cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron multiplier response under positive ion impact: II. Secondary electron pulse height distributions☆

Abstract Secondary electron pulse height distributions induced by positive noble gas, mono- and diatomic nitrogen and some hydrocarbon ions impinging on a copper-beryllium twenty stage electron multiplier have been determined under standard mass spectrometer operating conditions. Poisson distribution emission functions are observed in all cases for ion impact energies up to 7 keV. Various broadening effects are estimated by measuring the distribution induced at the multiplier by Hg-2652 A radiation; a deconvolution procedure results in Gaussian distributions, describing electron release at the first dynode. In order to compare the distribution maxima for the various ions studied, it was found necessary to extrapolate the peak maxima to zero count rate. Generally peak maxima are then found to be linear functions of ion kinetic energy in the range 2.8 to 6.8 keV. For the various ions examined, polyatomic ions have higher rates of change of peak maxima per unit ion energy than mono- and diatomic ions. This result parallels the discriminatory behavior found for the integrated electron emission induced under the same operating conditions. Isobaric krypton and cyclohexane ions, for example, can be easily differentiated in plots of peak maxima versus ion energy. Reasons for these differences are discussed and it is tentatively proposed, in the energy range examined, that polyatomic ions neither extensively decompose nor penetrate the metal lattice on impact. Surface rather than bulk and surface effects, as expected for atomic ions, could account for the indicated difference in electron production characteristics.
Local rings of singularities and $N=2$ supersymmetric quantum mechanics

We investigate the Kahler structure arising inn-component,N=2 supersymmetric quantum mechanics. We defineL2-cohomology groups of a modified\(\bar \partial \) and relate them to the corresponding spaces of harmonic forms. We prove that the cohomology is concentrated in the middle dimension, and is isomorphic to the direct sum of the local rings of the singularities of the superpotential. In the physics language, this means that the number of ground states is equal to the absolute value of the index of the supercharge, and each ground state contains exactlyn fermions.
Spatial smoothing and blind source separation

The paper focuses on the role of spatial smoothing in blind source separation (BSS). Source separation has applications that range from radar signal processing to high data rate communications, and to audio engineering. There have been numerous algorithms proposed for source separation in the literature. BSS and principal component analysis (PCA) have also been of particular interest to radar researchers and to audio experts. BSS and PCA are array processing techniques that attempt to decompose an incoming mixture of signals into basic components. A blind approach to signal separation implies little knowledge about the array manifold and other parameters of noise level, angles of arrival, and spectral shape. There are scenarios where it is desired to separate correlated sources using array processing. In situations where little is known about the array manifold, a blind separation approach is the only option. The paper exploits spatial smoothing, a well known technique in parametric array processing applied to BSS of correlated sources, particularly in a convolutive channel.
Disrupted prefrontal activity during emotion processing in complicated grief: An fMRI investigation

Complicated Grief, marked by a persistent and intrusive grief lasting beyond the expected period of adaptation, is associated with a relative inability to disengage from idiographic loss-relevant stimuli (O'Connor and Arizmendi, 2014). In other populations, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating the neural networks associated with this bias consistently implicate the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during emotion regulation. In the present study, twenty-eight older adults were categorized into three groups based on grief severity: Complicated Grief (n=8), Non-Complicated Grief (n=9), and Nonbereaved, married controls (n=11). Using a block design, all participants completed 8 blocks (20 stimuli per block) of the ecStroop task during fMRI data acquisition. Differences in neural activity during grief-related (as opposed to neutral) stimuli across groups were examined. Those with Complicated Grief showed an absence of increased rostral ACC (rACC) and fronto-cortical recruitment relative to Nonbereaved controls. Activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (x=6, y=54, z=-10) was significantly elevated in the Non-Complicated Grief group when compared to Nonbereaved controls. Post hoc analysis evidenced activity in the dorsal ACC in the Complicated Grief and Nonbereaved groups late in the task. These findings, supported by behavioral data, suggest a relative inability to recruit the regions necessary for successful completion of this emotional task in those with Complicated Grief. This deficit was not observed in recruitment of the orbitofrontal cortex and the rACC during processing of idiographic semantic stimuli in Non-Complicated Grief.
Cognitive behavioral treatment of trichotillomania in youth: What went right and what went wrong?

This is the third presentation of case material for the Cognitive and Behavioral Practice Case Conference series. Ralph M. Turner, Editor of Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, first introduced the Case Conference in volume 5 (issue 2). The format for this presentation varies somewhat. Instead of a focus on one patient, we have chosen to focus on one particular problem and present two very different cases for review. Further, this presentation introduces child and adolescent cases into the series. The response papers will include a critique of our assessment and treatment plans. Most importantly, the respondents will provide their own conceptualization of the issues impacting treatment and offer suggestions for further work in this area with similar cases. The case presentations involve two youths suffering with trichotillomania. One child is a 7-year-old male, the other a 15-year-old female. We begin with an overview of the problem and the behavioral treatment approach, followed by the case presentations.
Utilization of the Stiles-Crawford effect in the investigation of the origin of electrical responses of the human eye

Abstract The presence or absence of a Stiles-Crawford effect serves as an indicator of whether or not electrical activity originating in the retina has been initiated by cones. The retinal illuminance required to produce a criterion height of electrical response is determined when light enters at different points along the horizontal diameter of the pupil. Both low (4 c/s) and high (25 c/s) rates of on-off flicker are used, in addition to a moving barred stimulus pattern. Lights from three different parts of the spectrum (660 nm, 550 nm, and 495 nm) are utilized. The Stiles-Crawford effect appears in both the electrical and the psychophysical data under conditions that are designed to produce photopic stimulation of the eye.
A place for genetic uncertainty: Parents valuing an unknown in the meaning of disease

Klinefelter, Turner, and fragile X syndromes are conditions defined by a genetic or chromosomal variant. The timing of diagnosis, tests employed, specialists involved, symptoms evident, and prognoses available vary considerably within and across these syndromes, but all three share in common a diagnosis verified through a molecular or cytogenetic test. The genetic or chromosomal variant identified designates a syndrome, even when symptoms associated with the particular syndrome are absent. This article analyzes interviews conducted with parents and grandparents of children with these syndromes from across the USA to explore how they interpret a confirmed genetic diagnosis that is associated with a range of possible symptoms that may never be exhibited. Parents' responses indicate that they see the genetic aspects of the syndrome as stable, permanent, and authoritative. But they allow, and even embrace, uncertainty about the condition by focusing on variation between diagnosed siblings, the individuality of their diagnosed child, his or her accomplishments, and other positive aspects that go beyond the genetic diagnosis. Some families counter the genetic diagnosis by arguing that in the absence of symptoms, the syndrome does not exist. They use their own expertise to question the perceived certainty of the genetic diagnosis and to employ the diagnosis strategically. These multiple and often conflicting evaluations of the diagnostic label reveal the rich ways families make meaning of the authority attributed to genetic diagnosis.
Rearing and life history studies onBiosteres (Opius) longicaudatus [Hym.: Braconidae]

Efficient methods were developed for rearingBiosteres (Opius) longicaudatusAshmead, using the Caribbean fruit fly,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), as the host. Evaluations were made of the influence upon parasite survival and reproduction of the host's diet and of CO2 and N2 anaesthesia, chilling, and aspiration as adult collection methods. Data were obtained on aspects of the life history ofB. longicaudatus.
High-performance linear arrays of YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting infrared microbolometers on silicon

Single detectors and linear arrays of microbolometers utilizing the superconducting transition edge of YBa2Cu3O7 have been fabricated by micromachining on silicon wafers. A D* of 8 +/- 2 X 109 cm Hz1/2/watt has been measured on a single detector. This is the highest D* reported on any superconducting microbolometer operating at temperatures higher than about 70 K. The NEP of this device was 1.5 X 10-12 watts/HzHLF at 2 Hz, at a temperature of 80.7 K. The thermal time constant was 105 msec, and the detector area was 140 micrometers X 105 micrometers . The use of batch silicon processing makes fabrication of linear arrays of these detectors relatively straightforward. The measured responsivity of detectors in one such array varied by less than 20% over the 6 mm length of the 64-element linear array. This measurement shows that good uniformity can be achieved at a single operating temperature in a superconductor microbolometer array, even when the superconducting resistive transition is a sharp function of temperature. The thermal detection mechanism of these devices gives them broadband response. This makes them especially useful at long wavelengths (e.g. (lambda) > 20 micrometers ), where they provide very high sensitivity at relatively high operating temperatures.
Residue objects: a challenge to web browser security

A complex software system typically has a large number of objects in the memory, holding references to each other to implement an object model. Deciding when the objects should be alive/active is non-trivial, but the decisions can be security-critical. This is especially true for web browsers: if certain browser objects do not disappear when the new page is switched in, basic security properties can be compromised, such as visual integrity, document integrity and memory safety. We refer to these browser objects as residue objects. Serious security vulnerabilities due to residue objects have been sporadically discovered in leading browser products in the past, such as IE, Firefox and Safari. However, this class of vulnerabilities has not been studied in the research literature. Our work is motivated by two questions: (1) what are the challenges imposed by residue objects on the browser's logic correctness; (2) how prevalent can these vulnerabilities be in today's commodity browsers. As an example, we analyze the mechanisms for guarding residue objects in Internet Explorer (IE), and use an enumerative approach to expose and understand new vulnerabilities. Although only the native HTML engine is studied so far, we have already discovered five new vulnerabilities and reported them to IE developers (one of the vulnerabilities has been patched in a Microsoft security update). These vulnerabilities demonstrate a diversity of logic errors in the browser code. Moreover, our study empirically suggests that the actual prevalence of this type of vulnerabilities can be higher than what is perceived today. We also discuss how the browser industry should respond to this class of security problems.
Influence of intrinsic nucleon motion on energy spectra and angular distributions for 16O-induced reactions at 20 MeV/A

Abstract Energy spectra and angular distributions for peripheral reactions induced by 16 O on 208 Pb at 20 MeV/ A can be explained in terms of the intrinsic nucleon motion of the excited projectile, in a manner similar to the interpretation of projectile fragmentation reactions at 2.1 GeV/ A .
Multisensory perception as an associative learning process

Suppose that you are at a live jazz show. The drummer begins a solo. You see the cymbal jolt and you hear the clang. But in addition seeing the cymbal jolt and hearing the clang, you are also aware that the jolt and the clang are part of the same event. Casey O’Callaghan (forthcoming) calls this awareness “intermodal feature binding awareness.” Psychologists have long assumed that multimodal perceptions such as this one are the result of a subpersonal feature binding mechanism (see Vatakis and Spence, 2007, Kubovy and Schutz, 2010, Pourtois et al., 2000, and Navarra et al., 2012). I present new evidence against this. I argue that there is no automatic feature binding mechanism that couples features like the jolt and the clang together. Instead, when you experience the jolt and the clang as part of the same event, this is the result of an associative learning process. The cymbal’s jolt and the clang are best understood as a single learned perceptual unit, rather than as automatically bound. I outline the specific learning process in perception called “unitization,” whereby we come to “chunk” the world into multimodal units. Unitization has never before been applied to multimodal cases. Yet I argue that this learning process can do the same work that intermodal binding would do, and that this issue has important philosophical implications. Specifically, whether we take multimodal cases to involve a binding mechanism or an associative process will have impact on philosophical issues from Molyneux’s question to the question of how active or passive we consider perception to be.
An in vivo replica method for the site-specific detection ofCandida albicans on the denture surface in denture stomatitis patients: Correlation with clinical disease

Abstract A site-specific agar replica technique for detecting Candida albicans on the acrylic resin denture surface of denture stomatitis patients has been developed. The method is selective for C. albicans during a finite incubation period with a specific synthetic growth medium. C. albicans colonies can be geographically observed on the replica and their presence can be correlated with inflammatory lesions visible on the mucosa of the maxillary and mandibular residual ridges. In 12 denture stomatitis patients studied, a close clinical correlation of Newton type III patients was noted but this clinical correlation could not be observed in Newton type I and II patients. In general, the number of C. albicans colonies increased with the severity of the inflammation. The findings are discussed in light of lack of knowledge of the etiology of the stomatitis. The importance of the replica method is also discussed.
Upper and lower bounds on the control field and the quality of achieved optimally controlled quantum molecular motion

A large class of problems in optimally controlled quantum or classical molecular dynamics has multiple solutions for the control field amplitude. A denumerably infinite number of solutions may exist depending on the structure of the design cost functional. This fact has been recently proved with the aid of perturbation theory by considering the electric field as the perturbating agent. In carrying out this analysis, an eigenvalue (i.e., a spectral parameter) appears which gives the degree of deviation of the control objective from its desired value. In this work, we develop a scheme to construct upper and lower bounds for the field amplitude and spectral parameter for each member of the denumerably infinite set of control solutions. The bounds can be tightened if desired. The analysis here is primarily restricted to the weak field regime, although the bounds for the strong field nonlinear case are also presented.
Theory of Nonlinear Infrared Absorption in p -Type Germanium

We present a theory of the saturation of inter-valence-band absorption in $p$-type Ge by high-intensity light with a wavelength near 10 \ensuremath{\mu}m. The absorption coefficient decreases with intensity in a manner closely approximated by an inhomogeneously broadened two-level model. The saturation intensity is calculated as a function of excitation wavelength and temperature and found to be in good agreement with measured values.
Feasibility of using a knowledge-based system concept for in-flight primary flight display research

A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using knowledge-based systems architectures for inflight research of primary flight display information management issues. The feasibility relied on the ability to integrate knowledge-based systems with existing onboard aircraft systems. And, given the hardware and software platforms available, the feasibility also depended on the ability to use interpreted LISP software with the real time operation of the primary flight display. In addition to evaluating these feasibility issues, the study determined whether the software engineering advantages of knowledge-based systems found for this application in the earlier workstation study extended to the inflight research environment. To study these issues, two integrated knowledge-based systems were designed to control the primary flight display according to pre-existing specifications of an ongoing primary flight display information management research effort. These two systems were implemented to assess the feasibility and software engineering issues listed. Flight test results were successful in showing the feasibility of using knowledge-based systems inflight with actual aircraft data.
Derivation of a two-term infiltration equation from the Green-Ampt model.

Abstract For a uniform and infinitely deep soil at constant initial volumetric soil water content θn, the soil surface is subjected instantaneously to a ponded-water head that increases with the square root of time t1/2 after the initial ponding of water. An integration procedure is used in a rigorous derivation of the one-dimensional Green–Ampt flux equation. The resulting ordinary differential equation is solved exactly to yield the two-term infiltration equation wherein the coefficient of t is the sated hydraulic conductivity, but the ponded-head t1/2 function must be the same as the one found earlier by a different but exact mathematical derivation. The present findings reveal and describe this previously unknown kinship between the Green–Ampt infiltration model and the two-term infiltration equation, and underscore in still another way the serious limitations of the two-term equation.
A pseudogene homologous to mouse transplantation antigens: Transplantation antigens are encoded by eight exons that correlate with protein domains

Abstract We have isolated about 30 to 40 different BALB/c mouse sperm DNA genomic clones that hybridize to cDNA clones encoding proteins homologous to transplantation antigens. One of these clones (27.1) was selected for sequence analysis because it was polymorphic in Southern blot analyses of the DNAs from BALB/c and CBA mice. A fragment of 5.7 kilobases of this clone was completely sequenced and found to contain a pseudogene whose sequence is highly homologous to the sequences of known transplantation antigens. Pseudogene 27.1 is split into eight exons that correlate with the structurally defined protein domains of transplantation antigens. Using Southern blot hybridization on the DNAs of different inbred mouse strains, we mapped the pseudogene to the Qa-2,3 region, a part of the Tla complex on chromosome 17 that is adjacent to the major histocompatibility complex. The Qa-2,3 region encodes lymphoid differentiation antigens homologous to the transplantation antigens in size, in peptide map profiles and in their association with β2-microglobulin. These mapping studies suggest that gene 27.1 may be a pseudogene for either a Qa antigen or an as yet undefined transplantation antigen. Accordingly, we may have isolated genes encoding lymphoid differentiation antigens of the Tla complex as well as those encoding transplantation antigens among the 30 to 40 different genomic clones isolated from our sperm library.
Fish cell lines: Two new cell lines derived from explants of trunk musculature ofCynoscion arenarius

Two cell lines were established from explants of trunk musculature of healthy, males sand seatrout,Cynoscion arenarius. One of the lines, designated CyA-1, has been carried through 150 subcultures during 6 yr. The other, designated CyA-2, has been carried through 100 subcultures during 2 yr. Both lines grow well in L15 medium adjusted to 0.150M NaCl and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Optimal growth occurs at temperatures between 24 and 30°C. The species of origin of both lines was confirmed by a cytotoxic antibody dye exclusion test. The karyotype of CyA-1 has not yet stabilized, showing a modal chromosome number of 120 at Passage 9, 89 at Passage 63, and 79 at Passage 100. The karyotype of CyA-2 is rather stable, with a modal chromosome number of 47 at Passage 1 and 49 at Passage 100. Chromosome morphology of CyA-2 is homogeneous (small, acrocentric), whereas the chromosomes of CyA-1 show considerable size variation (with small chromosomes possibly formed from fragmentation of original structures). Both lines were found to be free of bacterial or fungal contamination. Both lines supported replication of lymphocystis virus strains isolated fromBairdiella chrysura (the silver perch) and fromMicropogon undulatus (the Atlantic croaker) but were refractory to 11 other viruses (4 from fish, 1 from amphibians, and 6 from mammals).
Delayed Presentation of Nitroprusside-Induced Cyanide Toxicity

Cyanide toxicity is a rare complication of sodium nitroprusside that can be difficult to diagnose in critically ill patients. We describe a case of cyanide toxicity after cardiac surgery that presented as lactic acidosis after discontinuation of nitroprusside.
An Education Freedom Index: Why, Key Determinants, Component Weights, and Trade-offs

Freedom of any kind has intrinsic value, and education freedom is controversial, in need of empirical assessment of possible and likely trade-offs between freedom from state control and social goals such as equity and cohesion. Without a reasonable empirical measure of education freedom we can only cite the controversies and choose sides. The growing interest in likely effects of new school system governance structures, especially those that promise increased competition in school systems, would benefit from an objective, quantitative assessment of education freedom, a key element of competitiveness. The key institutional factors that this article measures and combines into an education freedom index are entry barriers, price control, opportunity to specialize (product differentiation), uncertainty about the future scope of the market, and availability of information. Quantification facilitates discussion of the key factors' relative importance, the main components of each, and potential factor interdepen...
SYMPOSIUM On West and Fenstermaker's “Doing Difference”

How wonderful it would be to possess theinsight to see beyond the messy, contemporary politics of race, class, and gender in order to propose “a new way of thinking about the workings of these relations” (West and Fenstermaker 1995, 9). The area of race, class, gender studies struggles with the complex question of how to think about intersections of systems of oppression of race, class, and gender. We clearly need new models that will assist us in seeing how structures of power organized around intersecting relations of race, class, and gender frame the social positions occupied by individuals; work explaining how interlocking systems of oppression produce social locations for us all, where Black men are routinely stopped by the police for no apparent reason, or African American women like Patricia Williams are denied entry to stores where they could spend their hard-earned law professor salaries.
The velocity and vorticity fields beneath gravity-capillary waves exhibiting parasitic ripples

Abstract An experimental investigation of near-surface flow beneath gravity-capillary waves (4.21–6.70 Hz) is presented. In this frequency regime, there exist visible parasitic capillary ripples, especially along the forward face of the underlying waves, if the steepness exceeds some moderate value. Relatively strong vortices are generated by these progressive waves, and for the first time their velocity fields are measured, their vorticity fields are calculated, and the results reported. A relevant theoretical model, first introduced by Longuet-Higgins, is also discussed and wherever possible compared to the experiments. Numerical simulations by Mui and Dommermuth are examined as they relate to these experiments, and it is shown that qualitative agreement exists between the experiments and the analytic-numerical predictions.
Classroom management: A model for the identification, development, and assessment of competencies

(1977). Classroom management: A model for the identification, development, and assessment of competencies. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 196-200.
Effect of interbaffle spacing on heat transfer and pressure drop in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger

Abstract Experiments have been performed to determine the response of the heat (mass) transfer and pressure drop on the shell side of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger to changes in the interbaffle spacing. Per-tube, per-row and per-compartment heat (mass) transfer coefficients were obtained by means of the naphthalene sublimation technique, all for the fully developed regime. Pressure distribution measurements were made throughout the heat exchanger, and the pattern of fluid flow was visualized with the aid of the oil-lampblack technique. The greatest sensitivity of the per-tube heat transfer coefficient to the interbaffle spacing occurred at the tubes situated in the inflow window of a compartment, where higher coefficients (by about 15%) were encountered for larger interbaffle spacings. In the crossflow zone, the per-tube transfer coefficients corresponding to the smaller interbaffle spacing exceeded those for the larger interbaffle spacing by about 5%, and similarly in the baffle-adjacent row in the outflow window of the compartment. The other rows in the outflow window were ambivalent about the effects of interbaffle spacing. Owing to cancellations among the aforementioned per-tube responses, the compartment-average transfer coefficients were virtually unaffected by the spacing. The per-compartment pressure drop decreased as the interbaffle spacing decreased, but for a fixed streamwise length, the pressure drop was slightly larger for smaller spacings. The experimental results were compared with the predictions of the Tinker and Delaware Project design methods.
The vasculopathy of Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma

The scleroderma (SSc) disease process involves dramatic dysfunction in acute and chronic vascular regulatory mechanisms; it presents initially with heightened vasoconstrictor or vasospastic activity and progresses to structural derangement or vasculopathy of the microcirculation. This article discusses the regulatory mechanisms that contribute to this dysfunction and the vascular changes in the context of the other aspects of the SSc disease process in a novel attempt to integrate the individual pathologies of the disease process.
EFFECTS OF PARAQUAT ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MESQUITE MESOPHYLL CELLS

Summary. The effect of paraquat (l,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridylium-24) on the ultra-structure of mesophyll cells of honey mesquite (Prosopis juliftora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell) was studied by means of electron microscopic techniques. The first visible change induced by the herbicide was a rapid disintegration of the plasmalemma, followed by rupturing of the chloroplast membranes and loss of chloroplast turgor. Changes that occurred in plants treated and sampled in the dark were similar to those in plants treated and sampled in the light. The only change of a biochemical nature detected was a marked reduction in the quantity of starch deposits in chloroplasts. No changes were noted in the mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum or nucleus, or in the composition of the cytoplasm or cell walls of treated tissues. Effets du paraquat sur I'ultrastructure des cellules du mesophylle de Prosopis Resume L'action du paraquat (1,1′-dimethyle-4,4′-bipyridylium-2A) sur l'ultrastructure des cellules de mesophylle de Prosopis (P. juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell) a ete eatudiee au moyen des techniques de microscopie electronique. Le premier effet visible provoque par l'herbicide fut une deasintegration rapide de la membrane cytoplasmique suivie de la rupture des membranes des chloroplastes et de la perte de la turgescence des chloroplastes. Les transformations qui apparurent dans les plantes traitees et conservees a l'obscurite, furent analogues a ceux des plantes traitees et exposees a la lumiere. Le seul changement de nature biochimique deacele fut une reduction marquee de la quantite des depots d'amidon dans les chloroplastes. Aucun changement ne fut observe dans les mitochondries, l'appareil de Golgi, le reticulum endoplasmique ou le noyau, pas plus que dans la composition du cytoplasme ou des parois cellulaires des tissus traites. Der Einfluss von Paraquat auf die Feinstruktur von Mesophyllzellen des Honig-Mesquitebaums Zusammenfassung. Mit Hilfe elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchungen wurde der Einfluss von Paraquat (l,l′-Dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridylium-2a) auf die Feinstruktur der Mesophyllzellen von Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell untersucht. Die erste sichtbare, herbizidbedingte Veranderung war eine rasche Zerlegung des Plasmalemma, gefolgt von einem Bruch der Chloroplastenmembran und dem Verlust des Turgors im Chloroplasten. Veranderungen, die bei im Dunkeln gehaltenen Pflanzen auftraten, entsprachen weitgehend den Veranderungen bei Pflanzen, die unter Lichteinfluss behandelt und abgeerntet worden waren. Die einzige Veranderung biochemischer Natur, die man beobachtete, war eine erhebliche Minderung der Starkeeinlagerung in die Chloroplasten. Keine Veranderung fand man in den Mitochondrien, im Golgi-Apparat, im endoplasmatischen Reticulum, im Zellkern sowie in der Zusammensetzung des Zellplasmas und der Zellwand von behandeltem Gewebe.
Metrology of Optical Beam Expander for Space Readiness Coherent Lidar Experiment (SPARCLE)

Stringent requirements of the SPARCLE telescope demanded testing of its individual elements through each step of fabrication, and complete metrology of the integrated telescope both at Helium-Neon and the operational two micron wavelengths.
Activation of group VI phospholipase A2 isoforms in cardiac endothelial cells.

The endothelium comprises a cellular barrier between the circulation and tissues. We have previously shown that activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) and PAR-2 on the surface of human...
Detection of Submaximal Effort and Assessment of Stability of the Coefficient of Variation

Assessment of sincerity of effort is frequently used in clinical practice. However, the reliability and validity of current assessment methods have not been unequivocally demonstrated. This study focused on the detection of submaximal efforts and determination of the stability of the coefficient of variation (CV) in 20 asymptomatic subjects. The coefficient of variation of peak torque (CVpeak) and coefficient of variation of average torque (CVave) were obtained from maximal and submaximal torque curves during fast isokinetic (180 deg/s) leg extension strength tests. Significant differences between effort levels (maximal and submaximal) were found for CVpeak and CVave on both days of testing (p < .001). On Day 1 of testing, using an optimized 10% CVpeak cutoff resulted in a submaximal effort detection rate of 75% with an overall (maximal and submaximal efforts) correct classification rate of 88%. Correlation coefficients indicated relatively moderate stability using the CVpeak calculated using five trials for both maximal (r = .47, p < ,05) and submaximal (r = .78, p < .001) effort conditions. Findings suggest that use of an increased number of repetitions to calculate the CV may result in more stable measures.
Tensors, spinors, and functions on the unit sphere

A representation of tensors and spinors at a point of space-time as spin and conformally weighted functions on the unit sphere is derived. Methods for performing algebraic operations on tensors and spinors in this representation are discussed.
Temperature-related occurrence of protozoa

Populations of protozoa in limestone waters of Kentucky vary with extremes of seasonal temperatures. Of the total 47 species of protozoa identified, 21 % were found only in the 2° to 3°C samples, 59% were found only in the 15° to 17°C samples and 20% were common to both samples.
A Commitment to Serve: In Remembrance of Richard R. Rubin, PhD, CDE (1943–2013) and Harry Keen, MD (1925–2013)

In the 17 years that I have managed the Diabetes Care Editorial Office, my staff and I have assisted thousands of authors, editors, and reviewers. We have become friends with more of them than we could begin to count. Sadly, we recently lost two especially dear friends, Richard R. Rubin, PhD, CDE, and Harry Keen, MD. Richard lost his battle with cancer on March 25; Harry died unexpectedly on April 5 while undergoing treatment for lymphoma. We were honored that these great men not only wrote and reviewed articles for Diabetes Care but also served the journal in editorial roles: Richard as an Associate Editor (2002–2004) and Harry as a member of the Editorial Board (2001–2003). Over the years, as our friendships with them grew, they shared family stories and hobby interests with us. It was not unusual for either to e-mail our office, just to send a photo or a “Hope all is going well.” Our friendship with Richard began during his time as an Associate Editor of Diabetes Care . He remained a frequent reviewer for the journal after his editorial duties ended—and even after his cancer diagnosis. Richard loved his family and photography and would often send us pictures of his photo projects, the grandkids, or himself and his wife, Karan. After learning that my avocation is writing, he never failed to ask how my book was going, or if I had even been able to do any writing lately. He never complained about the downward trend in his health. Instead, he spent his time living life. Richard was one of those people who inspires others to focus on the best in life, not the worst. Our friendship with Harry dates from 12 years ago, when we began recognizing top reviewers for Diabetes Care . During the …
Numerical optimization of the performance of nematic liquid crystal optical phased arrays

In a one-dimensional liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA), a liquid crystal layer is electrically addressed by an array of long, narrow electrodes. A spatially periodic voltage profile can be applied to the electrodes in order to induce a sawtooth-shaped index of refraction variation in the liquid crystal layer that will steer an optical beam in a fashion analogous to that of a blazed diffraction grating. Because of non-ideal device behavior, measured phase vs. voltage data cannot be used to predict the control voltages necessary to achieve efficient steering. This paper presents a simple application of optimization to determine the appropriate voltages for every electrode in order to optimize the steering efficiency. Experimental results show that this approach can quickly determine optimal voltages for a desired far field diffraction pattern. Steering efficiency improvements of over 100 percent are obtained as compared to open loop device calibration.
Embedding extended Mendelsohn triple systems

Abstract In this paper, it is shown that every extended Mendelsohn triple system of order n and index λ can be embedded in an extended Mendelsohn triple system of order v > n and index λ if and only if v ⩾2 n .
Further Considerations in Correlating in Vitro - In Vivo Data Employing Mean-Time Concept Based on Statistical Moments

AbstractDissolution of a dosage form in vivo is often the rate-limiting factor determining the bioavailability and subsequently the therapeutic response. If a good correlation exists between an in vitro dissolution parameter and some bioavailabilty parameter, then monitoring of dissolution profile should permit the prediction of bioavailability.The concept of Mean Residence Time based on statistical moments provides one method for correlating in vitro - in vivo data. The exemplification of this approach involving urinary excretion data is relatively straight forward. For plasma drug concentration-time data, however, this may not be the case realistically. This paper sets forth the mechanics of correlating in vitro data with bioavailability data employing both urinary excretion data as well as plasma data.
Synaptic plasticity and learning and memory: 15 years of progress.

Much has been learned over the past 15 years about the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and their relationships to learning and memory processes. Some of the questions raised 15 years ago have been answered while others still remain elusive. This brief review attempts to evaluate the progress accomplished in this field and discusses four specific issues: (i) the relationships between mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and memory types, (ii) the relationships between stabilization of synaptic modifications and memory consolidation, (iii) the links between gene regulation and regulation of synaptic efficacy, and (iv) the relationships between synaptic dynamics and synaptic plasticity. Although it is relatively easy to identify areas in which progress has been made, it is also clear that many areas remain highly controversial and will keep neuroscientists busy for years to come.
Bubble columns: flow transitions in the presence of trace contaminants

Abstract Observations are reported on the two-phase bubble flow of air rising through a stationary water phase. Distinctly different results have been measured for tap water and for distilled water. The difference in these results is attributed to the presence of an extremely small quantity of an unknown surface-active contaminant. Both the nature and the axial distribution of the contaminant are shown to be important in determining the ultimate flow regime.
Rat bioassays for methionine availability in 16 food sources.

Methionine availabilities of 16 test proteins were assessed by comparing ten day rat growth response to the test diets and reference (casein) diets. In a preliminary study, various concentrations of methionine and cystine were fed to determine methionine requirements and effect of excess cystine. Results indicated a methionine requirement of about 550 mg per 100 g diet. Cystine had a sparing affect of 50–55%, i.e., about 300 mg could be used to meet methionine requirements. Further additions of cystine (up to 2.6 times methionine) did not affect rat growth. Methionine availabilities were excellent (88–100%) for 15 of the 16 test foods; only pinto beans (58%) were low, but prior evidence indicates that the poor growth response was due to some factor other than availability.
Risperidone in the Treatment of Elderly Patients With Psychotic Disorders

The authors evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of risperidone in 103 elderly patients (mean age, 71 years) with schizophrenia (75%) or schizoaffective disorder (25%). Using the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, they conducted a prospective, open-label, 12-week trial in 14 psychiatric centers in the United States. Patients' symptoms were assessed at baseline and over a 12-week period. At endpoint, ESRS scores were significantly reduced, as were PANSS total and subscale scores. There were no clinically significant changes in electrocardiograms, laboratory test results, or vital signs. Risperidone was well tolerated and efficacious in elderly patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
A novel approach to identify insider-based jamming attacks in multi-channel wireless networks

We consider the problem of identifying the insider-based attacks in the form of jammers in a single-hop wireless network, where jammers have the inside knowledge of frequency hopping patterns and any protocols used in the wireless network. We propose a novel technique, called “alibi”, to identify the insider-based jammers in multi-channel wireless networks. Alibi is a form of defense whereby a defendant attempts to prove that he or she was elsewhere when the crime in question was committed. From this concept, we propose two alibi-based protocols to demonstrate how to identify insider-based jammers using alibi techniques. We show several important properties of these protocols such as completeness, accuracy & detection speed in ns2 simulation and analysis. The overall results of these protocols show a promising research direction to deal with insider-based jamming attacks.1
Analysis of digital timing methods with BaF2 scintillators

Abstract Various digital methods were examined for determining the relative arrival times of pulses from to 5.08×2.54 cm BaF 2 scintillators. In this study, pulses from the photomultiplier tubes were digitized by a 1 Gs/s analog-to-digital converter and post processed with multiple techniques. These techniques include: (1) leading edge discrimination, (2) moment-analysis, (3) constant-fraction discrimination, (4) digital constant-fraction discrimination, (5) triangular pulse shaping with a leading edge linear regression, and (6) pulse-shape fitting. Average timing resolutions of 456±8 ps were obtained with constant-fraction discrimination, which is slightly higher than the analog average resolution of 419±7 ps. This study explores the application of these digital techniques for pulse-timing applications and their potential advantages and limitations.
A new analysis of a lot‐size model with partial backlogging

We reformulate the cost equation for the lot-size model with partial back-logging. The formulation is in terms of “fictitious demand rate,” a new inventory decision variable that simplifies the analysis. Using decomposition by projection, we obtain an optimal solution in a straightforward manner. The form of the solution sheds additional light on the behavior of the model. Some of these insights are elucidated by numerical examples.
Conrad Celtes and Kunz von der Rosen: Two Problems in Portrait Identification

After his return from Venice in February 1507, Albrecht Durer devoted most of his time to a commission from his old and faithful patron, the Elector Frederick the Wise of Saxony. This commission was the Martyrdom of the Ten Thousand, now in Vienna (Fig. 1). According to Durer, it was already “more than half finished” on August 27, 1507;1 but there is reason to believe that this statement, made in order to appease the impatience of Jakob Heller who urged Durer to begin his own altarpiece, must not be taken too literally. That in reality the greater part of the work was still to be done is evident from the very fact that it was still “a fortnight from completion” on March 19, 1508,2 that is to say after an interval even longer than that which had elapsed between Durer's first letter and his return from Italy.
The spread and persistence of infectious diseases in structured populations

A basic assumption of many epidemic models is that populations are composed of a homogeneous group of randomly mixing individuals. This is not a realistic assumption. Most actual populations are divided into a number of subpopulations, within which there may be relatively random mixing, but among which there is nonrandom mixing. As a consequence of the structuring of the population, there are several sources of heterogeneity within populations that can affect the course of an infection through the population, Two of these sources of heterogeneity are differences in contact number between subpopulations, and differences in the patterns of contact among subpopulations. A model for the spread of a disease in such a population is described. The model considers two levels of interaction: interactions between individuals within a subpopulation because of geographic proximity, and interactions between individuals of the same or different subpopulations because of attendance at common social functions. Because of this structure, it is possible to analyze with the model both heterogeneity in contact number and variation in the patterns of contact. A stability analysis of the model is presented which shows that there is a unique threshold for disease maintenance. Below the threshold the disease goes extinct, and the equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Above the threshold, the extinction equilibrium is unstable, and there is a unique endemic equilibtium.The analysis presents a sufficient condition for disease maintenance, which determines critical subpopulation sizes above which the disease cannot go extinct. The condition is a simple inequality relating the removal rate of infectives to the infection rate of susceptibles. In addition, bounds on the actual threshold and the effect of symmetry in the interaction matrix on the threshold are presented.
Fonsecin, a Naphthopyrone Pigment from a Mutant of Aspergillus fonsecaeus

IN 1953 Raper and Fennell1 described an ultraviolet mutant of Aspergillus fonaecaeus (N.R.R.L. 67), which was characterized by a rich deposit of yellow pigment in the vesicles and primary sterigmata. We became interested in this material as a possible precursor of the brown and black pigments of the parent strain and, accordingly, isolated the crude pigment by ethyl acetate extraction of the dried mycelial mat. Fractional precipitation and recrystal-lization from ethyl acetate–petroleum ether mixtures gave a pure substance in the form of bright yellow irregular prisms (m.p. 198° decomposition) to which the name fonsecin was assigned. δmax (ethanol) 233, 275, 321, 332, and 400 mµ (ɛ, 26,400; 31,400; 7,300; 8,025; and 8,775, respectively). (Found: C, 62.3; 62.1; H, 4.94; 4.79; OCH3, 11.4; CH3, 6.2. C15H12O5.-H2O requires: C, 62.06; H, 4.82; 1 OCH3, 10.7; 1 CH3, 5.2.)
Helicobacter pylori is associated with alterations in intestinal gas profile among patients with nonulcer dyspepsia

The pathogenesis of nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD) is unknown. Gas and postprandial bloating are frequent symptoms. The role ofHelicobacter pylori (HP) in the pathogenesis of NUD is controversial. We studied the intestinal gas profile of NUD patients (N=34) at baseline and after lactulose administration. The prevalence of hydrogen and methane producers was similar among HP+ and HP− patients. Breath H2 concentrations in response to lactulose showed significantly greater rise among HP+ subjects (P<0.0001). HP positivity was associated with higher total breath excretion for H2 and methane combined (2984±1038 vs 1776±521 ppm/hr) compared to HP− subjects (P<0.05). There was no correlation between peak H2 and methane levels. The role of alterations in intestinal gas in producing symptoms in HP+ patients with NUD needs further investigation.