cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laser Scintillation Measurements of the Temperature Spectrum in the Atmospheric Surface Layer.

Abstract The locally stationary temperature spectrum in the atmospheric surface layer is estimated using laser scintillation. The fluctuations of the parameters of the turbulence spectrum (the structure constant CT2 and inner scale l0) have a lognormal distribution. The average spectrum is calculated by averaging the locally stationary spectrum over these fluctuations. The average spectrum does not have a universal form. The fluctuations in the turbulence parameters produces a bias in measurements of the Obukhov-Corrsin constant and in estimates of energy dissipation rate ϵ based on average scintillation statistics. The performance of the scintillation technique and the accuracy of scintillation measurements of inner scale and structure constant are estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. One scintillation measurement can provide accurate estimates of the important turbulence parameters and the statistics of the fluctuations of these parameters. The scintillation estimates are true path-averaging estimate...
Posttraumatic stress associated with delayed recall of sexual abuse: A general population study

This study examined delayed recall of childhood sexual abuse in a stratified random sample of the general population (N = 505). Of participants who reported a history of sexual abuse, 42% described some period of time when they had less memory of the abuse than they did at the time of data collection. No demographic differences were found between subjects with continuous recall and those who reported delayed recall. However, delayed recall was associated with the use of threats at the time of the abuse. Subjects who had recently recalled aspects of their abuse reported particularly high levels of posttraumatic symptomatology and self difficulties (as measured by the IES, SCL, and TSI) at the time of data collection compared to other subjects.
Quantifying Enhanced Visual Inspection by Using A Laser Displacement Sensor

The Edge of Lighttrade is a patented technique of the Institute for Aerospace Research, National Research Council Canada. One application of interest is the inspection of aircraft lap joints for pillowing deformation caused by hidden corrosion. This rapid enhanced visual inspection technique provides an intuitive result, which is a representation of surface topography. In this study, the quantification of the surface deformation is investigated by using a laser displacement sensor as a calibration tool. A procedure that implements the reconstruction of 3D surface from Edge of Light scanning is proposed. Experimental results obtained from a bump simulator are presented
To the point: medical education reviews—providing feedback

Formative feedback is an essential component of effective teaching and learning. Without it, the learner flounders. Furthermore, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education requires formative feedback within the clerkship and specifies that students must have the time and ability to remediate deficiencies before completing the clerkship. Few articles in the medical literature address how to give effective feedback. However, the themes within these articles are consistent. Formative feedback should be an interactive activity between the teacher and learner. Feedback must be approached with mutual respect and should be provided in a safe environment. Quality feedback is timely, specific to the situation, constructive, based on direct observation and nonjudgmental. With effective feedback, learners (and teachers) can discover what to improve, as well as which behaviors and skills to reinforce and augment. Learners appreciate and request specific feedback. In addition, learners tend to rate teachers who provide feedback more highly than they rate teachers who do not provide feedback. This article in the "To the Point" series will focus on the components of effective feedback and provide a practical and effective approach to giving feedback.
LLG simulation of MRAM switching rates

In this paper we describe a new method for computing rates by LLG (Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert) simulation, and also show that the simple transition state theory (TST) approximation is not only very accurate. The problem of calculating MRAM switching rates has been well-studied for the case of thermal switching in uniaxial particles, mostly by solution of the Fokker-Planck (FP) equation for a non-steady state system.
Deep, Dark Secrets of Melatonin in Animal Evolution

Tosches et al. show that melatonin signaling regulates circadian swimming in annelid worms by rhythmically activating cholinergic neurons. This suggests an evolutionary connection between melatonin signaling in invertebrates and sleep regulation in vertebrates.
An introduction to narrowband AMPS

A brief overview is presented of a narrowband frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) cellular system for the USA which uses 10-kHz voice channel spacing. The system combines low-bit-rate signaling with narrowband FM utilizing evolutionary subscriber equipment. Field trials and validation testing are currently underway. >
Enhanced hybrid MPI-OpenMP parallel electromagnetic simulations based on low-rank compressions

Existing and emerging parallel computing clusters have nodes with multiple-core CPUs. The distributed-memory property across nodes and shared-memory property within a node coexist with each other. The hybrid architecture can be well exploited by combining the MPI (message passing interface) and OpenMP libraries. This combination is able to reduce memory usage and communication costs compared with either individual approach. In addition, the proposed hybrid static-dynamic load scheduling can yield excellent load-balancing without introducing extra cost. Careful implementation of OpenMP threads can diminish parallel overhead significantly, and expedite the iterative solver in several ways. Numerical experiments validate the high performance of the presented hybrid approach.
Teaching Students to Interpret Religious Poetry (and to Expand Their Avenues of Thinking).

Abstract. Teaching religion and theology requires interpretation of the vast corpus of religious poetry that is found in every religious tradition, but students are generally ill-equipped to interpret this material. Therefore teachers would do well to teach the students how to interpret religious poetry. This article discusses some of the challenges of teaching this material to students and discusses techniques and exercises that have been found useful in teaching students how to navigate the terrain of religious poetry.
Morphable memory system: a robust architecture for exploiting multi-level phase change memories

Phase Change Memory (PCM) is emerging as a scalable and power efficient technology to architect future main memory systems. The scalability of PCM is enhanced by the property that PCM devices can store multiple bits per cell. While such Multi-Level Cell (MLC) devices can offer high density, this benefit comes at the expense of increased read latency, which can cause significant performance degradation. This paper proposes Morphable Memory System (MMS), a robust architecture for efficiently incorporating MLC PCM devices in main memory. MMS is based on observation that memory requirement varies between workloads, and systems are typically over-provisioned in terms of memory capacity. So, during a phase of low memory usage, some of the MLC devices can be operated at fewer bits per cell to obtain lower latency. When the workload requires full memory capacity, these devices can be restored to high density MLC operation to have full main-memory capacity. We provide the runtime monitors, the hardware-OS interface, and the detailed mechanism for implementing MMS. Our evaluations on an 8-core 8GB MLC PCM-based system show that MMS provides, on average, low latency access for 95% of all memory requests, thereby improving overall system performance by 40%.
What Works for Children in Resisting Assaults

Although educators frequently try to teach children how to resist victimization, children's responses to actual threats and their perceptions of the effectiveness of those behaviors have not been systematically examined. In this national telephone survey, 1,011 boys and girls between the ages of 10 and 16 were questioned about how they responded to threatened assaults. Boys, especially those in their teens, used more aggressive forms of resistance and felt those strategies had been more effective, relative to younger children and girls. Children advised by their fathers to stand up and fight also felt more successful using aggressive resistance. The findings from the present analysis suggest that different children may feel more successful with different protection strategies. As such, this argues against a unifaceted or “one size fits all” approach to victimization prevention. Prevention educators are encouraged to consider tailoring their messages to different subgroups of children.
Improved control strategy for parallel logic programming

An attempt is made to formulate an improved control strategy for parallel logic programming systems and to verify its validity using the notion of the alternating Turing machine. The proposed control strategy is a combination of committed choice nondeterminism and the control-flow mechanism. It is shown that a natural reduction of the alternating Turing machine for the proposed control strategy yields a deterministic Turing whose complexity is linearly related to that of the alternating Turing machine. However, such a reduction for the conventional committed choice nondeterminism has complexity that is quadratically related to that of the alternating Turing machine. >
On the efficacy of commonly used ribonuclease inhibitors.

Abstract The ability of a number of commonly used inhibitors to inhibit pancreatic ribonuclease has been studied. At ribonuclease concentrations of 10 or 100 g/ml, heparin, polyvinylsulfate and proteinase K, at concentrations reported for their use in the literature, were ineffective in inhibiting RNase digestion of 3 H-uridine labelled RNA from Streptomyces antibioticus . In contrast, macaloid, diethylpyrocarbonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate were all effective inhibitors, with the degree of effectiveness decreasing in the order stated. Further, at inhibitor concentrations which allowed RNase conversion of only 50% of the labelled RNA to acid soluble products, a larger percentage of the acid insoluble digestion products sedimented in the “high molecular weight” range (4–16s) when macaloid was the inhibitor used than when diethylpyrocarbonate was the inhibitor.
Physical design of the "2.5D" stacked system

Excessive on-chip wire length and fast increasing fabrication cost have been the main factors impairing the effectiveness of monolithic system-on-chip. We investigate a die stacking based system integration strategy (2.5D system integration) to address these problems. The new scheme is design-tools-enabled rather than technology-driven. We developed a layout design framework, which is able to floorplan, place and route a VLSI design into stacked chips. Our results show that this new scheme has a potential to outperform its monolithic equivalent.
An adaptive sequential experimentation methodology for expensive response surface optimization - Case study in traumatic brain injury modeling

The preset response surface designs often lack the ability to adapt the design based on the characteristics of application and experimental space so as to reduce the number of experiments necessary. Hence, they are not cost effective for applications where the cost of experimentation is high or when the experimentation resources are limited. In this paper, we present an adaptive sequential methodology for n-dimensional response surface optimization (n-dimensional adaptive sequential response surface methodology (N-ASRSM)) for industrial experiments with high experimentation cost, which requires high design optimization performance. We also develop a novel risk adjustment strategy for effectively considering the effect of noise into the design. The N-ASRSM is a sequential adaptive experimentation approach, which uses the information from previous experiments to design the subsequent experiment by simultaneously reducing the region of interest and identifying factor combinations for new experiments. Its major advantage is the experimentation efficiency such that, for a given response target, it identifies the input factor combination in less number of experiments than the classical response surface methodology designs. We applied N-ASRSM to the problem of traumatic brain injury modeling and compared the result with the conventional central composite design. Also, through extensive simulated experiments with different quadratic and nonlinear cases, we show that the proposed N-ASRSM method outperforms the classical response surface methodology designs and compares favorably with other sequential response surface methodologies in the literature in terms of both design optimality and experimentation efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A COMPARISON OF THE RESOLVING POWER OF ACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AND CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR POLYLYSINE.

Abstract Polylysine peptides containing from 1 to 25 residues were not resolved by electrophoresis in acrylamide gel. Preparations with average molecular weights of 110,000, 71,000, and 50,000 were distinguishable electrophoretically by an increase in retardation with each increase in molecular weight. This was particularly evident from the separation of high and low molecular weight peptides in each of these preparations. The relative mobilities of all peptides were unaffected by a twofold change in gel concentration. Chromatography was superior to gel electrophoresis for the fractionation of the lower molecular weight peptides.
Interactive Effects of Rearing Temperature and Oxygen on the Development of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Although higher temperatures strongly stimulate ectothermic metabolic rates, they only slightly increase oxygen diffusion rates and decrease oxygen solubility. Consequently, we predicted that insect gas exchange systems would have more difficulty meeting tissue oxygen demands at higher temperatures. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster were reared from egg to adult in hyperoxic (40%), hypoxic (10%), and normoxic (21%) conditions and in temperatures ranging from 15°–31.5°C to examine the interactive effect of temperature and oxygen on development. Hyperoxia generally increased mass and growth rate at higher rearing temperatures. At lower rearing temperatures, however, hyperoxia had a very small effect on mass, did not affect growth rate, and lengthened time to eclosion. Relative to normoxia, flies reared in hypoxic conditions were generally smaller (mass and thorax length), had longer eclosion times, slower growth rates, and reduced survival. At cooler temperatures, hypoxia had relatively modest...
EFFECTS OF DISTURBANCE ON EPIPHYTIC COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE

Microdistributional patterns of attached algal communities on Cladophora and glass slides were compared under varying disturbance regimes in the Upper Mississippi River, using light and scanning electron microscopy. Localized physical disturbance, induced by boat traffic and wind-generated wave action in the main channel, inhibited development of complex attached algal communities and maintained an adnate flora with two-dimensional architecture. In contrast, communities protected from disturbance developed a more complex, three-dimensional architecture. A high degree of architectural similarity was observed between communities on Cladophora and glass substrates exposed to similar levels of disturbance. Communities exposed to severe disturbance resembled ones in early stages of colonization and development, whereas less disturbed communities were similar to ones in advanced stages of development. These results demonstrated that turbulence strongly influences the community structure of periphyton on both micro and macro scale levels.
Adaptive techniques for overcoming performance degradation due to aging in digital circuits

Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) in PMOS transistors has become a major reliability concern in present-day digital circuit design. Further, with the recent usage of Hf-based high-k dielectrics for gate leakage reduction, Positive Bias Temperature Instability (PBTI), the dual effect in NMOS transistors has also reached significant levels. Consequently, designers are required to build in substantial guard-bands into their designs, leading to large area and power overheads, in order to guarantee reliable operation over the lifetime of a chip. We propose a guard-banding technique based on adaptive body bias (ABB) and adaptive supply voltage (ASV), to recover the performance of an aged circuit, and compare its merits over previous approaches.
Intercellular bridges between germ cells in the developing ovary of the tadpole, Rana pipiens.

Ovaries obtained from the tadpole, Rana pipiens, and examined with the electron microscope revealed that many of the developing germ cells were joined together by intercellular bridges. All connections exhibited electron-dense material on the inner surface of the plasma membrane, thus demonstrating the same basic structure as intercellular bridges described in other species. However, the presence of a sleeve-like subsurface cistern beneath the dense border in the tadpole produces a morphologically more complex connection. A variety of cytoplasmic organelles, including mitochondria and elements of the endoplasmic reticulum, were seen within the confines of these bridges. Possible functions of intercellular bridges are discussed and it is suggested that certain developing germ cells function as nurse cells like those described in some invertebrates.
Characterization and statistical modeling of irregular porosity in carbon/carbon composites based on X‐ray microtomography data

moments of inertia are constructed. Based on this information, a statistically significant range of pore geometry parameters is determined for evaluation of their contribution to the effective elastic properties of the material. Using the design of experiment approach, a subset of 53 pores is selected for the finite element simulations. The results are analyzed to construct a 3-factor stochastic model of a pore contribution to the overall elastic response based on its geometric parameters. It is determined that the non-dimensionalized surface to volume ratio factor plays an important role for pores in this type of material. A 4-factor model incorporating this ratio is proposed. The model is validated by direct finite element simulations for a set of 150 randomly selected pores not included in the initial subset. The accuracy of the proposed approach is compared with the traditionally used approximation of pores by equivalent ellipsoids.
Osteoarticular Allograft Transplantation for Large Humeral Head Defects in Glenohumeral Instability

During traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation, significant derangement of normal anatomy occurs. Open and arthroscopic techniques alike have emphasized anatomic reconstruction of anterior capsulolabral structures while often neglecting associated osteoarticular pathology. Recent studies have shown that failure rates after Bankart repair are dramatically higher in the presence of large glenohumeral bone defects, yet little has been written about how to best address these lesions. Historically, these patients will undergo multiple procedures culminating with nonanatomic solutions to constrain the humeral head (coracoid transfer or open capsular shift). Significant loss of motion yields unacceptable results in a high-demand athletic population. We present a new approach to athletic, highly functional patients with recurrent anterior instability and large humeral head defects (Hill-Sachs lesion). Anterior capsulolabral pathology is addressed arthroscopically, and the Hill-Sachs lesion is then addressed via a limited posterior approach to the humeral head. Osteoarticular allograft transplantation is performed by use of a single plug to fill the defect. As described, this procedure can be performed in a single operative setting or as a staged procedure for those patients who still have subjective subluxation as a result of continued engagement of a large humeral head defect after Bankart repair. Importantly, our posterior approach does not require takedown of the anterior capsulolabral repair to address the bone defect. We have performed this procedure in a 19-year-old enlisted US Navy seaman, with excellent short-term results. At 1-year of follow-up, he has returned to full active military duty without restriction.
NORMLESSNESS, POWERLESSNESS, AND TROUBLE WITH THE LAW*

This paper examines the conditions under which normlessness leads to trouble with the law and the mechanisms through which social structure affects trouble with the law. Objective conditions of structural inconsistency, common in low socioeconomic positions, can lead to normlessness. The results presented here show that the association of normlessness and trouble with the law depends on whether normlessness is combined with a sense of powerlessness or with one of instrumentalism. Among persons who see themselves as powerless, normlessness is not associated with trouble with the law. Among persons who see themselves as instrumental, normlessness is associated with greater trouble with the law.
Characteristics of Exceptional or Super Responders to Cancer Drugs

Abstract Objective To summarize case reports of exceptional and super responders already published in the biomedical literature. Patients and Methods We searched for published case reports or abstracts of exceptional or super responders to a cancer drug using PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Pooling such reports is widely considered a promising research strategy and the subject of several ongoing investigations, including the National Cancer Institute's Exceptional Responders Initiative. All articles were read in full, including relevant references. We extracted clinical characteristics of exceptional or super responders, including age, tumor type, drug, genetic mutations, depth of response, duration of response, number of previous lines of therapy, duration of response to a previous line of therapy, and the number of patients treated similarly to identify the exceptional case. This study was performed between March 1, 2015, and April 30, 2015. Results Among 489 articles, 32 exceptional responders were identified. The most common malignancies described were renal cell cancer (5 of 32 [16%]) and urothelial carcinoma (4 of 32 [13%]). The use of targeted agents was common in these cases (26 of 32 [81%]), particularly inhibitors of the mTOR pathway (16 of 32 [50%]). The median duration of response among responders was 17.5 months, and 59% (19 of 32) of the patients were last known to be alive with continuing response or stable disease. Notably, 46% (12 of 26) of the patients had received 2 or more previous lines of therapy and 6 of the 32 cases (19%) did not report this information. Few authors report the number of patients treated similarly to observe the super response (12 of 32 [38%]). Conclusion Exceptional or super responders to cancer drugs have been described in the literature; however, there is incompleteness in the reporting of relevant data that may help clarify whether such responses are secondary to treatment or reflect underlying biology.
Poster: Rapid development of natural user interaction using kinect sensors and VRPN

The availability of low-cost natural user interaction (NUI) hardware took a significant step forward in 2010 with the introduction of the Microsoft Kinect. Despite significant work on the available software development kits for the Kinect, tasks beyond simple single-Kinect skeleton tracking remain challenging to implement. This paper introduces a software tool that significantly accelerates the prototyping and implementation of NUI in virtual reality, particularly for developers with limited programming skills. This is achieved by creating a graphical user interface to provide a consistent development environment for defining Kinect settings and voice commands. This is coupled with a server to transmit skeleton and voice information using the Virtual Reality Peripheral Network (VRPN). Furthermore, the system is capable of combining data from multiple Kinect sensors into one data stream, abstracting the implementation details so the designer may focus on the environment creation and development.
Stability analysis of discrete-time systems with actuator saturation by a saturation-dependent Lyapunov function

In this paper, the stability of discrete-time linear systems subject to actuator saturation is analyzed using a saturation-dependent Lyapunov function. This saturation-dependent Lyapunov function captures the real-time information on the severity of actuator saturation and leads to less conservative estimate of the domain of attraction, which is based on the solution of an LMI optimization problem. Numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Young Adults' Perceived Purposes of Emerging Adulthood: Implications for Cohabitation

The authors investigated associations between young adults' perceived purposes of emerging adulthood and their attitudes toward and participation in cohabitation. In a sample of 775 never married individuals, ages 18-29 (69% female, 69% white) from the United States, young people's perceptions of this period of life were associated with their acceptance of cohabitation, their reasoning for accepting cohabitation, and the likelihood of cohabiting. Results showed that the perception that emerging adulthood is a time to prepare for future family roles was negatively associated with acceptance of cohabitation whereas the perception that emerging adulthood is a time to take risks was positively associated with acceptance of cohabitation. The perception that emerging adulthood is a time to prepare for future family roles was associated with an increased likelihood of having cohabited while the perception that emerging adulthood is a time of possibilities was associated with a decreased likelihood of having cohabited. Implications for future research are discussed.
Translating new basic immunology into human immunotherapies: What works and what doesn’t

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 SY01-2 Our goal is to design new immunotherapies for patients with advanced cancer. Our strategy is based on the use of animal models and human in vitro assays to test hypotheses and to translate the most promising of these therapies into human clinical trials. The process is an iterative one that involves close collaboration with basic researchers, biotech scientists and experimental clinicians. We recently reported a summary of our own attempts over the past dozen years using varieties of highly pre-clinically optimized cancer vaccines pts in 440 patients. The response rates were very low ( 50%. (JCO, In Press). Preclinically, we are exploring the use of common gamma-chain cytokines (especially IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21-tumor).[7][7]–[9][8] Mouse models continue to be useful tools in the development of immunotherapies for patients. We have developed six new T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse strains, including pmel-1, in which virtually all (>95%) CD8+ T cells express a TCR capable of recognizing an epitope from gp100 presented both the B16 tumor and melanocytes.[10][9] We have recently made the pmel-1 TCR transgenic strain available at the Jackson Labs. Another useful new transgenic mouse developed in our laboratory, named JR209, is a human/mouse chimera expressing human TCR α/β variable regions spliced onto mouse constant regions that specifically recognizes the gp100 209-217 epitope in the context of a chimeric HLA-A*0201/Kb molecule.[11][10] We have used these new TCR transgenic mice and others created in our laboratory to study in vitro and in vivo the activation and proliferation of self-specific T cells and the autoimmune consequences of targeting normal self-antigens including vitiligo as well as a heretofore un-described, CD8+ T cell-mediated, steroid-sensitive uveitis in mouse and man (D Palmer, In Preparation). We have also studied the kinetics of a successful anti-tumor response including the phenotype and functional characteristics of T cells that destroy tumors.[12][11] [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #ref-5 [6]: #ref-6 [7]: #ref-7 [8]: #ref-9 [9]: #ref-10 [10]: #ref-11 [11]: #ref-12
KSHV gB associated RGD interactions promote attachment of cells by inhibiting the potential migratory signals induced by the disintegrin-like domain

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) glycoprotein B (gB) is not only expressed on the envelope of mature virions but also on the surfaces of cells undergoing lytic replication. Among herpesviruses, KSHV gB is the only glycoprotein known to possess the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) binding integrin domain critical to mediating cell attachment. Recent studies described gB to also possess a disintegrin-like domain (DLD) said to interact with non-RGD binding integrins. We wanted to decipher the roles of two individually distinct integrin binding domains (RGD versus DLD) within KSHV gB in regulating attachment of cells over cell migration.
Experimental investigation on the effect of evaporator design and application of work recovery on the performance of two-phase ejector liquid recirculation cycles with R410A

Abstract In this paper, vapor-compression cycles using the work recovered by an ejector to provide liquid recirculation are investigated experimentally with R410A. The ejector recirculation cycle, in which the ejector is used to recirculate liquid through the evaporator but not directly increase compressor suction pressure, and the standard two-phase ejector cycle, in which the ejector can directly unload the compressor and recirculate liquid, are compared to each other and to a baseline DX cycle without an ejector. The comparison is performed with two different evaporators, both having the same air-side area but one having only half the refrigerant-side area. The results show that COP improvement of up to 16% with the ejector recirculation cycle and 9% with the standard ejector cycle is obtained, but the COP of each cycle is very dependent on evaporator design. The cycle with the highest COP depends on given evaporator design and ambient temperature.
EVI1, A Potential Regulator Of CEBPA; A Contributory Mechanism In Leukemogenesis?

Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 (EVI1) is a zinc finger oncoprotein implicated in a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia associated with poor prognosis. Leukemic cells overexpressing EVI1 display a block in myeloid differentiation and resistance to apoptosis, both of which are reversed with EVI1 shRNA knockdown. Previous mutagenesis studies have shown that DNA binding via the first set of zinc fingers (ZF1) is critical for leukemic transformation by EVI1. The mediators between EVI1 DNA-binding and leukemogenesis are mostly unknown. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-Seq) in myeloid leukemic cells, we have recently identified an evolutionarily conserved EVI1 binding site 35 kilobases downstream of Cebpa , encoding the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha, a master regulator of early granulopoiesis. In order to obtain a better understanding of the potential regulatory role of this region in leukemogenesis, we used genome database analysis to see what other transcription factors or epigenetic marks are present. ChIP-Seq data deposited in the UCSC databank indicates the presence of CTCF, GATA2 and CEBPβ, as well as TAL1, p300, and GATA1 in leukemic cells, the latter three of which are known to bind together in a complex. This data suggests that the Cebpa +35 region serves an important role in regulating hematopoietic development and Cebpa transcription. In order to characterize the binding of EVI1 ZF1 to the Cebpa +35 site, we performed methylation interference assays and oligonucleotide mutagenesis assays. EVI1 ZF1 binds within this +35kb control region to the sequence TGACAGTGACGG with 133% affinity relative to the canonical motif. In an effort to assess any biological effects linked to EVI1 binding at the Cebpa +35 motif, we conducted EVI1 overexpression studies in the EML hematopoietic progenitor cell line. While control EML cells exhibited marked upregulation of Cebpa upon induction, EVI1-transduced cells displayed a significant suppression of Cebpa transcript. To determine if this suppression requires DNA binding, we tested a mutant of EVI1 that is defective in DNA binding (EVI1R205N); this was unable to suppress Cebpa induction. To test whether EVI1 can bind to the +35 KB site, we performed ChIP-PCR, which indeed showed EVI1 occupancy at the +35 KB site. In conclusion, we have shown evidence that EVI1 suppresses Cebpa transcription in early hematopoietic progenitor cells, and that the EVI1 binding site at Cebpa +35 serves an important function in myeloid maturation. This regulatory node represents a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Pre-military victimization and trauma among a sample of justice-involved veterans

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e34–e117 e89 Brief guide to prevent overdose fatality for prescription opioid abusers: A harm reduction initiative Lauren E. Sandstrom1, Paul Coplan1, Howard Chilcoat1, Fred W. Brason2, Carl Leukefeld3, Louis A. Morris4 1 Purdue Pharma, Stamford, CT, United States 2 Project Lazarus, Moravian Falls, NC, United States 3 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States 4 Louis A Morris & Assoc., Dix Hills, NY, United States Aims: Pharmaceutical companies are required by FDA to distribute Medication Guides to patients with each pill bottle of extended-release opioids educating them on safe use. However, a large portion of overdoses occur among abusers without prescriptions. To fill this gap, a 1-page Guide was developed targeted to opioid abusers and friends/families, which provides information to reduce risk of fatal overdose. Methods:Adraft Guidewas developedwith input fromexperts. The draft addressed key risks and effective steps to intervene in 5 areas:What are the risks?What are the signs? How do I respond to an overdose in another person?What increases the risks? Help for drug treatment. Qualitative researchwas conducted usingmultiple diverse focus groups (FG) composed of 8–15daily non-medical opioid users. Phase I focused on version (concise versus detailed) and Phase II focused on participants’ understanding and acceptance of content. Results: Phase I testing determined a concise version was preferred over a detailed one (368 vs. 611words) but some items from the detailed version were considered valuable e.g., list of opioids. Phase II examined a single version of revised content in 2 diverse rural FG in KY and NC. Themes highlighted by both FG included the dangers of mixing drugs and alcohol and increasing doses to get high. The groups differed on preferred order of presentation of content. The recommendation to Call 911 was identified as risky in KY, but not in NC where Good Samaritan legislation was in place. FG participants highlighted key information in the Guide that was learned including <10breaths/minute and snoring as signs of overdose. However, there was strong adherence tomyth or actions that do not work and waste time in overdose response e.g., ice or cold showers. Conclusions: A simple guide to prevent opioid overdose and its consequences was found to be useful and was accepted by nonmedical opioid users. Financial support: Purdue Pharma L.P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.610 Pre-military victimization and trauma among a sample of justice-involved veterans Leon Sawh1,2,3, Debra A. Pinals4,2, David Smelson1,2, Carl Fulwiler2, Stephanie Singer2, Kathryn O’Connor2, William Fisher3, Stephanie Hartwell5, Gerardo Gonzalez2 1 Department of Veterans Affairs, Bedford, MA, United States 2 University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States 3 University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States 4 Massachusetts Department of Mental Health, Boston, MA, United States 5 University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA,
Phage multiplication on two hosts. Isolation and activity of variants of staphylococcus phage P1.

SummaryAnalysis of phage activity by titration on two hosts has revealed the presence of variants hitherto undetected in stock phage P1. One isolate, Phage 14, exhibits great changes in titration ratio on passage through the two hosts K1 and WF 145. Produced on K1 cells, the ratio of free phage assayed on two hosts is 1.3, whereas made on 145 cells, the free phage titrates in a ratio 145/K1 of ca 40. This occurs regardless of the host employed in previous passage and is reproduced in the very first burst from infected cells. Attempts to isolate different strains from this phage by usual plaque isolation technics were not successful. The high ratio obtained with free phage made on 145 cells could not be explained on the basis of differences in adsorption onto or latent periods in the two hosts. The difference was traced to the production of a large number of particles from host 145 which adsorbed on K1 but formed no plaques. No evidence was found for an inhibitor of K1 activity associated with phage 14 pro...
Isolation of an androgenic compound from the adrenal venous blood of cows.

SummaryA fraction isolated from adrenal venous blood of cows has been demonstrated to have androgenic activity and to contain a compound giving the reaction for 17-ketosteroids. Its exact chemical structure has not been established due to the small quantity of the substance available for analysis.
Integrated scheduling and resource management

This paper examines the problem of integrated scheduling during the Space Station era. Scheduling for Space Station entails coordinating the support of many distributed users who are sharing common resources and pursuing individual and sometimes conflicting objectives. This paper compares the scheduling integration problems of current missions with those anticipated for the Space Station era. It examines the facilities and the proposed operations environment for Space Station. It concludes that the pattern of interdependecies among the users and facilities, which are the source of the integration problem is well structured, allowing a dividing of the larger problem into smaller problems. It proposes an architecture to support integrated scheduling by scheduling efficiently at local facilities as a function of dependencies with other facilities of the program. A prototype is described that is being developed to demonstrate this integration concept.
When i Look at a Tomato There is Much i Cannot See

... the colour, taste, figure, solidity, and other qualities, combined in a peach or melon, are conceived to form one thing; and that on account of their close relation, which make them affect the thought in the same manner, as if perfectly uncompounded. But the mind rests not here. Whenever it views the object in another light, it finds that all these qualities are different, and distin guishable, and separable from each other; which view of things being destruc tive of its primary and more natural notions, obliges the imagination to feign an unknown something, or original substance and matter, as a principle of un ion or cohesion among these qualities, and as what may give the compound object a title to be called one thing, notwithstanding its diversity and composi tion. (Treatise [Selby-Bigge], p. 221, second italics added.)
Comparison of Imported with Locally Retrieved Kidneys preserved by Intracellular Electrolyte Flushing Followed by Cold Storage

AbstractIce-cold intracellular electrolyte flushing followed by cold storage and economy air shipment is the cheapest method to share kidneys for transplantation. This study from 1 center compares 62 primary cadaver kidney grafts imported from other centers to 128 that were retrieved locally. Cold ischemia time was 36.4 plus or minus 8.6 hours (mean plus or minus standard deviation) in the imported group and 24.2 plus or minus 8.8 hours in the locally retrieved group. The significant increase in first week dialysis (71 versus 42 per cent) and 1-month serum creatinine nadirs (2.63 plus or minus 2.73 versus 1.78 plus or minus 1.04mg./dl.) was explained by longer cold ischemia times in the imported kidney grafts. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to actuarial kidney graft survivals and serum creatinine levels at 1, 2 and 3 years. Intracellular electrolyte flushing followed by simple cold storage and air transportation provides kidney graft survivals and long-term kidney ...
Association between Intraocular Pressure and Rates of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Loss Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography

Purpose To evaluate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and rates of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness change over time measured by spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT). Design Observational cohort study. Participants The study involved 547 eyes of 339 patients followed up for an average of 3.9±0.9 years. Three hundred eight (56.3%) had a diagnosis of glaucoma and 239 (43.7%) were considered glaucoma suspects. Methods All eyes underwent imaging using the Spectralis SD OCT (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany), along with IOP measurements and standard automated perimetry (SAP). Glaucoma progression was defined as a result of "Likely Progression" from the Guided Progression Analysis software for SAP. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the relationship between average IOP during follow-up and rates of RNFL thickness change, while taking into account potential confounding factors such as age, race, corneal thickness, and baseline disease severity. Main Outcome Measures The association between IOP and rates of global and sectorial RNFL thickness loss measured by SD OCT. Results Forty-six eyes (8.4%) showed progression on SAP during follow-up. Rates of global RNFL thickness change in eyes that progressed by SAP were faster than in those that did not progress (−1.02 vs. −0.61 μm/year, respectively; P = 0.002). For progressing eyes, each 1-mmHg higher average in IOP during follow-up was associated with an additional average loss of 0.20 μm/year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08 to 0.31 μm/year; P P = 0.015) for nonprogressing eyes. The largest associations between IOP and rates of RNFL change were seen for measurements from the temporal superior and temporal inferior sectors, whereas the smallest association was seen for measurements from the nasal sector. Conclusions Higher levels of IOP during follow-up were associated with faster rates of RNFL loss over time measured by SD OCT. These findings support the use of SD OCT RNFL thickness measurements as biomarkers for the evaluation of the efficacy of IOP-lowering therapies to slow down the rate of disease progression.
Long Term Humoral Immunity Is Dependent on CD28 Expression In Plasma Cells

Abstract 1737 Protective immunity against infection requires sustained antibody production by long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) that survive for years/decades within specialized niches. What regulates/supports this survival remains largely unknown. However, is has been shown normal and transformed (human multiple myeloma) LLPC are critically dependent on the bone marrow microenvironment including cell-to-cell interactions. Leading us to rationalize, modulating this interaction could either enhance antibody production for cancer vaccine development or conversely compromise the survival of transformed/normal LLPC in the bone marrow microenvironment. We have shown the T cell costimulatory receptor CD28 expressed on both normal and transformed LLPC plays an essential role. While LLPC and short-lived plasma cells (SLPC) both express CD28, its activation in vitro only significantly increases the survival and IgG production of LLPC. These observations led us to directly investigate the role of CD28 in LLPC survival as well as cell-cell interactions with CD80/CD86 + bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC). Utilizing normal murine bone marrow and splenic PC as our model system we further investigated the role of CD28 in LLPC function and survival. We have previously shown, i n vitro serum starvation experiments, direct activation of CD28 increased survival of LLPC by 12-fold (p -/- PC had no increase in survival when cocultured with BMDC, suggesting a direct role for CD28 in PC-DC interaction. Consistent with these findings we now show that in vivo , vaccinated bone marrow CD28 -/- :μMT chimeras had significantly reduces long-term antibody titers and LLPC (but not SLPC) survival from t 1/2 of 426 to 63 days. Additionally, LLPC CD28 modulates the microenvironment by inducing CD80/CD86 + stromal cell production of the supportive cytokine IL-6 (p -/- BMDC maintained equivalent LLPC numbers, interestingly however LLPC cocultures with BMDC showed a 3-fold increase of IgG compared to LLPC cocultured with IL-6 -/- BMDC (p Disclosures: Boise: University of Chicago: Patents & Royalties.
Secure key management for 5G physical layer security

Next generation 5G wireless networks pose several important security challenges. One fundamental challenge is key management between the two communicating parties. The goal is to establish a common secret key through an unsecured wireless medium. In this paper, we introduce a new physical layer paradigm for secure key exchange between the legitimate communication parties in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. The proposed method ensures secrecy via pre-equalization and guarantees reliable communications by the use of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes. One of the main findings of this paper is to demonstrate through simulations that the diversity order of the eavesdropper will be zero unless the main and eavesdropping channels are almost correlated, while the probability of key mismatch between the legitimate transmitter and receiver will be low. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves very low secret key mismatch between the legitimate users, while ensuring very high error probability at the eavesdropper.
Dynamic Radioisotope Power System development for space exploration

Dynamic power conversion offers the potential to produce Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) that generate higher power outputs and utilize the available heat source plutonium fuel more efficiently than Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators. Additionally, dynamic systems offer the potential of producing generators with significantly reduced power degradation over the course of deep space missions so that more power would be available at the end of the mission, when it is needed most for both powering science instruments and transmitting the resulting data. The development of dynamic generators involves addressing technical issues not typically associated with traditional thermoelectric generators. Developing long-life, robust, and reliable dynamic conversion technology is challenging yet essential to building a suitable flight-ready generator. Considerations include working within existing hardware-handling infrastructure, where possible, so that development costs can be kept low, and integrating dynamic generators into spacecraft, which may be more complex than integration of static thermoelectric systems. Methods of interfacing to and controlling a dynamic generator must also be considered, and new potential failure modes must be taken into account. This paper will address some of the key issues of dynamic RPS design, development, and adaption.