cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turning Transition into Triumph

This chapter focuses on how career practitioners can assist individuals with transitions in their career lives. First, I review the effects of transition. Next, I discuss the importance of a theoretical framework when working with career transitioners. Next, I introduce and explain Schlossberg’s Transition Model, a theory that emphasized work transitions when developed originally. Finally, using Schlossberg’s model, I offer specific interventions for use with career transitioners. I conclude the chapter by urging career practitioners to build upon the ideas and suggestions included in this chapter by developing their own creative ways of assisting clients.
Invitation to the Birthday Party: Rationale and Description.

Educators in many countries around the world have a strong interest in improving early childhood mathematics education, one component of which is formative assessment. Unlike summative assessment, this approach can provide teachers with information useful for understanding and teaching individual children. This paper describes the rationale for and the development of the birthday party (BP), a mathematics assessment system appropriate for investigating the mathematical thinking and learning of young children, 3-, 4-, and 5-years of age. The BP uses computer technology to help teachers administer the assessment. The system also provides professional development to help teachers understand the results of the assessment and determine how to promote individual children’s learning. The ultimate goal of the system is to nurture thoughtful teachers who can conduct inventive formative assessments on a daily basis without the guidance of the BP software.
Hydraulic Conductivity of Fly Ash-Amended Mine Tailings

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fly ash addition on hydraulic conductivity (k) of mine tailings. Mine tailings used in this study were categorized as synthetic tailings and natural tailings; two synthetic tailings were developed via blending commercially-available soils and natural tailings were collected from a garnet mine located in the U.S. Two fly ashes were used that had sufficient calcium oxide (CaO) content (17 and 18.9 %) to generate pozzolanic activity. Hydraulic conductivity was measured on pure tailings and fly ash-amended tailings in flexible-wall permeameters. Fly ash was added to mine tailings to constitute 10 % dry mass of the mixture, and specimens were cured for 7 and 28 days. The influence of fly ash-amendment on k of mine tailings was attributed to (1) molding water content and (2) plasticity of the mine tailings. Tailings that classified as low-plasticity silts with clay contents less than 15 % exhibited a decrease in k when amended with fly ash and prepared wet of optimum water content (w opt ). Tailings that classified as low-plasticity clay exhibited a one-order magnitude increase in k with addition of fly ash for materials prepared dry or near w opt . The decrease in k for silty tailings was attributed to formation of cementitious bonds that obstructed flow paths, whereas the increase in k for clayey tailings was attributed to agglomeration of clay particles and an overall increase in average pore size. The results also indicated that the effect of curing time on k is more pronounced during the early stages of curing (≤7 days), as there was negligible difference between k for 7 and 28-days cured specimens.
Verbal-spatial IQ discrepancies impact brain activation associated with the resolution of cognitive conflict in children and adolescents.

Verbal-spatial discrepancies are common in healthy individuals and in those with neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cognitive control deficits including: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Non-Verbal Learning Disability, Fragile X, 22q11 deletion, and Turner Syndrome. Previous data from healthy individuals suggest that the magnitude of the difference between verbal IQ (VIQ) and performance IQ (PIQ) scores (the VIQ>PIQ discrepancy) is associated with reduced thickness in frontal and parietal cortices (inferior frontal, anterior cingulate, inferior parietal lobule, and supramarginal gyrus) that support cognitive control. Unknown is whether the VIQ>PIQ discrepancy is associated with functional deficits in these areas in healthy or ill children and adolescents. We assessed the effects of the VIQ>PIQ discrepancy on fMRI BOLD response during the resolution of cognitive conflict in 55 healthy children and adolescents during performance of a Simon Spatial Incompatibility task. As the magnitude of the VIQ>PIQ discrepancy increased, activation of fronto-striatal, limbic, and temporal regions decreased during conflict resolution (p PIQ discrepancy was associated with reduced functional connectivity from right inferior frontal gyrus to right thalamus and increased functional connectivity to right supramarginal gyrus (ps PIQ discrepancy may be an important aspect of an individual’s cognitive profile and likely contributes to, or is associated with, deficient cognitive control processes characteristic of many childhood disorders.
Optical Studies of Network Topology

Polymer networks can usually sustain large recoverable deformations due to the presence of chemical crosslinks which serve to bind long chains into a permanent network structure. The elasticity of the network chains is considered to originate primarily in terms of the entropy of the chains (1). The elastic free energy of an elastomeric network is usually treated as the sum of the contributions of its individual chains. Therefore, the most important parameter in describing the properties of a network is the molecular weight of the chain between crosslinks (Mc).
Why We Collaborate in Mathematical Ways

Graciela broached collaboration in terms of social acceptability rather than in terms of naked competition based on division of labor. The social paradigm is more adaptable to the modern information economy where information stored in brain cells is accessible from social interactions. She built on the learning-by-doing model, individually and in collaborative efforts. She enlisted a task-trial model of experimental psychology that shows regime shifting from convex to concave shape as trial increases. An implication of her model is that collaboration is superior to division of labor at higher levels of output.
Implementing a negative-pressure isolation ward for a surge in airborne infectious patients

Background During a large-scale airborne infectious disease outbreak, the number of patients needing hospital-based health care services may exceed available negative-pressure isolation room capacity. Methods To test one method of increasing hospital surge capacity, a temporary negative-pressure isolation ward was established at a fully functioning hospital. Negative pressure was achieved in a 30-bed hospital ward by adjusting the ventilation system. Differential pressure was continuously measured at 22 locations, and ventilation airflow was characterized throughout the ward. Results The pressure on the test ward relative to the main hospital hallway was −29 Pa on average, approximately 10 times higher than the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance for airborne infection control. No occurrences of pressure reversal occurred at the entrances to the ward, even when staff entered the ward. Pressures within the ward changed, with some rooms becoming neutrally or slightly positively pressurized. Conclusions This study showed that establishing a temporary negative-pressure isolation ward is an effective method to increase surge capacity in a hospital.
De-anonymizing Web Browsing Data with Social Networks

Can online trackers and network adversaries de-anonymize web browsing data readily available to them? We show---theoretically, via simulation, and through experiments on real user data---that de-identified web browsing histories can be linked to social media profiles using only publicly available data. Our approach is based on a simple observation: each person has a distinctive social network, and thus the set of links appearing in one's feed is unique. Assuming users visit links in their feed with higher probability than a random user, browsing histories contain tell-tale marks of identity. We formalize this intuition by specifying a model of web browsing behavior and then deriving the maximum likelihood estimate of a user's social profile. We evaluate this strategy on simulated browsing histories, and show that given a history with 30 links originating from Twitter, we can deduce the corresponding Twitter profile more than 50% of the time.To gauge the real-world effectiveness of this approach, we recruited nearly 400 people to donate their web browsing histories, and we were able to correctly identify more than 70% of them. We further show that several online trackers are embedded on sufficiently many websites to carry out this attack with high accuracy. Our theoretical contribution applies to any type of transactional data and is robust to noisy observations, generalizing a wide range of previous de-anonymization attacks. Finally, since our attack attempts to find the correct Twitter profile out of over 300 million candidates, it is---to our knowledge---the largest-scale demonstrated de-anonymization to date.
Challenges in Modifying Existing Scales for Detecting Harassment in Individual Tweets

In an effort to create new sociotechnical tools to combat online harassment, we developed a scale to detect and measure verbal violence within individual tweets. Unfortunately, we found that the scale, based on scales effective at detecting harassment offline, was unreliable for tweets. Here, we begin with information about the development and validation of our scale, then discuss the scale’s shortcomings for detecting harassment in tweets, and explore what we can learn from this scale’s failures. We explore how rarity, context, and individual coder’s differences create challenges for detecting verbal violence in individual tweets. We also examine differences in on- and offline harassment that limit the utility of existing harassment measures for online contexts. We close with a discussion of potential avenues for future work in automated harassment detection.
Whole grape alleviates inflammatory arthritis through inhibition of tumor necrosis factor

Abstract The anti-rheumatic efficacy of grape powder (GP) diet was evaluated in transgenic mice (TG) overexpressing human tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). After 4-weeks, TG mice fed on 10% of GP showed improvement with epiphyseal bone mass (p = 0.07) compared to TG fed on a regular diet. TG mice that received 5 or 10% of GP exhibited a significant (p
Improving Primary Education in Pakistan: An Examination of the Association between School Autonomy and Children's Learning Outcomes

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the delegation of financial authority to public primary schools through Parent-Teacher Councils (PTCs) on learning outcomes of primary school children in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. The learning outcomes were measured in three subject areas (Urdu, English, and Mathematics). Three sources of data were used: a) Education Management Information System (EMIS), which is obtained from the Ministry of Education KP and is an official compilation of institutional data on education; b) Annual Status of Education Reports (ASER), which is a household based, citizen led survey for evaluating the learning effectiveness of children of age 5-16 years; and c) a specially designed survey questionnaire used to compile information about PTCs and school quality from 222 public primary schools in the KP Province. Results show that school size, separate classrooms and children’s attendance are significant in determining Urdu reading skills; whereas school size monograde schools and PTR (grades 3-5) are significant in determining English reading skills as well as numeracy skills. The full text of the article can be found at 10.18275/fire201704011129
A review of clinical safety data for sumatriptan nasal powder administered by a breath powered exhalation delivery system in the acute treatment of migraine.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: AVP-825 (sumatriptan nasal powder) is an FDA-approved intranasal medication delivery system containing low-dose sumatriptan powder for acute treatment of migraine with or with...
A Penny Saved: How Do Savings Accounts Help the Poor?

Many studies have looked at the experiences of poor savers and there is plenty of anecdotal evidence that savings accounts have resulted in greater asset accumulation, better risk mitigation, and other benefits for poor households. But, to what extend does a hard look at the evidence support a claim that savings accounts actually improve welfare?This paper reviews the experimental evidence (both RCTs and natural experiments) regarding the impact of improved access to savings. While there are precious few pieces of evidence documenting the development benefits of formal savings services for poor households, the few rigorous studies that exist show savings accounts enhance the ability to save up for productivity enhancing investments and weather unexpected bad times. They may even empower women to make financial decisions within the household.
The Twilight of Customary International Law

This article criticizes mainstream customary international legal theory as lacking authority and legitimacy. Few customary international law (CIL) norms are, in fact, customary. All customary law, international or otherwise, acquires its legitimacy from the normative belief of a community. Norms may be inferred from the repeated acts believed to be required using the inductive method. CIL, however, has become a device for judges, advocates, and self-interested states to deduce or create new norms without regard to the beliefs or participation of the vast majority of states and their people. CIL norms are constructed from non-binding resolutions and soft law instruments rather than widespread state practice or evident belief. In a diverse world of many different values, interests, and cultural histories valid CIL norms will be rare. The article suggests only more democratic consensual processes will produce effective norms in a decentralized international community without a consensus on values.
A new fixed point theorem in domain theory

We generalize the standard fixed point theorem in domain theory: a dcpo has the fixed point property iff the image of its least deflation has the fixed point property, provided that the least deflation exists. We then turn to the existence of least deflations, showing that they exist in a number of important cases, including the case of compact domains.
Impact of intimate partner violence on clinic attendance, viral suppression and CD4 cell count of women living with HIV in an urban clinic setting

ABSTRACTThe substance abuse, violence and HIV/AIDS (SAVA) syndemic represents a complex set of social determinants of health that impacts the lives of women. Specifically, there is growing evidence that intimate partner violence (IPV) places women at risk for both HIV acquisition and poorer HIV-related outcomes. This study assessed prevalence of IPV in an HIV clinic setting, as well as the associations between IPV, symptoms of depression and PTSD on three HIV-related outcomes—CD4 count, viral load, and missed clinic visits. In total, 239 adult women attending an HIV-specialty clinic were included. Fifty-one percent (95% CI: 45%–58%) reported past year psychological, physical, or sexual intimate partner abuse. In unadjusted models, IPV was associated with having a CD4 count 33% of past year all type clinic visits (OR: 1.535, 95% CI: 0.920–2.56...
T Cell Immunity

T cells are major effector and regulatory lymphocytes of the immune system and are critically important contributors to adaptive immune responses. Antigen-specific T cells develop in the thymus where they undergo an intricate maturation and selection process. This allows their expression of clonally diverse antigen receptors that recognize cognate antigens, which in the majority of cases are peptides derived from foreign or self-proteins that are presented by major histocompatibility complex molecules. T cells express specific cell surface and intracellular proteins that allow them to be identified and distinguished from other types of leukocytes and also to be separated into a growing variety of distinct subsets with different functions. Current knowledge on the diversity of T cell subsets extends far beyond the originally recognized phenotypic and functional dichotomy of CD4+ helper versus CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. In addition, a variety of less numerous nonconventional T cell subtypes have been recognized, including specialized populations such as γδ T cells, NKT cells, and MAIT cells. These share some features with conventional T cells but also differ in important ways with respect to the nature of their cognate antigens and the mechanisms by which these are presented. The current chapter provides a general overview of the principal features of conventional T cells and also briefly covers the properties and proposed functions of the less well-understood nonconventional T cell subsets.
Managing uncertain trajectories of moving objects with DOMINO

This work describes the features of the DOMINO (Database fOr MovINg Objects) system, which brings several novelties to the problem of managing moving objects databases. Our robust model of a trajectory captures the inherent parameter of uncertainty of the moving objects location, which impacts both the semantics of spatio – temporal queries and the algorithms for their processing. In DOMINO, we present a set of novel operators which capture the spatial, temporal and uncertainty aspects of a moving object. The operators are implemented as UDFs (User Defined Functions) on top of existing ORDBMS and can be used for answering queries and generating notification triggers. DOMINO’s implementation, in which ORDBMS are coupled with other systems, seamlessly integrates several technologies: 1. existing electronic maps are used to generate the trajectory plan on behalf of a mobile user; 2. real-time traffic sources are used to automatically update the moving object’s trajectories; 3. powerful (web-browser) GUI enables users to monitor and pose queries about objects.
The Doctoral Program of Management in Information Technology at Six

Experience with the Doctor of Management in Information Technology, offered in the College of Management, Lawrence Technological University since 2002 is described. The mission of the program is to offer doctoral level education for working professionals with high levels of ma- nagerial and IT expertise. With a number of students passing through the research phase of the program the focus on innovation within enterprises has become a priority, as well as on IT leadership, based on state-of-the-art knowledge of ITs. The paper describes the approach to outcomes assessment in terms of defined criteria. Some operating results are presented, in- cluding data on student performance. Lessons learned during six years of offering the DMIT have impacted a number of aspects of the program, such as offering hybrid modes of delivery for some courses made possible by new education technologies, continuous updating of course syllabi to reflect the latest ideas and practices in consultation with the DMIT Advisory Board, modified approaches to preparing students for the comprehensive examinations, standardizing the research process, refinements in faculty approaches to supervising the dissertation re- search projects, and improved program governance. The program has enhanced the quality of faculty scholarship in the College of Management, and is attractive for LTU adjunct faculty, graduate students and alumni who are interested in pursuing doctoral studies. The research agenda and completed research topics are included in the paper.
Acoustic Bragg Imaging with an Optical Point Source

Most acoustic imaging by optical Bragg diffraction uses a coherent line source of light to illuminate the acoustic field and cylindrical lenses to form one conventional optical point image for each point in the acoustic field. Likewise it is generally realized that an optical point source of illumination produces an optical ring image for each acoustic field point [Ref. 1]. In general, the diameter of the ring is larger than the theoretical acoustic resolution, thus providing a poor image of the acoustic field. I will discuss three possible techniques for producing optical point images of acoustic field points with a point source of illumination. (1) The desired optical point images are formed directly when the acoustic wavelength equals one half the optical wavelength. (2) If the optical point source coincides with the acoustic point, the ring image reduces to a point image. (3) The optical ring image can be changed into a point image by a second imaging operation through a second acoustic field or a spatial filter.
Transfer neu gewonnenen impliziten Wissens von Auslandsbeschäftigungen zurück in das „heimatliche System“

Eine zentrale Herausforderung der globalisierten Wirtschaft besteht fur Unternehmen darin, von der Welt zu lernen.
The space of ω-limit sets for Baire-1 functions on the interval

Abstract Let I = [ 0 , 1 ] with b B 1 the set of Baire-1 self-maps of I. There exists S a residual subset of b B 1 such that for any f ∈ S , the following hold: 1. The set of the ω-limit points Λ ( f ) = ∪ x ∈ I ω ( x , f ) is a nowhere dense and perfect subset of [ 0 , 1 ] with Hausdorff dimension zero. 2. The collection of the ω-limit sets Ω ( f ) = { ω ( x , f ) : x ∈ I } generated by f is closed in the Hausdorff metric space. 3. If x is a point at which f is continuous, then ( x , f ) is a point at which the map ω : I × b B 1 → K given by ( x , f ) → ω ( x , f ) is continuous. 4. The n-fold iterate f n is an element of b B 1 for all natural numbers n.
Waking from Mao’s Dream: Communist Ideological Imprinting and the Internationalization of Entrepreneurial Ventures in China:

We theorize how an ideological imprint—ideology formed through past events—serves as an information filter that persistently affects individuals’ decision making and how subsequent behaviors of the...
STAKEHOLDER VIEWS ON QUALITY PRIORITIES FOR LONG-TERM CARE

State and federal initiatives are underway to assess and improve quality in long-term care (LTC), including in nursing facilities, assisted living, and community-based services. Although people who use LTC and their families are key stakeholders in LTC quality, their views are often excluded from discussions in which priorities for LTC quality are set. This study aimed to examine which aspects of LTC quality stakeholders view as the most important and explore whether differences exist based on stakeholder role. A survey addressing 9 domains of LTC quality was implemented with several stakeholder groups in Minnesota in 2017 (n=424). Participants included a convenience sample of older adults who use LTC in any setting, family members of LTC users, LTC administrators, nursing leaders, and state policy and regulatory personnel. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of 50 items related to various aspects of quality of care and quality of life. Across stakeholder groups, items related to dignity, safety, and staff competence were prioritized, while those focused on autonomy/choice were viewed as less important. Consumers emphasized the physical environment over professionals, and consumers rated most aspects of quality as being less important than professionals did (p<0.01). No differences in priorities were observed across LTC settings. Findings reveal the importance of including consumers and families in organizational and policy discussions about priorities for LTC quality. In addition, they highlight the need for more dialogue to clarify stakeholders’ underlying values related to LTC and ensure policies and practices are best aligned with these goals.
A Playbook for Banks

This chapter offers a playbook for banks thinking about how to create, or be part of, the future of small business lending. Using Massachusetts-based Eastern Bank as an example of innovation, it addresses the key question: How should banks and traditional lenders innovate in small business lending? The author lays out strategic guidance for banks thinking about partnering with fintechs, innovating internally, or engaging with technology in other ways. This chapter also addresses the difficulties of innovating in a traditional institution, and proposes structures through which to overcome these obstacles.
The Effectiveness of Positive Psychology Interventions in the Workplace: A Theory-Driven Evaluation Approach

Positive Work and Organizations (PWO) continues to permeate organizations that desire to improve employee positive functioning. One aspect of PWO includes positive psychology interventions (PPIs) at work, which uses the theory and scholarship of positive work and organizations to design interventions aimed at improving employee work outcomes. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Donaldson, Lee, and Donaldson (under review) found a link between PPIs at work and improving desirable and reducing undesirable work outcomes. The purpose of this chapter was to synthesize the empirical evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of PPIs at work, using a theory-driven evaluation (TDE) approach. TDE refers to the systematic use of substantive knowledge (i.e., social science theory, stakeholder theory, or some combination of both) about the intervention under consideration to improve, produce knowledge, or determine its merit, value, and worth (Donaldson, in Program theory-driven evaluation science: Strategies and applications. Psychology Press, New York, 2007). This systematic review will provide valuable information for practitioners deciding to use PPI’s in their organizations.
The Effect of Haptic Feedback on Efficiency and Safety During Preretinal Membrane Peeling Simulation.

Author(s): Francone, Anibal; Huang, Jason Mingyi; Ma, Ji; Tsao, Tsu-Chin; Rosen, Jacob; Hubschman, Jean-Pierre | Abstract: PurposeWe determine whether haptic feedback improves surgical performance and outcome during simulated a preretinal membrane peeling procedure.MethodsA haptic-enabled virtual reality preretinal membrane peeling simulator was developed using a surgical cockpit with two multifinger haptic devices. Six subjects (three trained retina surgeons and three nonsurgeons) performed the preretinal membrane peeling surgical procedure using two modes of operation: visual and haptic feedback, and visual feedback only.ResultsTask completion time, tool tip path trajectory, tool-retina collision force, and retinal damage were all reduced with haptic feedback used and compared to modes where haptic feedback was disabled.ConclusionsHaptic feedback improves efficiency and safety during preretinal membrane peeling simulation.Translational relevanceThese findings highlight the potential benefit of haptic feedback for improving performance and safety of vitreoretinal surgery.
The Seamount on a Sloping Seabed Problem

This paper deals with an inverse acoustics problem in the ocean. The problem we investigate is the location of a non-homogeneity caused by a sea-mount or some object lying on a slopping seabed. This problem is solved by constructing an acoustic Green’s function for the wedge. This is done by using the method of images. The inversion procedure is motivated by our earlier work on the seamount problem for a shallow ocean of uniform depth [17].
A New Model of Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Hemorrhagic shock is a prevalent cause of AKI. However there is no animal model that mimics t...
Developing the Person-Place Fit Measure for Older Adults: Broadening Place Domains.

Background and objectives Literature calls for larger studies with empirically tested instruments about the meaning of place for older adults-studies that include a broader range of domains and neighborhood characteristics. Although rich narrative and qualitative data for small groups of older individuals exist, a measure with valid and reliable scores that includes the new, multiple domains about aging in place does not. Research design and methods Findings are reported from a two-phase, nine-step, exploratory sequential mixed-methods process of measurement development for the Person-Place Fit Measure for Older Adults (PPFM-OA). In Phase I, a focus group (n = 8) and qualitative interviews (n = 77) with persons 65 and older were used to develop emerging domains of aging in place. Qualitative data about concepts and language informed the development of a quantitative item pool for the Mechanical Turk-distributed survey. Phase II included a Delphi process reducing the number of items in the PPFM-OA. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability analysis further reduced the number of potential measure items. Results Five factors emerged from the EFA. They were primary or basic needs/necessities (α = .84), neighborhood changes and moving (α = .88), identity and place attachment (α = .86), community value (α = .89), and services and resources (α = .78). Discussion and implications The development of a measure, such as the PPFM-OA, is crucial as more programs and services are created to address aging in place but uniform data for planning and evaluation are lacking. These initial quantitative analyses are informative for the next step, a larger-scale, quantitative evaluation.
With An Eye On A Set Of New Eyes: Beasts of the Southern Wild

This article focuses on how, Beasts of the Southern Wild, represents both divergence and transgression from paradigmatic structures that determine how certain visual representations are to be used. Specifically, the cinematic detours taken by the filmmakers, Lucy Alibar and Behn Zeitlin, do not lead to alien places for most viewers; on the contrary, ancient myths, legends, heroes and prehistoric references are recalled in total isolation from current social and political discourse. In this way, Beasts of the Southern Wild, effectively, highlights mythological structures operating in contemporary American society. Mircea Eliade, Roger Caillois and G.S. Kirk define mythology as a set of narratives that effectively house the sacred, protecting it from the profane, everyday, and temporal activities in life. Thus, this article explores the cultural myths that are disturbed when failure to acknowledge their existence threatens their irrefutable reality. How we think (or should think) reflects certain structural mandates, particularly in the use of representations depicting race, class, or gender. Beasts has been dubbed racist, sexist and elitist by some critiques, the most scathing coming from bell hooks on the representation of a young African-American girl. Because the film enlists the imagination to journey down recognizable mythical trails, interpretations tell us more about the reviewer than it does the film. It is more about what the film “left out” than it is about what the film actually says or does. In this way, I examine bell hooks’ critique alongside the role Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye has played in our expectations of representations involving young African-American girls as protagonists.
Key Disciplinary Tools

In addition to being comfortable with the skills presented in previous chapters of this text, environmental professionals should be familiar with a number of common disciplinary tools. Some of these tools are used to quantify the relationship between economics and the environment (cost-benefit analysis). Other tools like carbon footprints, ecological footprints, and life cycle assessments are used to measure human impacts on the environment in non-monetary ways. There is power in numbers and being able to quantify impacts or outcomes using tools like these that can provide the key evidence to catalyze action.
Simple Spectral Models for Atmospheric Radiative Cooling

AbstractAtmospheric radiative cooling is a fundamental aspect of Earth’s greenhouse effect, and is intrinsically connected to atmospheric motions. At the same time, basic aspects of longwave radiat...
Effect of oxyanions and chloride ion on the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of admiralty brass in nonammoniacal aqueous solutions

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of admiralty brass in several nonammoniacal solutions of pH -8 has been investigated at 25°C using the slow strain-rate technique. The SCC tests were made at a controlledpotential of 300 mV H . This potential is close to the cupric oxide/cuprous oxide (CuD/Cu 2 O) equilibria, in near neutral solutions (6 NO 3 - > ClO 3 - > SO 4 = > MoO 4 = > Cl - > WO 4 = > HCO 3 - > B 4 O 7 = > CrO 4 = . The estimated crack velocity ranged from high values of the order of 10 - 7 m/s in the nitrite solution to no cracking in the phosphate and the solutions following it in the above series. The cracking was always transgranular with considerable branching in some cases.
Impaired state-dependent potentiation of GABAergic synaptic currents triggers seizures in an idiopathic generalized epilepsy model

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy(IGE) patients have genetic causes and their seizure onset mechanisms particularly during sleep remain elusive. Here we proposed that sleep-like slow-wave oscillations(0.5 Hz SWOs) potentiated excitatory or inhibitory synaptic currents in layer V cortical pyramidal neurons from wild-type(wt) mouse ex vivo brain slices. In contrast, SWOs potentiated excitatory, not inhibitory, currents in cortical neurons from heterozygous(het) knock-in(KI) IGE mice(GABAA receptor lower case Greek gamma2 subunit Gabrg2Q390X mutation), creating an imbalance between evoked excitatory and inhibitory currents to effectively prompt neuronal action potentials. Similarly, more physiologically similar up/down-state(present during slow-wave sleep) induction in cortical neurons could potentiate excitatory synaptic currents within slices from wt/het Gabrg2Q390X KI mice. Consequently, SWOs or up/down-state induction in vivo (using optogenetic method) could trigger epileptic spike-wave discharges(SWDs) in het Gabrg2Q390X KI mice. To our knowledge, this is the first operative mechanism to explain why epileptic SWDs preferentially happen during non-REM sleep or quiet-wakefulness in human IGE patients.
Survival and Developmental Outcomes of Neonates Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A 10-year Single Center Experience

Objective To evaluate the associations between the primary indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonates and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 and 24 months of age. Study design This is a retrospective cohort study of neonates treated with ECMO between January 2006 and January 2016 in the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia newborn/infant intensive care unit. Primary indication for ECMO was classified as medical (eg, meconium aspiration syndrome) or surgical (eg, congenital diaphragmatic hernia). Primary study endpoints were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Groups were compared with standard bivariate testing and multivariable regression. Results A total of 191 neonates met the study's inclusion criteria, including 96 with a medical indication and 95 with a surgical indication. Survival to discharge was 71%, with significantly higher survival in the medical group (82% vs 60%; P = .001). Survivors had high rates of developmental therapies and neurosensory abnormalities. Developmental outcomes were available for 66% at 12 months and 70% at 24 months. Average performance on the Bayley-III was significantly below expected population normative values. Surgical patients had modestly lower the Bayley-III scores over time; most notably, 15% of medical infants and 49% of surgical infants had motor delay at 24 months (P = .03). Conclusions In this single-center cohort, surgical patients had lower survival rates and higher incidence of motor delays. Strategies to reduce barriers to follow-up and improve rates of postdischarge developmental surveillance and intervention in this high-risk population are needed.
The role of negative emotional reactivity and neighborhood factors in predicting marijuana use during early adolescence.

Abstract Introduction Negative emotional reactivity and the neighborhood environment have been individually associated with marijuana use outcomes; however, less is known about whether neighborhood factors differentiate the association between negative emotional reactivity and marijuana use. The present study examined whether neighborhood risk (i.e., neighborhood problems) and protective factors (i.e., neighborhood social cohesion) moderated the relation between negative emotional reactivity and marijuana use during early adolescence. Methods. Participants were 775 adolescents (M = 10.95 ± 0.88 years; 69% male; 76% Caucasian), who reported on their past month frequency of marijuana use at Time 1 (when adolescents were 10-12 years old) and Time 2 (when adolescents were 12-14 years old). Mothers reported on neighborhood problems and neighborhood social cohesion at Time 1. Youth reported on their negative emotional reactivity at Time 2. Results Negative binomial regression analyses indicated that neighborhood problems moderated the relationship between negative emotional reactivity and marijuana use. In particular, in the context of low neighborhood problems, individuals with lower negative emotional reactivity were at attenuated risk for marijuana use compared to individuals higher in negative emotional reactivity. In the context of high neighborhood problems, individuals were at heightened risk for marijuana consumption regardless of their negative emotional reactivity levels. Conclusions Findings suggest that individual-level factors alone do not sufficiently account for early marijuana use and that neighborhood problems play a role in risk for or abstention from using marijuana during early adolescence. Implications for prevention and intervention for marijuana use during adolescence are discussed.
Hospitalization rates and 30-day all-cause mortality among head and neck cancer patients and survivors with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer is emerging, but data are urgently needed for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients or survivors who are inherently high-risk for severe illness and mortality with SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: This multi-institution, academic cohort study collected comprehensive data on clinical risk factors, COVID-19 symptoms and viral testing patterns, information about hospitalization rates, and predictors of survival among HNC patients with active disease or in remission. The primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality from the date of confirmed COVID-19. We performed multivariate analysis to understand the prognostic value of clinical and laboratory parameters on outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients with COVID-19 and HNC were included. Median age was 70 (range: 38-91) with 38% aged 75+, and 34% resided in long-term care facilities (LTCF). Thirteen (41%) had active cancer, with 6 (19%) on cancer therapy within 4 weeks of COVID-19 diagnosis. New or worsening cough and fatigue were the most commonly reported presenting symptoms. More than 30% required >1 SARS-CoV-2 test before confirming a positive result. Twenty (63%) required hospitalization. At data cutoff, 7 (22%) had died (1 on active cancer treatment), with a 30-day all-cause mortality of 18.9% (95%CI: 11.4-33.6) among all patients, and 71.5% (95%CI: 38.2-92.3) among those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. ICU admission and residing in a LTCF predicted worse outcomes (p < 0.01), while age, gender, and recent treatment did not. CONCLUSIONS: We observed high 30-day all-cause mortality among HNC patients with COVID-19, but most were not on active cancer therapy.
Inclusive Excellence: Diversity Pipeline from School to Practice in AZ

In 2012, according to the American Bar Association (“ABA”), racial minorities accounted for approximately 10 percent of attorneys and 24 percent of law students in the United States. This moderate increase in the number of attorneys and law students of color represents a statistically significant improvement as compared to previous decades.
Photodynamic therapy in the management of endobronchial metastatic lesions from renal cell carcinoma.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Bronchoscopic procedures to ablate endobronchial lesions (EBL) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are frequently complicated by hemorrhage because of the vascular nature of the metastases. After ablation, recurrence of symptoms from the EBLs is common. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), because of its mode of action, may be a safer and a more effective alternative in the nonemergent management of EBL from RCC. METHODS Medical records of patients undergoing PDT at the authors' institutions between December 2005 and December 2008 were reviewed and patients undergoing treatment for EBLs from RCC were identified. Procedure-related complications, 30-day mortality, and efficacy of PDT measured by recurrence in symptoms and the need for additional interventions on the treated EBLs were reviewed. RESULTS Eleven patients underwent a total of 13 treatments with PDT. Hemoptysis, with or without symptomatic airway obstruction, was the most common presenting symptom. The most common location for the EBLs was the lobar or segmental bronchi. Six patients had undergone other interventions (rigid bronchoscopy, mechanical debridement, or argon plasma coagulation) before treatment with PDT, with recurrence in symptoms. No immediate complications were seen with PDT and none of the patients had recurrence of symptoms or required airway interventions during the 30-day follow-up. Four patients died at a median of 4 months (range: 3 to 6 mo) after PDT and all deaths were due to progression of cancer and none of the deaths were due to airway complications. CONCLUSIONS PDT is a safe and effective option for the management of hemoptysis or airway obstruction caused by EBLs from RCC.
Experience with Diagnosis and Management of Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability.

Objective The aim of this study is to review our cumulative experience with diagnosis and treatment of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability and to present our treatment algorithm. Materials and Methods Retrospective review identified 112 patients who had 126 episodes of care for DRUJ instability at a single institution over a 21-year period. Those diagnosed acutely or subacutely were treated with immobilization of the wrist and elbow for 6 weeks, while those with chronic instability had anatomic reconstruction of the dorsal and palmar radioulnar ligaments with tendon autograft or an alternative arthroscopic treatment with our thermal annealing technique. Short-term treatment failures and surgical complications were recorded. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to analyze key long-term outcome measures including ulnar wrist pain and DRUJ stability indicated by the dorsopalmar stress test. Results At mean 7-year follow-up, eight patients in the acute-injury cohort had statistically significant improvements in wrist pain and DRUJ instability (p Conclusion Early clinical diagnosis of DRUJ instability using the dorsopalmar stress test provides an opportunity for effective nonsurgical treatment. For chronic presentation, we recommend our arthroscopic thermal annealing technique for mild or moderate instability and open anatomic reconstruction of the radioulnar ligaments for severe instability. Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Price volatilities of bitcoin futures

Abstract In this study, we first investigate the volatility term structure of the Bitcoin futures prices and observe that the price volatilities of Bitcoin futures contracts decrease as the delivery date nears, which is opposite to the Samuelson effect frequently observed in the commodity market. Then, we modify the stochastic multifactor model in Schwartz and Smith (2000) and fit it to the Bitcoin futures prices data. The results show that the standard stochastic multifactor model performs well in explaining the fluctuations of Bitcoin futures prices and generates an upward volatility term structure of the Bitcoin futures contracts prices. Nevertheless, some of the parameter's estimations exhibit non-negligible differences compared with those based on other commodity futures prices data in the existing literature, which indicates that the Bitcoin futures market might be different from the standard commodity futures market.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect from Neonatal Stroke by Interacting with Microglial Cells.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies are beneficial in models of perinatal stroke and hypoxia–ischemia. Mounting evidence suggests that in adult injury models, including stroke, MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) contribute to the neuroprotective and regenerative effects of MSCs. Herein, we examined if MSC-sEV protect neonatal brain from stroke and if this effect is mediated via communication with microglia. MSC-sEV derived from bone marrow MSCs were characterized by size distribution (NanoSight™) and identity (protein markers). Studies in microglial cells isolated from the injured or contralateral cortex of postnatal day 9 (P9) mice subjected to a 3-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and cultured (in vitro) revealed that uptake of fluorescently labeled MSC-sEV was significantly greater by microglia from the injured cortex vs. contralateral cortex. The cell-type–specific spatiotemporal distribution of MSC-sEV was also determined in vivo after tMCAO at P9. MSC-sEV administered at reperfusion, either by intracerebroventricular (ICV) or by intranasal (IN) routes, accumulated in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the occlusion, with differing spatial distribution 2 h, 18 h, and 72 h regardless of the administration route. By 72 h, MSC-sEV in the IN group was predominantly observed in Iba1+ cells with retracted processes and in GLUT1+ blood vessels in ischemic-reperfused regions. MSC-sEV presence in Iba1+ cells was sustained. MSC-sEV administration also significantly reduced injury volume 72 h after tMCAO in part via modulatory effects on microglial cells. Together, these data establish feasibility for MSC-sEV delivery to injured neonatal brain via a clinically relevant IN route, which affords protection during sub-acute injury phase.
The Effect of Hedperf (High Education Performance) on Cognitive Outcomes Through Quality of Student Experience in Higher Education Institutions Accredited (Aipt) A in East Java

This study was conducted to determine the effect of service quality on the quality of student experience and its impact on cognitive outcomes at universities that have AIPT A in East Java based on the HEdPERF higher education service quality model. The research method used is quantitative research. The results of hypothesis testing prove that Hedperf (high education performance) has a significant effect on the quality of student experience, Quality of student experience has a significant effect on cognitive outcomes, and Hedperf (high education performance) has a significant effect on cognitive outcomes through the quality of student experience in higher education institutions. AIPT A in East Java..