cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Loss of Dependence on Continued Expression of the Human Papillomavirus 16 E7 Oncogene in Cervical Cancers and Precancerous Lesions Arising in Fanconi Anemia Pathway-Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by defects in DNA damage repair. FA patients often develop squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at sites where high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known to cause cancer, including the cervix. However, SCCs found in human FA patients are often HPV negative, even though the majority of female FA patients with anogenital cancers had preexisting HPV-positive dysplasia. We hypothesize that HPVs contribute to the development of SCCs in FA patients but that the continued expression of HPV oncogenes is not required for the maintenance of the cancer state because FA deficiency leads to an accumulation of mutations in cellular genes that render the cancer no longer dependent upon viral oncogenes. We tested this hypothesis, making use of Bi-L E7 transgenic mice in which we temporally controlled expression of HPV16 E7, the dominant viral oncogene in HPV-associated cancers. As seen before, the persistence of cervical neoplastic disease was highly dependent upon the continued expression of HPV16 E7 in FA-sufficient mice. However, in mice with FA deficiency, cervical cancers persisted in a large fraction of the mice after HPV16 E7 expression was turned off, indicating that these cancers had escaped from their dependency on E7. Furthermore, the severity of precancerous lesions also failed to be reduced significantly in the mice with FA deficiency upon turning off expression of E7. These findings confirm our hypothesis and may explain the fact that, while FA patients have a high frequency of infections by HPVs and HPV-induced precancerous lesions, the cancers are frequently HPV negative. IMPORTANCE Fanconi anemia (FA) patients are at high risk for developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at sites where high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) frequently cause cancer. Yet these SCCs are often HPV negative. FA patients have a genetic defect in their capacity to repair damaged DNA. HPV oncogenes cause an accumulation of DNA damage. We hypothesize, therefore, that DNA damage induced by HPV leads to an accumulation of mutations in patients with FA deficiency and that such mutations allow HPV-driven cancers to become independent of the viral oncogenes. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that cervical cancers arising in HPV16 transgenic mice with FA deficiency frequently escape from dependency on the HPV16 oncogene that drove its development. Our report provides further support for vaccination of FA patients against HPVs and argues for the need to define mutational profiles of SCCs arising in FA patients in order to inform precision medicine-based approaches to treating these patients.
Abnormal Perinatal Behaviour in the Thoroughbred Horse

SUMMARY Diagnosis in veterinary medicine is based upon observations of the manner in which the behavioural patterns differ from those exhibited by normal subjects. The newborn foal adapts to an advanced level of activity within a period which is short relative to many other species, and the behavioural patterns which it exhibits during the period of adaptation are comparatively stereotyped. Because the status of any newborn mammal is affected by its previous experience of foetal development and birth, the behavioural patterns of the mother form an important anamnesis in the life of each individual neonate. Marked deviations of maternal behavioural patterns are not common amongst thoroughbred mares. Those that occur are primarily concerned with a failure to establish the normal epimeletic behaviour. Minor aberrations include the act of foaling during daylight hours, first stage signs which are not followed by those of second stage, delivery of the foal in the standing position, and rising to the feet immediately after delivery from the normal recumbent position. It is considered that many deviations are the result of the methods of management of the parturient mares including the habit of confining them to boxes in the presence of attendants. Further study is required on the effects of management of foaling mares and also on the mechanisms involved in the establishment of the mother–foal bond. The normal behavioural patterns of the newborn foal are well recognized in clinical practice and previous studies have been reported. Departures from the normal are frequently used in veterinary practice as pathognomic evidence of the presence of a variety of conditions and disease processes. The extent to which this is justified is questioned on the grounds that many signs are common to differing entities. Some of the components of the behavioural patterns are discussed. The foal’s behavioural patterns may be disturbed as a result of the individual suffering from foetal distress or chemical and traumatic experiences during the birth process, as well as by infections with both viral and bacterial microorganisms. The “barker” syndrome, or as it is preferred, “convulsive and allied syndromes” are highlighted in the paper as being of exceptional interest with regard to disturbances in the behavioural patterns. These include clonic convulsions, champing of the jaws, loss of suck reflex, intense high-pitched whinnying sounds and interference with care-seeking behaviour. A summary of behavioural patterns exhibited by foals suffering from this type of condition is presented.
Lesbian women of color.

(1996). Lesbian Women of Color. Journal of Lesbian Studies: Vol. 1, Classics in Lesbian Studies Part I, pp. 109-147.
Quintilian and Modern Writing

ABSTRACTQuintilian makes writing one of the four interrelating elements (with reading, speaking, and listening) to be used in producing in his “perfect orator” what he calls “habit” (hexis), or the facility of being able to write or speak well on any subject. It requires constant study over time, requires organization, and is reinforced by constant practice. His practical observations on writing may well have value for us in modern times.
The Celebrity of Salatin: Can a Famous Lunatic Farmer Change the Food System?

This essay analyzes Joel Salatin’s celebrity as a sustainable farmer to explore the ways his public persona manages underlying tensions in the alterative food movement. Using his many film appearances as well as ethnographic notes from a full day workshop with Salatin as data, this paper explores how Salatin’s celebrity status obscures many of the challenges facing food activists behind the veneer of the charming, folksy farmer and the rhetoric of freedom (freedom from the corporate food system and corrupt government practices). The tensions between Salatin’s free-market, anti-regulation politics and the mainstream environmental movement, we argue, are managed and contained through nostalgic images of Salatin as the white, male, yeoman farmer and the masculinization of sustainability. By using an appeal to traditional masculinities to market sustainable food to the mainstream, Salatin’s celebrity (like all celebrity identities) works to support consumption and market-driven solutions to current environmental and food justice crises. In the process, these solutions ignore how the market itself is culpable in creating such crises. By obscuring this tautology, Salatin’s celebrity suggests we can consume our way out of the injustices of the current food system.
Propulsive heading control and damping-induced heading recovery for a free hydrofoil with an internal rotor

Regulating the heading of a free planar hydrofoil by spinning a rotor mounted to the foil using linear feedback can generate forward propulsion as a byproduct, and sufficient variety exists among heading controllers of this kind to regulate the foil's translational speed in parallel without a second control input. Regulating the heading of the foil is complicated, however, by a recovery phenomenon resulting from viscous drag whereby reorientation of the foil during actuation is partly undone once actuation is ceased. Aspects of this phenomenon can be reproduced by a relatively simple nonlinear model.
Smoke, Mirrors, and Black Boxes: Imaging the Invisible World

This talk highlights current research efforts using a fusion of UV fluorescence/Raman spectroscopy, imaging, and analytical methods to detect microbes, organics, and signatures of life on natural and anthropogenic surfaces. Article not available.
Dual Acceptance of Web Diffusion: A Case of Clients and Servers

This study introduces the concept of dual acceptance to the diffusion of innovation theory and calls for new modifications to the diffusion of interactive media in the particular case of the Web technology, a client/server architecture. The diffusion of Web clients and Web servers creates a dual acceptance phenomenon and crossed-reciprocal interdependence relationships, which stimulate. . .
Engaging Generation Y: The Millennial Challenge

This chapter describes characteristics of the millennial generation and discusses the special circumstances which produced their attitudes and mind sets. Generation Y is compared to the “Xers” and Baby Boomers as it relates to their motivations and engagement in the workplace. Considering the rapidly changing nature of the workplace, the chapter identifies techniques for inspiring and leading the millennials.
Comments, Dialogue, and Supplemental Reading: Eastern African Coast

This chapter critiques the use of linguistic evidence in the preceding case study of feasting on the Swahili coast. Commentary focuses in particular on issues of dating historical linguistic evidence with a specific focus on debates surrounding the divergence dates for the Swahili, Sabaki, and Northeast Coastal groups. These debates have an important impact on the correlations archaeologists can make between the linguistic and material records. The chapter also introduces additional historical evidence embedded in published word reconstructions for Sabaki and Swahili as revealed by their etymologies and morphologies and their position as constituent parts of lexicons. The dialogue clarifies points raised in the commentary, particularly around dating and the issues of narrative scale, patterning, and preservation that make interdisciplinary research difficult without formal training in multiple disciplines. The revised narrative at the end of the chapter changes the argument offered in Chap. 4 by shifting the topic to focus not only on feasting but on the earlier emergence of lexicon describing performative verbal jousting that was later incorporated into the novel social settings developed around competitive feasts in the early second millennium.
Teaching computer organization: a practical approach

Computer organization is one of the core courses in the computing curricula. Providing a good applied experience in this course is crucial for all the computing disciplines, especially, if this important area is introduced to the students through just one course during their undergraduate education. In this paper, we share our classroom experience and present the different tools we use, whether hardware or software, that provide a practical understanding of the various aspects of computer organization and architecture that help solidify the students' knowledge in this area.
Landstad Duality for Coactions on C *-Algebras

Landstad’s duality theorem for C*-dynamical systems characterizes algebras arising as crossed products by actions of a given group. We state a dual version, characterizing cocrossed products by coactions.
COMPARISON OF FOUR REGIMENS FOR INTRAORAL ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATION TO INDUCE SEDATION IN CATS PRIOR TO EUTHANASIA

Objective To compare regimens for oral administration of medication to induce sedation in dogs prior to euthanasia. Design Prospective randomized clinical study. Animals 37 dogs. Procedure Groups and medications were as follows: group 1, acepromazine (n = 8); group 2, tiletamine-zolazepam (8); group 3, tiletamine-zolazepam and acepromazine (8); group 4, tiletamine-zolazepam and butorphanol (6); and group 5, pentobarbital sodium (7). Capsules or tablets were placed in each dog's food. Sedation was scored at 3-minute intervals after consumption of medication for at least 60 minutes. Dogs with signs of persistent or progressive sedation were observed for 90 minutes. Results Only 2 dogs in group 1 became slightly ataxic. All group-2 dogs were slightly ataxic, and 4 of 8 became laterally recumbent (mean time to lateral recumbency, 62 minutes). Seven of 8 group-3 dogs became sternally recumbent, and 6 of these dogs became laterally recumbent (mean, 48.6 minutes). Four of 6 group-4 dogs were slightly or moderately ataxic, and 1 of these dogs became laterally recumbent (mean, 48 minutes). One dog in group 5 was not affected by the medication, but all other group-5 dogs became laterally recumbent (mean, 59 minutes). Clinical implications Of the medications evaluated, tiletamine-zolazepam and acepromazine at dosages of approximately 20 mg/kg (9.1 mg/lb) and 2 mg/kg (0.91 mg/lb), respectively, or pentobarbital sodium alone (63.2 +/- 5.1 mg/kg [28.7 +/- 2.3 mg/lb]) most consistently induced profound sedation and lateral recumbency after oral administration to dogs.
Role of L-arginine-derived nitric oxide in cholinergic dilation of gastric arterioles

The role of L-arginine-derived nitric oxide (NO) in cholinergic vasodilation of resistance vessels was studied in the intact stomach of the rat, utilizing an in vivo microscopy technique. Two L-arginine analogues, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), were used to block NO synthesis. Cholinergic dilation of gastric submucosal arterioles was induced by topical application of various concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) (10(-7)-10(-4) M). Intravenous but not topical administration of L-NMMA and L-NAME caused an increase in arterial pressure. Intravenous or topical L-NAME reduces resting arteriolar diameter. These findings support the contention that NO formation modulates basal vascular tone and suggest that NO release may play a significant role in the regulation of the gastric circulation. L-Arginine analogues attenuated the arteriolar dilating effect of ACh but not adenosine or nitroglycerin. Substantial arteriolar responses to ACh remained after systemic or topical treatment with either L-NMMA or L-NAME. These results indicate that the L-arginine-NO pathway accounts only in part for ACh-induced vasodilation in gastric resistance vessels in vivo.
Emotions in school and symptoms of psychological maladjustment from kindergarten to first grade.

Abstract The associations between children’s (N = 301) observed expression of positive and negative emotion in school and symptoms of psychological maladjustment (i.e., depressive and externalizing symptoms) were examined from kindergarten to first grade. Positive and negative emotional expressivity levels were observed in school settings, and teachers reported on measures of children’s externalizing and depressive symptoms. In longitudinal panel models testing bidirectional paths, depressive symptoms in kindergarten were negatively associated with positive expressivity in first grade but not vice versa. Children’s externalizing symptoms in kindergarten predicted higher negative expressivity in school in first grade. There was also significant prediction of externalizing in first grade by negative expressivity during kindergarten. Implications about child psychological maladjustment in early schooling are discussed.
Review of Sickle Cell Disease and Spinal Pathology.

Study Design:Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a relatively common blood disorder that has profound implications on the musculoskeletal system and particularly the spine; however, there is a paucity of ...
Study of Sentinel-1 Data for Monitoring Vegetated Areas Assisted with Landsat 8 Data

Vegetation monitoring is important in earth science. It plays an essential role in biomass estimation, soil moisture retrieval, irrigation planning, and it also can help us better understand climate change, among others. Sentinel-1 data acquired since 2014 with a particularly short revisit period is well suited to monitor vegetation growth. In this paper, we analyze the temporal behavior of backscattering coefficients as well as the cross-pol ratio (VH/VV) of an agricultural area and a forest obtained from Sentinel-1A data. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from Landsat 8 data is used to roughly differentiate vegetated and non-vegetated areas. This study verifies the feasibility of Sentinel-1 data to vegetation monitoring, and gives the physical interpretation of the observed experimental results, which provides a useful information for the next phase of radar data applications, such as image classification.
Meter-based synthesis of equipment schedules for improved models of electrical demand in multifamily buildings

The authors present a novel method for using electrical meter data to synthesize realistic equipment use schedules that can improve models of electrical demand in buildings. Other methods exist for...
High Pressure Behavior of Mercury Difluoride (HgF2)

Abstract The pressure-induced cubic → orthorhombic transition occurring in HgF2 was investigated via X-ray diffraction and density functional theory. The predicted, ambient cubic (Fm-3m) fluorite structure of HgF2, can be obtained using a high-pressure ramp purification process of HgF2 mixed with XeF2. Subsequently, the purified HgF2 underwent a phase transition from the fluorite to the orthorhombic cotunnite-type structure near 4.7 GPa, persisting to 63 GPa. An equation of state fit yielded a bulk modulus K0 of 94.4 GPa for the fluorite-type structure and zero-pressure volume V0 of 168.6 A3, and K0 = 92.9 GPa and V0 = 156.4 A3 for the cotunnite-type structure.
Demonstrating Spindra: A Geographic Knowledge Graph Management System

Knowledge Graphs are widely used to store facts about real-world entities and events. With the ubiquity of spatial data, vertexes or edges in knowledge graphs can possess spatial location attributes side by side with other non-spatial attributes. For instance, as of June 2018 the Wikidata knowledge graph contains 48; 547; 142 data items (i.e., vertexes) to date and ≈13% of them have spatial location attributes. The co-existence of the graph and spatial data in the same geographic knowledge graph allows users to search the graph with local intent. Many location-based services such as UberEats, GrubHub, and Yelp already employ similar knowledge graphs to enhance the location search experience for their end-users. In this paper, we demonstrate a system, namely Spindra, that provides efficient management of geographic knowledge graphs. We demonstrate the system using an interactive map-based web interface that allows users to issue location-aware search queries over the WikiData knowledge graph. The Front end will then visualize the returned geographic knowledge to the user using OpenStreetMaps.
Long-term complications and reconstruction failures in previously radiated breast cancer patients receiving salvage mastectomy with autologous reconstruction or tissue expander/implant-based reconstruction.

Salvage mastectomy (SM) is the standard of care for patients with local recurrence (LR) after breast conservation therapy (BCT), often with immediate reconstruction. Complications of reconstruction are a concern for these patients, and long-term data are limited. We sought to compare rates of complications requiring re-operation (CRR) and reconstruction failure (RF) between autologous reconstruction (AR) and tissue expander/implant reconstruction (TE/I). Patients with locally recurrent breast cancer after BCT, treated with SM and immediate AR or TE/I between 2000 and 2008, were identified. CRR was defined as unplanned return to operating room for wound infection, dehiscence, necrosis (including flap, skin, or fat), hematoma, or hernia (for AR) and extrusion, leak, or capsular contracture (for TE/I). RF was defined as conversion to another reconstruction technique or to flat chest wall. This study included 103 patients with 107 reconstructions. Median follow-up was 6.6 years. CRR and RF were significantly higher with TE/I (n = 34) compared to AR (n = 73) at 5 years (50.9% vs 25.5%; P = 0.02) and (42.1% vs 5.8%; P < 0.001). On univariate analysis (UVA), TE/I (HR = 2.14; P = 0.02) and diabetes (HR = 5.10; P = 0.007) were significant predictors for CRR. On UVA, TE/I (HR = 7.30; P < 0.001) and older age at reconstruction (HR = 1.03; P = 0.003) were significant predictors for RF. In this population of previously irradiated patients, TE/I was associated with significantly higher CRR and RF. Complications continue to occur up to 10 years after TE/I. AR should be considered in appropriately selected patients, though TE/I may remain a reasonable option in patients without high-risk factors for surgical complications.
Some Properties of the Multivariate Generalized Hyperbolic Laws

The purpose of this study is to characterize multivariate generalized hyperbolic (MGH) distributions and their conditionals by considering the MGH as a subclass of the mean-variance mixing of the multivariate normal law. The essential contribution here lies in expressing MGH densities by utilizing various integral representations of the Bessel function. Moreover, in a more convenient form these modified density representations are more advantageous for deriving limiting results. The forms are also convenient for studying the transient as well as tail behavior of MGH distributions. The results include the normal distribution as a limiting form for the MGH distribution. To support the MGH model an empirical study is conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the MGH distribution for modeling not only high frequency data but also for modeling low frequency data. This is against the currently prevailing notion that the MGH model is relevant for modeling only high frequency data.
Linkage of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodiumberghei to infection of immature erythrocytes of mice

Abstract Studies of infective potency were done to determine why chloroquine-resistant P. berghei is an obligate parasite of immature erythrocytes. Infective potency was estimated from the length of time required for mice to develop parasitemia of 2% (delay in parasitemia). The delay in parasitemia was an inverse linear function of the logarithm of the number of parasites inoculated. A single regression line fitted the data both for susceptible and for resistant parasites, indicating identical infective potencies which, in turn, indicates that chloroquine-resistant P. berghei selects and preferentially infects immature erythrocytes whereas it rejects mature erythrocytes.
Volumetric imaging of synaptic activity at depth by adaptive optical Bessel focus scanning multiphoton microscopy (Conference Presentation)

An enabling technology for the monitoring of neural activity, multiphoton microscopy with Bessel focus scanning is a high-speed volumetric imaging method with subcellular lateral resolution. Similar to many other optical microscopy techniques, however, its axially extended Bessel-like focus experiences sample-induced optical aberrations, which lead to reduced resolution and image contrast at depth. In this study, we demonstrated an adaptive optical Bessel focus scanning multiphoton microscope with pupil-segmentation-based wavefront sensing and highly efficient sample-plane aberration correction. Applying it to mouse brain imaging in vivo, we observed up to threefold signal enhancement for functional spine imaging at depth.
Verb argument construction complexity indices and L2 writing quality: Effects of writing tasks and prompts

Abstract The purpose of the study is to investigate whether verb argument construction (VAC) based indices of syntactic complexity significantly vary in different second language (L2) writing tasks and whether such complexity measures vary in their relationship to writing quality. The present study used data from three different L2 writing tasks: descriptive, independent, and integrated. Descriptive essays (N = 70) were taken from the Michigan State University corpus ( Connor-Linton & Polio, 2014 ). Independent (N = 70) and integrated (N = 70) essays were selected from TOEFL public use dataset. Each corpus contained an equal number of essays written on two prompts (for a total of six prompts). Each essay was rated by two trained raters using TOEFL independent or integrated writing rubrics. The selected essays were stratified by writing scores, and it was made sure that the scores were normally distributed. The Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Syntactic Sophistication and Complexity ( Kyle, 2016 ) was used to calculate the VAC-based indices. Multinomial logistic regression and linear models were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that VAC-based complexity measures vary by L2 writing tasks and that the relationship between VAC measures and L2 writing quality is also task-dependent with few prompt-based effects.
Relationship between community environments and suicide behaviors

Objective To explore the relationship between the neighborhood environment and the residents' suicidal risk and provide evidence for suicide prevention. Methods The study sample consisted of 392 young suicides (aged 15-34 years) and 416 community living controls from the same areas of China ( randomly selected from 16 rural counties in three provinces). Social factors in the village neighborhoods were measured by the WHO SUPRE-MISS scale of Community Stress and Problems. Psychological autopsy methods and multivariable Logistic regression were employed. Two informants were interviewed to collect the information of each subject. Results It was found that there was positive correlation between the community surrounding score and suicide. The community stress and problems was the main risk factor for suicide(Wald χ2=10.036, P<0.05, OR=1.323). Family disputes, inconvenience transportation, lack of health care and job security, alcohol abuse, and superstition can increase the suicidal risks among rural young Chinese. It was still indicated that relative poverty, suffering from a mental illness(OR=32.346) were the risk factors; but good education, married and good health were the protective factors for suicide. Conclusion Further improving the social assistance system, solving the existing community stress and problems, building better community environment are needed to reduce the stress of community residents. Psychological screening and the community mental health intervention for high-risk groups should be strengthened to improve residents’response capacity to stress. Those measures can reduce the suicide rate of China rural community residents effectively. Key words: Suicide behaviors; Community stress and problems; Psychological autopsy; Case control study
How Local Governments Are Caring for the Homeless During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This article discusses the plight of the homeless during public health emergencies and the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It reviews the role of public administrators that grounds their efforts by examining their foundational purpose to serve the most vulnerable in our society. Using subsidiarity principle as the context, it discusses homelessness in America and the role of the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development and their Continuum of Care program. It also highlights the role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during public health emergencies and their interim guidelines for local governments in providing for the homeless during emergencies. Finally, through a case study on the city of Dallas, Texas, the article examines how local governments have responded to address the needs of the homeless during the COVID-19 pandemic. It concludes that it is imperative that public administrators at all levels of government explore areas of shared competence, cooperation, and allocate responsibility where it would yield the most efficient result.
Mini Review: Recent progress in RT-LAMP enabled COVID-19 detection

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has infected millions of people around the globe. The outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) poses a great health risk to the public. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of the virus plays a crucial role in treatment of the disease and saving lives. The current standard method for coronavirus detection is the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. However, laboratory-based RT-PCR test for SARS-COV-2 requires complex facilities and elaborate training of operators, thus suffering from limit testing capacity and delayed results. Consequently, isothermal PCR such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been emerging as a great alternative to the RT-PCR method. LAMP possesses some fundamental advantages such as amplification at a constant temperature, exclusion of a thermal cycler, a faster test result, and potentially a larger diagnostic capacity, while maintaining similar sensitivity and specificity, thus making it more suitable than the RT-PCR for monitoring a pandemic. Starting with a brief introduction of the working principle of LAMP method, this review summarizes recent progress in LAMP-enabled SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA detection. Lastly, future research directions are discussed. This critical review will motivate biosensor community in furthering the present research, which may pave the road for rapid and large-scale screening of SARS-CoV-2.
Hyperammonemia in acetaminophen toxicity.

Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity can result in hyperammonemia, but it is not clear if elevated ammonia concentrations predict encephalopathy.We retrospectively studied patients with acetaminoph...
Accuracy of Dexcom G6 Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Non-Critically Ill Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Advances in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have transformed ambulatory diabetes management. Until recently, inpatient use of CGM has remained investigational, with limited data on its accuracy in the hospital setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To analyze the accuracy of Dexcom G6, we compared retrospective matched-pair CGM and capillary point-of-care (POC) glucose data from three inpatient CGM studies (two interventional and one observational) in general medicine and surgery patients with diabetes treated with insulin. Analysis of accuracy metrics included mean absolute relative difference (MARD), median absolute relative difference (ARD), and proportion of CGM values within 15, 20, and 30% or 15, 20, and 30 mg/dL of POC reference values for blood glucose >100 mg/dL or ≤100 mg/dL, respectively (% 15/15, % 20/20, % 30/30). Clinical reliability was assessed with Clarke error grid (CEG) analyses. RESULTS A total of 218 patients were included (96% with type 2 diabetes) with a mean age of 60.6 ± 12 years. The overall MARD (n = 4,067 matched glucose pairs) was 12.8%, and median ARD was 10.1% (interquartile range 4.6, 17.6]. The proportions of readings meeting % 15/15, % 20/20, and % 30/30 criteria were 68.7, 81.7, and 93.8%, respectively. CEG analysis showed 98.7% of all values in zones A and B. MARD and median ARD were higher in the case of hypoglycemia ( CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CGM technology is a reliable tool for hospital use and may help improve glucose monitoring in non–critically ill hospitalized patients with diabetes.
The Informativeness of Analysts' Cash Flow Forecasts: International Evidence

In an international setting, this study investigates the information content of analysts’ cash flow forecasts by examining the immediate market reaction to analysts’ cash flow forecast revisions. Using a large sample from 57 countries or jurisdictions over the period 1994 to 2018, we find that when cash flow forecasts are revised along with earnings forecasts, there is a significant market reaction to analysts’ cash flow forecast revisions incremental to the reaction to earnings forecast revisions. Using the accrual index based on the sample in the pre-IFRS period, we find that market reaction to cash flow (earnings) forecasts decreases (increases) in countries with more extensive use of accrual accounting. This suggests that cash flow forecasts are utilised by investors to a greater extent when cash flow information is key to their valuations and that earnings forecast information is valued more when accrual accounting is more widely used. Finally, using a difference-in-differences design, we document that investors react to analysts’ cash flow forecast revisions more strongly after mandatory IFRS adoption, which is consistent with analysts being able to provide a higher quality of forecasts after IFRS adoption.
Two- and Three- Dimensional Behavior of the Large Scales in Rotating Turbulence

Weak turbulence theory is treated as an approximate solution of the DIA equations for rotating turbulence. The consistency of weak turbulence theory with numerical simulations of rotating turbulence in small aspect-ratio domains is evaluated. Finally, the possibility of four-wave interactions in this problem and in the problem of compressible rotating turbulence is discussed.
Antileishmanial action of 4-thiopyrazolo (3.4-d) pyrimidine and its ribonucleoside. Biological effects and metabolism.

Abstract Thiopurinol [4-thiopyrazolo(3,4- d )pyrimidine, TPP] and its ribonucleoside (TPPR) were effective in vitro against the intracellular and extracellular forms of Leishmania donovani and the extracellular forms of L. braziliensis and L. mexicana . They also inhibited the transformation of the amastigote of L. donovani to the promastigote. These thio-analogues had about the same activity as allopurinol [4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4- d )pyrimidine, HPP] and its ribonucleoside (HPPR). The thiopyrazolopyrimidines were converted primarily to the ribonucleoside-5'-phosphate (TPPR-MP) and to an unidentified metabolite, but not to any of the adenine ribonucleotide analogues previously shown to be formed from allopurinol and its ribonucleoside. There was an antagonism between the growth-inhibitory effects of allopurinol and thiopurinol. This is consistent with the findings that the intracellular concentrations of TPP and TPPR-MP are sufficient to inhibit the conversion of allopurinol to allopurinol ribonucleotide (HPPR-MP) by the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase by 30 per cent and the amination of HPPR-MP by adenylosuccinate synthetase by 50 per cent respectively. Consequently, the incorporation of the aminated product (aminopyrazolopyrimidine) into RNA was substantially decreased. The difference in metabolism between the thio- and hydroxypyrazolopyrimidines suggests a difference in their mechanisms of action against the pathogenic leishmania.
Category independent object proposals

We propose a category-independent method to produce a bag of regions and rank them, such that top-ranked regions are likely to be good segmentations of different objects. Our key objectives are completeness and diversity: every object should have at least one good proposed region, and a diverse set should be top-ranked. Our approach is to generate a set of segmentations by performing graph cuts based on a seed region and a learned affinity function. Then, the regions are ranked using structured learning based on various cues. Our experiments on BSDS and PASCAL VOC 2008 demonstrate our ability to find most objects within a small bag of proposed regions.
Interleukin-5 selectively enhances the chemotactic response of eosinophils obtained from normal but not eosinophilic subjects.

We have attempted to determine whether interleukin-5 (IL-5), a cytokine that selectively affects eosinophil (as opposed to neutrophil) differentiation and activation, also modulates eosinophil migrational responses. Using a modified Boyden chemotaxis assay, IL-5, IL-3, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gave a weak locomotory response for eosinophils from normal nonatopic subjects (optimal at 10(-11), 10(-8), and 10(-9) mol/L, respectively), but not for eosinophils from subjects with an eosinophilia associated with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. In contrast, IL-5 and IL-3 had no effect on neutrophils, while GM-CSF was chemotactic for neutrophils over a limited concentration range, optimal at 10(-8) mol/L. When eosinophils from normal subjects were incubated with IL-5 (10(-9) mol/L), the locomotory response to platelet-activating factor (PAF; 10(-8) mol/L, P less than .05), leukotriene B4 (LTB4; 10(-6) mol/L, P less than .01), and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP; 10(-8) mol/L, P less than .01) was significantly enhanced. The percentage enhancement of eosinophil locomotion by IL-5 was greater for eosinophils from normal as compared with subjects with an eosinophilia associated with asthma (P less than .05 for PAF and LTB4; P less than .01 for FMLP). Preincubation of eosinophils from normal subjects with IL-5 (10(-9) mol/L) attenuated the subsequent locomotory response to IL-5 (10(-12) and 10(-11) mol/L, P less than .05). Therefore, the observed refractoriness of eosinophils from eosinophilic subjects to both directional migratory and priming effects of IL-5 in vitro, may reflect a deactivation process resulting from prior exposure in vivo. The selective priming of eosinophil but not neutrophil locomotion by IL-5 suggests that this cytokine may play a significant role in the preferential accumulation of eosinophils at sites of allergic inflammation.
Interference Susceptibility of a Typical Deep Space Network Receiving System

The Deep Space Network (DSN), operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA, is used primarily for communication with interplanetary spacecraft. The high sensitivity required to achieve communication with distant spacecraft makes the DSN very susceptible to radio frequency interference (RFI). In this article a comprehensive description of the interference susceptibility of a typical DSN receiving system is given. Specifically, the effects of interference on the carrier tracking loop, the telemetry receiving subsystem, and the saturation effect on the maser, are presented.
Towards a Comprehensive Framework for Understanding the Social Environment: In Search of Theory for Practice

SUMMARY This paper presents a conceptual framework for selecting and organizing concepts of the social environment. It expands upon the traditional Human Behavior and the Social Environment perspectives used in social work curricula in the United States by identifying how a macro-systemconsisting of the intersection of four societal forces (social justice, social problems, social policy, and the political economy) works to influence a micro-systemof community, organizational, and group dynamics. In this framework, the impact of the macrosystem is mediated by collective responses of partnerships, alliances, and networks convened to address these forces. The framework is useful for understanding the complexity and uncertainty of the social environment in modern society with specific reference to: (1) how macro-system forces work to shape a constellation of community and organizational concerns, (2) how collective responses that seek solutions can be understood as instruments for achieving meaningful social ...
Current efforts and future prospects in the development of live mycobacteria as vaccines

The development of more effective vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major goal in the effort to reduce the enormous global burden of disease caused by this pathogen. Whole-cell vaccines based on live mycobacteria with attenuated virulence represent an appealing approach, providing broad antigen exposure and intrinsic adjuvant properties to prime durable immune responses. However, designing vaccine strains with an optimal balance between attenuation and immunogenicity has proven to be extremely challenging. Recent basic and clinical research efforts have broadened our understanding of Mtb pathogenesis and created numerous new vaccine candidates that have been designed to overcome different aspects of immune evasion by Mtb. In this review, we provide an overview of the current efforts to create improved vaccines against tuberculosis based on modifications of live attenuated mycobacteria. In addition, we discuss the use of such vaccine strains as vectors for stimulating protective immunity against other infectious diseases and cancers.
Synthesis of nitrogen-15-labeled amino sugar derivatives by addition of phthalimide-15N to a carbohydrate epoxide

Abstract Derivatives of methyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-α- d -altropyranoside- 2 - 15 N and methyl 3-amino-3-deoxy-α- d -glucopyranoside- 3 - 15 N have been synthesized by addition of phthalimide- 15 N to methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6- O -benzylidene-α- d -allopyranoside. The structures of the phthalimido derivatives that resulted have been proved chemically, by conversion into known aminodeoxy derivatives, and spectroscopically, by 1 H- and 13 C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. 1 H-N.m.r. spectroscopy at 360 MHz also allowed definition of the configurations and conformations of the labeled and unlabeled phthalimido derivatives, and the measurement of vicinal 1 H— 15 N coupling-constants that are characteristic of 1 H— 15 N dihedral angles of ∼60°.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF INFLUENZA VACCINE ON HUMAN NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION

Although the neutrophil (PMN) has been viewed as an antibacterial effector cell, there is recent evidence which indicates that these cells may interact with various viruses. The effect of influenza virus antigens on cellular functions was investigated by adherence, chemotaxis, and chemiluminescence (CL) assays.The purpose was to determine whether the administration of influenza vaccine depressed PMN function in vivo, and secondly, whether in vitro incubation of the vaccine with PMNs altered their function. The assays were performed before and after vaccination using cells obtained from normal adults, patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and those with asthma. This study demonstrated that the neutrophil CL response from controls and asthma patients, but not CF patients, was temporarily depressed after vaccination. PMN adherence and chemotaxis were unaffected over the same time period in all three groups. However, direct incubation of the cells with viral antigens consistently depressed PMN functions as assessed by the three assays. These results imply that PMN functions may be suppressed following influenza infection and this might predispose the host to secondary bacterial infections. However, PMNs from patients with asthma or CF were not impaired to a greater degree than controls. This infers that other factors are involved which might enhance the opportunity for complications following influenza infection in patients with chronic lung disease.
Prognostic factors and surgical treatment of osseous metastases secondary to renal cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze the survival of 38 cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with secondary osseous metastases treated at the Orthopaedic Oncology Unit of the Massachusetts General Hospital. The survival was analyzed because it seemed to be considerably longer than any reported previously in the literature. METHODS Survival was analyzed with respect to age, gender, site of primary tumor, presence of pathologic fracture, disease free interval, initial presentation with metastasis, solitary versus multiple metastases, and axial versus appendicular metastases. RESULTS Survival for the entire group was 90% at 6 months, 84% at 1 year, 55% at 5 years, and 39% at 10 years. Age, gender, and presence of pathologic fracture had no influence on survival. Presentation without metastases, long disease free interval between nephrectomy and first metastases, appendicular skeletal location, and solitary metastases were all correlated with longer survival. CONCLUSIONS In the authors' view, patients with the characteristics correlated with longer survival are appropriate candidates for aggressive surgical resection of bone metastasis. Cancer 1997; 80:1103-9. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
A Modern Perspective of the Office for Business Teachers

“The office is a function, not a physical place.” “The office function is composed of a number of data processing systems; collectively, they form a total system.”
Imaging characteristics of photogrammetric camera systems

Abstract In view of the current interest in high-altitude and space photographic systems for photogrammetric mapping, the United States Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.) undertook a comprehensive research project designed to explore the practical aspects of applying the latest image quality evaluation techniques to the analysis of such systems. The project had two direct objectives: (1) to evaluate the imaging characteristics of current U.S.G.S. photogrammetric camera systems; and (2) to develop methodologies for predicting the imaging capabilities of photogrammetric camera systems, comparing conventional systems with new or different types of systems, and analyzing the image quality of photographs. Image quality was judged in terms of a number of evaluation factors including response functions, resolving power, and the detectability and measurability of small detail. The limiting capabilities of the U.S.G.S. 6-inch and 12-inch focal length camera systems were established by analyzing laboratory and aerial photographs in terms of these evaluation factors. In the process, the contributing effects of relevant parameters such as lens aberrations, lens aperture, shutter function, image motion, film type, and target contrast procedures for analyzing image quality and predicting and comparing performance capabilities.
Global Invariants for Variable-Mass Systems

We investigate the effect of mass loss on the invariants of single particle motion in potentials having translational or rotational symmetry. These systems are non-Hamiltonian in the physical momenta, but for non-velocity-dependent potentials can be made formally Hamiltonian by treating the velocities as canonical momenta. Applying Noether's theorem to the formal Hamiltonian then yields global invariants corresponding to its symmetries. For velocity-dependent potentials, an exact invariant is constructed from the (non-Hamiltonian) vector field. The results are applied to charged particle motion in a magnetic dipole and agree well with numerical calculations.
A Self-Sensing Piezoelectric Actuator for Collocated Control:

A technique has been developed which allows a single piece of piezoelec tric material to concurrently sense and actuate in a closed loop system. The motivation behind the technique is that such a s...
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) serum DNA not associated with subsequent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) risk

Background Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse group of cancers, elevated in HIV-infected individuals. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) is found in a subset of NHL tumors, and could therefore be a cause of NHL. However, antibody testing for KSHV has limited sensitivity and specificity and studies have not associated KSHV antibodies with NHL odds. KSHV DNA in serum is a more specific marker of KSHV infection. Methods We performed a nested case-control study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, including 155 incident NHL cases occurring between 1984 and 2006 and non-cancer controls matched by study entry and time at risk. KSHV DNA was tested in pre-diagnostic serum from within 5 years before diagnosis using real-time quantitative PCR. Risk factors for NHL were evaluated with conditional logistic regression models. Results NHL cases were significantly more likely to have Kaposi sarcoma, and had more advanced HIV disease as indicated by lower CD4 cell count at study baseline and greater reduction in CD4 from baseline to HAART era than their matched controls (each p<0.01). Detection of KSHV DNA in pre-diagnostic serum was more common among NHL cases than controls (14% vs. 6.5%, p=0.03). However, among cases and controls who had detectable KSHV DNA, the median KSHV viral load (406 vs. 324, p=0.39) was comparable. After adjusting for age, baseline CD4 cell count, and CD4 change, KSHV serum DNA was no longer significantly associated with odds of NHL (OR=1.5, 95% CI=0.53-3.9). Similarly null associations