cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The existence of small tactical configurations

A symmetric rank two tactical configuration is a regular bi-partite graph of girth 6. If it is (n+1)-regular on 2(n2+n+1+k) points it is denoted T(n,k). There is a polynomial, P(n) ≈ n4, such that T(n, k) exist for all k > P(n). This paper discusses the cases k < P(n), and some methods for finding such "small" T(n,k), including computational methods and the use of difference sets.
Osteoporosis: How Much Exercise Is Enough for Bone Health?

In addition to the extensive body of literature that supports medical therapies for osteoporosis and for prevention of postmenopausal fractures, numerous studies have explored the benefits of exercise in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.1 The results of these studies indicate that weight-bearing exercise and resistance training may play a role in preventing bone loss and increasing bone mass.
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Long-term outcomes of endoscopic repairs.

BackgroundEndoscopic endonasal repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri or benign intracranial hyper...
An evaluation of high‐resolution regional climate model simulations of snow cover and albedo over the Rocky Mountains, with implications for the simulated snow‐albedo feedback

The snow-albedo feedback (SAF) strongly influences climate over midlatitude mountainous regions. However, over these regions the skill of regional climate models (RCMs) at simulating properties such as snow cover and surface albedo is poorly characterized. These properties are evaluated in a pair of 7 year long high-resolution RCM simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model over the central Rocky Mountains. Key differences between the simulations include the computational domain (regional versus continental) and land surface model used (Noah versus Noah-MP). Simulations are evaluated against high-resolution satellite estimates of snow cover and albedo from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Both simulations generally reproduce the observed seasonal and spatial variability of snow cover and also exhibit important biases. One simulation substantially overpredicts subpixel fractional snow cover over snowy pixels (by up to 0.4) causing large positive biases in surface albedo, likely due in part to inadequate representation of canopy effects. The other simulation exhibits a negative bias in areal snow extent (as much as 19% of the analysis domain). Surface measurements reveal large positive biases in snow albedo (exceeding 0.2) during late spring caused by neglecting radiative effects of impurities deposited onto snow. Semi-idealized climate change experiments show substantially different magnitudes of SAF-enhanced warming in the two simulations that can be tied to the differences in snow cover in their control climates. More confident projections of regional climate change over mountains will require further work to evaluate and improve representation of snow cover and albedo in RCMs.
Will Education About Biological Causes of Stuttering Reduce Stigma

As strong evidence accumulates, professionals increasingly are using biological causes to explain the occurrence of stuttering. Many professionals view biological explanations as having the potenti...
Reformation Exegesis Encountering the Jewish Legacy: Luther and Calvin Reading Genesis 4:1

The present paper examines Luther's and Calvin's interpretation of Genesis 4:1 in light of the Jewish exegetical tradition, and analyses the historical context of their exposition by researching the development of Hebrew grammar in didactic terms and by describing their personal encounter with the biblical languages, especially with Hebrew.
Understanding NSF funding opportunities

This session highlights programs in the National Science Foundation (NSF) of particular interest to computer science educators. Topics include a description of program goals and guidelines, the review process and strategies for writing competitive proposals. NSF supports projects to improve education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics through several programs in its Education and Human Resources (EHR) directorate, as well as in its research directorates, including Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE). This tutorial presents a description of some education-related programs in the EHR and CISE directorates, and enables participants to interact with the presenter concerning specific project ideas that could be appropriate for the various programs. Specific programs will be discussed. Complete details about each of the following programs can be found on the NSF websites for the Division of Undergraduate Education (DUE) and the Directorate for Computer & Information Science & Engineering (CISE). • Transforming Undergraduate Education in STEM (TUES) • Federal Cyber Service: Scholarships for Service (SFS) • Research Experiences for Undergraduates Sites (REU Sites) • Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (S-STEM) • Advanced Technological Education (ATE) Advice on writing competitive proposals will be offered. NSF programs are quite competitive but there are simple strategies that investigators should be aware of to improve their chances of success. First and foremost, read the Program Solicitation carefully. The goal is to help reviewers quickly understand what you intend to do and that you have given sufficient thought of how you intend to do it. Organize the proposal to address the essential components described in the solicitation. Use headings, boldface and bulleted lists to help the reader quickly understand the organization of the proposals. Address each point thoroughly but succinctly. And finally, start well before the submission deadline. Include sufficient lead time to allow colleagues to provide feedback and for your research office to approve the proposal. Specific directions for completing a proposal can be found online.
Pre- and Postinteraction Physical Attractiveness Ratings and Experience-Based Impressions

This study examines the perceptions of an interaction partner’s physical attractiveness and traits in relation to whether and how partners were evaluated prior to interacting. Sixty-five pairs of heterosexual strangers were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (i.e., prerate photos of opposite-sex strangers including conversation partner, prerate photos excluding partner, no prerate photos). Participants then had a 10-minute interaction, reported impressions of partner, and rated photos again including the partner. Compared to no preinteraction rating, rating conversation partners’ attractiveness reduced impressions of partners’ social attractiveness, fun/funniness, and charisma. Partner impressions were more strongly associated with postinteraction attractiveness ratings than preinteraction ratings. Impressions of social attractiveness and fun/funniness moderated attractiveness rating change, wherein less attractive partners showed more positive change than attractive partners.
Development and Design of Next-Generation Head-Mounted Ambulatory Microdose Positron-Emission Tomography (AM-PET) System

Several applications exist for a whole brain positron-emission tomography (PET) brain imager designed as a portable unit that can be worn on a patient’s head. Enabled by improvements in detector technology, a lightweight, high performance device would allow PET brain imaging in different environments and during behavioral tasks. Such a wearable system that allows the subjects to move their heads and walk—the Ambulatory Microdose PET (AM-PET)—is currently under development. This imager will be helpful for testing subjects performing selected activities such as gestures, virtual reality activities and walking. The need for this type of lightweight mobile device has led to the construction of a proof of concept portable head-worn unit that uses twelve silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) PET module sensors built into a small ring which fits around the head. This paper is focused on the engineering design of mechanical support aspects of the AM-PET project, both of the current device as well as of the coming next-generation devices. The goal of this work is to optimize design of the scanner and its mechanics to improve comfort for the subject by reducing the effect of weight, and to enable diversification of its applications amongst different research activities.
An Efficient Method for the Reductive Conversion of Acyclic Esters to Ethers Via a TMS-Protected Acetal

Abstract We report an efficient two step process for the reduction of non-aromatic esters to the corresponding ethers via the intermediate TMS-protected acetal. The acetal formed after the first step can be carried on directly to the subsequent reduction to the ether without purification. The ester reduction step was monitored using in-situ ReactIR for disappearance of the C O peak, allowing for the exact determination of time and equivalents of the reducing agent. Furthermore, use of TMS-imidazole to form the acetal has allowed us to dramatically reduce the overall reaction time required for the two step procedure.
Nonlinear Recovery of Diffused Images by Seeded Instability

We develop a method to recover diffused and noise-hidden images by using spatial nonlinearity to seed instability. Optimal recovery depends on signal content, scattering statistics, and nonlinear coupling strength.
Establishing the Diagnosis

As in most of medicine, effective treatment of a patient’s concerns or symptoms demands an accurate diagnosis of the problem. Unfortunately, in the cases of painful or heavy menses, the process of establishing a diagnosis is not always straightforward. For women with painful menses, there is the non-specific nature of the symptoms, the variability of presentation, and the youth and sexual innocence of many of its sufferers; women who report heavy menstrual bleeding have no reliable index for measurement or comparison. In both cases, the actual symptoms often happen far from the clinical setting, physically or temporally. These challenges may be surmounted with a systematic approach to the diagnostic process, most of which is driven by a careful, thorough review of the patient’s history. For this discussion, we will ignore situations in which the diagnostic process for symptoms of pain or heavy bleeding is trivial, such as following the placement of an intrauterine contraceptive device, subsequent to a prolonged period of amenorrhea as in anovulation or polycystic ovary syndrome, or iatrogenic interventions such as anticoagulation.
Holistic and component plant phenotyping using temporal image sequence

Image-based plant phenotyping facilitates the extraction of traits noninvasively by analyzing large number of plants in a relatively short period of time. It has the potential to compute advanced phenotypes by considering the whole plant as a single object (holistic phenotypes) or as individual components, i.e., leaves and the stem (component phenotypes), to investigate the biophysical characteristics of the plants. The emergence timing, total number of leaves present at any point of time and the growth of individual leaves during vegetative stage life cycle of the maize plants are significant phenotypic expressions that best contribute to assess the plant vigor. However, image-based automated solution to this novel problem is yet to be explored. A set of new holistic and component phenotypes are introduced in this paper. To compute the component phenotypes, it is essential to detect the individual leaves and the stem. Thus, the paper introduces a novel method to reliably detect the leaves and the stem of the maize plants by analyzing 2-dimensional visible light image sequences captured from the side using a graph based approach. The total number of leaves are counted and the length of each leaf is measured for all images in the sequence to monitor leaf growth. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we introduce University of Nebraska–Lincoln Component Plant Phenotyping Dataset (UNL-CPPD) and provide ground truth to facilitate new algorithm development and uniform comparison. The temporal variation of the component phenotypes regulated by genotypes and environment (i.e., greenhouse) are experimentally demonstrated for the maize plants on UNL-CPPD. Statistical models are applied to analyze the greenhouse environment impact and demonstrate the genetic regulation of the temporal variation of the holistic phenotypes on the public dataset called Panicoid Phenomap-1. The central contribution of the paper is a novel computer vision based algorithm for automated detection of individual leaves and the stem to compute new component phenotypes along with a public release of a benchmark dataset, i.e., UNL-CPPD. Detailed experimental analyses are performed to demonstrate the temporal variation of the holistic and component phenotypes in maize regulated by environment and genetic variation with a discussion on their significance in the context of plant science.
Career Development of Men of Color

Men of color are often presented with a dilemma in the world of work. As men they are often afforded the benefits and privileges associated with a male identity. Yet as people of color they also experience racism, marginalization, and discrimination. In their families they have been socialized with gender and racial/cultural notions about masculinity and the world of work. In society men of color face stereotypes, barriers, and preconceived notions as they consider careers. All of these issues create a potentially confusing and shifting landscape, and men of color must spend a great deal of psychological energy dealing with these intersecting factors. While career development research has traditionally focused on men, and the push for greater exploration of diversity has led to an ever-expanding body of literature on racial and ethnic minority career issues, many of the issues facing men of color remain inadequately examined.
Introduction: Policing by Religion

When the authors of this volume got together to conceptualize the themes of Policing Muslim Communities, the idea that the largest police force in the United States, the New York City Police department, the famous NYPD, will contemplate an operational concept referred to as Human Terrain Mapping, the “Muslim Initiative” or the “Moroccan Initiative,” seemed truly unthinkable if not reprehensive (Deepa 2012; Cincotta 2012; Leader 2012).
Data Reliability and Errors

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the propagation of digital data errors through the digital part of the recorder's read channel and reviews the digital data processing techniques that are used to deliver reliable data (i.e., data having a specified statistical error rate) to the user. It focuses on how the various components of the digital recording channel may influence the reliability of data that is recovered from the storage medium. A detailed description of the recording format used in magneto-optical (MO) data storage systems is also discussed in the chapter. The discussion is aimed at disclosing how the recording format contributes to the control of errors. In particular, it describes how one specific recording format, namely the continuous composite servo (CCS) recording format specified in ISO/lEC 10089, contributes to the reliability of the data writing and recovery processes. The chapter also discusses the error types that are generated by hard decision data detection. All digital errors that occur in a digital optical data storage system are created during the data detection process. The chapter also discusses data reliability and describes several methods for estimating data reliability along with error control in future MO storage systems.
Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 levels are not predictive of non-AIDS events during antiretroviral therapy-mediated viral suppression.

Before initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), levels of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) were not elevated in people living with HIV who later developed non-AIDS events (including myocardial infarction and stroke), compared with controls. However, higher sST2 levels measured pre-A
Private Property and Public Power: Eminent Domain in Philadelphia

Acknowledgments Abbreviations Chapter 1. Investment and Government Legitimacy Chapter 2. The Policy and Politics of Urban Redevelopment Chapter 3. Rhetoric without a Cause: Beyond Libertarian and Left Cries of Abuse Chapter 4. American Street I: From Badlands to Promised Lands Chapter 5. American Street II: From Promises to Protests Chapter 6. Jefferson Square I: Competing Visions of Investment Protection Chapter 7. Jefferson Square II: Legitimacy through Reconciled Visions Chapter 8. Compensating for Property by Recognizing Investments Chapter 9. The Politics of Property Bibliography Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Notes Index
The effects of temperature and food on the growth of laboratory colonies ofAphaenogaster rudis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Laboratory colonies of the scavenging ant,Aphaenogaster rudis Emery, were maintained for 150 days at different temperatures and food levels. While pupation was successful in all high temperature colonies (25° C), low temperature colonies (15° C) produced brood, but no new workers. Deaths of original workers were significantly greater in the high temperature colonies, suggesting that low temperatures may slow the onset of senescence in workers. The low efficiency of biomass conversion at the highest food level, indicates that the optimal amount of food for a small colony (50–100 workers) may be about 50 mg/d. Across food levels, variation in the proportion of brood versus workers produced showed a trend toward relatively greater investment in new eggs with greater food consumption. Total production of brood and new workers, as measured either by ant numbers or biomass, was significantly greater at the higher food levels, suggesting that food intake can regulate colony growth inA. rudis if insolated nest sites are abundant.
Improving care for sexually transmitted infections.

Introduction Rising rates of reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the US and Europe are a public health priority and require a public health response. The diagnosis and treatment of STIs have been the cornerstone of STI control and prevention for many decades and, historically, publicly funded STI clinics have played a central role in the provision of STI care. Innovations in non-invasive diagnostic techniques, especially nucleic acid amplification tests in the mid-1990s, have facilitated the expansion of STI testing and treatment outside traditional STI clinics, including primary care, family planning, school-based health, outreach, corrections, emergency departments and HIV prevention and care settings. As a result, the continued need for categorical STI clinics has been debated. In this Commentary, we discuss how practice can be improved at each level of STI care. Discussion STI practice improvement plans should be tailored to the strengths of each care setting. Thus, in primary care, the focus should be on improving STI screening rates, the provision of hepatitis B and human papillomavirus vaccines and, in jurisdictions where this is legal, expedited partner therapy for gonorrhoea and chlamydia. Extragenital (pharyngeal and rectal) testing for gonorrhoea and chlamydia should be available in settings serving populations more vulnerable to STI acquisition at these anatomical sites, including men who have sex with men. In family planning settings with a mostly female patient population, there are opportunities to serve male partners with both contraceptive and STI services. STI screening rates can also be improved in other settings serving populations at increased risk for STIs, including school-based clinics, emergency departments, correctional health facilities and providers of HIV care and prevention. These improvements are predominantly logistical in nature and not dependent on extensive STI clinical expertise. While some providers in these settings may have the clinical knowledge and skills to evaluate symptomatic patients, many do not, and STI speciality clinics must be available for consultation and referral and evolve from "safety net" providers of last resort to STI centres of excellence. Conclusions A tailored practice improvement plan can be envisioned to achieve an optimally functioning STI care continuum.
Stereotype Threat and Career Goals Among Women in STEM: Mediating and Moderating Roles of Perfectionism:

This study examines how the interplay between individual and contextual factors contributes to the academic and career outcomes of female science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) st...
Continuing Professional Development for Team Science

Although current funding announcements increasingly call for research that involves collaboration across several scholarly disciplines, many senior scientists were trained in an era when team-based cross-disciplinary collaboration was uncommon and even discouraged. The need for team science professional development opportunities that cross disciplinary backgrounds and experience levels is great, but the resources available to provide such training are few. Having previously created teamscience.net, a suite of free interactive online learning modules about team science, we illustrate how the modules were paired with an in-person workshop to facilitate the launch of a newly funded, interdisciplinary, highly geographically distributed team. The Mobile Big Data to Knowledge (MD2K) study is a Big Data Center of Excellence funded by the National Institutes of Health to develop and study the use of novel wearable sensors to prevent two adverse health events: relapse to smoking among recently quit smokers, and re-hospitalization among recently discharged heart failure patients. Team-based learning principles were applied to facilitate cross-talk among the 68 health professionals and computer scientists from 11 institutions who attended the first annual MD2K all-hands meeting. This chapter includes the protocol, timeline, and workshop materials and provides observations about implementing the training. We suggest that team science training is feasible and valued by scientists from different academic backgrounds who are trying to conduct cross-disciplinary research. We also propose a need for training resources that are tailored to meet the changing professional development needs of teams as they evolve from team assembly, through team launch, to maturation.
CMOS THz-ID: A 1.6-mm² Package-Less Identification Tag Using Asymmetric Cryptography and 260-GHz Far-Field Backscatter Communication

This article presents an ultra-small, high-security identification tag that is entirely built in a CMOS chip without external components. The usage of backscatter communications at 260 GHz enables full integration of a $2\,\,\times \,\, 2$ patch antenna array. For chip compactness and minimum interference caused by direct wave reflection, the backscatter signal is frequency-shifted by 2 MHz and radiated with cross polarization from the same antenna array. Such a configuration also, for the first time for RF tags, enables beamsteering for enhanced link budget. For authentication and secure wireless data transmission, the tag also integrates a compact elliptic-curve-cryptography (ECC) dedicated processor, which is based on a narrow-strong private identification protocol. The presented tag has a peak power consumption of 21 $\mu \text{W}$ and can be powered by a chip-wide array of photodiodes and a DC–DC converter. Using a low-cost 65-nm bulk CMOS technology, the terahertz (THz) ID chip has an area of only 1.6 mm2 and demonstrates the measured downlink speed of 100 kb/s and the upload speed of 2 kb/s across 5-cm distance from the reader. The tag-reader authentication/communication protocol is fully demonstrated using external tag power and partially demonstrated using the tag-integrated photo-voltaic powering. The tag size is the smallest among all prior radio-frequency identifications (RFIDs) using far-field communications.
Neuromorphic Computing Based on Memristor

Bioelectronics is defined as a combination of electronic principles and biological phenomena. While many major fields such as Medical treatment, technology advancement, healthcare are increasing its demand for bioelectronic circuits. And the bioelectronic circuits have developed rapidly during recent years. To develop bioelectronics, it can be divided into two fields: One is Cryptomorphic electronics which is electronics inspired by cellular and molecular biology. And the other one is Neuromorphic electronics which is electronics inspired by neurobiology, which are cable to implement the electronic equivalent of learning, adaption and memory algorithmic efficiently. And in this paper, we will focus on the neuromorphic electronics, especially on the Neuromorphic Computing of neurons, synapses circuits and the spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) scheme in detail based on memristors. And Simulation of several memristors circuits will present.
Brain Injuries in Football

American football participation is associated with a relatively high risk of sustaining mild traumatic brain injury or concussion. Concussion management practices have changed significantly over the past two decades due to rapidly progressing research. Several classic and newly emerging clinical tools are available to assist with acute diagnosis. Treatment paradigms have shifted away from prolonged rest toward earlier introduction of physical and cognitive activity. Multiple treatment interventions also exist for athletes with atypically long and complicated recoveries. Researchers are attempting to clarify the notorious heterogeneity associated with concussion presentations by identifying distinct clinical profiles and incorporating physiologic biomarkers intended to capture the complex and diverse biological effects of concussion. While thankfully rare, sports medicine clinicians must also recognize the signs of potential catastrophic injuries stemming from head trauma in football in order to guide proper acute management. Lastly, as researchers continue studying the long-term effects of football-related head trauma, clinicians should be aware of strategies for minimizing head impact exposure and for appropriately referring athletes concerned about cognitive or behavioral problems later in life.
Weakly-Coupled Oscillators with Long-Distance Correlation as a Model of Human Atrial Fibrillation

I. ABSTRACT Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a chronic, progressive, and heterogeneous disease, which exhibits irregular and chaotic atrial electrical activity. The exact mechanisms of AF have remained elusive. The complexity of the atrial signals, irregular period, and the non-local nature of AF make it very difficult to characterize its spatiotemporal organization. This paper presents a set of data-processing tools to find and evaluate the intracardiac signals in AF based on synchronization theory. Specifically, a graph-theoretical algorithm is developed to prune spurious detections of atrial complexes (spikes). The processing pipeline was applied to 10 intracardiac recordings obtained during ablation procedures in patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF. The AF cases were classified into three main types. Type I (n=3) is defined as the presence of a single driver that dominates both atria and is consistent with the mother rotor hypothesis. The majority of the cases had more than one driver and were classified as types II (n=4) and III (n=3). The drivers, i.e., the interacting organized areas, in type II have significantly different peak frequencies and are only weakly coupled. The drivers in type III have close frequencies, are moderately interacting, and show evidence of transient intermittent phase-locking (intermittency). In addition, a long-distance correlation between channels from the left and right atria was observed. The theory of synchronization is a useful conceptual framework to process and analyze AF and can provide mechanistic insight into AF and the effect of various interventions.
Intestinal Phosphorus Absorption in Moderate CKD and Healthy Adults Determined Using a Radioisotopic Tracer.

Background Reducing intestinal phosphorus absorption is a cornerstone in CKD-MBD management. Yet, knowledge gaps include how CKD pathophysiology affects intestinal phosphorus absorption. In vivo rodent studies suggest that intestinal phosphorus absorption remains inappropriately normal in early-moderate CKD, despite declining 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). We measured intestinal phosphorus absorption in patients with moderate CKD versus healthy adults using a direct radiotracer method. Methods Patients with CKD and healthy adults matched for age, sex, and race were enrolled in this 8-day controlled diet study: the first 6 days outpatient and the final 2 days inpatient. Oral and intravenous doses of 33P and serial blood and urine sampling determined intestinal phosphorus absorption during the final 2 days. Secondary outcomes included fasting biochemistries and 24-hour urine phosphorus (uP). Results In total, n=8 patients with CKD (eGFR=29-55 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and n=8 matched healthy controls completed the study. On a controlled diet, no difference in fractional intestinal phosphorus absorption was detected between patients with CKD and healthy adults (0.69 versus 0.62, respectively; P=0.52), and this was similar for 24-hour uP (884 versus 935 mg/d, respectively; P=0.70). Fractional intestinal phosphorus absorption was not significantly related to 24-hour uP. Patients with CKD had higher serum intact PTH and intact FGF23 and lower 1,25D. The relationship between 1,25D and fractional intestinal phosphorus absorption was not statistically significant. Conclusions Intestinal phosphorus absorption with typical dietary intake did not differ in patients with moderate CKD compared with controls, despite lower serum 1,25D levels. In this setting, a relationship between 24-hour uP and fractional or absolute intestinal absorption was not evident. Further investigation is needed to determine what factors influence intestinal phosphorus absorption in CKD and the apparent lack of compensation by the intestine to limit phosphorus absorption in the face of declining kidney function and reduced 1,25D. Whether this is evident across a range of dietary phosphorus intakes, as well as CKD severity, also needs to be determined. Clinical trial registry name and registration number Phosphorus Absorption in Healthy Adults and in Patients with Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT03108222.
COVID-19 and Entrepreneurial Processes in U.S. Equity Crowdfunding

COVID-19 brought about a shift in entrepreneurial opportunities and in the United States. In this paper, we proxy entrepreneurial processes by examining housing prices in different regions of the United States. Housing prices capture the movement in people, tax dynamics, and behavioral preferences for equity ownership in different regions and over time, all of which were drastically impacted by COVID-19. We examine all U.S. equity crowdfunding offerings starting with the very first offerings in 2016 Q2 until 2021 Q1 based on data from the Securities and Exchange Commission. The data indicate that regional housing prices post-COVID-19 are a strong predictor of the number of equity crowdfunding campaigns and the amount of capital raised. The impact of housing price changes on crowdfunding is more pronounced among more prosperous regions. The housing price effect is robust to numerous controls and consideration of outliers.
Towards Safe Motion Planning in Human Workspaces: A Robust Multi-agent Approach

It is becoming increasingly feasible for robots to share a workspace with humans. However, for them to do so safely while maintaining agile performance, they need the ability to smoothly handle the dynamics and uncertainty caused by human motions. Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) serve as a common framework to formulate robot planning problems. However, because of its single-agent formulation, such planner cannot account for human reaction when evaluating robot actions. The robot can thus suffer from unsafe motions and move in ways that are hard for nearby humans to understand. To resolve this, we instead model robot planning in human workspaces as a Stochastic Game, and contribute a robust planning algorithm, which enables the robot to account for its prediction errors in human responses to prevent collision, while not losing agility, opposed to traditional maximin optimization techniques, by applying maximin operation only at "critical states". We validate the approach under partial knowledge of pedestrian behaviors, and show that our approach encounters zero collision despite imperfect prediction, while improving path efficiency, compared to baselines.
Indirect Clinical Evidence of Driver Inattention as a Cause of Crashes

A recent report from the 100-Car Study identified driver inattention as a significant risk factor for involvement in crashes or near-crashes. If in fact inattention is a cause of crashes, it should be possible to find at least indirect evidence of it by reconstructing actual crashes. This paper describes reconstruction of two rear-ending crashes on an urban freeway, one left-turn cross-path crash on a suburban arterial, and one vehicle/pedestrian collision. Bayesian reconstruction methods were used to estimate driver reaction times, and these were then compared to reaction time measures from the literature. The working hypothesis was that atypically long reaction times on the part of the colliding drivers would provide indirect evidence for driver inattention. It turned out that an atypically long reaction time was shown by only one of the four colliding drivers, but that other indications of inattention were found in two other crashes.
Embryogenesis and Angiogenesis

This chapter provides an overview of embryogenesis and angiogenesis processes. During embryogenesis, the development of new microvessels from in situ differentiating endothelial cells is referred to as vasculogenesis, and subsequent sprouting from existing vessels is referred to as angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a morphogenetic process by which new microvessels are formed by sprouting from preexisting vessels. In the brain, it occurs as a response to a variety of injuries such as trauma, tumor, infection, and infarction. Angiogenesis occurs throughout life, including the embryonic development, whereas vasculogenesis is restricted to early developmental periods. Angiogenesis in brain may be comprised of the following steps: (a) dissolution of preexisting vascular continuity and endothelial cell migration, (b) endothelial cell proliferation, and (c) structural organization of microvessels including the formation of interendothelial tight junctions. Angiogenesis is tightly regulated during embryonic development and during the female reproductive cycle and may be well controlled even during the recovery from ischemic injury. In contrast, persistent uncontrolled angiogenesis occurs during tumor growth, diabetic proliferative retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and other pathological vascular disorders.
Fuel Cell Powered Vehicles

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are considered as one of the best sustainable transportation solutions that have the potential to significantly reduce our dependence on fossil oil and lower harmful emissions. This chapter reviews and discusses different powertrain arrangements and onboard hydrogen storage technologies in a fuel cell vehicle and various hydrogen generation and refueling approaches. Optimal varying pressure operation of a fuel cell system is studied. Compared to fixed pressure operation, optimal operation shows higher system efficiency over the full load range. However, optimal operation of a fuel cell system requires coordinated reactant flow control in both cathode and anode sides to minimize the mechanical stress on the MEA. Hybridization of the vehicle powertrain is an effective approach to mitigate the stress on the fuel cell stack by shifting most of the dynamic power demand to a second power source such as batteries and/or ultracapacitors. Different power splitting strategies in a hybrid fuel cell vehicle are discussed. Simulations over various driving cycles are performed to compare fuel cell vehicles with other advanced technology vehicles in terms of fuel savings. Keywords: fuel cell system; fuel cell vehicle; optimization; hybridization; power split; fuel economy
A fast algorithm for the constrained multiple sequence alignment problem

Given n strings S1,S2,...,Sn, and a pattern string P, the constrained multiple sequence alignment (CMSA) problem is to find an optimal multiple alignment of S1,S2,...,Sn, such that the alignment contains P, i.e. in the alignment matrix there exists a sequence of columns each entirely composed of symbol P[k] for every k, where P[k] is the kth symbol in P, 1 ≤ k ≤ |P|, and in the sequence, a column containing P[i] appears before the column containing P[j] for all i,j,i < j. The problem is motivated from the problem of comparing multiple sequences that share a common structure, or sequence pattern. There are O(2ns1,s2,...,snr)-time dynamic programming algorithms for the problem, where s1,s2,...,sn and r are, respectively, the lengths of the input strings and the pattern string. Feasibility of these algorithms in practice is limited when the number of sequences is large, or the sequences are long because of the impractically long time required by these algorithms. We present a new algorithm with worst-case time complexity also O(2ns1s2...snr), but the algorithm avoids redundant computations in existing dynamic programming solutions. Experiments on both randomly generated strings and real data show that this algorithm is much faster than the existing algorithms. We present an analysis that explains the speed-up obtained in our experiments by our algorithm over the naive dynamic programming algorithm for constrained multiple sequence alignment of protein sequences. The speed-up is more significant when pattern is long, or n is large. For example in the case of constrained pairwise sequence alignment (the CMSA problem with n = 2) when the pattern is sufficiently long for strings S1 and S2, the asymptotic time complexity is observed to be O(s1s2) instead of O(s1s2r). Main ideas in our algorithm can also be used in other constrained sequence alignment problems.
Practical Foundations for Programming Languages

Types are the central organizing principle of the theory of programming languages. In this innovative book, Professor Robert Harper offers a fresh perspective on the fundamentals of these languages through the use of type theory. Whereas most textbooks on the subject emphasize taxonomy, Harper instead emphasizes genetics, examining the building blocks from which all programming languages are constructed. Language features are manifestations of type structure. The syntax of a language is governed by the constructs that define its types, and its semantics is determined by the interactions among those constructs. The soundness of a language design - the absence of ill-defined programs - follows naturally. Professor Harper's presentation is simultaneously rigorous and intuitive, relying on only elementary mathematics. The framework he outlines scales easily to a rich variety of language concepts and is directly applicable to their implementation. The result is a lucid introduction to programming theory that is both accessible and practical.
La presentació social del cos. Quaderns de l'ICA, Nº 26 (Josep Martí y Yolanda Aixelà)

Desde los primeros estadios de la historia de la antropologia se ha producido una constante atencion al cuerpo y a la representacion del cuerpo en las distintas comunidades humanas. El numero 26 de Quaderns de l'Institut Catala d'Antropologia dedica su monografico a la presentacion social del cuerpo, uno de los muchos enfoques que se pueden tomar en el tratamiento antropologico de la materia.
Postoperative Follow-Up of Rectal Cancer and Biopsy Techniques

Local recurrence of rectal cancer after treatment is a significant problem despite recent advances in surgery and adjuvant therapy. Appropriate follow-up is a cornerstone of early detection of local recurrence in hopes of timely treatment. Endorectal ultrasound is a readily available technique that can be performed in the outpatient's setting during regular follow-up and allows the detection of early and asymptomatic local recurrences. Endorectal ultrasound can also be used to obtain tissue diagnosis on the lesion in question. Other imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scanning, have been shown to be beneficial in both preoperative as well as postoperative settings. Although additional research is needed, successful detection of early recurrences most likely lies in close follow-up and combination of various imaging techniques.
Optimisation of immunosuppressive therapy using pharmacokinetic principles.

Clinical experience with immunosuppressive therapy is more extensive in the area of preventing the rejection of transplanted organs than in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Among the many pharmacological agents presently in use, only prednisone (or methylprednisolone) and cyclosporin require dosage individualisation. Sources of interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics of prednisone have been identified and are guiding the selection of individual dosage rates. As an alternative, a single timed concentration can determine an apparent value for prednisone clearance from which an individual dosage can be calculated. In contrast, numerous sources of inter- and intraindividual variability in cyclosporin pharmacokinetics prevent the easy selection of safe and effective starting dose rates. Indeed, test doses of cyclosporin followed by series of blood samples and the calculation of individual pharmacokinetic parameters are needed to assure successful immunosuppression right from the start. Furthermore, only continued monitoring sustains immunotherapy vis-a-vis intraindividual variability and a narrow therapeutic range of cyclosporin concentrations.
ABUNDANCE OF CETACEANS IN THE OCEANIC NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO, 1996–2001

The Gulf of Mexico is a subtropical marginal sea of the western North Atlantic Ocean with a diverse cetacean community. Ship-based, line-transect abundance surveys were conducted in oceanic waters (>200 m deep) of the northern Gulf within U.S. waters (380,432 km 2 ) during spring from 1996 to 1997 and from 1999 to 2001. Data from these five surveys were pooled and minimum abundance estimates were based on 12,162 km of effort and 512 sightings of at least 19 species. The most commonly sighted species (number of groups) were pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata (164); sperm whale, Physeter macncephalus (67); dwarf/pygmy sperm whale, Kogia sitna/breviceps (58); Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus (38); and bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (24). The most abundant species (number of individuals; coefficient of variation) were S. attenuata (91,321; 0.16); Clymene dolphin, S. clymene (17,355; 0.65); spinner dolphin, S. longirostris (11,971; 0.71); and striped dolphin, S. coeruleoatha (6,505; 0.43). The only large whales sighted were P. macracephalus (1,349; 0.23) and Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni (40; 0.61). Abundances for other species or genera ranged from 95 to 2,388 animals. Cetaceans were sighted throughout the oceanic northern Gulf and, whereas many species were widely distributed, some had more regional distributions.
Direct visualization for syndesmotic stabilization of ankle fractures

Background: Ankle fractures with syndesmotic injury treated via standard trans-syndesmotic fixation have a high percentage of syndesmotic malreduction.10 We established a protocol involving both di...
MicroRNA-223 Regulates Granulopoiesis but Is Not Required for HSC Maintenance in Mice

MIR233 is genetically or epigenetically silenced in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MIR223 is normally expressed throughout myeloid differentiation and highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the contribution of MIR223 loss to leukemic transformation and HSC function is largely unknown. Herein, we characterize HSC function and myeloid differentiation in Mir223 deficient mice. We show that Mir223 loss results in a modest expansion of myeloid progenitors, but is not sufficient to induce a myeloproliferative disorder. Loss of Mir223 had no discernible effect on HSC quiescence, long-term repopulating activity, or self-renewal capacity. These results suggest that MIR223 loss is likely not an initiating event in AML but may cooperate with other AML associated oncogenes to induce leukemogenesis.
Policy framework for security and privacy management

Policies that address security and privacy are pervasive parts of both technical and social systems, and technology that enables both organizations and individuals to create and manage such policies is a critical need in information technology (IT). This paper describes the notion of end-to-end policy management and advances a framework that can be useful in understanding the commonality in IT security and privacy policy management.
Particle lattice models and the dynamical instability of many-body systems

We consider the notion of dynamical instability of many-body systems wherein states, which are arbitrarily close initially, are not close at some other fixed time. In controlling the dynamics of interacting systems of identical Fermions moving on a lattice, we isolate a basic mechanism which causes instability.
Understanding college degree completion of students with low socioeconomic status: The Influence of the Institutional Financial Context

Using national survey data, multilevel modeling techniques, and descriptive statistics, this study makes an effort to understand the influence of the financial context of institutions on the chance of college completion for low socioeconomic status (SES) students at four-year colleges and universities. This research shows that college completion is positively associated with an institution’s tuition revenue as a percent of total revenue and educational and general expenditures per full-time equivalent student. This study also documents that, compared to high SES students, low SES students are disproportionately enrolled in institutions with lower levels of financial resources and higher dependence on tuition as a source of total revenue. The results of this research have implications for policy with regard to addressing the chances of college completion for low SES students.
Rule Caching for Packet Classification Support

The growth of the Internet and requirements for enhanced flexibility and versatility have resulted in packet classification becoming an essential part of network systems such as routers and firewalls. Classification of packets into flows based on multiple header fields is a complex problem. Several algorithms have been proposed to achieve wire speed classification performance. However, an ever widening gap between wire speed and memory access speed continues to motivate the quest for techniques to enhance classification performance. In this paper, we propose a caching technique to improve search performance of any classification algorithm using characteristics inherent to Internet traffic.
Parametrization of all linear compensators for discrete-time stochastic parameter systems

Abstract For discrete-time stochastic parameter systems, this paper presents a characterization of all state covariances assignable by a linear controller and a parametrization of all controllers that achieves a desired covariance. These results indirectly provide the parametrization of all linear fixed-order compensators which are mean square stabilizing for this class of systems. The paper also includes robustification of the derived compensators and an example to illustrate the results.