cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PLANT REGENERATION FROM LEAF PETIOLES IN CAMPTOTHECA ACUMINATA

Camptothecin, produced by Camptotheca acuminata, is a pharmaceutically important compound. Transgenic technology has potential uses for the enhancement of camptothecin production; however, an efficient plant regeneration protocol for C. acuminata is not currently available. Factors that affected successful seedling germination were evaluated. The regeneration potential of various parts of seedlings was tested. Camptothecin production in regenerated plants was compared to its production in calluses and the original seedlings. Dark incubation and seed coat removal led to a higher germination rate and a higher survival rate after germination. The best shoot induction medium was found to be Gamborg's B5 medium+8.9 μM benzyladenine. Among the calluses induced from various parts of seedlings, leaf petiole calluses, leaf dise calluses, and cotyledon calluses regenerated shoots, but internode calluses did not. Furthermore, leaf petiole calluses and leaf dise calluses regenerated normal shoots, while cotyledon calluses regenerated hyperhydric shoots. Moreover, leaf petiole calluses had a higher shoot regeneration rate, 50% versus 9%, and a higher shoot number, 6.2±0.5 versus 2.0±0.3, than did leaf dise calluses on the best shoot induction medium. It took 4–6 wk to regenerate shoots after transfer into shoot induction media. Camptothecin concentration in the regenerated plants was significantly higher than that in the calluses and similar to that in the original seedlings. In conclusion, leaf petioles provide efficient plant regeneration of C. acuminata.
Therapeutic approaches in Parkinson's disease and related disorders.

The lack of effective therapies for neurodegenerative disorders is one of the most relevant challenges of this century, considering that, as the global population ages, the incidence of these type of diseases is quickly on the rise. Among these disorders, synucleinopathies, which are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and spreading of the synaptic protein alpha-synuclein in the brain, already constitute the second leading cause of parkinsonism and dementia in the elderly population. Disorders with alpha-synuclein accumulation include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. Numerous therapeutic alternatives for synucleinopathies are being tested in pre-clinical models and in the clinic; however, only palliative treatments addressing the dopaminergic deficits are approved to date, and no disease-modifying options are available yet. In this article, we provide a brief overview of therapeutic approaches currently being explored for synucleinopathies, and suggest possible explanations to the clinical trials outcomes. Finally, we propose that a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of synucleinopathies, together with a combination of therapies tailored to each disease stage, may lead to better therapeutic outcomes in synucleinopathy patients. Synucleinopathies, neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein, constitute the second leading cause of parkinsonism and dementia in the elderly population, however, no disease-modifying options are available yet. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic approaches currently being explored for synucleinopathies, suggest possible explanations to the clinical outcomes, and propose areas of further therapeutic improvement. This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
Managing up and down: community corrections middle managers’ role conflict and ambiguity during organizational change

AbstractCommunity corrections agencies in the United States must respond to and refine organizational practices depending on both internal (i.e. staff, resources, etc.) and external factors (i.e. political change, legislative action or union influence). Most prior studies emphasize the experiences of either upper management or line staff, but few studies focus on middle managers, who play a ‘strategic role’ in organizational reform. The current study explores the way(s) middle managers address policy implementation that often require reconcilement of conflict and ambiguity that often occur in translating policy to practice. The study uses ethnographic observations of and focus groups with 75 middle managers in a community corrections agency undergoing specialized training. Findings suggest middle managers resolve dissonance, and manage up, laterally and down, by employing three cognitive scripts: resignation, refocusing, and reinforcement. Each script presents distinct implications for organizational chan...
Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and chromatin organization in Tetrahymena thermophila.

Abstract Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the transcriptionally active macronucleus of Tetrahymena thermophila is methylated at the N6 position of adenine to produce methyladenine (MeAde); approximately 1 in every 125 adenine residues (0.8 mol%) is methylated. Transcriptionally inert micronuclear DNA is not methylated (< or = 0.01 mol% MeAde; M. A. Gorovsky, S. Hattman, and G. L. Pleger, J. Cell Biol. 56:697-701, 1973). There is no detectable cytosine methylation in macronuclei in Tetrahymena DNA (< or = 0.01 mol% 5-methylcytosine). MeAde-containing DNA sequences in macronuclei are preferentially digested by both staphylococcal nuclease and pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I. In contrast, there is no preferential release of MeAde during digestion of purified DNA. These results indicate that MeAde residues are predominantly located in "linker DNA" and perhaps have a function in transcription. Pulse-chase studies showed that labeled MeAde remains preferentially in linker DNA during subsequent rounds of DNA replication; i.e., there is little, if any, movement of nucleosomes during chromatin replication. This implies that nucleosomes may be phased with respect to DNA sequence.
The ProDisc-C total disc replacement system was effective for symptomatic cervical disc disease.

Patients: 209 patients between 18 and 60 years of age (mean age, 43 y; 55% women) with symptomatic cervical disc disease causing intractable, debilitating radiculopathy from 1 vertebral segment between C3 and C7. Patients were also unresponsive to nonoperative treatment for ‡6 weeks and had a neck disability index (NDI) score of ‡30%. Exclusion criteria included ‡1 vertebral level requiring treatment, marked cervical instability on resting lateral or flexion-extension radiographs, allergies to materials used in the procedures, previous surgery at the level to be treated, infection, spondylosis, Paget disease, severe diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, systemic disease, active malignancy, and pregnancy. Follow-up was 96.5%.
Reaching Back Strategy: Using Mirroring, Trust, and Cultural Alignment in a Service-Learning Course to Impact Hispanic Parents' Perception of College--A Case Study.

ABSTRACTThirty-four undergraduate public relations majors participating in a problem-based service-learning project at a Hispanic-Serving Institution executed an event that attracted more than 100 low-income Hispanic families to campus. The purpose was to help parents prepare their children for college. From primary and secondary research, the students identified 3 dimensions for reaching the targeted audience—mirroring, trust, and cultural alignment—which were dubbed the Reaching Back strategy. Our purpose is to describe how the Reaching Back strategy works, the benefits of problem-based service-learning projects for both students and community participants, and how this strategy can be replicated.
The Failure of Shocking Agents to Influence the Mode of Spread of Various Viruses in the Central Nervous System

ous system. It is also recognized that passage of many circulating viruses from the blood to the central nervous system is facilitated by the production of mild injury to the brain tissues. This was first demonstrated by Sawyer and Lloyd,' who showed that intracerebral injection of a weak starch solution rendered mice susceptible to infection with yellow fever virus by the intraperitoneal route. A similar phenomenon occurs with the virus of St. Louis encephalitis; while large amounts of this virus are capable of invading the brain from intraperitoneal infection, high dilutions are lethal only after concomitant brain injury.2 Comparable results have been obtained with other hosts and other viruses. Thus, Flexner and Amoss3 first demonstrated the facilitating effect of meningeal irritation in producing poliomyelitic infection after various routes of inoculation. Even peripheral injury, such as follows operations on the extremities, may increase susceptibility to infection with this virus.4 However, not all viruses react in this manner. It is known, for ins ance, that the encephalitogenic power of peripherally injected equine encephalomyelitis virus is not increased by concomitant brain trauma.5 Changes that occur with age are also recognized as factors modifying the migration of certain viruses from the periphery to the central nervous system. Thus, infant animals, especially mice, are much more susceptible to peripheral inoculations than are adult animals of
Interferon-Containing and Interferon-Free HCV Therapy for HIV-Infected Patients

In the era of effective treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Similar to other observations made in other HCV-infected patient populations, treatment of chronic HCV infection that results in sustained virologic response or eradication of the hepatitis infection has been strongly associated with decreased likelihood of end-stage liver disease and/or hepatocellular carcinoma and improved overall survival in HIV-infected patients. However, the effectiveness of HCV treatment has been limited due to frequent contraindications to interferon-α (INFα) and prior to the advent of HCV direct acting antivirals, relatively low rates of sustained virologic response. Since 2011, the efficacy of HCV treatment in coinfected patients has improved substantially with the addition of HCV direct-acting antivirals to INFα-based regimens. Based on these observations, there is mounting optimism that INFα-free, oral HCV treatments will further improve efficacy, and more importantly, increase access to treatment for many coinfected patients.
Ignorance Is Bliss: Information Sources and Attitudes About School Choices in New Orleans

After Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans eliminated default neighborhood schools and began to require parents to choose a school for their child. There are many new schools and a new enrollment process...
Chemokine synthesis in the HSV‐1‐infected cornea and its suppression by interleukin‐10

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of the murine cornea results in a tissue-destructive inflammatory response. In this study we show that virus infection induces the synthesis of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), MIP-1alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). However, only the production of MIP-2 and MIP-1alpha coincided with the influx of leukocytes into the cornea. IL-10 treatment markedly suppressed chemokine message and protein synthesis in vivo. Local administration of IL-10 also dramatically reduced the number of T cells and neutrophils migrating into the cornea and suppressed the severity of corneal disease. The inflammatory response could also be suppressed by the passive transfer of neutralizing antibody to MIP-1alpha but not MCP-1. We conclude that local IL-10 administration can suppress chemokine synthesis, thereby ameliorating corneal disease. Furthermore, our results indicate that MIP-1alpha plays a major role in herpes stromal keratitis development, whereas MCP-1 does not.
Application and Problem of Electronic Medical Record in Hospital Information

In the process of the economic globalization and the computerised society,our hospital has entered into digital and information era.hospital information make the hospital workflow changed and innovation,and make the hospital has made rapid development.The core content of health information technology is to solve,in medical health fields in the formation,all kinds of information fusion,storage and transmission,management and utilization of the problem.AS the result,electronic medical records and related technology research and application in recent years have developed rapidly.Electronic medical records in digital hospital plays a very important role,In this paper,the role of electronic medical records in the hospital informatizition especially its clinical value and problems are expounded.
Periprosthetic Distal Femur Fracture after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

This study was designed to itemize and analyze the classification of fracture types and their corresponding outcomes in an attempt to provide a better understanding of the current treatment methods. Two PubMed searches were performed using the words "periprosthetic distal femur fracture" and "periprosthetic supracondylar femur fracture" in studies that were published in the previous 10 years (2004-2014). Data from 41 articlesthat met the general inclusion criteria, were collected and categorized into fracture type and treatment method groupings. Healing outcome and complications were the two parameters used to analyze the data. Treatment techniques were grouped in the following categories: locking plate, non-locking plate, intramedullary nail/rod, screw, blade plate, cerclage wires, allograft, external fixation, revision arthroplasty, non-operative, and other. Classification systems by Lewis and Rorabeck, the Association for Osteosynthesis/Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA), Su et al., Neer et al., Kim et al., Backstein et al., and the Societe Francaise de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Traumatologique were reported. In total 448 fractures were identified, of which Rorabeck type II was the most common fracture studied. The two most successful treatment options for periprosthetic distal femur fractures were locking plate (87%) and intramedullary nail/rod (84%). The most frequent complications associated with periprosthetic distal femur fractures included non/mal/delayed union and the need for revision. Locking plates used to treat Rorabeck type II fractures had a complication rate of 35% and those treated with intramedullary nailing had a higher complication rate of 53%. In conclusion, the most frequent type of periprosthetic distal femur fracture after total knee arthroplasty was Rorabeck type II. The most common treatments for these types of fractures are locked plating and intramedullary nailing, with similar healing rates of 87% and 84%, respectively. However, the complication rate for locked plating was lower than for intramedullary nailing.
Theoretical Limits to the Anode Potential in Aqueous Mg–Air Batteries

The aqueous Mg–air battery is an attractive candidate for some electric vehicle applications due to its high theoretical specific energy, environmentally and physiologically benign properties, and implied low cost from using earth-abundant materials. However, the experimentally observed potentials (1.6–1.2 V) are far from the thermodynamically predicted value of 3.09 V, based on the free energy of formation for the reaction Mg (s) + 1/2 O2 (g) + H2O (l) ⇌ Mg(OH)2 (s). It is generally believed that this large difference is principally due to the presence of Mg corrosion giving rise to a net corrosion potential, and that it would be possible to nearly obtain the full potential of 3.09 V if corrosion were completely suppressed. In this contribution, we present a density functional theory study of the hydroxide-assisted Mg anodic dissolution mechanism in the aqueous Mg–air battery. We show that the Mg surface is expected to be highly OH*-covered in the anodic dissolution process, and that the calculated intri...
Functions of Common Beverage Ingredients

The numerous beverage brands, flavors, and products that include regular and diet carbonated soft drinks, juices, sports drinks, energy drinks, teas, coffees, beers, wines, and other alcoholic beverages represent a vast industry in the USA. Each beverage represents a unique profile of ingredients (chemicals) that are critical to defining the taste, function, and shelf-life of these products. By itself, the nonalcoholic beverage industry commands an impressive $141 billion direct economic impact and provides 233,000 jobs [1].
Rethinking Sensitized Luminescence in Lanthanide Coordination Polymers and MOFs: Band Sensitization and Water Enhanced Eu Luminescence in [Ln(C15H9O5)3(H2O)3]n (Ln = Eu, Tb)

A coordination polymer [Ln(C15H9O9)3(H2O)3]n (1-Ln = Eu(III), Tb(III)) assembled from benzophenonedicarboxylate was synthesized and characterized. The organic component is shown to sensitize lanthanide-based emission in both compounds, with quantum yields of 36% (Eu) and 6% (Tb). Luminescence of lanthanide coordination polymers is currently described from a molecular approach. This methodology fails to explain the luminescence of this system. It was found that the band structure of the organic component rather than the molecular triplet state was able to explain the observed luminescence. Deuterated (Ln(C15H9O9)3(D2O)3) and dehydrated (Ln(C15H9O9)3) analogues were also studied. When bound H2O was replaced by D2O, lifetime and emission increased as expected. Upon dehydration, lifetimes increased again, but emission of 1-Eu unexpectedly decreased. This reduction is reasoned through an unprecedented enhancement effect of the compound’s luminescence by the OH/OD oscillators in the organic-to-Eu(III) energy tr...
Competitive Adsorption of Acetic Acid and Water on Kaolinite.

Mineral dust is prevalent in the atmosphere as a result of emissions from natural and anthropogenic sources. As mineral dust particles undergo long-distance transport, they are exposed to trace gases and water vapor. We have characterized the interactions of acetic acid on kaolinite using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and molecular modeling to determine the chemisorbed species present. After the addition of acetic acid, gas-phase water was introduced to explore how water vapor competes with acetic acid for surface sites. We found that four chemisorbed acetate species are present on kaolinite after exposure to acetic acid in which acetate bonds through a monodentate, bidenatate, or bidentate bridging linkage with an aluminum atom. These species exhibit varying levels of stability after the introduction of water, indicating that water vapor affects the adsorption of organic acids. These results indicate that the type of chemisorbed species determines its stability toward compet...
The Machine Vision Radiation Detection System

The emerging threats created by a global expansion of nuclear technologies and terrorism demand improved nuclear materials detection systems to aid in nuclear security and nonproliferation. This project develops the idea of using machine vision combined with a large-area gamma-ray imager to improve sensitivity to threats and their rapid localization in a crowded environment (e.g., subway stations, airports, and bridges). We have achieved our first coded-mask images with a 1 m2 array of 100 NaI(Tl) detectors. In addition, two video cameras have been used in stereo to create a three-dimensional map of points in front of the array, and image segmentation is being implemented to distinguish and track individual objects in the field of view. We are currently gearing up to simultaneously perform real-time gamma-ray imaging and object tracking so that we can eventually merge the two data streams and achieve the expected increase in sensitivity of this method.
24-48 hour preoperative "surveillance" lower extremity venous Doppler's: Aren't they worthwhile prior to spine surgery?

BACKGROUND Most previous studies focused on the utility of Doppler surveillance to determine the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) following spine surgery. Here, we utilized Doppler surveillance to assess the frequency of DVT prior to spine surgery. METHODS We asked, how often do patients exhibit preoperative DVT? To answer this, for over a 7-month period, bilateral lower extremity venous Doppler's were prospectively obtained 24-48 hours prior to a variety of spinal operations among 45 patients. This did not include an analysis of postoperative venous Doppler's/incidence of pulmonary embolism for these patients. RESULTS Of the 45 patients, 3 (6.7%) exhibited preoperative positive/abnormal venous duplex studies (unilaterally) that led to cancellation of spinal surgery. One patient, a 56-year-old female, with a C6-C7 cervical disc, demonstrated a proximal right lower extremity DVT; she required full-dose anticoagulation and her surgery was cancelled. In two cases, a 42-year-old female and a 55-year-old male, exhibited DVT in the right posterior tibial and left peroneal veins respectively; both operations were cancelled, and they were placed on anticoagulants by their internists. CONCLUSIONS Over a 7-month period, prospective "surveillance Dopplers" of both lower extremities obtained 24-48 hours prior to spinal surgery documented 3 (6.7%) positive studies out of a series of 45 patients. One instance of DVT was proximal (e.g. femoral in local) whereas 2 were distal. These data showed that preoperative surveillance Doppler of both lower extremities was "worthwhile." However, performing these studies earlier than 24-48 hrs prior to surgery would help avoid last minute cancellations.
Heinz Kindermann. Theatergeschichte Europas: II Band, Das Theater der Renaissance. Pp. 496. III Band, Das Theater der Barockzeit. Pp. 756. Salzburg: Müller, 1959.

(1961). Heinz Kindermann. Theatergeschichte Europas. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 158-159.
The impact of clandestine methamphetamine labs on property values: Discovery, decontamination and stigma

Abstract While a large literature addresses the societal cost of substance abuse across a number of domains, little is known about the impact of substance abuse on property values. This study uses unique data from Linn County, Oregon and a spatial, difference-in-difference identification strategy to test the impact of the discovery and the subsequent decontamination of clandestine methamphetamine (meth) laboratories (labs) on property values. Results suggest that even though meth labs are typically found in less-desirable neighborhoods with lower home prices, the discovery of a lab causes the price of nearby homes to drop by approximately six and a half percent. Further, the decontamination of homes used as meth labs results in an increase in property values by approximately five percent. Overall, these results suggest that beyond the potential direct benefits of reducing domestic meth production (e.g., reductions in crime, child abuse), disrupting domestic meth production has another important benefit in mitigating negative effects on property values. Also, state laws mandating the decontamination of meth labs and corresponding decontamination programs may yield significant positive net benefits. Finally, the fact that meth lab decontamination does not fully offsets the impact of discovery (homes recover about 75%) suggests a potential stigma effect associated with meth lab discovery.
Ultrafast carrier capture and Auger recombination in individual III-nitride nanowires (Conference Presentation)

Ultrafast optical microscopy is an important tool for examining fundamental phenomena in semiconductor nanowires with high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we used this technique to study carrier dynamics in single GaN/InGaN core−shell nonpolar multiple quantum well nanowires. We find that intraband carrier−carrier scattering is the main channel governing carrier capture, while subsequent carrier relaxation is dominated by three-carrier Auger recombination at higher densities and bimolecular recombina tion at lower densities. The Auger constants in these nanowires are approximately 2 orders of magnitude lower than in planar InGaN multiple quantum wells, highlighting their potential for future light-emitting devices.
The International Structure of Sovereign Debt Defaults

We use institutional and network theories to model how states respond to situations in which they are faced with the possibility of a sovereign default. We expect states occupying similar positions in the global network of trade to react similarly to financial difficulties. In particular, we argue that normative pressures prompt governments to make similar decisions to countries with which there is a strong trading relationship. We also propose that governments from structurally-equivalent countries make similar decisions. We use data on sovereign defaults for 70 countries between 1962 and 2009, and find support for our hypotheses using logistic regression with country fixed effects and with random effects.
The Case for Moving Congestion Control Out of the Datapath

With Moore's law ending, the gap between general-purpose processor speeds and network link rates is widening. This trend has led to new packet-processing "datapaths" in endpoints, including kernel bypass software and emerging SmartNIC hardware. In addition, several applications are rolling out their own protocols atop UDP (e.g., QUIC, WebRTC, Mosh, etc.), forming new datapaths different from the traditional kernel TCP stack. All these datapaths require congestion control, but they must implement it separately because it is not possible to reuse the kernel's TCP implementations. This paper proposes moving congestion control from the datapath into a separate agent. This agent, which we call the congestion control plane (CCP), must provide both an expressive congestion control API as well as a specification for datapath designers to implement and deploy CCP. We propose an API for congestion control, datapath primitives, and a user-space agent design that uses a batching method to communicate with the datapath. Our approach promises to preserve the behavior and performance of in-datapath implementations while making it significantly easier to implement and deploy new congestion control algorithms.
In the Lab

In contrast to cardiac catheterization in adults, cases in patients with structural heart disease are seldom predictable. Even the most routine catheterization in a patient with congenital heart disease can reveal unexpected findings that completely change the expected course of the procedure. With that said, most cases start and proceed in logical sequence. All cases begin with setting up the table and getting access. Hemodynamic assessment is next, usually followed by angiography and, finally, intervention, if warranted. This is the usual sequence, although exceptions do exist.
Antibacterial activity and safety of commercial veterinary cationic steroid antibiotics and neutral superoxidized water

Antibiotic resistance of bacteria common to the ocular surface is an evolving problem. Thus, novel treatment options with new modes of action are required. We investigated the antibacterial activity and safety of three commercially available topical veterinary ophthalmic products (cationic steroid antibiotics, products A and B, and a neutral superoxidized water, product C) to determine their potential use as antimicrobial alternatives. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the three products were determined against 17 antibiotic resistant bacterial clinical isolates from the ocular surface. Using a standard cytotoxicity assay, the products at varying concentrations were evaluated with a corneal fibroblast cell line and a macrophage-like cell line to determine their potential toxic effect in vitro. The commercial ophthalmic solutions, ofloxacin 0.3%, tobramycin 0.3% and gentamicin 0.3% were used as positive controls for the MIC and tobramycin 0.3% was used as positive control for the cytotoxicity assays. For the MIC, Product C showed no inhibition of growth for any organisms, while Products A and B showed inhibition of growth similar to slightly less than the positive controls. For the cytotoxicity assays, Product C exhibited minimal toxicity while Products A and B exhibited toxicity similar to the controls. In conclusion, Product C had no antibacterial activity in these assays, while Products A and B had antibacterial profiles similar to slightly less than common topical ophthalmic antibiotics and cytotoxicity profiles similar to common topical ophthalmic antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the antibacterial activity and safety of the cationic steroid antibiotics and superoxidized water.
The Best Turbulence Models for Engineers

“The best turbulence model” is obviously the Navier-Stokes equations, which are almost universally accepted as an accurate description of turbulence in simple fluids. Solving them to obtain converged statistics (DNS) requires computer work proportional to the cube of the Reynolds number, approximately, so there will always be a limit to the attainable Reynolds number, At present this limit is of the order of the Reynolds number attained in small-scale laboratory experiments. Thus “The best turbulence model for aeronautical engineers” is — again obviously — not the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. (DNS is and always will be a valuable research tool for developing and testing models based on simplifications of the NS equations: see Moin and Mahesh (1998).) The less-obvious point of this Abstract is that “best”, in the title, is a time-dependent word and that it is short for “most cost-effective”. This paper is a review of options, a brief history, and an assessment of current ideas and future possibilities. It seems likely that Reynolds-averaged models will continue to advance modestly, somewhat less likely that engineers will routinely use the highest-level models, and almost certain that large-eddy simulation will start to replace or assist Reynolds-averaged models in the next decade or so.
Measuring Christian Beliefs that Affect Managerial Decision-Making: A Beginning

Although considerable work has been done on the measurement of religious values and beliefs, little is understood about their effect on managerial values and decision making. This paper reports on theoretical work by the authors identifying Christian religious beliefs that might affect managerial decision making; it also reports the results of empirical work validating five scales of religious beliefs that might affect managerial decision making. Future research directions are proposed.
Effects of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia on Swallow:Breath Interaction and Phase of Respiration with Swallow During Non-nutritive Suck

Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe swallow:breath interaction (SwBr) and phase of respiration incident to swallow (POR) during non-nutritive suck in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and determine if speech-language intervention can modify the characteristics of non-nutritive suck in these infants. Methods: Logistic regression models were used to describe SwBr and POR in 16 low-risk preterm (LRP) infants and 43 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia were randomized to receive individualized intervention from a speech-language pathologist (BPDwithTX) or standard care (BPDnoTX). Results: No significant differences were noted between low-risk infants and either group of BPD infants for the distribution of SwBr types. Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed minor differences in the progression of POR. Speech-Language intervention did not change the progression of SwBr or POR in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Conclusion: Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia can improve the progression of SwBr through practice as effectively as low-risk preterm infants can. The minor differences in POR in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia are consistent with dysmature development as seen with other feeding studies of infants with this disease. Speech-Language intervention did not modify the developmental progression of swallow:breath interaction or phase of respiration incident to swallow. J Nat Sci, 4(9):e531, 2018
Placental development and function in trisomy 21 and mouse models of Down syndrome: Clues for studying mechanisms underlying atypical development

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder leading to developmental disability. The phenotypes associated with DS are complex and vary between affected individuals. Placental abnormalities in DS include differences in cytotrophoblast fusion that affect subsequent conversion to syncytiotrophoblast, atypical oxidative stress/antioxidant balance, and increased expression of genes that are also upregulated in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Placentas in DS are prematurely senescent, showing atypical evidence of mineralization. Fetuses with DS are especially susceptible to adverse obstetric outcomes, including early in utero demise, stillbirth and growth restriction, all of which are related to placental function. The placenta, therefore, may provide key insights towards understanding the phenotypic variability observed in individuals with DS and aid in identifying biomarkers that can be used to evaluate phenotypic severity and prenatal treatments in real time. To address these issues, many different mouse models of DS have been generated to identify the mechanisms underlying developmental changes in many organ systems. Little is known, however, regarding placental development in the currently available mouse models of DS. Based upon the relative paucity of data on placental development in preclinical mouse models of DS, we recommend that future evaluation of new and existing models routinely include histologic and functional assessments of the placenta. In this paper we summarize studies performed in the placentas of both humans and mouse models with DS, highlighting gaps in knowledge and suggesting directions for future research.
Rejoinder on: “On active learning methods for manifold data”

We thank the discussants for their comments and careful reading of our manuscript, which have enhanced and complemented our presentation. We also thank the editors of TEST for this opportunity to clarify some aspects of our work in more detail. In what follows, we first address some points touched by both sets of discussants, and then consider comments made individually by each of them. We conclude with a description of a method that can improve the speed of the retraining required in the SSGP-AL method when used for classification by re-using previous learning as opposed to re-estimating the GP model from scratch at each AL cycle.
Micro- and nano-layered processing of new polymeric systems

Abstract Recent progress on polymeric hierarchical systems fabricated by forced assembly multilayer coextrusion technology is presented. Complicated polymeric hierarchies are fabricated by this novel layer multiplication method through a solvent-free, continuous and flexible process. Superior properties have been achieved in coextruded polymeric systems by manipulating their microstructure under the guidance of “three rules” that are derived from hierarchies that underly the function of many biological materials. These are the scale, the interaction, and the architecture of the structural levels. The polymeric hierarchies have structural scales ranging from microns to nanometers and are fabricated into distinct architectures including layered films, cellular film/foams, fibrous membranes and gradient structures by this novel multilayer coextrusion process. These coextruded polymeric systems with well-controlled hierarchical structures exhibit significantly improved properties over the conventional polymeric composites. Applications that are enabled by multilayer coextrusion technology are comprehensively reviewed, including gas barrier films for packaging, optical films for lasers, information storage and gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens, dielectric films for capacitors, shape memory films for actuators and anti-counterfeiting, film/foams for high-performance light-weight media, and fibrous membranes for filtration and bio-medical substrates. The translation of the layered GRIN lens and dielectric film capacitor technologies from laboratory research to commercial production is also presented.
Is the Amnesic Effect of Cycloheximide Due to Specific Interference with a Process in Memory Storage

Because of its participation in so many important cellular regulatory processes, it is likely that cerebral protein synthesis is required for the cellular alterations which characterize “long-term” memory. a) The proteins whose synthesis might play a role in facilitating the formation of new functional synaptic relationships in the brain could fall into a variety of classes. They could be enzymes which regulate the synthesis of neurotransmitters, receptor proteins, structural proteins, or proteins which direct some specific type of intercellular recognition. Since little is known about all such proteins in the brain, and since the possible candidates which could be critical for the formation of new functional synapses are so great even within each of these classes, a “shot-gun” approach has been taken as a first step in implicating cerebral protein synthesis in the process of formation of long-term memory. This approach is based on the use of inhibitors of cerebral protein synthesis, particularly the cycloheximide class, with which we will be primarily concerned. Although it has not as yet helped to identify the existence of specific proteins or classes of proteins whose synthesis is critical for long-term memory storage, it has been useful in supporting the hypothesis that cerebral protein synthesis is indeed required for this process, and has provided some indication of the time relative to training when this process occurs. Other data which support this hypothesis are reviewed by Agranoff in Chapter 26.
Civility, gender, and gendered nationalism in the age of Trump

Using an original national survey, I examine the impact of gender on attitudes about political civility two years into Donald Trump’s presidency. I find that women have less tolerance for uncivil b...
Microwave-assisted modulation of light emission intensity in alkali-pyrotechnic plumes

Abstract Creating next-generation pyrotechnic emitters capable of dynamically controllable light output requires a paradigm shift away from emission control via formulation. This work demonstrates the ability to modulate light emission intensity of a pyrotechnic flame with 2.46 GHz microwave energy within a multimodal cavity. Stoichiometric mixtures of three pyrotechnic systems are investigated: magnesium fuel with oxidizers of NaNO3, KNO3, or CsNO3. Using time-resolved visible and infrared emission spectroscopy and high-speed color videography, microwave illumination of flames is found to produce enhanced atomic photo emission from the alkali species. Emission increases of up to ~120% are demonstrated, which are predominantly in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths and have little effect on flame emission chromaticity. At near- and mid-IR wavelengths, gray body continuum enhancement is observed with moderate enhanced emission from CO2 and H2O bands. Sustained light emission from microwave illumination of combustion products long after pyrotechnic extinguishment was also demonstrated. A simplified model of microwave-enhanced visible and near-IR emission is presented and shown to be consistent with the observed trend of elevated emission enhancement for lower wavelength alkali transitions. Sensitivity analysis is performed which suggests a lower equilibrium population of electronically excited alkali atoms is primarily responsible for maximizing the degree of light emission enhancement of applied microwave fields, especially in extinguished low-temperature pyrotechnic plumes. These findings suggest microwave illumination of alkali-containing pyrotechnic flames may be a useful strategy to achieve dynamic control of light emission intensity.
Controlled current-rate AC flash sintering of uranium dioxide

Abstract Uranium dioxide (UO2) pellets with controlled microstructures were densified up to 93.4% of their theoretical density in less than 25 minutes at a furnace temperature of 873 K, utilizing controlled current-rate alternating current (AC) flash sintering (FS). Using this AC-FS method it was possible to control the sintering rate and thermal gradients, resulting in dense pellets with no appreciable hourglassing and good mechanical integrity. Moreover, the apparent sintering activation energy for FS and for conventionally sintered samples was estimated to be 108 kJ mol−1 and 380 kJ mol−1, respectively using the master sintering curve method. The apparent activation energy for FS was remarkably close to those reported in the literature for spark plasma sintering of UO2. Both these field assisted sintering methods utilize fast heating rates and electrical effects that are likely enhancing the grain boundary diffusion mechanism. Finally controlled current-rate AC-FS has been demonstrated as a technological advancement, capable of producing ceramic nuclear fuels in a fraction of the conventional processing time.
National Institute of Nursing Research Grant Funding Recipients: Hispanic and Nurses of Color Are Lagging:

Introduction:National Institute of Health (NIH) stated in their strategic plan that a diverse research workforce is an important goal for the advancement of health care science; however, there is l...
The application of binary variables at a choice of the most advantageous entrepreneurial intentions

The paper deals with the mathematical modelling of some requirements that must be fulfilled at a choice of entrepreneurial intentions. The author mathematically formulates some special constraints and various types of the objective function in linear optimization models of entrepreneurial intentions with using binary variables. The improvement of the model technique by means of binary variables is illustrated by a simple concrete exam­ple.
Brain-Computer Interface Driven Functional Electrical Stimulation System for Overground Walking: A Case Report (P3.055)

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine whether individuals with paraplegia due to spinal cord injury (SCI) can operate a brain-computer interface (BCI)-functional electrical stimulation (FES) system for overground walking. BACKGROUND: Decreased physical activity after SCI causes many comorbidities, whose treatments contribute to the bulk of medical care costs. Hence, novel biomechanical solutions to restore ambulation after SCI have been sought. BCI-controlled FES provides a direct connection between the brain and the muscle, and may constitute one such novel approach. DESIGN/METHODS: EEG was recorded for 10 min while subjects with SCI underwent alternating 30 s epochs of idling and attempted walking. These data were analyzed to generate a BCI prediction model that classifies real time EEG into idling or walking. An FES system for overground walking (Parastep) was integrated with a BCI to enable brain-controlled walking and standing. While weight unloaded (ZeroG), subjects operated the BCI-FES system to elicit idling and in-place walking. These actions were instructed by alternating, 30-s-long idling/walking cues for a total of 150 s. Subsequently, subjects used the BCI-FES system to ambulate along a 3.7 m course while being required to make 10 s stops at the halfway mark and the end of the course. RESULTS: One subject with SCI (male, age 26, T6, ASIA B) participated in this study. In the weight unloaded test, the subject achieved a cross-correlation of 0.91 between instructional cues and BCI-FES mediated walking/idling (only one, 1-s long false activation). In the overground gait test, the subject utilized the BCI-FES system to walk the entire course while successfully stopping at each stop for at least 10 s. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that supraspinal gait control signals may be preserved long after SCI. Furthermore, these signals can be harnessed to achieve direct brain control of ambulation with the aid of biomechanical technology. Study Supported by: The National Science Foundation, NSF Award Number 1160200. Disclosure: Dr. King has nothing to disclose. Dr. McCrimmon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chou has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nenadic has nothing to disclose. Dr. Do has nothing to disclose.
Experimental myocardial infarction. V. Reaction to impaired circumflex flow in the presence of established anterior myocardial infarction in intact conscious dogs.

Abstract In dogs with prior occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the effects of occluding or constricting the circumflex coronary artery utilizing implanted balloon cuffs were investigated. The former procedure, carried out several days to weeks in advance of the study, resulted in anterior wall myocardial infarction in all but 1 of the 10 animals studied. Transient total occlusion of the circumflex vessel caused profound and progressive left ventricular decompensation in all animals. The same result was obtained in 1 animal whose circumflex artery was gradually occluded by use of a microflow pump attached to a balloon cuff on the vessel. However, partial occlusion of the circumflex vessel using the balloon devices in 6 other animals resulted in a stable state of left ventricular decompensation for at least 5 minutes. This state was characterized by tachycardia and increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and hypotension and was reversible upon termination of constriction. This method for producing stable left ventricular failure due to coronary insufficiency in intact animals may, with prolonged maintenance of ischemia, cause acute pulmonary edema.
Taking Stock: New Views of American Labor Law Between the World Wars

This symposium originated in a session at the annual meeting of the American Society for Legal History held in Seattle in October 1998. Entitled "Labor, Law, and the State in the Interwar Period," the panel provided four different views of a decisive period in the development of labor law in the United States. In the 1980s the panel's chair, Katherine Van Wezel Stone, and commentator, Christopher L. Tomlins, published works that helped spark a modern revival in the historical study of U.S. labor law.' The authors of the four
Torsional Stiffness of Twisted Wire Cables

In recent work, expressions were presented for the effective modulus of twisted wire cables consisting of a single lay. Results showed that axial load is nonlinear function of axial strain. However, the nonlinearity is quite small, and for most practical cases axial load can be treated as a linear function of axial strain. It is the purpose of this note to investigate the torsional stiffness of a single-lay wire cable and to determine how torsional stiffness varies with axial load and rotation of the cable. Since an actual cable or wire rope is composed of strands that are, generally speaking, single-lay wire cables, it is felt that a general theory of cables would require the torsional stiffness of each individual strand.
The Idiocy of Policy: The Anti-Democratic Curriculum of High-Stakes Testing

Making use of the body of literature outlining the various controlling aspects of high-stakes testing on classroom practice, the analysis presented here finds that vertical hierarchies are both established and maintained through the top-down structure of education policies in the United States, as exemplified by the No Child Left Behind Act. By looking at the effects of such policies through Parker’s (2005) discussion of key aspects of democratic education, this article finds that educational policies based upon systems of high-stakes, standardized testing represent a curriculum that teaches anti-democracy.