cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Dresden “Gorilla”

IT is a mere chance that I did not see the numbers of NATURE from Sept. 30 till to-day, and I therefore missed the note (vol. xii. p. 482) about the female chimpanzee of the Zoological Garden of Dresden, said to be a young gorilla. In my opinion there can be no question that this ape is not a gorilla. It is only a very fine specimen of a chimpanzee with a darker face than usual, it is true, but this is by no means sufficient in the present state of our knowledge to separate it specifically from Troglodytes niger. I only mention here the one characteristic referred to in NATURE—“the slight webbing between the fingers.” There is no webbing at all between the fingers which deserves to be called so, and there is a fundamental difference from the hand of a gorilla, not only in respect to this characteristic, but also in respect to the proportion of the fingers to each other. The hand of the Dresden specimen is very long and slender; the hand of the gorilla, even of the young one, is known to be broad and short fingered. But there is a long series of reasons which clearly speak against the supposition that this specimen is a gorilla, and I really do not perceive how anyone can advance this opinion after a very insufficient inspection. It is not enough to say, “I take the specimen for a gorilla; “scientific reasons are needed, and that, too, from some one who really understands the question ; it was at least very rash to come out with this gorilla. As soon as anyone of the supporters of the opinion that this chimpanzee is, a gorilla shall have published scientific reasons, I will take occasion to report about it, and to discuss these reasons. Till then there is no reason whatever to go deeper into the matter, and to regard this ape as anything other than a Troglodytes niger.
Formation of a martian pyroxenite: A comparative study of the nakhlite meteorites and Theo's Flow

The unusual composition of the nakhlites, a group of pyroxenitic martian meteorites with young ages, presents an opportunity to learn about nonbasaltic magmatic activity on another planet. However, the limited number of these meteorites makes unraveling their history difficult. A promising terrestrial analog for the formation of the nakhlites is Theo's Flow in Ontario, Canada. This atypical, 120 m-thick flow differentiated in place, forming distinct layered lithologies of peridotite, pyroxenite, and gabbro. Theo's pyroxenite and the nakhlites share strikingly similar petrographies, with concentrated euhedral to subhedral augite grains set in a plagioclase-rich matrix. These two suites of rocks also share specific petrologic features, mineral and whole-rock compositional features, and size and spatial distributions of cumulus grains. The numerous similarities suggest that the nakhlites formed by a similar mechanism in a surface lava flow or shallow intrusion. Their formation could have involved settling of crystals in a phenocryst-laden flow or in situ nucleation and growth of pyroxenes in an ultramafic lava flow. The latter case is more likely and requires steady-state nucleation and growth of clusters of pyroxene grains (and olivine in the nakhlites), circulating in a strongly convecting melt pool, followed by settling and continued growth in a thickening cumulate pile. Trapped pockets of intercumulus liquid in the pile gradually evolved, finally growing Fe-enriched rims on cumulus grains. With sufficient evolution, the melt reached plagioclase supersaturation, causing rapid growth of plagioclase sprays and late-stage mesostasis growth.
Keynote speaker, sixthsense: Integrating information and the real world

Pattie Maes is an associate professor in MIT's Program in Media Arts and Sciences and associate head of the Program in Media Arts and Sciences. She founded and directs the Media Lab's Fluid Interfaces research group which develops technologies for seamless integration of the digital world and physical world. Previously, she founded and ran the Software Agents group . Prior to joining the Media Lab, Maes was a visiting professor and a research scientist at the MIT Artifcial Intelligence Lab. She holds bachelor's and PhD degrees in computer science from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium. Her areas of expertise are human-computer interaction and intelligent user interfaces. Maes is the editor of three books, and is an editorial board member and reviewer for numerous professional journals and conferences. She has received several awards: /Newsweek/ magazine named her one of the “100 Americans to watch for” in the year 2000; /TIME/ Digital selected her as a member of the Cyber-Elite, the top 50 technological pioneers of the high-tech world; the World Economic Forum honored her with the title “Global Leader for Tomorrow”; Ars Electronica awarded her the 1995 World Wide Web category prize; and in 2000 she was recognized with the “Lifetime Achievement Award” by the Massachusetts Interactive Media Council.
Psychometric evaluation of the heart surgery symptom inventory in patients recovering from coronary artery bypass surgery.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity of the Heart Surgery Symptom Inventory (HSSI) in patients following coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS This study included 28 patients attending outpatient rehabilitation who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery within the past 6 months. Patients completed self-report instruments including a medical history form, HSSI, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36. Patients also completed a second HSSI at a later time on the same testing day. HSSI scores were summed to create a total score and 4 subcategory scores (general, cardiac, trunk, lower extremity). Correlations were calculated for scores obtained during 2 trials of the HSSI to evaluate test-retest reliability, between individual items, subcategory, and total scores to evaluate internal consistency, and between HSSI scores and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 scores to evaluate concurrent validity. RESULTS Correlations for the 2 trials of the HSSI total and all subcategories were significant (P < .05) and ranged from 0.89 to 0.99. Subcategories to total correlations were all significant and ranged from 0.59 to 0.85. Subcategories to subcategory correlations were all significant except for lower extremity to cardiac and lower extremity to general comparisons. Individual item to total correlations ranged from 0.02 to 0.84. Individual item to subcategory correlations ranged from 0.01 to 0.85. The correlations between the HSSI total and all Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 scores were significant. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that the HSSI has appropriate reliability and validity for clinical and research applications. The HSSI can be a useful clinical and research tool to evaluate quality of life in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Enabling the curation of your pharmacogenetic study.

As pharmacogenomics becomes integrated into clinical practice, curation of published studies becomes increasingly important. At the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB; www.pharmgkb.org), pharmacogenetic associations reported in published articles are manually curated and evaluated.[1] Standard terminologies are used, making findings uniform and unambiguous. Lack of information, clarity, or standards in the original report can make it difficult or impossible to curate. We provide 10 rules to help authors ensure that their results are accurately captured and integrated.
Evaluation and integration of eyewitness reports

This study examined how mock jurors assess eyewitness credibility and integrate these assessments with judgments of probative value in simple, corroborating, contradicting, and facilitating inference structures. Subjects listened to an audiotape of a fictional, theft trial. In Experiment 1, contrary to prior research, amount of detail in the target witness's testimony did not influence perceived credibility. In addition, a normative Bayesian rule poorly described subjects' integration of the evidence. A rule that combinedp(event/guilt)weighted by credibility better described the judgments. Experiment 2 was designed to identify variables that affect credibility, given that amount of detail did not. Perceived credibility of the target witness was affected by the credibility of a second witness, and the nature of the effect depended upon the type of inference structure., The results of Experiment 3 suggest that an additive version of the decision rule describes judgments of guilt better than an averaging version.
Quantitative assessment of the frequency of normal associations in the utterances of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls

Abstract Background The intrusion of associations into the utterances of schizophrenic individuals typically disrupts the coherence of the patient's utterances. Recent theoretical formulations of these phenomena have emphasized the hyperactivity) of associational networks in such language disturbance {e.g., Maher, B.A. 2003 Schizophrenia, aberrant utterance and delusions of control: the disconnection of speech and thought, and the connection of experience and belief. Mind and Language, 18, 1–22}. There has been only limited effort to quantify such features in patient populations. Methods We hypothesized that (1) coherent utterances elicited from a sample of schizophrenia patients will present a higher mean frequency of normative associations than in normal controls; and (2) there is a positive association between total associations in utterances and hyperassociative activity (positive facilitation) as assessed by a semantic priming task. Participants included 43 schizophrenic patients and 25 healthy controls. Three measures were employed, a new computer program, Computed Associations in Sequential Text (CAST), to quantify normative associations; a picture description technique for eliciting speech samples; and a semantic priming task to measure associative facilitation. Results In coherent utterances, schizophrenia patients produced higher mean totals of associations compared to controls. Patients with positive facilitation scores in the controlled processing interval (1250 ms) of the semantic priming procedure, there was a correlation between facilitation scores and total frequency of associations. This effect was absent in controls. Conclusions These results are consistent with models of language disturbance in schizophrenia that posit hyperactivity of associational networks.
Computer readable analytical chemical data - comments on a critical need

Abstract Do academics, journal editors and research funding agencies place too little emphasis on the compilation of high quality data collections? Stephen Heller and Rudolph Potenzone think so, and contrast this situation with that found in industry, where large databanks abound.
UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION OF MERCURY IN RATS AFTER REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF MERCURIC CHLORIDE

This investigation was under taken to evaluate the effect of repeated exposure of mercuric chloride (MC) on food consumption, body weight gain and tissue distribution of mercury in rats. After two weeks of acclimation, male and female rats (45-50 days old) were orally gavaged with 0.00, 2.0, 4.0 6.0, 8.0 or 10.0 mg/kg/day of MC for 14 consecutive days. The mortality and food consumption were recorded daily. The body weight gains were recorded on day 0, 4, 7, 10, and at day of termination. At the end of the experiment, all surviving rats were euthanized and tissue samples from their brains, gonads, hearts, kidneys, livers, lungs, pancreases and spleens were collected and analyzed for mercury content. Exposure of male and female rats to 4.0 mg/kg/day of MC showed a significant reduction in body weight gain and food consumption when compared to their controls. However, at 2.0 mg/kg/day dose group showed no change of body gain and food consumption. The mercury contents in brains, gonads, hearts, and spleens of male and female rats at 0.0 and 2.0 mg/kg/day were undetectable. Both male and female rats accumulated significantly more mercury in the kidneys than the other organs. Mercury content in the kidneys of females was 39.9 and 40.9 microg/g at 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg/day, respectively and of males was 34.9 and 41.0 microg/g at 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg/day, respectively. However, mercury content in the kidneys and livers of males and females did not show any significant difference. Mercury content in the kidneys of both of sexes was significantly higher than the other organs.
Factors Related to Individuals' Attitudes toward Their Names:

This research studied whether several factors might relate to a person's evaluation of his given names. Most subjects liked their names but less so their middle names. Male subjects rated their last names higher than did females theirs. People who had been known by pet names liked both their first and middle names less. People with unusual names were more likely to have a nickname; but neither names' atypicality nor nicknames were related to the evaluation of the legal names. Men were equally apt to attribute either parent as the source of their first or middle names; women were more apt to attribute both first and middle names to their mothers. Being named after the same-sexed parent occurred with men more often than with women. Women more frequently cited reasons for their names that did not involve their being named after some family member.
The use of the large-scale integrated sensor (LSI) to estimate energy expenditure

The relationship between activity counts from the large-scale integrated sensor (LSI), placed at the hip and ankle, and heart rate-estimated energy expenditure was examined in three nonobese males during three conditions: normal morning activities, a 1-mi walk, and a 2-mi walk. Results showed that estimated caloric expenditure was related to activity counts for both monitoring placements, with correlations between counts and energy expenditure exceedingr=.90. These results show that energy expenditure in the activities sampled can be reliably estimated using activity monitors.
The Reaction of Activated Aryl and Heteroaryl Dihalides with Hmpa. A Regioselectivity Study

Abstract A series of activated aryl and heteroaryl dihalides were reacted with HMPA at elevated temperatures. Of the eleven examples studied, all but one reacted in a regioselective manner to give a monohalo-N,N-dimethylamino derivative.
A Reexamination of the Effect of Big-Time Football and Basketball Success on Graduation Rates and Alumni Giving Rates.

Abstract To determine the impact on the academic mission, the models in this study test whether there is statistical evidence that student graduation rates or alumni giving rates are influenced by pigskin or hoop success for major universities after adjustment for key academic variables. Using a sample of big-time sports universities and models comparable to other research, the evidence presented in this article indicates that having a highly successful football team has a positive impact on both the overall graduation rate and the alumni giving rate. In contrast, a successful basketball team has no significant effect on either of these key measures of academic success.
Barriers to receiving adequate prenatal care

One hundred eleven postpartum patients who received varying amounts of prenatal care (no care, inadequate care, intermediate care, and adequate care) were assessed for demographic, medical, and sociocultural factors by interview and review of the medical chart. Six sociocultural factors identified by stepwise multiple regression contributed to 49% of the variance for amount of prenatal care: amount of insurance, attitudes toward health professionals, delays in suspecting pregnancy, delay in telling others about the pregnancy, perception of the importance of prenatal care, and initial attitudes about being pregnant. Results are discussed in terms of developing outreach programs altered to the patient's needs and life-styles.
Impact of grounded shield wire assumption on impedance-based fault location algorithms

Although shield wires are typically grounded through a finite tower footing resistance, positive- and zero-sequence line impedances are calculated assuming no tower footing resistance. Since impedance-based fault location algorithms require sequence line impedances to compute the distance to fault, this paper evaluates the impact of the grounded shield wire assumption on the accuracy of fault locating algorithms. A simple test case, which consists of a 3.73 long transmission line with two shield wires and a tower footing resistance every 0.19 miles, was setup to evaluate the assumption. The analysis shows that tower footing resistance affects only the zero-sequence line impedance. This leads to a marginal increase in error from one-ended impedance-based methods in locating single line-to-ground or double line-to-ground faults. On the other hand, fault location estimates from two-ended methods are not affected as they do not make use of the zero-sequence line impedance in fault location computation.
Analysis of EXAFS data on bimetallic clusters

In previous studies of the structures of bimetallic clusters using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), structural parameters were determined by fitting the single scattering expression for EXAFS to experimental data associated with an absorption edge of each component. The data for the two edges were fitted separately. Recently, with an extensive modification of the computer program for the analysis of EXAFS data, it has been possible to fit the EXAFS data for the two edges simultaneously. This improved method of analysis has the feature thatall of the EXAFS data are used in the determination ofall of the structural parameters, and permits one to impose in a direct manner certain necessary physical conditions regarding the system. Consequently, one has greater confidence in the values obtained for the parameters. The present paper first summarizes published results obtained by the previous method of analysis on a number of systems. For comparison, a summary is then given of results obtained from the same data on these systems with the new method of analysis.
Effect of zinc levels on phosphorous and zinc content in sand‐cultured soybeans

Abstract Soybeans (Glvcine max L.) cv. “Clark”; were grown in the greenhouse in sand‐filled plastic pots sub‐irrigated with Hoagland No. 1 solution to determine the possible inhibitory effects of Zn on the uptake of P. Zinc rates used were 0.05 (control), 0.25, 0.5 and 2.5 ppm. Yields equalled the control at Zn levels of 0.25 and 0.5 ppm, but plants grown in solutions containing 2.5 ppm Zn were stunted severely. Foliar Zn and P levels differed very little among Zn treatments. Zinc levels were highest and P levels were lowest, however, in the roots and stems of soybeans grown in solutions of 2.5 ppm Zn. Zinc and P uptake was significantly inhibited in the leaves, stems and roots of plants grown at the highest Zn rate. The recycling of wastes containing high Zn content could adversely affect plant growth by a suspected antagonism with P.
The House of Difference, or White Silence

In this article I track three ways of confronting the question of whiteness and its attendant problematic of racism. I look at two personal episodes one involving inheritances from white explorer forebearers and the place of racism in fetishized objects and second in the institutional difficulties within psychoanalysis in finding ways to speak about race and the dilemma of being a beneficiary of racism. Finally I look at the hidden racism in a much lauded psychoanalytic article, Joan Riviere's (1929) “Womanliness as a Masquerade,” and in the light of these three problems speculate on “whiteness.” I argue that the intergenerational transmissions of guilt and disavowal together leave a blank psychic space that makes an authentic expression of racial consciousness and genuine reparation currently difficult and certainly, even if well intentioned, partially compromised.
Excitation Functions for Heavy-Ion-Induced Reactions on Aluminum-27

Excitation functions for a number of ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$-, ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$-, and ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$-induced reactions on aluminum-27 have been studied using stacked-foil techniques and the ion beams of the Yale Heavy Ion Accelerator. The yields of ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{34,38}$, ${\mathrm{P}}^{32}$, ${\mathrm{Al}}^{28,29}$, ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{27}$, ${\mathrm{Na}}^{24}$, and ${\mathrm{F}}^{18}$ have been measured in the energy range from 10.5 to about 1 Mev per nucleon. The production of the radionuclides ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{34,38}$, ${\mathrm{P}}^{32}$, and in the case of ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ irradiation ${\mathrm{Al}}^{28}$, are due to evaporation processes from a compound-nucleus system, while the production of ${\mathrm{F}}^{18}$, ${\mathrm{Na}}^{24}$, ${\mathrm{Al}}^{28}$, ${\mathrm{Al}}^{29}$, and ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{27}$ seems to occur by a direct-interaction mechanism. A comparison of the yields for specific radionuclei produced by different beams is given.
Emergency department hypotension is not an independent risk factor for post-traumatic acute renal dysfunction.

BACKGROUND Hypotension has been considered to be associated with renal dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to characterize the association of Emergency Department Hypotension (EDHypo) with post-traumatic renal insufficiency (RI) and renal failure (RF). METHODS A Level I center Intensive Care Unit database was analyzed. We reviewed all adult trauma patients surviving for more than 24 hours. EDHypo was defined as admission systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg, RI was defined as a peak serum creatine of > or = 2.0 mg/dL, RF was defined as requiring dialysis. RESULTS There were 2,574 admissions studied and RI occurred in 8.3% (213) of these patients whereas RF occurred in 1.1% (28). The mortality rate with RI was 41.0% (89) and 50.0% (14) with RF. There was no significant change in the incidence of RI, RF, or RI associated mortality during the study period. EDHypo was present in 7.9% (203) of patients and the incidence of RI was significantly higher than that of non-EDHypo patients (12.2% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.028). The incidence of RF was not different (1.0% vs. 1.1%). EDHypo was not independently associated with RI or RF but Injury Severity Score > 16, renal injury, age > 55, Body Mass Index > 30, male gender, and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission creatine kinase > or = 5,000 U/L had an independent association with RI. No risk factor in patients with RI could reliably predict RF. CONCLUSIONS EDhypo is not independently associated with post-traumatic RI or RF but severity of injury, renal injury, age, Body Mass Index, male gender, and elevated creatinine kinase are independently associated with RI. In critically ill trauma patients the incidence of RI and RF and the associated mortality rate has not changed significantly during a 6-year period despite, presumably, better understanding of resuscitative strategies.
Concurrent engineering and the role of labor in product development

Abstract Concurrent engineering practices are essential to automotive firms' competitive strategy of reducing time-to-market in the development of new products. This paper reports the results of a study, conducted at a U.S. auto firm and its production facility in Canada, which examined the organizational effects of concurrent engineering on union-represented production and trades employees. The study findings suggest that simultaneous development of product and process affords plant employees earlier and expanded involvement in technology and training decisions.
The impact of professionalism on safe surgical care

For the past 7 years, I have served as the chief medical officer (CMO) and senior vice president for clinical affairs at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. The hospital provides 750 beds, and each year discharges 56,000 patients, including 9,000 new little souls, and performs 31,000 surgical procedures. There are 13,000 employees, including 3100 nurses and 5500 members of the medical staff. Among the physician component, there are 2200 active attendings, 1500 trainees (850 in 36 accredited Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education [ACGME] programs), and 1600 investigators engaged in primary research endeavors with $400 million from federal and sponsored sources. The quality “bottom bottom” line is our 1.7% hospital mortality, which benchmarks against the University Healthcare Consortium’s observed-toexpected ratio at 0.74. It is an extraordinary privilege to help facilitate the mission of the institution and the objectives of its department chairs and their dedicated staff. However extraordinary, this privilege is fraught with equally extraordinary challenges, prime among them the assurance of sustainable, safe, and yet cost-effective patient care in the context of increasing volume and acuity. Craig Donaldson, our president, friend, and colleague for three decades, asked me to deliver a provocative lecture drawing on this experience. I’ll try not to disappoint. Much has been made of patient safety of late, not that we haven’t been promoting safe care for the entirety of our professional lives. After all, the American Board of Surgery, charged with certifying “the education, training and knowledge of surgeons,” was created in 1937 through the efforts of the American Surgical Association. President Archibald’s address in 1935 underscored that “Fellowship in the American College of Surgeons did not assure sufficient mastery of both the art and science of surgery.” His address prompted subsequent deliberations within a committee chaired by Evarts Graham, who in his own presidential address, declared to the membership “. . . steps were
The impact of external economic disturbances on Yugoslavia: Theoretical and empirical explorations☆☆☆

Abstract Within the context of the transmission and response framework this paper analyzes the impact of recent international economic disturbances on Yugoslavia. Included are an analysis of the channels through which these disturbances were transmitted to Yugoslavia, the manner in which they altered domestic price and quantity signals, and the reactions of policy makers. Empirical tests of simple Keynesian and monetarist models of the transmission process are presented. These tests provide empirical evidence on the demand effects, the direct and indirect price effects, and the real-balance effects of international disturbances in the Yugoslav economy.
The decomposition method applied to Chandrasekhar H-equation

In this paper, Adomian's decomposition method is applied to the nonlinear Chandrasekhar H-equation. The solution is expressed as an infinite series. It is shown that two or three iterations are sufficient to obtain good approximation of the exact solution. Adomian's method has been illustrated by considering some particular cases of this nonlinear integral equation that are of physical interest.
Clinical practice. Nonsurgical management of obesity in adults.

A 44-year-old woman desires weight reduction. She has a history of hypertension, daytime somnolence, and osteoarthritis. Her weight is 215 lb (98 kg), her waist circumference is 40 in. (102 cm), and her body-mass index is 32.7. Her blood pressure is 140/92 mm Hg. What would you advise?
Sensing the way to protect progressing cavity pumps

Abstract When it comes to efficiency and versatility, progressing cavity pumps (PCPs) have many advantages. They provide highly efficient, accurate metering of viscous fluids, while simultaneously being highly resistant to wear from abrasive fluids, and capable of transferring shear-sensitive products without damage. However, like many types of pump, dry running is a potentially dangerous problem. David Lee UK Field Sales Manager for Robbins and Myers discusses several different sensor-based systems which can deactivate the pump if it runs dry.
Microarray Analysis of Tomato’s Early and Late Wound Response Reveals New Regulatory Targets for Leucine Aminopeptidase A

Wounding due to mechanical injury or insect feeding causes a wide array of damage to plant cells including cell disruption, desiccation, metabolite oxidation, and disruption of primary metabolism. In response, plants regulate a variety of genes and metabolic pathways to cope with injury. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model for wound signaling but few studies have examined the comprehensive gene expression profiles in response to injury. A cross-species microarray approach using the TIGR potato 10-K cDNA array was analyzed for large-scale temporal (early and late) and spatial (locally and systemically) responses to mechanical wounding in tomato leaves. These analyses demonstrated that tomato regulates many primary and secondary metabolic pathways and this regulation is dependent on both timing and location. To determine if LAP-A, a known modulator of wound signaling, influences gene expression beyond the core of late wound-response genes, changes in RNAs from healthy and wounded Leucine aminopeptidase A-silenced (LapA-SI) and wild-type (WT) leaves were examined. While most of the changes in gene expression after wounding in LapA-SI leaves were similar to WT, overall responses were delayed in the LapA-SI leaves. Moreover, two pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1c and PR-1a2) and two dehydrin (TAS14 and Dhn3) genes were negatively regulated by LAP-A. Collectively, this study has shown that tomato wound responses are complex and that LAP-A's role in modulation of wound responses extends beyond the well described late-wound gene core.
Associations Among Body Mass Index, Depression, and Family Factors Across Two Generations

In this pilot study, we examined the relationship between health factors, sociodemographic factors, and body mass index (BMI) across two generations (n = 41 parent-child pairs). Generation 1 study variables included parent- and family-focused characteristics and health variables, the Generation 2 variables included child demographic factors, and the outcome variable was youths’ physical health (operationalized as BMI). Regression models revealed that Generation 1 variables, taken together, accounted for 26% of the variance in youth BMI. However, only the parent’s mental health symptoms (i.e., depression symptoms) made a unique contribution to the variance in youth BMI. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the youths’ race and age—but no other demographic factor—were significantly related to youth BMI-for-age. Our findings suggest that youth race, age, and parent mental health are each associated with youth physical health (i.e., BMI), confirming previous study findings that parental factors and demographic factors should be considered when exploring youth health outcomes.
Some resolvable orthogonal arrays with two symbols

A method of constructing a resolvable orthogonal array (4λk2,2) which can be partitioned into λ orthogonal arrays (4,k 2,1) is proposed. The number of constraints kfor this type of orthogonal array is at most 3λ. When λ=2 or a multiple of 4, an orthogonal array with the maximum number of constraints of 3λ can be constructed. When λ=4n+2(n≧1) an orthogonal array with 2λ+2 constraints can be constructed. When λ is an odd number, orthogonal arrays can be constructed for λ=3,5,7, and 9 with k=4,8,12, and 13 respectively.
Structural investigations on the coordination environment of the active-site copper centers of recombinant bifunctional peptidylglycine alpha-amidating enzyme.

The structure and coordination chemistry of the copper centers in the bifunctional peptidylglycine α-amidating enzyme (α-AE) have been investigated by EPR, EXAFS, and FTIR spectroscopy of a carbonyl derivative. The enzyme contains 2 coppers per 75 kDa protein molecule. Double integration of the EPR spectrum of the oxidized enzyme indicates that 98 ± 13% of the copper is EPR detectable, indicating that the copper centers are located in mononuclear coordination environments. The Cu(II) coordination of the oxidized enzyme is typical of type 2 copper proteins. EXAFS data are best interpreted by an average coordination of 2−3 histidines and 1−2 O/N (probably O from solvent, Asp or Glu) as equatorial ligands. Reduction causes a major structural change. The Cu(I) centers are shown to be structurally inequivalent since only one of them binds CO. EXAFS analysis of the reduced enzyme data indicates that the non-histidine O/N shell is displaced, and the Cu(I) coordination involves a maximum of 2.5 His ligands togeth...
A SECULAR EQUATION FOR THE EIGENVALUES OF A DIAGONAL MATRIX PERTURBATION

Let D denote a diagonal n × n complex matrix, and suppose x1, …, xr and w1, …, wr are complex n-vectors. It is shown that there is a rational function F such that if λ is not an eigenvalue for D, then λ is an eigenvalue for P = D + x∗1w1 + … + x∗rwr if and only if F(λ) = 0. This generalizes a well-known result for the eigenvalues of a rank one self-adjoint perturbation. An immediate corollary in the rank one self-adjoint case is that the eigenvalues of P and D must interlace if the eigenvalues of D are distinct and the perturbation matrix is irreducible. It is shown that in the general case the function F also carries information about the eigenvalues of P. For example, λ is an eigenvalue of multiplicity m > 0 for P if and only if F(λ) = F′(λ) = … = F(m − 1)(λ) = 0 and F(m)(λ) ≠ 0. In the self-adjoint case, a necessary and sufficient condition for the eigenvalues of P and D to interlace is given, and the problem of determining the multiplicities of the eigenvalues of D as eigenvalues of P is studied. The formula yields a simple algorithm for determining the characteristic polynomial of a tridiagonal matrix.
In vitro biocompatibility and endothelialization of novel magnesium-rare Earth alloys for improved stent applications.

Magnesium (Mg) based alloys are the most advanced cardiovascular stent materials. This new generation of stent scaffold is currently under clinical evaluation with encouraging outcomes. All these Mg alloys contain a certain amount of rare earth (RE) elements though the exact composition is not yet disclosed. RE alloying can usually enhance the mechanical strength of different metal alloys but their toxicity might be an issue for medical applications. It is still unclear how RE elements will affect the magnesium (Mg) alloys intended for stent materials as a whole. In this study, we evaluated MgZnCaY-1RE, MgZnCaY-2RE, MgYZr-1RE, and MgZnYZr-1RE alloys for cardiovascular stents applications regarding their mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, hemolysis, platelet adhesion/activation, and endothelial biocompatibility. The mechanical properties of all alloys were significantly improved. Potentiodynamic polarization showed that the corrosion resistance of four alloys was at least 3–10 times higher than that of pure Mg control. Hemolysis test revealed that all the materials were non-hemolytic while little to moderate platelet adhesion was found on all materials surface. No significant cytotoxicity was observed in human aorta endothelial cells cultured with magnesium alloy extract solution for up to seven days. Direct endothelialization test showed that all the alloys possess significantly better capability to sustain endothelial cell attachment and growth. The results demonstrated the promising potential of these alloys for stent material applications in the future.
The Problem of Context in Comparative Education Research

This paper argues that comparative education researchers – and education researchers generally – should pay more attention to how they conceptualize the Context(s) of schools and education systems. The construction of «the research context» is caught up in the mobilization of norms, power relations, regulative principles, technologies and strategies. Ascriptions of Context can operate as externally imposed categories that enclose, disable, and deny access to resources, opportunities, agency, and subject positions. In like measure, inscriptions of Context can sometimes enable, increase access and generally privilege particular cultural groups or particular social settings. This paper offers methodological strategies for analytically approaching the problem of Context in educational research. We propose that challenge is to understand how Context is part of an interweaving process with an object/objects within an assemblage that is ever changing. The «entangled analysis» approach (Sobe, forthcoming) advanced here attends to the constructed and constructing quality of Context. And it necessarily brings the researcher into the problematic, as she too is continually within the power/knowledge relations that make Contexts meaningful and consequential. We are argue that «contextualizing» a study should not be merely a preparatory activity but should carry across the entirety of a research project. Rather than beginning with standardized Contextual categories researchers should seek to understand the confluence of practices and objects that are coming together as well as constantly flowing and changing.
Effects of prior oral contraceptive use and soy isoflavonoids on estrogen-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes

Estrogen exposure and metabolism may play an important role in the development of estrogen-sensitive cancers in postmenopausal women. In this study we investigated whether past oral contraceptive (OC) administration or current dietary isoflavonoids (IF) affected expression and/or activity of steroid hormone-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes using complementary primate and cell culture models. One-hundred-eighty-one female cynomolgus macaques were randomized to receive OC or nothing for 26 months premenopausally, then ovariectomized and randomized to one of three diets for 36 months: an IF-depleted soy protein isolate (Soy-) diet, a Soy diet with IF (Soy+), or a Soy- diet supplemented with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE). Prior OC-treatment significantly reduced CYP gene expression in the mammary gland (< or =60% of OC-). Dietary IFs had no effect on CYP expression, while CEE-treatment decreased CYP1A1 and increased CYP3A4 mRNA in a tissue-specific manner. For in vitro studies, we measured effects of the isoflavonoids genistein, daidzein and equol on CYP activity using intact V79 cells stably transfected to express CYP1A1, CYP1B1, or CYP3A4. All three IFs significantly altered CYP activity in a dose-dependent and isoform-specific manner (20-95% inhibition versus controls). These results suggest potential mechanisms for prior OC and dietary IF effects on cancer risk in estrogen-responsive tissues.
HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETRY WITH MULTIPLE WAVELENGTHS

One of the unsolved problems in the well-established field of holographic interferometry is identification of zeroth-order fringes in cases in which the locations of zero displacement are unknown. We offer a simple solution: By making the double-exposure hologram of a white object in full color by using three or more wavelengths, the zeroth-order fringes will be indentified by their white color.
Modeling social norms in real-world agent-based simulations

This dissertation presents new methods for simulating social norms emergence in human populations and applies the resulting normative model to a smoking cessation scenario. Due to the complex nature of this problem, this work models numerous factors that affect smoking, employing several social and psychological theories in conjunction with various AI techniques.
Nonnuclear Hyper/Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources in the Starbursting Cartwheel Ring Galaxy

We report the Chandra/ACIS-S detection of more than 20 ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs, L0.5−10keV > �3 × 10 39 ergss −1 ) in the Cartwheel collisional ring galaxy system, of which over a dozen are located in the outer active star-forming ring. A remarkable hyperluminous X-ray source (HLX, L0.5−10keV > �10 41 ergss −1 assuming isotropic radiation), which dominates the X-ray emission from the Cartwheel ring, is located in the same segment of the ring as most ULXs. These powerful H/ULXs appear to be coincident with giant HII region complexes, young star clusters, and radio and midinfrared hot-spots: all strong indicators of recent massive star formation. The X-ray spectra show that H/ULXs have similar properties as those of the most luminous ULXs found in the nearest starbursts and galaxy mergers such as the Antennae galaxies and M82. The close association between the X-ray sources and the starbursting ring strongly suggests that the H/ULXs are intimately associated with the production and rapid evolution of short-lived massive stars. The observations represent the most extreme X-ray luminosities discovered to date associated with star-forming regions—rivaling the X-ray luminosities usually associated with active galactic nuclei. Subject headings: galaxies: individual (VV 784, Cartwheel, ESO 350 G 040) — galaxies: interactions — galaxies: active — galaxies: starburst — X-rays: galaxies
A videotaped CIBIC for dementia patients: Validity and reliability in a simulated clinical trial

Background: The global impression of a clinician is an Food and Drug Administration–mandated primary outcome measure for clinical trials in dementia. Reliability and validity of these measures are not well established. Methods: A videotaped version of the Clinician’s Interview Based Impression of Change (CIBIC) was evaluated. Raters were informed that the videotaped interviews were taken at baseline and 6 to 12 months later, when in fact half of the interviews were shown in reverse order. Ratings on “true order” interviews were compared with ratings on “reverse order” interviews. In addition, ratings by neurologists experienced in dementia were compared with those of less experienced raters. Results: Inter-rater reliability of the neurologists was poor when measured by absolute agreement on a 7-point scale (kappa = 0.18). With a less stringent 3-point scale (better, worse, or unchanged), inter-rater reliability was significantly better for the true order videos (kappa = 0.51) than for the reversed order videos (kappa = 0.12). Validity also was reduced in the reverse order group: neurologists rated 90% of subjects correctly in the “true order” group and 63% correctly in the “reversed order” group. The inter-rater reliability of the neurologists was greater than the less experienced raters, but the validity of the neurologists’ ratings was only marginally better. Conclusions: The reliability and validity of the videotape CIBIC are reasonable when patients follow the expected course of gradual decline, but are poor when patients appear to improve. These findings suggest that global assessments should be modified as outcome measures in clinical trials with patients with dementia.
Chronic effects of clonazepam, phenytoin, ethosuximide, and valproic acid on learning in pigeons as assayed by a repeated acquisition procedure.

Abstract The acute and chronic effects of the antiepileptic drugs clonazepam (0.06, 0.13, and 0.25 mg/kg), phenytoin (2.5, 5, 7.5 mg/kg), ethosuximide (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg), and valproic acid (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg) were evaluated in pigeons responding under a repeated acquisition procedure. At certain doses, acute administrations of all drugs impaired learning (i.e., increased errors) and reduced rate of responding. Appreciable tolerance developed to these effects with chronic exposure, although the physiological mechanism responsible for this outcome is unknown.
File definition and logical data independence

This paper presents an architecture for a data base system which is capable of providing data independence at two levels, viz physical and logical. The architecture employs a schema, which gives an abstract picture of the physical data base, and a subschema, which contains the definitions of an application program's logical files. The language for writing these logical file definitions is then discussed, and a number of features which should be provided in such a language are identified, and descrioed. In particular it is shown that the language should include the quantifiers of the predicate calculus, and should be capable of defining files which span several files in the schema. The use of the subschema in providing logical data independence is then demonstrated, and an appropriate application program discipline discussed.This is the first of two associated papers, the second of which deals with the complementary problems of storage structure and physical data independence.
Modeling instantaneous pressure drop of pleated thin filter media during dust loading

Abstract In this paper, we present a modeling methodology for studying the effects of dust loading on the pressure drop across pleated filters. Our simulations demonstrate that there exists an optimum pleat count for clean filters at which pressure drop reaches a minimum regardless of the in-plane or through-plane orientation of the fibers. With the particle deposition included in the analysis, our results indicated that the rate of increase in pressure drop decreases with increase in the pleat count. We demonstrated that a higher pleat count results in a higher flow velocity inside the pleat channels causing more non-uniformity in the dust deposition across the pleat. Especially when particles are sufficiently large, the dust cake tends to form deeper inside the pleated channel when the pleat count is high. This effect is observed to be less pronounced when the pleats have a triangular shape. We also showed that if the dust cake permeability is higher than that of the filters fibrous media, the rate of increase in pressure drop does not always decrease with increase in the pleat count. Finally, by comparing filters having 15 pleats per inch, we observed that rectangular pleats are preferred over the triangular pleats when the particles are highly inertial, i.e., filtering high-speed large particles. When particle's inertia is small, our results indicate that triangular pleats cause less pressure drop, and so are recommended.
A new series of cubic perovskites

Abstract We prepared a new series of perovskites of the form La 1-¢ Sr ¢ Ti 1- y Cu y O 3-δ , and studied their range of stability in ¢ and y . Doping with Sr produces some Cu 3+ and reduces the conductivity, but there is no evidence of superconductivity to 5 K.
IgA Anti-β2-Glycoprotein I Autoantibodies Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Background The clinical utility of testing for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) of IgA isotype remains controversial.
A Proposed Method for Reliable Gasification Kinetics by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis

It has been shown in thermodynamic simulations of gasification that recycling up to 25% of carbon dioxide (CO2) into a reformer allows for a highly hydrogen (H2) concentrated syngas. While understanding thermodynamic limits is imperative, a kinetic analysis is desired to confirm applicability. Studies on thermal decomposition kinetics of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in CO2 gasification atmosphere have been assessed. Using thermal gravimetric analysis, we can show that gasification may be modeled as a series of single step reactions and determine the activation energies, pre-exponential factors and reaction models of those reactions. The use of CO2/air atmosphere instead of air atmosphere results in better char conversion.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A hybrid framework for resource verification in executable model-based embedded system development

In this work, we consider the integration of resource safety verification into a design methodology for development of verified and robust real-time embedded systems. Resource-related concerns are not closely linked with current xUML model-based software development although they are critical for embedded systems. Our work employs the hybrid verification framework combining static resource analysis and run-time monitoring schemes.