cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A High Sensitivity Two Layer Resist Process For Use In High Resolution Optical Lithography

A two layer resist process has been developed with a 7x reduction in pattern transfer exposure time compared to the "conventional" process that uses PMMA as the bottom layer. The reduction in exposure time was achieved by using a high sensitivity resist as the bottom layer. The pattern transfer wavelength is 310 nm, therefore a dye is needed in the top layer to make it highly absorbtive at 310 nm. This paper will describe the selection process for the dye, resist materials, and details of the process development. Examples of resist patterns will include a demonstration of the effect of partial transmission in the top layer on bottom layer patterns. It will be shown that a transmission of < 0.5% is re-quired for artifact free resist Patterns.
Effect of sodium nitrite ingestion on unilateral ovarian compensatory hypertrophy in the rat

Abstract The compensatory increase in young Long-Evans rats was depressed by the ingestion of sodium nitrite administered at a dietary concentration of 10,000 and 25,000 ppm for a period of 21 days. The inhibition in compensatory ovarian response due to sodium nitrite was also reflected in reduced uterine weight gain. Body weights at necrospy were significantly reduced, indicating an inhibitory influence of sodium nitrite on growth.
The excess enthalpies of benzene + and of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene + 1-nitrobutane, + 1-nitropentane, and + 1-nitrohexane at 298.15 K

Abstract The excess enthalpies of benzene + 1-nitrobutane, benzene + 1-nitropentane, benzene + 1-nitrohexane as well as of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene + each of the same three nitroalkanes were measured at 298.15 K by flow microcalorimetry. All of the mixings were exothermic. At a given mole fraction, the magnitude of the excess enthalpy increased in the order H E (1-nitrobutane) E (1-nitropentane) E (1-nitrohexane) with both hydrocarbons. The excess enthalpies at mole fraction x = 0.5 are −6.40, −26.20, and −29.43 cal th mol −1 , respectively, in benzene and −7.21, −55.36, and −85.81 cal th mol −1 , respectively, in 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.
Power Generation and Heat Recovery Model of Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines for CHP Applications

This paper presents a power generation and heat recovery model for reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICEs) that can be effectively used in simulations of combined heat and power (CHP) systems. Reciprocating engines are among the most common types of power generation units in CHP systems. In the literature, constant engine efficiencies or empirical efficiency curves are commonly used in the simulations for CHP performance evaluation. These methods do not provide realistic results for the design and component selection processes. The main advantage of this model is that it provides estimates of performance/efficiency maps for both electrical power output and useful thermal output for various capacities of engines without experimental data. The intent of this model is to provide performance/efficiency maps during a preliminary CHP design/simulation process. An example of model calibration to a specific CHP application is presented to demonstrate the capability and benefit of this model. The simulation results are validated with manufacturer’s technical data.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Parents' conceptualization of their frozen embryos complicates the disposition decision.

Objective To ascertain what couples think about their embryos and how they approach making a decision about disposition in light of the fact that the disposition of unused frozen embryos has significant implications for medical research and embryo donation. Design Ethnographic qualitative interview study. Setting Academic research environment. Patient(s) Fifty-eight couples who had conceived using a donor oocyte and had at least one frozen embryo in storage. Main Outcome Measure(s) Tape-recorded interviews with 58 wives and 37 husbands were transcribed and analyzed for emergent themes. Result(s) With an average of 7.1 embryos per couple, after an average of 4.2 years of storage, 72% of couples with frozen embryos had not reached a disposition decision. Most couples had not anticipated or appreciated the consequences of having surplus embryos. Parents variously conceptualized frozen embryos as biologic tissue, living entities, "virtual" children having interests that must be considered and protected, siblings of their living children, genetic or psychological "insurance policies," and symbolic reminders of their past infertility. Conclusion(s) The disposition decision is not only a significant and frequently unresolved issue for couples with stored frozen embryos, but their deeply personal conceptualizations of their embryos contributes to their ambivalence, uncertainty, and difficulty in reaching a decision.
Substrate selectivity of the sublancin S-glycosyltransferase

SunS is a novel S-glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the antimicrobial peptide sublancin. It selectively modifies Cys22 in a 56 amino acid peptide substrate SunA and can accept a variety of NDP sugars. This study reports the substrate selectivity with regard to the peptide substrate and the antimicrobial activity of the resulting sublancin analogues. The results suggest that SunS recognizes an α-helix N-terminal of the Cys to be glycosylated, which is present in a flexible linker. Interestingly, when Cys22 is mutated, sugar attachment is not required for sublancin antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the sublancin-producing strain Bacillus subtilis 168 also becomes susceptible to such mutants. These data suggest that S-glycosylation may be important for self-resistance.
To CMP or not to CMP: analyzing packet classification on modern and traditional parallel architectures

Packet classification is central to modern network functionality, yet satisfactory memory usage and performance remains elusive at the highest speeds. The recent emergence of low-cost, highly parallel architectures provides a promising platform on which to realize increased classification performance. We analyze two classic algorithms (ABV and HiCuts) in multiple parallel contexts. Our results show that performance depends strongly on many factors, including algorithm choice, hardware platform, and parallelization scheme. We find that there is no clear "best solution," but in the best cases hardware constraints are mitigated by the parallelization scheme and vice versa, yielding near-linear speedups as the degree of parallelization increases.
MEASUREMENT OF ACTINIDES AND LONG-LIVED RADIONUCLIDES IN LARGE CORAL SAMPLES

Sequential separation and radiochemical determinations of low-level plutonium, americium, strontium, and cesium in soil and vegetation samples from coral atolls are described. Elmination of calcium matrix salts and interfering magnesium salts are explained. Data on measurement protocols and chemical yields are presented.
VACANCY FORMATION IN HOMOEPITAXIALLY GROWN AG FILMS AND ITS EFFECT ON SURFACE MORPHOLOGY

Synchrotron x-ray diffraction was used to investigate the low-temperature homoepitaxial growth on Ag(001) and Ag( 111) surfaces. For both orientations, the Ag films deposited at T= 100 K were observed to exhibit a 1% surface-normal compressive strain, indicating that an appreciable vacancy concentration (∼2%) is incorporated in the growing film. Concomitantly with the incorporation of vacancies, the growth on Ag(111) leads to the formation of pyramidlike structures with a non-Gaussian distribution of heights, whereas a similar effect was not observed for Ag(001).
Dental caries development among African American children: results from a 4‐year longitudinal study

Objective To examine dental caries development and caries risk factors among preschool African American children from low-income families in Detroit, Michigan, over a 4-year window. Methods Data came from a representative sample of 1021 children (0–5 years) and their caregivers in Detroit. The baseline participants in 2002–2003 (W1) were re-examined in 2004–2005 (W2) and 2007 (W3). Caries was measured using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Bivariate and multivariate analyses for repeated data were conducted to explore associations between caries increment outcomes and demographics, access to dental care, oral health-related behaviours, and social and physical environments. Results The mean number of new noncavitated caries lesions (NCCL) was 2.8 between W1 and W2 and 2.6 between W2 and W3, while the mean number of new cavitated caries lesions (CCL) was 2.0 and 2.0, respectively, during the same time periods. In younger children (<3 years old in W1), higher number of new NCCL than new CCL was observed in both W1–W2 and W2–W3. The risk of new NCCL was associated with child's soda intake and caregiver's age. For the risk of new CCL, significant risk factors included baseline NCCL, baseline CCL, as well as child's age. Baseline caries and child's soda intake were also associated with the risk of developing new decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces. Conclusions Higher number of new NCCL relative to CCL was developed among low-income African American children during early childhood. New caries development was associated with baseline caries and child's soda intake.
Cartesian grid simulations of gas–solids flow systems with complex geometry

Complex geometries encountered in many applications of gas–solids flow need special treatment in most legacy multiphase flow solvers with Cartesian numerical grid. This paper briefly outlines the implementation of a cut cell technique in the open-source multiphase flow solver—MFIX for accurate representation of complex geometries. Specifically, applications of the Cartesian cut cell method to different gas–solids fluidization systems including a small scale bubbling fluidized bed with submerged tube bundle and a complete pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed will be presented. In addition to qualitative predictions on the general flow behaviors inside each system, quantitative comparison with the available experimental data will be presented. Furthermore, some results on extending the current cut-cell technique to Lagrangian–Eulerian simulations will be presented.
A modular approach to packet voice terminal hardware design

In addition to encoding and decoding speech, packet voice terminal functions include packetization and depacketization; the application and interpretation of voice, internet, and local network protocols; dialing, ringing, ancillary signaling; and interface to local network transmission media. In this paper we describe a modular packet voice terminal design in which the partitioning of the hardware is effected along these basic functional lines. Interfaces are provided between the speech processing, protocol handling, and local network interfacing functions such that each of these is implemented in a physically independent module with considerable freedom for modifying or replacing any one module independently of the others. This allows for a broad choice of voice coders on the one hand, and a variety of local network types on the other. Specific modules discussed include a microprocessor-based protocol-handling section, an interface module to a local area coaxial cable network which uses a contention-based mechanism for packet voice communication, and a variety of voice coder/decoder designs covering the rate spectrum from 2.4 to 64 kbps.
Cloning, Expression, and Chromosomal Assignment of the Human Mitochondrial Intermediate Peptidase Gene (MIPEP) ☆ ☆☆

The mitochondrial intermediate peptidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YMIP) is a component of the yeast mitochondrial protein import machinery critically involved in the biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. This leader peptidase removes specific octapeptides from the amino terminus of nuclear-encoded OXPHOS subunits and components of the mitochondrial genetic apparatus. To address the biologic role of the human peptidase [MIPEP gene, HMIP polypeptide], we have initiated its molecular and functional characterization. A full-length cDNA was isolated by screening a human liver library using a rat MIP (RMIP) cDNA as a probe. The encoded protein contained a typical mitochondrial leader peptide and showed 92 and 54% homology to RMIP and YMIP, respectively. A survey of human mitochondrial protein precursors revealed that, similar to YMIP, HMIP is primarily involved in the maturation of OXPHOS-related proteins. Northern analysis showed that the MIPEP gene is differentially expressed in human tissues, with the highest levels of expression in the heart, skeletal muscle, and pancreas, three organ systems that are frequently affected in OXPHOS disorders. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, the MIPEP locus was assigned to 13q12. This information offers the possibility of testing the potential involvement of HMIP in the pathophysiology of nuclear-driven OXPHOS disorders.
Special Feature: Methods, Styles, and Attitudes in the Programming Language Classroom

This survey of approaches to programming language instruction stresses the need for empirical research into their effectiveness.
Cross-linked macroporous chitosan anion-exchange membranes for protein separations

Abstract Macroporous chitosan membranes with controlled pore sizes and good mechanical properties were prepared and cross-linked with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether to increase their chemical stability. Because of their amine groups, they can serve as anion-exchangers (with an ion-exchange capacity as high as 0.83 meq/g dry cross-linked membrane) and can be employed for protein separations in the ion-exchange mode. At pH
Organization of LHRH cells: Differential apposition of neurotensin, substance P and catecholamine axons

Abstract A wealth of evidence suggests that catecholamines (particularly norepinephrine) influence gonadotropin secretion via a direct interaction with the LHRH neurons. Neuropeptides such as neurotensin (NT) and substance P (SP) are likewise implicated in the control of LHRH secretion, based on pharmacological and preliminary anatomical studies. Since sub-populations of LHRH neurons project to areas of the brain other than the median eminence, a detailed analysis of the topography of axonal interactions of catecholamines (CA), substance P and neurotensin with LHRH cells was conducted in adult male mice using dual immunocytochemical techniques. An analysis of the patterns of apparent contact of NT or SP axons on LHRH cells as determined by close apposition of immunoreactive axons to LHRH cells when viewed under a light microscope at high magnification revealed that the density of NT or SP axons was not a reliable index of the degree of contact; in many locations, NT and SP had similar densities yet a greater portion of the LHRH cells appeared contacted by SP than NT. NT axons were in close contact with up to one-third of the LHRH cells. Analysis of the locaton of these “contacted” cells did not reveal a discrete subnucleus controlled by NT. Rather, the NT-contacted cells were scattered throughout the LHRH cell field. Interactions of LHRH cells with SP axons were likewise uniform throughout most of the LHRH cell field, with the exception of the most anterior portion of the field. In the anterior septum, few SP axons appeared to contact LHRH cells. Elsewhere, most of the LHRH cells were in contact with SP axons. For the CAs, the fiber density in the regions of the LHRH cells was uniformly moderate, yet the pattern of cells contacted showed variation across the LHRH cell field, with most of the “contacted” cells located near the OVLT and medial preoptic area. These data suggest that LHRH cells may be differentially regulated by NT, SP and the CAs.
The Location of Complex Molecules in G34.3 + 0.2: Further Evidence for Grain-Surface Chemistry

In order to determine the location of the complex molecules CH3OH, CH2CHCN, HCOOCH3, CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2OH, and CH3OCH3 and in the G34.3 + 0.2 star-forming complex, BIMA Array observations of transitions near 104 and 107 GHz were carried out with 13'' × 8'' resolution. One site of complex molecule emission was detected. This core is located near the cometary H II region G34.3 + 0.2 C. The proximity of this core containing complex species to an ultracompact H II region is quite similar to the Sgr B2(N) core. This similarity suggests that, as appears to be the case in Sgr B2(N), a nearby, newly-formed massive star has evaporated grain mantles, releasing large amounts of complex species into the gas phase.
Far-infrared laser study of magnetic polaritons in Fe F 2 and Mn impurity mode in Fe F 2 : Mn

From a high-resolution, far-infrared laser study of the antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) of Fe${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, it is shown that a magnetic polariton model not only reproduces the broad (\ensuremath{\sim}4 kOe) complex structures observed in transmission, but is essential to the determination of the intrinsic (radiative and nonradiative) contributions to the linewidth. For the purest Fe${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ crystal an upper bound of 20 Oe for $\ensuremath{\Delta}H$ was found. The polariton model is extended to include the effects of Mn impurities. The theory correctly predicts the observed frequency pulling of host and impurity modes as a function of Mn concentration $c$ and the large enhancement of the impurity-mode signal. From their dependence on $c$ and sample thickness $t$ the super-radiance and impurity-impurity contributions to $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{\mathrm{imp}}$ are separately obtained and compared with recently developed theories. The thermal relaxation of the host AFMR is shown to arise from fourmagnon scattering.
Expanding the Bandwidth of TEM Cells for EMC Measurements

This paper discusses the development of a modified (absorber-loaded) transverse electromagnetic TEM cell with expanded bandwidth for use in accurately characterizing electromagnetic interference (EMI) fields within a shielded environment. The cell is analyzed experimentally, both before and after the modification, to determine its radio-frequency (RF) characteristics, both as an RF transmission line and as an electromagnetic (EM) field simulator or detector. Comparative measurements are given to show the performance of the modified versus the unmodified cell in parameters such as voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR), insertion loss, test-field uniformity, and reverse-coupling characteristics. The results of these measurements indicate an approximate two-fold increase in the upper useful frequency of the modified cell. An example of using the cell to evaluate the radiated emissions from a common electronic module (microprocessor timing circuit) is given. Finally, the technique of absorber loading is extended to larger cells, specifically a 3- × 3- × 6-m cell.
World bank statistical publications

Abstract Disbursing monies to developing countries requires that decision-makers have access to an appropriate body of data. This article surveys those publications of the World Bank designed to provide the comprehensive, consistent, and internationally comparable data the Bank requires in its analysis of the economic and social conditions within these countries.
Lupus: Why Women?

Estrogens are believed to play a role in the etiology of both human and murine systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus, SLE), presumably through the agency of their cellular receptor proteins. There is now considerable interest in the molecular mechanism of action of estrogens in immune tissues, particularly with regard to autoimmune disorders, which are generally more prevalent in women. In this laboratory, an attempt is being made to characterize estrogen receptors in murine models of SLE, namely NZB/W and MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice, and to try to relate this to estrogen receptor function in vivo. It is hypothesized that estradiol (E2), through its receptors, mediates the progression of murine SLE and that in autoimmune disease, the estrogen receptor is functionally or structurally changed, or both. Initial studies suggest there are differences in estrogen receptors between BALB/c mice, which do not get autoimmune disease, and two strains that do, MRL/MP-lpr/lpr and NZB/W mice. There is evidence that in at least o...
Bougainville à la lumière de ses lectures : les références classiques dans les Écrits sur le Canada

The historical value of Bougainville’s testimony on Canada during the Seven Years’ War is well recognized, but historians and biographers have generally not appreciated the extent to which various literary genres color its content. This study shows the importance of making the rhetoric and classical culture of Bougainville explicit in the Ecrits sur le Canada, in particular with respect to the officer’s « ethnographic » observations, his representation of himself and the French army, and his critique of the colonial administration.
Shoemaker on Qualia, Phenomenal Properties and Spectrum Inversions

Sydney Shoemaker offers an account of color perception that attempts to do justice, within a functionalist framework, to the commonsense view that colors are properties of ordinary objects, to the existence of qualia, and to the possibility of spectrum inversions. Shoemaker posits phenomenal properties as dispositional properties of colored objects that explain how there can be intersubjective variation in the experience of a particular color. I argue that his account does not in fact allow for the description of a spectrum inversion scenario, and that it cannot sustain a functionalist relationship between an object's color and its phenomenal properties. Functionalists must, however, come to terms with Shoemaker's recognition that intersubjective spectrum shifts are possible.
Spray Photographs, Poppet Lift, and Injection Pressure of an Oscillating Poppet Injector

Injection avec un injecteur a tige oscillante. Levee de la tige et pression d'injection. Photographie de la pulverisation du jet
An Interview with Ariel Gore and Bee Lavender of Hip Mama

Every small, unassuming zine has the potential to be big. Case in point: Hip Mama, a zine that began in the early '90s as Ariel Gore's senior project using a $1,000 student loan and blossomed into a nationally acclaimed alternative parenting resource. Together with Bee Lavender, Gore continues to publish the journal much as she did with that first issue. But today new readers and new technologies are pushing the zine onto the Web and into larger communities. Read all about how a little zine became a giant in this interview with Ariel Gore and Bee Lavender of Hip Mama. Serials Review 2002; 28:159–162.
Interconversion of the A and B forms of ceramide trihexosidase from human plasma.

Abstract The human plasma α-galactosidases which specifically hydrolyze galactosyl-(α1→4)galactosyl(β1→ 4)glucosylceramide consist of an A group with optimal enzymatic activity at pH 5.4, and a B group, which is characterized by optimal activity at pH 7.2. The relationship between the A and B groups of these α-galactosidases (ceramide trihexosidases) has been investigated with regard to their sialic acid content. Partial neuraminidase treatment of the most acidic (A-1) form of ceramide trihexosidase yields a complex mixture of 14 enzymatically active proteins separable by isoelectric focusing. Exposure to neuraminidase for a longer time causes an almost complete conversion of the A-1 form to a protein which has the same electrophoretic properties as the least acidic (B-V) form. Conversely, a crude kidney sialyltransferase preparation can be used to incorporate either CMP[1-14C]sialic acid or UDP-N-acetyl[1-14C]glucosamine into the B-V form of the enzyme. Sialyltransferase treatment causes the formation of a complex mixture of enzymatically active proteins, one of which has the same electrophoretic characteristics as the A-1 and A-2 forms of ceramide trihexosidase. On the basis of these studies it is suggested that the multiple forms of plasma ceramide trihexosidase are glycoproteins which differ primarily in their sialic acid content.
EUS-guided FNA of solid pancreatic masses: a learning curve with 300 consecutive procedures.

Background The objective of our study was to assess a single operator's learning curve with regard to the number of passes, the diagnostic accuracy, and the complications associated with EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) of solid pancreatic masses. Methods The number of passes, the diagnostic accuracy, and the complication rate were prospectively evaluated in 300 consecutive EUS-FNA of solid pancreatic masses performed by a single endosonographer over a 3-year period. The procedures were placed into 3 groups, which contained 100 procedures each. The endosonographer had undergone a third-tier EUS fellowship and had performed 45 supervised pancreatic EUS-FNA during his training. Results Of the 300 EUS-FNA performed (median age 63 years, 64% men), no statistically significant differences among the 3 groups with regard to age, gender, race, location, or size of the mass were found. Diagnostic accuracy of the EUS-FNA procedure was similar over time (Group 1, 92%; Group 2, 92%; Group 3, 95%). Median number of passes showed a decreasing trend over the 3-year study period, despite an increasing trend of the number of procedures performed (r=−0.14, p =0.42). The median number of passes was lower for Group 2 (median, 3; p =0.02) and Group 3 (median, 3; p =0.003) compared with Group 1 (median, 4). Group 3 (7/100, 7%) was less likely to encounter complications compared with Group 1 (13/100, 13%; p =0.24) and Group 2 (18/100, 18%; p =0.03). Frequency of serious complications was similar across the 3 groups (1%-3%). Conclusions With adequate third-tier training, a newly developed EUS program can achieve safe and accurate results of EUS-FNA of the pancreas. The learning curve, however, needs to continue after the fellowship, because more procedures are needed for one to gain proficiency and efficiency with EUS-FNA.
An Investigation into Factors Affecting the Iron Plating Reaction for an All-Iron Flow Battery

The all-Iron ﬂow battery utilizes the iron II/III redox couple at the positive electrode and the iron II/0 reaction at the negativeelectrode. Thestandard reduction potential oftheiron II/0 reaction is at −0.44V vs. NHE, suggesting that hydrogenevolution couldbe a signiﬁcant factor in coulombic losses on the negative electrode. Methods of increasing the coulombic efﬁciency of iron platingare considered, such as anion concentration and electrolyte additives. The use of a chloride anion containing electrolyte showed lesshydrogenevolutionratesandfasterplatingkineticsthananelectrolytecontainingthesameconcentrationofsulfateanions.Increasingthe chloride concentration signiﬁcantly reduced the hydrogen evolution observed on an iron electrode, and plating efﬁciencies of97% were demonstrated on a rotating rod electrode. The effect of complexing ligands on plating and hydrogen evolution was alsoinvestigated.© 2014 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0591501jes] All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted July 24, 2014; revised manuscript received October 8, 2014. Published November 18, 2014.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 enhances striatal and nigral neurogenesis in the acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease

In response to injury, endogenous precursors in the adult brain can proliferate and generate new neurons, which may have the capacity to replace dysfunctional or dead cells. Although injury-induced neurogenesis has been demonstrated in animal models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD), studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) have produced conflicting results. In this study, we investigated the ability of adult mice to generate new neurons in response to the parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which causes selective degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. MPTP lesions increased the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (BrdU), as well as the number of cells that co-expressed BrdU and the immature neuronal marker doublecortin (DCX), in two neuroproliferative regions-the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the rostral subventricular zone (SVZ). BrdU-labeled, DCX-expressing cells were not found in the substantia nigra (SN) of MPTP-treated mice, where neuronal cell bodies are destroyed, but were present in increased numbers in the striatum, where SN neurons lost in PD normally project. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), which enhances neurogenesis in a mouse model of HD, also increased the number of BrdU/DCX-immunopositive cells in the SN of MPTP-treated mice. Thus, MPTP-induced brain injury increases striatal neurogenesis and, in combination with FGF-2 treatment, also stimulates neurogenesis in SN.
Loci underlying resistance to Race 3 of soybean cyst nematode in Glycine soja plant introduction 468916

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is an important soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] pest in the U.S. and throughout the world. Genetic resistance is the primary method for controlling SCN and there is a need to identify new resistance genes. Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc. is the wild ancestor of domesticated soybean and is a potential source of new SCN resistance genes. The goal of this research was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that provide resistance to SCN Race 3 from the G. soja plant introduction (PI) 468916. Fifty seven F2-derived lines from a cross between the G. soja PI 468916 and the G. max experimental line A81-356022 were tested for resistance to an SCN population with a Race-3 phenotype. These lines were also genotyped with 1,004 genetic markers and resistance genes were mapped by composite interval mapping with the computer program QTL-Cartographer. In the F2 population, three significant (LOD > 3.0) QTLs were detected that explained from 5% to 27% of the variation for Race-3 resistance. The two most significant QTLs identified in the F2 population were tested in a population of 100 BC1F2 plants developed by crossing A81-356022 to a line from the F2 population that carried the two resistance QTLs from G. soja. In the backcross population, both Race-3 resistance QTLs were significant, which confirms the existence of these QTLs. The QTLs identified in this experiment map to positions where SCN resistance genes have not been previously identified, suggesting that these are novel genes that could be useful for diversifying the resistance genes currently used in cultivar development.
Strong stability does not imply similarity to a contraction

Abstract We shall exhibit a strongly asymptotically stable discrete linear system whose model operator is not similar to a contraction.
Epidemiology of some peripheral arterial findings in diabetic men and women: experiences from the Framingham Study.

Abstract purpose and patients and methods: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between diabetes and the development of some peripheral arterial findings—carotid and femoral bruits and nonpalpable pedal pulse—and acute cardiovascular events in 1,196 men and 1,582 women based on 20-year-follow-up data in the Framingham Study. results: For both men and women without diabetes, the incidence of carotid bruits and nonpalpable pedal pulses increased significantly with age (p conclusion: We conclude that while diabetes predisposes to various forms and locations of peripheral arterial disease, the enhanced risk of acute cardiovascular events experienced by diabetic patients is increased further when diabetes is accompanied by indications of a peripheral arterial condition. Since signs of peripheral arterial disease may suggest an impending or coexistent atherosclerotic process, careful examination of arterial circulation by evaluating peripheral pulses and assessing whether bruits are present is important.
CONSUMER MAIL SURVEY RESPONSES: MORE (UNBIASED) BANG FOR THE BUCK

Four hundred professionals were sent surveys which measured the individual's propensity for financial risk and self‐descriptions of personal and business financial risk‐taking behavior. One of four possible incentives (a prepaid $1 payoff, a promised $2 payoff, a $100 lottery, and no incentive) was offered to each surveyed subject. The prepaid $1 incentive resulted in the highest response rate. The type of incentive did not result in meaningful bias in the response pool.
Assessment of mood states in patients receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy and in controls with patient-rated and clinician-rated scales.

Background Corticosteroids have been used for many years for inflammatory diseases. Mood changes are common during short-term, high-dose, corticosteroid therapy. Virtually no data are available on the mood effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy. Objective To evaluate mood during corticosteroid therapy using standard clinician-rated and patient-rated measures. Methods Outpatients receiving prednisone therapy (7.5 mg/d for 6 months) and similar controls were enrolled. Current mood was evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Internal State Scale (ISS), and a diagnostic interview. Results Twenty patients and 14 controls were enrolled in the study. Depressive symptom severity as evaluated by the HRSD and ISS depression and well-being subscales and global psychiatric symptom severity as evaluated by the BPRS and ISS perceived conflict subscale were greater in patients receiving prednisone than controls. Manic symptom severity as evaluated by the ISS activation subscale but not the YMRS was higher in patients receiving prednisone. Twelve (60%) of 20 corticosteroid-treated patients met diagnostic criteria for a lifetime prednisone-induced mood disorder. Activation subscale scores did not correlate with YMRS scores. Other ISS subscales showed expected correlations with clinician-rated assessments. Conclusions Mood symptoms and disorders are common in corticosteroid-dependent patients. Unlike short-term prednisone therapy, long-term therapy may be more associated with depressive than manic symptoms based on the clinician-rated assessments. The ISS may be more sensitive to mood symptoms with prednisone than clinician-rated scales.
SU-C-12A-04: Diagnostic Imaging Research Using Decedents as a Proxy for the Living: Are Radiation Dosimetry and Tissue Property Measurements Affected by Post-Mortem Changes?

Purpose: Radiation dose (RD) from diagnostic imaging is a growing public health concern. Implanting dosimeters is a more accurate way to assess organ dose, relative to commonly used mathematical estimations. However, performing accurate dosimetry using live subjects is hindered by patient motion and safety considerations, which limit the RD and placement of implanted dosimeters. Performing multiple scans on the same subject would be the ideal way to assess the impact of dose reduction on image quality; however, performing multiple non-standard-of-care scans on live subjects for dosimetry and image quality measurements is generally prohibited by IRB committees. Our objective is to assess whether RD and tissue property (TP) measurements in post-mortem (PM) subjects are sufficiently similar to those in live subjects to justify the use of deceased subjects in future dosimetry and image quality studies. Methods: 4 MOSFET radiation dosimeters were placed enterically in each subject (2 sedated Rhesus Macaques) to measure the RD at 4 levels (carina, lung, heart, and liver) during CT scanning. The CT protocol was performed ante-mortem (AM) and 2 and 3 hours PM. For TP analysis, additional scans were taken at 24 hours PM. To compare AM and PM TP, regions-of-interest were drawn on selected organs and the average CT density with standard deviation (in units of HU) were taken; additionally, visual comparisons of images were made at each PM interval. Results: No significant difference was observed in 8 of 9 measurements comparing AM and PM RD. Only one measurement (liver of the first subject) showed a significant difference (7% lower on PM measurement), possibly due to subject re-positioning. Initial TP visual and quantitative analyses show little to no change PM. Conclusion: Our results suggest that realistic radiation dosimetry and image quality measurements based on tissue properties can be performed reliably on recently deceased subjects.
Average increase in chain length of crystalline long chain compounds per carbon atom

A comprehensive survey has been made of published crystal X-ray diffraction data in order to select an authentic overall value ford 90, the average increase in chain length of crystalline long chain compounds per carbon atom, for general use in calculating angle of tilt. Data were available for 10 isomorphous homologous series including the normal hydrocarbons, alkanoic acids, primary alcohols, ketones, dicarboxylic acids, symmetrical saturated triglycerides, potassium acid salts, quarter-hydrates of Na-1-alkanesulfonates, hydrazides and the dihydrazides of dicarboxylic acids. The results, supported by data for other specific long chain derivatives show that (a) 1.27 A is the best value for this constant, and (b) there is no justification for the value 1.30 A, which has been used in the recent literature as the accepted value in estimating the angle of tilt. The information developed can be used to predict the effective length of one molecule in the crystal of any specific long chain member of any of the homologous series studied.
Spontaneous Spatial Alignment of Polymer Cylindrical Nanodomains on Silicon Nitride Gratings

We report a simple method to align lying-down cylindrical domains of PS-b-PMMA in the trough regions of 555 nm deep silicon nitride gratings without the aid of an external orientation field. This alignment is perpendicular to the orientation of the grating lines and essentially spans the width of the grating trough. The proposed mechanism involves polymer flow and confinement in small dimensions. Also, regularly spaced bumps of almost uniform size can be formed on the crest regions of the support grating. The thickness dependence of PS-b-PMMA thin film surface morphology is also utilized to generate micron-scale periodic structures on 115 nm deep gratings. These experiments to align microdomains with controlled nanometer-scale spacing can be extended to generate self-organizing nanofabricated surfaces.
Radar detection of cloud-seeding effects

The effects on precipitation of artificially seeding clouds with Dry Ice have been monitored from cloud to ground with a radar that has a wavelength of 8.6 millimeters.
Critical Hip Hop Pedagogy as a Form of Liberatory Praxis

This article uses Paulo Freire's problem-posing method, youth participatory action research, and case study methodology to introduce an alternative instructional strategy called Critical Hip Hop Pedagogy (CHHP). This approach attempts to address deep-rooted ideologies to social inequities by creating a space in teacher education courses for prospective teachers to re-examine their knowledge of hip hop as it intersects with race, class, gender, and sexual orientation; while analyzing and theorizing to what extent hip hop can be used as a tool for social justice in teacher education and beyond. Borrowing and extending the work of critical race theorists, particularly, Solorzano & Delgado Bernal, CHHP utilizes the following five elements to form its basic core: “1) The centrality of race and racism and their intersectionality with other forms of oppression; 2) Challenging traditional paradigms, texts, and theories used to explain the experiences of students of color; 3) The centrality of experiential knowled...
A study of the surface characteristics of homemade ultrasound phantoms

Expertise in the utilization of procedure-guided ultrasonography has become increasingly important within the field of Emergency Medicine. Consequently, ultrasound phantoms have been implemented as simulation tools in introductory courses. This study of the surface behavior of gelatin blocks was performed to describe the behaviors of phantoms for ultrasound training. Gelatin blocks of varying preparation techniques and component concentrations were tested on exposed and latex-coated surfaces to determine the variation in surface disruption and force–displacement characteristics of each of the surfaces tested. Gelatin blocks made at a cooler temperature than current recommendations have a more durable surface. Latex-coated blocks have the most durable surface. Gelatin blocks made at a lower temperature than current recommendations result in a more desirable phantom. A re-usable latex coating can add to the durability of the phantom.
The population biology of transposable elements.

There is much debate about the significance of transposable elements for the organisms that host them, and the nature of the forces responsible for maintaining them in the host population. Recent theoretical and experimental studies of the population biology of transposons have shed light on these controversies.
Positional linker effects in haptens for cocaine immunopharmacotherapy.

Cocaine use remains a serious problem, despite intensive efforts to curb abuse. Given the lack of effective pharmacotherapeutics for the treatment of cocaine addiction, research groups have targeted immunopharmacotherapy in which the drug user’s immune system is trained to recognize and remove cocaine prior to entry into the central nervous system. Antibody cocaine esterases and simple binders have been procured, however, rates and/or affinities still need improvement before clinical trials are warranted. Herein, we report the synthesis and testing of two new haptens for the procurement of cocaine binding antibodies and cocaine esterase catalytic antibodies. Central in the design of these haptens was the placement of the linker functionality distal from the anticipated cocaine epitopes in an attempt to bury the hapten deep within an antibody combining site to gain possible entropic and enthalpic advantages.
Update on infections in composite tissue allotransplantation.

Purpose of reviewSeveral excellent recent reviews have summarized the infectious complications of all composite tissue allograft recipients previously reported. The current review will highlight key management principles derived from these reports.Recent findingsSevere Gram-negative infections may o
Thermodynamics of the dissociation of morpholinium ion in seawater from 5 to 40°C

The dissociation constant of morpholinium ion has been determined in five synthetic seawaters at eight temperatures from 5 to 40°C. The seawater solvents contained NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4, CaCl2, and KCl in amounts corresponding to salinities of approximately 10, 20, 30, 35, and 40‰ (parts per thousand) and ionic strengths ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 mol-kg−1. Electromotive-force measurements of cells without liquid junction, with hydrogen gas electrodes and Ag/AgCl electrodes, were used to derive the dissociation constant and associated changes of enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity for the dissociation equilibrium. The pK values over the range of salinity S and thermodynamic temperature T studied are given by the equation $$\begin{gathered} pK = (1396.58 + 1.822S)/T - 2.14236 InT + 16.0138 + 0.001912S \hfill \\ - 9.722 \times 10^{ - 5} S^2 + 1.025 \times 10^{ - 6} S^3 \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ At a salinity of 35‰, corresponding to ‘normal seawater’, pK is higher by 0.206 at 25°C than in the water solvent, while ΔHo is increased by 292 cal-mol−1 and both ΔSo and ΔC p o are substantially unchanged. The buffer composed of 0.04 molal morpholinium chloride and 0.04 molal morpholine is useful for pH control in synthetic seawater media.
Pure mitral regurgitation associated with a malfunctioning congenitally bicuspid aortic valve necessitating combined mitral and aortic valve replacement.

Abstract In summary, some patients with severely dysfunctioning congenitally bicuspid aortic valves develop pure mitral regurgitation severe enough to warrant mitral valve replacement or repair. The most common cause of the associated mitral regurgitation is leaflet and chordal damage from infective endocarditis.
Involvement of the telomeric protein Pin2/TRF1 in the regulation of the mitotic spindle.

Pin2/TRF1 was independently identified as a telomeric DNA-binding protein (TRF1) that regulates telomere length, and as a protein (Pin2) that can bind the mitotic kinase NIMA and suppress its lethal phenotype. We have previously demonstrated that Pin2/TRF1 levels are cell cycle-regulated and its overexpression induces mitotic arrest and then apoptosis. This Pin2/TRF1 activity can be potentiated by microtubule-disrupting agents, but suppressed by phosphorylation of Pin2/TRF1 by ATM; this negative regulation is critical in mediating for many, but not all, ATM-dependent phenotypes. Interestingly, Pin2/TRF1 specifically localizes to mitotic spindles in mitotic cells and affects the microtubule polymerization in vitro. These results suggest a role of Pin2/TRF1 in mitosis. However, nothing is known about whether Pin2/TRF1 affects the spindle function in mitotic progression. Here we characterized a new Pin2/TRF1-interacting protein, EB1, that was originally identified in our yeast two-hybrid screen. Pin2/TRF1 bound EB1 both in vitro and in vivo and they also co-localize at the mitotic spindle in cells. Furthermore, EB1 inhibits the ability of Pin2/TRF1 to promote microtubule polymerization in vitro. Given that EB1 is a microtubule plus end-binding protein, these results further confirm a specific interaction between Pin2/TRF1 and the mitotic spindle. More importantly, we have shown that inhibition of Pin2/TRF1 in ataxia–telangiectasia cells is able to fully restore their mitotic spindle defect in response to microtubule disruption, demonstrating for the first time a functional involvement of Pin2/TRF1 in mitotic spindle regulation.
A rapid and efficient cycloaddition of simple imines with activated dienes leading to amino sugars; Unusually high “chelation-controlled” diastereoselectivity in the addition to an α,β-dihydroxy imine protected as a ketal.

Abstract The addition of a ketal-protected imine to an activated diene using diethylaluminum chloride as a catalyst leads to an unexpected “chelation-controlled” product.
Being Examples to the Flock: The Role of Church Leaders and African American Families Seeking Mental Health Care Services

Within the context of Black churches, African American clergy have a significant role in the delivery of mental health care services for parishioners and their families. Working toward better linkages between faith-based communities and more formal mental health care could help to provide more culturally sensitive and timely mental health care for African American families. Using a salient part of an integrative model (Davey and Watson in Contemp Fam Ther 30:31–47, 2008), the roles Black church leaders have historically played for African American families seeking outside mental health care services are considered. We additionally provide an example of a recent collaborative partnership with a Black church that points toward some promising directions for future research and clinical collaborations between the field of couple and family therapy and the Black church community.
A Knowledge-Gradient Policy for Sequential Information Collection

In a sequential Bayesian ranking and selection problem with independent normal populations and common known variance, we study a previously introduced measurement policy which we refer to as the knowledge-gradient policy. This policy myopically maximizes the expected increment in the value of information in each time period, where the value is measured according to the terminal utility function. We show that the knowledge-gradient policy is optimal both when the horizon is a single time period and in the limit as the horizon extends to infinity. We show furthermore that, in some special cases, the knowledge-gradient policy is optimal regardless of the length of any given fixed total sampling horizon. We bound the knowledge-gradient policy's suboptimality in the remaining cases, and show through simulations that it performs competitively with or significantly better than other policies.
Subclavian Stent Implantation to Alleviate Coronary Steal through a Patent Internal Mammary Artery Graft

Purpose:Interventional techniques are rapidly supplanting conventional surgical therapies for the treatment of brachiocephalic occlusive disease. Although coronary-subclavian steal has been success...