cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FATE OF AFLATOXIN B2 IN A TWO-STEP MICROBIAL RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR FOOD INDUSTRY WASTES

The fate of aflatoxin B2 in a two-step microbial process for the recovery of single cell protein (SCP) was determined. Bacillus subtilis A was used to hydrolyze a protein-starch medium for subsequent growth of Lactobacilus acidophilus Farr. Growth of L. acidophilus in the modified medium was 100-fold greater than in the initial medium. The medium was spiked with 800 ppb aflatoxin, and high pressure liquid chromatography was employed for quantification of residual aflatoxin. Extraction efficiency of the aflatoxin was 72.4%. No differences were noted in the amounts of aflatoxin present after any of the treatments.
Full recess integration of small diameter low threshold VCSELs within Si-CMOS ICs.

Oxide-aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been integrated as individual device pills within the dielectric stacks of commercially produced silicon integrated circuits and monolithically connected electrically with the underlying circuitry using technology compatible with wafer-scale processing. The 55 µm diameter, 8 µm tall device pills were bonded in recesses etched to reveal buried contact/bond pads included in the IC layout; the surface was replanarized, contact vias formed, and interconnect metal deposited and patterned. The typical CW threshold current, 1 to 2.5 mA, was the same before and after integration, and integrated devices had thermal impedances similar to devices on their native GaAs substrates.
Renal dietitians lack time and resources to follow the NKF KDOQI guidelines for frequency and method of diet assessment: results of a survey.

Objective This study was conducted to determine how often renal dietitians assess patients' diets and what methods they use to collect and analyze the data. Design and Methods Data were collected through an anonymous online survey. The survey was distributed to renal dietitians during the winter of 2012. Subjects Currently practicing renal dietitian members of the International Society for Renal Nutrition and Metabolism, the National Kidney Foundation Council on Renal Nutrition, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Renal Practice Group, and the RenalRD listserve were invited to participate. Of 599 usable responses received, 91% worked in the United States. The main outcome measure was dietitian compliance with Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) nutrition assessment guidelines. Results Most dietitians collect dietary intake data when certain laboratory results are abnormal (70%) whereas 6.5% biannually collect dietary intake data (recommended by KDOQI). The most common reasons for not collecting dietary intake data more frequently were lack of time (42%) and software (25%). Most dietitians determine the frequency of dietary intake assessment on their own (60%) whereas 10% follow the KDOQI guidelines. The most common method of dietary intake data collection was a typical day recall (50%), although 8% reported using a 3-day food record as recommended by KDOQI. The most common method for analyzing dietary intake data was "estimate in my head" (62%) followed by calculate by hand (24.5%). Conclusion Renal dietitians do not follow the KDOQI guidelines for diet assessment because of time constraints. Research must explore which nutrition assessment tools may improve patient outcomes and can also be completed within the time allotted for nutrition care.
Right-Heart Catheterization in Coronary Artery Disease

The performance of routine right-heart catheterization on patients under going study for coronary artery disease is a subject of controversy. Accordingly, data from 100 consecutive patients who had coronary arteriography and right- heart catheterization were analyzed. Seventy-nine had significant (>70% ste nosis) coronary disease (group I), and 21 had patent coronary vessels (group II). Although group I patients had a lower ejection fraction (EF) 53 ± 2 vs 65 ± 2%, P < 0.05) and stroke work index (SW) (52 ± 2.2 vs 69 ±4.2 Gm-m/m2, P < 0.001) than group II patients, systolic pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (31 ± 1.6 vs 26 ± 1.2 mmHg, NS), pulmonary arteriolar resistance (PAR) (2.3 ± 0.2 vs 1.7 ± 0.2 u,NS), and cardiac index (CI) (3.1 ± 0.3 vs 3.1 ± 0.2 L/min/m2, NS) were not different.Systolic PA pressure in group I correlated with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), SW, and EF, but these relationships were not strong (r < 0.57, all P < 0.01). Eight patients had a PA pressure greater than 50 mm...
Analytical rheology of blends of linear and star polymers using a Bayesian formulation

A Bayesian data analysis technique is presented as a general tool for inverting linear viscoelastic models of branched polymers. The proposed method takes rheological data of an unknown polymer sample as input and provides a distribution of compositions and structures consistent with the rheology, as its output. It does so by converting the inverse problem of analytical rheology into a sampling problem, using the idea of Bayesian inference. A Markov chain Monte Carlo method with delayed rejection is proposed to sample the resulting posterior distribution. As an example, the method is applied to pure linear and star polymers and linear–linear, star–star, and star–linear blends. It is able to (a) discriminate between pure and blend systems, (b) accurately predict the composition of the mixtures, in the absence of degenerate solutions, and (c) describe multiple solutions, when more than one possible combination of constituents is consistent with the rheology.
Boson creation by an atom moving near a surface

We consider the various mechanisms for energy transfer by an atom moving in its van der Waals potential a distance $z$ from a surface. For the exchange of either surface optical phonons at an ionic surface or surface plasmons at a metal surface we obtain transition rates which exhibit a maximum at an optimum atomic velocity and which decay exponentially with $z$. It is found that single-phonon events do not always dominate the exchange rate. At small $z$ the single-quantum monopole porcess is most important but at larger $z$ the two-quantum dipole exchange term is greater. Single-quantum transfers arising from higher-order processes in the Born series are completely negligible.
People out of Place: Globalization, Human Rights, and the Citizenship Gap

People out of Place: Globalization, Human Rights, and the Citizenship Gap. Edited by Alison Brysk and Gershon Shafir. New York: Routledge, 2004. 272p. 24.95 paper.The original essays in this anthology make a significant contribution to the ongoing debates about citizenship, human rights, and the future of the nation-state by exploring the contradictory impacts of globalization on the provision of individual rights. On the one hand, the transnational flows of people, capital, and technology associated with globalization have led to a deflation of citizenship rights, particularly for members of vulnerable groups, and created large noncitizen populations with significantly fewer rights than citizens. Yet on the other hand, the cosmopolitan aspects of globalization, such as the evolution of human rights and the expansion of liberal legal norms, create new levels of membership and new venues in which to claim rights. The book has two related goals. The first is to describe the complicated processes by which globalization is altering the nature of nation-state citizenship and creating a “citizenship gap” among global elites, legal citizens, marginalized citizens, and migrants. The volume's second goal is to determine whether the cosmopolitan aspects of globalization can remedy the citizenship gap. Will existing nation-state citizenship and emerging universal rights regimes be sufficient to protect the rights of marginalized citizens and noncitizens? Or must human rights be embedded in global governance in order to close the citizenship gap?
Dissolution of iron in silicate melts

The oxidation and dissolution of metallic iron in silicate melts were investigated. The base composition consisted of Idaho soil with quartz and potassium feldspars as primary phases. Iron immersed in melts of unaltered soil and SiO2-K2O underwent minimal oxidation at 1400°C. Melts consisting of soil, 10 wt% of added K2O, and 5-20 wt% of added Fe2O3 were capable of dissolving Fe. Progressively greater Fe dissolution occurred with increasing Fe2O3 content. A melt containing 20 wt% Fe2O3 dissolved 10 wt% Fe within 3 h. Melts containing greater than 10 wt% Fe2O3 crystallized almost entirely as magnetite (Fe3O4) and augite (Ca(Mg,Fe(2+))(SiO3)2). The data obtained also suggest that added Fe2O3 contributed to an increased rate of oxygen diffusion in these melts.
Race and employment in the federal sector

Abstract The use of probit analysis with partial observability demonstrates the presence of a queue for federal jobs and confirms that race plays a role in determining who works for the federal government. Specifically, non-whites are disproportionately represented among federal workers not because they are disproportionately in the queue, but because they are disproportionately chosen from the queue. Thus, the federal government acts as a ‘model’ employer by being more likely to hire minorities instead of having a pool of potential employees which differs in racial composition from that available to the private sector.
Kinetic frame effects: I. Alpha motion.

Several pseudokinetic effects were obtained under various conditions of a moving frame which was a white rectangle that continually lengthened and shortened. In the center was a black stationary line. When the line was co-oriented with the rectangle, alpha motion occurred at 1.7 cps of the frame; when the line was perpendicular to the frame's movement, two other phenomena were noted: (a) the line changed in both length and thickness, and (b) the frame changed in shape (“bow-tie” effect). The findings led to a revision of the original area theory, toward a conception which included a factor of line-to-frame orientation.
Accurate analytic representations of solar time and seasons on Mars with applications to the Pathfinder/Surveyor missions

Efficient analytic recipes are presented for a moderately accurate, closed-form calculation of the areocentric longitude (Ls), analemmic “equation of time,” and solar hour angles on Mars, along with an approximate recovery of the Viking “Local Lander Time.” The adopted fit to the fictitious mean sun implies a Mars tropical orbit period of 686.9725d.
Amplification of streamflow impacts of El Niño by increased atmospheric greenhouse gases

[1] Some El Nino events produce unusually large precipitation amounts in Northern and Central California. We use a high-resolution global model of the atmosphere coupled to a physically-based model of surface hydrology to investigate effects of increased atmospheric CO2 and this type of El Nino, both individually and in combination, on monthly river flows in California. Increased CO2 changes the seasonal timing of river flows and increases their variability. SST anomalies typical of a strong El Nino SST increase monthly-mean flows. The two perturbations together result in increased mean flows and increased variability, raising the possibility of both increased flood risk and water shortages. The river flow response to this strong El Nino in an increased CO2 climate is significantly different from the sum of the responses to the individual perturbations.
A COMMENT ON ALEC NOVE, 'A NOTE ON GROWTH, INVESTMENT AND PRICE INDEXES'

decline rather than the claimed increase. He bases his conclusion upon comparison of budgetary investment estimates with those of investment plans, upon analogy with the machinery production index, and upon evidence provided by two perceptive Soviet economists with regard to investment estimate price escalation and rising real costs per unit of productive capacity. Let us examine each of his points in turn. Nove asserts that the index of investment expenditures reported in current prices in the Minister of Finance's budget message exceeded the original planned growth and was nearly identical to the claimed increase in investment growth, both in unchanged prices. He then concludes that the real volume of investment declined if the investment growth index in unchanged prices exceeded that in current prices. Soviet accounting practice refutes this argument because the valuation of investment, both in the budget document and in the plan and the official investment index are all in the same unit of measurement-estimate prices. This assertion is supported by evidence from Soviet sources which indicate that the centralized portion of investment which is financed by the state budget is disbursed and monitored by Stroibank and Gosbank. These two disbursing institutions use estimate prices in the various official forms used to implement their responsibilities. It is not legitimate to leap from the demonstrated and generally accepted inflation in the official machinery production indexes to a similar propensity in the machinery and equipment portion of official investment indexes because the prices entering into the two indexes are dissimilar. While the production index uses 'comparable' production prices, the investment index uses 'comparable' estimate prices.2 Unlike production prices, which are based upon an unchanging product sample, estimate prices reflect projected costs of particular investment projects, which combine bundles of machinery and construction. Many of these projects are unique in their composition. Therefore, the investment volume index does not allow for the possibility of using an unchanging, unrepresentative sample, as in the case of the machinery production index. The validity of the investment index must be evaluated in terms of the estimate prices and deflators
The Elementary Particle of Positive Electricity

THE name “negative electron” was applied to the elementary particle of negative electricity after the experimental evidence for the variation of its mass with velocity had generally convinced physicists that its whole inertia was due to its electric charge. This meaning of the term “electron7rdquo; was in accord with Dr. Johnstone Stoney's original use of the word to denote the elementary unit of electric charge. With the introduction of the principle of relativity it became clear that the variation of mass with velocity was no characteristic attribute of electrical inertia, and that therefore we have no proof that the negative electron's inertia is wholly electromagnetic in origin. In fact, the investigations of Abraham, Webster, and others have shown that there must be some mass present other than that due to the electron's electric field. If we abide by Dr. Stoney's original meaning of the word, it is therefore more than doubtful whether we are justified in calling this negatively electrified particle of matter an electron. Nevertheless, the term is now so well established in the literature that we use “electron” to denote this elementary particle regardless of our view concerning the origin of its mass.
Rank order tests for grouped data under progressive censoring

For grouped data under time-sequential studies, a general class of progressively censored rank order tests for the simple regression model is proposed and studied. Asymptotic properties of these tests are studied through the formation of suitable stochastic processes having asymptotic Gaussian structures. Some numerical illustrations are provided at the end.
Compliance and stability of excised mouse lungs

Abstract o 1. Static air and saline volume-pressure (V-P) curves were obtained from lungs of the mouse, mus musculus. Air curves were similar for lungs in situ or excised. 2. Continuous filling (5 ml/min) gave V-P curves as sensitive to changes in the lung as stepwise filling (1 min pause/5 cm H2O), but were simpler and quicker to run. 3. Total lung compliance was evaluated from various parts of the air V-P curve in the 0–30 cm H2O range. The slope of a tidal volume loop (8–15 cm H2O) gave the most consistent results. 4. Compared to Na pentobarbital, cervical dislocation and decapitation produced lungs with low compliance. 5. Per cent maximum volume retained at 10 cm H2O (V% 10) was as satisfactory as the more complicated index “L” for measuring lung stability. 6. Static total compliance of the excised lung of the 28 g female mouse averaged 37 ± 2·5 μl/cm H2O (n = 42).
Antiaromaticity in fluorenylidene dications. Experimental and theoretical evidence for the relationship between the HOMO/LUMO gap and antiaromaticity.

The relationship between the calculated energy of the HOMO−LUMO gap, where (eLUMO − eHOMO)/2 is defined as ΔHL, and of the longest wavelength transition in the UV−visible spectrum, ΔE, was examined for a series of aromatic and antiaromatic cations and dications. TD-DFT calculations accurately modeled the energies of a series of dications including fluorenylidene dications whose UV−visible spectra are reported, as well as the energies of a series of aromatic and antiaromatic monocations whose spectra were previously reported. There is a linear correlation of the energy of the longest wavelength transition, ΔEcalc, with ΔHL. There is no linear relationship between ΔEcalc and the sum of the NICS values, but there is a linear relationship between ΔEcalc multiplied by the number of atoms in the conjugated system, ΔEcalc(T), and the sum of the NICS values. There is also an approximate linear relationship between the average 1H NMR shift and the sum of the NICS values. These relationships give further support to...
Mitochondrial changes associated with glutathione deficiency

Glutathione deficiency produced by giving buthionine sulfoximine (an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase) to animals, leads to biphasic decline in cellular glutathione levels associated with sequestration of glutathione in mitochondria. Liver mitochondria lack the enzymes needed for glutathione synthesis. Mitochondrial glutathione arises from the cytosol. Rat liver mitochondria have a multicomponent system (with Kms of approx. 60 microM and 5.4 mM) that underlies their remarkable ability to transport and retain glutathione. Mitochondria produce substantial quantities of reactive oxygen species; this is opposed by reactions involving glutathione. Glutathione deficiency leads to widespread mitochondrial damage which is lethal in newborn rats and guinea pigs, animals that do not synthesize ascorbate. Glutathione esters and ascorbate protect against the lethal and other effects of glutathione deficiency. Ascorbate spares glutathione; it increases mitochondrial glutathione in glutathione-deficient animals. Glutathione esters delay onset of scurvy in ascorbate-deficient guinea pigs; thus, glutathione spares ascorbate. Glutathione and ascorbate function together in protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage.
Hydrophobicities of the nucleic acid bases: distribution coefficients from water to cyclohexane.

To establish an experimental scale of hydrophobicities for the nucleic acid bases, comparable with a scale developed earlier for amino acid side-chains, these bases and their parent compounds (purine and pyrimidin-2-one) were converted to n-butylated and tetrahydrofurylated derivatives that are appreciably soluble in cyclohexane, a truly non-polar solvent that dissolves negligible water at saturation. Distribution measurements between neutral aqueous solution and cyclohexane, at varying solute concentrations, showed no evidence of self-association of the solute in either solvent, and the possibility of specific entrainment of water by solutes entering cyclohexane was ruled out by the results of experiments with tritiated water. In both the n-butyl and tetrahydrofuryl series, the bases span a range of approximately 5.3 kcal mol-1 in their free energies of transfer from water to cyclohexane, and are arranged in the following rank, in order of decreasing hydrophobicity: purine>thymine>adenine>uracil>pyrimidin-2-one>hypoxanthine>/=cytosine >/=guanine. In both series of pyrimidin-2-ones, hydrophobicity decreases with introduction of an amino substituent, but addition of an exocyclic keto group results in a modest enhancement of hydrophobicity; and free energies of transfer are relatively insensitive to the position of N-alkyl substitution. In both series of purines, hydrophobicity decreases with the introduction of exocyclic amino and keto groups, the keto group having the greater effect; and free energies of transfer vary substantially depending on the position of N-alkyl substitution. Several additional compounds were examined to test recent predictions based on SM5.4/A, a quantum mechanical self-consistent-field solvation model; and that model was found to yield values in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.
Sex Differences in Depressive Symptom Expression and Help-Seeking among College Students.

Considerable controversy has emerged around the issue of sex differences in depression. A recent study of a large sample of young, unmarried college student found no sex differences in degree of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory, and yet significant sex differences emerged in the patterns of symptoms expressed by the most depressed subsample. It was speculated that sex differences in symptom expression may lead to sex differences in self-presentation, help-seeking, and evaluation by professionals — eventuating in predominance of women treated for depression. Two studies were conducted to clarify these issues. The first study attempted to replicate the findings on a similar large sample of college students using discriminant function analysis of male and female responses to the D30 subscale of the Depression scale of the MMPI. The results confirmed the previous finding that depressed men in a college population are more likely to express social withdrawal, cognitive and motivational deficits, and somatic concerns. Depressed women are characterized on the D30 by a lack of confidence, a lack of concern for what happens to them, and being hurt by criticism. The second study examined possible sex differences in the self-labeling of depression, attitudes toward seeking help for depression, and actual help-seeking behaviors. Men and women did not differ in willingness to report depression. However, there were clear sex differences in both help-seeking attitudes and reported behaviors, with men more reluctant to seek help.
Charge-density-wave order with momentum (2Q,0) and (0,2Q) within the spin-fermion model: Continuous and discrete symmetry breaking, preemptive composite order, and relation to pseudogap in hole-doped cuprates

Weanalyzechargeorderinhole-dopedcuprateswithinthethespin-fermionmodel.Weshowthatamagnetically mediated interaction, which is known to give rise to d-wave superconductivity and charge order with momentum along zone diagonal, also gives rise to charge order with momenta Qx = (2Q,0) and Qy = (0,2Q) consistent with the experiments. We show that an instability towardsQ =� c †+Q ck−Qwith Q = Qx or Qy is a threshold phenomenon, but the dimensionless spin-fermion coupling is above the threshold, if the magnetic correlation length ξ exceeds a certain critical value. At a critical ξ, the onset temperature for the charge order terminates at a quantum-critical point distant from the magnetic one. We argue that the charge order with Qx or Qy changes sign under k → k + (π,π), but |� Q | � � Q+(π,π) |. In real space, such an order has both bond and site components; the bond one is larger. We further argue thatQ andQk are not equivalent, and their symmetric and antisymmetric combinations describe, in real space, incommensurate density modulations and incommensurate bond current, respectively. We derive the Ginzburg-Landau functional for four-component U(1) order parametersQk with Q = Qx or Qy and analyze it first in mean-field theory and then beyond mean field. Within mean field we find two types of charge-density-wave (CDW) states, I and II, depending on system parameters. In state I, density and current modulations emerge with the same Q = Qx or Qy, breaking Z2 lattice rotational symmetry, and differ in phase by ±π/2. The selection of π/ 2o r−π/2 additionally breaks Z2 time-reversal symmetry, such that the total order parameter manifold is U(1) × Z2 × Z2. In state II, density and current modulations emerge with different Q and the order parameter manifold is U(1) × U(1) × Z2, where in the two realizations of state II, Z2 corresponds to either lattice rotational or time-reversal symmetry breaking. We extend the analysis beyond mean field and argue that discrete symmetries get broken before long-range charge order sets in. For state I, which, we argue, is related to hole-doped cuprates, we show that, upon lowering the temperature, the system first breaks Z2 lattice rotational symmetry (C4 → C2 )a tT = Tn and develops a nematic order, then breaks Z2 time-reversal symmetry at Tt <T n and locks the relative phase between density and current fluctuations, and finally breaks U(1) symmetry of a common phase of even and odd components ofQ at T = TCDW <T t <T n and develops a true charge order. We argue that at a mean field, TCDW is smaller than superconducting TSC, but preemptive composite order lifts TCDW and reduces TSC such that at large ξ charge order develops prior to superconductivity. We obtain the full phase diagram and present quantitative comparison of our results with ARPES data for hole-doped cuprates. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.035149
The antibacterial effects of some dental restorative materials.

INVESTIGATIONS concerning the antibacterial effects exhibited by dental restorative materials have been limited. In most instances, the materials were tested using gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, with no attempt being made to correlate these tests with the organisms usually considered to be associated with dental caries. For this reason, we chose to use Lactobacillus case, Clostridiumn bifermentans, and Streptococcus viridxtns, studying the antibacterial action of several commonly used restorative materials on organisms which we regard to be most closely related to the various process. Naegeli, in 1893, was the first to observe that algae were killed when placed in water in contact with copper.1 He termed this phenomenon the " oligodynamic 'action of metals. In a further study of this phenomenon, he observed that arsenic possessed the greatest oligodynamic action and, in decreasing order of action, mercury, copper, and silver; lead, gold, and iron did not demonstrate this property. All the bacteria were not equally influenced: the gram-positive organisms were influenced more than the gram-negative organisms.2 At the close of the nineteenth century, Miller pointed out that certain gold preparations had a bactericidal action; he stated that this bactericidal action was absent in mat gold and was lost when gold foil was annealed. Later, it was observed that mercury, silver, and copper were capable of arresting the growth on agar plates of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacterium coli, Bacterium pyocyaneum, and Eberthella typhosa.2 Staub found tin and cylinder gold to be incapable of arresting the development of Bacterium prodigiosum.2 Pickerill noted that copper amalgam and zinc phosphate cement were the only dental restorative materials that exhibited appreciable antiseptic action on a mixed culture of organisms obtained from various dentin. Staub found that copper, silver, and mercury effectively inhibited the growth of Bacterium coli, Bacterium pyocyaneum, and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, but no action was seen with either gold or tin. The action of the metals was greater on Bacterium coli and Sta~phylococcus aureus than on Bacterium pyocyaneun.2 Hill and Boester observed that most of the commercial cements were sufficiently germicidal for clinical purposes. They tested these cements against Staphylococcus aureus after allowing the specimens to set for 24 hours to permit the elimination of the free phosphoric acid.5
A new approach to detecting asymmetries in gait.

Abstract Background Traditional parameters used to assess gait asymmetries, e.g., joint range of motion or symmetry indices, fail to provide insight regarding timing and magnitude of movement deviations among lower limb joints during the gait cycle. This study evaluated the efficacy of a new approach for quantifying aspects of gait asymmetry. Methods Asymmetric gait was simulated by joint bracing. The dominant leg knee or ankle was constrained in ten healthy young adult males. Kinematic data were collected during three-minute trials for treadmill-walking conditions: unbraced, knee-braced, and ankle-braced. We created a regions of deviation analysis, which compared asymmetric walking (flexion/extension behavior) relative to normative (group-averaged unbraced) data. Symmetry/asymmetry between bilateral joint pairs was quantified and the behavior of specific joints relative to normative data was assessed using this analysis. Findings While traditional measures (e.g., maximum range of motion) grossly detected asymmetries due to bracing, these new analyses identified significant regions of asymmetry. Knee-bracing affected the knee during mid-swing, but also increased ankle asymmetry during both terminal stance and mid-swing and hip asymmetry during mid-stance and mid-swing. Ankle-bracing created asymmetries at the ankle (terminal stance and initial swing) and hip (terminal stance), but none at the knee. Interpretation Region of deviation analysis effectively identified the timing and magnitude of deviations throughout the gait cycle, and provided information about the impact of a joint-mobility perturbation on neighboring joints. This new methodology will be useful in clinical settings to identify, characterize, and monitor recovery from asymmetric behaviors associated with injuries or pathologies.
High-pressure plastic lamination for flexible mounts of cover-slip preparations.

A Carver laminating press has been used for the lamination of small glass cover slip preparations of smears, aspiration biopsies, organ imprints and tissue culture materials between 41/2 × 57/8 × 0.012 inch thick Vinylite plastic sheets at 10,000 lb/inch2 of pressure and 400° F. The procedure described was to minimize some of the difficulties encountered in the cytological assessment of a variety of tissue and cell preparations. Lamination flattens the cells sufficiently to increase cytological detail and to reduce overlapping without sacrificing staining properties. Giemsa, Wright's methylene blue, orcein, and hematoxylin-eosin stains were used in the preparations. None of these stains were altered by the procedure. Laminated cell preparations are more suitable for making automatic and visual cell counts and for counting intracellular organoids
A new proof of admissibility of tests in the multivariate analysis of variance

Abstract A new proof of admissibility of tests in MANOVA is given using Stein's theorem [7]. The convexity condition of Stein's theorem is proved directly by means of majorization rather than by the supporting hyperplane approach. This makes the geometrical meaning of the admissibility result clearer.
Kinetics of successive seeding of monodisperse polystyrene latexes. II. Azo initiators with and without inhibitors

Oil soluble azo initiators in combination with water soluble inhibitors were used to extend the particle size limit in studies of the kinetics of successive seeding of monodisperse polystyrene latexes. Monodisperse latexes were prepared up to 2.5 μm in diam using 4.0 mM AMBN and 14.5 mM hydroquinone with a constant 15% emulsifier (Aerosol–MA) surface coverage throughout the seven step sequence. The polymerization kinetics were measured in a piston/cylinder dilatometer designed for microgravity experiments. The Interval III kinetics were dominated by the gel effect although these were affected by the nature of the inhibitor. In general, the overall polymerization rate decreased with increasing particle size (decreasing Np) up to a size of about 1 μm. Thereafter, the kinetics were independent of these variables, exhibiting Smith-Ewart Case 3 (bulk) kinetics. The initiator efficiencies were found to be of the order of 10%, considerably lower than reported for bulk polymerizations.
Nox2-dependent glutathionylation of endothelial NOS leads to uncoupled superoxide production and endothelial barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury

Microvascular barrier integrity is dependent on bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) produced locally by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Under conditions of limited substrate or cofactor availability or by enzymatic modification, eNOS may become uncoupled, producing superoxide in lieu of NO. This study was designed to investigate how eNOS-dependent superoxide production contributes to endothelial barrier dysfunction in inflammatory lung injury and its regulation. C57BL/6J mice were challenged with intratracheal LPS. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for protein accumulation, and lung tissue homogenate was assayed for endothelial NOS content and function. Human lung microvascular endothelial cell (HLMVEC) monolayers were exposed to LPS in vitro, and barrier integrity and superoxide production were measured. Biopterin species were quantified, and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays were performed to identify protein interactions with eNOS that putatively drive uncoupling. Mice exposed to LPS demonstrated eNOS-dependent increased alveolar permeability without evidence for altered canonical NO signaling. LPS-induced superoxide production and permeability in HLMVEC were inhibited by the NOS inhibitor nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, eNOS-targeted siRNA, the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, and superoxide dismutase. Co-IP indicated that LPS stimulated the association of eNOS with NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), which correlated with augmented eNOS S-glutathionylation both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Nox2-specific inhibition prevented LPS-induced eNOS modification and increases in both superoxide production and permeability. These data indicate that eNOS uncoupling contributes to superoxide production and barrier dysfunction in the lung microvasculature after exposure to LPS. Furthermore, the results implicate Nox2-mediated eNOS-S-glutathionylation as a mechanism underlying LPS-induced eNOS uncoupling in the lung microvasculature.
LATERAL INTERACTIONS IN SMALL PARTICLE SYSTEMS

Discussion d'une theorie generale des proprietes optiques des systemes de petites particules. On considere d'abord les proprietes vibrationnelles de melanges isotopiques de molecules en interaction dipolaire adsorbees selon une structure ordonnee sur une surface metallique. Calcul des proprietes de ce systeme dans l'approximation du potentiel coherent. Analyse des proprietes optiques de systemes de petites particules metalliques a deux et trois dimensions. On emploie un modele de gaz de reseau pour simuler une distribution quasi aleatoire de particules et l'approximation du potentiel coherent est appliquee a l'obtention d'une solution au probleme du desordre
Field dependence-independence as related to college curricula.

32 college students took part in an experiment using Witkin's Embedded-figures Test as a measure of field dependence. It was hypothesized that: (1) students majoring in liberal arts are more field-dependent than those majoring in math, physics, and chemistry; and (2) college-age females are more field-dependent than college-age males. The data supported both hypotheses.
Toward high quality medical care for sickle cell disease: are we there yet?

1. GarfieldE. The history and meaning of the journal impact factor.is the diversity of the articles published. The topics JAMA. 2006;295:90-3.2. Procianoy RS. The journal impact factor today. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83:487.3. Piccoli N, Procianoy RS. Brazilian scientificjournals: an overview. Eur Sci Edit 2007;33:73-4.4. Parizoto GM, Parada CM, Venâncio SI, Carvalhaes MA. Trends and patterns of exclusive breastfeeding for under-6-month-old children. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009;85:201-8.5. Passoni CR, Coelho CA. Ascorbic acid supplementation has a cytoprotective effect on secondary biliary cirrhosis: experimental study in young rats. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008;84:522-8.6.always Almeida MF, Guinsburg R, Martinez FE, Procianoy RS, Leone CR, Marba ST, et al. Perinatal factors associated with early deaths of preterm infants born in Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research centers. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008;84:300-7.7. Moraes MA, Bonatto RC, Carpi MF, Ricchetti SM, Padovani CR, Fioretto JR. Comparison between intermittent mandatory ventilation and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure support in children. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009;85:15-20.8. Procianoy RS. Commitment to quality. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2002;78:83.
A biodegradable perivascular wrap for controlled, local and directed drug delivery

Abstract Perivascular delivery of anti-proliferative agents is an attractive approach to inhibit hyperplasia that causes stenosis of synthetic hemodialysis grafts and other vascular grafts. Perivascular drug delivery systems typically release drugs to both the vascular wall and non-target extravascular tissue. The objective of this study was to develop a biodegradable, perivascular delivery system for localized, sustained and unidirectional drug release in the context of synthetic arteriovenous (AV) grafts used for chronic hemodialysis. To this end, a dense non-porous polymer barrier layer was laminated to either i) a drug-loaded non-porous polymer layer or ii) a porous polymer layer. To provide tunability, the porous layer could be loaded with drug during casting or later infused with a drug-loaded hydrogel. The polymer bilayer wraps were prepared by a solvent casting, thermal-phase inversion technique using either polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) or polycaprolactone (PCL). Sunitinib, a multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was used as a model drug. In a modified transwell chamber system, the barrier function of the non-porous PLGA backing was superior to the non-porous PCL backing although both markedly inhibited drug diffusion. As assessed by in vitro release assays, drug release duration from the drug-loaded non-porous PCL construct was almost 4-fold greater than release from the porous PCL construct infused with drug-laden hydrogel (22 days vs. 5 days); release duration from the drug-loaded non-porous PLGA construct was prolonged approximately 3-fold over release from the porous PLGA construct infused with drug-laden hydrogel (9 days vs. 3 days). Complete in vitro degradation of the PLGA porous and non-porous constructs occurred by approximately 35 days whereas the PCL constructs remained intact even after most of the drug was released (49 days). The PLGA non-porous bilayer wrap containing 143 ± 5.5 mg sunitinib in the inner layer was chosen for further pharmacokinetic assessment in vivo where the construct was placed around the external jugular vein in a porcine model. At 1 week, no drug was detected by HPLC/MS/MS in any examined extravascular tissue whereas high levels of drug were detected in the wrapped vein segment (1048 ng g − 1 tissue). At 4 weeks, drug was detected in adjacent muscle (52 ng g − 1 tissue) but 13-fold greater amounts were detected in the wrapped vein segment (1742 ng g − 1 tissue). These results indicate that the barrier layer effectively impedes extravascular drug loss. Tensile testing showed that the initially flexible PLGA construct stiffened with hydration, a phenomenon also observed after in vivo placement. This characteristic may be useful to resist undue circumferential venous tensile stress produced in AV grafting. The PLGA wrap bilayer formulation is a promising perivascular drug delivery design for local treatment of hemodialysis AV graft hyperplasia and possibly other hyperplastic vascular disorders.
First two patients with ulcerative colitis who developed classical thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura successfully treated with medical therapy and plasma exchange

The association of ulcerative colitis (UC) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is rare. Only one prior patient with these two syndromes has been reported in the literature. In that case, splenectomy and proctectomy were performed to control the symptoms of TTP. We present two patients with UC who developed TTP and were successfully treated with multiple plasma exchanges (PEXs) in conjunction with medical therapy without the necessity for surgical intervention. Acquired TTP may be another extraintestinal autoimmune feature of UC. TTP in association with UC may be refractory to high-dose steroids and PEX, possibly requiring vincristine and splenectomy, as in the one previously reported case, to achieve remission.
384 ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF PHARMACOLOGIC DOSES OF VITAMIN E IN NEWBORN RABBITS

Studies of pharmacologic doses of vitamin E in our laboratory have shown that dosage form and route of administration influence the level and predominant form of vitamin E present in tissue. The functional significance of the quantity and predominant form of vitamin E in tissue was assessed by measurements of antioxidant activity in lung tissue resulting from IV administration of T or TA. One-day-old rabbits were given 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg T or TA IV. The lungs were removed, and a portion was saved for later HPLC analysis of vitamin E content. The remaining lung was homogenized and incubated with an Fe/ascorbate system to generate lipid peroxidation (LP). After 30 min, the reaction was stopped with EDTA; and LP was quantitated using a TBA-based method which measures malonaldehyde (MDA). Increasing IV doses of T resulted in increasing T levels in lung and a comparable lowering of LP (Dose;1 mg/kg, T level 19 ± 5 mcg/g, MDA 203 ± 38 nmoles/g; Dose:100 mg/kg, T level 1901 ± 572 mcg/g, MDA 52 ± 24 nmoles/g). TA given IV increased lung TA levels, but no reduction in LP was observed (Dose:1 mg/kg, TA level 90 ± 68 mcg/g, MDA 297 ± 122 nmoles/g; Dose:100 mg/kg, TA level 1140 ± 548 mcg/g, MDA 281 ± 139 nmoles/g).
Sensitivity of the error in multivariate statistical interpolation to parameter values

Prepared in conjunction with research conducted for the Naval Postgraduate School and funded by the Naval Postgraduate School.
African American caregivers: An exploration of pathways and barriers to a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease for a family member with dementia

Despite the significance of an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), African Americans are diagnosed in later stages of the disease and present with greater cognitive impairment at the time ...
Safety Assessment of Drug Metabolites: Implications of Regulatory Guidance and Potential Application of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models that Express Human P450s

Species differences in drug metabolism present two challenges that may confound the nonclinical safety assessment of candidate drugs. The first challenge is encountered when metabolites are formed uniquely or disproportionately in humans. Another challenge is understanding the human relevance of toxicities associated with metabolites formed uniquely or disproportionately in a nonclinical species. One potential approach to minimize the impact of metabolite related challenges is to consider genetically engineered mouse models that express human P450 enzymes. Human P450 expressing mouse models may have the ability to generate major human metabolites and eliminate or reduce the formation of mouse specific metabolites. Prior to determining the utility of any particular model, it is important to qualify by characterizing protein expression, establishing whether the model generates an in vivo metabolite profile more closely related to that of humans than the wild-type mouse, verifying genetic stability, and evaluating animal health. When compared to the current strategy for handling metabolite challenges (i.e., direct administration of metabolite), identifying an appropriate human P450 expressing model could provide a number of benefits. Such benefits include improved scientific relevance of the evaluation, decreased resource needs, and a possible reduction in the number of animals used. These benefits may ultimately improve the quality and speed by which promising new drug candidates are developed and delivered to patients.
174. Early adversity and inflammation in young adulthood

Early adversity has been associated with a variety of negative health outcomes in adulthood, and inflammatory processes are thought to play an important role in these effects. However, few studies have examined whether the effects of early adversity on inflammatory processes are evident early in life. Moreover, research to-date has largely relied on retrospective reports of early adversity. The current study sought to address these issues by examining the prospective effects of concurrent reports of early adversity before child age 5 on levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in young adulthood. Analyses utilized multiple time-points from a longitudinal study that followed 444 mother-child pairs from pregnancy to offspring age 25. Early adversity was measured using mothers’ reports of maternal mental health, family income, parental criminality, parental conflict, and parental discipline strategies at several timepoints before child age 5. Plasma CRP was measured at youth age 25. Overall levels of childhood adversity by age 5 predicted significantly higher CRP levels in young adulthood ( p p p
Effect of graded levels of parathyroid extract and calciferol upon thyroid hormone secretion rate (TSR) in normal female rats.

SummaryThe effect of graded doses of parathyroid extract and calciferol upon thyroxine secretion rate (TSR) of normal female rats was studied with the aid of radioactive iodine 131I. Administration of 20, 30, and 40 USP units of PTE/100 g of body wt/day for 14 days induced a significant (p<.025) increase in TSR of 25.4, 35.6, and 54.1%, respectively, over their own controls associated with slight increase in body weight. Administration of calciferol (Vit. D2) in doses of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mg/100 g of body wt induced a nonsignificant reduction in TSR of the first two groups (groups IV and V) but a significant 26.7% (p<.05) increase in TSR above their own control in group VI associated with loss of body weight of 14.2% when 0.2 mg calciferol/100 g of body wt was given daily for the same period. A nonsignificant increase in weight of ovaries, uteri, and a decrease of thymus glands with significant increase in thyroid and adrenal weights was noticed in the group treated with 0.2 mg of calciferol/100 g of bod...
Neolithic tombs in southwestern Sinai

Abstract In the southern part of the plain of El Qa' there is a group of previously unknown tombs, probably dating to within 500–600 years of 7000 BP. They are adjacent to a freshwater playa, and east of the first access to the Gulf of Suez south of Gebel Qabiliat. This paper describes the largest of the tombs, which was quite elaborate and included prestige grave-goods (turquoise).
Coccidiosis as a Stress Factor in the Development of Air Sac Disease

Abstract AIR sac disease (complicated CRD) is defined as the disease complex that occurs when Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection is complicated by secondary infections (ARS Bulletin 22–81, 1962). The role of viral infections in the development of complicated chronic respiratory disease, has been described by Van Roekel et al. (1957), Gross (1961a), and others. Wasserman et al. (1954) and Gross (1956 and Gross (1961b), have described the role of Escherichia coli in complicating CRD. Gross (1958), and Stephens and Bierer (1963) reported that pericarditis was not produced by administering pathogenic E. coli in the chicks’ drinking water and Sicardi and Pomeroy (1964), reported that chicks orally exposed to pathogenic strains of E. coli at any time after hatching developed no symptoms of E. coli infection even when stressed by restriction of feed and water. Yet, it has been stated (Anonymous, 1963) that the combination of PPLO and a virus can cause the rapid…