cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
House dust mite-responsive human T cells require both interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 4 for optimal proliferation, whereas IL2 alone is sufficient for proliferation of tetanus toxoid-responsive T cells.

Abstract Production of interleukin 4 (IL4) and response to IL4 may be a key determinant of the atopic immune response. Proliferation requirements of allergen-specific T cells derived from atopics and nonatopics were determined. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured with either house dust mite (HDM) or tetanus toxoid under limiting dilution conditions with interleukin 2 (IL2) alone or IL2 + IL4. The relative proportion of antigen-specific T cells responding under each of these conditions was determined by proliferation. The combination of IL2 + IL4 resulted in the highest proportion of responding HDM-specific T cells. Similar results were obtained with HDM-specific T cells from both atopic and nonatopic donors. These HDM and Der pI responsive cells were found to be CD4+CD8-. In contrast, tetanus toxoid-responsive T cells from both atopic and nonatopic donors grew preferentially in response to IL2 alone.
A Protocol Framework for Managing Dynamically Formed Joint Mobile Networks

Interoperability among Joint Tactical Edge Networks (JTEN), which typically comprise of independently operated mobile and stationed networks, depend on cooperation to enable direct battle field communications among them. Often, JTEN interoperability is planned well in advance to ensure effective formation of a joint tactical network. In addition, each independent network is managed by its own network management system. This paper focuses on enabling rapid formation of dynamic (ad hoc) joint tactical edge networks by means of auto-configuration, self-organizing among participating network management entities. We propose a framework for dynamically forming and operating joint warfighting networks that leverages TMF's NGOSS architecture combined with SOA and Net-Centric concepts, and propose a network management collaboration protocol framework that facilitates discovery, engagement and operations activities. We discuss how the protocol framework enables formation of a dynamic, efficient and robust joint warfighting network. The novelty of the proposed approach is that the dynamic formation of the joint network is achieved through network management collaboration activities.
An emerging consensus for telomerase RNA structure

Telomerase maintains telomere length by adding G-rich telomeric repeats to the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. The core telomerase enzyme consists of two components: an essential RNA component and a catalytic protein component. The catalytic component, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), contains sequence motifs homologous to those in the catalytic domain of reverse transcriptase enzymes. Although the TERT component of telomerase is fairly conserved among eukaryotes, the RNA component varies dramatically in sequence composition and in size. The structure of the telomerase RNA has been well established in ciliates and vertebrates (1–4). These structural models have led to experiments that provided fundamental insight into telomerase RNA function. However, it has been difficult to determine the global secondary structure of the very large yeast RNA. In the past month, there have been four new reports proposing a secondary structure for the yeast telomerase RNA (5–8). In this issue of PNAS, Blackburn and colleagues (7) propose a core structure for the yeast telomerase RNA that resembles the structure present in ciliate and vertebrate telomerase RNAs. Telomerase RNA is very divergent across eukaryotic species. The size ranges from ≈150 nt in ciliates to >1,300 nt in fungi. Although there is some sequence similarity within each group of closely related eukaryotes, there is no sequence similarity between groups. Thus, the telomerase RNA sequences from vertebrates cannot be aligned with the RNA sequences from ciliates. The rapid divergence in RNA size and sequence has made it difficult to identify common secondary structures for telomerase RNAs. Phylogenetic comparative analysis has proven to be the most powerful approach for inferring higher-order RNA structures. In this method, base paired helices in RNA secondary structure are determined by nucleotide covariation between species (9). For example, an A:U base pair in one species may change to a …
Spatial and temporal variations in streambed hydraulic conductivity quantified with time-series thermal methods

Summary We gauged and instrumented an 11.42-km long experimental reach of the Pajaro River, central coastal California, to determine rates of streambed seepage (loss and hyporheic exchange) using reach averaged and point specific methods. We used these data to assess changes in streambed hydraulic conductivity with time, as a function of channel discharge and associated changes in sediment scour and deposition. Discharge loss along the experimental reach was generally 0.1–0.3 m 3 s −1 when channel discharge was ⩽2 m 3 s −1 , with most of the loss occurring along the lower part of the experimental reach. Point specific seepage rates, determined using time-series analysis of streambed thermal records, indicate seepage rates as great as −1.4 m day −1 (downward into the streambed). Seepage rates varied spatially and with time, with greater seepage occurring along the lower part of the reach and during the summer and fall. Seepage rate and hydraulic gradient data show that streambed hydraulic conductivity was 10 −6 –10 −4 m s −1 along the experimental reach, with lower conductivity determined later in the dry season, as sediment was deposited on the streambed during low flow conditions. These results suggest that models of surface water–ground water interactions may benefit from inclusion of relations between stream discharge, sediment load, and streambed hydraulic properties.
Cervical strain/sprain (is this a metaphor or a medical diagnosis?).

8470. This is an ICD-9 code? Shorthand for pain in the neck is more realistic. Facet synovitis; occipital nerve neuritis; or myofascial pain uncovered by trauma. In the old days we heard 'whiplash' an unfortunate term implying mode of injury, not result! To accept terminology such as 'whiplash', one would also accept 'fall from a ladder', 'slipped on stairs', 'moving a sofa', 'fell off a house', etc., etc. But cervical sprain/strain is still meaningless and fast becoming a metaphor for continued complaints ... and TREATMENT. I recently reviewed a patient's chart with this diagnosis who was still receiving twice weekly ultrasound, 'myofascial release', and acupuncture. Is this really necessary? To this question, I respond with an emphatic NO! Not even nearly appropriate. But, should I indict the provider or the patient or both?
THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS OF MICE. V. THE METABOLIC (CATABOLIC) PROPERTIES OF FIVE IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASSES.

The metabolic properties of immunoglobulin were investigated by comparing five classes of mouse immunoglobulin. Three forms of 7S immunoglobulin had different rates of catabolism. The fractional rates of catabolism were found to be about 13 per cent per day for 7S γ2a-globulin; 25 per cent for 7S γ2b-globulin; and 17 per cent for 7S γ1-globulin. Catabolism of the three classes of 7S γ-globulin (γ2a, γ2b, and γ1) were prolonged at low serum 7S γ-globulin levels and accelerated at high serum 7S γ-globulin levels. Each of the 7S γ-globulin components was influenced by the serum level of the other mouse 7S γ-globulin components and by exogenously administered human 7S γ-globulin. They were not appreciably altered, however, by the serum level of IgA (γ1A-, β2A-globulin). The progressively changing (longer) half-times observed in turnover studies of normal IgG (7S γ-globulin) may be caused by catabolic heterogeneity of normal 7S immunoglobulins which are immunochemically and catabolically related to γ2a-, γ2b-, and 7S γ1-myeloma proteins. These studies indicate that the 7S γ2a-, 7S γ2b-, and 7S γ1-globulins share a common catabolic control mechanism. This mechanism is influenced by the serum level of each of these components, but is independent of the serum level of IgA (γ1A-globulin) and probably is independent of IgM (γ1M-globulin). Catabolism of IgA (γ1A-, β2A-globulin) and IgM (γ1M-globulin) was much more rapid than the catabolism of the 7S γ-globulins. The halftimes of the IgA and IgM were approximately 1.2 and 0.5 days respectively. The fractional rate of catabolism of IgA and IgM seemed to be independent of their serum concentration. The rate of catabolism, as well as the rate of synthesis, was shown to play a major role in determining the serum level of each class of immunoglobulin.
Small intestine mucosal immune system response to injury and the impact of parenteral nutrition.

Background Both humans and mice increase airway immunoglobulin A (IgA) after injury. This protective response is associated with TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 airway increases and in mice is dependent upon these cytokines as well as enteral feeding. Parenteral nutrition (PN) with decreased enteral stimulation (DES) alters gut barrier function, decreases intestinal IgA, and decreases the principal IgA transport protein pIgR. We investigated the small intestine (SI) IgA response to injury and the role of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PN/DES. Methods Expt 1: Murine kinetics of SI washing fluid (SIWF) IgA; SI, SIWF and serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, was determined by ELISA from 0 to 8 hours after a limited surgical stress injury (laparotomy and neck incisions). Expt 2: Mice received chow or PN/DES before injury and SIWF IgA and SI pIgR levels were determined at 0 and 8 hours. Expt 3: Mice received PBS, TNF-α antibody, or IL-1β antibody 30 minutes before injury to measure effects on the SIWF IgA response. Expt 4: Mice received injury or exogenous TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 to measure effects on the SIWF IgA response. Results Expt 1: SIWF IgA levels increased significantly by 2 hours after injury without associated increases in TNF-α or IL-1β whereas IL-6 was only increased at 1 hour after injury. Expt 2: PN/DES significantly reduced baseline SIWF IgA and SI pIgR and eliminated their increase after injury seen in Chow mice. Expt 3: TNF-α and IL-1β blockade did not affect the SIWF IgA increase after injury. Expt 4: Exogenous TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased SIWF IgA similarly to injury. Conclusion The SI mucosal immune responds to injury or exogenous TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 with an increase in lumen IgA, although it does not rely on local SI increases in TNF-α or IL-1β as it does in the lung. Similar to the lung, the IgA response is eliminated with PN/DES.
Effects of transverse shear on large deflection random response of symmetric composite laminates with mixed boundary conditions

Nonlinear equations of motion of symmetrically laminated anisotropic plates are derived considering von Karman strains and transverse shear effects. Using a single-mode Galerkin procedure, the nonlinear modal equation is obtained. The direct equivalent linearization method is employed for solution of this equation. The effects of transverse shear on large deflection vibration of laminated plates with mixed boundary support conditions under random excitation are studied. Mean-square deflections and mean-square inplane strains are obtained for symmetric graphite-epoxy laminates. Using equilibrium equations and the continuity requirements, the mean-square transverse shear stresses are calculated. The results obtained will be useful in the sonic fatigue design of composite aircraft panels. The analysis is presented in detail for plates with two opposing edges simply supported and the remaining edges clamped.
Amylin in human pancreatic islets.

Summary Aims Double and triple immunocytochemical staining was used to co-localise amylin with four pancreatic hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. Methods Normal human adult islets were initially stained for amylin using the avidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase method. The stained sections were subsequently stained for four pancreatic hormones, respectively, with the immunoperox-idase method. Results The same islet cells that were positively stained for amylin, were also positively stained for insulin, and were positively stained for glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide in lesser cell numbers. Conclusions Amylin is known to co-secrete and is co-localised with insulin and three other islet hormones are co-localised with amylin. This co-localisation of amylin with all four pancreatic hormones may support a role for amylin in secretory processes of these hormones.
Stochastic From Optimization

The objective of conceptual design is to develop a concept of a future engineering system. Very often, a standard, well-known concept is sought. Sometimes, however, an unknown but feasible concept is desired, one which is innovative and possibly patentable. In this case, conceptual design can be considered as a process of creative problem solving, and the principles of heuristics can be used.
The Use of Software Complexity Metrics in Software Maintenance

This paper reports on a modest study which relates seven different software complexity metrics to the experience of maintenance activities performed on a medium size software system. Three different versions of the system that evolved over a period of three years were analyzed in this study. A major revision of the system, while still in its design phase, was also analyzed.
Evaluation of paramedic utilization of the intubating laryngeal mask airway in high-fidelity simulated critical care scenarios.

IntroductionSuccessful oxygenation and ventilation can mean the difference between life and death in the prehospital setting. While airway challenges can be numerous within the confines of the emergency department, there are many additional confounding difficulties in the prehospital setting, which include limited access to equipment, poor lighting, extreme environments, limited personnel to assist, no immediate backup, and limited rescue airway options. The concept of an easy, reliable, and rapidly deployable alternative rescue airway device is critical, especially when considering the addition of rapid sequence intubation protocols in the prehospital setting.HypothesisThe primary objective of this study was to ascertain whether paramedics can be trained to deploy this alternative airway device with an acceptable success rate in a simulated critical care airway scenario. The secondary objective was to determine whether the previously-trained paramedics were able to retain their ability to deploy the device successfully at one year.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational, single-group, descriptive cohort, educational trial. Forty paramedics were trained in the use of the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (I-LMA) in a simulation medicine curriculum culminating in a simulated critical care difficult airway scenario requiring urgent oxygenation and ventilation after failed traditional endotracheal intubation. An emergency medicine physician proctor determined successful airway management. Repeat testing was then performed at approximately one year out, challenging the medics to intubate a mannequin using the I-LMA during an unrelated training session.ResultsOf the 40 paramedics who underwent complete simulation training, 39 were able to intubate and ventilate the simulated difficult airway using the I-LMA during the critical care scenario. This yields a success rate of 97.5% (95% CI, 87.1%-99.4%). At approximately one year out, 35 out of 35 medics were able to intubate the mannequin using the I-LMA, resulting in a success rate of 100% (95% CI, 91.4%-100%).ConclusionsIn this study, paramedics were able to deploy the I-LMA with a high degree of success in a simulated difficult airway, with a high degree of skill retention at one year out.ByarsD, LoB, YatesJ. Evaluation of Paramedic Utilization of the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway in High-Fidelity Simulated Critical Care Scenarios. Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(6):1-2.
Soils and agriculture in central-west and north Brazil

Modern soil science, spearheaded by research in Brazil has facilitated the utilization of vast areas of previously uncultivated soil long considered unsuitable for human food production into highly productive agricultural land. Naturally acid soils with high contents of aluminum and iron oxides and low CEC values and organic matter contents long considered insurmountable obstacles to crop production in tropical latitudes could be extremely productive. With continued development of the infrastructure needed by commercial agriculture Brazil has the potential to lead the world in its quest to provide food for growing human populations.
Determination of Moisture Deficit and Heat Stress Tolerance in Corn Using Physiological Measurements and a Low‐Cost Microcontroller‐Based Monitoring System

In the southern United States, corn production encounters moisture deficit coupled with high-temperature stress, particularly during the reproductive stage of the plant. In evaluating plants for environmental stress tolerance, it is important to monitor changes in their physical environment under natural conditions, especially when there are multiple stress factors, and integrate this information with their physiological responses. A low-cost microcontrollerbased monitoring system was developed to automate measurement of canopy, soil and air temperatures, and soil moisture status in field plots. The purpose of this study was to examine how this system, in combination with physiological measurements, could assist in detecting differences among corn genotypes in response to moisture deficit and heat stress. Three commercial hybrids and two inbred germplasm lines were grown in the field under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigments, cell membrane thermostability (CMT) and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were determined on these genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Variations observed in air and soil temperatures, and soil moisture in plots of the individual corn genotypes helped explain their differences in canopy temperature (CT), and these variations were reflected in the physiological responses. One of the commercial hybrids, having the lowest CT and the highest CMT, was the most tolerant among the genotypes under moisture deficit and heat stress conditions. These results demonstrated that the low-cost microcontroller-based monitoring system, in combination with physiological measurements, was effective in evaluating corn genotypes for drought and heat stress tolerance.
High-energy x-ray beam calibrations using scaling

When calibrating high‐energy x‐ray beams, it is convenient to measure in a plastic phantom and convert the result to absorbed dose in water at a specified depth, field size, and distance from the source. By combining the scaling theorem with the observation that TAR is independent of the distance to the source, it is demonstrated that the measurement in plastic can be made at the same source–detector distance but scaling depth and field size. Experiments to support this were made in acrylic and water with 6‐ and 25‐MV x rays and at different distances from the source. The agreement between the calibrations in acrylic and water was comparable to that using the current national protocol, which recommends the scaling of depth only while using the same field size and source–detector distance in the two media and correcting for the difference in scatter dose. It was confirmed that the scaling factor may be the ratio between the electron densities of acrylic and water, or the ratio between the linear attenuation coefficients. A method to determine this factor directly is also described.
Application of fixed‐interval schedules to intracranial self‐stimulation for assessing psychomotor stimulants

Rats were implanted with stimulating electrodes aimed at the medial forebrain bundlelateral hypothalamus (MFB-LH) and were trained to lever-press for brain stimulation on a fixed-interval 15-sec schedule of reinforcement. When behavior had stabilized, the animals were tested with graded doses of d-amphetamine (0.1–1.0 mg/kg), cocaine (3.0–30 mg/kg), and nomifensine (1.0–10 mg/kg). Separate groups of animals were tested in a locomotor activity procedure over the same dose ranges. All three drugs produced graded increases in rates of responding which ranged from 180–295% of saline control levels following the highest dose of each drug. In contrast, there were no significant changes in numbers of reinforcements at any of the doses used. When tested in a locomotor activity device, all three drugs produced similar increases in activity with increasing dosage. Although currently little used, the fixed-interval schedule of brain self-stimulation can be helpful in making comparisons of the stimulant properties of abused drugs, such as amphetamine and cocaine, and less well-known drugs with abuse potential such as nomifensine. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Imperial Boyhood: Piracy and the Play Ethic

obert Baden- Powell, who saw the empire's future in the hands of his boy scouts and was praised for having "always been a boy himself" ("B-P"); Alfred milner in south Africa, who called his circle of disciples the "kinder - garten"; and Horatio Kitchener in e gypt, who called his the "band of boys." When, in his late forties, Cecil r hodes exulted, "I am a boy! I am in the pages of imperial romance, the frontier became crowded with youthful men and heroic adolescents, while the novels themselves were increasingly aimed at a male audience whose age was explicitly blurred: after the success of Treasure Island (1883), as Harvey Darton has argued, previously distinct readerships of men and boys found common ground AbstrAct: representations of perpetual boyhood came to fascinate the late Victorians, partly because such images could naturalize a new spirit of imperial aggression and new policies of preserving power. This article traces the emergence of this fantasy through a series of stories about the relationship of the boy and the pirate, figures whose opposition in mid-Victorian literature was used to articulate the moral legiti - macy of colonialism, but who became doubles rather than antitheses in later novels, such as r . L. stevenson's Treasure Island and Joseph Conrad's Lord Jim . masculine worth needed no longer to be measured by reference to transcendent, universal laws, but by a morally flexible ethic of competitive play, one that bound together boyishness and piracy in a satisfying game of international adventure.
Software economics: a roadmap

The fundamental goal of all good design and engineering is to create maximal value added for any given investment. There are many dimensions in which value can be assessed, from monetary profit to the solution of social problems. The benefits sought are often domain-specific, yet the logic is the same: design is an investment activity. Software economics is the field that seeks to enable significant improvements in software design and engineering through economic reasoning about product, process, program, and portfolio and policy issues. We summarize the state of the art and identify shortfalls in existing knowledge. Past work focuses largely on costs, not on benefits, thus not on value added; nor are current technical software design criteria linked clearly to value creation. We present a roadmap for research emphasizing the need for a strategic investment approach to software engineering. We discuss how software economics can lead to fundamental improvements in software design and engineering, in theory and practice.
Mechanical control of redox enthalpy

The change in elastic energy which accompanies transfer of an electron to an acceptor site in a protein is formulated. The sign and magnitude of this energy is found to depend upon the structural geometry to which the site is constrained by the stiffness of the protein. Through this enthalpy component, conditions which alter protein structure can contribute to the control of the oxidation-reduction equilibrium at the site. The difference between the total redox enthalpy and the elastic component is the electrostatic contribution. The formulation is applied to the electron acceptor site in the blue cupric protein azurin.
Singlet oxygen: the relevance of extracellular production mechanisms to oxidative stress in vivo

Since the physiological relevance of 1O2 independent of photosensitization has been controversial, we review proposed reaction mechanisms for its extracellular production in vivo and discuss the relevance of this production to oxidative stress. We conclude that extracellular 1O2 production by the spontaneous dismutation of O2˙−does have physiological relevance. Also, extracellular 1O2 production by the eosinophil peroxidase–H2O2–bromide system could have physiological relevance. As regards the other reactions discussed in this review, the evidence is not sufficient to warrant any conclusions as to the physiological relevance of these to extracellular 1O2 production. What is evident is that the microenvironment will have a significant influence on the success or failure of extracellular 1O2 production. To date, most demonstrations of 1O2 production by physiologically relevant mechanisms have used conditions that minimize competitive reactions. More research demonstrating how physiologically relevant competitive reactions influence extracellular 1O2 production is needed.
Illusions (and shattered illusions) of invulnerability: Adolescents in natural disaster

It is suggested that, even in the absence of emotional sequelae, victims of trauma continue to feel vulnerable to similar future victimization. We hypothesized this to be true even for adolescents who, theoretically, tend to view themselves as invulnerable to death itself. Subjects were 455 adolescents sampled from 12 high schools, most located in communities where known weather disasters occurred (i.e., flood, tornado, and/or lightning-strike). Subjects estimated the likelihood of dying from 24 lethal events including weather events, accidents, diseases, and acts of human agency. Results showed that personal experience with weather disasters was predictive of elevated subjective risks for death from future respective events. Group differences were not found to be attributable to differences in general perceived riskiness, gender, tendencies toward thrill seeking or attention to the news media. Analyses of a subgroup of lightning subjects suggest that such effects can last as long as 7 years.
Factors Affecting Swimming Performance of Fasted Rainbow Trout with Implications of Exhaustive Exercise on Overwinter Mortality

ABSTRACT We evaluated the effects of body size, water temperature, and sustained swimming activity on swimming performance and the effects of exhaustive exercise on mortality of fasted juvenile rainbow trout. Fasting caused swimming performance to decline more rapidly for small fish than large fish, and warmer water temperatures and sustained swimming activity further decreased swimming performance. Exhaustive exercise increased mortality among fasted fish. Our observations suggest that juvenile rainbow trout with little or no food intake during winter can swim for long periods of time with little effect on mortality, but swimming to exhaustion can enhance mortality, especially among the smallest juveniles.
Composition Control in the Growth of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 by the Reaction of Cu-In-Ga PRECURSORS in H2Se and H2S

The two-reaction selenization/sulfization of metallic Cu-ln-Ga precursors is a commercially viable process for the manufacture of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 films. In this work, the reaction pathways in single-reaction selenization and sulfization processes are studied, as well as composition profile development in two-reaction processes. Sputter-deposited precursor films were annealed at 450degC to characterize the starting intermetallic composition, or reacted in either H2Se or H2S at 450degC to observe changes in phase composition as the reaction progressed. The key observation was the formation of an initial Cu9(In0.64Ga0.36 )4 intermetallic that is depleted incongruently to form Cu9Ga4 during selenization, and Cu16In 9 during sulfization. In studying the two-reaction selenization/sulfization process, a 2times2 matrix of reaction times was examined. Samples were selenized for either 15 or 30 minutes at 450degC, followed by sulfization at 550degC for either 15 or 30 minutes. Samples selenized for 15 minutes exhibited uniform Ga through the depth of the film, while those selenized for 30 minutes exhibited the commonly observed back-contact Ga accumulation
Stabilization of VEGFR2 Signaling by Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 3 Is Critical for Vascular Development

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are human vascular malformations caused by mutations in three genes of unknown function: CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3. CCM3, also known as PDCD10 (programmed cell death 10), was initially identified as a messenger RNA whose abundance was induced by apoptotic stimuli in vitro. However, the in vivo function of CCM3 has not been determined. Here, we describe mice with a deletion of the CCM3 gene either ubiquitously or specifically in the vascular endothelium, smooth muscle cells, or neurons. Mice with global or endothelial cell-specific deletion of CCM3 exhibited defects in embryonic angiogenesis and died at an early embryonic stage. CCM3 deletion reduced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling in embryos and endothelial cells. In response to VEGF stimulation, CCM3 was recruited to and stabilized VEGFR2, and the carboxyl-terminal domain of CCM3 was required for the stabilization of VEGFR2. Indeed, the CCM3 mutants found in human patients lacking the carboxyl-terminal domain were labile and were unable to stabilize and activate VEGFR2. These results demonstrate that CCM3 promotes VEGFR2 signaling during vascular development.
Taking the Guesswork Out of Collection Development: Using Syllabi for a User-Centered Collection Development Method

Over the course of a year, 98 syllabi were collected from history, English, philosophy, religion, and foreign literatures and languages departments at a large university in the Southeast. The syllabi were analyzed for potential additions to the print collection. In addition to the syllabus study, a survey was conducted of all faculty in those departments to establish their views toward syllabi and the library's place in providing access to items on syllabi.
Knowledge representation in machine tool supervision systems

A deeply coupled numeric-symbolic machine tool supervision system for tool breakage detection is developed. The supervision system hierarchically integrates real-time signal-processing algorithms in a knowledge-based processing environment where rules and objects coexist. A numeric-symbolic model that incorporates physical models and empirical knowledge is developed. An application to tool damage detection in milling is described, with emphasis on the integration of symbolic and numeric processing. The decision strategy for this problem is described, and a validation study is presented. >
Spectrophotometric Determination of Titanium in Super Alloys with Diantipyrylmethane and Tiron

Diantipyrylmethane and tiron spectrophotometric determinations of Ti in the super alloys, Inconel 718 and Inconel 600, have been studied thoroughly. Both reagents formed stable yellow complexes with Ti(IV) in acidic medium. The possible interference from Ni, Fe and Cr was examined. Interference from Fe(III) was eliminated by the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). Cr was removed as chromyl chloride which led to a dramatic improvement in the analytical results for Ti by the tiron photometric method. However, the removal of Cr was not necessary when the diantipyrylmethane method was employed. Consequently, lengthy manipulation of super alloys was required for the tiron determination. These two spectrophotometric methods are compared in terms of simplicity, reproducibility and accuracy.
Rapid Android Parser for Investigating DEX files (RAPID)

Android malware is a well-known challenging problem and many researchers/vendors/practitioners have tried to address this issue through application analysis techniques. In order to analyze Android applications, tools decompress APK files and extract relevant data from the Dalvik EXecutable (DEX) files. To acquire the data, investigators either use decompiled intermediate code generated by existing tools, e.g., Baksmali or Dex2jar or write their own parsers/dissemblers. Thus, they either need additional time because of decompiling the application into an intermediate representation and then parsing text files, or they reinvent the wheel by implementing their own parsers. In this article, we present Rapid Android Parser for Investigating DEX files (RAPID) which is an open source and easy-to-use JAVA library for parsing DEX files. RAPID comes with well-documented APIs which allow users to query data directly from the DEX binary files. Our experiments reveal that RAPID outperforms existing approaches in terms of runtime efficiency, provides better reliability (does not crash) and can support dynamic analysis by finding critical offsets. Notably, the processing time for our sample set of 22.35źGB was only 1.5źh with RAPID while the traditional approaches needed about 23źh (parsing and querying).
Exploring Learning Analytics for Computing Education (Abstract Only)

Computing educators have become increasingly interested in learning analytics, which involves collecting and analyzing data on students' learning processes and outcomes for the purpose of improving learning and instructional practices. A variety of computer programming environments enable the automated collection of log data on students' programming processes. In addition, log data on students' online social behavior can be easily collected. All of these data can be analyzed alongside data on students' learning outcomes in order to identify correlations between learning processes and outcomes, and ultimately to better tailor instruction to students' needs. This BOF will provide a platform for discussing the emerging field of learning analytics within the context of computing education. The following questions will serve as a starting point for our discussions: (1) What types of data should we be collecting on computing students' (2) How can we best analyze these data in order to gain meaningful insights into students' learning processes? (3) How can we design effective instructional interventions based on the data we collect and analyze?
Control of the Graphene–Protein Interface Is Required To Preserve Adsorbed Protein Function

Graphene's suite of useful properties makes it of interest for use in biosensors. However, graphene interacts strongly with hydrophobic components of biomolecules, potentially altering their conformation and disrupting their biological activity. We have immobilized the protein Concanavalin A onto a self-assembled monolayer of multivalent tripodal molecules on single-layer graphene. We used a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to show that tripod-bound Concanavalin A retains its affinity for polysaccharides containing α-D-glucopyrannosyl groups as well as for the α-D-mannopyranosyl groups located on the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis. QCM measurements on unfunctionalized graphene indicate that adsorption of Concanavalin A onto graphene is accompanied by near-complete loss of these functions, suggesting that interactions with the graphene surface induce deleterious structural changes to the protein. Given that Concanavalin A's tertiary structure is thought to be relatively robust, these results suggest that other proteins might also be denatured upon adsorption onto graphene, such that the graphene-biomolecule interface must be considered carefully. Multivalent tripodal binding groups address this challenge by anchoring proteins without loss of function and without disrupting graphene's desirable electronic structure.
Career and Retirement Theories Relevance for Older Workers Across Cultures

This paper reviews selected career development theories as well as theories specifically focused on retirement, with an emphasis on their application to retirement decisions and vocational behavior in multicultural populations. Theories are evaluated based on whether: (a) retirement was considered a stage of working life, (b) work satisfaction, motivation, and other work variables at retirement age were addressed, (c) work choices at retirement age were included, and (d) cultural and other minority status issues were either directly considered in the work/retirement decision or if the model could be reasonably applied to retirement across cultures. We provide specific recommendations for research and practice with the aim of helping practitioners and scholars conceptualize the current concerns older adults face in their working lives and during retirement planning.
Measure Twice and Cut Once: A Review of Clark and Creswell’s Mixed Methods Reader

The Mixed Methods Reader is an edited book that presents the reader with a synthesized introduction to the philosophy, history, methodology and practice of mixed methods research. The first section presents the reader with a series of 14 foundational articles, with a second section presenting nine carefully chosen exemplar articles demonstrating best practices in the field. The editors did a remarkable job in combining theory and application with the inclusion of a framework throughout the text which includes discussion questions, visual diagrams and introductory comments for each article. This creates a synthesis and ease of use that guarantees this text to be a classic for years to come. Key Words: Mixed Methods, Qualitative, and Quantitative. As a classically trained quantitative researcher, more and more often I find myself somewhat dissatisfied with the rather simplistic answers my data analysis gives me. After all, one could argue that the analysis of numeric values is nothing more than the answer to “if” something occurred; nothing is really known about “why” it occurred. Because of that, like many researchers of my ilk, I find myself turning to qualitative data collection and analysis, in particular a mixed methods approach where I collect both types of data, to better answer my questions. In a manner of speaking, it reminds me of my friend Bob, a contractor who always insists that one should measure their lumber twice before they cut it; that way they are less likely to make an error. In our case, we also want to measure twice – qualitatively and quantitatively. Our aim, like Bob’s, is to improve our precision. When I first became interested in the field, I found the number of books on the topic somewhat overwhelming but, fortunately, a name I recognized from my “number crunching days” kept appearing repeatedly. Thinking back to the quality of John Creswell’s excellent quantitative and qualitative research work (e.g., 1994, 2004), I chose his recent book, The Mixed Methods Reader, co-edited with Vicki Plano-Clark, to begin my education in the field. I could not have made a better choice in my effort to both understand the philosophy, history, methodology and application of mixed methods research. From the outset, let me say that this is not an entry level research book. It is an edited book that contains material written by leading experts in the field and is designed for readers who have a firm foundation in both quantitative and qualitative research methodology. The book itself is divided into two parts; a series of methodological selections describing the philosophy, history and basic principles of mixed methods research, followed by a set of nine exemplar studies demonstrating the different approaches in various settings.
Creating a vital burn out-proof practice.

If you’re feeling disillusioned and burned-out in your current mode of practice, why not start over? Here’s how to build a strong foundation.
Thyroid Function Tests Use and Interpretation

Tests of thyroid function may present a challenge in their use and interpretation, but careful consideration of the patient's clinical state, the role of nonthyroidal disease, or medication on the patient's thyroid function tests can make this task easier
The Demand for Post-Katrina Disaster Aid: SBA Disaster Loans and Small Businesses in Mississippi

Following Hurricane Katrina, the United States government provided billions of dollars in loans to repair the damage caused by the hurricane. However, the specifics surrounding demand for these loans and the process of application and approval for Small Business Administration (SBA) loans have yet to be fully examined. We analyse the demand of small businesses for such loans and delve into the factors which are associated with success in obtaining loan funds following disaster. Results indicate several factors are important in all of the stages of the loan process: the income of the business, whether the business had insurance or received money in an insurance claim and the gender of the business owner.
Airship Wonder Captured by Nazi Ideology, 1935–40

Between 1935 and 1939 der Zeppelin was rapidly transformed as an image away from Eckener’s vision of German airships as heralds of technological triumph over the ignominy of Versailles and for international reconciliation and commerce. It now rapidly became an aggressive advertisement for Nazi racist superiority. At home and abroad the zeppelin was commandeered to perform at ideological ceremonies like the Nuremberg Parteitag and their echoes among Germans in Brazil. Crews from the Graf Zeppelin marched in May Day celebrations at Rio, staged by party cadres of Germans Abroad (Auslandsdeutsche), with groups of Brazilian officialdom in attendance. Not so in the United States. Here Berlin alleged that the notorious German-American Bund was only an organization of American citizens, though secretly it got directives and funding from Nazi sources. The zeppelin was still using American Naval terminal facilities and was thus strictly closed to civilian Bund activities. But the Hindenburg in 1936–7 regularly flew over areas with large Bund membership, demonstrably cheered in Bund media and local celebrations. Within the Reich, and for broader Germanic consumption, occurred a growing surge of articles and books on the zeppelin’s place in German tradition and society. One author could speculate that zeppelins must have been effective in the war: how otherwise to explain the vengeful prohibitions of Versailles and the subsequent restrictions on export of American helium? New works appeared praising the zeppelin heroes over England. The Old Count’s first pre-war captain celebrated the ‘Men of Manzell’ who had made airship construction and flight possible, from triumph to humiliation and defeat – and now [1936] reborn with Nazi vigour, an almost mystical reminiscence through suffering to redemption. German tourism burgeoned with Nazi ‘Strength through Joy’ mass travel, honouring trips to Friedrichshafen and Frankfurt city and airport (with new international zeppelin flight facilities). Frankfurt itself was advertised as ‘again a German city’, freed of its former Catholic and Jewish perversion, illustrated in 1938 with a full-page picture of ‘the recentlycompleted last great passenger airship, the LZ130 Graf Zeppelin II, sister ship to the Hindenburg, swastikas blazing on her fins’.
Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alkanes with H2O2 under a Fenton-like Regime

Copper complexes bearing readily available ligand systems catalyzed the oxidation of alkanes with H2O2 as the oxidant with high efficiency in remarkable yields (50–60 %). The reactions proceeded with unprecedented selectivity to give alkyl hydroperoxides as the major products. Detailed scrutiny of the reaction mechanism suggests the involvement of C-centered and O-centered radicals generated in a Fenton-like fashion.
Ultrathin active cloak with balanced loss and gain

In this paper, we present the design and realistic implementation of an ultrathin active radio-frequency cloak, capable of significantly suppressing the scattering from electrically large objects beyond the limitations of passive cloaking techniques. The object is coated with a metasurface loaded by a discrete number of lumped circuit elements, which follow a rigorously derived distribution of balanced gain and loss, able to minimize the scattering cross-section of the system. The loss portion is tailored using passive components to absorb the incident wave and avoid back reflections, while the gain portion utilizes active circuitry to automatically generate a synchronized version of the impinging signal on the other side of the cloak, in order to suppress shadow and forward scattering. We derive the required metasurface parameters, including the frequency dispersion of its elements, in order to achieve a given reduction of the total radar cross section of PEC circular cylinders, with special attention to ensure stability of the active system. A design example is provided for a cylinder with a diameter of one wavelength at 1 GHz.
Critical Point Atmospheric tales

Some historical questions are more difficult to resolve than others. But why, asks Robert Crease, is the discovery of Venus's atmosphere still controversial?
Euploid Chromosome Aberrations, Uniparental Disomy, and Genomic Imprinting

In some individuals, both copies of a particular chromosome come from one parent and none from the other, this is called uniparental disomy (UPD) (Engel, 1980). It is not yet clear how common each type of uniparental disomy is, but many deviations from Mendelian inheritance could be explained by it, as described below. Most UPD has a meiotic origin that leads to a trisomie zygote, with loss of one copy of the chromosome in a subsequent mitosis. One-third of the time, the single copy from one parent will be lost, producing UPD. Trisomy of meiotic origin is usually the result of maternal meiosis I nondisjunction, so most UPD of meiotic origin is maternal UPD (Robinson et al., 1997). Paternal UPD is more likely to have a postzygotic origin from a normal zygote by mitotic nondisjunction. A much smaller proportion of maternal UPD arises in this way. Trisomie cells produced by mitotic nondisjunction have two identical copies of the chromosome from one parent. In trisomies due to meiotic nondisjunction, restoration of disomy by loss of a chromosome will produce uniparental isodisomy one-third of the time. The two identical chromosomes are, naturally, homozygous at all their gene loci, including any that are mutated. UPD of a maternally derived chromosome has been observed for chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13–16, 21, 22, and X. Paternal UPD has been observed for chromosomes 1, 5–8, 11,13–16, 20–22, X, and XY (Engel, 1998). For years, the most commonly observed UPDs were those of chromosomes 7, 11, 14, and 15, perhaps because these are associated with characteristic phenotypes that bring them to medical attention and cytogenetic study.
Sick building syndrome and related workplace disorders.

It has been estimated that as many as 1.2 million commercial buildings have characteristics of sick building syndrome. That is, persons who work in these buildings describe a cluster of symptoms—ir...
Stopping sight distance and available sight distance new model and reliability analysis comparison

Stopping sight distance (SSD) is an important design criterion used in the geometry of highways and streets. Design guidance implies that SSD is used to ensure safety along the roadway. This paper reviews SSD design criteria and develops an updated model to improve consistency between available sight distance and SSD criteria found in geometric design policy. A new variable, the distance from the front of the car to the driver’s eye (Lfront-eye), is used in the updated model. Distributional values for Lfront-eye are determined. A method accounting for lighted (daytime and lighted nighttime) versus unlighted nighttime conditions is also discussed. A probabilistic analysis of vertical curve SSD uses Monte Carlo simulation. The results of this analysis are compared with the SSD model found in current geometric design policy. Possible values for Lfront-eye that can be used in design guidance are proposed. Potential issues that should be investigated in future work are discussed.