cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5168: Interaction of sonic hedgehog and TP53/TP63 networks in lymphoma cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Cellular homeostasis requires a delicate balance between proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation be maintained. These processes are regulated by a number of tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes that are frequently deregulated during tumor progression. Amongst these are the TP53/TP63 family of tumor suppressors and the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway. The SHH network associated with proliferative stem cell niches of many organs has been shown to affect disease progression and metastasis in diverse cancers. We investigated the possibility of interactions between the SHH and the TP53 networks in cancer cells. Using a Ponasterone A inducible TP53 H1299 cell line as a model system we were, able to show alterations in RNA and protein levels of SHH signaling intermediates on TP53 activation suggesting a regulation at the transcriptional level. A preliminary screening of a number of hematological cancer cell lines showed a majority of cell lines having aberrant SHH activation. A panel of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines that included activated B-cell (ABC) like DLBCL and germinal center B-cell (GCB) like DLBCL subgroups were selected for further study. These cell lines also varied from p53-deficient to wild type p53. Treatment of these cell lines with nutlin, an HDM2 antagonist showed alterations in the SHH pathway at the protein and transcript levels. In silico analysis of the promoters of genes in the SHH network reveal multiple potential TP53/TP63 binding sites. Luciferase promoter constructs of SHH pathway genes were generated including SHH-luciferase and SUFU-luciferase promoter constructs and confirmed that these promoters were regulated by both TP63 and TP53. Further validation was provided using in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies and site-directed mutational analysis. These findings suggest that there are multiple interacting nodes between the components of the SHH network and TP53/TP63 family of transcription networks. Additionally, a therapeutic strategy involving specific and simultaneous targeting of these networks in DLBCL cells would be expected to result in a more robust therapeutic response. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5168.
High-repetition-rate techniques for ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy in the mid-infrared

Two methods for experimentation with ultrashort mid-infrared light pulses are presented. The techniques utilize high repetition rate sources, and are therefore suitable for use with lock-in modulation detection.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The effects of extra chances to live on life table functions

Abstract A decline in mortality can be described as a process according to which the earlier forces of mortality become what has been defined here as the forces of debility. The main thesis is that individuals contract debilitating conditions now with the same force that used to result in deaths in the past. The difference in the two situations is that in the latter period, a certain proportion of the population can recover and thus escape death. Based on these assumptions, the relationships between the initial and the resulting life table functions have been developed in this paper. Among other things, the relative gain in life expectancy has been found to be inversely related to its initial value. Further, interesting results are obtained when a fixed proportion of the population can manage to survive a debilitating condition only once, only twice and so on. The limiting situation has been found to be equivalent to one in which the initial forces of mortality at all ages are reduced by a constant proportion.
The role of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in demand response and beyond

As the electric utility industry continues to move towards becoming more of a deregulated entity, demand response programs are playing a much larger role. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential to increase the ability of residential customers to participate in demand response programs. However, there may need to be changes made in order to incorporate the spatially mobile aspect of PHEVs as new charging infrastructure enables vehicles to charge in many locations. New demand response programs may also be needed to take advantage of the storage potential inherent in the batteries of PHEVs. This paper explores the potential impact of PHEV market penetration on demand response in order to outline the most effective manner of using these resources.
Internet use by university students: an interdisciplinary study on three campuses

This study sought to determine if differences exist among various age groups regarding students’ use of the Internet. Surveys were administered to 548 students from three regional universities in the southeastern USA. Survey responses were then analyzed to determine how many students regularly use the Internet, how many hours per week regular users spend on the Internet, and what computers they use. Information was also tabulated for use of e‐mail, use of the Internet to obtain university information, and for the number of students who had home pages. Finally, survey responses were analyzed to determine which students: consider the Internet to be a fad; project their future use of the Internet to be less, the same, or more than now; and project they will use the Internet in their chosen careers.
DETERMINATION OF PLUTONIUM OXIDATION STATES AT TRACE LEVELS PERTINENT TO NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL

A scheme was developed for the determination of oxidation states of plutonium in environmental samples. The method involves a combination of solvent extractions and coprecipitation. It was tested on solutions with both high-level and trace-level concentrations. The scheme was used to determine Pu oxidation states in solutions from solubility experiments in groundwater from a potential nuclear waste disposal site. At steady-state conditions, Pu was found to be soluble predominantly as Pu(V) and Pu(VI).
Attempts to alter renal homograft rejection by induction of antilymphocyte autoimmunity

An attempt was made to create an active antilymphocytic immunity in dogs. Pooled niesenteric canine lymph nodes were harvested, processed, and coupled via bis-diazobenzidine to heterologous (rabbit, horse, cow, and human) gamma-globulin. Mongrel dogs were immunized by serial injection of this material. There was a decrease in the absolute lymphocyte count in animals receiving lymph node tissue coupled with rabbit, horse, and bovine gamma-globulin; however, this decrease was insignificant statistically (0.2 > P > 0.1). Twenty-eight to thirty days following initiation of the immunization course, kidneys were exchanged in paired animals without any attempt at immunosuppression except for continuation of the immunization regimen. The average survival of the transplanted kidney and of the recipients was not significantly different from that of a control group of animals. Although there was no strong evidence of an active antilymphocytic immunity in the present study, modification of such a technique might prove effective as a means of prevention of homograft rejection or in creating autoimmunity to neoplasms of the leukocytes or solid tissue.
Effect of methylmercury on egg and juvenile viability in two populations of killifish Fundulus heteroclitus.

Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) eggs from a polluted creed (Piles Creek (PC)) and a relatively pristine estuary in Long Island (LI) were exposed for 20 min to various concentrations of methylmercuric chloride (MeHg) prior to combination with untreated sperm. PC killifish eggs showed a higher LC/sub 50/ value (1.7 mg/liter) than LI eggs (0.7 mg/liter). PC eggs that were fertilized by nontreated sperm after exposure to 1.0 or 2.5 mg/liter meHg and then placed in clean sea water (15 parts per thousand) for 1 week showed a 5 and 7% malformations of the embryos, respectively. However, exposure of LI eggs to 1.0 mg/liter prior to fertilization caused 32% malformations of the embryos, and at 2.5 mg/liter almost all the embryos died. The data indicate that LI killifish eggs are less tolerant to meHg than PC eggs. This is in keeping with previous data on embryonic tolerance to meHg in these two populations. However, 96-hr LC/sub 50/ values of juvenile fish (25-45 mm standard length) did not differ between these two populations.
Preventing depression: A review of cognitive-behavioral and family interventions

Abstract Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders. It is associated with tremendous costs in terms of suffering, decrease in productivity, and loss of life. For many individuals, depression is a disorder that will recur throughout life. Recent findings suggest that the prevalence of depression is on the rise, particularly in young people. Clearly, depression prevention is an important goal. Can depression be prevented? In this article we review research on interventions designed to prevent episodes and symptoms of unipolar depression in adults and children. Our review focuses specifically on cognitive-behavioral and family interventions. We discuss what researchers have learned about the prevention of depression and conclude with recommendations for future investigations.
Multiplication of human enteroviruses in northern quahogs.

SummaryThree proflavine-labeled human enteroviruses were used to determine whether or not viral multiplication occurred in Northern quahogs. The results indicate that no multiplication occurred in these animals under the conditions tested. The virus isolated from quahogs at varying time intervals after inoculation represented persisting input virus.
Comparison of Heavier Versus Lighter Operatively Excised Stenotic Aortic Valves in Adults With Aortic Stenosis and Implications for Percutaneous Aortic Valve Implantation Without Replacement

To better understand aortic valves amenable to percutaneous aortic valve implantation, operatively excised stenotic aortic valves were examined and divided into 2 groups: heavier and lighter valves. Among 2,247 operatively excised stenotic aortic valves in adults aged >20 years without associated mitral stenosis or mitral valve replacement, 1,608 valves were weighed; 1,241 (77%) weighed 2 , p
Counterion Dynamics in Polyester-Sulfonate Ionomers with Ionic Liquid Counterions

Conventional sodium cations (Na+) in sulfonated polyester ionomers were replaced with ammonium-based ionic liquid counterions. Counterion dynamics were measured by dielectric spectroscopy and linear viscoelastic response via oscillatory shear. Ion exchange from sodium counterions to ionic liquid counterions such as tetramethylammonium and tetrabutylammonium showed an order of 104 increase in conductivity compared with sodium counterions, primarily attributed to weaker ionic interactions that lower the glass transition temperature. Electrode polarization was used in conjunction with the 1953 Macdonald model to determine the number density of conducting counterions and their mobility. Conductivity and mobility exhibit Vogel−Fulcher−Tammann (VFT) temperature dependences and both increased with counterion size. Conducting counterion concentrations showed Arrhenius temperature dependences, with activation energy reduced as counterion size increased. When ether−oxygen was incorporated into the mobile cation str...
The RNA Binding Protein RBM38 (RNPC1) Regulates Splicing during Late Erythroid Differentiation

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a prevalent mechanism in mammals that promotes proteomic diversity, including expression of cell-type specific protein isoforms. We characterized a role for RBM38 (RNPC1) in regulation of alternative splicing during late erythroid differentiation. We used an Affymetrix human exon junction (HJAY) splicing microarray to identify a panel of RBM38-regulated alternatively spliced transcripts. Using microarray databases, we noted high RBM38 expression levels in CD71+ erythroid cells and thus chose to examine RBM38 expression during erythroid differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells, detecting enhanced RBM38 expression during late erythroid differentiation. In differentiated erythroid cells, we validated a subset of RBM38-regulated splicing events and determined that RBM38 regulates activation of Protein 4.1R (EPB41) exon 16 during late erythroid differentiation. Using Epb41 minigenes, Rbm38 was found to be a robust activator of exon 16 splicing. To further address the mechanism of RBM38-regulated alternative splicing, a novel mammalian protein expression system, followed by SELEX-Seq, was used to identify a GU-rich RBM38 binding motif. Lastly, using a tethering assay, we determined that RBM38 can directly activate splicing when recruited to a downstream intron. Together, our data support the role of RBM38 in regulating alternative splicing during erythroid differentiation.
Synchronism in symmetric hyperchaotic systems

We demonstrate that for symmetric dynamical systems with an invariant subspace in which there is a chaotic attractor, synchronism between the transverse subsystem and its replica can be achieved in wide parameter regimes. The synchronism occurs in situations where the interaction between the invariant subsystem and the transverse subsystem can be either unidirectional or bidirectional, and the full system can possess more than one positive Lyapunov exponent. The idea is illustrated by a numerical example. @S1063-651X~97!51405-X#
Tympanogenic labyrinthitis and meningitis.

Otitis media can result in pathological changes not only in the middle ear but also the inner ear and meninges. Paparella et all have described silent otitis media as pathological conditions behind an intact tympanic membrane that may be “undetected” or “undetectable” especially in chronic cases. Evidence also indicates that insidious labyrinthine’ and meningitic changes3 can be associated with or result from silent otitis media. Cochlear dysfunction has been associated with chronic otitis media (COM), purulent otitis media (POM), and even otitis media with effusion by Paparella et a1,‘s4 English et a1,5 Munker,’ Arnold et a1,7 and Harada et al.’ It was shown by Paparella et al” that otitis media led to gross invasion through the round window and consequently resulted in complete cochlear deafness. Meningitis is the most common intracranial complication of otitis media.“*” It follows either an acute or chronic episode of otitis media. Inflammation of the meninges can occur by direct infection from the middle ear or by direct bony erosion. Hematogenous dissemination also plays an important role in bacterial meningitis.
Promoting Prosocial Behaviours among Preschool Children with and without Disabilities.

A multiple probe across subjects design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program on promoting prosocial behaviours among preschool children with and without disabilities. The intervention was carried out with three integrated groups of children, each comprised of one child with a disability and two peers without disabilities, created from three mainstreamed preschool classrooms. The intervention was successful in promoting increases in positive social interactions among the children with disabilities and their peers without disabilities. For two of the three groups the children with disabilities engaged in an equal or greater percentage of positive social initiations than their peers without disabilities. Increases in positive social responses to positive social initiations were similar for children with and without disabilities. Intervention phase behavioural changes generalised to both immediate group conditions, but did not generalise to deferred classroom conditions. Variabili...
Micromechanical response of mineral and collagen phases in bone

We report the first simultaneous quantification of Young's modulus in the separate material phases of bone: collagen and carbonated hydroxyapatite. High-energy X-ray scattering and in situ loading revealed macroscopic, mineral, and collagen Young's moduli (90% confidence limit) for a canine fibula equaled 24.7(0.2) GPa, 38.2(0.5) GPa {for 00.4 and 43.6(1.4) GPa for 22.2}, and 18(1.2) GPa, respectively. The mineral contained compressive residual stresses on the order of -60 to -80 MPa before loading and had a stress enhancement (ratio of internal to applied stress) between 2.0 and 2.3. The diffraction peak width increased with increasing applied stress, mainly along the bone's longitudinal direction, and peak widths returned to pre-deformation values when load was removed. In a second fibula section from the same animal, the mineral's internal stress changed from -50 MPa (22.2 reflection) to -75 MPa (00.4) just after removal from formalin to -10 MPa after eight hours immersion in phosphate-buffered saline; the corresponding change in collagen D-spacing DeltaD/D equaled 4.2x10(-3).
Laboratory Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Asphalt Pavement

In many states, the use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in surface, base, and sub-base courses is limited and large quantities of RAP aggregate remain unused. To explore the possibility of more or complete use of milled RAPs, it is necessary to study physical and mechanical properties of RAPs. In this study, RAPs from two sources were selected. Binder contents and properties of coarse and fine aggregates after removing asphalt binders were determined. RAPs were also tested for their maximum densities and California Bearing Ratios (CBRs). The influence of binder contents and aggregate properties on the physical and mechanical properties of RAPs was discussed. The binder content of RAPs was found to be higher than that in the original mix designs. The coarse aggregate angularity (CAA) of the RAPs was increased compared to that of the original mixes. The combined bulk specific gravities of aggregates from RAPs decreased slightly as compared with those in the original mixes. The percentage of fine particles in the RAPs was increased from that in the original mixes. The RAP with a higher binder content and a lower fine aggregate angularity had a higher optimum moisture content, a higher maximum dry density, and lower CBR values. The aggregates from the RAPs were not of uniform hardness based on the LA abrasion tests.
A numerical scheme for mixed boundary value problems in elasticity

Abstract A numerical scheme, based upon the Kobayashi-Tranter method with certain modifications, is given for axisymmetric punch and crack problems in elasticity. The problems are reduced to solving a system of linear algebraic equations instead of a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. A standard program thus allows the treatment of a range of different cases. The indentation of a rigid punch on an elastic layer overlying an elastic foundation is formulated in this fashion and numerical results for various cases are presented.
Chemistry and aquatic toxicity of raw oil shale leachates from piceance basin, Colorado

Leachates were collected during the period of 1981 to 1983 from several depths in two surface piles of raw, mined oil shale in the Piceance Basin of northwest Colorado. Although both piles were subject to similar climatic conditions, the composition of major inorganic ions in the leachates differed considerably because of different shale compositions. Acute toxicity to Daphnia magna and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) occurred when leachate conductivity exceeded 7,000 to 8,000 μmhos/cm and total dissolved solids exceeded 6 to 7 g/L (0.6 to 0.7% salt). D. magna were more sensitive than fathead minnows in acute toxicity tests, and D. magna 48-h LC50 values were as low as 13% of full-strength leachate. The lowest no observed effect concentration determined in D. magna 21-d chronic toxicity tests was 0.9% of full-strength leachate. Because of interactions among the major ions, the contributions to toxicity by trace elements and organic compounds in the oil shale leachates could not be differentiated from contributions by MgSO4, the major toxicant. This study demonstrated that toxic mechanisms occurring within complex chemical mixtures cannot always be identified on the basis of single-compound toxicity values, and that reconstituted mixtures of principal chemical components are useful in identifying toxicants and their interactions with other mixture constituents.
The business cycle and health behaviors

Abstract While it is well documented that economic expansions provide widespread and immediate financial benefits, the evidence on how an economic downturn affects individual's health behaviors is surprisingly mixed. In this paper, we take a structural approach to investigate the effects of wages and working hours on health behaviors of low-educated persons using variations in wages and hours caused by changes in local economic activity. In the empirical analysis, we adopt a two-sample instrumental variables approach to combine the data on individual health behaviors from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) with the data on individual employment from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The total sample size of the combined CPS-BRFSS data for the time period of 1984–2005 is 967,594, while that of the combined CPS-NHIS data for the time period of 1976–2001 is 364,078. We find that increases in wages caused by economic expansions are associated with greater consumption of cigarettes in the United States. We also find that increases in hours of work caused by economic expansions are associated with more cigarette consumption, but less physical activity and physician visits. More importantly, the evidence suggests that most of such effects associated with changes in hours of work can be attributed to the changes at the extensive margin of employment, meaning the changes in employment status, rather than the changes at the intensive margin, meaning changes in hours of work conditional on being employed. These findings imply that changes in employment may have heterogeneous impacts on time-intensive and less time-intensive health behaviors and also provide additional evidence on the importance of time in health production, particularly for time-intensive activities.
To Love, Honor, and Obey in Colonial Mexico: Conflicts over Marriage Choice, 1574-1821

To Love, Honor, and Obey in Colonial Mexico: Conflicts over Marriage Choice, 1574-1821. Patrica Seed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press,1988. xvi. 384 pp. $39.50 (cloth). ISBN 0-8047-1457-6.
The adaptive response to dietary zinc in mice involves the differential cellular localization and zinc regulation of the zinc transporters ZIP4 and ZIP5.

The ZIP5 gene encodes a protein closely related to ZIP4, a zinc transporter mutated in the human genetic disorder acrodermatitis enteropathica. Herein, we demonstrate that mouse ZIP5 and ZIP4 genes are co-expressed in several tissues involved in zinc homeostasis (intestine, pancreas, embryonic yolk sac). However, unlike expression of the ZIP4 gene, which is induced during periods of zinc deficiency, ZIP5 gene expression is unaltered by dietary zinc. Immunohistochemistry localizes ZIP5 to the basolateral surfaces of enterocytes, acinar cells, and visceral endoderm cells in mice fed a zinc-adequate diet. However, this protein is removed from these cell surfaces and internalized during dietary zinc deficiency. In contrast, ZIP4 is induced and recruited to the apical surface of enterocytes and endoderm cells during zinc deficiency. In the pancreas, ZIP4 is expressed in β-cells, whereas ZIP5 is expressed in acinar cells. These results suggest that the function of ZIP5 is antagonistic to that of ZIP4 in the control of zinc homeostasis; rather than functioning in the acquisition of dietary zinc, as does ZIP4, ZIP5 may function in the removal of zinc from the body. Thus, during periods when dietary zinc is replete, ZIP5 may function to remove zinc from the blood via the pancreas and intestine, the major sites of zinc excretion in mammals, whereas the acquisition of dietary zinc by intestinal ZIP4 would be minimal. In contrast, during periods of dietary zinc deficiency when secretion of zinc by the pancreas and intestine is minimized, ZIP5 is removed from the cell surface, and the intestinal uptake of zinc is augmented by induction of ZIP4.
SSR Variation in Important U.S. Maize Inbred Lines

Historically important public inbred lines continue to play an important role in maize (Zea mays L.) improvement in many different breeding programs. Their continued use means they have undergone numerous seed increases in diverse programs since their original release. Our objective was to estimate the level of genetic diversity among and within inbred lines from different sources using SSR markers. We sampled six inbred lines (B73, CM105, Mo17, Oh43, W153R, and Wf9) obtained from 14 sources (breeding programs). The data were analyzed by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), genetic diversity statistics, and genetic distance (Dice's coefficient). Of the total variation observed in gene frequency, 87.8% was found among inbred lines, 7.6% among sources within inbred lines, and 4.6% within sources. Genotypes of identically named inbred lines from eight different sources differed slightly on the basis of 44 SSR loci. The mean genetic similarity between sources of the same inbred was greater than 85%. It can be concluded that although more diversity exists among these six inbred lines than within them, a small but significant amount of variation exists among seed sources within inbreds. This variation may have arisen through differences in seed maintenance, since we found no evidence to suggest high mutation rates or extensive outcrossing. The small but statistically significant level of variation raises concerns in germplasm conservation, mapping studies, marker development, and long-term recombinant inbred line development, especially when high resolution is desired.
TPA has no influence on the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in cultured adult cardiac muscle cells

The effect of a tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), on the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in cultured rat cardiac ventricular muscle cells was studied. The previous preliminary report [Claycomb WC (1988): "Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes." In Clark WA, Decker RS, Borg TK (eds): New York: Elsevier, pp 284-287] indicated that TPA turns off the expression of myosin heavy chain genes in cultured adult cardiac myocytes. Electrophoretic and immunocytochemical analyses were carried out in the present studies. The myosin heavy chain isoform profiles of cardiac myocytes exposed to TPA at concentrations of 50-250 ng/ml culture medium for varying periods were similar to those of controls that were grown in the absence of TPA, showing predominant isoform V1. Immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal antibodies to cardiac ventricular isomyosin revealed the structural organization of myosin in TPA-treated cells. The organization of myosin was variable among different myocytes and within a single myocyte. Immunofluorescence microscopy was extended to the examination of the organization of alpha-actinin which did not differ from that of myosin in some myocytes. In contrast to the previous report [Claycomb, 1988], this study has demonstrated that TPA has no influence on the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in cultured adult ventricular cardiac muscle cells.
Using re-voting to reduce the threat of coercion in elections

Voter coercion, such as vote buying, has been minimised for decades with the private voting booth. Cellphone videos, absentee ballots, voter receipts and internet voting re-introduce the possibility of coercion because they are methods to prove a vote. This article presents a mathematical model of the voting process to show that giving voters the option to re-vote removes this proof because an observed vote is not necessarily final. Re-voting can also be used to spot threats such as viruses and Trojan horses that subvert voting machines. Re-voting mechanisms require cryptography techniques to separate user identifiers from votes cast, enabling the system to track votes by time without providing the specific identity of the user or the details of the vote cast. Mix-nets and homomorphic encryption provide the necessary tools.
Nonradiative Quenching of Fluorescence in a Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube: A Time-Domain Ab Initio Study

As shown experimentally, strong nonradiative decay channels exist in carbon nanotubes (CNT) and are responsible for low fluorescence yields. The decay of the electronic excitation to its ground state is simulated in the (6,4) semiconducting CNT with surface hopping in the Kohn-Sham representation, providing a unique time-domain atomistic description of fluorescence quenching. The decay in the ideal CNT is estimated to occur on a 150 ps time scale and is only weakly dependent on temperature. Vibrationally induced decoherence strongly influences the electronic relaxation. Defects decrease the excited state lifetime to tens of picoseconds, rationalizing the multiple decay time scales seen in experiments.
Gynecologic health care of women with disabilities.

Information about their gynecologic health care was obtained from 55 women with acquired and congenital disabilities, 42% of whom were disabled after menarche. Although 91% of the entire group had received breast and pelvic examinations and Papanicolaou smears since their disability, only 18.8% had received counseling about sexuality and 64.6% had received information about contraception. However, those disabled after menarche were significantly less likely (P = .001) to be satisfied with the counseling or method they received. Women with paralysis, impaired motor function, obvious physical deformity were rarely offered contraceptive information or methods. These findings may be related in part to the characteristics of the patient group. However, we suggest that special attention needs to be directed to those disabled after menarche with respect to issues such as sexuality and contraception. This can be accomplished in part through improved education of health professionals regarding the various aspects of gynecologic health care for the disabled.
Adjunctive Pain Control Methods Lower Narcotic Use and Pain Scores for Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion

Abstract Study Design This was a retrospective review of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF). Objectives To determine whether the use of adjunctive pain medications (bupivacaine pump, dexmedetomidine, and ketorolac) will reduce the need for opioids, reduce postoperative pain, and shorten length of hospital stay in patients with AIS undergoing PSF. Summary of Background Data Posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation for AIS can cause significant postoperative pain. Adjunctive pain control modalities, including the use of ketorolac, dexmedetomidine, and subcutaneous bupivacaine pumps, all can lessen the effects of postoperative pain. Methods Retrospective review of adolescents aged 10–18 years with AIS receiving PSF surgery over the past 10 years at a tertiary care children's hospital. All patients with AIS undergoing PSF were included in the study. Patients older than 18 or younger than 10 years and those undergoing PSF for other diagnoses, including neuromuscular scoliosis, congenital scoliosis, and kyphosis, were excluded from the study. Patients' pain was managed postoperatively with adjunctive medications in addition to intravenous and oral opioids. Variables of interest were local anesthetic bupivacaine delivered through a subcutaneous pump, sedative/analgesic dexmedetomidine, and ketorolac. Primary outcomes analyzed were normalized opioid requirement after surgery, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, and length of stay in the hospital. Results A total of 196 children were analyzed with no significant differences in demographics. Univariate analysis showed that all 3 adjunct medications improved outcomes. A multivariate regression model of the outcomes with respect to the 3 medication variables of interest was built, showing that the bupivacaine pump significantly reduced normalized opioid requirement by 0.98 mg/kg (p = .001) and reduced VAS pain scores by 0.67 points (p = .004). Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the average VAS pain scores in the first 24 hours by 0.62 points (p = .005). Conclusions Use of the bupivacaine pump provided improved analgesia with lower pain scores, lower opioid requirements, and a lower length of stay.
Lipoprotein levels in morbidly obese patients with massive, surgically-induced weight loss.

Abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism are among the risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease frequently present in patients with morbid obesity. We have examined the effects of dietary restriction induced by gastric bypass surgery on plasma lipoprotein levels in 22 morbidly obese patients. Operation induced weight loss in all patients. Postoperatively (12 +/− 7 mo), triglycerides decreased from 146.4 +/− 67 (mean +/− S.D. before operation) to 104 +/− 44 mg/dl (p < 0.01), total cholesterol decreased from 187 +/− 52 to 166 +/− 39 mg/dl (p < 0.025), LDL cholesterol levels decreased from 119 +/− 42 to 104 +/− 36 mg/dl (p < 0.038), and HDL cholesterol levels increased from 40.1 +/− 10.1 to 45.2 +/− 9.5 mg/dl (p < 0.012). HDL cholesterol to LDL cholesterol ratio increased from 0.37 +/− 0.13 to 0.48 +/− 0.21 (p < 0.01). The results of apo A-1, A-2 and B determinations (n = 12) paralleled the changes in lipoprotein levels. Apo A1Apo A2 ratio increased suggesting an increase in the concentration of HDL2. We conclude that weight loss following gastric bypass surgery is associated with favorable changes in lipoprotein metabolism which may help prevent or delay the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The mechanism responsible for the lipoprotein changes remains to be determined.
Consequences of alcohol-induced early dysregulation of responses to trauma/hemorrhage

Acute alcohol intoxication is a frequent underlying condition associated with traumatic injury. Studies from our laboratory have been designed to examine the early hemodynamic, proinflammatory, and neuroendocrine alterations in responses to hemorrhagic shock in surgically catheterized, conscious, unrestrained, male Sprague-Dawley rats during acute alcohol intoxication (1.75-g/kg bolus, followed by a constant 15-h infusion at a rate of 250-300 mg/kg/h). With both fixed-pressure (40 mm Hg) and fixed-volume (50%) hemorrhagic shock, followed by fluid resuscitation with Ringer's lactate, acute (15 h) alcohol intoxication has been shown to impair significantly the immediate hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory counterregulatory responses to hemorrhagic shock. Alcohol intoxication enhanced hemodynamic instability during blood loss and impaired the recovery of mean arterial blood pressure during fluid resuscitation. Activation of neuroendocrine pathways involved in restoring hemodynamic stability was significantly attenuated in alcohol-intoxicated hemorrhaged animals. The hemodynamic and neuroendocrine impairment is associated with enhanced expression of lung and spleen tumor necrosis factor, and it suppressed circulating neutrophil function. In addition, neuroimmune regulation of cytokine production by spleen-derived macrophages obtained from alcohol-intoxicated hemorrhaged animals was impaired when examined in vitro. We hypothesize that impaired neuroendocrine activation contributes to hemodynamic instability, which, in turn, prolongs tissue hypoperfusion and enhances risk for tissue injury. Specifically, the early dysregulation in counterregulatory responses is hypothesized to affect host defense mechanisms during the recovery period. We examined host response to systemic (cecal ligation and puncture) and localized (pneumonia) infectious challenge in animals recovering from hemorrhage during acute alcohol intoxication. Increased morbidity and mortality from infection were observed in alcohol-intoxicated hemorrhaged animals. Our results indicate that alcohol-induced alterations in early hemodynamic and neuroimmune responses to shock have an impact on susceptibility to an infectious challenge during the early recovery period.
Proteolytic Cleavage of Human Acid-sensing Ion Channel 1 by the Serine Protease Matriptase

Acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) is a H+-gated channel of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC)/degenerin family. ASIC1 is expressed mostly in the central and peripheral nervous system neurons. ENaC and ASIC function is regulated by several serine proteases. The type II transmembrane serine protease matriptase activates the prototypical αβγENaC channel, but we found that matriptase is expressed in glioma cells and its expression is higher in glioma compared with normal astrocytes. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that matriptase regulates ASIC1 function. Matriptase decreased the acid-activated ASIC1 current as measured by two-electrode voltage clamp in Xenopus oocytes and cleaved ASIC1 expressed in oocytes or CHO K1 cells. Inactive S805A matriptase had no effect on either the current or the cleavage of ASIC1. The effect of matriptase on ASIC1 was specific, because it did not affect the function of ASIC2 and no matriptase-specific ASIC2 fragments were detected in oocytes or in CHO cells. Three matriptase recognition sites were identified in ASIC1 (Arg-145, Lys-185, and Lys-384). Site-directed mutagenesis of these sites prevented matriptase cleavage of ASIC1. Our results show that matriptase is expressed in glioma cells and that matriptase specifically cleaves ASIC1 in heterologous expression systems.
UNIDIRECTIONALIZATION OF HAMILTONIAN WAVES

Abstract We show how the restriction of certain bidirectional hamiltonian systems modelling nonlinear, one-dimensional wave propagation to waves moving in a single direction preserves the hamiltonian structure, even though the perturbation expansion of the bidirectional hamiltonian is not correct. A combination of the two approaches of direct hamiltonian perturbation theory and the method of multiple scales helps explain the apperance of integrable bihamiltonian wave models.
The Structure of the Homunculus. I. Shape and Latitude Dependence from H2 and [Fe II] Velocity Maps of η Carinae

High-resolution long-slit spectra obtained with the Phoenix spectrograph on Gemini South provide our most accurate probe of the three-dimensional structure of the Homunculus Nebula around η Carinae. The new near-infrared spectra dramatically confirm the double-shell structure inferred previously from thermal dust emission, resolving the nebula into a very thin outer shell seen in H2 and a warmer, thicker inner layer seen in [Fe II]. The remarkably thin and uniform H 2 skin hints that the most important mass loss during the 19th century eruption had a very short duration of 5 yr. H2 emission traces the majority of the more than 10 M☉ of material in the nebula and has an average density of order nH 106.5 cm-3. This emission, in turn, yields our first definitive picture of the exact shape of the nebula, plus a distance of 2350 ± 50 pc and an inclination angle of ~41°. The distribution of the H2 emission provides the first measure of the latitude dependence of the speed, mass loss, and kinetic energy associated with η Car's 19th century explosion. Almost 75% of the total mass and more than 90% of the kinetic energy in the ejecta were released at high latitudes between 45° and the polar axis. This rules out a model for the bipolar shape in which an otherwise spherical explosion was pinched at the waist by a circumstellar torus. Instead, most of the mass appears to have been directed poleward by the explosion itself. H2 emission also provides our first reliable picture of the critical innermost waist of the Homunculus, yielding clues to the observed morphology of the core and the more extended equatorial debris.
Sleep EEG abnormalities in children with near-miss sudden infant death syndrome, in siblings, and in infants with recurrent apnea.

Electroencephalograms during light sleep were performed in controls and in infants with near-misssudden infant death syndrome, in siblings of such infants, and in infants with recurrent apnea, all from 2 to 8 months of age. EEG background and multiple sleep spindle characteristics were compared for individual children in each of these groups. From 2 to 6 months of age, but not later, all at-risk groups differed from controls by the presence of excessive variability of sleep spindle frequency during sleep recordings. However, the three groups at risk for SIDS did not significantly differ from each other. It is concluded that careful analysis of routine sleep EEGs may in some cases help differentiate young infants at risk for apnea or SIDS from normal children.
A history and philosophy of the social sciences

Peter Manicas argues that ideology is the defining characteristic of the social sciences in this critical review of the discipline. In particular, he contends that social science was originally based on a false ideal of science and that the historical assumptions of social science are in general, too "Eurocentric". It deals first with the history of key ideas from the early modern period - from Hobbes and Rousseau to Quine, Kuhn and Popper - before exploring the institutional and social features which have shaped the emergence of modern social science. He then reveals the ideological component of mainstream social science, suggesting an alternative philosophy for the future. The volume is relevant to students in all social science disciplines.
Bladder Wall Pedicle Wraparound Sling for Neurogenic Urinary Incontinence in Children

AbstractPurpose: To improve the results of current bladder neck reconstruction a modification was developed to provide tapering, circumferential compression and suspension of the bladder neck.Materials and Methods: Nine female and 15 male patients with spinal dysraphism and incontinence, despite intermittent catheterization and pharmacotherapy, and low outlet resistance underwent surgery. The procedure involves wrapping a pedicle strip of anterior bladder wall around the bladder neck and suspending it to the pubic symphysis.Results: All 9 girls are completely continent, whereas 10 boys are dry and 5 have stress incontinence after 9 to 14 months of followup. Subjective symptoms correlate with changes in leak point pressure.Conclusions: This technique is an efficacious addition to bladder augmentation in female patients with poor compliance and low outlet resistance.
Some observations on kinetic and steric limitations to specific interactions in miscible polymer blends

Application de la spectroscopie IR a la determination de la proportion des groupes ester de la poly(e-caprolactone) qui sont impliques dans des interactions specifiques avec les groupes hydroxyle du poly(hydroxy-2 propyl ether de bisphenol A) dans une serie de melanges miscibles des deux polymeres
Effects of enflurane and isoflurane on resistance to reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid in dogs

Using the technique of ventriculocisternal perfusion, resistance to reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid (Ra) was calculated from determinations of the rate of reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid (Va) at differing cerebrospinal fluid pressures in dogs. Ra was examined during prolonged anesthesia (5.0-6.0 h) with enflurane (2.2%, end expired) or isoflurane (1.4%, end expired). Compared with previously reported normal values for Ra in dogs (220-224 cmH2O . ml-1 . min), enflurane increased Ra to 274 +/- 4 cmH2O . ml-1 . min (mean +/- SEM), and isoflurane decreased Ra to 104 +/- 1 cmH2O . ml-1 . min. The alterations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics caused by enflurane, namely increase of both Ra and the rate of production of cerebrospinal fluid (Vf), may contribute to the sustained increase of intracranial pressure observed during prolonged anesthesia with enflurane. In contrast, the different alterations of CSF dynamics caused by isoflurane, namely decrease of Ra with no change in Vf, may explain, in part, why minimal increase of intracranial pressure is observed during prolonged anesthesia with isoflurane. Because decreased Ra improves spatial compensation by cerebrospinal fluid volume for increased intracranial pressure, isoflurane may offer an advantage over enflurane in patients at risk because of increased intracranial pressure.
Electronic order request submission at UF libraries: Three pilot programs

Abstract This paper deals with three online selection/order pilot programs conducted in the Acquisitions Department at the University of Florida Libraries between 1989 and 1991. The first two projects explore the possible real-time generation of order requests and the desirability of updating the status of the order requests in the preorder stage. The methodology used in these two projects was (1) transmission of order requests from selectors to the Searching Unit of the Acquisitions Department via the NOTIS online library system and (2) online communication between selectors and the Searching Unit staff regarding the searching status prior to order creation. The third pilot investigates the feasibility of nonlinear file manipulation and report generation in the preorder stage. Double Helix, a Macintosh-based relational database program was used to test its ability to create reports needed by collection management and acquisitions staff. The benefits and limitations of the three pilot programs and future plans are also reported.
CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT VALUE AND CHOICE

The delay-reduction hypothesis of conditioned reinforcement states that the reinforcing value of a food-associated stimulus is determined by the delay to primary reinforcement signaled by the onset of the stimulus relative to the average delay to primary reinforcement in the conditioning situation. In contrast, most contemporary models of conditioned reinforcement strength posit that the reinforcing strength of a stimulus is some simple function only of the delay to primary reinforcement in the presence of stimulus. The delay-reduction hypothesis diverges from other conditioned reinforcement models in that it predicts that a fixed-duration food-paired stimulus will have different reinforcing values depending on the frequency of its presentation. In Experiment 1, pigeons' key pecks were reinforced according to concurrent-chains schedules with variable-interval 10-second and variable-interval 20-second terminal-link schedules. The initial-link schedule preceding the shorter terminal link was always variable-interval 60 seconds, and the initial-link schedule requirement preceding the longer terminal link was varied between 1 second and 60 seconds across conditions. In Experiment 2, the initial-link schedule preceding the longer of two terminal links was varied for each of three groups of pigeons. The terminal links of the concurrent chains for the three groups were variable-interval 10 seconds and 20 seconds, variable-interval 10 seconds and 30 seconds, and variable-interval 30 seconds and 50 seconds. In both experiments, preference for the shorter terminal link was either a bitonic function or an inverse function of the initial-link schedule preceding the longer terminal-link schedule. Consistent with the predictions of the delay-reduction hypothesis, the relative values of the terminal-link stimuli changed as a function of the overall frequency of primary reinforcement. Vaughan's (1985) melioration model, which was shown to be formally similar to Squires and Fantino's (1971) delay-reduction model, can be modified so as to predict these results without changing its underlying assumptions.
Introduction: Reconsidering Lynching

I was twenty years old when I decided to devote myself to the study of lynching and mob violence in the United States. Although I had loved history for years, my initial major at the University of ...