange of body fluids; this might occur during sexual contact, pregnancy, or transfusion of blood or blood products. The transmission of HIV is facilitated by a long incubation period of 5.5 years, during which the infected person has few symptoms but is still capable of infecting others. Within 5 years of HIV’s arrival in the Caribbean, 1000 people in the United States had contracted AIDS. The virus attacks and destroys CD4 immune cells, making HIV-positive individuals susceptible to other, often fatal, microbial infections. Currently, HIV infects approximately 50,000 people per year in the United States, and more than 34 million people are estimated to harbor the virus globally. In 1986, azidothymidine was shown to prevent HIV multiplication; today, there are safer and more effective agents, but none is curative.
Temperature Measurements in Cryogenic Engineering

In this review no attempt will be made to provide a detailed treatment of low-temperature thermometry inasmuch as several[1–4] are already available.* Instead, only a cursory review of some well-known facts will be given in order to provide an introduction to discussions of recent developments in this field and techniques that are especially well-suited to engineering experimentation. Temperatures below 1°K will not be considered. Because of this special orientation, little or nothing will be said about certain topics that usually command considerable attention, such as precision gas thermometry and magnetic thermometry.
Noncompletion of Evidence-Based Parent Training: An Empirical Examination Among Families of Children in Foster Care

Child welfare have historically experienced high dropout rates. As evidence-based interventions (EBIs) spread to the child welfare field, treatment noncompletion could interfere with successful out...
Martial Law and English Laws, c.1500–c.1700

John M. Collins presents the first comprehensive history of martial law in the early modern period. He argues that rather than being a state of exception from law, martial law was understood and practiced as one of the King's laws. Further, it was a vital component of both England's domestic and imperial legal order. It was used to quell rebellions during the Reformation, to subdue Ireland, to regulate English plantations like Jamestown, to punish spies and traitors in the English Civil War, and to build forts on Jamaica. Through outlining the history of martial law, Collins reinterprets English legal culture as dynamic, politicized, and creative, where jurists were inspired by past practices to generate new law rather than being restrained by it. This work asks that legal history once again be re-integrated into the cultural and political histories of early modern England and its empire.
Translating Science to the Bedside: The Innovation Pipeline

In an era when collaborations between industry and academia are more prized than ever, the traditional model of academic research is falling by the wayside. A new model—one that matches critical needs in industry with crosscutting solutions from basic and translational research—is filling the void. Integration of the academic, industry, and venture communities in a unified way is key to the success of this work.