cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Entertainers or education researchers? The challenges associated with presenting while black

How black faculty experience presenting their research in educational venues within the context of historical objectification of black people as sources of entertainment is an underexplored topic in higher education research. Presenting research has far-reaching implications for black academics’ advancement, such as future employment and opportunities for research collaboration. Thus, how black faculty are perceived while presenting has significant implications for their career trajectories. This study is concerned with understanding how black higher education faculty perceive, interpret, and respond to how they are perceived while presenting within a context of racialized academic scrutiny. Thirty-three black professors were interviewed about their participation in a number of presentation contexts, including national conferences, symposia, and campus job talks. Study participants discussed encountering multiple layers of racial stereotyping and bias, and also how their keen racial awareness enabled them...
Anatomy of the vestibule of the omental bursa and epiploic foramen in the horse.

SummaryReasons for performing study Epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE) is a common cause of colic in horses and available anatomical descriptions of this foramen and the associated vestibule of the omental bursa tend to be inconsistent, contradictory and inaccurate. Objectives To describe the anatomy of the vestibule of the omental bursa and epiploic foramen. Study design Dissection of 21 fresh equine cadavers shortly after euthanasia. Methods The anatomy of the vestibule of the omental bursa, epiploic foramen and related structures in the cranial abdomen were examined in situ and after removal from the abdomen. Photographs were taken and illustrations rendered to bring the relationship of the different folds, ligaments and organs involved into a 3D concept. Results The entrance into the vestibule and the passageway through it to the epiploic foramen is bounded by the gastropancreatic fold dorsally, caudally and ventrally. This fold constitutes the caudoventral boundary of the epiploic foramen along with the portal vein cranially and ventrally. The craniodorsal boundary of the epiploic foramen is formed by the caudate lobe of the liver. Conclusions The gastropancreatic fold plays a more important role in the anatomy of the vestibule of the omental bursa and the epiploic foramen than has been documented in the most widely used anatomy textbooks written in English. Because of the importance of EFE in horses, information from this study about the relevant anatomy could provide a first step towards improved methods for treatment and laparoscopic prevention of these diseases.
The Properties of Insect Axons

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the nervous system and nerve activity of insects. There are at least three aspects of morphology and histology of insect nerve, which should be carefully examined to interpret physiological experiments: (1) organization of the giant fiber system to which microelectrode techniques are applied, (2) fine structure of the axon membrane that is undoubtedly the important site of excitation, (3) histology and biochemistry of the perineural sheath that may act as a diffusion barrier for ions. It was not until the discovery of the overshoot of the membrane potential during excitation that the mechanism of action potential production could be interpreted on a physico-chemical basis. The measurement was made by introducing one electrode longitudinally into the axoplasm of a squid giant axon. The development of the capillary microelectrode made it possible to record membrane resting and action potentials from a wide variety of excitable tissues. Although the membrane potential reflects concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and selective permeability of the membrane, the energy that enables ions to be distributed with concentration gradients and makes the membrane semipermeable to ions is thought to be supplied by metabolism.
Nanotechnology-what is ahead?

Summary form only given. An overview of the National Nanotechnology Initiative, with a description of various technology components currently on the horizon, is presented. Also, an in-depth discussion of carbon nanotubes (CNT) based nanotechnology is provided. CNT exhibits extraordinary electrical and mechanical properties and offers remarkable potential for revolutionary applications in electronics devices, computing and data storage technology, sensors, composites, storage of hydrogen or lithium for battery development, nanoelectromechanical systems, and as tips in scanning probe microscopy for imaging and nanolithography. The status of nanotechnology research in the US and abroad is presented.
Hausdorff Measures versus Equilibrium States of Conformal Infinite Iterated Function Systems

Dealing with infinite iterated function systems we introduce and develop the ergodic theory of Holder systems of functions similarly as in [HU] and [HMU]. In the context of conformal infinite iterated function systems we prove the volume lemma for the Hausdorff dimension of the projection onto the limit set of a shift invariant measure. This can be considered as a Billingsley type result. Our cenral goal is to demonstrate the appearance of the "singularity-absolute continuity" dichotomy for equilibrium states of Holder systems of functions which has been observed in [PUZ,I] and [PUZ,II] (see also [DU1] and [DU2]) in the setting of rational functions of the Riemann sphere.
The short-term clinical outcomes after saline infusion sonohysterography in women with postmenopausal bleeding.

Rationale and objective To describe the short-term clinical outcomes of women with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) who underwent saline-infused sonohysterography (SIS) and the impact of SIS results on clinical management. Materials and methods A retrospective review of the Radiology Information Systems database identified 786 women who underwent SIS between February 1998 and October 2002. Of this group, 144 women (mean age, 60; range, 42–83) presented with PMB. The following clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record: date of birth, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) status, SIS results, and clinical management before and after the SIS procedure. We categorized post-SIS clinical management into three categories: additional diagnostic or therapeutic procedure performed; HRT change or addition; or no change in clinical management. Between-group comparisons were performed using a χ 2 test. Results Of the 144 women with postmenopausal bleeding who underwent SIS, 119 (82.6%) successfully completed the SIS. Eighty women (67.2%) had a positive SIS exam. Abnormalities detected including polyps ( n = 42); submucosal fibroids ( n = 6); endometrial thickening ( n = 8); a combination of 2 or more of the above ( n = 7), or other abnormalities (debris, adenomyosis, or indeterminate findings, n = 17). Of the women with a positive SIS exam, 58% received subsequent diagnostic/therapeutic procedures compared to 5% of women who had a negative SIS ( P P Conclusion The trend in short-term clinical management is to pursue more aggressive subsequent diagnostic or treatment procedures if findings are positive on SIS. A negative SIS exam was associated with more conservative management.
Use of a continuous source of excitation, an argon-hydrogen-air flame. and an extended flame cell for atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry

Abstract A continuous source of excitation in conjunction with an argon-hydrogen-entrained air flame, an extended flame cell, a medium-dispersion monochromator and a typical detection system is shown to give good sensitivities for the atomic absorption flame spectrophotometric measurement of 21 elements. Useful working curves over a 100-fold concentration range are obtained for each of the 21 elements using the simple experimental system. The advantages gained with this system are discussed.
Metalloprotease NleC suppresses host NF-κB/inflammatory responses by cleaving p65 and interfering with the p65/RPS3 interaction.

Attaching/Effacing (A/E) pathogens including enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and the rodent equivalent Citrobacter rodentium are important causative agents of foodborne diseases. Upon infection, a myriad of virulence proteins (effectors) encoded by A/E pathogens are injected through their conserved type III secretion systems (T3SS) into host cells where they interfere with cell signaling cascades, in particular the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway that orchestrates both innate and adaptive immune responses for host defense. Among the T3SS-secreted non-LEE-encoded (Nle) effectors, NleC, a metalloprotease, has been recently elucidated to modulate host NF-κB signaling by cleaving NF-κB Rel subunits. However, it remains elusive how NleC recognizes NF-κB Rel subunits and how the NleC-mediated cleavage impacts on host immune responses in infected cells and animals. In this study, we show that NleC specifically targets p65/RelA through an interaction with a unique N-terminal sequence in p65. NleC cleaves p65 in intestinal epithelial cells, albeit a small percentage of the molecule, to generate the p651–38 fragment during C. rodentium infection in cultured cells. Moreover, the NleC-mediated p65 cleavage substantially affects the expression of a subset of NF-κB target genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, immune cell infiltration in the colon, and tissue injury in C. rodentium-infected mice. Mechanistically, the NleC cleavage-generated p651–38 fragment interferes with the interaction between p65 and ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), a ‘specifier’ subunit of NF-κB that confers a subset of proinflammatory gene transcription, which amplifies the effect of cleaving only a small percentage of p65 to modulate NF-κB-mediated gene expression. Thus, our results reveal a novel mechanism for A/E pathogens to specifically block NF-κB signaling and inflammatory responses by cleaving a small percentage of p65 and targeting the p65/RPS3 interaction in host cells, thus providing novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of foodborne diseases.
Theories, perturbations, and testability: commentary on Fourie.

David Fourie has written a provocative and interesting article in which he argues that systemic hypnosis is qualitatively different than an Ericksonian conception and approach to hypnosis. He proceeds to demonstrate these differences with a description of systemic hypnosis via the use of anecdotes. In his exposition, he lays out a number of assumptions that underpin his argument. These assumptions are problematic and, as such, warrant closer scrutiny. Prior to considering Fourie’s argument for systemic hypnosis rather than an “Ericksonian” approach to hypnosis, we will need to consider the key notions of “objectivity,” “causality,” “perturbations,” “reality,” and notion of refutatbility in science. Fourie notes that by the early 1980’s systems thinking had moved from first order to second order cybernetics “. . .moving away from the focus on interaction pattern in families, as if these could be objectively (italics added) observed, toward a consideration of the functioning of systems as wholes.” He goes on to note that these second order systems can only do what its structure allows it to do and no causal influence of one system on another is possible. “Systems can only “perturb” one another and the reaction to this perturbation is determined by the structure of the perturbed system, not by actions of the perturbing system.” Concluding his summary of the basic tenets of second order thinking, Fourie goes on to say, “The behavior of systems can not be objectively observed, because by observing, the observer becomes part of the system and the observation is therefore cooperatively constructed by all the members of the system.” He cites the social constructivists, Von Foerster, Von Glasersfeld, Maturana, and Varela et al.
Population structure of the pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium subglutinans f.sp. pini, in California.

Isolates (170) of Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini, the cause of pitch canker, were collected from infected Pinus spp. throughout the known range of the disease in California, between 1993 and 1995. Of these, 152 isolates were vegetatively compatible with tester strains representing a previously characterized vegetative compatibility group (VCG) of F. s. pini: VCG C1, 83 isolates; C2, 12 isolates; C3, 51 isolates, and C4, 6 isolates. The remaining 18 isolates were associated with three new VCGs: C6, 9 isolates; C7 4 isolates, and C8, 5 isolates. The populations of F. s. pini in the original disease centres in Santa Cruz/Monterey Counties and east of San Francisco Bay (Alameda and Contra Costa Counties), were dominated by VCG C1, as they were when originally sampled (1987–9). In contrast, nearly all isolates from a large infestation in San Luis Obispo Co. were associated with VCG C3, which was previously identified as the sole VCG in an isolated infestation near Santa Barbara and at a tree nursery in Los Angeles Co. This distribution implies that movement of infected trees might have contributed to the spread of pitch canker in California. The limited diversity in the F. s. pini population statewide is consistent with a recent introduction of the pathogen into California and the absence of sexual reproduction in this population.
Application of Journal of Fluids Engineering CFD Verification Procedure to Flow Past Bluff Body Using Two Different Turbulence Models

The ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering (JFE) recently adopted the grid convergence index (GCI) method as one of the methods among others to estimate the discretization error in CFD applications. The GCI method (based on Richardson extrapolation (RE)) is applied to CFD simulations of confined flow past a bluff-body and is used to evaluate the performance of two different turbulence models in predicting the flow. Four different grid densities (coarse, fine, finer and finest) are used in a 2D axisymmetric geometry along with the RNG k-e model and the Reynolds stress transport (RST) turbulence models to predict the flow. A spline extrapolation (SE) method for the approximate error is also used to estimate the extrapolated value of the flow variables. The two models show monotonic and oscillatory convergence in various regions of the flow field. Results from the two turbulence models show different convergence behaviors. The results from the RE method as well as the SE method are assessed by comparing to the solution obtained on the finest grid as well as experimental data. The relative advantage of each of the methods is discussed. This study is a contribution towards testing the procedure proposed by JFE.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Steady-state behavior of the nonisothermal partially wetted and filled catalyst

Abstract The behavior of the single catalyst pellet plays a crucial role in hot-spot formation within the trickle-bed reactor. In this study the steady-state behavior of the partially wetted and filled catalytic pellet within which an exothermic gas phase catalytic reaction occurs is examined. An idealized picture that captures the essential physics is modelled. The slab-type pellet is wetted on one face by a flowing liquid, a fraction of which enters the pores by capillary action. The volatile pure liquid component can vaporize within the pores and subsequently decompose into a volatile product. The impact of several kinetic and physical parameters on the steady-state behavior is determined. The steady-state position of the intraparticle gas—liquid interface, the degree of catalyst overheating, and the catalyst effectiveness are sensitive functions of the interaction between the liquid imbibition and vaporization, capillary condensation, diffusion, and exothermic reaction processes. The dependence of catalyst effectiveness on the Thiele modulus is shown to assume one of several different forms corresponding to the existence of different rate-controlling regimes. As the catalytic activity is increased, the transition between a mostly liquid-filled, low-rate state to a mostly gas-filled, high-rate state may be single valued or in the form of a counterclockwise hysteresis. Multiplicity is predicted to exist over a wide range of conditions, including the case of a reaction with a zero activation energy. For a sufficiently large activity and under thermally mild conditions intraparticle diffusion limits the overall rate. Under thermally intensive conditions the gas—liquid interface cannot be sustained within the sufficiently active pellet. Modifications of the model to handle these cases are discussed.
X-ray powder diffraction refinement of PbTi (1− x ) Fe x O (3−δ) solid solution series

A series of iron-doped lead titanate PbTi(1−x)Fe x O(3−δ) samples in the x = 0–1 composition range was prepared using sol–gel synthesis at a calcination temperature of 700 °C. The room temperature CuKα powder diffraction data collected from x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.2, and 0.3 samples were analyzed using the Rietveld method. Magnetoplumbite (PbFe12O19) secondary phase formation was observed at compositions x = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1. Fe-composition dependent decrease of tetragonal distortion has been observed. According to Vegard's law, the B-site iron solubility limit in the lead titanate host was found to be approximately 10 mol% (x = 0.1). Homogeneous distribution of dopants below the solubility limit was evidenced by the linear behavior of unit-cell parameters. The absence of a cubic phase and the persistence of distorted oxygen octahedra indicated the existence of ferroelectric properties even at the x = 0.3 composition. Beyond x = 0.3, the P4mm tetragonal model was determined to be invalid possibly because of oxygen defect driven structural changes, mainly tilting Fe-polyhedra.
Effect of extracellular Po2 on the fall in intracellular Po2 in contracting single myocytes

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of altered extracellular Po 2 (Pe O2 ) on the intracellular Po 2(Pi O2 ) response to contractions in single skeletal muscle cells. Single ...
Correctability in online contingency analysis

In online contingency analysis, it has become quite common to screen contingencies by ranking them according to some severity (or performance) index, which is calculated solely as a measure of limit violations. The authors focus on the idea of correctability of contingencies with limit violations. Some experimental results are used to show that the present day screening by severity of violations may miss some contingencies that are serious because they are not correctable by the usual controls. A fast and efficient method for the correction of line loading limit violations based on sensitivity factors and contingency screening techniques using sparse vector handling its presented. The results show that the additional information about correctability of contingencies can be obtained at a low computational cost. >
Paradise lost: older Cuban American exiles' ambiguous loss of leaving the homeland.

To explore the experience of leaving Cuba, 2 Cuban American emigres interviewed 20 Cuban exiles aged 65 or older, who left Cuba between 1959 and 1971. The interviews were conducted in New York and New Jersey using a phenomenological approach (Moutsakas, 1994). Themes included feeling betrayed by the Revolution, the inevitability of leaving, the expectation of a temporary refuge, and longing for and idealizing the past. The psychological presence that participants expressed, along with an endless sense of loss, resonates with ambiguous loss theory (Boss, 2006)-themes that have yet to be explored in the literature and that have research and practice implications.
The Influence of Unimanual Response on Pseudoneglect Magnitude

Various factors influence the degree of leftward error (pseudoneglect) (Bowers & Heilman, 1980) that typifies the performance of normal subjects in line bisection tasks (Jewell & McCourt, 2000). The results of this experiment show that unimanual responding also exerts a subtle but significant modulating influence on spatial attention, as indexed by the differential magnitude of pseudoneglect. Using a forced-choice tachistoscopic line bisection protocol, 184 subjects (92 male and 92 female) bisected horizontally oriented lines (22.3 degrees wide x 0.39 degrees height) presented to central vision in two conditions, in which bisection responses were executed via button presses using the first two fingers of either the left (LH) or right (RH) hand. Perceived line midpoint deviated significantly leftward of veridical (p .05). A significant influence of unimanual response was revealed (p <.05) where pseudoneglect magnitude was greater in the LH than the RH condition. The results are interpreted within the framework of the activation-orientation theory of attentional asymmetry.
Modeling core-hole effects in electron energy-loss spectroscopy of Te O 2

Tellurite glasses are important for nonlinear optical applications. We report measurements of the spectrum of empty states in tellurium oxide, using the method of electron energy-loss spectroscopy based on excitations from inner shells. This near-edge structure is completely dominated near the threshold by core-hole effects. Several popular approximations for this effect, along with a new ``$Z+2$'' approximation, are evaluated in simulations.
WCOT glass capillary columns in flavour chemistry

By incorporating an HNU photoionization detector and a Carle microvolume valve into a standard dual column chromatograph, individual peaks eluting from a 0.20 to 0.25 mm id glass capillary column can be subjected to aroma evaluation, collected or valved to a second glass capillary column to check homogeneity and/or establish the retention index on a second liquid phase.
Lake—Wide Seasonal Changes in Limnological Conditions in Lake Michigan in 1976

Data collected on lake-wide cruises in 1976 were used to study seasonal and vertical variations in water temperature, transparency, chlorophyll a, and nutrients in Lake Michigan. Data were analyzed according to subsets corresponding to the northern and southern open lake. Comparisons (t-tests) of data from the open lake indicated that the average water temperature was cooler and average water transparency was greater in the northern lake than in the southern, but with the exception of total phosphorus, average nutrient concentrations did not differ between the northern and southern parts. It was found that physical-chemical characteristics of nearshore and Straits of Mackinac stations differed significantly from open lake stations. Seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in the open lake were related to seasonal and vertical changes in silica and nitrate nitrogen. The spring phytoplankton bloom occurred before the lake was strongly stratified thermally. After thermal stratification was well developed, epilimnetic concentrations of chlorophyll a decreased, probably due to some combination of nutrient limitation and zooplankton grazing, and maximum chlorophyll a concentrations were found below the thermocline. Epilimnetic silica concentrations decreased after thermal stratification and diatoms were replaced in the phytoplankton assemblage by green and blue-green algae in late summer. Total phosphorus averaged only 8 μg/L on a lake-wide basis and thus only small but significant reductions in absolute concentration can be expected from phosphorus control programs. However, over a period of several years, these small reductions in concentration may be difficult to verify from total phosphorus measurements which have relatively large sampling errors and variances.
MARITAL ASSIMILATION OF POLISH-CATHOLIC AMERICANS: A CASE STUDY IN SYRACUSE, N.Y., 1940–1970

The spatial pattern of marriages in conjunction with ethnic identity is used to study one case of assimilation in America. Changing marriage patterns for Polish-American Catholics in Syracuse, New York between 1940 and 1970 reveal a considerable increase in exogamy based upon national origin. Exogamy is associated with residential outmovement of Polish-Americans from the ethnic core, and to a lesser extent it has occurred among those Polish-Americans in the core. A pan-Catholic group is emerging because Polish-Catholics are marrying other Catholics.
Critical assessment of the historical development of radar polarization technology towards radar polarimetry culminating in fully polarimetric-interferometric SAR

In this historical assessment of the development from polarization radar systems technology towards fully polarimetric POL-SAR airborne, high-altitude drones and satellite sensors, the at times slow and stepwise advances in step with -polarization device manufacture are critically analyzed. The main contributions from Kennaugh's fundamental polarization radar optimal null postulates of 1952 and its verification by Poelman in the 1970'ies with the first full polarimetric radar at SHAPE-TC will be highlighted, resulting with the chance discovery of Huynen's dissertation of 1970 in a thorough re-assessment of optimal polarization theory derived from Sinclair's scattering matrix formulation. With the introduction of the correct transformation matrix operators by Kostinski & Boerner 1982 for polarization basis transformation plus proper reduction of the 4×4 to the 3×3 reduced covariance and coherency matrices by Lueneburg & Boerner of the 1980'ies, it was possible to derive novel covariance matrix decomposition theories either based on physical reasoning by Durden & Freeman or on optimal eigenvalue theories by Cloude & Pottier during the 1990'ies. Hand in hand with digital SAR processing advances, polarimetric SAR systems technology enjoyed successful airborne (AIR-SAR, E-SAR, Convair-580 & PI-SAR) of the 1990ies, shuttle (SIR-C/XSAR) 1994, and satellite (ALOS-PALSAR, RADARSAT-II & Terra-SAR-X) verification of the past ten years, resulting in the first tandem satellite formation of TanDEM-X 2010. Although various incomplete dual-pol and compact-pol SAR implementations were and are still being pursued, the irreversible quest for fully polarimetric POL-IN-SAR decomposition theories of Yamaguchi with its verification by multi-band airborne, high-altitude drones and satellite sensors is highlighted. The succinct overview will be concluded with a comprehensive assessment of its plethora of steadily increasing applications including next to polar also equatorially orbiting tandem POL-IN-SAR sensors.
Clinical characteristics and surgical management of vascular complications in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization : interventional versus diagnostic procedures

Abstract The purpose of this report is to define the clinical characteristics and outcome of surgical management of vascular complications after interventional cardiac catheterization and to contrast them to those after diagnostic cardiac catheterization. From October 1985 to December 1989, 101 patients were treated for 106 vascular complications after 1866 interventional and 5046 diagnostic cardiac catheterizations at the University of Michigan Medical Center. Interventional catheterizations resulted in 69 vascular complications in 64 patients (frequency 3.4%). The most common interventions included coronary angioplasty (34), of which 10 required percutaneous partial cardiopulmonary bypass, intraaortic balloon pump placement (14), and aortic valvuloplasty (11). Interventional catheterrelated complications included hemorrhage (33), arterial thrombosis (18), pseudoaneurysm formation (12), catheter embolization (2), thromboembolism (2), as well as arteriovenous fistula, pseudoaneurysm, and arterial dissection (1 each). Fifteen of these 69 patients (24%) had suffered acute myocardial infarction just before their catheterization. Surgical repair was performed under local anesthesia in 70% of patients. Major vascular reconstructions were required in 9% of patients. Three percent of the involved lower extremities had to be amputated because of complications occurring after arterial puncture. Eight percent of the patients incurring vascular complications after interventional procedures died after operation. Diagnostic catheterizations resulted in 37 vascular complications in 37 patients (frequency 0.7%). In contrast to diagnostic cardiac catheterization, vascular complications after interventional cardiac catheterization occurred more frequently, were most often due to hemorrhage at the vascular access site, and occurred in high-risk, critically ill patients. Refinements in catheter construction and insertion technique are necessary to reduce the frequency of these serious complications. In addition, optimal patient care mandates careful coordination between the responsible cardiologist, vascular surgeon, and anesthesiologist. (J VASC SURG 1991;13:593-600.)
An object-oriented approach to planning and managing software development projects

Abstract An object-oriented systems development approach is applied to the planning and control of software development projects with the objective examining places where the computer can provide “intelligent” facilitation of the process. An application design is presented that is based on the procedures used by a moderately sized custom software house. Smalltalk language object classes are defined for project entities such as client, objectives, functions, tasks, and resources. Other objects are used to generate functional and implementation plans and to provide routine reporting, maintenance, and control of active projects. Historical project data can be used to update a planning knowledge base. A constraint directed planning algorithm is used to assign resources and schedule tasks, and points within the system where project management “expertise” can be embedded within the system are identified. It is concluded that the concepts presented within this paper could be extended into related systems design and group decision making activities.
Aberrant V(D)J recombination is not required for rapid development of H2ax/p53-deficient thymic lymphomas with clonal translocations

Histone H2AX is required to maintain genomic stability in cells and to suppress malignant transformation of lymphocytes in mice. H2ax−/−p53−/− mice succumb predominantly to immature αβ T-cell lymphomas with translocations, deletions, and genomic amplifications that do not involve T-cell receptor (TCR). In addition, H2ax−/−p53−/− mice also develop at lower frequencies B and T lymphomas with antigen receptor locus translocations. V(D)J recombination is initiated through the programmed induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the RAG1/RAG2 endonuclease. Because promiscuous RAG1/RAG2 cutting outside of antigen receptor loci can promote genomic instability, H2ax−/−p53−/− T-lineage lymphomas might arise, at least in part, through erroneous V(D)J recombination. Here, we show that H2ax−/−p53−/−Rag2−/− mice exhibit a similar genetic predisposition as do H2ax−/−p53−/− mice to thymic lymphoma with translocations, deletions, and amplifications. We also found that H2ax−/−p53−/−Rag2−/− mice often develop thymic lymphomas with loss or deletion of the p53+ locus. Our data show that aberrant V(D)J recombination is not required for rapid onset of H2ax/p53-deficient thymic lymphomas with genomic instability and that H2ax deficiency predisposes p53−/−Rag2−/− thymocytes to transformation associated with p53 inactivation. Thus, H2AX is essential for suppressing the transformation of developing thymocytes arising from the aberrant repair of spontaneous DSBs.
Measurements of Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions from Turbulent Propane Jet Diffusion Flames

Measurements of global emission indices for NO and NO,were made in unconfined,vertical,propane jet diffusion flames. Initial fuel jet velocities were varied to provide a range of jet Reynolds numbers from 10000 to 60000. The measurements showed that scaling of NO, emission indices with velocity changes as the flame character changes from transitional-turbulent (Re ≈ 10000) to fully turbulent (Re > 20000). At the lower Re condition. the observed scaling approaches that reported in the literature for similar conditions. Arguments are presented to show that radiation losses from the flames may account for the observed scaling. Significant amounts ofN02 were found in the flame plumes. The variation of NO2/NOx, ratios with jet velocity and with radial position was consistent with the hypothesis that NO2is formed in the cooler post-flame regions. in agreement with the findings of others for CO and CO/H2 fueled diffusion flames.
The association of clinical, psychosocial, and angiographic variables with work status in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract The bearing of clinical history, epidemiological risk factors, psychosocial factors, angiographic findings, and treatment characteristics was studied in relationship to the work status of 182 men who underwent coronary angiography because of presumptive coronary artery disease. Follow-up at one year found 42% of the cohort persistently unemployed or working at a lower level,40% at the same job, and 19% at a more demanding job. Multiple regression analysis was used to derive the most important variables predictive of work status. Neither number of vessels diseased nor Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery entered the multiple regression analysis. Instead, the most important variables, listed in decreasing order of importance, are: age, subsequent cardiac morbid events, past myocardial infarction, and mood during the follow-up year. Together, they account for 24% of the variance in work status outcome ( p
Geometric sensitivity of three-dimensional separated flows

Experiments were performed to determine the mean velocity field in two three-dimensional (3D) diffusers with the same fully-developed channel inlet but slightly different expansion geometries. Magnetic resonance velocimetry was used to collect velocity data. Both diffuser flows exhibited 3D boundary layer separation but the size and shape of the separation bubble exhibited a high degree of geometric sensitivity dependent on the dimensions of the diffuser.
Altered DNA contacts made by a mutant AraC protein

Abstract Mutant AraC proteins were selected for their ability to induce but not to repress, or their ability to repress but not to induce the araBAD operon. One such unusual mutant is able to bind to the araI site with an affinity only two to three-fold weaker than the wild type AraC protein, but the mutant protein was shown, both in crude extracts and when purified, to contact only two of the three major groove regions of the DNA that are contacted by the wild type protein.
Crystal Structure of B-Starch from X-Ray Fibre Diagrams

IN recent papers1, Kreger has published fibre data from the B(tuber)-modification of starch. Though his technique is new and interesting, Kreger‘s results mainly confirm data which were published some years ago2. Apparently the earlier fibre diagrams were more highly orientated than Kreger‘s, since the fibre spacing (10·6 ± 0·1 kX.) could be obtained unambiguously from these diagrams. More recently, both B and A (cereal-type) fibres have been prepared by new techniques with truly extraordinary orientations3. The fibre spacing of the A-modification (10·5 kX.) is substantially equal to that of the B-modification, a result not unexpected, since Bear and, French established a very close relationship between these modifications of starch4.
The effects of stiripentol on GABAA receptors

The anticonvulsant stiripentol (Diacomittm) has been shown to have a positive impact on control of seizures for many patients with Dravet syndrome. As with most antiepileptic drugs, stiripentol has multiple mechanisms of action. Its direct anticonvulsant activity is likely due to enhancement of inhibitory, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission. Stiripentol was shown to increase the activity of both neuronal and recombinant GABA(A) receptors at clinically relevant concentrations. At recombinant receptors, stiripentol was found to act through a unique site in a subunit-dependent manner. Positive modulation by stiripentol was most effective at GABA(A) receptors containing an α3 subunit. The expression of the α3 subunit is developmentally regulated, with highest levels in the immature brain. This subunit selectivity may explain the greater clinical efficacy of stiripentol in childhood-onset epilepsies, including Dravet syndrome.
Homology, correspondence, and continuity across development: The case of sleep

The developmental relations among different behaviors can take many forms. At one extreme, two behaviors emerge independently of one another and, at the other extreme, the emergence of one behavior depends on the prior emergence of the other. Whether the two behaviors in the latter case should be designated as developmentally homologous is explored in this essay by reviewing differing approaches to conceptualizing the development of sleep. It is argued that whereas the concept of developmental homology may offer little new to the understanding of sleep development, the conventional notion of evolutionary homology remains to be fully exploited. Identifying homologous sleep processes will benefit from the adoption of a developmental comparative approach that emphasizes real-time sleep dynamics and individual sleep components. Because evolution occurs through the modification of developmental processes, a new commitment to a developmental comparative approach to sleep is a necessary next step toward a better understanding of its evolution.
Effect of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Association upon 1H NMR Spectra of Representative Organonitrogen Compounds

This report is important to achieving single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) solvation, understanding adsorption of molecules on SWCNT surfaces, and SWCNT characterization by NMR. Complexation of 1-...
The incidence and identity of microorganisms present in root canals at filling following culture reversals.

0 ne of the objectives of root canal therapy is to eliminate microorganisms from the root canal system and the periapical tissues of pulpless teeth prior to filling.1 The bacteriologic examination originally described by Onderdonk2 to test for these microorganisms has undergone many modifications over the years. Today the “culture” meCod is the most practical bacteriologic examination and is the only way to check for the elimination of organisms.3 Some endodontists41 ’ require only one report of a sterile root canal culture before filling the canal, while others61 7 require tu.0 consecutive negative reports. In either case, cultures and smears obtained immediately before the filling of root canals often reveal the presence of organisms, even though the cultures obtained at the previous appointments were negative.8, l1 This incidence of culture reversal seemed to vary greatly.*-I1 Some studies, however, used only one negative culture before filling, others used two, and some studies varied the sampling technique itself. Persisting infection was reported by Engstrijm and colleagues lo to reduce the success of treatment. Of the
The effects of pinch width on pinch strengths of adult males using realistic pinch-handle coupling

Abstract This study examined the effects of pinch width on pinch strengths, using more realistic pinching conditions — larger contact area, worktable height pinching level, and freedom to hyperextend the thumb when gripping. Chuck, pulp-2 and lateral pinches were tested at widths within the range of 2.0–14.0 cm among 17 right-handed male volunteers, using the right hand while standing. The results showed that (1) pinch strength was not significantly different between 2.0–5.6 cm for chuck and lateral pinches, nor between 2.0–9.2 cm for pulp-2 pinch, but decreased significantly at wider widths, (2) strength differences between different types of pinches depended on the width of the pinch, (3) chuck pinch was greater than lateral or pulp-2 pinch at all widths, and lateral pinch was greater than pulp-2 pinch from 2.0–5.6 cm width but weaker at greater widths, and (4) pinch strength was much greater under these test conditions compared to the traditional standardized testing conditions, for similar pinch widths. These data may be more relevant to industrial tasks than those in previously published studies.
THE EFFECT OF A MEAL ON CIRCULATING STEADY-STATE PROGESTERONE LEVELS*

Five fasting women had a steady-state concentration of progesterone (P) established by a constant intravenous infusion of P during the early proliferative phase of a spontaneous menstrual cycle. Alterations in the levels of P after the ingestion of a balanced liquid meal were sought. Eight studies were performed utilizing the five women. P levels decreased in all observations; the mean (±se) decrease was 34.2±0.2% 60 minutes after the meal (p=0.0001). By contrast, mean cortisol (F) levels increased 29.5±14.4% (p=0.11) 60 minutes after the meal and postprandial F levels were variable both within and between individuals. The correlation between the change in P and F, 60 minutes after the meal, was not significant (r2=0.015, p=0.77). These findings indicate that: 1) The postprandial state is associated with a transient and large increase in the metabolic clearance rate of P and/or a change in the volume of distribution of P and 2) Increased F levels after meals alone do not appear to account for a postprandi...
Historically Black Colleges and Universities and the Black Business Elite

Are historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) a route into the “black business elite,” defined as those blacks who have been nationally recognized as successful entrepreneurs? To address this question, the present study analyzes data from authoritative encyclopedic sources on the history of black entrepreneurship in America. The findings suggest that HBCUs have a venerable tradition of contributing to the membership of the business elite, especially in the South, and that such institutions continue to be pathways into this select group of entrepreneurs, along with prestigious historically white colleges and universities in the North. By documenting the important role of HBCUs in the creation of an upper stratum of black entrepreneurs, this study adds a new dimension to literature that shows that HBCUs have produced a leadership class that has been instrumental to the social and economic progress of blacks as a group.
The Unique Nature of the Serine Interactions for α1-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Binding and Activation

Activation of the β2- and α2-adrenergic receptors (AR) involves hydrogen bonding of serine residues in the fifth transmembrane segment (TMV) to the catechol hydroxyls of the endogenous agonists, epinephrine and norepinephrine. With the β2-AR both Ser204 and Ser207 but not a third TMV serine (Ser203) are required for binding and full agonist activity. However, with the α2a-AR only one of two TMV serines (Ser204, equivalent to Ser207 in the β-AR) appears to contribute partially to agonist-binding and activation. Because the α1a-AR uniquely contains only two TMV serines, this subtype was used to systematically evaluate the role of hydrogen bonding in α1-AR activation. Binding of epinephrine or its monohydroxyl congeners, phenylephrine and synephrine, was not decreased when tested with alanine-substitution mutants that lacked either Ser188 (Ser188→ Ala) or Ser192 (Ser192→ Ala). With the substitution of both serines in the double mutant, Ser188/192→ Ala, binding of all three ligands was significantly reduced (10-100-fold) consistent with a single hydrogen bond interaction. However, receptor-mediated inositol phosphate production was markedly attenuated only with the Ser188→ Ala mutation and not with Ser192→ Ala. In support of the importance of Ser188, binding of phenylephrine (meta-hydroxyl only) by Ser192→ Ala increased 7-fold over that observed with either the wild type receptor or the Ser188→ Ala mutation. Binding of synephrine (para-hydroxyl only) was unchanged with the Ser192→ Ala mutation. In addition, when combined with a recently described constitutively active α1a-AR mutation (Met292→ Leu), only the Ser188→ Ala mutation and not Ser192→ Ala relieved the high affinity binding and increased agonist potency observed with the Met292→ Leu mutation. A simple interpretation of these findings is that the meta-hydroxyl of the endogenous agonists preferentially binds to Ser188, and it is this hydrogen bond interaction, and not that between the para-hydroxyl and Ser192, that allows receptor activation. Furthermore, since Ser188 and Ser192 are separated by three residues on the TMV α-helix, whereas Ser204 and Ser207 of the β2-AR are separated by only two residues, the orientation of the catechol ring in the α1-AR binding pocket appears to be unique and rotated approximately 120° to that in the β2-AR.
Study of the optimum orientation of Bluetooth antennas on wearable transceivers

This paper describes the measurement of the path loss between a transceiver mounted on the waist level and a upper chest-mounted Bluetooth device, comparing the polarization of antennas in an attempt to find the best orientation and placement of the antennas on the Bluetooth devices. The basic characteristics of commercially available Bluetooth antennas were briefly described and the results of an actual implementation are also presented.
Risk factors for pre-eclampsia in an Asian population.

Abstract Objective: To identify the risk factors for pre-eclampsia in an Asian population. Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 29 375 Taiwanese women who delivered between July 1990 and September 1998, excluding pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension or fetal malformations. Result: Four hundred and fifteen women had pre-eclampsia (1.4%). Women who had a history of pre-eclampsia (OR 6.3, 95% CI 4.4, 9.2), multiple gestation (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.4, 5.5), a prepregnancy BMI>24.2 kg/m2 (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8, 3.1), were>34 years of age (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4, 2.4), nulliparous (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2, 1.5), had urinary tract infection (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.5, 15.8), or worked during pregnancy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4, 2.4) were at increased risk of pre-eclampsia. Conclusion: Some of the risk factors for pre-eclampsia among Asian women are the same as those of other ethnic groups, whereas some of the risk factors are different.
Location Models for the Forest Products Industry and Other Applications

Abstract Two models were developed to locate facilities for the timber harvesting industry. Addressed is a case of the facility location-allocation problem. The optimum number and location of landings, facilities to which timber is transshipped, are determined so as to minimize a cost function. This function is composed of the following components: (1) cost of transporting material from its original location to a landing, (2) cost of establishing a landing (facility cost), and (3) cost of transporting material from the landings to some designated point termed the origin. Computer output is designed to facilitate production planning and includes plotter-drawn graphics. Although both models have been developed under a grant from the U.S. Forest Service for the forest products industry, the models have broader application and hence, other industrial applications are addressed.
Self-Assembly of Sticky TABs: Inclusion Complexes and Hydrates from 1,3,5-Tris(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzene

Six structures of crystalline materials obtained via the self-assembly of a 1,3,5-triaroylbenzene (TAB) derivative peripherally functionalized with phenol residues (“sticky” groups) have been determined. Two general structural types were observed: highly symmetrical assemblies mediated by direct ArOH···OC hydrogen bonding (space group R3c) and extensively hydrated structures in which water molecules occupy bridging positions between phenol and carbonyl groups (space group P21/n). The former architecture accommodates included solvate molecules (EtOAc or H2O) within an interpenetrated α-Po type TAB network. In the case of the hydrate, water molecules do not appear to be involved in any intermolecular interactions despite excellent hydrogen-bonding ability. Structures of the latter type feature well-defined voids for guest enclathration (guest = acetone, EtOH, MeOH). The observed supramolecular interactions are discussed in the context of potential applications in crystal engineering.