cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analytical Methods for Determination of Neat and Microencapsulated Trichloroethylene in Dosing Vehicles and Whole Blood

Gas chromatographic methodologies were developed for the analysis of microencapsulated trichloroethylene (TRI) in corn oil end feed dosage formulations as well as neat TRI in corn oil and whole blood. Recovery, precision, linearity, and the appropriateness of a linear regression model were evaluated for each method. In all cases recovery was >96% and linearity of the standard curves was confirmed. Good precision and chromatographic resolution were obtained for all samples analyzed.
Characterization of heterologous multigene operons in transgenic chloroplasts: transcription, processing, and translation.

The first characterization of transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational processes of heterologous operons expressed via the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) chloroplast genome is reported here. Northern-blot analyses performed on chloroplast transgenic lines harboring seven different heterologous operons revealed that polycistronic mRNA was the predominant transcript produced. Despite the lack of processing of such polycistrons, large amounts of foreign protein accumulation was observed in these transgenic lines, indicating abundant translation of polycistrons. This is supported by polysome fractionation assays, which allowed detection of polycistronic RNA in lower fractions of the sucrose gradients. These results show that the chloroplast posttranscriptional machinery can indeed detect and translate multigenic sequences that are not of chloroplast origin. In contrast to native transcripts, processed and unprocessed heterologous polycistrons were stable, even in the absence of 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). Unlike native 5′UTRs, heterologous secondary structures or 5′UTRs showed efficient translational enhancement independent of cellular control. Abundant read-through transcripts were observed in the presence of chloroplast 3′UTRs but they were efficiently processed at introns present within the native operon. Heterologous genes regulated by the psbA (the photosystem II polypeptide D1) promoter, 5′ and 3′UTRs have greater abundance of transcripts than the endogenous psbA gene because transgenes were integrated into the inverted repeat region. Addressing questions about polycistrons, and the sequences required for their processing and transcript stability, are essential in chloroplast metabolic engineering. Knowledge of such factors would enable engineering of foreign pathways independent of the chloroplast complex posttranscriptional regulatory machinery.
Fed levels of amino acids are required for the somatotropin-induced increase in muscle protein synthesis.

Chronic somatotropin (pST) treatment in pigs increases muscle protein synthesis and circulating insulin, a known promoter of protein synthesis. Previously, we showed that the pST-mediated rise in i...
p-adic Banach space operators and adelic Banach space operators

In this paper, we study non-Archimedean Banach \(*\)-algebras \(\frak{M}_{p}\) over the \(p\)-adic number fields \(\mathbb{Q}_{p}\), and \(\frak{M}_{\mathbb{Q}}\) over the adele ring \(\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}}\). We call elements of \(\frak{M}_{p}\), \(p\)-adic operators, for all primes \(p\), respectively, call those of \(\frak{M}_{\mathbb{Q}}\), adelic operators. We characterize \(\frak{M}_{ \mathbb{Q}}\) in terms of \(\frak{M}_{p}\)'s. Based on such a structure theorem of \(\frak{M}_{\mathbb{Q}}\), we introduce some interesting \(p\)-adic operators and adelic operators.
Starvation in the midst of cardiopulmonary bypass: diabetic ketoacidosis during cardiac surgery.

m f c e CARDIAC SURGICAL PATIENTS require vigilant monitoring of metabolic status before, during, and after cariopulmonary bypass (CPB). Serial arterial blood gases allow or the simultaneous assessment and treatment of metabolic bnormalities caused by underlying medical conditions or hyoperfusion. In this review, a patient is described who was ound to have metabolic acidosis after the induction of aneshesia because of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Although unxplained metabolic acidosis can be caused by DKA, no preious reports of perioperative DKA have been described in the iterature. A 71-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with evere multivessel coronary artery disease with a normal jection fraction. Because of ongoing angina, an intra-aortic alloon pump was placed, and coronary artery bypass surery was scheduled for the next day. She had type 1 diabees, which was diagnosed at the age of 38. Her glycemic ontrol had improved substantially since being started on a umalog (insulin lispro; Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, IN) ubcutaneous insulin pump (basal rate of 4.5 U/h) with her ost recent hemoglobin A1c at 6.9%. Her insulin pump was iscontinued at midnight and her blood glucose treated with n intravenous insulin sliding scale. Her glucose peaked at 80 mg/dL at 5:30 AM for which she received 8 U of insulin. Her glucose before surgery (7:00 AM) was 169 mg/dL. On the day of surgery, the induction of general anesthesia was uneventful. Her initial blood gas after intubation (Table 1) revealed hyperglycemia (234 mg/dL) and metabolic acidosis. A broad differential diagnosis was considered (Table 2). Abdominal and lower-extremity hypoperfusion from the intra-aortic balloon pump was considered, but lactate levels remained normal and there was no clinical evidence of lower-extremity hypoperfusion. On CPB, her blood gas results (Table 1) showed a worsening acidosis and increasing
The Effects of Silicon Source Gas on PECVD SiO2 Properties

Silicon dioxide was plasma-deposited at 300C using either the reaction of silane and nitrous oxide or the reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate with oxygen. The structural and electronic properties of films produced by both reactions were studied as functions of post-deposition heat treatments. The former reaction produced films which were more dense and less conductive than the latter. A model was developed to determine the amount and location of charge in the deposited films. The charge was found to be dependent on the reaction and the post-deposition anneal.
Corporate Cash Holdings and Political Connections

We examine the relation between corporate liquidity and political connections measured via lobbying expenditures. This is an interesting question as many of the motives for holding cash should be diminished by political connections. Results suggest a significant and inverse relation between cash levels and lobby expenses and that the marginal value of cash decreases with lobbying. Taken together, these results suggest firms react optimally to the reduced benefits of cash linked to political connections and that the market appears to recognize the weakened benefits of cash. Overall, our research shows another way political connections can shape corporate policy.
Nonanemic Patients Do Not Benefit from Autologous Blood Donation Before Total Knee Replacement

A retrospective analysis of 221 patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty between January 2007 and April 2008 was performed to look at rates of total transfusions, allogenic transfusions, and autogenic transfusions. Two senior surgeons performed all the surgeries. During that period, patients in group A (129 patients) all donated one unit of autologous blood and patients in group B (92 patients) did not donate. Within both groups, patients were further divided by preoperative hemoglobin level as either anemic or non-anemic. A hemoglobin of 12.5 g/dL was used as the cutoff. Ninety-eight patients in group A (76%) required autologous blood. Patients in group A received a higher total number of transfusions (0.93 per patient) than those in group B (0.33 per patient; p < 0.001). The rate of allogenic transfusion was lower for group A (14%) than for group B (25%; p < 0.033). The reduction of allogenic transfusions associated with preoperative autologous blood donation was confined to anemic patients (29% in group A vs 72% in group B; p = 0.0006). There was no difference in allogenic blood transfusions in non-anemic patients between group A (8%) and group B (9%; p = 0.91). Limiting autologous blood donation to anemic patients decreased cost compared to routine autologous blood donation (US $256.63/patient versus US $511.44/patient) without exposing patients to increased allogenic blood transfusions. Targeted blood management in total knee replacement surgery decreases transfusion rates and reduces cost.
Aflibercept treatment for patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration who were incomplete responders to multiple ranibizumab injections (TURF trial)

Aim To determine the efficacy of 2.0 mg aflibercept in the management of patients with recalcitrant exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods In this prospective, open-label, single-arm clinical trial, patients were seen monthly and given mandatory 2.0 mg aflibercept at baseline, months 1, 2 and 4. Pro re nata (PRN) retreatment at months 3 and 5 was performed upon evidence of disease on spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). End point at month 6: mean change in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study best corrected visual acuity (ETDRS BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST), mean number of aflibercept injections, percentage of PRN injections required, patients with no fluid on SD
Some Optimization Problems with Bulk-Service Queues†

An optimal control problem for a single bulk-service queue is considered. Theorems that characterize the optimal control strategy in some circumstances are proved; they complement earlier results by Deb and Serfozo for a comparable problem. Most of the analysis uses direct probabilistic reasoning rather than specialized methods such as dynamic programming. Some illustrative examples are presented.
Acute Drug Reactions and Anaphylaxis

Although allergic reactions to antineoplastic agents in general are uncommon, some agents do cause allergic reactions with a reported incidence as high as 40%.1,2 As the use of antineoplastic agents increases, it can be expected that the number of allergic reactions to these drugs will also increase.
A detection advantage for facial threat in the absence of anger

Quickly and accurately perceiving the potential for aggression in others is adaptive and beneficial for self-protection. Superior detection of facial threat is demonstrated by studies in which transient threat indices (i.e., angry expressions) are identified more efficiently than are transient approach indices (i.e., happy expressions). Not all signs of facial threat are temporary, however: Persistent, biologically based craniofacial attributes (e.g., low eyebrow ridge) are also associated with a perceived propensity for aggression. It remains unclear whether such static properties of the face elicit comparable attentional biases. We used a novel visual search task of faces for the present study that lacked explicit displays of emotion, but varied on perceived threat via manipulated craniofacial structure. A search advantage for threatening facial elements surfaced, suggesting that efficient detection of threat is not limited to the perception of anger, but rather extends to more latent facial signals of aggressive potential. Although all stimuli were primarily identified as emotionally neutral, thus confirming that the effect does not require emotional content, individual variation in the perception of structurally threatening faces as angry was associated with a greater detection advantage. These results indicate that attributing anger to objectively emotionless faces may serve as a mechanism for their heightened salience and influence important facets of social perception and interaction.
Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics Study of siRNA-loaded Anti-NTSR1-mAb-functionalized Novel Hybrid Nanoparticles in a Metastatic Orthotopic Murine Lung Cancer Model

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is effective in silencing critical molecular pathways in cancer. The use of this tool as a treatment modality is limited by lack of an intelligent carrier system to enhance the preferential delivery of this molecule to specific targets in vivo. In the present study, the in vivo behavior of novel anti-NTSR1-mAb-functionalized antimutant K-ras siRNA-loaded hybrid nanoparticles, delivered by i.p. injection to non-small-cell lung cancer in mice models, was investigated and compared to that of a naked siRNA formulation. The siRNA in anti-NTSR1-mAb-functionalized hybrid nanoparticles was preferentially accumulated in tumor-bearing lungs and metastasized tumor for at least 48 hours while the naked siRNA formulation showed lack of preferential accumulation in all of the organs monitored. The plasma terminal half-life of nanoparticle-delivered siRNA was 11 times higher (17–1.5 hours) than that of the naked siRNA formulation. The mean residence time and AUClast were 3.4 and 33 times higher than the corresponding naked siRNA formulation, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the hybrid nanoparticle carrier system protected the encapsulated siRNA against degradation in vivo. Our novel anti-NTSR1-mAb-functionalized hybrid nanoparticles provide a useful platform for in vivo targeting of siRNA for both experimental and clinical purposes.
Splash flow from a metal plate hit by an electron beam pulse

When a pulsed electron beam hits a metal plate with sufficient energy a volume of the metal becomes hot fluid that subsequently sprays out of the plate. A second pulse of electrons traveling toward the plate would scatter and degrade before impacting the solid plate because of its encounter with the diffuse material of the initial splash. People designing electron beam machines for use as pulsed radiation sources wish to eliminate the interaction between the electrons and the splash because they want sharp radiation pulses emitted from the solid plate. This report presents a compressible fluid model of this splash flow and compares specific cases with experiments and comprehensive calculations performed by B. DeVolder and others at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, see reference (1). My aim was to develop as simple a theory as possible to calculate the speed and density of the splash flow. I have used both simplifying assumptions and mathematical approximations to develop convenient formulas. As I wished to make a clear and interesting presentation of this work to a diverse audience that includes people outside the specialty of fluid dynamics, some of my descriptions may seem wordier than necessary. The plan of the report is as follows. In the section called ``energy deposition`` I describe how an electron beam deposits energy in a solid plate, converting some of the material into a hot fluid. The initial temperature of this fluid is the key parameter in determining the nature of the subsequent flow; an explicit formula is shown. Flow occurs in two regions: along a streamtube within the metal plate and as an expanding plume outside the metal plate. Flow within the plate is described in the section called ``isentropic flow.`` This flow occurs as expansion waves move at the speed of sound through the streamtube. The analysis of this flow provides a formula for the mass flow over time from the plate into the external splash. The section called ``centered expansion`` elaborates on the nature of certain approximations I have made in treating the wave phenomena in both the streamtube and splash flows. The section called ``splash flow`` presents a formula to describe the material density as a function of space and time outside the plate. This formula depends on the time- dependent material density at the plate, which was found during the streamtube analysis. The section called ``examples`` shows the results of specific calculations and a comparison to computational and experimental results described in reference (1). The final section, ``possible future work,`` poses new questions.
State-Dependent Nickel Block of a High-Voltage–Activated Neuronal Calcium Channel

McFarlane, Matthew B. and William F. Gilly. State-dependent nickel block of a high-voltage–activated neuronal calcium channel. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1678–1685, 1998. Effects of nickel ions (Ni2+) on...
Synthesis and molecular structures of mercury(II) complexes of carbamoylmethylphosphoryl ligands

The reactions of carbamoylmethylphosphonates (CMP) and carbamoylmethylphosphine oxides (CMPO) with mercuric nitrate typically result in deprotonation of the methylene carbon atom spanning the phosp...
Establishing a Public Health Risk Assessment Indicator System for Mass Gatherings

[Objective] To identify public health hazards and related sources in mass gatherings and to select objective indicators for public health risk assessment.[Methods] A two-round Delphi consultation was conducted to establish a two-level indicator system.[Results] The indicator system for public health risk assessment of mass gatherings was constituted of 4 first-level and 17 second-level indicators.The first-level indicators were likelihood of public health incident,impact or result of incident,human vulnerability,and adaptive capacity.Risk was calculated according to the following formula: p(R)= k[p(H)×p(V)]-AC.After two rounds of consultation,the variation coefficients of necessity of all secondary indicators were less than 0.25;however,the variation coefficients of availability were found more than 0.25 in 9 sceondary indicators.[Conclusion] The risk assessment indicator system reduces the subjectivity of individual experts reviewing.The system has the potential to apply in a wider range of mass gatherings.The involvement of capacity to prevent and respond to public health incidents improves scientific assessments and practical actions.
Predicting Advanced Prostate Cancer Endpoints from Early Indications via Transductive Semi-Supervised Regression

Prostate cancer is a complex disease which advances in stages. While clinical failure (including metastasis) is a significant endpoint following a radical prostatectomy, it can often take years to manifest, usually too late to be optimistically treated. Instead the earlier endpoint of PSA Recurrence is frequently used as a surrogate in prognostic modeling. The central issue in these models is managing censored observations which challenge traditional regression techniques. The true target times of a majority of instances are unknown, what is known is a censored target representing some earlier indeterminate time. In this work we apply a novel transduction approach for semi-supervised survival analysis which has previously been shown to be powerful in medical prognosis. The approach considers censored samples as semi-supervised regression targets leveraging the partial nature of unsupervised information. In this work, the approach leads to a significant increase in performance for predicting advanced prostate cancer from earlier endpoints and may also be useful in other diseases for predicting advanced endpoints from earlier stages.
Structural soil crust development from raindrop impacts using two-dimensional discrete element method

The mechanical nature of crust formation as a result of raindrop impacts was simulated within a discrete element modeling environment. Simulations were conducted in two-dimensions (2D) using both linear and non-linear elastic contact models. The 2D approach was found to minimize the computational effort required and maximize the number of particles in the soil profile. For the non-linear model, the effect of the coefficient of restitution (COR) for soil-rain and soil-soil was investigated. Finally, the comparison between the linear and nonlinear elastic contact model was presented. The simulation indicated that the COR for rain-soil had negligible effect on the crust development but the computational time was exponentially increased with increasing coefficient value. In contrast, the COR for soil-soil had a dominant influence on the crust development. To validate the numerical results, a micro computerized tomography (microCT) technique was applied to characterize the changes in pore structure to a USCS SP soil after exposure under a rainfall simulator. Additionally, the effect of cyclic wetting and drying (without rainfall) on the changes in porosity was investigated. The experimental results showed that the rainfall simulator sufficiently densified the soil but the effect of cyclic wetting and drying was negligible. The numerical simulations showed similar changes in porosity along the depth of the soil profile as compared with the experimental results thus validating the DEM technique to simulate crust development. Soil crust development was successfully simulated with 2D DEM.MicroCT analysis of samples taken from a rainfall simulator validated the DEM sims.The COR for soil-soil is the dominant input parameter in the DEM simulations.Insight into the mechanics of a structural soil crust was explored.
Abstract C16: Effects of cessation counseling types on quit attempts and intentions

Smoking cessation assistance programs aid smokers in quitting. While cessation programs have shown some effectiveness, many smokers do not utilize them. The combination of nicotine addiction, access to cheaper products and a general lack of access to smoking cessation tools present difficulties to smokers. Direct counseling from a healthcare provider has been shown to aid in smokers thinking about quitting their smoking; however greater assistance is often needed beyond the recommendation to quit. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect different types of cessation counseling on (1) quit attempts and (2) intention to quit within the next month. We hypothesized that advice + quit assistance from a healthcare provider would be associated with making a quit attempt and intending to quit within the next month when compared with advice alone. This paper presents data from the first eight waves of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) US adult smoker survey from 2002-2011 (N=6669). Participants who visited a healthcare provider within the past year of survey were eligible for inclusion. The levels of healthcare provider counseling included no advice, advice only, and advice + quit assistance. Repeated measures logistic regression, using generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to model (1) whether participants made a quit attempt and (2) intention to quit within the next month. Models were controlled for age, sex, daily smoking, time-in-sample, wave, education, income, and region, as well as cessation counseling. Over 60% of participants indicated having seen a healthcare provider, with over 60% receiving advice to quit. Among those who reported receiving advice to quit, less than one third received a referral or quit prescription and less than one half received a pamphlet from their healthcare provider. Those receiving advice + quit assistance were almost twice as likely to have attempted to quit as those who received advice only. Participants receiving assistance were more likely to intend to quit within the next month. Not all smokers get advice to stop smoking when seen by their doctor and even fewer get offered assistance beyond the recommendation to stop smoking. This study shows that those who received both advice and assistance were more likely to report making a quit attempt or at least report a greater intention to stop smoking in the future. Citation Format: Monica E. Cornelius, K. Michael Cummings. Effects of cessation counseling types on quit attempts and intentions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C16.
Listening to the Promise of a Better You: Considering the Instructional Record

ABSTRACT While this article makes explicit connections with forms such as karaoke, it also offers insight into other areas of sonic instruction such as dance, exercise and gaming. More important, it begins to develop an explicit theoretical foothold on questions of record production and reception where the listener is conceived in both the form of the recording and its accompanying narratives by focusing on how many of these instructional objects are designed around specific questions of record production and their accompanying paratextual elements.
False Lock Performance in Polarity-Type Costas Receivers in the Presence of Periodic Data Patterns

This paper addresses the false lock performance of receivers which use polarity-type Costas loops for the carrier recovery of unbalanced QPSK, asynchronous QPSK or BPSK signals in the presence of periodic data patterns. The potential false lock frequencies are first identified. Expressions for both true lock and false lock components are also derived, thereby allowing numerical evaluation of various key parameters for cases of practical interest.
Measurement of the Water Potential of Plant Tissues

Maintenance of the physiologically active state in individual cells and whole multicellular plants is dependent upon relative constancy of a number of conditions, one of which is favorable water balance. When, as a part of the normal course of development or because of an inadequate supply of water, plants have a reduced water content, the rate of their development and, in general, the rates of all vital functions proceed at reduced rates. And, of course, extreme or prolonged desiccation is lethal to an actively growing plant.
Reduction of Thrombosis and Bacterial Infection via Controlled Nitric Oxide (NO) Release from S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) Impregnated CarboSil Intravascular Catheters

Nitric oxide (NO) has many important physiological functions, including its ability to inhibit platelet activation and serve as potent antimicrobial agent. The multiple roles of NO in vivo have led to great interest in the development of biomaterials that can deliver NO for specific biomedical applications. Herein, we report a simple solvent impregnation technique to incorporate a nontoxic NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), into a more biocompatible biomedical grade polymer, CarboSil 20 80A. The resulting polymer-crystal composite material yields a very stable, long-term NO release biomaterial. The SNAP impregnation process is carefully characterized and optimized, and it is shown that SNAP crystal formation occurs in the bulk of the polymer after solvent evaporation. LC-MS results demonstrate that more than 70% of NO release from this new composite material originates from the SNAP embedded CarboSil phase, and not from the SNAP species leaching out into the soaking solution. Catheters prep...
When the creative class strikes back: State-led creativity and its discontents

Abstract The implementation of ‘creative city’ policies (see Florida, 2002, 2005) in Asia is well documented (see Kong et al., 2015) as Asian cities have increasingly repositioned themselves as nodes within the global cultural economy (Oakes and Wang, 2015). What is less – documented are the tangible impacts of these state-led creativity policies, often administered for entrepreneurial reasons in authoritarian or quasi-democratic contexts. Particularly lacking are explorations of the way these policies give rise to various contestations, resistances, and subversions. Singapore is one Asian city that has been especially receptive to the idea of implementing creativity, undergoing a cultural turn over the past two decades that has seen the arts prioritized in a number of ways (Chang, 2000; Chang and Huang, 2009; Kong, 2012a,b). However, the following paper outlines how the ‘creative class’ is striking back, against the state, in the form of critical expression – and probes how recipients of arts policy, envisioned as an ‘arts generation’, have been given a platform for critical views at the same time they face authoritarian boundaries. Likewise, the aims of such policy are interrogated, questioning whether or not critical expression was an intended or unintended externality of state-led, top-down policies. Most importantly, however, are the class tensions between the ‘arts generation’ and the Singaporean heartland – exposing an under-theorized aspect to the conversation on cultural production that deserves better understanding in a paradigm where urban elites are increasingly mistrusted by suburban/exurban ‘heartlanders’. Using examples drawn from field work conducted in Singapore from 2012 to 2014 (semi-structured interviews with both policy makers and cultural producers), this paper suggests that in the effort to broaden the global discussion on ‘creative resistance’ (Colomb and Novy, 2012) and ‘cultural activism’ (2013), local context may be overlooked amidst attempts at global theory building. What the Singapore example points to is the possibility that the creative policy implementation process – and its impacts, contestations and resistances – have difficulty moving beyond the ivory tower of elite urban cosmopolitanism. This calls into question the way that activist alliances and networks are sometimes portrayed in which cultural producers join forces with a variety of broader causes.
Structural and electrical properties of single crystalline SrZrO 3 epitaxially grown on Ge (001)

We present structural and electrical characterization of SrZrO3 that has been epitaxially grown on Ge(001) by oxide molecular beam epitaxy. Single crystalline SrZrO3 can be nucleated on Ge via deposition at low temperatures followed by annealing at 550 °C in ultra-high vacuum. Photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal that SrZrO3 exhibits a type-I band arrangement with respect to Ge, with conduction and valence band offsets of 1.4 eV and 3.66 eV, respectively. Capacitance-voltage and current-voltage measurements on 4 nm thick films reveal low leakage current densities and an unpinned Fermi level at the interface that allows modulation of the surface potential of Ge. Ultra-thin films of epitaxial SrZrO3 can thus be explored as a potential gate dielectric for Ge.
Why Literacy Should be Included in an Effective Elementary Math Curriculum

This article provides a brief overview of the key benefits of interdisciplinary instruction combining literacy and math, in addition to sharing three integrated lessons used in support of a traditional elementary mathematics curriculum to effectively review number bonds through 10 and simple additional and subtraction.
Racial and ethnic differences in the students’ readiness, identity, perceptions of institutional diversity, and desire to join the environmental workforce

There is strong evidence that minority students are interested in environmental careers despite data showing that the percentage of people of color currently employed in environmental organizations is low. This study explores this conundrum by examining five factors that are related to workforce diversity. It assesses the racial and ethnic differences in (a) academic preparation for environmental work, (b) environmental identity, (c) the extent to which students are interested in pursuing careers in the environmental field, (d) the factors that influence students when deciding whether to accept environmental jobs, and (e) students’ salary expectations. This study analyzes data from 157 students—46 Whites, 43 Blacks, and 68 other racial minorities. Data was collected from students participating in science, technology, engineering, and math programs hosted by at a large public university, a mid-sized private university, and a historically Black university. The data, collected from May to June 2016, revealed that minority and White students have similar grades, are taking a similar range of courses, and are members of campus environmental clubs. Students were more likely to describe themselves as an environmentalist rather than as a conservationist. The study also found that minority students are most comfortable working in organizations that promise jobs with upward mobility, leadership opportunities, and incorporate diversity activities in their programming. Though minority students tended to have salary expectations that were higher than that of White students, the differences were insignificant. Moreover, the mean salary that students would accept to work in environmental organizations is compatible with what is currently being paid in the field.
Stochastic Control Problems in Finance

We consider a financial market with n risky assets. The price of asset i at time t is denoted by Y i (t). It is a random process, defined on a probability space \(\Omega ,\mathcal {A},P\). We consider a filtration \(\mathcal {F}^{t}\) and a standard \(P,\mathcal {F}^{t}\) Wiener process with values in R n . The components of the Wiener process are denoted by w i (t).
Evaluation of the Poorly Responsive Patient

Evaluation of the poorly responsive patient requires an organized approach. One aim of this chapter is to meticulously outline an examination technique, delineate the anatomic basis for the observed abnormal neurologic signs, review pertinent neurophysiology and, lastly, discuss the differential diagnosis. The differential diagnosis is formulated after answering a primary question. Does this patient have a focal lesion, multifocal lesions, or global cerebral dysfunction? This seemingly simple problem is often a formidable one.
Mechanisms of Electrocyclic Reactions

An electrocyclic reaction is exemplified by the transformation shown below We shall focus attention on the following aspects of these reactions: a) Stereoselectivity. We need to consider three distinct stereochemical modes of reaction, namely, conrotation, disrotation, and monorotation. In the cases of disrotation and conrotation, there is a synchronous rotation of both ends undergoing union. On the other hand, in the case of monoration, only one end rotates initially and after or near completion of its rotatory motion the other end begins to rotate. b) The effect of substituents upon reaction rate. c) Toposelectivity. In certain types of molecules, there exist more than one electro-cyclization pathways. An example is given below.
Degree-driven design for correct geometric algorithms

This talk surveys results from applying an idea of Liotta, Preparata and Tamassia: that a designer of geometric algorithms could consider the arithmetic precision necessary to guarantee a correct implementation as a resource whose use is to be minimized, much as we do with running time and memory space. As is often the case, constraints can inspire creativity in design of new algorithms for classic problems; examples include point location, segment intersection, and Voronoi diagram construction.
Still Lonely After All These Years

The great literary critic Lionel Trilling, in a review of The Lonely Crowd, once observed that sociology "seems to be in process of taking over from literature one of literature's most characteristic functions, the investigation and criticism of morals and manners."2 A half century after they were written, Trilling's words ring hollow. We can, to be sure, find occasional examples of sociology that aspire to the function Trilling had in mind-the various works of Erving Goffman, Hochschild's Managed Heart, Bellah and colleagues' Habits of the Heart, and Many fine ethnographies. But who, today, reading dreary monographs or struggling through our leadng journals, could still imaging sociology supplanting literature? I am not at all sure that Trilling was right, even 50 years ago. David Riesman's Lonely Crowd, wrtten with the collaboration of Nathan Glazer and Reuel Denny, was, I suspect, very much an exception even in 1950 (the same year, after all, in which Parsons published his Social System, a book that, whatever its virtues or lack thereof, posed no threat to the "characteristic functions" of literature). Nonetheless, Trilling seems to me altogether correct in his assessment of The Lonely Crowd itself. The Lonely Crowd invites a reading as literature as well as social science. But what literature? Was Riesman our Jane Austen? Or was he only our Stephen King? We do know that The Lonely Crowd is almost certainly the best-selling book in the history of post-World War II sociology. It isn't even close. The Lonely Crowd was first published in 1950 by Yale University press. It was
Purification and General Properties of Human Folylpolyglutamate Synthetase

We recently cloned a human cDNA encoding folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) by complementation of an E. coli strain (SF4) deficient in FPGS activity1. The open reading frame of the cDNA predicted a protein having 545 amino acids, a Mr of 60 kDa, and an estimated pI of 6.95. In this report we describe the plasmid construct used for the expression of unfused human FPGS in E. coli. In addition, general characteristics of the purified enzyme are discussed as well as its specificity for selected folyl and analog substrates.
PROSECUTORIAL ETHICS AS USUAL

Prosecutors have different responsibilities and serve different roles than other attorneys. Professor Green argues that the prosecutor’s duty to “seek justice” should give rise to a host of particular professional responsibilities that are different from those of other lawyers. However, the Ethics 2000 Commission declined to augment prosecutors’ special responsibilities and did not expand any of the existing provisions of Model Rule 3.8. Professor Green explores the rationale for the Commission’s inaction, and concludes that the inaction cannot be explained on substantive grounds but rather was motivated by political and procedural considerations. He believes that new rules governing prosecutorial ethics should be drafted, with substantial input from the judiciary, because Rule 3.8 is not the best of all possible rules of prosecutorial ethics. Prosecutors’ work is different from that of other lawyers. The differences can have significance for the Model Rules of Professional Conduct (Model Rules or Rules) in either of two ways. 1 First, prosecutors might be exempted from disciplinary restrictions that apply to lawyers generally, 2 such as those regulating fact gathering, 3 trial conduct, 4 or con
Coordination chemistry of several radius-sensitive complexones and applications to lanthanide-actinide separations

The relationships between the lanthanide complex formation equilibria and the lanthanide-actinide separation application of three radius sensitive ligands have been studied. The consecutive stepwise formation constants of the 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 chelate species formed by the interaction of DHDMB and the tripositive lanthanides and yttrium were determined potentiometrically at 0.1 M ionic strength and 25/sup 0/C. Results indicate that three different coordination modes, one tridentate and two bidentate are in evidence. Tracer level /sup 241/Am - /sup 155/Eu cation-exchange experiments utilizing DHDMB eluents indicate that this dihydroxycarboxylate does not form a sufficiently strong americium complex to elute that actinide ahead of europium. The overall stability of the americium 3:1 complex appears intermediate between samarium and europium. Cation-exchange elutions of /sup 241/Am, /sup 155/Eu, and /sup 160/Tb mixtures with EEDTA solutions prove that the EEDTA ligand is capable of eluting americium ahead of all of the tripositive lanthanide cations. The minimum separation occurs with terbium, where the Am-Tb separation factor is 1.71. 1,5-diaminopentane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (PMDTA) was synthesized using cation exchange. A mathematical method was developed for the formation constants of the protonated and unprotonated lanthanide-PMDTA complexes from potentiometry. Cation-exchange elutions of tracer quantities of Am, Eu, and Tb revealed that more » terbium is eluted ahead of both americium and europium. « less
Developmental Psychopathology: Basic Principles

In sum, developmental psychopathology is a “conceptual approach that involves a set of research methods that capitalize on developmental and psychopathological variations to ask questions about mechanisms and processes” (Rutter, 2013, p. 1201). Psychopathology is viewed as developmental deviation in which specific aspects of the normative developmental trajectory have been derailed and,Researchers and clinicians alike have exerted considerable effort to unravel the intricacies underlying disordered behavior in children and adults. In more recent decades, the foray into charting the precursors and developmental progression of childhood behavioral disturbance has emerged as its own unique subspecialty within clinical and developmental psychology. An exciting advance emanating from this burgeoning interest is the macroparadigm (Achenbach, 1990; Cicchetti, 2013) of developmental psychopathology. In their seminal article, Sroufe and Rutter (1984) defined developmental psychopathology as “the study of the origins and course of individual patterns of behavioral maladaptation, whatever the age of onset, whatever the causes, whatever the transformations in behavioral manifestation, and however complex the course of the developmental pattern may be” (p. 18). The primary focus of the developmental psychopathology perspective is to study the processes underlying continuity and change in patterns of both adaptive and maladaptive behavior from an interdisciplinary approach. A central tenet is the notion that no single theory can adequately explain all aspects of psychological maladjustment (Rutter, 2013). Instead, psychological functioning is best understood through reliance on and integration of multiple levels of analyses that arise from a variety of disciplines, each with unique theoretical views and methodological approaches. Accordingly, the developmental psychopathology approach draws on diverse scientific fields such as lifespan developmental psychology, clinical psychology, psychiatry, neuroscience, epidemiology, sociology, neuroendocrinology, genetics, among others, with the goal of providing a comprehensive knowledge base concerning the mutually influencing processes that underlie maladaptation as well as adaptation (Sroufe, 2013).
Is Estrogen the Answer for Osteosarcoma

Bone biologists have long understood how estrogen drives osteoclasts to make new bone. While evidence hinted that a loss of estrogen signals might also play a role in bone-forming cancers like osteosarcoma, this idea has remained untested. Lillo Osuna and colleagues present data demonstrating widespread epigenetic silencing of estrogen receptor in human osteosarcomas. Exposure to demethylating agents caused reexpression of estrogen receptor, which promoted therapeutic differentiation of these tumors.See related article by Lillo Osuna et al., p. 1054.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Monotherapy for Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Chart Review.

Abstract Objective: Anxiety disorders are one of the most commonly co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a frequency ranging from 22% to 84%. Methods...
Psychologism and Logical Analysis

The term ‘psychologism’ was first used extensively in the works of German logicians and philosophers of the late nineteenth century. It referred to a trend which had first emerged in the 1830s. This movement assigned to the science of psychology the role of assuring the foundations of the various philosophic disciplines, and especially of logic. After Hegel’s death in 1831, the great systems of German idealism began to lose their appeal, and were gradually replaced by a new emphasis on an anthropological critique of reason. Although Kant’s influence never died out in the German universities, it was not until the late 1860s that the movement of Neo-Kantianism emerged in full force. During the interval between 1830 and 1870, many attempts were made to base inquiry into the structure of mind on empirical observations, rather than on transcendental deductions of the Kantian type. For example, J.F. Fries attempted to derive Kant’s a priori categories from self-observation, and Hermann Helmholtz traced the origin of concepts, numbers and classes to psychological, and even to physiological processes.1 John Stuart Mill was often cited by these and later psychologistic authors as their most illustrious ally, because he claimed that philosophy’s principal task is to conduct empirical inquiry into the workings of the mind, and explicitly described introspection as the only basis on which the axioms of mathematics and the principles of logic might be justified.2
Sleep characteristics and white matter hyperintensities among midlife women.

Study objectives Sleep disturbance is common among midlife women. Poor self-reported sleep characteristics have been linked to cerebrovascular disease and dementia risk. However, little work has considered the relation of objectively assessed sleep characteristics and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), a marker of small vessel disease in the brain. Among 122 midlife women, we tested whether women with short or disrupted sleep would have greater WMH, adjusting for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, estradiol, and physiologically assessed sleep hot flashes. Methods We recruited 122 women (mean age = 58 years) without a history of stroke or dementia who underwent 72 h of actigraphy to quantify sleep, 24 h of physiologic monitoring to quantify hot flashes; magnetic resonance imaging to assess WMH; phlebotomy, questionnaires, and physical measures (blood pressure, height, and weight). Associations between actigraphy-assessed sleep (wake after sleep onset and total sleep time) and WMH were tested in linear regression models. Covariates included demographics, CVD risk factors (blood pressure, lipids, and diabetes), estradiol, mood, and sleep hot flashes. Results Greater actigraphy-assessed waking after sleep onset was associated with more WMH [B(SE) = .008 (.002), p = 0.002], adjusting for demographics, CVD risk factors, and sleep hot flashes. Findings persisted adjusting for estradiol and mood. Neither total sleep time nor subjective sleep quality was related to WMH. Conclusions Greater actigraphy-assessed waking after sleep onset but not subjective sleep was related to greater brain WMH among midlife women. Poor sleep may be associated with brain small vessel disease at midlife, which can increase the risk for brain disorders.
Application and Adoption of Big Data Technologies in SMEs

Recent years have witnessed a phenomenal growth in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurs all over the world. SMEs have played an essential role in transforming the American economy. SMEs forms 99 percent of all firms in the country, employ more than 50 percent of private sector employees, and account for more than 50% of the country's nonfarm GDP (Brief, 2000). Despite its role in the economy, SMEs are facing challenges in using vast chunks of data available to build a competitive environment that is significant for economic growth (Blackburn, 2016). Much of the data produced can either have a direct or indirect effect on the sector if well processed. Some of the data produced can be used to make relevant policies and decisions regarding supply chain, customer management, and market changes. To make good use of these enormous volumes of data, firms have employed available big data analytics. Although data mining has been in existence for a while now, it is until recently that big data has found its application in business. This paper intends to outline the adoption rates of big data in SMEs in the US. However, concepts of Business Intelligence (BI) was later developed to emphasize the need for the collection, analysis, and interpretation of that data for business use. With the use of BI, much of the produced data have been analyzed to help businesses make data-driven decisions which have helped them understand market trends. SMEs have for a long time used data for recording and monitoring transactions. However, in the recent past, a new awareness of the importance of data analytics have been going around. Consequently, a large number of SMEs have demonstrated an interest in using business analytics.