cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genomics and Its Application to Cardiovascular Disease

Genomics refers to the study or science of genomes, which contain all of the DNA that codes for an organism. Knowing the human genome has implications for biology and mankind that are unparalleled, in part because having such an abundance of information regarding the inner workings of humans is unprecedented. Because a genomic sequence is a blueprint of the biological activities of an organism, determining what regulates a genome has implications that stimulate the imagination. For example, there are probably only 200–300 genes that provide susceptibility for the 20 diseases that account for 80% of all deaths globally, and most of these genes will be identified in the next 5 years. The genomes and genes of the organisms Haemophilus influenzae and Treponema pallidum have been identified (1). These genes and their end products provide novel targets for the development of antibiotics and vaccines. The cloning of growth factors that selectively modulate cardiac myocyte growth or inhibit fibrosis is to be expected.
Crowdsourcing-based Spectrum Monitoring at A Large Geographical Scale

Spectrum monitoring is a powerful tool in dynamic spectrum access to help secondary users access the unused spectrum white space. The common approach for spectrum monitoring is to build infrastructures (e.g. spectrum observatories), which cost much money and manpower but have relatively low coverage. To aid in this, we propose a crowdsourcing based spectrum monitoring system for a large geographical area that leverages the power of masses of portable mobile devices. The system can accurately predict future spectrum utilization and intelligently schedule the spectrum monitoring tasks among mobile secondary users accordingly, so that the energy of mobile devices can be saved and more spectrum activities can be monitored. We also demonstrate our system’s ability to capture not only the existing spectrum access patterns but also the unknown patterns where no historical spectrum information exist. The experiment shows that our spectrum monitoring system can obtain a high spectrum monitoring coverage and low energy consumption.
Pain Control After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial Determining Efficacy of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Blocks in the Immediate Postoperative Period

Abstract Background The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to identify if a fascia iliaca block reduces postoperative pain and narcotic consumption and improves early functional outcomes in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed through the mini-posterior approach. Methods Patients were recruited from September 2017 to September 2019. Eligible patients received a primary THA using a mini-posterior approach with epidural anesthesia. Postoperatively, patients were randomized to receive a fascia iliaca compartment block or a placebo block. Numeric Rating Scale pain scores, narcotic consumption, and functional outcomes were recorded at regular intervals postoperatively. Results Upon study completion, 122 patients were available for final analysis. There was no difference in the average pain scores at any time interval between the placebo and block groups during the first 24 hours (P = .21-.99). There was no difference in the morphine equivalents consumed between the groups during any time interval postoperatively (P = .06-.95). Functional testing showed no difference in regards to distance walked during the first therapy session (67.1 vs 68.3 ft., P = .92) and timed-up-and-go testing (63.7 vs 66.3 seconds, P = .86). There was an increased incidence of quadriceps weakness in the block group (22% vs 0%, P = .004) requiring alterations in therapy protocols. Conclusion This randomized trial shows that a fascia iliaca compartment block does not improve functional performance and does not decrease pain levels or narcotic usage after mini-posterior THA, but does increase the risk of quadriceps weakness postoperatively. Based on these results we do not recommend routine fascia iliaca compartment blocks after THA performed with the mini-posterior approach.
Spondyloarthritis evolution: what is in your history?

Purpose of review This review encompasses a detailed history of spondyloarthritis (SpA) evolution as early as the 17th century, continues on to the current concept of SpA, and ends with current gaps in our understandings of SpA. Recent findings Until the early 1960s, ankylosing spondylitis and other SpA family members were considered to be variants of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The formal medical community separated them from RA at that time, and shortly thereafter they were recognized to be inter-connected based on shared clinical, laboratory, and imaging features. The last two decades have witnessed the formal distinction between axial and peripheral SpA and the connections that exist between nonradiographic and radiographic axial SpA. Recent studies have revealed different microbial compositions among patients with SpA and healthy controls and also between HLA-B27 positive and negative healthy individuals. Summary Further investigation of the roles of intestinal microbiome and physical force transduction toward SpA pathogenesis, strategies to improve delay in SpA diagnosis, biomarkers to better predict radiographic progression, and modification of current classification criteria to better address the axial and peripheral groups are gaps in our understandings that pose top priorities for SpA research.
Immediate Postoperative Radiation Therapy after Free Tissue Transfer for Keloid Treatment

Keloids present a challenging clinical problem due to their propensity for recurrence and need for adjuvant therapy. We present a case where a large keloid resection required free tissue transfer and immediate radiation therapy was employed 24 hours postoperatively. There were no significant issues with flap survival, wound healing, or recurrence 2 years postoperatively. This is the first case report of successful radiation treatment 1 day after reconstruction of the head and neck with a free flap. Laryngoscope, 131:E1818-E1820, 2021.
Cookstove implementation and education for sustainable development: A review of the field and proposed research agenda

Abstract This review offers a state of the field examination of cookstove implementation efforts with a focus on stakeholder engagement and persistently low rates of adoption. Literature from related fields, such as sanitation and public health, indicate that perspectives in sustainable energy are narrow, and point to a new approach for sustainable energy and development engagement, one that does not solely rely on overcoming habitualized behaviors of adult women. Should stakeholder perspectives be expanded, and coupled with partnerships that include local, youth-oriented educational institutions, better uptake of efficient cooking technologies may be realized. This paper argues that youth, current and future users of cookstoves, are systematically overlooked at all points along the cookstove value chain, and that their continued exclusion from implementation efforts is to the detriment of cookstove research and practice. This paper calls for their purposeful inclusion in development efforts through collaborations with Education for Sustainable Development providers whose work is complementary to the cookstove and sustainable development communities’ aims and aspirations. This represents a new line of research in sustainable household energy, one that includes a diversity of perspectives and the inclusion of all stakeholders.
Wireless Photonic Sensors with Flex Fan-Out Packaged Devices and Enhanced Power Telemetry

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate flex-embedded and surface-assembled photonic devices, inductive telemetry, and passive integration to form next-generation miniaturized biophotonic sensors. A hybrid combination of embedding and surface-assembled devices on flex is pursued to reduce the lateral and thickness dimensions of biophotonic systems. Embedding of premanufactured discrete passive devices is demonstrated by inserting in cavities, followed by printed fan-out connections to form the bridge connects between devices and other system components. Initial prototypes showed functional response to color shifts and reliability under bending loads on tissue phantoms. Measurements also confirmed responses to muscle activity as seen through changes in the backscattered light intensity during fist-closure with human subject hands. Initial bending test and reliability after water immersion indicate the stability of the chosen material systems towards flexible and wearable applications. This system concept can eventually be integrated with other system components such as RF transceivers for data telemetry, leading to completely autonomous wireless photosensors for wearable and implantable systems.
M-atmospherics: From the physical to the digital

Abstract This research draws on the stimulus-organism-response framework to explore how traditional, physical atmospheric variables relate to consumers’ internal value responses to the m-shopping experience. Further, this research exposes how fulfillment of consumers’ utilitarian and hedonic values relate to consumers’ experience of flow while shopping and their intentions to return to the m-shopping platform. Findings suggest the stimulus-organism-response framework provides a viable perspective on the design of mobile shopping experiences. Moreover, traditional atmospheric variables influence consumers’ shopping experiences in the mobile context. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.
Machine Learning Prediction of Liver Allograft Utilization From Deceased Organ Donors Using the National Donor Management Goals Registry.

Author(s): Bishara, Andrew M; Lituiev, Dmytro S; Adelmann, Dieter; Kothari, Rishi P; Malinoski, Darren J; Nudel, Jacob D; Sally, Mitchell B; Hirose, Ryutaro; Hadley, Dexter D; Niemann, Claus U | Abstract: Early prediction of whether a liver allograft will be utilized for transplantation may allow better resource deployment during donor management and improve organ allocation. The national donor management goals (DMG) registry contains critical care data collected during donor management. We developed a machine learning model to predict transplantation of a liver graft based on data from the DMG registry.MethodsSeveral machine learning classifiers were trained to predict transplantation of a liver graft. We utilized 127 variables available in the DMG dataset. We included data from potential deceased organ donors between April 2012 and January 2019. The outcome was defined as liver recovery for transplantation in the operating room. The prediction was made based on data available 12-18 h after the time of authorization for transplantation. The data were randomly separated into training (60%), validation (20%), and test sets (20%). We compared the performance of our models to the Liver Discard Risk Index.ResultsOf 13 629 donors in the dataset, 9255 (68%) livers were recovered and transplanted, 1519 recovered but used for research or discarded, 2855 were not recovered. The optimized gradient boosting machine classifier achieved an area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic of 0.84 on the test set, outperforming all other classifiers.ConclusionsThis model predicts successful liver recovery for transplantation in the operating room, using data available early during donor management. It performs favorably when compared to existing models. It may provide real-time decision support during organ donor management and transplant logistics.
Ocean Waves: The Stochastic Approach

This book describes the stochastic method for ocean wave analysis. This method provides a route to predicting the characteristics of random ocean waves - information vital for the design and safe operation of ships and ocean structures. Assuming a basic knowledge of probability theory, the book begins with a chapter describing the essential elements of wind-generated random seas from the stochastic point of view. The following three chapters introduce spectral analysis techniques, probabilistic predictions of wave amplitudes, wave height and periodicity. A further four chapters discuss sea severity, extreme sea state, the directional wave energy spreading in random seas and special wave events such as wave breaking and group phenomena. Finally the stochastic properties of non-Gaussian waves are presented. Useful appendices and an extensive reference list are included. Examples of practical applications of the theories presented can be found throughout the text. This book will be suitable as a text for graduate students of naval, ocean and coastal engineering. It will also serve as a useful reference for research scientists and engineers working in this field.
A Study of the Internal Friction Associated with Discontinuous Precipitation in Lead-Tin Alloys

Lead alloys containing up to 20 atomic percent (at%) tin were solution treated and then cooled through the solvus temperature while measuring the internal friction. At the start of the precipitation reaction the damping decreased as a result of β-tin (Sn) particles pinning grain boundaries. An internal friction peak was also observed and was found to be associated with the growth stage of the discontinuous precipitation reaction. Cooling rate and frequency dependence of the internal friction peak were observed to obey the previously proposed models for first-order phase transformations. Internal friction peak height increased as the cooling rate was increased and the frequency dependence indicated an inverse relationship with an exponent of 0.59, that is, f - 0 . 5 9 . The frequency dependence, with a slope greater than -1, supports the intergranular mode of discontinuous precipitation of β-Sn from α-lead (Pb) under our experimental conditions. The exact nature of the anelastic strain associated with the internal friction peak is yet unclear, but may be associated with a ledge-terrace mechanism for the cooperative growth of the β-Sn and α-Pb lamellae.
Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors

Primary central nervous system (CNS) germinoma is readily curable with relatively large volume/high dose radiotherapy but the late effects of treatment may alter neurocognitive functioning and quality of life. Prior studies have associated radiation therapy with deficits in the domains of intelligence, attention, memory, and psychomotor processing speed, with risk factors including young age at irradiation and increased irradiation volume and dosage level. Furthermore, cranial irradiation may also lead to diminished height, neuroendocrine dysfunction, and hearing loss.
Creating User Profiles Using Wikipedia

Creating user profiles is an important step in personalization. Many methods for user profile creation have been developed to date using different representations such as term vectors and concepts from an ontology like DMOZ. In this paper, we propose and evaluate different methods for creating user profiles using Wikipedia as the representation. The key idea in our approach is to map documents to Wikipedia concepts at different levels of resolution: words, key phrases, sentences, paragraphs, the document summary and the entire document itself. We suggest a method for evaluating profile recall by pooling the relevant results from the different methods and evaluate our results for both precision and recall. We also suggest a novel method for profile evaluation by assessing the recall over a known ontological profile drawn from DMOZ.
Approximate calculation of lifetimes of resonance states in the continuum from real stabilization graphs

Simons has previously derived a simple formula for the linewidth Γ of a resonance state in the continuum from real stabilization graphs under the assumption that the energy curves vary almost linearly near the points of avoided crossing. This formula is now rederived without this restricting assumption under the condition that Γ is still small.
Beyond the reference genome.

Both strands of a diploid genome can now be efficiently sequenced de novo, unlocking the diversity of the human gene pool.
MESFET Compatible IMSM Detectors

In order to be useful in high speed, gigabit/s, fiber optic communication receivers the photo-detector must not only be capable of very fast response but also must be capable of providing a close proximity, low capacitance connection to the input preamplifier in order to optimize electronic performance and minimize noise coupled from adjacent circuits.
Measurement of the rate constant for the quenching of I(2P12) by O2(X) at 150 K

Abstract Electronic energy transfer between I atoms and O2 molecules, O 2 ( a 1 Δ) + I ( 2 P 1 2 ) ↔ O 2 ( X 3 Σ − ) + I ( 2 P 1 2 ) , is a process of central importance in chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) systems. Rate constants for the forward and reverse steps are well defined for room temperature. However, supersonic COIL devices operate with local gas temperatures near 150 K. To facilitate modeling of these lasers, the rate constant for quenching of I ( 2 P 1 2 ) by O2(X) has been measured at a temperature of 150 K. The result obtained, kb = (4.6 ± 1.0) × 10−12 cm3 s−1, is appreciably smaller than the values used in current computational models.
Epidemiology of aging, dementia and age-related hearing loss

AbstractObjective: The aim of this work was to provide updated epidemiological data regarding the aging population, dementia and age related hearing loss. Study design: This was a review of available data. Results: Aging of the population has resulted in an important epidemiological transition, marked by a widespread increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases, including dementia, a disease with a devastating impact, for which currently there is no cure. In 2010 there were 35.6 million people with dementia worldwide and it is estimated that 48.1 million persons will be affected with dementia in 2020, and 90.3 million in 2040. It is therefore essential to identify known risk factors and to look for new ones, in order to be able to act quickly and effectively on those modifiable. Age related hearing loss or presbyacusis, an extremely common condition among aged individuals, is one of several factors that certainly plays an important role in increasing the risk of cognitive deficit and of developing demen...
A BiCMOS fully-differential 10-bit 40 MHz pipelined ADC

A BiCMOS fully-differential, 10-bit, 40 MHz pipelined ADC has been developed. The ADC can digitize not only a fully-differential but also a single-ended signal over a wide input range with little variation in performance. At f/sub s/=40 MHz, the ADC exhibits a signal-to-(noise+distortion) ratio (SNDR) of 57.1 dB and consumes <400 mW from a single 5-V supply.
Modernism and the Grounds of Law

Modernism and the Grounds of Law Peter Fitzpatrick (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001)
Abnormal EEG Slow Activity in Left Temporal Areas in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Resting 32-channel topographical measures of EEG slow activity were compared in 12 elderly controls and 12 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. The patients had higher amplitude delta and theta than controls, especially in the left temporal regions. This greater amount of low frequency EEG activity in the left temporal area is consistent with recent EEG, neuropsychological assessment, and positron emission tomography findings in SDAT patients. Five patients with mild-to-moderate dementia (as determined by the Folstein Mini-Mental State scale) primarily exhibited focal, abnormal slow activity in the left temporal regions. Seven patients with severe dementia exhibited increased slow activity across the head, which was still most abnormal in the left temporal regions.
Analysis of Transient Conjugate Heat Transfer From a Hemispherical Plate During Liquid Jet Impingement

Transient heating of a hemispherical solid plate of finite thickness during impingement of a free liquid jet is studied. A constant heat flux is imposed at the inner surface of the hemispherical plate at t = 0 and heat transfer is monitored for the entire duration of the transient until a steady state condition is reached. Calculations are done for Re = 500–1500 and b/dn = 0.083–1.5 using water (H2 O) as the coolant and various solid materials such as silicon, Constantan, and copper. It was found that the time for the plate to achieve the steady-state condition decreases and Nusselt number increases with Reynolds number. A plate material with higher thickness provides higher average Nusselt number and longer transient period.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Influence of Monomer Structure and Interaction Asymmetries on the Miscibility and Interfacial Properties of Polyolefin Blends

The lattice cluster theory (LCT) is used to study the influence of structural and energetic asymmetries on the miscibilities of binary polyolefin blends. The theory describes monomer molecular structures by using a united atom model for the polyolefins, where each CHn united atom group occupies a single lattice site and where, for simplicity, both species in each blend are taken to have the same number (M) of carbons. In order to isolate the contributions from structural asymmetries, the phase diagrams are first computed for a simplified model in which all CHn united atom groups interact with the same microscopic energy (), a model for which Flory-Huggins theory would predict complete miscibility. The ratio of the calculated critical temperature (Tc) to the number (M) of carbon atoms per chain correlates very well with a blend topological index (r) defined in terms of the fractions of tri- and tetrafunctional carbon atoms in the chains. The presence of tetrafunctional carbons is directly responsible for the failure of an older rule of thumb for predicting blend miscibilities on the basis of the disparity in ratios of the numbers of end to interior (or total) carbon atoms per chain of the two blend components. Introducing energetic asymmetries into the LCT united atom model leads to a rich variety of phase behavior (with upper or lower critical temperatures, or even with both lying in an experimentally accessible range). The LCT computations display the same strong sensitivity of phase diagrams to small changes in the microscopic interaction energies as would arise from the Flory-Huggins theory. Computations of coexistence curves are used in conjunction with a recent compressible theory of interfacial properties to examine the influence of monomer structural asymmetries on the interfacial profiles, widths, and tensions in phase-separated polyolefin blends.
On sound generated by gas-jet impingement on a bubbly gas–water interface, with application to supercavity self-noise

Abstract An analysis is made of the sound produced when a high speed turbulent gas jet impinges at normal incidence on a planar gas–water interface in the presence of a uniform, thin homogeneous bubble layer between the gas and the water. It is shown that the bubble layer exhibits a behaviour similar to a ‘quarter-wave’ resonator, storing energy supplied by gas impingement which is subsequently released as high amplitude sound into the water. In the absence of bubbles the radiation into the water has dipole characteristics, peaking strongly in the direction normal to the interface. The bubbles diffuse this sharp dipole lobe, and are predicted to increase the sound power in the water by up to 10 dB or more over a range of intermediate frequencies when the layer properties are similar to those encountered in experiments using a model scale supercavitating vehicle. At higher frequencies, in the range important for vehicle guidance and control, the bubble layer tends to reduce this source of self-noise. The same mechanism of resonant amplification should be effective more generally, when the bubbles lie within a more confined surface envelope, such as the surface ‘wake’ of the jet impact zone, whose shape defines a different set of interior eigenmodes.
Combined effect of catheter and tubing size on fluid flow

Abstract Several studies have evaluated the effect of large-bore tubing and various intravenous (IV) catheters on rapid fluid resuscitation. This study combines available equipment, which has been demonstrated to increase IV flow rate, into a system. This system is then compared with one commonly used for IV fluid infusion in hypovolemic patients. The new system requires significantly less ( P
Flodar: flow visualization of network traffic

The author and his colleagues at the National Security Agency designed an application called Flodar (short for Flow Radar) that monitors the flow of network traffic. The techniques and visuals used in Flodar can apply to a variety of applications. While many flow visualizations concentrate on the path of network traffic, this system monitors the status of individual servers within the system. In their particular system, they need to monitor two types of servers: those that send information at semi-regular intervals and those that receive this information and store it temporarily, waiting for users to read or process the information within a certain time. They are not as concerned with the path the data takes to get from the sending server to the storage server. They are more concerned with ensuring the sender transmits regularly and that the information on the storage server is processed before being overwritten. Therefore, monitoring the system's timeliness remains the primary objective for Flodar.
Practical model for compressive cake filtration including fine particle invasion

Practical and improved ordinary differential models for compressible filter cake buildup involving small particle invasion and deposition inside the cake at static and dynamic conditions are developed by averaging particle and carrier fluid transport equations over the filter cake thickness. The models are simplified by considering that the particles and carrier fluids involving many practical applications are incompressible. The results of radial and linear filtration cases are compared for constant rate and constant pressure drive filtrations. This thickness-averaged ordinary differential model reproduces the predictions of the Tien et al. (1997) partial differential model rapidly with less computational effort. Parametric studies indicate that the particle screening efficiency of the filter is an important factor on the filter cake properties and filtration rate, and differences between linear and radial cake filtration performances are more pronounced, and the cake thickness and filtrate volume are smaller for constant pressure filtration than constant rate filtration. The equations of the thickness-averaged linear and radial filter cake formation models are simple requiring less computational effort over the reported partial differential models for the analysis, design and optimization of the industrial cake filtration processes involving plate and drum filters.
The magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of matrix-isolated TaO

TaO has been matrix-isolated in an argon matrix at 14 K and 24 K and studied spectroscopically in the visible region (300–850 nm). Both adsorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra have been recorded and analyzed. A determination of the total angular momentum quantum numbers (ω) for fourteen excited electronic states has been made. The g factors for the ground 2Δ32 and excited 2φ52 states have been determined from a moment analysis of the MCD and absorption spectra of the 450.3 nm band. The present study indicates the power of the combination of magnetic circular dichroism and matrix isolation for the assignment of excited electronic states of high temperature molecules.
A conceptual framework for maize leaf development

What is and is not known about the maize leaf is reviewed. Analysis of genetic mosaics and direct observation with the SEM have broken leaf development into three distinct phases: recruitment of cells within the meristem, cell division into the 0.6-mm tall primordium, and postprimordial division and differentiation into the mature leaf. New data are presented that imply that cell division rates in the leaf are coordinated by inductive signals from the internal cells. Leaf cells that tend to divide more are held in check by slower growing neighbors; this complicates the search for developmental compartments. Experiments with recessive mutants that remove the ligule and auricle have been important in identifying an inducer signal with the specific meaning "make ligule-auricle." We have studied many dominant mutant alleles at seven different genes. Each mutant alters the position of the ligule boundary. We conclude the following. First, the mutants act in particular domains of the primordium. Second, the dominant mutants all move the ligule boundary in the same direction. Third, the mutants all retard developmental stage transitions. Fourth, three and probably four of the seven genes for which dominant mutants have been studied specify homeodomain proteins in the wrong place. The concept of "maturation schedule" is used to explain these data. All of the dominant mutant phenotypes are seen as consequences of immature cells being in the wrong place when inductive signals pass through the leaf. Several specific questions of leaf development and especially questions as to source of inductive signals or homologies among juvenile and adult organ parts are recast in light of this "maturation schedule" hypothesis.
Bradycardia-dependent bundle-branch block. A critique and proposed criteria.

Four cases of bundle-branch block (BBB) occurring with slow heart rates in patients with heart disease are presented. Recognition of bradycardia-dependent BBB is often difficult, and its differentiation from ventricular escape mechanism and from bilateral BBB requires careful analysis. A set of five criteria based on our own observations is presented with a review of the literature. The responsible mechanism for this seemingly paradoxical situation is not known. However, spontaneous depolarization of one or the other of the bundle branches in late stages of diastole appears to be the most plausible explanation.
DNA polymorphism of immunoglobulin kappa confers risk of rheumatoid arthritis

To examine the hypothesis that a hereditary factor linked to the immunoglobulin kappa constant segment (C kappa) contributes to risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), white persons with RA were examined for Sac I restriction site polymorphisms. RA patients were more likely to have the 5/5-kb C kappa genotype than white control subjects (relative risk 2.8, P less than 0.02). A subgroup of RA patients who were positive for serum rheumatoid factor had a relative risk of 2.4 (P less than 0.05). The subgroup without serum rheumatoid factor had an even higher relative risk of 9.7 (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that immunoglobulin kappa is an important component in the genetic predisposition toward RA.
1,5-α-d-Mannoseptanosides, Ring-Size Isomers That Are Impervious to α-Mannosidase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

1,5-d-Mannoseptanosyl di- and trisaccharide ring-size isomers of the corresponding mannopyranosyl oligosaccharides have been prepared. Remarkably, these compounds show no inhibition of the α-mannosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-α-d-mannopyranoside.
Indirect Three level Matrix Converter

An indirect capacitor clamped multi-level matrix converter has been proposed in this paper. In comparison to the conventional matrix converter the proposed converter makes available half line voltages in addition to the line voltages at the converter output. This increased level comes at the cost of additional bi-directional switches and clamp capacitor. Indirect space vector modulation scheme, for synthesizing the required input current and the output voltage while balancing the clamp capacitor voltage, is presented. This converter offers reduced THD and lower switching stress compared to conventional matrix converter. The effectiveness of the proposed converter has been verified by means of simulation.
Reduced crustal magnetization beneath Relict Hydrothermal Mounds: TAG Hydrothermal Field, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, 26°N

Submersible magnetic profiles over the MIR and ALVIN relict hydrothermal zones of the TAG hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 26°N show magnetic anomalies that are consistent with the presence of reduced crustal magnetization. These magnetic anomalies are similar to the anomaly found associated with the TAG active sulfide mound and suggests that hydrothermal alteration rather than thermal demagnetization is responsible for these reduced magnetization zones. Magnetic field mapping thus can be useful in determining the subsurface extent of upflow zones and alteration pipes of midocean ridge hydrothermal systems.
Thinned arrays for ground penetrating imaging radar

In this paper, the effects of receive antenna placement on image formation in a surface contact synthetic aperture radar are investigated from an experimental perspective via the analysis of high frequency ground penetrating radar data. A receive array containing 121 measurements is used to form a baseline image of subsurface features including horizontal tunnels or drifts to depths approaching 200 feet. This result is compared to images formed using far fewer spatial measurements (as few as 37 samples out of 121 measurements available) collected randomly from throughout the same field of view.
Biological and Immunological Activity of a Thyrocalcitonin Produced by the Solid-Phase Method of Peptide Synthesis

We have used a modified solidphase method! of peptide synthesis to prepare a thyrocalcitonin closely resembling the pure human hormone in its chemical and chromatographic properties. The partially purified solid phase product had a specific biological activity of approximately 25 MRC U/mg of peptide when assayed by the sc or iv route in young rats against pure human MRC standard thyrocalcitonin (assigned potency, 100 MRC U/mg). The solid—phase product was immunologically equivalent to pure synthetic human standard thyrocalcitonin when the two were compared using two different antisera and using either synthetic standard hormone or the solid—phase product as the radiolabeled antigen. One antiserum had been elicited by immunizing guinea pigs with the solid—phase peptide and the other antiserum by immunizing with the standard. Solid—phase synthesis may offer a convenient means of obtaining calcitonins of specified amino acid sequence for immunological and biological studies.(Endocrinology 92: 1780, 1973)
Licular growth, estrus and pregnancy after fixed-time insemination in beef cows treated with intravaginal progesterone inserts and estradiol benzoate

Abstract An experiment was performed to compare the effects of 3 short-term treatments with progesterone and estradiol benzoate (EB) on follicular growth, synchrony of estrus and pregnancy rate after fixed-time insemination in lactating postpartum beef cows. In Treatment 1 (n = 46), each cow received a progesterone-containing intravaginal insert for 7 d with injection of EB (2 mg, im) at the time of device insertion. In Treatment 2 (n = 46), the insert was used for only 5 d with injection of EB (2 mg, im) at the time of insertion. Cows in Treatment 3 (n = 47) received an insert for 5 d with no EB at the time of insertion. Each cow in the 3 groups received PGF 2 α (25 mg, im) at the time of insert removal, followed by EB (1 mg, im) 30 h later. The cows were then inseminated 28 to 30 h after treatment with EB (58 to 60 h after insert removal). Treatment with 2 mg EB terminated the growth of the largest ovarian follicle (>5 mm in diameter) at device insertion in 16716 and 14/15 cows in Treatments 1 and 2, respectively. Estrus was detected within an 8-h target period (48 to 56 h after insert removal) in 93, 87 and 81% of cows in Treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P > 0.05). Pregnancy rates at 39 d post insemination were 60, 50 and 51% for Treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P > 0.05). The pregnancy rates did not differ between cows that were anovulatory or those that had ovulated before the initiation of treatments (54%), or among cows that were 28 to 40, 41 to 60 or >60 days post partum at insemination (43, 59 and 54%, respectively). Treatment with progesterone inserts for 5 or 7 d, PGF 2 α at the time of insert removal and 1 mg EB 30 h later induced the high degree of synchrony of estrus and ovulation necessary for fixed-time insemination.
Vacuum mechatronic laser alignment system on the NOVA laser

The experiments conducted on NOVA are done to investigate inertially confined laser fusion reactions. To this end, the ten beams of the laser are aligned to within 30 mu m. The target chamber employs a vacuum mechatronic based reticle/target positioning system to accomplish this. It is a five degree-of-freedom chamber resident system, known as the Alignment Aids Positioner (AAP). The AAP aids in beam and diagnostic alignment by accurately positioning a reticle at the target chamber center within 7 mu m. The AAP system increases target positioning and alignment flexibility and accuracy through the use of a computer-controlled multi-degree-of-freedom stage assembly. The AAP has two positioning regimes to move the alignment reticle and do beam alignment. One is coarse positioning in the Y-Z plane that moves a high-resolution stage assembly to target chamber center. The other regime is high-resolution movement in the X, Y, Z and theta directions. >
Using Rangelands on the Web as a Teaching Resource

D o your students go to Wikipedia for their refer- ence material? Do they know where the library is and how to use it? Do they do general search- es of the internet and spew forth whatever they nd as facts? Do you wish there were better sources of infor- mation on rangelands to which you could direct them? We might just have a solution for you! DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v34i3_tanaka
Hybridization Promotes Evolvability in African Cichlids: Connections Between Transgressive Segregation and Phenotypic Integration

Hybridization is a potential source of novel variation through (1) transgressive segregation, and (2) changes in the patterns and strength of phenotypic integration. We investigated the capacity of hybridization to generate novel phenotypic variation in African cichlids by examining a large F2 population generated by hybridizing two Lake Malawi cichlid species with differently shaped heads. Our morphometric analysis focused on the lateral and ventral views of the head. While the lateral view exhibited marked transgressive segregation, the ventral view showed a limited ability for transgression, indicating a difference in the genetic architecture and selective history between alternate views of the head. Moreover, hybrids showed a marked reduction in integration, with a lower degree of integration observed in transgressive individuals. In all, these data offer novel insights into how hybridization can promote evolvability, and provide a possible explanation for how broad phenotypic diversity may be achieved in rapidly evolving groups.
YopD and LcrH Regulate Expression of Yersinia enterocolitica YopQ by a Posttranscriptional Mechanism and Bind to yopQ RNA

Pathogenic yersiniae secrete 14 Yop proteins via the type III pathway. Synthesis of YopQ occurs when the type III machinery is activated by a low-calcium signal, but not when the calcium concentration is above 100 μM. To characterize the mechanism that regulates the expression of yopQ, mutants that permit synthesis of YopQ in the presence of calcium were isolated. Yersiniae bearing deletion mutations in yopN, tyeA, sycN, or yscB synthesized and secreted YopQ in both the presence and the absence of calcium. In contrast, yersiniae with a deletion in yopD or lcrH synthesized YopQ in the presence of calcium but did not secrete the polypeptide. These variants displayed no defect in YopQ secretion under low-calcium conditions, revealing that yopD and lcrH are required for the regulation of yopQ expression. Experiments with transcriptional and translational fusions to the npt reporter gene suggest that yopD and lcrH regulate yopQ expression at a posttranscriptional step. YopD and LcrH form a complex in the bacterial cytosol and bind yopQ mRNA. Models that can account for posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms of yop expression are discussed.
Pituitary duplication and nasopharyngeal teratoma in a newborn: CT, MRI, US and correlative histopathological findings

The computed tomography and MRI imaging findings in a case of pituitary duplication and epipharyngeal teratoma are described in a newborn baby girl with respiratory difficulties. Associated skull base and central nervous system malformations are presented. Teratoma diagnosis was confirmed by histology. The embryological pathogenesis is discussed.
Crystal structures of two different cobalt(III) complexes with di-2-pyridyl ketone grown from methanol-bis-(methoxy-bis(2-pyridyl)methanolato-O,N,N′)-cobalt(III) nitrate trihydrate and (hydroxy-bis(2-pyridyl)methanolato-O,N,N′)-(methoxy-bis(2-pyridyl)methanolato-O,N,N′)-cobalt(III) nitrate trihydrate

Abstract The reaction of [Co(NH 3 ) 4 CO 3 ]NO 3 and di-2-pyridyl ketone (dpk) in methanol yielded two products—red plates of bis-(methoxy-bis(2-pyridyl)methanolato- O , N , N ′)-cobalt(III) nitrate trihydrate and red parallelepipeds of (hydroxy-bis(2-pyridyl)methanolato- O , N , N ′)-(methoxy-bis(2-pyridyl)methanolato- O , N , N ′)-cobalt(III) nitrate trihydrate. In both complexes, the methanol solvated di-2-pyridyl ketone ligand binds through both pyridyl nitrogens and deprotonated hydroxy oxygens—making these complexes the first non-cluster compounds to bind in this fashion with methanol solvate dpk. The production of parallelpipped crystals of the second compound after redissolving plate crystals of I suggests that the [Co(pdk-CH 3 O)] 2 + cation undergoes substitution of a hydroxyl group for methoxy group when there is an introduction of trace water into the system.
WE‐D‐224C‐02: High Dose Rate Mode Linear Accelerator Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Image Guided Radiation Therapy

Introduction: In order to improve the standard linear accelerator's ability to address the demands of intracranial and extracranial stereotactic radiosurgery as well as for image‐guided and intensity modulated radiotherapy, a high dose rate output accelerator was developed. The objective of this study was to assess the device performance and compare it to standard accelerators. Materials and Methods: The 6 MV x‐ray beam of a Siemens Oncor linac was modified by removing the flattening filter, enabling dose rates to reach 1000 MU per minute. Ion chambers, diodes, and film dosimeters were used to assess monitor chamber behavior, energy, and dose profile characteristics. Treatment time required for radiosurgerytreatments in 40 patients was measured. Results: Even at this high dose rate, the linacdosimetry system remains robust; constancy, linearity, and beam energy remain within 1% for 3 to 1000 MU. Measurements at incrementally reduced dose rates (1000 to 300 in 100 MU increments) showed the output calibration to fall from 1.000 cGy/MU to 0.994 cGy/MU, with an average value of 0.997 cGy/MU. Over this range of dose rates the beam energy held consistent, with the ratio of percent depth dose values within 0.5%. Dose profiles for larger field sizes are not flat, but they are radially symmetric and as such able to be modeled by a treatment planning system. Radiosurgerytreatment times, computed here as the beginning of x‐ray delivery until the end of treatment, were reduced to an average of 2 minutes and 18 seconds per arc, or 11 minutes 27 seconds per isocenter. Conclusions: Even at this high dose rate, the linacdosimetry system remains robust. Because stereotactic IGRT can require significantly longer times for treatment delivery, the advantages of the high dose rate design should be pursued.
Effects of movement speed and joint position on knee flexor torque in healthy and post-surgical subjects.

Coactivation of knee flexors during knee extension assists in joint stability by exerting an opposing torque to the anterior tibial displacement induced by the quadriceps. This opposing torque is believed to be generated by eccentric muscle actions that stiffen the knee, thereby attenuating strain to joint ligaments, particularly the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, as the lengths of knee muscles vary with changes in joint position, the magnitude of flexor/extensor muscle force coupling may likewise vary, possibly affecting the capacity for active knee stabilization. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of changes in movement speed and joint position on eccentric/concentric muscle action relationships in the knees of uninjured (UNI) and post-ACL-surgery (INJ) subjects (n = 14). All subjects were tested for maximum eccentric and concentric torque of the contralateral knee flexors and extensor muscles at four isokinetic speeds (15°–60° · s−1) and four joint position intervals (20°–60° of knee flexion). Eccentric flexor torque was normalized to the percentage of concentric flexor torque generated at each joint position interval for each speed tested (flexor E-C ratio). In order to estimate the capacity of the knee flexors to resist active knee extension, the eccentric-flexor/concentric-extensor ratios were also computed for each joint position interval and speed (flexor/extensor E-C ratio). The results revealed that eccentric torque surpassed concentric torque by 3%–144% across movement speeds and joint position intervals. The magnitude of the flexor E-C ratio and flexor/extensor E-C increased significantly with speed in both groups of subjects (P < 0.05) and tended to rise with muscle length as the knee was extended; peak values were generated at the most extended joint position (20°–30°). Although torque development patterns were symmetrical between the contralateral limbs in both groups, between-group comparisons revealed significantly higher flexor/extensor E-C ratios for the INJ group compared to the UNI group (P < 0.05), particularly at the fastest speed tested (60° · s−1). The results indicate that joint position and movement speed influence the eccentric/concentric relationships of knee flexors and extensors. The INJ subjects appeared to accommodate to surgery by developing the eccentric function of their ACL and normal knee flexors, particularly at higher speeds and at more extended knee joint positions. This may assist in the dynamic stabilization of the knee at positions where ACL grafts have been reported to be most vulnerable to strain.
MPTP lesions and dopaminergic drugs alter eye blink rate in African green monkeys

Eye blink rates were studied in African green monkeys following relatively specific destruction of substantia nigra and its dopamine projections with the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Monkeys treated with MPTP had a significantly lower blink rate than controls over a period from two to five and a half months after treatment. Furthermore, the degree of parkinsonism expressed in treated animals was inversely correlated with blink rate. Pharmacologic studies further supported the role of dopamine receptors in the regulation of blink rate. PHNO (4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphoxazine), a potent and highly specific D2 agonist, effective in alleviating parkinsonism, caused a significant transient increase in blink rate, while sulpiride, a D2 antagonist, caused a decrease and blocked the effect of PHNO. Apomorphine and haloperidol, although less specific, had potent and predictable effects based on their interactions with dopamine systems. Blink rate may provide a nonintrusive measure of central dopamine activity that would help to evaluate the progress of Parkinson's disease or treatments which attempt to restore dopamine function.