cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P14-01. Care and treatment for volunteers in IAVI-sponsored HIV vaccine clinical trials in India.

Results CT guidelines formulated and implemented in clinical trials include the following provisions: for volunteer with adverse events or disabilities due to vaccination, provision of comprehensive care, diagnosis and treatment without charge; for volunteer becoming HIV-infected during the trial, IAVI ensures access to free anti-retroviral therapy (as per national guidelines) for 5 years after treatment initiation, unless free of charge from other sources. Volunteers HIV-infected at screening are referred to reliable HIV treatment centers. As personal medical insurance is uncommon, volunteers are provided with medical insurance for vaccine-unrelated medical events for duration of trial period. The trial centers provide free of cost consultations, diagnostic tests, contraceptives and medicines for common ailments whose annual cost is estimated to $1960. Cost for insurance is $60/volunteer/year. IAVI maintains global insurance policy which provides uniform liability coverage for volunteers injured through participation in global clinical trials.
Enhanced harmonic response of an interdigital surface acoustic wave transducer

We describe a surface acoustic wave interdigital transducer designed to display enhanced response at harmonics of its fundamental operating frequency. The performance of the transducer compares well with predictions based on a simple model.
A review of key research design and statistical analysis issues

This article highlights some basic principles of the design and use of statistical tests, using a minimum of mathematics or statistical jargon. It is not the intent to summarize all the possible details involved with performing these tests, but instead to offer insight into evaluating the statistical methods found in published articles. Historically, the number of scientific articles published in which inappropriate statistical analyses were performed is alarming. Only when the reader understands the problem and demands change will this situation improve. The consequence of inaction is to be mired with an array of poorly designed articles that, at the very least, do not advance the field of study and, at worse, may influence practitioners not well versed in statistics to expose patients to useless, unnecessary, or even harmful procedures.
Inhibition and activation of fat cell adenylate cyclase by GTP is mediated by structures of different size

Abstract The adenylate cyclase system in the plasma membrane of fat cells contains regulatory components that either stimulate or inhibit activity in response to ligands acting at the cell surface. GTP is required for both the stimulation by various hormones (catecholamines and peptide hormones) and the inhibition by adenosine. We have analyzed the effects of high-energy radiation on the stimulatory and inhibitory processes and conclude that these processes are mediated by structures of different functional size. Moreover, the fat cell cyclase system, when analyzed under conditions in which the inhibitory action of GTP is minimally expressed, displays targets of the same size as those previously observed for those involved in the activation of the hepatic enzyme by glucagon and guanine nucleotides ( W. Schlegel, E. S. Kempner, and M. Rodbell, 1979 , J. Biol. Chem.254, 5168–5176). These findings extend our recent evidence for the nonidentity of the two GTP-mediated processes ( D. M. F. Cooper, W. Schlegel, M. C. Lin, and M. Rodbell, 1979 , J. Biol. Chem.254, 8927–8931).
Bone conduction evaluation related to mastoid surgery

The bone conduction threshold changes of 97 patients (100 ears) who underwent mastoid surgery were determined by comparing the last preoperative audiogram with the 1 year postoperative audiogram. Three types of mastoid surgery were evaluated: Radical mastoidectomy, modified radical mastoidectomy, and intact wall atticomastoidectomy. The average three speech frequency preoperative bone conduction threshold was 17.4 dB (S.D. 11.5) in the radical mastoidectomy group, 10.1 dB (S.D. 9.6) in the modified radical mastoidectomy group, and 10.7 dB (S.D. 8) in the intact wall atticomastoidectomy group. The difference between the average three speech frequency preoperative bone conduction threshold of the radical mastoidectomy group differed significantly when compared to the modified radical mastoidectomy or intact wall atticomastoidectomy group. The postoperative average three speech frequency bone conduction threshold did not change significantly following the three surgical procedures evaluated.
Reduced complexity two-stage approximate sorting Fixed Complexity Sphere Decoder with real-valued lattice formulation for MIMO system

This paper presents a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) decoder which combines fixed complexity sphere decoder (FSD) algorithm with a new real-valued lattice formulation to simultaneously improve the throughput, bit error rate (BER), complexity and power. A pair-wise sorted QR decomposition (P-SQRD) approach is also introduced to enhance the lattice searching efficiency and BER while preserving important characteristics of the real-valued lattice structure. Two-stage approximate sorting scheme with minimum data swapping is adopted to intelligently trade-off the number of paths to be visited at each lattice level and further reduce complexity and power. The proposed MIMO decoding algorithm achieves 20% reduction in the overall complexity compared to the other constant throughput SDs [3]-[4] for a 4times4 MIMO system with only minor BER degradation.
The enhancement of asymmetry effects in NMR by intermolecular hydrogen bonding

Abstract The doubling of the NMR signals of the isopropyl methyl protons in 2,4-dichlorophenyl methyl isopropylphosphoramidate has been shown to be due to a difference in chemical shift of the two methyl groups. This difference is ascribed to a steric hindrance to rotation about the N-C bond which enhances the inherent nonequivalence due to molecular asymmetry. Studies of the changes in chemical shift difference with changes in temperature, concentration and solvent show the steric hindrance to be due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The NMR data are correlated with infrared spectra of the phosphoramidate obtained under similar conditions; these spectra support the hydrogen bonding hypothesis. Possible hydrogenbonded species are discussed.
The effect of Grobiotic-P combined with yeast cell wall and gluconic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks

Two experiments were conducted with New Hampshire x Columbian chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet to examine the efficacy of varying levels and combinations of Grobiotic P (GB), a prebiotic-type product that contains dairy and yeast fractions and dried fermentation extracts, gluconic acid, and yeast cell wall (YCW) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbial populations. In experiment 1, chicks were allowed ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 2 or 4% GB, 1.5 or 3% gluconic acid, 0.2% YCW, or various 2-way combinations of the supplements in place of dextrose and arenaceous flour. In experiment 2, the same supplement combinations were used as in experiment 1; however, the 3% gluconic acid supplement was eliminated. In both experiments, supplementing GB, YCW, or 1.5% gluconic acid to the diet had no consistent effect on growth performance except that the weight gain was depressed (P < 0.05) when the chicks were fed a diet containing 3% gluconic acid. Chicks fed diets containing 2 or 4% GB combinations showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in ME(n) at 21 d when compared with chicks fed the basal diet. For amino acid (AA) digestibility, 2% GB combined with 0.2% YCW or 1.5% gluconic acid resulted in a reduction (P < 0.05) in AA digestibility at 7 d; however, at 21 d, these combinations increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of all AA. There was no consistent effect of dietary treatment on cecal bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, or Clostridium perfringens populations or cecal pH. These experiments indicated that diets containing GB generally increased ME(n) and AA digestibility at 21 d and that the prebiotic combinations had no consistent effects on cecal microbial populations.
Dynamics in Synthetic oligonucleotides. A Solid-state Deuterium NMR Study

Solid-state 2H NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate dynamics in the (methyl-2H)thymidine-labeled oligonucleotide (d(CGCGAAT*T*CGCG))2. Quadrupole echo line shapes, spin-lattice relaxation, and quadrupolar echo decay rates were investigated as a function of hydration W (moles of water/moles of nucleotide) between 0 and approximately 30. The amplitude of the base motion, modeled as a fast four-site libration, or diffusion in a cone, increased slightly with higher levels of hydration. A slower component of motion about the helix axis appears at W approximately 10 and increases in rate and amplitude, leading to the intermediate rate line shape observed at W approximately 21.
A simple model for debris clouds produced by hypervelocity particle impact

Abstract A simple debris cloud model is developed by considering the one dimensional shock wave motion in the material together with the catastrophic fragmentation theory by Grady. The model provides a simple method for calculating the velocities at the outer perimeter of the cloud and the average particle size in the cloud.
Determination of optimal feedback terminal controllers for general boundary conditions using generating functions

Given a nonlinear system and a performance index to be minimized, we present a general approach to expressing the finite time optimal feedback control law applicable to different types of boundary conditions. Starting from the necessary conditions for optimality represented by a Hamiltonian system, we solve the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a generating function for a specific canonical transformation. This enables us to obtain the optimal feedback control for fundamentally different sets of boundary conditions only using a series of algebraic manipulations and partial differentiations. Furthermore, the proposed approach reveals an insight that the optimal cost functions for a given dynamical system can be decomposed into a single generating function that is only a function of the dynamics plus a term representing the boundary conditions. This result is formalized as a theorem. The whole procedure provides an advantage over methods rooted in dynamic programming, which require one to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation repetitively for each type of boundary condition. The cost of this favorable versatility is doubling the dimension of the partial differential equation to be solved.
TOMM40 Poly-T Length Variant and Age-At-Onset in Familial AD Caused by PSEN1 and PSEN2 Mutation

overexpressed in LCL fromDS individuals. SYNJ1 gene codes for the phosphoinositide phosphatase synaptojanin 1 protein, a key regulator of the signalling phospholipids phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate [PtdIns (4,5) P2]. PtdIns (4,5)P2 has been shown to interact with clathrin coated pits and to regulate endocytosis. Finally, we demonstrate that synaptojanin 1 overexpression by itself, in neuroblastoma cells and TgSYNJ1 mice, leads to the enlargement of early endosomes.
Measurements of dielectric constant and quality factor of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 at X band frequencies

Abstract Dielectric properties of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 in forms of ceramic, single crystal fiber, and polyethylene composite at microwave frequencies were measured. The dielectric constants 23.33, 24.30, and 26.50 and the quality factors 8,050, 6,430, and larger than 2,000 at 10 GHz were measured for the ceramic, hot pressed ceramic and the fiber respectively. The powder was studied by forming composites of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 -Polyethylene. It is found that the experimental dielectric constant values at X band frequencies fit reasonably well to the logarithmic mixture rule. A newly reported mixing equation by Wakino et al. was studied by comparing with our experimental results.
Expression and purification of the membrane enzyme selenoprotein K

Selenoprotein K (SelK) is a membrane protein residing in the endoplasmic reticulum. The function of SelK is mostly unknown; however, it has been shown to participate in anti-oxidant defense, calcium regulation and in the endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. In order to study the function of SelK and the role of selenocysteine in catalysis, we have tested heterologous expression of human SelK in E. coli. Consequently, we have developed an over-expression strategy that exploits the maltose binding protein as a fusion partner to stabilize and solubilize SelK. The fusion partner can be cleaved from SelK in the presence of a variety of detergents compatible with structural characterization and the protein purified to homogeneity. SelK acquires a helical secondary structure in detergent micelles, even though it was predicted to be an intrinsically disordered protein due to its high percentage of polar residues. The same strategy was successfully applied to preparation of SelK binding partner - selenoprotein S (SelS). Hence, this heterologous expression and purification strategy can be applied to other members of the membrane enzyme family to which SelK belongs.
Hydrophenylation of ethylene using a cationic Ru(II) catalyst: comparison to a neutral Ru(II) catalyst

Charge neutral Ru(II) complexes of the type TpRu(L)(NCMe)Ph [Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate; L = CO, PMe3, P(OCH2)3CEt or P(OCH2)2(OCCH3)] have been previously reported to catalyze the hydrophenylation of ethylene (Organometallics, 2012, 31, 6851–6860). However, catalyst longevity for the TpRu(L)(NCMe)Ph complexes is inhibited by competitive ethylene C–H activation. For example, ethylene C–H activation limits catalysis using TpRu(P(OCH2)3CEt)(NCMe)Ph to a maximum of 20 turnover numbers for conversion of benzene and ethylene to ethylbenzene. In contrast, reaction of the cationic Ru(II) complex [(HC(pz5)3)Ru(P(OCH2)3CEt)(NCMe)Ph][BAr′4] [HC(pz5)3 = tris(5-methyl-pyrazolyl)methane; BAr′4 = tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate] (0.025 mol% relative to benzene) in benzene with C2H4 (15 psi) at 90 °C gives 565 turnover numbers of ethylbenzene after 131 hours. The production of 565 turnovers of ethylbenzene corresponds to an approximate one-pass 95% yield with ethylene is the limiting reagent and is a 28-fold improvement compared to the charge neutral catalyst TpRu(P(OCH2)3CEt)(NCMe)Ph. Under identical conditions, the activity of [(HC(pz5)3)Ru(P(OCH2)3CEt)(NCMe)Ph][BAr′4] is only 1.3 times less than TpRu(P(OCH2)3CEt)(NCMe)Ph, but the increased stability of the cationic Ru(II) catalyst allows reactivity at much higher temperatures (up to 175 °C) and significantly enhanced rates.
Will video be the next generation of e-commerce product reviews? Presentation format and the role of product type

Researchers have systematically investigated the influence of online reviews on consumer perceptions and decisions to purchase products, but hitherto have not attended to the presentation format. Increasingly, video reviews are making their way into various websites, and their impact on consumer perceptions is not yet known. While prior research has investigated the impact of video presentation of vendor supplied product information, the effects of video presentation formats of online reviews posted by consumers, in relation to other commonly used formats such as text, are not known. The conditions of effectiveness of these presentation formats should also to be investigated so that guidelines for appropriate use can be developed. Hence, in this study, using theoretical foundations anchored on elaboration likelihood model and cognitive fit theory, we conducted a laboratory experiment comparing the impact of online reviews displayed in three presentation formats-text, image, and video-on three products-a digital camera, backpack, and videogame.We find that the presentation format of online reviews has a substantive and nuanced impact on consumer perceptions. Product type significantly moderates the effect of presentation format on consumer perceptions. Highlighting the role of presentation format and product type, our findings indicate that more research on presentation format is warranted, and vendors should make efforts to manage the presentation of online reviews. We discuss these findings, and theoretical and practical implications of the study. New video formats of online reviews are useful and influence consumer perceptions in a very nuanced wayProduct types play an important role, and moderate the effect of presentation formatsVideo formats may even change consumers perception of product typeAn Information Technology (IT) feature of online reviews -presentation format - is critical.Presentation formats should be managed, because they impact consumer's perception and intentions to purchase the product.
Thermal Noise in Amplitude Comparison Monopulse Systems

In this paper we consider the problem of estimation of angle of arrival in an Amplitude Comparison Monopulse antenna arrangement with the explicit inclusion of internally generated thermal, i.e., receiver, noise as an interference to the desired measurement. A pulsed type radar is assumed, and an ideal (i.e., point) radar target is postulated. This latter restriction is made so that consideration of the effects of target scintillation, glint, or other external random phenomena can be excluded from our treatment of the problem. In this context, a maximum likelihood analysis is made to determine the form of the estimate of angle of arrival, and the probability density function (pdf) of this quantity is computed. The form of the estimate is found to be a ratio of Gaussian variables quite like that used in conventional monopulse signal processing. The pdf obtained for the estimate is believed to be new, and it serves to emphasize the bias and indeterminate variance effects associated with this type of nonlinear signal processing. Some useful approximations to the pdf are discussed, and a unit of precision for the estimate is defined.
Carcinosarcoma of the ovary compared to papillary serous ovarian carcinoma: A SEER analysis

Abstract Objective The aims of this study are to determine if outcomes of patients with ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) differ from women with high grade papillary serous ovarian carcinoma when compared by stage as well as to identify any associated clinico-pathologic factors. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program data for all 18 registries from 1998 to 2009 was reviewed to identify women with OCS and high grade papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary. Demographic and clinical data were compared, and the impact of tumor histology on survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Factors predictive of outcome were compared using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results The final study group consisted of 14,753 women. 1334 (9.04%) had OCS and 13,419 (90.96%) had high grade papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary. Overall, women with OCS had a worse five-year, disease specific survival rate, 28.2% vs. 38.4% (P Conclusions OCS is associated with a poor prognosis compared to high grade papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary. This difference was noted across all FIGO stages.
Picture, Ornament, and Periodicity in Attic Geometric Vase-Painting

The way in which abstract and figural decoration on Attic Geometric vases interacted offers a clue to larger principles underlying their development. On the basis of these principles one can recognize a recurrent (periodic) pattern within the periods called in current practice Early, Middle, and Late Geometric. This throws a new light on the creativity of largely anonymous artists in that certain choices they made at each of several recognizable stages led to a specifically Attic achievement: a dynamic relationship of body and neck decoration combined with a means of concentrating attention on desired segments of decoration whether abstract or figural.
Do you trust derivatives or differences

We analyze the relationship between the noise level of a function and the accuracy and reliability of derivatives and difference estimates. We derive and empirically validate measures of quality for both derivatives and difference estimates. Using these measures, we quantify the accuracy of derivatives and differences in terms of the noise level of the function. An interesting observation based on these results is that the derivative of a function is not likely to have working precision accuracy for functions with modest levels of noise.
Turnaround command effects on USB and SGLS satellite downlinks

Many satellites using commercial off-the-shelf USB and SGLS transponders such as the L3-Com CXS 2000 do not have turnaround command (TAC) suppression in their downlinks. Without TAC suppression, these satellites exhibit greater downlink service modulation losses for carrier, ranging, and telemetry. Depending on the selected uplink command modulation index and the turnaround ratio, these additional modulation losses could vary from 0.1 dB to 3 dB (for command mod indices less than 1 radian). They are due to the allocation of downlink power to the TAC, and partly to an increase in intermodulation (IM) power. For an uplink command modulation index of 0.3 radians, our calculations for both USB and SGLS signals show that the loss of downlink power to TAC and IM is less than 10%. However, when the uplink command modulation index is increased to a nominal operating value of 1.0 radian, the loss of downlink service power to TAC and IM becomes 40%. This large loss of downlink power to the TAC and IM increases the modulation losses for other downlink services, which could result in denial of services such as telemetry and ranging to ground users with small antennas. This paper shows that suppression of turnaround command will result in lower TAC and IM losses, which will in turn improve downlink services with higher link margins. These more robust downlink margins permit the use of a smaller and cheaper high-power amplifier (HPA) in the satellite transmitter12.
Effect of ACTH on distribution of plasma proteins of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Summary1. Albumin level and A/G ratio of pulmonary tuberculosis patients are reduced from normal value. 2. Levels of gamma globulin, fibrinogen, and alpha 1 globulin are considerably higher than those of normal individuals. 3. ACTH depresses the gamma globulin and fibrinogen, and raises the albumin values and A/G ratio toward normal levels. Gamma globulin is less susceptible to immediate changes than the latter two components. 4. Cessation or reduction of ACTH therapy brought about a reversion of protein fractions to values similar to those noted in control samples. 5. Values for alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta globulins appeared to be variable under the influence of ACTH.
Response to unexpected target changes during sustained visual tracking in schizophrenic patients.

Background: Evidence supports an association between liability to schizophrenia and smooth-pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormalities. Knowledge of the biological mechanisms of SPEM abnormalities may provide critical insights into the etiology of schizophrenia. SPEM is elicited by sensory motor information from the movement of the object’s image on the retina (retinal motion signal) and subsequent extraretinal motion signals. Previous studies suggest that a deficit in predictive responses to extraretinal motion signals may underlie the SPEM phenotype in schizophrenia. Data suggest that at-risk individuals for schizophrenia depend less on extraretinal and more on retinal motion signals to maintain pursuit than healthy individuals. Methods: We designed a pursuit task that employs unexpected changes in target direction during smooth pursuit. The unpredictable task is unique in that performance is expected to be better if the subject’s response is biased towards retinal motion. Results: The study included 23 schizophrenia patients and 22 normal controls. Results showed that schizophrenia patients showed significantly superior performance (i.e. higher smooth pursuit gain) for a brief period after an unexpected change in target direction compared with healthy subjects. Conclusion: Findings of superior performance by schizophrenic patients are interesting because they circumvent confounds of generalized deficits. These results provide further evidence of specific deficit in the predictive pursuit mechanism and over-reliance on retinal error signals to maintain pursuit in schizophrenia.
Structure, Stability, and Rupture of Free and Supported Liquid Films and Assemblies in Molecular Simulations

Attractive interactions between molecules lead to formation of the liquid phase at sufficiently low temperatures. In the absence of external fields or containers, liquids assume the shape of spherical drops, which minimize their surface area. In systems with 3-D periodic boundary conditions (PBCs), which are routinely employed in molecular simulations, alternate configurations can be stable depending on the extent of the system. The stability of a variety of structures under 3-D PBCs originates from the underlying variation of free energy with density as shown elegantly by MacDowell and co-workers (MacDowell, L. G.; Shen, V. K.; Errington, J. R. J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 125, 3.). Here we present analysis of extensive Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations of Lennard-Jones and water fluids to calculate free energy and explore the phase diagram that governs formation of different liquid assemblies. We also study metastability of different shapes and their interconversions by systematically initializing ...
The half-plane pull-in range of a second-order phase-locked loop

Abstract The pull-in range Ω p of a second-order, Type I phase-locked loop (PLL) is defined as the maximum value of loop detuning ωos for which pull-in occurs from anywhere on the PLL's phase plane. That is, pull-in is guaranteed from anywhere on the phase plane if |ω os | p . Simple approximations are available for computing Ω p . The concept is expanded here, and a definition is given for the PLL's half-plane pull-in range Ω 2 . Simply stated, pull-in is guaranteed from anywhere on the phase plane's lower-half if 0 os 2 . Unlike the parameter Ω p , a simple approximation for Ω 2 is not available. However, a Galerkin based algorithm is presented for computing the PLL's half-plane pull-in range Ω 2 , and it is applied to a simple example.
Investigating the Validity of Math Word Problems for English Language Learners with DIF

When testing English language learners (ELLs) in subject matter areas, construct irrelevant variance could result from English, the language in which the test is presented. Differential item functioning (DIF) techniques have been used to determine if items are operating differently for population subgroups and might therefore be appropriate for such an investigation. In the study presented here, ELL and non-ELL 8th-grade students' scores on National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) math word problems were compared. After the non-ELLs were found to outperform the ELLs, two independent techniques for detecting DIF—an item response theory approach and the Mantel-Haenszel approach—were employed to determine if a plausible explanation for the score difference could be attributed to DIF against ELLs. The results showed that only 1 of 10 original NAEP items and none of 10 linguistically simplified items were found to exhibit DIF against ELLs, suggesting that the score difference between the groups could...
Seabird nest counts: a test of monitoring metrics using Red-tailed Tropicbirds

Counts of nesting birds are often used to monitor the abundance of breeding pairs at colonies. Mean incubation counts (MICs) are counts of nests with eggs at intervals that correspond to the mean incubation period of a species. The sum of all counts during the nesting season (MICtotal) and the highest single count during the season (MICmax) are metrics that can be generated from this method. However, the utility of these metrics as measures of the number of breeding pairs has not been well tested. We used two approaches to evaluate the bias and precision of MIC metrics for quantifying annual variation in the number of breeding Red-tailed Tropicbirds {Phaethon rubricaudd) nesting on two islands in the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument in the northwest Hawaiian Islands. First, we used data from nest plots with individually marked birds to generate simulated MIC metrics that we compared to the known number of nesting individuals. The MICtotaj overestimated the number of pairs by about 5%, whereas the MICmax underestimated the number of pairs by about 60%. However, both metrics exhibited similar precision. Second, we used a 12-yr time series of island-wide MICs to compare estimates of temporal trend and annual variation using the MICmax and MICtotai. The 95% confidence intervals for the trend estimates were overlapping and the residual standard errors for the two metrics were similar. Our results suggest that both metrics offered similar precision for indices of breeding pairs of Red-tailed Tropicbirds, but that MICtota) was more accurate.
Surface diffusion and substrate-nanowire adatom exchange in InAs nanowire growth.

We report new fundamental insights into InAs nanowire (NW) nucleation and evolution on InAs (111)B surfaces using organometallic vapor phase epitaxy and present the first experimental demonstration of two distinct NW growth regimes, defined by the direction of substrate−NW adatom exchange, that lead to nonlinear growth rates. We show that the NW elongation rate and morphology in these two growth regimes are governed by the relative difference between the In adatom diffusion lengths on the growth substrate surface and on the NW sidewalls, resulting in strong growth rate dependence on the NW length. These results indicate that surface solid−phase diffusion of In adatoms is a key process in InAs NW growth, which is also supported by diameter-dependent growth rates. These developments enable rational growth of axial and radial NW heterostructures.
Paralyzed diaphragm—Effect of plication on respiratory mechanics

Abstract The results of this experiment indicate that mediolateral plication of the paralyzed diaphragm improves vital capacity and maximum breathing capacity up to 4 wk postoperative. Although the respiratory mechanics in plicated animals never returned to preoperative control levels, there was a statistically significant improvement over animals without plication. One patient is reported that underwent this procedure.
Biostatistical Data Acquisition in the Menhaden Fisheries

Abstract Methods of recording and processing data from collections of Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and Gulf menhaden (B. patronus) from commercial menhaden landings are described. Keys to efficient data handling are (1) a system of two data cards and (2) a code system for information about the sampled fish. The data are stored on magnetic tape and can be displayed in many useful arrays by a number of computer programs written in American Standard Cobol for the IBM 360 (Model 65).
Naturally occurring variation in the inducibility of pisatin demethylating activity in Nectria haematococca mating population VI

Abstract Fifty-nine field isolates of Nectria haematococca mating population VI, all of which were able to demethylate pisatin, were assayed for the rate of demethylation over a short time interval after a prior treatment with pisatin. Isolates showed a continuous gradation in their demethylation rates, but all isolates highly virulent on pea demonstrated a measurable rate of pisatin demethylation in response to pisatin. This suggested that regulatory control of pisatin demethylation in N. haematococca might influence the virulence of this organism on pea. An attempt to identify further differences in regulatory phenotypes, based on differential induction of pisatin demethylating activity by pisatin versus 6-methoxy-1-tetralone (a known inducer of pisatin demethylation), was unsuccessful. However, the time course of pisatin demethylation by freshly harvested mycelium in the absence of a previous pisatin treatment did differ among the isolates tested. The length of the lag period before initiation of pisatin demethylation might be used as an additional parameter to distinguish different regulatory phenotypes in N. haematococca.
The Low Pressure Gas Effects On The Potency Of An Electron Beam On Ceramic Fabric Materials For Space Welding

This investigation was undertaken to evaluate if molten metal or electron beam impingement could damage or burn through the fabric of the astronauts Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) during electron beam welding exercises performed in space. An 8 kilovolt electron beam with a current in the neighborhood of 100 milliamps from the Ukrainian space welding "Universal Hand Tool" burned holes in Nextel AF-62 ceramic cloth designed to withstand temperatures up to 1427 C. The burnthrough time was on the order of 8 seconds at standoff distances between UHT and cloth ranging from 6 to 24 inches. At both closer (2") and farther (48") standoff distances the potency of the beam against the cloth declined and the burnthrough time went up significantly. Prior to the test it had been expected that the beam would lay down a static charge on the cloth and be deflected without damaging the cloth. The burnthrough is thought to be an effect of partial transmission of beam power by a stream of positive ions generated by the high voltage electron beam from contaminant gas in the "vacuum" chamber. A rough quantitative theoretical computation appears to substantiate this possibility.
Low Protein Diets for Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Raised in Earthen Ponds at High Density1

This study was conducted to evaluate the use of low protein diets for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus raised in earthen ponds at high density. Fingerling channel catfish were stocked into 0.04-ha earthen ponds at a rate 24,700 fish/ha and fed experimental diets daily to satiation from April to October 1995. The five diets contained either 32, 28, 24, 20, or 16% crude protein with digestible energy to protein (DE:P) ratios ranging from 8.9 to 16.2 kcal/ g protein. Weight gain was not different among channel catfish fed diets containing 32, 28, or 24% crude protein. Fish fed diets containing 20% or 16% crude protein gained less weight than fish fed the diets containing 28% or 24% crude protein, but not statistically less than the fish fed the 32% crude protein diet. Feed consumption data followed similar trends as weight gain data. Feed conversion ratio increased linearly as dietary protein decreased, but was not significantly different (multiple range test) for fish fed diets containing either 32% or 28% crude protein. There were no differences in survival and hematocrit of fish fed the different diets. No differences (multiple range test) were observed in dressout percentages for fish fed the various diets, but dressout percentage tended to decrease linearly as dietary protein decreased. Visceral fat and fillet fat increased and fillet protein and moisture decreased linearly as dietary protein decreased. Results from this study indicated that dietary protein concentrations as low as 24% are adequate for maximum weight gain of pond-raised channel catfish fed daily to satiation. Fish fed dietary protein levels below 24% grew relatively well, particularly considering that dietary protein was reduced 40–50% below that typically used in commercial channel catfish feeds. However, dietary protein levels below 24% may increase fattiness to an unacceptable level presumably because of the high digestible energy to protein ratio.
Nonradiative yields and rate constants from time-resolved opto-acoustic spectroscopy: Theory

Abstract A new approach to the study of excited state radiationless processes in large molecules in the vapor phase is proposed. The basis of the approach is the optoacoustic effect: the generation of pressure fluctuations in a sample upon absorption of pulsed optical energy. A set of heat flow equations governing this effect has been constructed and solved under certain restrictions. This general solution is examined in detail for excitation into a vibrational level of the lowest triplet state. A method is presented for the extraction of important lifetime and nonradiative yield parameters from the expected time-resolved pressure signal. Finally, it is shown that both radial and longitudinal acoustic wave oscillations may be superimposed on the gross exponential pressure rise.
Echocardiographic Patterns in Scleroderma

The echocardiograms of two patients with sclerodermatous cardiac disease are described. In one patient the pattern was that of a congestive cardiomyopathy with ventricular dilatation and reduced wall motion. In the second patient the pattern was that of an infiltrative cardiomyopathy with thickened walls and reduced wall motion in the absence of ventricular dilatation. Echocardiographic studies are useful in the early detection of pericardial involvement and primary or secondary myocardial involvement by scleroderma and in following the progression of the disease process.
Assessing the impact of service-learning on first-year engineering students' understanding of human-centered design

This paper represents an update of a three stage research project that culminates in investigating the impact of the service-learning pedagogy on students understanding of human-centered design. The first two stages of the project were disseminated in previously published papers where we discussed the discovery of distinct ways in which students experience human-centered design, along with another published paper discussing the development of an assessment task that would expose and capture students' understanding of human-centered design.
Curriculum 1984: Meeting the needs of the information age

Resultats d'une enquete menee a la fois aupres des dirigeants d'entreprises et des universitaires du secteur de l'information (science de l'information et informatique) afin d'evaluer quelles sont les unites de valeur qu'ils estiment les plus necessaires dans le cursus d'un etudiant
Quasi fast Hankel transform.

We outline here a new algorithm for evaluating Hankel (Fourier–Bessel) transforms numerically with enhanced speed, accuracy, and efficiency. A nonlinear change of variables is used to convert the one-sided Hankel transform integral into a two-sided cross-correlation integral. This correlation integral is then evaluated on a discrete sampled basis using fast Fourier transforms. The new algorithm offers advantages in speed and substantial advantages in storage requirements over conventional methods for evaluating Hankel transforms with large numbers of points.
Has the Chinese family planning policy been successful in changing fertility preferences

Has China’s strict one-child policy been successful in changing fertility preferences? Using linked data from surveys conducted in four counties of northern China in 1991 and 1994, we compare reproductive behavior against prior fertility preferences and show when and where women change from wanting to not wanting more children. The acceptance of policy-sanctioned family size follows a development gradient and reflects the degree of enforcement. High acceptance occurs in the most urban, industrialized county and in the county with the most rigid family planning policy. Acceptance is weaker among women living in the poorest county and in the county where enforcement is most lenient.
Fast and accurate estimation of principal curvatures and directions for morphable models

Recent systems for 3D recognition and rendering have made use of principal curvatures and directions to express local surface shape variation independent of position or parameterization. These descriptors of the directions in which a surface bends and the degree to which this bending occurs are the basis for algorithms in such widely-varying applications as non-photorealistic rendering and surface smoothing or remeshing. Despite these promising applications, no single method for computing curvature on polyhedral meshes has been developed for use in all situations; some examples of past algorithms include [Goldfeather and Interrante 2004; Meyer et al. 2003]. In general, algorithms that compute principal curvatures and directions forego accuracy for speed or vice versa.
Kennedy's Disease PHOSPHORYLATION OF THE POLYGLUTAMINE-EXPANDED FORM OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR REGULATES ITS CLEVAGE BY CASPASE-3 AND ENHANCES CELL DEATH

X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is a degenerative disease affecting motor neurons that is caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion within the androgen receptor (AR). The polyQ-expanded form of AR is cytotoxic to cells, and proteolytic cleavage enhances cell death. The intracellular signaling pathways activated and/or required for cell death induced by the expanded form of AR (AR112) are unknown. We found that AR regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathways and, therefore, hypothesized that these pathway(s) may be required for AR112-induced cell death. The polyQ expansion in AR activates three MAP kinase pathways, causing increasing levels of phosphorylation of p44/42, p38, and SAPK/JNK MAP kinase. Inhibitors of either the JNK or p38 pathways had no effect on AR112-induced cell death, suggesting they are not required for polyQ-induced cell death. Strikingly, the MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, which selectively inhibits the p44/42 MAP kinase pathway, reduces AR112-stimulated cell death. The inhibition of the MEK1/2 pathway correlates directly with a change in phosphorylation state of the androgen receptor. Mutation of the MAP kinase consensus phosphorylation site in AR at serine 514 blocked AR-induced cell death and the generation of caspase-3-derived cleavage products. We propose a mechanism by which phosphorylation at serine 514 of AR enhances the ability of caspase-3 to cleave AR and generate cytotoxic polyQ fragments.
Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of TaOn- (n = 1–3)

Abstract Negative ion photoelectron spectra of TaO n - , n = 1–3 are reported. By comparing this data to previous theoretical and experimental studies, the photodetachment transitions in the spectra of TaO − and TaO 2 - were assigned. As a result, the adiabatic electron affinities of TaO and TaO 2 were determined to be 1.07 ± 0.06 eV and 2.40 ± 0.06 eV, respectively. Additionally, the dissociation energy of the TaO − anion was determined to be 7.91 ± 0.19 eV. Similarities and dissimilarities of TaO − vs. VO − , TaO 2 - vs. VO 2 - , and TaO 3 - vs. VO 3 - are discussed.
Hemodynamic effects of intravenous prostacyclin in stable angina pectoris

Abstract Prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) is a naturally occurring vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation that produces vasodilatation of the systemic, pulmonary and coronary vascular beds in animal models. Because the endogenous production of PGI 2 is reduced in those with coronary arterial disease (CAD), it may have a therapeutic role in patients with ischemic heart disease. To assess its safety and efficacy in this clinical setting, 17 patients with stable angina and CAD received an incremental intravenous infusion of either PGI 2 (n = 10) to a maximum dose of 10 ng/kg/min (average 9.8 ± 0.8 [mean ± standard deviation]), or diluent buffer solution (placebo) (n = 7). All patients who received PGI 2 became flushed, but experienced no other adverse effects. PGI 2 caused an increase in heart rate (66 ± 11 to 80 ± 11 beats/min, p 2 , p 2 , mean coronary sinus blood flow did not change significantly (100 ± 40 to 121 ± 52 ml/min), but coronary vascular resistance decreased (1.07 ± 0.40 to 0.83 ± 0.36 U, p 2 caused a marked increase in 6-keto PGF 1α (the stable metabolite of PGI 2 ) concentrations in both arterial (42 ± 29 to 567 ± 216 pg/ml, p 2 to a dosage of 10 ng/kg/min is a safe and effective systemic, pulmonary and coronary arterial vasodilator in patients with CAD and stable angina pectoris.
Extraction and comparison of gene expression patterns from 2D RNA in situ hybridization images

Motivation: Recent advancements in high-throughput imaging have created new large datasets with tens of thousands of gene expression images. Methods for capturing these spatial and/or temporal expression patterns include in situ hybridization or fluorescent reporter constructs or tags, and results are still frequently assessed by subjective qualitative comparisons. In order to deal with available large datasets, fully automated analysis methods must be developed to properly normalize and model spatial expression patterns. Results: We have developed image segmentation and registration methods to identify and extract spatial gene expression patterns from RNA in situ hybridization experiments of Drosophila embryos. These methods allow us to normalize and extract expression information for 78 621 images from 3724 genes across six time stages. The similarity between gene expression patterns is computed using four scoring metrics: mean squared error, Haar wavelet distance, mutual information and spatial mutual information (SMI). We additionally propose a strategy to calculate the significance of the similarity between two expression images, by generating surrogate datasets with similar spatial expression patterns using a Monte Carlo swap sampler. On data from an early development time stage, we show that SMI provides the most biologically relevant metric of comparison, and that our significance testing generalizes metrics to achieve similar performance. We exemplify the application of spatial metrics on the well-known Drosophila segmentation network. Availability: A Java webstart application to register and compare patterns, as well as all source code, are available from: http://tools.genome.duke.edu/generegulation/image_analysis/insitu Contact: uwe.ohler@duke.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Outcome of the Modified Broström Procedure for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability Using Suture Anchors

The modified Brostrom procedure is an anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments. The present study evaluated twenty-two patients (mean age = 27.2 years) with chronic lateral ankle instability who underwent surgical repair of their lateral ankle ligaments using suture anchors as part of the modified Brostrom procedure. All surgeries were performed by the senior author (AK) on an outpatient basis. At a mean follow-up of 34.5 months (minimum of 18 months), twenty patients (91%) reported a good or excellent functional outcome as assessed by the Karlsson and Peterson ankle function scoring scale. One patient developed a superficial wound infection post-operatively that was eradicated with a course of oral antibiotics. Sixteen of the twenty-two patients were available for follow-up physical examination and stress radiographs. Fourteen of the sixteen patients had no evidence of instability on physical examination or on stress radiographs. One patient had diminished sensation in the superficial peroneal nerve distribution. Five of the sixteen patients had generalized ligamentous laxity; none of these patients had an excellent result, and they had lower "Overall Satisfaction" scores (P=0.013). We conclude that the use of suture anchors is a simple and effective adaptation of the modified Brostrom procedure, which results in a good or excellent outcome in the majority of patients with few complications.
Enclosings of λ-fold 4-cycle systems

In this paper we solve the problem of enclosing a λ-fold 4-cycle system of order v into a (λ + m)-fold 4-cycle system of order v + u for all m > 0 and u ≥ 1. An ingredient is constructed that is of interest on its own right, namely the problem of finding equitable partial 4-cycle systems of λ Kv. This supplementary solution builds on a result of Raines and Staniszlo.