cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dehydration reaction of titanoclinohumite: Reconnaissance to 30 kilobars

Natural titanoclinohumite was reacted in Pt capsules, using open air furnaces, hydrothermal and piston-cylinder apparatus. The reaction was not reversed, nor was it defined in terms of mineral products. Dehydration begins with the formation of forsterite at 950°C at 1 atm., 1150°C at 10 kbar, 1190°C at 20 kbar, and 1170°C at 30 kbar. Therefore, titanoclinohumite can exist as a hydrous mineral in the upper mantle. The reconnaissance results are consistent with the conclusion that titanoclinohumite coexisted with chrome-pyrope and olivine at the mantle source of the Moses Rock kimberlite; they make it unlikely that titanoclinohumite supplied water for the emplacement and eruption of the Moses Rock kimberlite through dehydration above 150 km but they do not preclude the possibility at greater depths.
Gas chromatographic measurement of hydrogen, methane, and neon in air

Abstract A gas chromatographic method for methane and hydrogen analysis using a 5A molecular sieve column and a radio frequency discharge glow detector is described. The method allows the detection of 0.003 p.p.m. H2, 0.02 p.p.m. CH4, and 0.4 p.p.m. Ne in an air sample of 5 cc. With repeated comparison to a standard the accuracy for natural concentrations of these gases in the troposphere is ±3%.
Maximizing Learning Efficiency in Later Adulthood: A Cognitive Problem-Solving Approach.

An age‐related decline in performance is typically observed in research on tasks that rely on cognitive processing. However, such declines must not be accepted as indisputable evidence that the learning efficiency of older adults is necessarily impaired. Cognitive factors such as a production deficiency in long‐term memory and/or a retrieval deficiency do operate to depress the performance of older adults. However, a number of noncognitive factors such as functional and pathological sensory deficits, psychomotor slowing, poor physical and mental health, and insufficient or excessively high motivation also mitigate against optimal performance in the aged. The learning efficiency of the aged may be improved through the use of teaching and learning techniques designed to compensate for the negative effects of both detrimental cognitive and noncognitive factors.
Consequences of the Maxwell relation for anti-plane shear deformations of an elastic solid

Previous numerical work has predicted chaotic distributions of phases in certain deformations of an elastic solid whose stress-strain relation in simple shear is nonmonotone. The present work provides an interpretation of these results making use of elastic stability considerations. For a specific material, a conformal mapping technique is shown to generate the totality of all deformations satisfying the Maxwell relation. It is shown that some boundary value problems have no solutions which obey the Maxwell relation. Such problems may have associated with them an infinite sequence of deformations (corresponding to a minimizing sequence in variational calculus) which satisfies the Maxwell relation in the sense of a limit. The properties of such sequences are examined in detail, and it is shown that the chaotic numerical solutions may be interpreted as terms in this sequence.
Analytical solution for micropile design under tension and compression

Micropiles are being increasingly utilized in foundation rehabilitation and seismic retrofitting projects. The function of the micropiles in these projects is to enhance the foundation ultimate capacity as well as reduce foundation deflection. This paper focuses on an analytical model for micropile load-displacement behavior subjected to compressive as well as tensile loading. The soil-micropile interaction is considered explicitly in the model development. Furthermore, to keep the model simple and accessible to designers, the micropile-soil interface is assumed to be linearly elastic-perfectly plastic and homogeneous with depth. Closed form expressions of micropile deformation as a function of applied load are presented. These expressions are used to study the effect of model parameters on micropile yield behavior. Micropile strain distribution and the load transfer behavior calculated by the model are discussed. The model calculations are compared with the field measured load-displacement curves. The measured micropile load-displacement data available in the literature are analyzed to evaluate the model parameters.
Pipelined lattice digital filters utilizing asymmetrical look-ahead

Chung and Parhi (1994) introduced a simple design scheme for obtaining the k-parameters of pipelined lattice IIR digital filters utilizing the scattered look-ahead technique. The present authors show that this method actually requires double the delay suggested in order to accommodate the required delay compensation within lattice feedback loops. They propose a pipelined minimum-multiplier lattice digital filter design method which utilizes asymmetrically scattered look-ahead as in the minimum denominator multiplier technique for direct form structures. A search algorithm selects coefficients for a pre-specified frequency response, as in scattered look-ahead. The result are digital filters with lower order, and thus fewer latches and multipliers. This method does not require pole-zero cancellation, since all pipelined poles contribute to the desired response. As was the case for direct form structures, this minimum-multiplier approach of utilizing asymmetrically scattered look-ahead is demonstrated to be superior to the stricter sub-case of the scattered look-ahead technique.
Detection of recent myocardial ischaemia by molecular imaging of P-selectin with targeted contrast echocardiography

Aims We hypothesized that molecular imaging of endothelial P-selectin expression with targeted myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) could identify recently ischaemic myocardium without infarction. Methods and results The microvascular behaviour of P-selectin-targeted (MBp) and control (MBc) microbubbles was assessed by intravital microscopy of the cremaster muscle in mice. Targeted MCE imaging with MBp and MBc was performed in mice after brief left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion and reperfusion and in open- and closed-chest controls. Regional wall motion and perfusion by MCE were assessed during occlusion and after reperfusion. On intravital microscopy, ischaemia–reperfusion produced a 10-fold increase (P , 0.01) in venular attachment for MBp. Attachment for MBc was rare. With myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion, LAD occlusion produced hypoperfusion and wall motion abnormalities that resolved after 45 min of reperfusion. At 45 min, signal enhancement in the post-ischaemic region was four-fold greater (P , 0.05) for MBp vs. MBc .M B p produced low-level enhancement in non-ischaemic myocardium in all open-chest animals, suggesting P-selectin expression from surgical cardiac exposure. Conclusion Molecular imaging of P-selectin with targeted MCE can identify the presence of recently ischaemic myocardium in the absence of necrosis and after resolution of hypoperfusion and post-ischaemic stunning. This technique can potentially provide a method for risk stratifying patients with acute chest pain.
Freeze‐dried turkey muscle I.—Changes in nitrogenous compounds and lipids of dehydrated turkey during storage

Changes in proteins and lipids were followed during the storage of freeze-dried turkey breast muscle in air and in nitrogen. Oxidation of sulphydryl groups accounted for part of the oxygen uptake of air-stored samples, and was accompanied by a decrease in soluble nitrogen greater than in controls stored in nitrogen. The major deteriorative process at low moisture content was a type of ‘lipid’ browning reaction which was dependent on oxygen and caused discoloration and objectionable odours. Autoxidation of lipids catalysed by haem pigments and resulting in rancid flavours was not a major deteriorative process in freeze-dried turkey muscle. Lipid hydrolysis occurred at water contents of 8·2 and 5·4% but not at 0·8%.
A micro strain gauge with mechanical amplifier

A passive micro strain gauge with a mechanical amplifier has been designed, analyzed, and tested. The mechanical amplifier provides a high gain such that residual strain in thin films can be directly measured under an optical microscope. This strain gauge can be in situ fabricated with active micro sensors or actuators for monitoring residual strain effects, and both tensile and compressive residual strains can be measured via the strain gauge. It is shown that a very fine resolution of 0.001% strain readouts can be achieved for a micro strain gauge with a 500 /spl mu/m-long indicator beam. Beam theories have been used to analyze the strain gauge with a mechanical amplifier, and the results were verified by a finite-element analysis. Experimental measurements of both polysilicon and silicon-riched silicon-nitride thin films fabricated by surface micromachining processes are presented.
Current Concepts of the Vestibular System Reviewed: 2. Visual/Vestibular Interaction and Spatial Orientation

The vestibular system contributes to the generation of conjugate eye movements, spatial orientation, and postural control. The functional connections of the vestibular end-organs and of the descending vestibulospinal pathways and their importance to postural control were reviewed in the previous paper by Keshner and Cohen (pp. 320-330). This paper reviews the ascending vestibular pathways, the visual/vestibular interactions, and the role of the vestibular system in oculomotor control and spatial orientation.
Unrolling a Narrative Scroll: Artistic Practice and Identity in Late-Nineteenth-Century Bengal

Two and a half thousand years ago, long before Lakshman Sena ruled Bengal, there was a monster who came out of its cave every night and ate people. The people could not kill him because they feared him so much. They finally put a plan together and made a mirror. When the monster came out that night and saw his reflection, he was so startled to see another creature as big and powerful as himself that he lashed out at the mirror, shattering the glass. But, each broken piece reflected himself back at him. As he turned, these creatures seemed to surround him. He felt they had multiplied. So in his fear and rage, he hit his head and wept himself to death. The people came back the next morning and saw the splintered glass and the dead monster. Now, how to tell all the other villages the news that they could live without fear? So, the same man who had come up with the scheme to kill the monster was asked to devise a second plan. A big leaf was used to paint the picture of the monster. This image was circulated from village to village, and the man was packed off to tell the story. Wherever he told the tale, they gave him rice and, of course, food to eat. Soon it transformed his livelihood. He no longer cultivated land. Then they wanted new stories, so he went to the Ramayana and Mahabharata and added songs to storytelling and pictures on cloth.
Did Growing Up in the 1960s Leave a Permanent Mark on Attitudes and Values?Evidence from the General Social Survey

This paper explores the tree ring hypothesis that reaching young adulthood during certain historical periods raises or lowers attitudes above and beyond the contribution of demographic variables and long-term cohort trends. It examines the deviations from long-term, linear, cohort trends for twenty-eight National Opinion Research Center (NORC) General Social Survey (GSS) attitude items in birth cohorts reaching age 16 in the 1950s, 1960s, and post-1960s. Long-term cohort trends are estimated from regressions of attitudes on cohorts reaching age 16 from 1917 to 1950 (net of year and five demographics). Popular impressions are supported in that rings (residuals) are more liberal for Americans reaching age 16 in the 1960s. However, those reaching age 16 in the 1950s are more liberal than their immediate predecessors, not more conservative. Furthermore, the three periods are not strikingly distinctive as the items showing positive rings tend to be the same in each period.
Strain differences in shuttle avoidance conditioning in the rat

Conditioned Responses in A Shuttle Avoidance Apparatus Were Measured For 480 Rats From 12 inbred Strains: Aci, A990, A35322, F344, inr, Ir, Mnr/Har, Mnra, Mr/Har, Ts1, Ts3, Wag. The Results Provide Parametric Data For Methodological Use And Add To The Standardization Of These Strains As Behaviorally Defined Lines. Differences From Previously Reported Data Are Discussed.
EXMOTIF: efficient structured motif extraction.

Extracting motifs from sequences is a mainstay of bioinformatics. We look at the problem of mining structured motifs, which allow variable length gaps between simple motif components. We propose an efficient algorithm, called EXMOTIF, that given some sequence(s), and a structured motif template, extracts all frequent structured motifs that have quorum q. Potential applications of our method include the extraction of single/composite regulatory binding sites in DNA sequences. EXMOTIF is efficient in terms of both time and space and is shown empirically to outperform RISO, a state-of-the-art algorithm. It is also successful in finding potential single/composite transcription factor binding sites. EXMOTIF is a useful and efficient tool in discovering structured motifs, especially in DNA sequences. The algorithm is available as open-source at: http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~zaki/software/exMotif/ .
Three-Fifths a Racist: A Typology for Analyzing Public Opinion About Race

Is race politics primarily about symbolic racism, principled conservatism, or group conflict? After almost three decades, this debate among some of our best scholars seems scarcely closer to resolution, yet the theoretical, empirical, and normative issues at stake remain enormous. All three parties to the debate falsely assume that the causal structure driving opinion about race policy is homogenous. I reorient and advance the debate by showing how a methodological shift to a data-driven taxonomy of subjects can elucidate how race politics really is complex. I use this taxonomy to run new analyses, and to explain and assess the seemingly contradictory results of previous contributions to the debate. Each of the major parties to the debate is partially right in their account of public opinion about race politics, but about independently identifiable sub-sets of subjects.
Smart Classrooms Bring Top-Quality Education around the Globe

This paper describes a successful example that brings the much-needed information security education to Japan and effectively implements it in Hyogo Prefecture, which has been playing a leading role in providing measures for safety and security of Japanese society since the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake. The paper provides an overview of the technology used to link the university campuses in Japan and the US, and examines the methodologies used to make distance learning an exciting experience and as effective as the traditional classroom type education. It also discusses some of the challenges which were experienced during the process
Management strategies in cardiac surgery for postoperative atrial fibrillation: contemporary prophylaxis and futuristic anticoagulant possibilities.

With more than a third of patients expected to endure the arrhythmia at any given time point, atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery becomes a vexing problem in the postoperative care of cardiac surgery patients. The impact on patient care covers a spectrum from the more common clinically insignificant sequelae to debilitating embolic events. Despite this, postoperative atrial fibrillation generally masquerades as being insignificant, or at most as an anticipated inherent risk, merely extending one's hospital stay by a few days. As an independent risk factor for stroke, early and late mortality, and being a multibillion dollar strain on the healthcare system annually, postoperative atrial fibrillation is far more flagrant than a mere inherent risk. It is a serious medical quandary, which is not recognized as such. Though complete prevention is unrealistic, a step-wise treatment strategy that incorporates multiple preventative modalities can significantly reduce the impact of postoperative atrial fibrillation on patient care. The aims of this review are to present a brief overview of the arrhythmia’s etiology, risk factors, and preventative strategies to reduce associated morbidities. Newer anticoagulants and the potential role of these drugs on future treatment paradigms are also discussed.
Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature Uncertainty on the Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) and Rainfall

AbstractThis paper examines the sensitivity of short-term forecasts of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) and rainfall to sea surface temperature (SST) uncertainty using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). A comparison of analyzed SSTs with satellite observations of SST indicates that SST analysis errors are particularly pronounced on horizontal scales from 100 to 200 km, similar to the mesoscale eddy scales in the Kuroshio region. Since significant oceanic variations occur on these scales, it is of interest to examine the effects of representing this small-scale uncertainty with random, scale-dependent perturbations. An SST ensemble perturbation generation technique is used here that enables temporal and spatial correlations to be controlled and produces initial SST fields comparable to satellite observations. The atmospheric model develops large uncertainty in the Korea and Japan area due to the fluctuation in the horizontal pressure gradient caused by the ...
The role of nitric oxide and cell adhesion molecules on the microcirculation in ischaemia-reperfusion

The microcirculation undergoes a profound degree of endothelial dysfunction within minutes (i.e., 2.5 to 5 min) following reperfusion of ischaemic vasculature. This has been documented in the coronary and mesenteric microcirculation. The endothelial dysfunction is characterized by a loss in basal and agonist-mediated nitric oxide (NO) produced by the vascular endothelium. The loss of NO results in upregulation of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) particularly P-selectin 10-20 min following reperfusion. Thus, CAM upregulation renders the endothelium sticky, and a marked degree of leukocyte adherence (particularly neutrophils) occurs 20 min following reperfusion. This enhanced involvement of neutrophils leads to neutrophil infiltration into the underlying tissue (e.g., myocardium) within 2-3 h of reperfusion. The infiltration of neutrophils leads to reperfusion injury (i.e., necrosis) which is significant at 3 h but becomes profound at 4.5 h following reperfusion. Cardiac necrosis can be significantly attenuated by treatment with NO, an organic NO donor, L-arginine, or specific blockers of CAMs given just prior to reperfusion. This approach is a promising one for a variety of types of reperfusion injury.
Interkinetic Nuclear Migration Is a Broadly Conserved Feature of Cell Division in Pseudostratified Epithelia

Summary Animal development requires tight integration between the processes of proliferative growth and epithelial morphogenesis, both of which play out at the level of individual cells. In this respect, not only must polarized epithelial cells assume complex morphologies, these distinct forms must be radically and repeatedly transformed to permit mitosis. A dramatic illustration of this integration between epithelial morphogenesis and cell proliferation is interkinetic nuclear migration (IKNM), wherein the nuclei of pseudostratified epithelial cells translocate to the apical epithelial surface to execute cell division [1, 2]. IKNM is widely considered a hallmark of pseudostratified vertebrate neuroepithelia, and prior investigations have proposed both actomyosin- and microtubule-dependent mechanisms for apical localization of the mitotic nucleus [3–8]. Here, using comparative functional analysis in arthropod and cnidarian systems ( Drosophila melanogaster and Nematostella vectensis ), we show that actomyosin-dependent IKNM is likely to be a general feature of mitosis in pseudostratified epithelia throughout Eumetazoa. Furthermore, our studies suggest a mechanistic link between IKNM and the fundamental process of mitotic cell rounding.
Impact of Student Engagement on Academic Performance and Quality of Relationships of Traditional and Nontraditional Students

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the level of student engagement on academic performance and the quality of relationships with students, faculty, and administrative personnel of traditional and nontraditional students. This study sought to determine if there was a significant difference in academic performance of traditional and nontraditional college students based on the level of student engagement. The researcher examined data from both traditional and nontraditional students to consider the impact the level of student engagement had upon the quality of relationships with other students, faculty, and administrative personnel. Furthermore, the study sought to determine if there was a significant difference in the quality of relationships with other students, faculty, and administrative personnel between traditional and nontraditional college students. There was a significant difference between traditional and nontraditional students based on academic performance and level of student engagement. Traditional students had higher levels of student engagement; however, nontraditional students had higher levels of academic performance. Level of student engagement had a significant impact on the quality of relationships with other students, faculty, and administrative personnel for both traditional and nontraditional students. Specifically, level of student engagement had the greatest impact upon quality of relationships with faculty for both traditional and nontraditional students. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the quality of relationships with other students, faculty, and administrative personnel. Nontraditional students had the highest quality of relationships with faculty and administrative personnel, and traditional students had the highest quality of relationships with other students.
Kinetic investigation of the RAFT polymerization of p‐acetoxystyrene

The kinetics of the RAFT polymerization of p-acetoxystyrene using a trithiocarbonate chain transfer agent, S-1-dodecyl-S′-(α,α′-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate, DDMAT, was investigated. Parameters including temperature, percentage initiator, concentration, monomer-to-chain transfer agent ratio, and solvent were varied and their impact on the rate of polymerization and quality of the final polymer examined. Linear kinetic plots, linear increase of Mn with monomer conversion, and low final molecular weight dispersities were used as criteria for the selection of optimized polymerization conditions, which included a temperature of 70 or 80 °C with 10 mol % AIBN initiator in bulk for low conversions or in 1,4-dioxane at a monomer-to-solvent volume ratio of 1:1 for higher conversions This study opens the way for the use of DDMAT as a chain transfer agent for RAFT polymerization to incorporate p-acetoxystyrene together with other functional monomers into well-defined copolymers, block copolymers, and nanostructures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2517–2524, 2010
Equilibrium Nitrogen Pressures and Thermodynamic Properties of UN

Pressures of nitrogen over UN(s) + U(1) were measured between 1300′ and 1500°C. These data, coupled with literature data, extend the measured range of pressures to nearly 11 orders of magnitude and 1550 centigrade degrees. The best value of AH°298, UN from the available data is taken to be -69.6 +1.0 kcal/mole. The second and third law calculations agree satisfactorily.
Analysis of the Traveling Salesman Problem with a subset of intermediate cities and dynamic edge weights used with intelligent transportation systems

In this paper a specialized routing problem for vehicles in a transportation network that need to visit multiple destinations before returning to the starting location in the minimum time is presented. Although this problem is similar to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), it differs because the edge weights can change constantly and the vehicle only needs to visit a subset of the nodes in the graph. The Dynamic Fastest Paths with Multiple Unique Destinations (DynFast-MUD) algorithm [23] provides a solution to this problem which is tested in a live environment in this study. There are currently 50 vehicles in Anchorage, Alaska that contain devices that report the speed, location, and direction to a central server through a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) architecture. Using this data, the shortest route to a predefined set of destinations was compared to the path identified by the DynFast-MUD algorithm once a day for a two week period. The results show that with this relatively limited number of vehicles contributing to the dynamic changing edge weights, the DynFast-MUD algorithm always provides a route that is at least as fast as the shortest route. It is hypothesized that with more vehicles reporting speed and location data, the DynFast-MUD algorithm will produce even better results.
The Apache Longbow–Hellfire Missile Test at Yuma Proving Ground: Ecological Risk Assessment for Helicopter Overflight

ABSTRACT A multi-stressor risk assessment was conducted at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, as a demonstration of the Military Ecological Risk Assessment Framework. The focus of the assessment was a testing program at Cibola Range, which involved an Apache Longbow helicopter firing Hellfire missiles at moving targets, that is, M60-A1 tanks. This article focuses on the wildlife risk assessment for the helicopter overflight. The primary stressors were sound and the view of the aircraft. Exposure to desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) was quantified using Air Force sound contour programs NOISEMAP and MR_NMAP, which gave very different results. Slant distance from helicopters to deer was also used as a measure of exposure that integrated risk from sound and view of the aircraft. Exposure-response models for the characterization of effects consisted of behavioral thresholds in sound exposure level or maximum sound level units or slant distance. Available sound thresholds were limited for desert mule dee...
Structure-Activity Relationship Study and Drug Profile of N-(4-Fluorophenylsulfonyl)-L-valyl-L-leucinal (SJA6017) as a Potent Calpain Inhibitor

Novel N-arylsulfonyldipeptidyl aldehyde derivatives were prepared by DMSO oxidation from the corresponding dipeptide alcohol, and their potencies as calpain inhibitors were evaluated in vitro. Amon...
Electron Spin Resonance and Laser Flash Photolysis Study of Radical Addition to Vinyl Acrylate and Related Alkenes

Addition of two radicals (diphenyl phosphinoyl and 2-hydroxy-2-propyl) to the bifunctional alkene, vinyl acrylate, was studied by both time-resolved (TR) and steady-state (SS) ESR and laser flash photolysis (LFP). The adduct radicals are predominately a result of tail addition (addition to the unsubstituted carbon atom) of the acrylate double bond. Chemical structures of the adducts were established by comparison of the observed ESR spectra with those of adducts of the same reactive radicals to structurally related alkenes, tert-butyl acrylate and vinyl pivalate, which have only one type of double bond. Adducts of bulky phosphinoyl radicals to the acrylates demonstrate hindered rotation and a cis−trans isomerization at room temperature. The structure of the adduct radicals and the reactivity of the two radicals are discussed. Absolute rate constants for the addition of the phosphinoyl radical to the alkenes were measured by LFP in ethyl acetate at 296 K. A rate constant of kadd = (33 ± 1) × 106 M-1s-1 was...
The effect of aspect ratio and sp2/sp3 content on the field emission properties of carbon films grown by Ns-spiked PECVD

The authors have deposited carbon films from mixtures of methane and N{sub 2} using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition. By changing the percentage of N{sub 2} in the feed gas, they were able to produce films that have various aspect ratios and sp{sup 2}/sp{sup 3} contents. The film with the highest field emission contains spears of aspect ratio of 10:1. They also found that in their sp{sup 3}-rich films, higher sp{sup 2} content enhanced field emission. This is ascribed to improved charge transport to the field emission sites.
Integrating large-scale group projects and software engineering approaches for early computer science courses

The utilization of large-scale group projects in early computer science courses has been readily accepted in academia. In these types of projects, students are given a specific portion of a large programming problem to design and develop. Ultimately, the consolidation of all of the independent student projects integrates to form the solution for the large-scale project. Although many studies report on the experience of executing a semester-long course of this nature, course experience at Georgetown University, Washington, DC, shows the benefits of embedding a large-scale project that comprises just a segment of the course (three to four weeks). The success of these types of courses requires an effective process for creating the specific large-scale project. An effective process for large-scale group project course development is applied to the second computer science course at Georgetown University.
Quality of Life for Parents of Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

The purpose of this study was to examine the issue of quality of life (QOL) of parents with children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Parental QOL was measured by the Parents Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire. Parental life satisfaction was most affected by the burden the child's diabetes placed on the family. The event having the most impact on parental QOL was the frequency of telling others about the child's diabetes. The greatest worry was that the child would develop complications from diabetes. Parents of school-aged children experienced significantly greater life satisfaction than parents of adolescents. Married parents had higher life satisfaction than those who were divorced. Metabolic control, reflected by HbA1c values, was associated with the life satisfaction of parents.
The pituitary-thyroid regulatory system.

The pituitary thyroid regulatory system is a classical example of a hypothalamic-pituitary-endocrine gland feedback loop. As one of the earliest such systems recognized and one which has proven to be so useful clinically, it has been widely studied. The critical elements in the system are shown in the diagram in Figure 1. The best recognized level of feedback regulation is that of thyroid hormone on pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) production. However, results of recent studies reviewed below demonstrate conclusively that there is also feedback regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) synthesis by thyroid hormone. This complex system is exquisitely sensitive to changes in ambient thyroid hormone levels and serves to maintain the serum hormone concentration in an extremely narrow range in a given individual.
Sympathetic denervation of resistance arteries increases contraction and decreases relaxation to flow

The effect of chronic sympathetic and possibly sensory denervation on flow-induced changes in smooth muscle tone was examined in a branch of the rabbit ear artery (200-400 microns ID). The superior cervical ganglion and 1-cm portions of the greater and anterior auricular nerves were removed from 4-wk-old rabbits while under general anesthesia, and arterial segments were studied 21 days later. Efficacy of denervation was assessed by catecholamine histochemistry and by absence of a constrictor response to transmural electrical field stimulation. Intraluminal flow of physiological saline solution was made through a pipette into matched-innervated and -denervated segments. Flow-induced contraction was increased in the denervated compared with the contralateral innervated segments. At the lowest flow rate studied (1 microliters/min), the contraction increased more than six times. This is consistent with the previously described nonspecific, nondeviational hypersensitivity of denervated vascular smooth muscle to constrictor influences. By contrast flow-related dilation at 10 and 20 microliters/min was significantly diminished. An intraluminal flow rate could be found that resulted in dilation in innervated but not the matched-denervated segments. Endothelial-mediated dilation to acetylcholine was also impaired. Chronic sympathetic denervation increased the magnitude of flow contraction and decreased that of flow relaxation.
Ion Microscopy Imaging of Boron from BNCT Drugs in Cryogenically Prepared Tissues

Histopathologically prepared sections from brain tissue of patients with diseases such as glioblastoma multiforme can reveal satellite regions which are small clusters of malignant cells adjacent to a main tumor mass but embedded in the contiguous healthy brain tissue. Within the BNCT community, as well as the rest of the medical community, it is a well known fact that many of these small tumor satellites cannot be removed during the surgical debulking procedures used to eliminate the main tumor mass. Additionally, the small tumor satellites which remain after surgical treatment are responsible for the regrowth and recurrence of the associated disease. If compounds such as p-boronophenylalanine (BPA) or sodium mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate (BSH) are going to be used successfully in BNCT, then they must selectively target the smallest possible clusters of malignant tumor cells. Thus, it is crucial to provide direct evidence of the selective delivery of boron at the cellular and subcellular level prior to acceptance of these compounds as clinical agents for BNCT. Although analytical techniques such as quantitative neutron capture radiography1 are highly sensitive, they lack the spatial resolution required for analyzing the subcellular distribution of boron. In contrast, ion microscopy is capable of resolving subcellular features such as nucleus, cytoplasm, etc. with a spatial resolution of 0.5 μm.
Using Stochastic Computing to Reduce the Hardware Requirements for a Restricted Boltzmann Machine Classifier

Artificial neural networks are powerful computational systems with interconnected neurons. Generally, these networks have a very large number of computation nodes which forces the designer to use software-based implementations. However, the software based implementations are offline and not suitable for portable or real-time applications. Experiments show that compared with the software based implementations, FPGA-based systems can greatly speed up the computation time, making them suitable for real-time situations and portable applications. However, the FPGA implementation of neural networks with a large number of nodes is still a challenging task.In this paper, we exploit stochastic bit streams in the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) to implement the classification of the RBM handwritten digit recognition application completely on an FPGA. We use finite state machine-based (FSM) stochastic circuits to implement the required sigmoid function and use the novel stochastic computing approach to perform all large matrix multiplications. Experimental results show that the proposed stochastic architecture has much more potential for tolerating faults while requiring much less hardware compared to the currently un-implementable deterministic binary approach when the RBM consists of a large number of neurons. Exploiting the features of stochastic circuits, our implementation achieves much better performance than a software-based approach.
Towards sustaining a culture of mental health and wellness for trainees in the biosciences

Addressing the mental health of graduate and postdoctoral trainees in the biosciences will substantially benefit the scientific community at large.
Low Toxicity of Sulfonamide Mixtures. II. Combinations of Sulfathiazole, Sulfadiazine and Sulfamerazine.

Summary1. In continuation of experimental and clinical studies with mixtures of sulfonamides, the toxicity as well as the absorption and excretion of the combinations sulfadiazme-sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine-sulfa-merazine, and sulfadiazine-sulfathiazole-sul-famerazine were investigated in albino rats.2. These combinations of partial dosages proved significantly less toxic than any one of their separate constituents in equal or comparable total dosage. The mixture of 3 sulfonamides was less toxic than either combination of 2 drugs.3. The low toxicity of sulfonamide mixtures was shown to be due to the prevention of renal obstruction, resulting from a pronounced diminution in the intratubular deposition of sulfonamide crystals.4. Mixtures of sulfonamides were more completely absorbed and excreted than equal amounts of their individual constituents. Blood levels from mixtures were, therefore, distinctly higher than expected on the basis of mathematical computations from the values of single sulfonamides.5. It...
Correlation between Rotter's I-E Scale and Barron's Ego Strength Scale.

Locus of control has been postulated as a personality dimension that could be useful when applied to psychotherapy (4, 5). This idea is based on the assumption that an internal locus of control denotes a healthier adjustment than an external locus of control, suggesting that locus of control could be used as one measure of psychological adiustment. If an internal locus of control is conducive to better adjustment, then ir follows that in some cases a useful therapeutic goal for clients with an external locus of control could be the fostering of a more internal orientation (4, 5). There is evidence to support the hypothesis thar internals tend to show better adjustment and a wider array of positive personality traits than externals (2, 4, 5, 6). One method that has been used in an attempt to determine if internality is associated with positive personality traits has been thar of correlating scores obtained on the Rorrer I-E Scale (6) with scores on other measures of psychological adjustment. Butnes, et al. (2), in examining correlations between MMPI and I-E scores, found that scores on the Rotter I-E Scale correlated negatively with the K scale and positively with the F Scale, leading them to conclude that their data "indicate linear correlations between locus of control (I-E scores) and indexes of ego strength and pathology (K and F scores) ." Another index of psychological adjustment that is of particular interest to clinicians because it has been related to psychotherapy outcomes is the Ego Strength (Es) scale of the MMPI developed (1). In his review of the literature Graham (3) looked at reliability and validity data for the Es scale and stated that "~n general, high Es scores are predictive of positive personality change for neurotic patients who receive traditional individual psychotherapy." Graham's description of high scorers on the Es scale is similar to Phares' (5) description of internals in that both are depicted as relatively competent and effective individuals who possess higher levels of coping and problemsolving abilities than externals or low scorers on the Es scale.
Neuromuscular choristoma presenting with unilateral limb hypoplasia in a 3-year-old boy.

INTRODUCTION Neuromuscular choristomas (NMCs) are rare benign peripheral nerve lesions in which skeletal muscle tissue is admixed with nerve fascicles. METHODS We describe a case of sciatic nerve NMC presenting with unilateral limb hypoplasia, monoparesis, and equinovarus contracture in a pediatric patient. We outline the unique clinical presentation and diagnostic work-up for our patient, including electromyographic and imaging studies. RESULTS MRI revealed fusiform enlargement of the sciatic nerve, <50% intralesional fat, and signal characteristics similar to those of muscle tissue. Ultrasound was utilized to characterize atrophy and fatty infiltration of affected muscles. The patient was treated conservatively with a customized physical therapy program and lower limb orthosis. CONCLUSIONS Emerging diagnostic criteria are highlighted with the goal of distinguishing NMCs from more common peripheral nerve lesions. This can have important clinical consequences, as unnecessary biopsies are associated with aggressive fibromatosis, a potentially devastating complication. Muscle Nerve 54: 797-801, 2016.
LXI. Description of a new photometer

(1867). LXI. Description of a new photometer. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 34, No. 232, pp. 475-476.
The Struggle for Influence

The most frequent characterization of the relationship between the political leadership of the Soviet Union and Soviet science is one of dominance and submissiveness, respectively. Most authors have emphasized Communist Party control of scientists’ careers, their access to foreign scientific publications, and interaction with their foreign colleagues in the Soviet Union and the ability of scientists to travel abroad.1 Additionally, the granting of residence permits and the selection of talented personnel by institutes were also determined in small or large part by party functionaries. In some cases, the Party even determined the direction of a particular science and its research priorities. For example, the Party claimed that Soviet science in the fields of biology, physics, and cybernetics was unique and thus different from Western bourgeois science. This ‘difference’ between Western and Soviet science meant that Soviet scientists had to engage in philosophical debates over the validity of Western science and its usefulness for Soviet science. Using philosophical arguments, the Party intruded into the realm of scientific disagreements and ultimately supported a particular viewpoint for philosophical or political reasons rather than supporting a particular conclusion based on the analysis of scientific data. Probably the most infamous philosophical debate occurred when Trofim D. Lysenko and his ‘false-science’ attacked Mendelian genetics as non-Marxist. Supported by the Party, Lysenko’s triumph led to the curtailment of the fields of biology and genetics in the Soviet Union for some twenty years.2
From Return to Deposition: Mary, Darnley and Scotland, 1562–1567

In 1562 and 1563, the English were not the only subjects attempting to force an answer to the question of succession upon their queen. The Scots also wanted Mary to make a decision about matrimony and securing the Scottish throne, as succession in the northern kingdom was almost as hazy as in its southern neighbour. The next in line to the throne were the Duke of Châtelherault and his son the Earl of Arran, a man on the verge of madness, who believed that he should marry the widowed queen and begin to rule on his own. Mary recognized his madness and refused to consider his attempt to woo her, looking instead to foreign princes. Following the Arran family was the Duke of Lennox, husband to Mary’s half-aunt, Margaret, and the father of the man whom Mary did decide to wed in 1565. Though the question of succession was the same for the English and the Scots in the early 1560s, the Scottish queen appeared more desirous in answering that question herself than did her English cousin.
Validation of ANAM for cognitive screening in a mixed clinical sample.

ABSTRACTThe Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) is a library of computer based tests designed to measure cognitive function at a single time-point or longitudinally for detection of cognitive change. This study sought to validate ANAM as a cognitive screening tool for presence of confirmed neuropsychological diagnosis in an outpatient setting. Retrospective data analysis was conducted for 139 patients referred for outpatient neuropsychological assessment. Clinical diagnosis was made independent of ANAM test results and resulted in a diagnostic mix of both neurologic and psychologic etiologies. ANAM scores predictive of presence of confirmed diagnosis were identified using multiple logistic regression and the predictive ability of the resulting model was quantified using receiver operator characteristic analysis. Sensitivity and specificity for the ANAM when combined with anger and depressive symptom scores were 71% and 91%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 97.5 and nega...
Is all turnover intent the same? Exploring future job preference and environmental considerations

This study approaches turnover intent in a novel way by incorporating both environmental and internal organizational factors together to create a more nuanced view of what drives turnover. The anal...
Professional Associations, State Licensure, and the Reimbursement of Telerehabilitation

Professional associations and state licensing boards play important roles in the credentialing and practice standards for occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech-language pathologists in the United States. The policies and regulations developed by these groups play a role in educating and influencing others about telerehabilitation. This chapter will describe how the emerging area of telerehabilitation is being handled by national and international professional associations and will address the role and variability of state licensing boards. The current status of telerehabilitation reimbursement will be discussed.
Intracranial Procedures in the Supine, Semi-Sitting, and Sitting Positions

The supine position is the most commonly used position in cranial neurosurgery. Given the mobility of the neck and the ability to adjust the table, this position can be adapted to a multitude of approaches, including the pterional approach and its variations, the temporal approaches, the interhemispheric transcallosal and the subfrontal approaches, the transnasal and transoral approaches, and even the retrosigmoid approach. Patient comfort makes the supine positioning most suitable for awake craniotomies. The sitting position allows excellent access to the posterior aspect of the head with gravity-assisted cerebellar retraction, but with an increased risk of complications. We review in this chapter the nuances of supine and sitting positions in different neurosurgical approaches and discuss their relative risks and advantages.
The longitudinal association between cognitive control capacities, suicidality, and depression during late adolescence and young adulthood

This study examined the association between cognitive control capacities, suicidal thoughts and attempts, and depressive symptoms during late adolescence and young adulthood. The sample included 4192 participants (55.5% female) from the United States who participated in Waves III (2001-2002; respondent age 18-26 years) and IV (2007-2008; respondent age 24-33 years) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Suicidality in late adolescence predicted depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Depressive symptoms were not predictive of later suicide ideation nor attempts. Working memory was associated with lower depressive symptoms. Higher verbal ability was associated with more suicidal thoughts but not attempts. Internal locus of control was associated with decreased depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts/attempts in young adulthood. Findings suggest that cognitive control capacities developed in adolescence differentially predict depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempts in young adulthood.