cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do men and women differ in their perceptions of stalking: An exploratory study among college students

Stalking is a crime that can terrify its victims and ultimately take a severe emotional toll. Although a growing body of research has examined stalking experiences and reactions of victims, there has been far less research on whether men and women differ in their perceptions of stalking. Toward this end, a survey of college students at a large public 4-year Midwestern university was undertaken. We examined differences is how men and women view stalking and whether gender differences were moderated by prior stalking experience. Specifically, we examined whether there were gender differences in perceptions of the pervasiveness of stalking, the harm stalking does, who tends to be stalked, if stalking mainly involves former relational partners, possible motivations for stalking, the line between courtship and stalking, and notions of victim blaming. We found significant differences in stalking views between men and women on all the measures, except for perceptions of the line between courtship and stalking. Women tended to perceive stalking as more pervasive and harmful. Men were more likely to perceive stalking as involving strangers and to blame the victim for the stalking. Female and male respondents also differed in their perceptions of motivations for stalking. Prior victim stalking experience did not moderate the gender differences. Although being a prior stalking victim had a significant association with 4 of the 7 stalking perception variables, its effect sizes were smaller than that of gender.
Artemisia arborescens "Powis Castle" extracts and α-thujone prevent fruit infestation by codling moth neonates.

AbstractContext: The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Tortricidae), is a major cosmopolitan pest of the apple. The potential of plant-derived semiochemicals for codling moth control is poorly studied.Objective: To evaluate the potential of crude extracts of five plants from the Asteraceae family: Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia arborescens L. “Powis Castle”, Artemisia annua L., and Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. to prevent apple infestation by C. pomonella larvae and to identify the deterrent(s) in these plants.Materials and methods: Artemisia dried leaves were extracted in v/v mixture of 80% ethanol, 10% isopropanol, and 10% of methanol, and the extracts were analyzed using high-performance thin layer chromatography. Preference of fruit treated with test solutions (Artemisia extracts or α-thujone) versus fruit treated with solvent was studied using choice assays.Results: α-Thujone was detected in A. arborescens extract at a concentration of 77.4 ± 2.4 mg/g of dry tissue, localized between Rf 0.75 and 0....
Ballistics: a pathophysiologic examination of the wounding mechanisms of firearms: Part II.

Wounds caused by firearms are a frequent occurrence in urban emergency centers. Understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in wound production is very important in treatment of these injuries. Part I of this article reports studies on the interaction of projectiles with both the atmosphere and human tissue to produce wounds. Part II will examine the types of wounds formed by specific firearms, and the recent innovations in both weapons and ammunition which are altering the severity of shooting injuries.
Observable radiation zeroes in HERA interactions

Radiation zeroes were discovered over 10 years ago and heralded as a direct probe of gauge couplings and fractional quark charges. Observations of such zeroes have eluded proton-antiproton collider experiments so far. We here point out that radiation zeroes appear in electron-quark collisions and conclude that they should be observable at HERA in the subprocesseq→eqγ. Choosing suitable cuts, we expect 660 (430) events/year in the electron (positron) channel of the neutral current single jet plus direct photon events at HERA, i.e. we expect 12 (4) events/bin/year in the electron (positron) channel over a large fraction of the range of cosλγ (10 of the 30 bins we use).
Gas surface interactions studied with state-prepared molecules

The interaction of gas-phase molecules with solid surfaces is complicated by the many molecular and surface degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) which may affect the scattering process. This review covers experimental work in which the quantum state populations of molecules incident on a surface are prepared or selected in some manner, and the scattering of these prepared molecules is followed. Experiments are discussed in which essentially all (electronic, vibrational, rotational, and translational) molecular DOFs are controlled. Two main techniques to produce a flux of state-prepared molecules for surface studies have been developed; both are natural extensions of existing gas-phase scattering work. The first employs direct optical excitation and relies on the associated selection rules to generate population in a desired state. The second uses inhomogeneous electric or magnetic fields as a filter to transmit a particular state and reject others. Specific applications of each of these techniques are reviewed with emphasis placed on the insight gained from the quantum state specific nature of the incident molecules.
Effects of mechanical compression on metabolism and distribution of oxygen and lactate in intervertebral disc

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of mechanical compression on metabolism and distributions of oxygen and lactate in the intervertebral disc (IVD) using a new formulation of the triphasic theory. In this study, the cellular metabolic rates of oxygen and lactate were incorporated into the newly developed formulation of the mechano-electrochemical mixture model [Huang, C.-Y., Gu, W.Y., 2007. Effect of tension-compression nonlinearity on solute transport in charged hydrated fibrosus tissues under dynamic unconfined compression. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 129, 423-429]. The model was used to numerically analyze metabolism and transport of oxygen and lactate in the IVD under static or dynamic compression. The theoretical analyses demonstrated that compressive loading could affect transport and metabolism of nutrients. Dynamic compression increased oxygen concentration, reduced lactate accumulation, and promoted oxygen consumption and lactate production (i.e., energy conversion) within the IVD. Such effects of dynamic loading were dependent on strain level and loading frequency, and more pronounced in the IVD with less permeable endplate. In contrast, static compression exhibited inverse effects on transport and metabolism of oxygen and lactate. The theoretical predictions in this study are in good agreement with those in the literature. This study established a new theoretical model for analyzing cellular metabolism of nutrients in hydrated, fibrous soft tissues under mechanical compression.
EventScope: a telescience interface for Internet-based education

The goal of Earth and planetary exploration through telescience/telerobotics/telepresence is to broaden our understanding of the universe. Because education is a proven avenue for disseminating information, the goal of the EventScope project at Carnegie Mellon University is to merge educational software and a telescience/telerobotics/telepresence mission interface for use within classroom settings in order to provide more direct connections to new information. Answering individual scientific questions requires the ability to interact with a mission on a first-person level - for instance, a student can glean a wealth of information by remotely exploring the contours of a particular rock formation. A limitation on scientific inquiry using robotics is that physical machines can be in only one place at one time. EventScope addresses these scalability issues by enabling dynamic interaction with mission information through tools that allow users to navigate independently of the spatio-temporal nature of a robotic expedition. Further, interface communication tools allow science educators and scientists to mark representations of remote sites to convey their own experiences to students on a mass scale.
Features of interventions that appear to result in positive impact in treatment of children with autism1

What are the effective procedures and components intervention programs for children with autism? 1 Abstracted from: Levy, S., Kim, A., & Olive, M. L. (2006). Interventions for young children with a...
Numerical simulation of power law and yield stress fluid flows in double concentric cylinder with slotted rotor and vane geometries

Abstract In our previous report, we showed that a rheometer equipped with a double concentric cylinder geometry with slotted rotor could effectively reduce wall slip effects and thus it could be used as an alternative to a rheometer with a vane geometry in yield stress measurements. Here, we use three-dimensional CFD simulation to compare these two geometries for rheological measurements of power law and yield stress fluids. Our results indicate that the double concentric cylinder rheometer with slotted rotor (DCCR/SR) is able to accurately measure rheological properties of a wider spectrum of test fluids than a vane rheometer because of significant reduction of the end and secondary flow effects.
Multivariate Stochastic Volatility via Wishart Processes

Financial models for asset and derivatives pricing, risk management, portfolio optimization, and asset allocation rely on volatility forecasts. Time-varying volatility models, such as generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity and stochastic volatility (SVOL), have been successful in improving forecasts over constant volatility models. We develop a new multivariate SVOL framework for modeling financial data that assumes covariance matrices stochastically varying through a Wishart process. In our formulation, scalar variances naturally extend to covariance matrices rather than to vectors of variances as in traditional SVOL models. Model fitting is performed using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation from the posterior distribution. Because of the model's complexity, an efficiently designed Gibbs sampler is described that produces inferences with a manageable amount of computation. Our approach is illustrated on a multivariate time series of monthly industry portfolio returns. A test of the ec...
Intramolecular flexibility in phenylalanine transfer RNA.

Yeast tRNAPhe is an L-shaped molecule, where each arm is a short segment of double-helical RNA. Examination of the crystal structure has suggested that the molecule may be hinged, perhaps in the region where the anticodon stem meets the D stem1, or where the two arms of the molecule meet2. Because tRNA interacts with a variety of macromolecules during protein synthesis, and because it performs various functions in addition to its role in protein synthesis3, the idea of a hinge is attractive: such conformational flexibility would facilitate functional flexibility. Here we present the results of a theoretical study of the bending of tRNAPhe about the proposed hinge at the junction of the two arms2, applying the conformational energy calculation method used previously to examine flexibility in lysozyme4 and in DNA5. The model is surprisingly flexible, swivelling with two degrees of freedom through angles as large as 30° at an energetic cost of only a few kcal per mol. These energies are comparable with that of a few hydrogen bonds, suggesting that solvent conditions and interactions with other molecules are important in modulating structure and flexibility.
Disruptions, Disruptivity, and Safer Operating Windows in the High-β Spherical Torus NSTX

This paper discusses disruption rates, disruption causes and disruptivity statistics in the high-βN National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) (Ono et al 2000 Nucl. Fusion 40 557). While the overall disruption rate is rather high, configurations with high βN, moderate q*, strong boundary shaping, sufficient rotation and broad pressure and current profiles are found to have the lowest disruptivity; active n = 1 control further reduces the disruptivity. The disruptivity increases rapidly for q* 1.25 is generally acceptable for avoiding the onset of core rotating n = 1 kink/tearing modes; when EPM and ELM disturbances are present, the required qmin for avoiding those modes is raised to ∼1.5. The current ramp and early flat-top phase of the discharges are prone to n = 1 core rotating modes locking to the wall, leading to a disruption. Small changes to the discharge fuelling during this phase can often mitigate the rotation damping associated with these modes and eliminate the disruption. The largest stored-energy disruptions are those that occur at high current when a plasma current ramp-down is initiated incorrectly.
MULTIPLE SCATTERING OF FAST CHARGED PARTICLES

The theory of multiple scattering of charged particles has been extended in the small-angle approximation valid for thin foils and fast particles. The extension consists of an exact solution of the integral diffusion equation for the correlated probabilities of lateral and angular displacements, and the numerical integration of the resulting expression for the angular distribution. The projection of the scattering on a plane has been used for simplicity. The results are expressed in terms of dimensionless variables $\frac{\ensuremath{\eta}}{{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{0}}$ and $\frac{z}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ representing respectively the deflection angle in terms of a small unit determined by the screening, and the foil thickness in terms of the mean free path for scattering. Numerical calculations for values of $\frac{z}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ from 100 to 84,000, and for an adequate range of $\frac{\ensuremath{\eta}}{{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{0}}$, have been carried out, and tables have been made available. Curves are presented for a few values of $\frac{z}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$. The matching is shown between the approximately Gaussian result for small angles and the Rutherford single scattering result valid for large angles. The deviations of the new results from each of these limiting values is quite large over a wide range of angle. An explicit asymptotic formula for large $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is given, showing correction terms to the single scattering formula.
Incorporation of recycled urea—N into ruminal bacteria flowing to the small intestine of dairy cows fed a high-grain or high-forage diet

Abstract Dairy cows fitted with flexible T-type duodenal cannulas were fed either high-grain or high-forage diets in a switchover design. Urea labeled with 15N was infused continuously into the jugular vein of each cow for 72 h, following 23 d of adjustment. Duodenal digesta, feces, and urine were sampled every 3 or 4 h, and milk and blood every 12 h during 5 d of collection. Also, urine was totally collected for the 5-d period. Enrichment of 15N in digesta and bacteria entering the duodenum and in urine, feces, milk and blood all increased until cessation of infusion, but 15N ratios of urinary N:bacterial N were constant between 40 and 72 h. Nonlinear regression was used to estimate enrichment values at the isotopic equilibrium applying the Marquardt method. Incorporation of endogenous urea into duodenal digesta and ruminal bacteria present in duodenal digesta also was calculated by isotopic equilibria. Endogenous urea contributed 19.1 and 37.5% of N in duodenal digesta and in duodenal bacteria for lactating cows fed the high-grain diet; whereas, values for the high forage diet were 7.4 and 12.7%, respectively. Flow of N from the rumen to the small intestine tended to be higher for cows fed the high-grain than high-forage diet (122 vs. 103% of N intake), a finding consistent with more recycled N on high-grain.
Prophylactic and Antidotal Effects of Hexamethylenetetramine Against Phosgene Poisoning in Rabbits

New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to phosgene doses, expressed as Ct factors, of 125-3120 ppm·min. Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), 0.3 gm/kg as a 40% aqueous solution, was injected via an ear vein into separate groups of animals at 5-10 min pre-exposure or at 15 min post-exposure to the gas. Non-exposed and exposed, non-HMT-treated animals served as controls. As assessed by survival times, gross morphology of the lungs, percent lung water measurements, serum LDH values, and respiratory gas parameters, pre-exposure administration of HMT at Ct factors as high as 3120 ppm·min provided significant prophylaxis against the effects of phosgene. Post-exposure administration of HMT, however, provided no antidotal effect even when administered as soon as 15 min after exposure to 125 ppm·min phosgene.
Effect of TGF‐β inducible early gene deficiency on flexor tendon healing

The role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in tendon healing is still not clearly established. TGF-beta affects gene expression primarily through the activation of the Smad signaling pathway. The first step in the Smad pathway is the expression of TGF-beta inducible early gene (TIEG). Recently, a TIEG knockout mouse has been developed. The purpose of this study was to examine the healing potential of flexor tendons in mice lacking the TIEG gene, and to further examine what role the TIEG pathway plays in flexor tendon repair. Twenty-two mice, consisting of 11 normal wild-type mice and 11 TIEG knockout mice, were euthanized at 8 to 12 weeks of age. The second through fifth FDL tendons of both hind feet were transected and repaired in zone 2. The repaired tendons were removed from the mice and placed into tissue culture. Tendons were then examined at days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 42 after surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining for TGF-beta, collagen type I, and collagen type III were performed. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to examine expression of TGF-beta1, beta2, beta3, and collagen type I and III. At 42 days after surgery, HE staining showed coaptation of lacerated tendon ends in both groups. Both groups showed healing of the lacerated tendon, but the chronologic expression pattern of TGF-beta was different between the knockout and normal tendons. TIEG deficient tendons had delayed expression of TGF-beta when compared with control tendons. The collagen mRNA expression pattern was similar with both groups, but the expression level was different, with TIEG knockout tendons having a lower expression of collagen type I mRNA (p < 0.001). TGF-beta is thought to play a major role in tendon healing. Healing of tendons in the TIEG knockout mouse suggests the possibility of tendon healing in the absence of the Smad pathway. The knockout mouse model described in the present study provides a novel means for further understanding of the tendon healing process through isolated deletion of specific growth factors.
Uniformity of captopril benefit in the SAVE study : subgroup analysis

The Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Study demonstrated that long-term administration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril to recent survivors of myocardial infarction with left ventricular dysfunction resulted in a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Analysis of multiple subgroups demonstrated that baseline demographics (older age) and clinical characteristics (such as prior MI, history of diabetes or hypertension), that have previously been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events, were associated with greater end point event rates in SAVE regardless of therapy assignment at the time of randomization. The effectiveness of captopril therapy in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity was examined in multiple subgroups. Although not all subgroups provided adequate statistical power, the benefits of captopril therapy were relatively uniform in the SAVE study. This indicates that the benefits were not confined to one particular subgroup and conversely that targeting of captopril therapy should be to the broadest group, as defined by SAVE entry criteria, to result in a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
Temperature dependent steady-state characteristics of high-performance tunnel injection quantum dot lasers

Enhanced temperature stability in tunnel injection In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum dot lasers is demonstrated. Value of T0=363 K in the temperature range 5°C<T<60°C and T0=202 K in the range 60°C<T<100°C are derived from the temperature-dependent 1ight-current characteristics. The variation of the slope efficiency of the devices against temperature confirms that reduced carrier leakage and non-radiative recombination contribute to the observed behaviour.
The Death of King Arthur and the Waning of the Feudal Age

“The Death of King Arthur and the Waning of the Feudal Age” contains a discussion of La Mort Artu in terms of the rapidly changing social and philosophical ethos of thirteenth century France. Although Arthur's kingdom is, politically speaking, a model of the feudal world, its values and institutions—the judicial duel, entrapment in flugrunte delicto, system of vendetta and private war—no longer function to insure the unity of the realm. More importantly, the crisis that besets Logres extends to the basic pattern of feudal organization, vassalage, and to the feudal notion of state. Mordret's manipulation of fealty for personal gain points to a fatal flaw within the system as a whole: that the barons can only relate to the ultimate source of power, Arthur, through individuals like Mordret; their singular position in a vertical hierarchy of command gives them sovereignty over its lower echelons. In short, the collapse of Arthurian kingship is the direct result of Arthur's and Gauvain's unawareness of and inability to make crucial distinctions between state-right and kin-right, between public and private loyalties and policies: categories that are becoming increasingly important with the reconstitution of the Capetian monarchy and the revival of Aristotelian notions of the state. Only Lancelot is able to distinguish personal and clannish interest from general social interest; because he is willing to sacrifice both Guinevere and the right of his family to avenge his death for the sake of the common good he stands as a new type of individual within the Arthurian world. He seems much closer to the citizen of the modern state than to the subject of the feudal monarchy. Arthur, on the other hand, represents the old king at the end of his reign. His fatigue, blindness and madness reflect, two centuries after the beginning of the end of feudalism in France, the weariness of the feudal world.
Ten-year results from unsaturated drip tests with UO2 at 90°C: implications for the corrosion of spent nuclear fuel

Alteration phases may influence both the dissolution of nuclear waste forms and release of radionuclides from the waste package environment. In the present study, UO2 pellets serve as surrogates for commercial spent nuclear fuel, with the pellets being exposed to periodic drops of simulated groundwater at 90°C. Uranium release was very rapid between one and two years, resulting from grain boundary corrosion and spallation of micrometer-sized UO2+x particles from the sample surface. The development of a dense mat of alteration phases after two years apparently trapped loose particles, resulting in reduced rates of uranium release. The paragenetic sequence of alteration phases is similar to that observed in surficial weathering zones of natural uraninite deposits, with alkali and alkaline earth uranyl silicates being the long-term solubility-limiting phases for uranium. Results from this study and comparisons with natural analogue deposits suggest that the migration of fission products from altered spent fuel may be retarded by their incorporation in secondary uranium phases.
Predicting Troublemaking Offenders: A Discriminant Analysis

Violence, attempted escapes, thefts, persistent rule violations, and other extreme forms of maladaptive prison behavior have created problems for correctional authorities since congregate confinement became the watchword in American corrections. The evolution of prisoner classification programs has aided prison administrators in their attempts to recognize potential behavioral problems but the subjective nature of a number of state classification models has resulted in a continuous wave of litigation and fiscal constraints. The objective of this paper is to provide a prediction model to assist in the classification of adult prisoners. Data on all members of the Georgia adult, male prison population from 1971 to 1978 were used as a baseline. A sample was chosen from inmates in long-term disciplinary segregation whose files contained all necessary demographic, psychometric and judicial variables. A discriminant analysis of these two groups identified 14 variables which correctly assigned inmates in 85% of the cases. The predictive variables include both demographic and personality characteristics.
Synthesis of Polymer Nanospheres and Carbon Nanospheres Using the Monomer 1,8-Dihydroxymethyl-1,3,5,7- octatetrayne

The amphiphilic and self-polymerizable monomer 1,8-dihydroxymethyl-1,3,5,7-octatetrayne (DHMOTY) was prepared and dispersed in water by itself or with the help of phenyl trimethylamine hydroxide. Accordingly, cross-linked poly(1,8-dihydroxymethyl-1,3,5,7-octatetrayne) (polyDHMOTY) nanospheres were produced due to spontaneous polymerization of octatetrayne structures. XPS shows the presence of a large number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of polyDHMOTY nanospheres. Carbon nanospheres were generated by pyrolysis of cross-linked polyDHMOTY nanospheres at high temperatures in inert atmosphere in the yield of 60%.
Chondrules and matrix in the Ornans CO3 meteorite: Possible precursor components

Bulk compositions of 17 chondrules and one sample of matrix from CO3 Ornans were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Chondrule precursor components deduced from chondrule compositions are characterized by: (1) common and slightly volatile siderophiles, Cr and chalcophiles, (2) refractory lithophiles and Na, (3) Mn, Si and modal pyroxene, and (4) FeO and olivine. Component 4 may be closely related to matrix material. Precursor components have now been inferred for OC, EH, CV, CM and CO chondrules. An MN- and Si-rich component occurs exclusively among carbonaceous chondrite chondrules. Although there are significant intergroup differences, common to chondrules in all chondrite groups are refractory-lithophile-rich, common-siderophile-rich, and (with the exception of EH) common-lithophile-rich components. This indicates that the siderophile/lithophile and refractory lithophile/common lithophile fractionations recorded in chondrite whole-rocks were established prior to chondrule formation at all nebular locations.
Ovarian lesions in heifers exposed to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus by non-genital routes on the day after breeding

Abstract Twelve heifers were exposed to either a Colorado infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus isolate or an Iowa IBR isolate obtained from a bovine respiratory disease outbreak. All inoculations were made on the day after the heifers had been in estrus and bred by an IBR virus-negative bull. Pairs of heifers were inoculated with each virus isolate intravenously, intramuscularly or exposed by aerosol. The heifers were killed 11–15 days after inoculation and their reproductive tracts and ovaries subjected to virological and pathological study. Virus was isolated from the ovaries of all 4 heifers inoculated intravenously and from 3 of the 4 heifers inoculated intramuscularly, but not from the ovaries of heifers exposed by aerosol. Virus isolations and lesions were, with only 1 exception, confined to the ovary containing the corpus luteum. In ovaries from which IBR virus was isolated, lesions in the corpus luteum ranged from focal necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells to diffuse hemorrhage and necrosis. Most of these ovaries also had necrotic follicles and a diffuse mononuclear cell accumulation in the stroma. Lesions were not found in ovaries from which IBR virus was not isolated. It was concluded that lesions are readily induced in the ovaries of post-estrus heifers as a result of hematogenous spread of IBR virus and suggest that the differences in lesion development observed with the 3 routes are related to whether or not a viremia occurred.
Vascular response to cyclosporine and verapamil in the rat pancreas

Marked elevation of vascular resistance in the rat pancreas is shown after systemic infusion of cyclosporine. Verapamil administration after cyclosporine reversed this effect and allowed maintenance of baseline vascular resistance and blood flow to the pancreas despite additional infusions of cyclosporine. Cyclosporine toxicity in rat pancreas may be directly related to increased vascular resistance. Verapamil might offer protection from this effect.
Somatostatin analogues inhibit angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane

The mechanism responsible for alterations in tumor growth following administration of somatostatin analogues is unknown. Somatostatin analogues, SMS 201-995 and RC-160, have demonstrated the potential to inhibit both tumor growth and vascularity, in vivo and in vitro. We hypothesized that SMS and RC-160 inhibit angiogenesis and this inhibition may alter tumor growth. To test this hypothesis, 2 mm methylcellulose disks containing concentrations of SMS 201-995 and RC-160 at 0, 0.5, 2.5, or 50 micrograms per disk, were implanted on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 6- to 7-day-old shell-less chick embryos. Inhibition of blood vessel growth in the region of the disk was visually assessed 24-36 hr following disk implantation and graded (0-4) based on the radius of the zone of inhibition from the center of the disk. The overall incidence of inhibition for the somatostatin analogues at concentrations of 0.5, 2.5, and 50 micrograms per disk was 13, 56, and 61% for SMS and 27, 49, and 68% for RC-160, respectively. Overall incidence of inhibition for the positive (inhibitory) control was 70.5% and those for buffer (negative) controls were 3-14%. Somatostatin analogues were associated in a dose-related fashion with both a greater percentage of inhibition of blood vessel growth and an increased grade of inhibition. Inhibition of angiogenesis may be a mechanism responsible for the tumor regression observed in vivo following SMS or RC-160 therapy.
The set-union knapsack problem

The 0-1 knapsack problem can be defined as follows. Given a set of items, select the subset with largest total value, subject to the constraint that the total weight of the items selected does not exceed a fixed capacity. The total value of a set of items is the sum of the individual values and the total weight is the sum of the individual weights. In the Set-Union Knapsack Problem, the items each have a value, but instead of a weight, each corresponds to a set of elements. Each element has a weight. The total value of a set of items is sum of the individual values, but the total weight is the sum of the weights of the elements in the union of the corresponding sets. This problem has applications to database partitioning and to machine loading in flexible manufacturing systems. This dissertation concerns the computational complexity and probabilistic analysis of this problem, as well as algorithms for solving it.
Study of critical dimension uniformity (CDU) using a mask inspector

This paper studies the repeatability and the reliability of CDUs from a mask inspector and their correlation with CD SEM measurements on various pattern attributes such as feature sizes, tones, and orientations. Full-mask image analysis with a mask inspector is one of potential solutions for overcoming the sampling rate limitation of a mask CD SEM. By comparing the design database with the inspected dimension, the complete CDU behavior of specific patterns can be obtained without extra work and tool time. These measurements can be mapped and averaged over various spatial lengths to determine changes in relative CDU across the mask. Eventually, success of this methodology relies on the optical system of the inspector being highly stable.
Information guided noise reduction for Monte Carlo integration of oscillatory functions

A simple procedure for decreasing the statistical error associated with Monte Carlo integration of oscillatory functions is presented. The method uses available information about the integral of a similar oscillatory function to correlate the estimates of the positive and negative components of the integral. Numerical tests show that information guided noise reduction (IGNoR) leads to substantial decrease of the statistical error, allowing meaningful results to be obtained with a fraction of the cost required to attain similar precision from the raw Monte Carlo estimate.
Teaching for Content in a Skills Course: Greek Mythology in French

Teaching other subjects in foreign languages is an idea that surfaces from time to time but which faces opposition: neither students nor teachers may be qualified to study non-language material in a foreign language. This paper is a report of a course developed around Greek mythology which has been taught at the intermediate level in college and can be taught in advanced high school French courses, with little re-tooling on the part of the teacher. The course also can whet the appetite of students to continue their study of French literature, Classical History and Art History.
Environmental proteomics: a paradigm shift in characterizing microbial activities at the molecular level.

Summary: The increase in sequencing capacity led to a new wave of metagenomic projects, enabling and setting the prerequisite for the application of environmental proteomics technologies. This review describes the current status of environmental proteomics. It describes sample preparation as well as the two major technologies applied within this field: two-dimensional electrophoresis-based environmental proteomics and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based environmental proteomics. It also highlights current publications and describes major scientific findings. The review closes with a discussion of critical improvements in the area of integrating experimental mass spectrometry technologies with bioinformatics as well as improved sample handling.
Sticky tries: fast insertions, fast lookups, no deletions for large key universes

We present the sticky trie, a new variant of the standard trie data structure that achieves high-performing atomic insertions and lookups for large key universes by precluding deletions. It has applications in several areas, including address tracking, logging, and garbage collection. By leveraging features of a modern operating system, we show how a runtime can exploit the absence of deletions to realize an efficient sticky-trie implementation.We report on an evaluation of two representative uses---compelling Bloom-filter alternative and fast substitute for a garbage collector's sequential store buffer (SSB). We demonstrate that a sticky trie, when compared with what is perhaps among the simplest Bloom filters, can be over 43% faster, scale substantially better with increasing threads, and yet be free of false positives. By introducing the concept of an ideal SSB, we also demonstrate that a sticky trie could be competitive in performance with a class of SSBs.
Behavior of subcellular marker enzymes during the Hela cell cycle

Six enzymes associated with the activities of the nucleus (thymidine kinase), mitochondria (succinate dehydrogenase), lysosomes (acid phosphatase), peroxisomes (catalase), (cytosol lactate dehydrogenase), and the intermembranal mitochondrial space (alkaline DNase) were assayed at 2 hr intervals over the division cycle of repetitively resynchronized HeLa cells. The results indicated a high degree of reproductibility for cells synchronized by the method of perpetual resynchronization and may be of direct use to those interested in subcellular organellogenesis.
Contemporary Personality Disorder Assessment in Clients with Anxiety Disorders

Personality disorders represent a significant complicating factor in anxiety disorder assessment and treatment. Accurate evaluation of the presence and severity of personality disorders is essential for effective treatment planning for anxiety disorders. This chapter covers several options for assessment of personality traits and disorders, spanning interview and questionnaire methods. Special attention is given to the anticipated changes in personality disorders in the next edition of the diagnostic manual.
Behavior-based gait execution for the Dante II walking robot

The Dante project is developing walking robots to explore inside volcanic craters. These robots face many challenges including generating a walking gait in rough, obstacle-filled terrain. For the walking robot Dante II, we implemented a gait controller to address this situation. Our approach is embodied in a network of asynchronous processes that establish a fundamental gait cycle while maintaining body posture, and reacting to bumps and slips. We describe our implementation, and its relation to similar behavioral approaches, and discuss Dante II's performance during testing and on its descent into Mount Spurr.
Psychiatric family history and neurological disease in autistic spectrum disorders

The authors obtained neurological assessments and psychiatric family history data for 40 children with autistic spectrum disorders (autism, Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder). Neurological evaluation included EEG, MRI, karyotyping and positron emission tomography as indicated. Family history data were obtained from family members during long-term follow-up. 20 probands had positive neurological findings, 18 with negative family history. 14 had no neurological findings and positive family histories; they tended to have higher function. Six had neither, and two had both. The segregation of neurological findings and familial affective disorder was highly significant. These findings suggest that an important subgroup of autistic spectrum disorders may be related etiologically to familial major affective disorders, and may represent the early-life onset of a severe phenotype of major affective, particularly bipolar, disease.
Time to administration of epinephrine and outcome after in-hospital cardiac arrest with non-shockable rhythms: retrospective analysis of large in-hospital data registry

Objective To determine if earlier administration of epinephrine (adrenaline) in patients with non-shockable cardiac arrest rhythms is associated with increased return of spontaneous circulation, survival, and neurologically intact survival. Design Post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data in a large multicenter registry of in-hospital cardiac arrests (Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation). Setting We utilized the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation database (formerly National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, NRCPR). The database is sponsored by the American Heart Association (AHA) and contains prospective data from 570 American hospitals collected from 1 January 2000 to 19 November 2009. Participants 119 978 adults from 570 hospitals who had a cardiac arrest in hospital with asystole (55%) or pulseless electrical activity (45%) as the initial rhythm. Of these, 83 490 arrests were excluded because they took place in the emergency department, intensive care unit, or surgical or other specialty unit, 10 775 patients were excluded because of missing or incomplete data, 524 patients were excluded because they had a repeat cardiac arrest, and 85 patients were excluded as they received vasopressin before the first dose of epinephrine. The main study population therefore comprised 25 095 patients. The mean age was 72, and 57% were men. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included sustained return of spontaneous circulation, 24 hour survival, and survival with favorable neurologic status at hospital discharge. Results 25 095 adults had in-hospital cardiac arrest with non-shockable rhythms. Median time to administration of the first dose of epinephrine was 3 minutes (interquartile range 1-5 minutes). There was a stepwise decrease in survival with increasing interval of time to epinephrine (analyzed by three minute intervals): adjusted odds ratio 1.0 for 1-3 minutes (reference group); 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.82 to 1.00; P=0.055) for 4-6 minutes; 0.74 (0.63 to 0.88; P 9 minutes. A similar stepwise effect was observed across all outcome variables. Conclusions In patients with non-shockable cardiac arrest in hospital, earlier administration of epinephrine is associated with a higher probability of return of spontaneous circulation, survival in hospital, and neurologically intact survival.
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression regulates proliferation in the postnatal rat retina.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to promote proliferation of both retinal progenitors and Muller glia in vitro, but several questions remain concerning an in vivo role for this factor. In this study, we investigated whether the EGF receptor (EGFR) is necessary for the maintenance of normal levels of progenitor and Muller glial proliferation in vivo. Here, we show that (1) mice with homozygous deletion of the Egfr gene have reduced proliferation in late stages of retinal histogenesis, (2) EGF is mitogenic for Muller glia in vivo during the first two postnatal weeks in the rodent retina, (3) the effectiveness of EGF as a Muller glial mitogen declines in parallel with the decline in EGFR expression as the retina matures, and (4) following damage to the retina from continuous light exposure, EGFR expression is up-regulated in Muller glia to levels close to those in the neonatal retina, resulting in a renewed mitotic response to EGF. Together with previous results from other studies, these data indicate that the downregulation of a growth factor receptor is one mechanism by which glial cells maintain mitotic quiescence in the mature nervous system.
Probabilistic error propagation in logic circuits using the Boolean difference calculus

A gate level probabilistic error propagation model is presented which takes as input the Boolean function of the gate, the signal and error probabilities of the gate inputs, and the gate error probability and produces the error probability at the output of the gate. The presented model uses the Boolean difference calculus and can be applied to the problem of calculating the error probability at the primary outputs of a multi-level Boolean circuit with a time complexity which is linear in the number of gates in the circuit. This is done by starting from the primary inputs and moving toward the primary outputs by using a post-order traversal. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach compared to the other known methods for error calculation in VLSI circuits.
All Work and No Play: Chaos, Incongruity and Différance in The Study of Religion

The last two decades have been fascinating and productive ones for theorists of religion. Recent work has offered a remarkably wide range of theoretical perspectives and possibilities that enrich our field even as they plunge us into vigorous theoretical debates. Amidst this contest—even confusion—some basic principles for guiding future work seem to be asserting themselves. Many think that, after a century of confusion and intermingling between theology and the study of religion, scholars of religion are finally in a position to establish the study of religion on properly academic, theoretical foundations. In this story Eliade’s antireductionist discourse of the “sacred” becomes the epitome and, it is hoped, the last gasp of religious studies as a quasi-theological discourse. Yet despite their efforts to guide the study of religion away from Eliade, many remain Eliadan insofar as they accept Eliade’s “locative” approach to religion. Yet is it really “theology” that is currently limiting the way we “imagine religion,” or might it be instead the refusal to think beyond religion’s locative function—a refusal very closely linked to the desire for academic respectability in a historicist age? Mark C. Taylor’s After God provocatively disturbs the idea that religion is primarily locative and, in doing so, also disturbs the boundaries between the theological and the theoretical, religion and the study of religion. I consider the significance of this virtual map of religion, by reading After
Slice sampling normalized kernel-weighted completely random measure mixture models

A number of dependent nonparametric processes have been proposed to model non-stationary data with unknown latent dimensionality. However, the inference algorithms are often slow and unwieldy, and are in general highly specific to a given model formulation. In this paper, we describe a large class of dependent nonparametric processes, including several existing models, and present a slice sampler that allows efficient inference across this class of models.
Further studies of mycobacteriophage 33D (warsaw) for differentiation of BCG from M. bovis and M. tuberculosis

Mycobacteriophage 33D (Warsaw) was used to differentiate Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) strains from M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Known strains as well as clinical strains of BCG were used in the study. Single plaque isolations and adsorption studies demonstrated that phage 33D (Warsaw) did not adsorb to BCG cultures.
Nuclear and spindle dynamics in budding yeast.

The wealth of information from genetic and more recently genomic studies of the budding yeast has been staggering. However, the small size of the organism has limited traditional cytological approaches. Thus there is a disparity in our detailed understanding of the genetic control of mitosis, for instance, relative to the morphology of mitosis. The application of time-lapse high-resolution digital-enhanced differential interference contrast (DE-DIC) and multimode fluoresence microscopy to studying yeast cell division has revealed a very dynamic process that reflects the interplay among microtubule dynamics, microtubule-based motor proteins, and positional determinants in the mother and bud (Salmon et al., 1998a ,b ; Shaw et al., 1997a ,b ).
Between God and the Party: Religion and Politics in Revolutionary Cuba

John Kirk's thorough look at the Cathlolic church, from colonial times to the present, shores up his argument that many influences in Fidel Castro's Cuba have pre-revolutionary roots. Kirk explores Castro's views on religion and their effects on the Cuban Revolution.
Graph entropy and quantum sorting problems

Let P = (X, 0 are constants and e(P) is the number of linear orderings consistent with P. Our proof builds on an interesting connection between sorting and Korner's graph entropy that was first noted and developed by Kahn and Kim (JCSS51(1995), 390--399).
Move2Love and Vibrancy: Community Dance/Fitness

The Move2Love program demonstrates the feasibility of establishing community-based programs involving dance and exercise to support physical and social well-being in older women. The social fitness program has been running continuously for 23 years. It currently involves 125 to 175 women between the ages of 54 and 94 in weekly rhythmic training sessions. In addition to meeting the initial goals of addiction avoidance in an at-risk population, this program has contributed to the well-being of participants, both by lowering disease burden, and by increasing physical, social, and psychological fitness. This article describes the program and explores the reasons that it has continued to work for over two decades. It also demonstrates the value experienced by participants in their own words. The Move2Love program could serve as a feasibility pilot for other communities wishing to create sustainable, salutary activity programming to enhance the well-being of senior women.
Average secrecy capacity of the Weibull fading channel

In this paper, the information-theoretic secrecy of Weibull fading channels is investigated. The present work is a generalization of the analysis on Rayleigh fading. This paper focuses on the scenario that the channel state information is available to the legitimate transmitter. The cases of single and multiple eavesdroppers are discussed. Several formulas of the average secrecy capacity are derived. Profile examples are illustrated and discussed.