cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing Communication Capital for a Changing Environment

With rapidly evolving technologies, boundaries between traditional modes of communication have blurred, creating an environment that scholars still describe from viewpoints as researchers in interpersonal, organizational or mass communication. This manuscript looks at the social capital literature and argues for conceptualizing “communication capital” to help understand the impact of communication phenomena in a changing environment. The literature has treated interpersonal communication variables as components of social capital and mass communication variables as factors affecting social capital, but scholars long ago recognized their reinforcing nature, leading us to develop a concept of communication capital merging symbolic activity across domains in its potential for impacting civic engagement, defined as persistent communication patterns that facilitate social problem solving in the community. Analysis of survey data shows that 4 dimensions of communication capital explain variance in civic engageme...
The high-resolution spectrum of the ν1 + ν2 band of NO2: A spin-induced perturbation in the ground state

Abstract The spectrum of the ν 1 + ν 2 band of NO 2 has been studied with a resolution of 0.025 cm −1 . Spin-rotation constants and rotational constants are reported. An interesting perturbation has been found in the ground state of the molecule which occurs when the K a = 0 and K a = 2 levels become accidentally nearly degenerate around N = 42. An explanation of this interaction is presented.
Tharp and conceptual logic

Leslie H. Tharp (1940-1981) grew up on a small farm in Bowman, North Dakota. Afterwards he recalled the hardship of farming and, in fantasizing about desirable alternative forms of life, ruled out the fa miliar leisurely pastoral ideal. He took correspondence courses on ad vanced science and mathematics in high school and entered MIT in 1958 as a National Merit Scholar. He continued there with the Wood
HBED ligand: preclinical studies of a potential alternative to deferoxamine for treatment of chronic iron overload and acute iron poisoning

We have continued the preclinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the hexadentate phenolic aminocarboxylate iron chelator N, N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl) ethylenediamine-N, N'-diacetic acid monosodium salt (NaHBED) for the treatment of both chronic transfusional iron overload and acute iron poisoning. We examined the effect of route of administration by giving equimolar amounts of NaHBED and deferoxamine (DFO) to Cebus apella monkeys as either a subcutaneous (SC) bolus or a 20-minute intravenous (IV) infusion. By both routes, NaHBED was consistently about twice as efficient as DFO in producing iron excretion. For both chelators at a dose of 150 micromol/kg, SC was more efficient than IV administration. The biochemical and histopathologic effects of NaHBED administration were assessed. No systemic toxicity was found after either IV administration once daily for 14 days to iron-loaded dogs or after SC administration every other day for 14 days to dogs without iron overload. Evidence of local irritation was found at some SC injection sites. When the NaHBED concentration was reduced to 15% or less in a volume comparable to a clinically useful one, no local irritation was found with SC administration in rats. Because treatment of acute iron poisoning may require rapid chelator infusion, we compared the effects of IV bolus administration of the compounds to normotensive rats. Administration of DFO produced a prompt, prolonged drop in blood pressure and acceleration of heart rate; NaHBED had little effect. NaHBED may provide an alternative to DFO for the treatment of both chronic transfusional iron overload and of acute iron poisoning.
Fear-conditioned suppression of REM sleep: relationship to Fos expression patterns in limbic and brainstem regions in BALB/cJ mice

In fear conditioning, shock training (ST) and shock-associated fearful cues (FC) produce relatively selective decreases in rapid eye movement sleep (REM) in mice that vary with strain, and can last for an extended period. We examined sleep in BALB/cJ mice over 6 h after ST and FC, and in handling and tone control conditions. In separate groups of mice, we used immunohistochemical techniques to examine Fos expression in limbic and brainstem regions involved in fear conditioning and in the regulation of REM in 2-h intervals over this period. Significant reductions in REM were observed at 2 and 4 h after ST. Fos expression in the brainstem was significantly elevated at 2 h after ST in the laterodorsal and peduculopontine tegmentum, up to 4 h in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and up to 6 h in the locus coeruleus (LC). Significant elevations in Fos expression were observed in several regions of the amygdala up to 4 and 6 h after ST. Decreases in REM after FC were significant at 2 h. Increased Fos expression was observed in LC at 2 h and in DRN up to 6 h after FC. Increased Fos expression in the amygdala was observed in several regions of the amygdala at 2 h after FC, but not longer. Significant changes in Fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala were not observed at any time point examined or in any condition. The data are discussed with respect to the putative role of brainstem nuclei in regulating REM and the role of the amygdala in conditioned fear.
Effects of seismically induced pounding at expansion joints of concrete bridges

This paper presents the result of a study on the effect of pounding at expansion joints on concrete bridge response to earthquake ground motions. An engineering approach, rather than continuum mechanics approach, is emphasized. First, the dynamic behavior of a damped multidegree-of-freedom bridge system separated by an expansion joint involving an impact is examined by means of the finite element method. Second, the sensitivity analysis of the stiffness in gap elements is performed. Third, usefulness of the analysis method for simulation of pounding phenomena is demonstrated and the effect of pounding on the ductility demands measured in terms of the rotation of column ends is investigated. Two-dimensional finite element analysis using a bilinear hysterestic model for bridge substructure joints and a nonlinear gap element for the expansion joint is performed on a realistic bridge with an expansion joint. The effects of the primary factors on the ductility demand such as gap sizes and characteristics of earthquake ground motion are investigated through a parametric study. The major conclusions are (1) the effect of impact most directly depends on the size of momentum (or pounding magnitude); and (2) the pounding effect is generally found to be negligible on the ductility demand for wide practical ranges of gap size and peak ground acceleration, but is potentially significant at the locations of impact.
Studies on the isolation of bradykininogen.

Abstract This investigation has demonstrated that a purified protein from bovine blood may be obtained in solid form and in high yield which, when incubated with trypsin, releases pharmacologically active material that appears to be bradykinin or a very similar material. The material liberated contracts guinea pig ileum, causes vasodepression in the cat via vasodilation, and is destroyed by chymotrypsin. This precursor protein is obtained by relatively simple procedures and apparently can be stored without deterioration. The preparation is highly reproducible. Certain physical properties of the protein have been studied as well as the kinetics of its reaction with trypsin. One mg of the average preparation releases 0.8 to 1.0 μg of bradykinin when incubated with trypsin under the conditions described.
A new variant of sickle-cell disease with high levels of foetal haemoglobin homogeneously distributed within red cells.

Summary. The clinical, biochemical, biosynthetic and genetic properties are described of an unusual variant of sickle-cell disease occurring in two adult Negro siblings who have resided above 2000 m all their lives. The variant consists of homozygous S disease with elevated levels of Hb-F homogeneously distributed throughout the red cells. Both parents have Hb-A and Hb-S; neither has evidence of thalassaemia nor the gene for hereditary persistence of foetal haemoglobin (HPFH). As these findings cannot be explained by environmental factors or known genetic defects, we postulate the existence of a new F-gene.
Weakly Positioned Nucleosomes Enhance the Transcriptional Competency of Chromatin

Background Transcription is affected by nucleosomal resistance against polymerase passage. In turn, nucleosomal resistance is determined by DNA sequence, histone chaperones and remodeling enzymes. The contributions of these factors are widely debated: one recent title claims “… DNA-encoded nucleosome organization…” while another title states that “histone-DNA interactions are not the major determinant of nucleosome positions.” These opposing conclusions were drawn from similar experiments analyzed by idealized methods. We attempt to resolve this controversy to reveal nucleosomal competency for transcription. Methodology/Principal Findings To this end, we analyzed 26 in vivo, nonlinked, and in vitro genome-wide nucleosome maps/replicates by new, rigorous methods. Individual H2A nucleosomes are reconstituted inaccurately by transcription, chaperones and remodeling enzymes. At gene centers, weakly positioned nucleosome arrays facilitate rapid histone eviction and remodeling, easing polymerase passage. Fuzzy positioning is not due to artefacts. At the regional level, transcriptional competency is strongly influenced by intrinsic histone-DNA affinities. This is confirmed by reproducing the high in vivo occupancy of translated regions and the low occupancy of intergenic regions in reconstitutions from purified DNA and histones. Regional level occupancy patterns are protected from invading histones by nucleosome excluding sequences and barrier nucleosomes at gene boundaries and within genes. Conclusions/Significance Dense arrays of weakly positioned nucleosomes appear to be necessary for transcription. Weak positioning at exons facilitates temporary remodeling, polymerase passage and hence the competency for transcription. At regional levels, the DNA sequence plays a major role in determining these features but positions of individual nucleosomes are typically modified by transcription, chaperones and enzymes. This competency is reduced at intergenic regions by sequence features, barrier nucleosomes, and proteins, preventing accessibility regulation of untargeted genes. This combination of DNA- and protein-influenced positioning regulates DNA accessibility and competence for regulatory protein binding and transcription. Interactive nucleosome displays are offered at http://chromatin.unl.edu/cgi-bin/skyline.cgi.
Consensus and Reforms in the “Great Society”

One main reason the Great Society never took off was that its programs were not buttressed by a thorough bargaining process with the appropriate interests. While innovative programs can be “sold” to the voters, a consensus among the myriad interest groups and publics that comprise the American polity, such as supported federal aid to education, is vital if they are to survive. To this end, a mechanism that would function outside our relatively ineffectual representative structure, one used successfully in France, is proposed: participatory planning. Existing components of such a plan and others that would be required, such as more sophisticated social data, are outlined.
Another Way of Knowing: Visualizing the Ancient Silk Routes.

One way that people learn, remember and communicate is visually. We combine past experiences with new visual information to construct meaning. In this study, elementary teachers introduced their students to the peoples and places of the ancient silk routes using illustrations from two children's picture books, Marco Polo, written by Gian Paolo Cesaerani and illustrated by Piero Ventura (1977), and We're Riding on a Caravan: An Adventure on the Silk Road (2005), written by Laurie Krebs and illustrated by Helen Cann. Students in the lower elementary grades were more literal than students in the higher grades in their observations of the books' illustrations. The older students had more knowledge of China and were able to construct more meaning from the illustrations than younger students. They were also able to recognize the illustrators' intent and manner of representation. Additionally the elementary teachers suggested contextualizing the activity within a study of China.
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator Treatment Improves Muscle Strength and Body Composition and Prevents Bone Loss in Orchidectomized Rats

The partial agonist activity of a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) in the prostate was demonstrated in orchidectomized rats. In the current study, we characterized the full agonist activity of S-3-(4-acetylamino-phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propionamide (a structurally related SARM referred to in other publications and hereafter as S-4) in skeletal muscle, bone, and pituitary of castrated male rats. Twelve weeks after castration, animals were treated with S-4 (3 or 10 mg/kg), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (3 mg/kg), or vehicle for 8 wk. S-4 (3 and 10 mg/kg) restored soleus muscle mass and strength and levator ani muscle mass to that seen in intact animals. Similar changes were also observed in DHT-treated (3 mg/kg) animals. Compared with the anabolic effects observed in muscle, DHT (3 mg/kg) stimulated prostate and seminal vesicle weights moire than 2-fold greater than that observed in intact controls, whereas S-4 (3 mg/kg) returned these androgenic organs to only 16 and 17%, respectively, of the control levels. S-4 (3 and 10 mg/kg) and DHT (3 mg/kg) restored castration-induced loss in lean body mass. Furthermore, S-4 treatment caused a significantly larger increase in total body bone mineral density than DHT. S-4 (3 and 10 mg/kg) also demonstrated agonist activity in the pituitary and significantly decreased plasma LH and FSH levels in castrated animals in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, the strong anabolic effects of S-4 in skeletal muscle, bone, and pituitary were achieved with minimal pharmacologic effect in the prostate. The tissue-selective pharmacologic activity of SARMs provides obvious advantages over steroidal androgen therapy and demonstrates the promising therapeutic utility that this new class of drugs may hold.
Apolipoprotein B is a calcium binding protein.

Human hepatocarcinoma Hep G2 cells were grown in culture medium containing [45Ca2]. The secreted lipoproteins of d < 1.063 g/ml and d 1.063–1.21 g/ml were isolated from the culture media and analyzed by 3.3% and 7% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Radioactivity profiles of [45Ca] from the gels showed that the peak of radioactivity corresponded to the apolipoprotein B band. The molar ratio of the incorporated [45Ca2+] and apolipoprotein B was close to unity. No radioactivity was found associated with any other secreted apolipoproteins. To confirm these findings, apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins were precipitated with anti-apolipoprotein B and high density lipoproteins were precipitated with anti-apolipoprotein A-I. Only the former precipitate was radioactive. These results suggest that apolipoprotein B is a calcium binding protein.
Free vibration analysis of circular cylindrical shells

Abstract Determination of the vibrational characteristics of circular cylindrical shells often requires significant computational effort. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive, computer based, numerical investigation of the free vibration of circular cylindrical shells. An analytical procedure which accurately predicts the natural frequencies and radial mode shapes (corresponding to axial wave number and circumferential wave number both equal to one) for a wide range of circular cylindrical shells is developed. The procedure is applicable to shells either with or without a top closure. Several numerical examples are presented which illustrate application of the procedure and verify its accuracy.
Enumeration of enterovirus particles by scanning electron microscopy.

Abstract Enumeration of virus particles requires relatively concentrated and uniformly dispersed virus preparations, which is difficult to achieve by the usual methods of negative staining and transmission electron microscopy. We have developed an electrophoretic method that concentrates enteroviruses onto a polycarbonate membrane for examination by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The electrophoretic apparatus comprises three chambers in electrical series, each containing 3.5 ml of dilute buffer. The center chamber is inoculated with virus. A 15-nm porosity membrane, which does not pass virus, separates the center from the side chambers. A constant current is applied, and chilled buffer is pumped past the electrodes for 2 h. The virus suspension is recovered, and changes in titer (or radio-activity if labeled virus is used) due to electrophoresis are measured. Buffer pH, relative to the viral isoelectric points, determines the direction of virus migration. Particle counts are calculated from the mean of 25 randomly chosen fields photographed at 35–60,000 × magnification and related to liters measured by plaque assay.
Holographic System for Automatic Surface Mapping

The surfaces of large (approximately 1-m) diffusely reflecting objects can be mapped by automatic following of the holographic real image of the object. Large aperture, low f number holograms give the shallow depth of focus required for this method. The ability to apply the technique to situations requiring a pulsed laser is demonstrated. Unity magnification real images from holograms made with a Q-switched ruby laser have a measured metric fidelity of at least one part in 104 over an object field of 60 deg. A sinusoidal optical interference pattern projected onto the object when the hologram is taken provides the type of contrast pattern necessary for unambiguous determination of the location of the focused image surface and facilitates automatic focus detection. The image is scanned by an image dissector that is moved about the image by a 3-axis slide system. A computer analyzes the video signals, directs the machine motions to follow the image, and provides an output of surface dimensions in digital form. A prototype machine using cw helium–neon lasers for object illumination and image reconstruction is described and performance data presented.
The eyes have it

This paper evaluates the impact of eye localization on face recognition accuracy. To investigate its importance, we present an eye perturbation sensitivity analysis, as well as empirical evidence that reinforces the notion that eye localization plays a key role in the accuracy of face recognition systems. In particular, correct measurement of eye separation is shown to be more important than correct eye location, highlighting the critical role of eye separation in the scaling and normalization of face images. Results suggest that significant gains in recognition accuracy may be achieved by focussing more effort on the eye localization stage of the face recognition process.
An analysis of the violence content of the radio thriller dramas—and some comparisons with television

This exploratory study adapts current television content analysis procedures to determine the violence content of both adult and children's radio “thriller”; dramas. Comparisons with television show similar amounts of violence.
On-chip traffic modeling and synthesis for MPEG-2 video applications

The objective of this paper is to introduce self-similarity as a fundamental property exhibited by the bursty traffic between on-chip modules in typical MPEG-2 video applications. Statistical tests performed on relevant traces extracted from common video clips establish unequivocally the existence of self-similarity in video traffic. Using a generic tile-based communication architecture, we discuss the implications of our findings on on-chip buffer space allocation and present quantitative evaluations for typical video streams. We also describe a technique for synthetically generating traces having statistical properties similar to those obtained from real video clips. Our proposed technique speeds up buffer simulations, allows media system designers to explore architectures rapidly and use large media data benchmarks more efficiently. We believe that our findings open new directions of research with deep implications on some fundamental issues in on-chip networks design for multimedia applications.
Dynamics of Tensegrity Systems: Compact Forms

Rather than the traditional vector differential equation, this paper introduces rigid body dynamics in a new form, as a matrix differential equation. We focus on axisymmetric rigid bodies which are adequate to describe a large class of problems, including tensegrity systems. For a system of beta rigid bodies, the forces are characterized in terms of network theory, and the kinematics are characterized in terms of the bar vectors (directed connections between two nodes attached to a rigid body). The dynamics are characterized by a second order differential equation in a 3 times 2beta configuration matrix. The first contribution of the paper is the dynamic model of a broad class of systems of rigid bodies, characterized in a compact form, requiring no inversion of a variable mass matrix. The second contribution is the derivation of all equilibria as a linear algebra problem in the control variables. The third contribution is the derivation of a linear model of the system of rigid bodies. One significance of these equations is the exact characterization of the statics and dynamics of all class 1 tensegrity structures, where rigid bar lengths are constant and the string force densities are control variables, which appear linearly. This will offer a significant advantage in control design tasks
Optimization of high-performance superscalar architectures for energy efficiency

In recent years reducing power has become a critical design goal for high-performance microprocessors. This work attempts to bring the power issue to the earliest phase of high-performance microprocessor development. We propose a methodology for power-optimization at the micro-architectural level. First, major targets for power reduction are identified within superscalar microarchitecture, then an optimization of a superscalar micro-architecture is performed that generates a set of energy-efficient configurations forming a convex hull in the power-performance space. The energy-efficient families are then compared to find configurations that dissipate the lowest power given a performance target, or, conversely, deliver the highest performance given a power budget. Application of the developed methodology to a superscalar micro-architecture shows that at the architectural level there is a potential for reducing power up to 50%, given a performance requirement, and for up to 15% performance improvement, given a power budget.
Investigation of HCB as a Metabolite from Female Rats Treated Daily for Six Days with Lindane

The biotransformation of lindane to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) by male rats was recently reported. Since HCB has been widely detected in human milk samples, and since the transplacental transfer of HCB to the fetus has been demonstrated in several species, the metabolism of lindane to HCB in female rats was investigated. Young adult female Fischer 344 rats were dosed p.o. with either 20 mg lindane/kg/day or an equivalent volume of the peanut oil vehicle. Feces samples were collected daily for two consecutive 4-hr intervals and a 16-hr interval. Twenty-four hours after the final treatment, all rats were sacrificed and adipose tissue samples were excised at necropsy. Extracts of fat and feces samples were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) on column packings of different polarity. Results of this study indicated that no significant biotransformation of lindane to HCB occurred in the female Fischer 344 rat.
Grandmothers and Caregiving to Grandchildren: Continuity, Change, and Outcomes Over 24 Months

86 Purpose: Transitions in caregiving, such as becoming a primary caregiver to grandchildren or having adult children and grandchildren move in or out, may affect the well-being of the grandmother. Design and Methods: This report describes caregiving patterns at 3 time points over 24 months in a sample of 485 Ohio grandmothers and examines the effects of stability and change in grandmother caregiving roles (raising a grandchild, living in a multigenerational home, or not caregiving to grandchildren). Drawing on the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, the study examined caregiving stress and reward, intrafamily strain, social support, resourcefulness, depressive symptoms, mental and physical health, and perceived family functioning. Caregiver group, time of measurement, switching between caregiver groups, and baseline age, race, education, work status, and marital status were considered as independent variables within the context of a one-way treatment structure in a mixed-model multivariate analysis. Results: There were significant caregiver group effects for all variables, except mental health and resourcefulness. Grandmothers raising grandchildren reported the most stress, intrafamily strain, and perceived problems in family functioning, the worst physical health and more depressive symptoms, and the least reward and subjective support. Across groups, there were significant time effects, with worsening physical health and increased stress over time. Switching to higher levels of caregiving was associated with worsening physical health and increases in stress, intrafamily strain, and perceived problems in family functioning. Implications: Recommendations
Equations and the Equal Sign in Elementary Mathematics Textbooks.

AbstractTo promote a relational understanding of the equal sign (=), students may require exposure to a variety of equation types (i.e., 3 = 8 − 5; 2 + 3 = 1 + 4; 9 − 3 = 6). The purpose of this study was to evaluate 8 elementary curricula for degree of exposure to equation types. Across 6 elementary grade levels, curricula were coded for the number of standard and nonstandard equation types appearing within the student textbook. Except in 1 of the 8 curricula, students typically do not receive exposure to nonstandard equation types that promote a relational understanding of the equal sign. An analysis of the accompanying teacher manual for each textbook suggests that students receive minimal instruction on relational definitions of the equal sign, with the majority of instruction occurring in grades K–2 and minimal instruction provided in grades 3–5.
Neuregulin-1 Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Chemotherapy-Induced Heart Failure

The National Cancer Institute estimates that approximately 13.7 million Americans with a history of cancer were alive on January 1, 2012. With the rising number of cancer survivors, there is an increased focus on how chemotherapy agents modulate the cardiovascular biology and cause chemotherapy-related heart failure in certain patients. Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is an important cardiac growth factor that is essential for normal myocardial development and maintenance. Certain chemotherapy agents perturb the normal NRG-1 signaling in the cardiovascular system and cause cardiac dysfunction and, in some cases, symptomatic heart failure. As researchers have learned the critical importance of NRG-1 within the cardiovascular system, more attention has been focused on the potential use of NRG-1 as biomarker and therapy for the treatment of heart failure. This review will highlight the biology of NRG-1 within the cardiovascular system, its role in chemotherapy-induced heart failure, and the translational potential of NRG-1 as treatment for heart failure.
Clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings of schizencephaly in children

Purpose: Schizencephaly is a uncommon congenital brain anomaly characterized by congenital clefts spanning the cerebral hemispheres from pial surface to lateral ventricles and lined by gray matter. In this study, we investigated the clinical manifestation and radiologic findings of pediatric schizencephaly. Methods: The data of 13 patients who were diagnosed with schizencephaly in Severance Childrens Hospital and Yongdong Severance Hospital from January 2005 to December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 9.08±2.67 months old and ranged from 1 to 30 months. The ratio of male to female patients was 3.33:1. Five (38.5%) patients had bilateral clefts, while 8 (61.5%) had unilateral clefts. Five (38.5%) patients had closed lip clefts, and 4 (30.8%) had opened lip clefts. Four (30.8%) patients had multiple clefts. Associated anomalies showed in all cases. The clinical features consisted of mild unilateral weakness in 7 (53.8%) cases and a hemiparesis was present in 3 (23.1%) patients. A tetraparesis was in 3 (23.1%) patients. There was no difference in motor deficit between unilateral and bilateral clefts. Delayed development was observed in all cases. Epilepsy was present in 7 (53.8%) patients, 5 patients with unilateral clefts and 2 patients with bilateral clefts. Three (42.8%) patients showed intractable seizures. Conclusion: Schizencephaly showed variable clinical manifestations and radiologic findings in association with the types and locations of the clefts. It is necessary to diagnose schizencephaly early and to detect the development of epilepsy. Intensive and large studies of the correlation of clinical outcomes and radiologic findings should be continued for more effective treatment. (Korean J Pediatr 2009;52:458-463)
Automated protein structure refinement using i3Drefine software and its assessment in CASP10

We present fully automated and computationally efficient protein 3D structure refinement software called i3Drefine, based on an iterative and highly convergent energy minimization algorithm with a powerful all-atom composite physics and knowledge-based force fields and hydrogen bonding (HB) network optimization technique. In the recent community-wide blind experiment, CASP10, i3Drefine (as 'MULTICOM-CONSTRUCT') was ranked as the best method in the server section as per the official assessment of CASP10 experiment. Our analysis demonstrates that i3Drefine is only fully-automated server participating in CASP10 exhibiting consistent improvement over the initial structures in both global and local structural quality metrics. Executable version of i3Drefine software is freely available at http://protein.rnet.missouri.edu/i3drefine/.
Revolutionary Calvinist Parties in England Under Elizabeth I and Charles I

Some of the comparative ideas that Mr. Kingdon has dealt with in the foregoing article are elaborations of views that he suggested in his recent monograph, Geneva and the Coming of the Wars of Religion, 1555–1563 . In a recent review of this book by Sir John Neale the author is praised for claiming that the “highly-organized subversive conspiracy from Geneva,” which was so important in the French wars of religion, “has a bearing on Dutch and English, not to mention Scottish, history.” What is more, Neale indicates that he “certainly finds it illuminating for an appreciation of the Puritan Classical movement in Elizabethan history.” It might be worth-while, therefore, to extend the discussion by briefly examining Mr. Kingdon's criteria for “revolutionary Calvinist parties” in connection with England in the age of Elizabeth and, later, with the period of the English civil wars of the mid-seventeenth century. Those criteria include a synodical organization, noble leadership, and a resistance theory.
Identifying grasslands suitable for cellulosic feedstock crops in the Greater Platte River Basin: dynamic modeling of ecosystem performance with 250 m eMODIS

This study dynamically monitors ecosystem performance (EP) to identify grasslands potentially suitable for cellulosic feedstock crops (e.g., switchgrass) within the Greater Platte River Basin (GPRB). We computed grassland site potential and EP anomalies using 9-year (2000–2008) time series of 250 m expedited moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data, geophysical and biophysical data, weather and climate data, and EP models. We hypothesize that areas with fairly consistent high grassland productivity (i.e., high grassland site potential) in fair to good range condition (i.e., persistent ecosystem overperformance or normal performance, indicating a lack of severe ecological disturbance) are potentially suitable for cellulosic feedstock crop development. Unproductive (i.e., low grassland site potential) or degraded grasslands (i.e., persistent ecosystem underperformance with poor range condition) are not appropriate for cellulosic feedstock development. Grassland pixels with high or moderate ecosystem site potential and with more than 7 years ecosystem normal performance or overperformance during 2000–2008 are identified as possible regions for future cellulosic feedstock crop development (ca. 68 000 km 2 within the GPRB, mostly in the eastern areas). Long-term climate conditions, elevation, soil organic carbon, and yearly seasonal precipitation and temperature are important performance variables to determine the suitable areas in this study. The final map delineating the suitable areas within the GPRB provides a new monitoring and modeling approach that can contribute to decision support tools to help land managers and decision makers make optimal land use decisions regarding cellulosic feedstock crop development and sustainability.
Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy

Abstract Objective Previous research characterized three cognitive phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy, each associated with a different profile of clinical seizure and demographic characteristics, total cerebral (gray, white, cerebrospinal fluid) and hippocampal volumes, and prospective cognitive trajectories. The objective of this investigation was to characterize in detail the specific neuroanatomical abnormalities associated with each cognitive phenotype. Methods High-resolution MRI scans of healthy controls (n = 53) and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 55), grouped by cognitive phenotype (minimally impaired; memory impaired; memory, executive function, and speed impaired), were examined with respect to patterns of gray matter thickness throughout the cortical mantle, as well as volumes of subcortical structures, corpus callosum, and regions of the cerebellum. Results Increasing abnormalities in temporal and extratemporal cortical thickness, volumes of subcortical structures (hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia), all regions of the corpus callosum, and bilateral cerebellar gray matter distinguish the cognitive phenotypes in a generally stepwise fashion. The most intact anatomy is observed in the minimally impaired epilepsy group and the most abnormal anatomy is evident in the epilepsy group with impairments in memory, executive function, and speed. Conclusion Empirically derived cognitive phenotypes are associated with the presence, severity, and distribution of anatomic abnormalities in widely distributed cortical, subcortical, callosal, and cerebellar networks.
Inheritance of host finding ability on structurally complex surfaces

The connectivity of a surface (structural complexity) can have a significant effect on the host finding behavior and efficiency of parasitoids that must search the surface for hosts. We investigated whether the generalist egg parasitoid, Trichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), found hosts more efficiently on simple or complex surfaces, and evaluated the potential genetic basis of this variation using a full-sib/ half-sib mating design. Of the egg masses parasitized 63.8% were on the simple surface while only 36.2% were on the complex surface. There was significant repeatable variation among females (repeatability =0.59, n=19 females), with some better at finding hosts on simple surfaces and others better on complex surfaces. These results reinforce previous findings that structural complexity can affect host finding by parasitoids. The additive genetic variance in this character was not significant (sires =23, dams =46, progeny =92), but the maternal plus dominance variance (V m+1/2V d) was significant (P<0.036), and accounted for 48.8% of the total phenotypic variance. The maternal or dominance effects could have complex evolutionary consequences, causing the evolution of other foraging traits to be retarded, to overshoot their optima, or to have complex selective regimes. Thus, the evolution of foraging behavior may depend strongly on the mechanistic details of foraging behavior, including the effects of structural complexity on host finding.
Increased rate of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and declining high-risk human papillomavirus rates following implementation of ThinPrep Imaging System are associated with increased nuclear chromasia

Introduction The ThinPrep Imaging System ([Imager], Cytyc Corporation, Hologic, Inc.) for cervical cytology is commonly employed in laboratories. It uses a proprietary stain that allows measurement of cellular DNA content. We evaluated the initial effect of implementing the Imager stain on atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) diagnoses, and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) rates. Materials and methods This study included 264 Imager-stained ASCUS cases from the first 5 months of Imager use. All cases were analyzed for hrHPV using Hybrid Capture II assay (Digene Corporation, Qiagen). ASCUS/SIL ratios and hrHPV-positive rates were calculated for the laboratory overall and for 3 cytopathologists. ASCUS/SIL ratios were also calculated for 5 cytotechnologists. These metrics were compared with those from the equivalent 5-month period 1 year prior. Slide review of all Imager-stained ASCUS cases was performed to assess for potential factors involved in ASCUS misinterpretation. Results The proportion of ASCUS diagnoses increased after Imager stain introduction, from 1.79% to 3.14% ( P P P = 0.104). Review of Imager-stained ASCUS cases showed marked nuclear hyperchromasia, particularly in benign squamous metaplastic cells. Conclusions Imager stain implementation, required for the ThinPrep Imaging System, led to significant increase in ASCUS rates while the hrHPV-positive rate declined. Cytopathologists will need to recalibrate thresholds for an ASCUS diagnosis when interpreting Imager-stained slides. In particular, nuclear hyperchromasia in squamous metaplastic cells should not be overdiagnosed as ASCUS.
PROGRESS TOWARD ROLL PROCESSING OF SOLAR REFLECTIVE MATERIAL

The goal of this work is to demonstrate that high performance solar reflective material can be produced in a roll format using vacuum deposition techniques. The material consists of a multilayer thin film stack on a substrate. The essential feature of the film stack is an alumina film several microns thick deposited over a silver film. The alumina film is deposited under high vacuum using a physical vapor deposition technique called ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). The alumina film is optically transparent, scratch resistant, and durable. Its purpose is to protect the silver film and maintain high optical reflectance. Work on this reflective material began five years ago. Samples were produced on polyester substrates by batch coating. Those samples showed excellent durability in accelerated testing at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden Colorado. The principal limitation to commercializa tion of the process was a low alumina deposition rate. Over the past three years the alumina deposition rate has been increased from 1 nm/s to 20 nm/s.
Single-step nanoparticle antigen presentation system for tumor immunotherapy

Meeting abstracts While only 10-30% of patients treated with currently approved single immunotherapies demonstrate long-term benefit, treatment efficacy in responders correlates with increased CD8+ T cell responses to neoantigens (tumor antigens hidden from the immune system). Thus, to improve
Medicaid Expansions from 1997 to 2009 Increased Coverage and Improved Access and Mental Health Outcomes for Low‐Income Parents

Objective To assess the effects of past Medicaid eligibility expansions to parents on coverage, access to care, out-of-pocket (OOP) spending, and mental health outcomes, and consider implications for the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion. Data Sources Person-level data from the National Health Interview Survey (1998–2010) is used to measure insurance coverage and related outcomes for low-income parents. Using state identifiers available at the National Center for Health Statistics Research Data Center, we attach state Medicaid eligibility thresholds for parents collected from a variety of sources to NHIS observations. Study Design We use changes in the Medicaid eligibility threshold for parents within states over time to identify the effects of changes in eligibility on low-income parents. Principal Findings We find that expanding Medicaid eligibility increases insurance coverage, reduces unmet needs due to cost and OOP spending, and improves mental health status among low-income parents. Moreover, our findings suggest that uninsured populations in states not currently participating in the ACA Medicaid expansion would experience even larger improvements in coverage and related outcomes than those in participating states if they chose to expand eligibility. Conclusions The ACA Medicaid expansion has the potential to improve a wide variety of coverage, access, financial, and health outcomes for uninsured parents in states that choose to expand coverage.
Multichannel TransmissionTransmit Diversity and SpaceTime Coding

In this chapter, we first introduce the notion of transmit diversity , which shifts the complexity associated with the implementation of a diversity receiver to the transmitter with the hope of accomplishing the same purpose, specifically, providing diversity gain, with as little compromise as possible in average SNR performance. In the simplest of terms, we transmit the same signal information (over a multitude of symbol intervals and not necessarily in the same sequence) simultaneously from a multitude of antennas and appropriately combine the faded versions of these transmissions received in the multitude of symbol intervals in such a way as to provide a diversity gain.
Overview of the Space Launch System Ascent Aeroacoustic Environment Test Program

Characterization of accurate flight vehicle unsteady aerodynamics is critical for component and secondary structure vibroacoustic design. The Aerosciences Branch at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center has conducted a test at the NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) Unitary Plan Wind Tunnels (UPWT) to determine such ascent aeroacoustic environments for the Space Launch System (SLS). Surface static pressure measurements were also collected to aid in determination of local environments for venting, CFD substantiation, and calibration of the flush air data system located on the launch abort system. Additionally, this test supported a NASA Engineering and Safety Center study of alternate booster nose caps. Testing occurred during two test campaigns: August - September 2013 and December 2013 - January 2014. Four primary model configurations were tested for ascent aeroacoustic environment definition. The SLS Block 1 vehicle was represented by a 2.5% full stack model and a 4% truncated model. Preliminary Block 1B payload and manned configurations were also tested, using 2.5% full stack and 4% truncated models respectively. This test utilized the 11 x 11 foot transonic and 9 x 7 foot supersonic tunnel sections at the ARC UPWT to collect data from Mach 0.7 through 2.5 at various total angles of attack. SLS Block 1 design environments were developed primarily using these data. SLS Block 1B preliminary environments have also been prepared using these data. This paper discusses the test and analysis methodology utilized, with a focus on the unsteady data collection and processing.
Assessment of reliability of CAD-CAM tooth-colored implant custom abutments

Abstract Statement of problem Information is lacking about the fatigue resistance of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) tooth-colored implant custom abutment materials. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the reliability of different types of CAD-CAM tooth-colored implant custom abutments. Material and methods Zirconia (Lava Plus), lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD), and resin-based composite (Lava Ultimate) abutments were fabricated using CAD-CAM technology and bonded to machined titanium-6 aluminum-4 vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy inserts for conical connection implants (NobelReplace Conical Connection RP 4.3×10 mm; Nobel Biocare). Three groups (n=19) were assessed: group ZR, CAD-CAM zirconia/Ti-6Al-4V bonded abutments; group RC, CAD-CAM resin-based composite/Ti-6Al-4V bonded abutments; and group LD, CAD-CAM lithium disilicate/Ti-6Al-4V bonded abutments. Fifty-seven implant abutments were secured to implants and embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin according to ISO standard 14801. Static failure load (n=5) and fatigue failure load (n=14) were tested. Weibull cumulative damage analysis was used to calculate step-stress reliability at 150-N and 200-N loads with 2-sided 90% confidence limits. Representative fractured specimens were examined using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to observe fracture patterns. Results Weibull plots revealed β values of 2.59 for group ZR, 0.30 for group RC, and 0.58 for group LD, indicating a wear-out or cumulative fatigue pattern for group ZR and load as the failure accelerating factor for groups RC and LD. Fractographic observation disclosed that failures initiated in the interproximal area where the lingual tensile stresses meet the compressive facial stresses for the early failure specimens. Plastic deformation of titanium inserts with fracture was observed for zirconia abutments in fatigue resistance testing. Conclusions Significantly higher reliability was found in group ZR, and no significant differences in reliability were determined between groups RC and LD. Differences were found in the failure characteristics of group ZR between static and fatigue loading.