cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A nonlinear superposition principle admitted by coupled Riccati equations of the projective type

A definite theorem due to Lie which group theoretically characterizes those systems of ordinary differential equations which possess nonlinear superposition principles is employed along with an observation by Lie on the exponentiated form of a fibered Lie algebra to obtain an explicit expression for the Vessiot-Guldberg-Lie nonlinear superposition principle admitted by n-coupled Riccati equations of the projective type. This also, immediately, yields an explicit expression for the generalized cross-ratio for the projective group in n-dimensions.
The Impact of Biochemistry vs. Population Membership on Floral Scent Profiles in Colour Polymorphic Hesperis matronalis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies of floral scent evolution often attribute variation in floral scent to differences in pollinator behaviour, ignoring the potential for shared biochemistry between floral scent and floral colour to dictate patterns of phenotypic variation in scent production. To determine the relative effects of shared biochemistry and/or localized population-level phenomena on floral scent phenotype, floral scent composition and emission rate were examined in five wild populations of colour polymorphic Hesperis matronalis (Brassicaceae). METHODS Floral scent was collected by in situ dynamic headspace extraction on purple and white colour morphs in each of five wild populations. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of extracts allowed determination of floral scent composition and emission rate for all individuals, which were examined by non-metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively, to determine the contributions of floral colour and population membership to scent profile variation. KEY RESULTS Despite the fact that colour morph means were very similar in some populations and quite different in other populations, colour morphs within populations did not differ from each other in terms of scent composition or emission rate. Populations differed significantly from one another in terms of both floral scent composition and emission rate. CONCLUSIONS Shared biochemistry alone cannot explain the variation in floral scent phenotype found for H. matronalis. Such a result may suggest that the biochemical association between floral scent and floral colour is complex or dependent on genetic background. Floral scent does vary significantly with population membership; several factors, including environmental conditions, founder effects and genetics, may account for this differentiation and should be considered in future studies.
Genetics of childhood disorders: XLVII. Autism, part 6: duplication and inherited susceptibility of chromosome 15q11-q13 genes in autism.

253Autism is a neuropsychiatric disorder that exhibits high heri-tability and is considered to have a complex genetic etiology. Asibling of a child with autism has a 25 to 50 times greater riskfor developing autism than someone in the general population.Autism displays both clinical and genetic heterogeneity, as reviewedin last month’s column. A different set of genes may confer riskin different families or individuals (genetic heterogeneity), anddifferent siblings in a given family may have a different clinical
Job performance aids

Research and experience have shown that job performance aids (JPAs) are a cost‐effective alternative or supplement to training. Based on job and task analysis information, they store essential details on performance in a variety of functional and durable forms for use just before or during task performance. Although most JPAs are in printed (hard copy) form, a series of illustrations or directions on an audio or video tape as well as information on a computer screen are also JPAs when they reduce the amount of information to be remembered, specify what actions to take, and indicate when to take each action. The five basic types of JPAs are procedural guide, worksheet, checklist, decision table and flowchart. Describes each type and provides preparation guidelines, along with examples. Also presents important information on layout and format, including the use of illustrations and how to provide emphasis, as well as on effective writing. A comprehensive four‐step quality control procedure describes how the effectiveness and value of JPAs can be confirmed.
P -values, Power, and Efficacy

P-values, power, and the effect size of the research effort are all intertwined, and this complicated interrelationship can lead to danger for the unwary research designer. Forcing type I error to extremely low levels, ceteris paribus will suck the power from the experiment. Sample size computations in Appendix B demonstrate how to incorporate type I and type II error concerns into an experiment. The investigations should first identify the efficacy level of clinical interest and then choose the sample size that allows this efficacy level to be identified with statistical significance.
Convection Heat Transfer

There are only two fundamental physical modes of energy transfer, conduction and radiation. In conduction, energy slowly diffuses through a medium from a point of higher temperature to a point of lower temperature, whereas in radiation, energy is transmitted with the speed of light by electromagnetic waves (or photons), and a transmitting medium is not required. Thus from a conceptual viewpoint, convection is not a basic mode of heat transfer. Instead, it occurs by a combined effect of conduction (and/or radiation) and the motion of the transmitting medium.
Reply to Comments on: 'The Effect of Client Integrity, Litigation, and Culture on European Materiality Estimates'

We wish to thank our discussants Ananda Ganguly and Cynthia Turner for their comments and suggestions on our study. In responding to their comments, we will follow the sequence they used: (1) motivation, (2) theory and design, (3) analysis, and (4) "what do we learn". In this reply, we introduce research by Au (1999), Husted (1999), and Jeurissen and van Lukjk (1998) that was not cited in our original research. The second author became aware of these studies while teaching a course in business ethics during the spring semester of 2001 (i.e., after the paper was accepted for publication). We believe that this additional research addresses our discussants concern about the strength of our argument that there is an association between Hofstede's (1980) Uncertainty Avoidance construct and materiality.
“I Thought I Could Endure Him But Now I Cannot” – Gendered Sensory Landscapes in MKetubot 7.7-10 and Parallels

Four consecutive mishnayot , Mishna Ketubot 7.7-7.10, concerning the rights of men and women to end marriage and betrothal are examined through the lens of two overlapping theoretical frames, anthropology of the senses and legal aesthetics, in the process expanding traditional scholarly methodologies used to examine early rabbinic halakhah and the culture in which it emerged through the use of interdisciplinary theory. Using these theoretical frames, as yet unexploited as far as rabbinic halakhah is concerned, this study highlights the intersection of sensory experience and gender in rabbinic ideologies of marriage, through analysis of the language, rhetoric and formal structure of early rabbinic halakhic texts.
Simulating quarks

Over the past 25 years (1979-2004), the theoretical-particle physicists who practice lattice-gauge theory have become some of the most frequent users of supercomputing cycles. Although we've long known that atoms consist of electrons surrounding a nucleus made of nucleons (protons and neutrons), we've recently learned that at a deeper level, the nucleons themselves are composites. We can best explain the strong forces between them by assuming they are composed of three quarks interacting via fields called gluons. The need for three constituents helps explain much of the zoo of similar states seen in particle physics experiments. Certain intractable aspects of the interactions between quarks and gluons have driven us to the computer. Indeed, large-scale simulations have helped us make major inroads into issues highly resistant to traditional approaches. Lattice-gauge theory provides a controlled scheme for studying strong interactions at low energies. The article shows that the main tools are powerful but demanding algorithms (such as conjugate-gradient sparse matrix inversions). Still-unsolved issues involve the "sign" problem and the basic formulation of parity violation on the lattice. Although we certainly need additional computing capability, we also need new ideas.
The Stability of Lattice Mismatched Thin Films

We examine the linear stability of a planar, alloy thin film, exposed to a deposition flux from the vapor. The film surface is subject to stresses generated by compositional inhomogeneity, as well as by film-substrate lattice mismatch. In addition to the misfit induced surface instability shown by numerous previous studies, we find that the deposition flux alone can produce instability and that complex interactions occur when both deposition and surface transport processes are present. Solute expansion stresses result in several novel behaviors. Under certain circumstances, the growing film can be completely stabilized by a tensile misfit and destabilized by the same magnitude of compressive misfit. The predictions of this theory are compared to the results of several experimental studies.
Template-assisted GLAD: approach to single and multipatch patchy particles with controlled patch shape.

Template-assisted glancing angle deposition (GLAD) is explored for the fabrication of single and multipatch patchy particles with one or more patches of controlled but asymmetric shape. The template is used to ensure the formation of uniform patchy particles, whereas rotation of the template gives access to a large number of asymmetric patch shapes caused by the shadowing effect of the templating groove and/or the neighboring particle. Careful analysis with a straightforward geometric model reveals the effect of the angle of incidence, rotational angle, groove size, and particle size on the patch shape. Initial magnetic field assembly results are presented to illustrate the removal of patchy particles from their template and accessibility to a large number of patchy particles. Two-patch particles with overlapping patches are also accessible by means of secondary metal vapor deposition. The connectivity of these two patches on each particle and the predictable size of the overlapping section provide access...
Impella CP-assisted balloon aortic valvuloplasty

Percutaneous ventricular assist device (PVAD) use in balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) has been performed sporadically. The PVAD used was TandemHeart. A few cases were reported using Impella 2.5 device. We report the first case of Impella CP-assisted BAV. The use of PVAD has been contraindicated in severe aortic stenosis (AS). However, the various benefits of PVAD, including circulatory support and minimizing interruption of blood flow during balloon inflation, made its use attractive in high-risk BAV. We recommend that severe AS no more stays as a contraindication to the use of PVADs. .
Heterogeneous impacts of gender-interpreted contributing factors on driver injury severities in single-vehicle rollover crashes

In this study, a mixed logit model is developed to identify the heterogeneous impacts of gender-interpreted contributing factors on driver injury severities in single-vehicle rollover crashes. The random parameter of the variables in the mixed logit model, the heterogeneous mean, is elaborated by driver gender-based linear regression models. The model is estimated using crash data in New Mexico from 2010 to 2012. The percentage changes of factors' predicted probabilities are calculated in order to better understand the model specifications. Female drivers are found more likely to experience severe or fatal injuries in rollover crashes than male drivers. However, the probability of male drivers being severely injured is higher than female drivers when the road surface is unpaved. Two other factors with fixed parameters are also found to significantly increase driver injury severities, including Wet and Alcohol Influenced. This study provides a better understanding of contributing factors influencing driver injury severities in rollover crashes as well as their heterogeneous impacts in terms of driver gender. Those results are also helpful to develop appropriate countermeasures and policies to reduce driver injury severities in single-vehicle rollover crashes.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Language: en
[User's requests (from a practitioner's perspective)].

UNLABELLED As a practitioner, I have to rely on outside clinical laboratories and affiliated hospitals to perform laboratory tests. In this abstract, I describe specific problems I have encountered with third-party laboratories, and propose solutions for these problems to optimize use of laboratory tests. BLOOD TESTS: The most frequent problem in ordering blood tests is the lack of detailed information regarding sampling conditions. I often have to call laboratories to check whether the sample should be serum or plasma, what volume is needed, whether the sample should be cooled, etc. I propose that clinical laboratories should provide practitioners' manuals that describe specific sampling information. ULTRASONOGRAPHY Most laboratories do not keep the data from ultrasonographic tests. The lack of these is most problematic when test results are interpreted differently by laboratories and by practitioners. Retaining the data would also help private laboratories improve the quality of the test by enabling them to compare their interpretations with others'. ANNUAL MEDICAL SCREENING: Even if an abnormal finding is detected at medical screening clinics, the final diagnosis is usually not sent back to the screening facilities. This is highly recommended to establish an official system that mediates the feedback to screening centers. MRI: Due to miscommunication between practitioners and radiologists, the test is sometimes performed inappropriately. A thorough consultation should occur before the test to clarify specific goals for each patient. PATHOLOGICAL TESTS: Interpretation of results is often inconsistent among laboratories. Independent clinical laboratories tend to report results without indicating sample problems, while pathology departments at affiliated hospitals tend to emphasize sample problems instead of diagnosis or suggesting ways to improve sample quality. Mutual communication among laboratories would help standardize the quality of pathological tests.
A comprehensive optimized model for on‐board solar photovoltaic system for plug‐in electric vehicles: energy and economic impacts

Summary Environmental concerns along with high energy demand in transportation are leading to major development in sustainable transportation technologies, not the least of which is the utilization of clean energy sources. Solar energy as an auxiliary power source of on-board fuel has not been extensively investigated. This study focuses on the energy and economic aspects of optimizing and hybridizing, the conventional energy path of plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) using solar energy by means of on-board photovoltaic (PV) system as an auxiliary fuel source. This study is novel in that the authors (i) modeled the comprehensive on-board PV system for plug-in EV; (ii) optimized various design parameters for optimum well-to-tank efficiency (solar energy to battery bank); (iii) estimated hybrid solar plug-in EVs energy generation and consumption, as well as pure solar PV daily range extender; and (iv) estimated the economic return of investment (ROI) value of adding on-board PVs for plug-in EVs under different cost scenarios, driving locations, and vehicle specifications. For this study, two months in two US cities were selected, which represent the extremities in terms of available solar energy; June in Phoenix, Arizona and December in Boston, Massachusetts to represent the driving conditions in all the US states at any time followed by assessment of the results worldwide. The results show that, by adding on-board PVs to cover less than 50% (around 3.2 m2) of the projected horizontal surface area of a typical passenger EV, the daily driving range could be extended from 3.0 miles to 62.5 miles by solar energy based on vehicle specifications, locations, season, and total time the EV remains at Sun. In addition, the ROI of adding PVs on-board with EV over its lifetime shows only small negative values (larger than −45%) when the price of electricity remains below $0.18/kWh and the vehicle is driven in low-solar energy area (e.g. Massachusetts in the US and majority of Europe countries). The ROI is more than 148% if the vehicle is driven in high-solar energy area (e.g. Arizona in the US, most Africa countries, Middle East, and Mumbai in India), even if the electricity price remains low. For high electricity price regions ($0.35/kWh), the ROI is positive and high under all driving scenarios (above 560%). Also, the reported system has the potential to reduce electricity consumption from grid by around 4.5 to 21.0 MWh per EV lifetime. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out, in order to study the impacts of the car parked in the shade on the results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrable Hamiltonian systems on affine Poisson varieties

In this chapter we give the basic definitions and properties of integrable Hamiltonian systems on affine Poisson varieties and their morphisms. In Section 2 we define the notion of a Poisson bracket (or Poisson structure) on an affine algebraic variety (over C). The Poisson bracket is precisely what is needed to define Hamiltonian mechanics on a space, as is well-known from the theory of symplectic and Poisson manifolds. We shortly describe the simplest Poisson structures (i.e., linear, affine and quadratic structures; also structures on C2 and C3) and describe two natural decompositions of affine Poisson varieties, one is given by the algebra of Casimirs, the other comes from the notion of rank of a Poisson structure (at a point). We also describe several ways to build new affine Poisson varieties from old ones.
Adolescents with Visual Impairments who Have Best Friends: A Pilot Study:

This article describes a pilot study of the friendships of 22 adolescents aged 13–19 with visual impairments. The study found that the female participants and the 13–15-year-old participants had mo...
The Role of Behavioral Finance in Risk Management

Publisher Summary Different people perceive risks differently. People are prone to biases in the ways they estimate risk. Moreover, people's perceptions of risk and risk management are sensitive to the manner in which the risks are described. In addition, risk management decisions are often made in groups. The psychological aspects of risk assessment are known as heuristics and biases. Heuristics are rules of thumb and biases are predispositions toward systematic errors. When it comes to assessing risks, humans are imperfect processors of information. This chapter describes some of the main heuristics that people use and the attendant biases to which they are prone. People's perceptions of risk are also influenced by information that is readily available to them, leading to a phenomenon known as availability bias. Availability bias also explains the differential risk perceptions of financial executives and risk managers mentioned in the introduction to the chapter. Risk managers are more familiar with insurable risks—such as property-related hazards—whereas financial executives are more familiar with hazards associated with improper management. Among the key factors affecting choice among risky alternatives are the emotions of fear and hope. Notably, people are predisposed to being averse to risk in the domain of gains but risk seeking in the domain of losses. When people work in groups, and the decision tasks are judgmental rather than intellectual, group dynamics tend to exacerbate psychological propensities rather than mitigating them.
I Am Large, I Contain Multitudes: The Personal, the Sub-personal, and the Extended

In Content and Consciousness, Daniel Dennett introduces a distinction between personal and sub-personal levels of explanation. Minding the distinction is key to avoiding false starts and dead ends, Dennett warns, especially when it comes to the areas of thinking and reasoning. Why is the distinction important? To what extent have cognitive scientists and philosophers honored this distinction? This paper will use the current debate over the extended mind hypothesis – roughly, the claim that ‘mental’ or ‘cognitive’ processes extend beyond the boundaries of the brain – to approach both questions. There are several reasons why investigating the extended mind debate is apt: not only has it garnered the attention of some of our most creative and important researchers in cognitive science, but as will be shown, lurking behind the debate are largely unacknowledged assumptions about how and why the personal/sub-personal distinction should be drawn. To show this, the paper will first look at some key differences in how Dennett and Jerry Fodor interpreted Gilbert Ryle and the way those differences showed up in their respective treatments of the personal/sub-personal distinction. The paper will then consider – and provide a partial defense of – a version of the extended mind hypothesis that honors the personal/sub-personal distinction. Finally, the paper will survey some of the recent literature on the extended mind hypothesis and argue that several of the ways the hypothesis has been discussed display the very confusions that Dennett warns us against.
An Agrarian Republic: Farming, Antislavery Politics, and Nature Parks in the Civil War Era. By Adam Wesley Dean

An Agrarian Republic: Farming, Antislavery Politics, and Nature Parks in the Civil War Era . Civil War America Series. By Adam Wesley Dean. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015. x + 230 pp. Notes, bibliography, index. $29.95, paper.) It is always tempting as a historian to read the news and imagine identifying the seeds of contemporary events. Sometimes we find the smoking gun, but other times the connections are elusive—more hunch than fact. In An Agrarian Republic , historian Adam Wesley Dean believes the seeds of the contemporary anti-government wise use movement were sown in the formation of the antebellum Republican Party that elevated Abraham Lincoln into the presidency. Dean specifically claims that the same impulses that led Americans to abandon the Whig and American … blynn{at}ksu.edu
Systemic inhibition of p38 MAPK improves lung function and inflammatory markers in moderate-severe COPD

COPD is characterized by inflammation and lung function decline. p38 MAPK inhibition may be an anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach to COPD. The efficacy and safety of PH-797804 (PH), a potent, selective oral p38 inhibitor, was tested in three studies including patients with GOLD stage II/III COPD. Studies were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, and of 6–12 weeks duration; with differing concomitant COPD treatment (PRN short-acting bronchodilators (SABD); tiotropium (TIO, 18 mg QD); or salmeterol/fluticasone combination (SFC, BID)). PH doses ranged from 0.25–10 mg QD, with 6 mg being common to all studies. The common primary endpoint was placebo-adjusted change from baseline in trough FEV 1 at end of treatment. TDI, symptoms, and blood inflammatory biomarkers were measured. FEV 1 was improved in all studies, which varied with background treatment (Table). Symptoms and TDI were inconsistently improved across studies. Plasma hs-CRP decreased by 40 to 43% (p 1 ; decreased systemic anti-inflammatory biomarkers; and produced adverse events both known (i.e., rash) and not known (i.e., AF and QTc prolongation) to be associated with p38 inhibition. Supported by Pfizer, Inc.
An automated framework to support testing for process-level race conditions

Summary Race conditions are difficult to detect because they usually occur only under specific execution interleavings. Numerous program analysis and testing techniques have been proposed to detect race conditions between threads on single applications. However, most of these techniques neglect races that occur at the process level due to complex system event interactions. This article presents a framework, SIMEXPLORER, that allows engineers to effectively test for process-level race conditions. SIMEXPLORER first uses dynamic analysis techniques to observe system execution, identify program locations of interest, and report faults related to oracles. Next, it uses virtualization to achieve the fine-grained controllability needed to exercise event interleavings that are likely to expose races. We evaluated the effectiveness of SIMEXPLORER on 24 real-world applications containing both known and unknown process-level race conditions. Our results show that SIMEXPLORER is effective at detecting these race conditions, while incurring an overhead that is acceptable given its effectiveness improvements.
Research Article: The influence of acetylcholinesterase on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in fluoxetine-treated male mice

Abstract In today's society, numerous people suffer from anxiety and depression, so it is important to develop effective treatments for these disorders. However, there is limited knowledge of the mechanisms underlying them. Previous studies show that increased acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the hippocampus positively correlate with increased depression. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the principle degradative enzyme of ACh in the brain and limits the concentrations of ACh in the neuronal synapse. Furthermore, chronic administration of the antidepressant fluoxetine resulted in reduced anxiety- and depression-like behavior in mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that mice receiving chronic administration of fluoxetine would show reduced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, which would negatively correlate with higher levels of AChE in the hippocampus. These hypotheses were tested using behavioral and molecular assays. Adult male Swiss-Webster mice received daily i.p. injections of either 20 mg/kg fluoxetine o...
From Strategic Retweets to Group Hangs: Writers’ Room Twitter Accounts and the Productive Ecosystem of TV Social Media Fans:

In the current participatory television environment, social media serves both a social backchannel for interactions between audience members and a direct line of communication between audiences and...
Long-term Survival After Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Brain Metastases: A Case Series with 10-year Follow-up.

Abstract Patients with brain metastases (BRM) generally have a poor prognosis with infrequent long-term outcomes. Four patients treated by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for BRM between 2000 and 2010 with a minimum follow-up of 10 years are described. The mean age was 43.5 years, and these individuals exhibited good performance status at the time of diagnosis of intracranial disease. BRM was solitary or multiple, and the primary malignant tumor originated from the thyroid gland, lung, mediastinum or large intestine. Progression of the original and secondary tumors subsequent to diagnosis and SRS was not observed. Radioimaging of the brain obtained 9 years later in one of the patients who was asymptomatic at follow-up revealed white matter changes; BRM in this individual was treated by tumor resection and cranial irradiation prior to SRS. We contend that extended longevity is not precluded when standard management of BRM is practiced in selected cases.
Angular filter refractometry analysis using simulated annealing

Angular filter refractometry (AFR) is a novel technique used to characterize the density profiles of laser-produced, long-scale-length plasmas [Haberberger et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 056304 (2014)]. A new method of analysis for AFR images was developed using an annealing algorithm to iteratively converge upon a solution. A synthetic AFR image is constructed by a user-defined density profile described by eight parameters, and the algorithm systematically alters the parameters until the comparison is optimized. The optimization and statistical uncertainty calculation is based on the minimization of the χ2 test statistic. The algorithm was successfully applied to experimental data of plasma expanding from a flat, laser-irradiated target, resulting in an average uncertainty in the density profile of 5%–20% in the region of interest.
A Framework for Dealing with the Urban Environment

The current interest in the quality of the urban environment is in large part a convergence of two other evolving public concerns. One is a concern with the quality of the natural environment—the quality of air, water, land, wilderness areas, and other resources. The other is a concern with the development of our urban communities—with all the matters coming under the rubric of more traditional city planning, but recently refocused to a special concern for the human beings in the city. The quality of life of all the people who are clustering into urban communities is clearly influenced by what happens to both the natural and the man-made environments in direct interrelationship with each other.
Selectivity of the molecular chaperone-specific immunosuppressive agent 15-deoxyspergualin: modulation of Hsc70 ATPase activity without compromising DnaJ chaperone interactions.

Abstract The immunosuppressive and cytostatic agent 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG) binds to the Hsc70 class of molecular chaperones with a KD = 4 μM. Because Hsc70s represent a diverse group of cellular effectors and because Hsc70 function frequently requires a DnaJ molecular chaperone, the specificity of DSG for different Hsc70s and the ability of DSG to block the productive interaction between an Hsc70 and its DnaJ partner were examined. DSG stimulated the ATPase activity of a mammalian and yeast cytosolic Hsc70 from 20 to 40%, but was unable to elicit such a response in a homologous Hsc70, Binding Protein (BiP), that resides in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the DnaJ-stimulated Hsc70 ATPase activity and the DnaJ-mediated release of an unfolded polypeptide from an Hsc70 were unaffected by DSG. These results indicate that Hsc70s exhibit substrate selectivity for DSG and that DSG does not compromise Hsc70 functions that require DnaJs. Thus, the immunosuppressive and cytostatic effects of DSG may be specific for a subset of cellular Hsc70s and confined to DnaJ-independent Hsc70-mediated activities.
Optimal starshade observation scheduling

An exoplanet direct imaging mission using an external occulter for starlight suppression could potentially achieve higher contrasts and throughputs than an equivalently sized telescope with an internal coronagraph. We consider a formation flying mission where the starshade must station-keep with a telescope, assumed to be on a halo orbit about the Sun-Earth L2 point, during observations and slew between observations as the telescope re-orients to target the next star. We use a parameterization of the slew fuel cost calculation based on interpolation of exact solutions of boundary value problem in the circular restricted three body formalism. Time constraints are imposed based on when stars are observable due to the motion of bright sources in the solar system, integration times, and mission lifetime constraints. Finally, we present a comprehensive cost function incorporating star completeness values as a reward heuristic and retargeting fuel costs to sequentially select the next best star to observe. Ensembles of simulations are conducted for different selection schemes; for a 3 year mission, taking two steps of the linear cost function produces the most unique detections with an average of 7.08± 2.55.
Congruences for partition functions

The ordinary partition function p(n) and some of its generalizations satisfy some beautiful congruence properties. For instance, Ramanujan proved that for every integer n $$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {p(5n + 4) \equiv 0\,(\bmod \,5),} \\ {p(7n + 5) \equiv 0\,(\bmod \,7),} \\ {p(11n + 6) \equiv 0\,(\bmod \,11).} \\ \end{array}$$ Here we consider congruences for p(n) and c h (n), the number of partitions of n into h colors. If l is prime and s is a positive integer, then, using a result of Sturm, we compute a constant C(h, t, r, l S ) such that c h (tn + r) ≡ 0 (mod l s ) for all n if and only if the congruence holds for every n ≤ C(h, t, r, l s ). If h = 1, these results pertain to p(n). In many cases, C(h, t, r, l S ) is small enough that one obtains an effective method of determining the truth of alleged congruences. For example, Ramanujan’s congruences are easily verified because C(1, 5, 4, 5) = 2, C(1, 7, 5, 7) = 4, and C(1, 11,6,11) = 10.
Multi-Context System for Optimization Problems

This paper proposes Multi-context System for Optimization Problems (MCS-OP) by introducing conditional costassignment bridge rules to Multi-context Systems (MCS). This novel feature facilitates the definition of a preorder among equilibria, based on the total incurred cost of applied bridge rules. As an application of MCS-OP, the paper describes how MCS-OP can be used in modeling Distributed Constraint Optimization Problems (DCOP), a prominent class of distributed optimization problems that is frequently employed in multi-agent system (MAS) research. The paper shows, by means of an example, that MCS-OP is more expressive than DCOP, and hence, could potentially be useful in modeling distributed optimization problems which cannot be easily dealt with using DCOPs. It also contains a complexity analysis of MCS-OP.
Electricity bill savings and the role of energy efficiency improvements: A case study of residential solar adopters in the USA

Abstract This study measures the actual value of electricity bill savings for residential solar adopters and examines how decisions related to the timing and type of energy-efficiency improvements affect a solar adopter's electricity bill savings. Among different types of efficiency upgrades, solar adopters with an efficient heating/cooling system and efficient lighting have higher savings than those without. Among solar adopters who made certain efficiency improvements, those who upgraded efficiency a few months before or after installing solar panels have higher savings than those who upgraded over three years before installing solar panels.
Citing UN Materials: Issues and Strategies

This article provides recommendations for citing United Nations documents and other materials.
Screening of multi-class antibiotics in pork meat by LC-Orbitrap-MS with modified QuEChERS extraction

The quantification capability of high resolution mass spectrometry is of great interest to analysts. We described a method for analysis of multi-class antibiotics in pork meat by UPLC-quadrupole (Q)-Orbitrap-MS. The QuEChERS approach with a clean-up step using a sorbent of primary-secondary amine (PSA) and C18 was adopted for sample preparation, and 37 antibiotics including beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones and macrolides were analyzed. The Q-Orbitrap method showed high sensitivity with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.8 μg kg−1 to 2.9 μg kg−1. The method was further validated by intra and inter-day tests with fortified samples. Recovery (85–105.6%) and precision values (RSDs < 15%) for all analytes were obtained. The result indicates that UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS coupled with QuEChERS preparation can serve as a routine method for multi-class antibiotic analysis in pork meat.
Exposure to anti-PD-1 causes functional differences in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in rare solid tumors

The pervasive use of therapeutic antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) to boost anti-tumor immunity has positioned this approach to become the standard-of-care for some solid tumor malignancies. However, little is known as to how blockade of PD-1 may alter the function or phenotype of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). We used our ongoing Phase II clinical trial of pembrolizumab for patients with rare solid tumors from various types (NCT02721732) with matched core biopsies taken at baseline and after initial dose of anti-PD-1 (15-21 days post-dose) to elucidate this question. One fresh core needle biopsy was used to propagate TIL ex vivo to analyze phenotype and function using flow cytometry in both CD8+ and CD4+ TIL populations. An enriched CTLA-4 expression in the CD4+ TIL population was observed in TIL expanded from the on-treatment samples compared to TIL expanded from the matched baseline (n = 22, p = 0.0007) but was not observed in patients who experienced tumor regression. Impact on functionality was evaluated by measuring secretion of 65 soluble factors by expanded TIL from 26 patients at baseline and on-treatment. The CD8+ TIL population demonstrated a diminished cytokine secretion profile post-pembrolizumab. Overall, our study assesses the ramifications of one dose of anti-PD-1 on TIL in rare solid tumor types.
Dental Care During Catastrophic Events

Dentists as health-care providers have knowledge, skill, and expertise to function as a vital part of the disaster response team in response to a catastrophic event. A knowledge of physiology, anatomy, and pathology aids in recognition of community health threats, bioterrorism, and rescue efforts as a result of physical harm. It is vitally important for dental organizations to inform, educate, and train dentists to work in this regard to protect the public.
Foreign Policy as Pork-barrel Spending: Incentives for Legislator Credit Claiming on Foreign Aid

Foreign policy often creates geographically concentrated domestic benefits. A prominent example is the tying of development aid to purchases from the donor country. This feature of aid highlights t...
Kinematic and kinetic factors associated with leg reach asymmetry during the Star Excursion Balance Test in division I athletes.

Abstract Objectives To explore which balance and movement factors contribute most to reach distance asymmetry during the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) in Division I athletes. Design Cross-Sectional Study. Setting Rehabilitation Biomechanics Laboratory, NCAA Division I Athletics Program. Participants 36 Division I athletes (20 Male; 16 Female). Main outcome measures Center of Pressure, Kinematic and Kinetic variables were measured during performance of anterior, Posterior-Medial (PM), and Posterior-Lateral (PL) directions of the SEBT in order to determine which factors predict reach distance asymmetry. Results COP variables approached significance in predicting asymmetry for the anterior direction (p Conclusions Findings suggest that different strategies could be used to improve leg reach asymmetry based on specific direction of the asymmetry. Improving ability to control COP area seems to be important for the anterior direction, while control of limb movement seems to be most important for leg reach asymmetry in the PM and PL directions.
Association of negative financial shocks during the Great Recession with depressive symptoms and substance use in the USA: the CARDIA study

Background The Great Recession of 2008 was marked by large increases in unemployment and decreases in the household wealth of many Americans. In the 21st century, there have also been increases in depressive symptoms, alcohol use and drug use among some groups in the USA. The objective of this analysis is to evaluate the influence of negative financial shocks incurred during the Great Recession on depressive symptoms, alcohol and drug use. Methods We employed a quasi-experimental fixed-effects design, using data from adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Our financial shock predictors were within-person change in employment status, income and debt to asset ratio between 2005 and 2010. Our outcomes were within-person change in depressive symptoms score, alcohol use and past 30-day drug use. Results In adjusted models, we found that becoming unemployed and experiencing a drop in income and were associated with an increase in depressive symptoms. Incurring more debts than assets was also associated with an increase in depressive symptoms and a slight decrease in daily alcohol consumption (mL). Conclusion Our findings suggest that multiple types of financial shocks incurred during an economic recession negatively influence depressive symptoms among black and white adults in the USA, and highlight the need for future research on how economic recessions are associated with health.
Long-range PEG stapling: macrocyclization for increased protein conformational stability and resistance to proteolysis

We previously showed that long-range stapling of two Asn-linked O-allyl PEG oligomers via olefin metathesis substantially increases the conformational stability of the WW domain through an entropic effect. The impact of stapling was more favorable when the staple connected positions that were far apart in primary sequence but close in the folded tertiary structure. Here we validate these criteria by identifying new stabilizing PEG-stapling sites within the WW domain and the SH3 domain, both β-sheet proteins. We find that stapling via olefin metathesis vs. the copper(I)-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) results in similar energetic benefits, suggesting that olefin and triazole staples can be used interchangeably. Proteolysis assays of selected WW variants reveal that the observed staple-based increases in conformational stability lead to enhanced proteolytic resistance. Finally, we find that an intermolecular staple dramatically increases the quaternary structural stability of an α-helical GCN4 coiled-coil heterodimer.
Curious effects of fluorine on medicinally active compounds

Abstract The curious effects of fluorine in therapeutic and diagnostic agents has been extensively investigated and successfully applied to the drug discovery and development in the last three decades. As a result, in the current drug design, fluorine is considered the second “favorite heteroatom” only after nitrogen. The incorporation of fluorine(s) into biologically active compounds often brings about pharmacologically beneficial properties. In this chapter, the critical significance of the strategic incorporation of fluorine(s) into therapeutic agents, which exerts “curious effects” of fluorine on potency and pharmacological properties is demonstrated by relevant examples and rationales are presented in each case. Those examples include fluorine-containing therapeutic drugs and agents, which have recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration or evaluated in Phase III clinical trials for the unmet medical needs, for example, Alzheimer’s disease, nonsmall cell lung cancer, hepatitis C, BASF mutant melanoma, diabetes, multidrug resistance tuberculosis, and malaria.
A disaggregated laser architecture enabling sub-nanosecond wavelength tuning time

Optical switches represent an appealing option to address the upcoming scaling challenges facing electrical switches in data-center networks with the slowdown of Moore’s Law and the exponential increase in network demands posed by emerging cloud workloads. Wavelength switching based on tunable lasers and passive arrayed waveguide grating routers is a particularly promising technology for optical switching due to its amenability to fast switching and the passive nature of the core, which leads to lower power consumption and higher fault tolerance. We investigated the potential of this technology in the context of Sirius, a scalable, optically-switched network architecture for data centers, which can achieve ultra-fast switching time. At its core lies a novel tunable laser that can tune across wavelengths in less than 930 ps. The laser uses a disaggregated architecture where the carrier generation is separated from the wavelength tuning, which significantly reduces the wavelength tuning time compared to conventional tunable lasers. In this paper, we describe the different instantiations of this architecture that we developed and present the experimental evaluation.
Decreasing Hospital Observation Time for Febrile Infants.

Background Febrile infants aged 0 to 60 days are often hospitalized for a 36-to-48 hour observation period to rule out invasive bacterial infections (IBI). Evidence suggests that monitoring blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures for 24 hours may be appropriate for most infants. We aimed to decrease the average culture observation time (COT) from 38 to 30 hours among hospitalized infants 0 to 60 days old over 12 months. Methods This quality improvement initiative occurred at a large children's hospital, in conjunction with development of a multidisciplinary evidence-based guideline for the management of febrile infants. We included infants aged 0 to 60 days admitted with fever without a clear infectious source. We excluded infants who had positive blood, urine, or CSF cultures within 24 hours of incubation and infants who were hospitalized for other indications (eg, bronchiolitis). Interventions included guideline dissemination, education regarding laboratory monitoring practices, standardized order sets, and near-time identification of failures. Our primary outcome was COT, defined as time between initiation of culture incubation and hospital discharge in hours. Interventions were tracked on an annotated statistical process control chart. Our balancing measure was identification of IBI after hospital discharge. Results In our cohort of 184 infants aged 0 to 60 days, average COT decreased from 38 hours to 32 hours after structured guideline dissemination and order-set standardization; this decrease was sustained over 17 months. IBI was not identified in any patients after discharge. Conclusions Implementation of an evidence-based guideline through education, transparency of laboratory procedures, creation of standardized order sets, and near-time feedback was associated with shorter COT for febrile infants aged 0 to 60 days.
Materializing narratives: The story behind the story

Abstract Though narrative studies have moved beyond the analysis of narratives as a finished product to their social shaping under the label narrative analysis, material resources add another level of complexity to the analysis of narratives. The sociomaterial orientation theorizes why we must move beyond treating people as the only agents or protagonists of their narratives, and consider the engagement of diverse spatial and material resources in the shaping of their stories and their identities. In such an analysis, material resources which are traditionally relegated to context and separated from the text must be integrated in textual and narrative analysis. Michael Silverstein's notions of recontextualization (i.e., “the process of how discourse points to (indexes) the context which seems to frame it”) and entextualization (i.e., “the process of coming to textual formedness” −2019: 56) from sociolinguistics have helped scholars analyze the ongoing interactions between the text and context. The sociolinguistic notion of frames helps to determine which resources are critical for contexualizing the ongoing entextualization of the narrative.