cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subjective and objective sleep differ in male and female collegiate athletes

Abstract Background/Purpose Despite the importance of sleep for athletic performance, there is a lack of normative sleep data and sex comparisons in collegiate athletes. The primary purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence of insufficient sleep in collegiate athletes, with a secondary aim to compare male and female athletes. Procedures Participants included 121 collegiate athletes (65 men and 56 women) from six team sports and three individual sports. Subjective assessments of sleep included at-home sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Objective assessments of sleep included three consecutive off-season weekdays of wrist actigraphy to assess total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). Main Findings Actigraphy revealed that 94% of student-athletes received 5, 28% had ISI scores >7, and 19% had ESS scores >10. Objective TST was not different between sexes (6.7±0.1 vs. 6.7±0.1 hours, P = .99), but females demonstrated higher SE (87±1 vs. 82±1%, P Conclusions The majority of male and female collegiate athletes received less than age-recommended levels of sleep, and 44% subjectively reported poor sleep quality, mild severity insomnia, and/or excessive daytime sleepiness. Sex differences were observed in male and female collegiate athletes.
Colonial Transactions: Imaginaries, Bodies, and Histories in Gabon

This is a book review of Florence Bernault's Colonial Transactions: Imaginaries, Bodies, and Histories in Gabon.
Glucose as the Fifth Vital Sign: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Non-ICU Hospital Setting.

OBJECTIVE The current standard for hospital glucose management is point-of-care (POC) testing. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of real-time CGM (RT-CGM) compared with POC in a non-ICU hospital setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 110 adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on a non-ICU floor received RT-CGM with Dexcom G6 versus usual care (UC). RT-CGM data were wirelessly transmitted from the bedside. Hospital telemetry monitored RT-CGM data and notified bedside nursing of glucose alerts and trends. Standardized protocols were used for interventions. RESULTS The RT-CGM group demonstrated significantly lower mean glucose (M∆ = −18.5 mg/dL) and percentage of time in hyperglycemia >250 mg/dL (−11.41%) and higher median time in range 70–250 mg/dL (+11.26%) compared with UC (Ps CONCLUSIONS RT-CGM can be used successfully in community-based hospital non-ICU settings to improve glucose management. Continuously streaming glucose readings may truly be the fifth vital sign.
Heterotopic caval valve implantation for the management of severe tricuspid regurgitation: a case series.

Background Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a complex condition that can be difficult to treat medically, and often surgical intervention is prohibited due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with this intervention. In patients who have failed maximal medical therapy and have progressive symptoms related to their severe TR, heterotopic caval valve implantation (CAVI) offers potential for symptom relief for these patients. Case summary We present two cases of patients with severe TR with symptoms of heart failure that were refractory to medical therapy. Due to extensive comorbidities in these patient's surgical intervention was deemed unsuitable and the decision was made to proceed with heterotopic CAVI in order to try and control their symptoms. Both patients successfully underwent the procedure and had an Edwards SAPIEN 3 valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) implanted in the inferior vena cava/right atrium junction. In both patients, there was improvement in the postoperative haemodynamics as measured by invasive and non-invasive methods. Successful discharge was achieved in both patients with improvement in their symptoms. Discussion Selective use of heterotopic CAVI to treat symptomatic severe TR that is refractory to medical therapy may be a viable option to improve symptoms in those patients that are unsuitable for surgical intervention.
ReMeDy: a platform for integrating and sharing published stem cell research data with a focus on iPSC trials.

ABSTRACT Recent regenerative medicine studies have emphasized the need for increased standardization, harmonization and sharing of information related to stem cell product characterization, to help drive these innovative interventions toward public availability and to increase collaboration in the scientific community. Although numerous attempts and numerous databases have been made to manage these data, a platform that incorporates all the heterogeneous data collected from stem cell projects into a harmonized project-based framework is still lacking. The aim of the database, which is described in this study, is to provide an intelligent informatics solution that integrates comprehensive characterization of diverse stem cell product characteristics with research subject and project outcome information. In the resulting platform, heterogeneous data are validated using predefined ontologies and stored in a relational database, to ensure data quality and ease of access. Testing was performed using 51 published, publically available induced pluripotent stem cell projects conducted in clinical, preclinical and in-vitro evaluations. Future aims of this project include further increasing the database size to include all published stem cell trials and develop additional data visualization tools to improve usability. Our testing demonstrated the robustness of the proposed platform, by seamlessly harmonizing diverse common data elements, and the potential of this platform for driving knowledge generation from the aggregation and harmonization of these diverse data. DATABASE URL https://remedy.mssm.edu/.
Chapter 16 Structure and function of methanogen genes

Publisher Summary Methanogens are defined and unified as a group by their common energy-conserving metabolism, which generates methane. Genes are located at positions all around the molecule, and crosshybridization experiments do not indicate large numbers of repetitive elements, as found in the genomes of some halophilic archaea. Extrachromosomal genetic elements, superficially very similar to extrachromosomal elements found in bacteria, have been described in methanogens. Promoter structure is the one feature of methanogen gene organization that is conspicuously different from its bacterial counterpart. The same consensus sequence is not only applicable to both stable ribo nucleic acid (RNA) and protein-encoding genes in methanogens, but there is substantial overlap with the consensus sequences established for promoters in nonmethanogenic archaea. In addition to the RNAP (RNA polymerase) holoenzyme and the primary sequence of the promoter, transcription factors are also needed to regulate transcription initiation in methanogens. The MR isolated from cells growing exponentially under substrate sufficient conditions (MRII) has an approximately four-fold greater specific activity than MRI isolated from cells entering and in stationary phase.
J. D. Doenecke (2011). Nothing Less Than War: A New History of America's Entry Into World War I

America's entry into World War I was one of the turning points of the twentieth century. More so than ever before, the United States broke with its traditional aloofness from international politics...
Improved cross-sectional echocardiographic technique for visualization of the retrocardiac descending aorta in its long axis

The feasibility of using an improved ultrasonic technique for visualization of the retrocardiac descending thoracic aorta was studied in 50 consecutive patients. Both anterior and posterior aortic walls were well delineated in long as well as short axis in 92%. The mean length of the visualized portion of the retrocardiac aorta was 8.4 cm (range 4.5 to 13) and exceeded 6 cm in 40 of 46 patients. The mean diameter was 2.0 cm (range 1.3 to 2.7). Five patients with saccular (1 patient) and/or dissecting (all 5 patients) aneurysms involving the retrocardiac aorta were also examined. Abnormalities essentially identical to those seen with computerized tomography and aortography were noted. Intimal flaps were visualized by ultrasound in all 5 patients and were seen to oscillate reproducibly with the cardiac cycle, suggesting differential rates of filling of false and true lumens. This and other previous cross-sectional echocardiographic studies of the ascending aorta suggest that ultrasound may be useful in the initial evaluation of patients presenting with symptoms or signs suggestive of acute or chronic aortic disease.
Gas and solute diffusion in partially saturated porous media: Percolation theory and Effective Medium Approximation compared with lattice Boltzmann simulations

Understanding and accurate prediction of gas or liquid phase (solute) diffusion are essential to accurate prediction of contaminant transport in partially saturated porous media. In this study, we propose analytical equations, using concepts from percolation theory and the Effective Medium Approximation (EMA) to model the saturation dependence of both gas and solute diffusion in porous media. The predictions of our theoretical approach agree well with the results of nine lattice Boltzmann simulations. We find that the universal quadratic scaling predicted by percolation theory, combined with the universal linear scaling predicted by the EMA, describes diffusion in porous media with both relatively broad and extremely narrow pore size distributions.
What Women in Groups Can Learn from the Goddess

Abstract This article explicates the merging of Goddess archetypes with method-consciousness raising and ritual-and skill to empower women in all-women groups. The suggestion of bringing the Goddess into all-women groups is explored. A brief presentation of the Goddess and Goddess archetypes is presented. This article illustrates spaces where and exemplifies how practitioners can bring Goddess archetypes into groups to reaffirm women and strengthen their resiliency.
Water–Rock Geochemical Considerations for Aquifer Storage and Recovery: Florida Case Studies

Publisher Summary This chapter investigates the three aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) facilities in Southwest Florida to understand water–rock geochemical interactions during the ASR process. Mobilization of metals from the Floridan Aquifer System (FAS) matrix during ASR activities is apparent and is likely due to a complex interaction of geochemical processes. The chemically heterogeneous aquifer contains metal-rich phases in sufficient amounts to become mobilized by oxidation or other processes to yield concentrations in recovered waters that may exceed maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). Arsenian pyrite is among the sources of arsenic and other trace metals in the aquifer; however, preliminary sequential extraction studies and work by other researchers suggest that phases such as organics contain As and other metals. Moreover, organic material may contain uranium, which is also thought to be associated with carbonate minerals in the Suwannee Limestone. Water-quality data from more than 15 cycle tests from three ASR facilities in Southwestern Florida indicate significant mobilization of metals into stored and recovered water during ASR.
Genes, Memes and Cultural Heredity

ion of their autocatalytic role) as replicator accounts try to do. A new “heterocatalytic” account of (biological) genes consilient with this is richly elaborated by Eva Naumann-Held (1998). Heterocatalytic gene-like things picked out by the GE criterion in biology would include some but not all genes, some things which are not genes, and most often, heterogeneous complexes of both. In some domains (like cultural evolution) gene-like things may be picked out by GE criteria where there is arguably nothing picked out by autocatalytic criteria, or more commonly, where autocatalysis is such a distributed and diffuse process that there seems no point to try to track compact lineages through it. [How does a scientific theory make a copy of itself? VERY indirectly!] Economist Kenneth Boulding’s used to say that: “A car is just an organism with an exceedingly complicated sex life.”13 Like a technological virus, it takes over a complex social structure and redirects the resources of a large fraction of it to reproduce more of its own kind. Indeed, our economic system has fostered an environment – a “culture dish” in which the invention, mutation, and expansion of such cultural viruses is encouraged, many environmentalists would say, until it has assumed cancerous proportions. (See also Sperber 1995). Griesemer’s account dovetails naturally with generative entrenchment, and was designed to do so. If an adaptive structure meeting (1–5) is even minimally adapted to its environment or task, then modifications of more deeply GE’d elements will have higher probabilities both of being maladaptive, and of being more seriously maladaptive. These probabilities become more extreme – in the simplest models, exponentially so – either for larger structures (e.g., if they grow by adding elements downstream), or as one looks to more deeply entrenched elements in a given structure. Either change increases the degree of “lock in” of entrenched elements.14 Crucial for cultural evolution is the larger number of ways we have for modulating or weakening generative entrenchment temporarily or for some purposes so we can (occasionally) make deeper modifications and get away with it. (Wimsatt 1987, 2000). [Most of these ways for facilitating deep modification are not applicable for, or present only in much weaker versions for biology. Thus, as we already know – for this and several other reasons – cultural evolution generally proceeds much faster than biological evolution.] Selection acts on the structure as a whole, so parts of an adaptive structure are inevitably coadapted to each other, as well as to different components of the environment. So larger changes in this structure will have to meet more design constraints. Fewer changes can do so. So ever larger changes tend to have a rapidly decreasing chance of being adaptive. Mutations in deeply GE’d elements will have large and diverse effects, and thus are much more likely
Metabolism of formiminoglycine. Formiminotetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase.

Abstract Formiminotetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase has been purified approximately 40-fold from lyophilized cells of Clostridium cylindrosporum. The purified enzyme is homogeneous by ultracentrifugation, and the molecular weight is estimated as approximately 38,000. The affinity constant for (-)-formiminotetrahydrofolate is 2.8 x 10-5 m. The formimino derivatives of tetrahydropteroyl-l-aspartate and tetrahydropteroyltri-l-glutamate (γ linkage) were synthesized, and the kinetic constants were determined. The activity of the enzyme is inhibited strongly by (±)-tetrahydrofolate and several other pteridine derivatives, as well as by metal ions. The enzyme has optimum activity at pH 7.2. The spectral evidence obtained suggested that the reaction is reversible to a small extent at pH 8.2.
A "divide and conquer" technique for the design of wide dynamic range continuous time filters

This work presents a novel technique for the design of continuous time analog filters with high dynamic range and low power dissipation. The essence of the method is to break up the required dynamic range of the filter in smaller ranges, and utilize separate filters in each one of them. This is done in such a way that the output is not disturbed whenever a different filter takes over. Very serious power dissipation and chip area savings will be shown to result from this technique.
Complications Encountered, Instruments at the Ready: Here Is a List of “What Ifs” and “What to Do’s”

During a case of penetrating keratoplasty, your surgeon has removed the patient’s cornea button and is about to suture on the donor cornea. The patient coughs and your surgeon notices sudden loss of the red reflex. An expanding dark suprachoroidal mass is noted with expulsion of the intraocular lens.
Meta-analysis: drawing conclusions when study results vary.

Low-dose aspirin has been suggested to positively impact a number of clinical outcomes associated with oxidative stress; however, results of clinical trials surrounding its effect on a woman’s ability to achieve and sustain pregnancy have been inconclusive. A meta-analysis is an advantageous tool in this situation. Meta-analyses allow researchers to formally and systematically pool together all relevant research in order to clarify findings and form conclusions based on all currently available information. The purpose of this chapter is to describe how to perform a meta-analysis, clarify the impact of model selection, and provide examples of implementation.
Combination of Microdermabrasion and Chemical Peels

Microdermabrasion is a popular technique for superficial resurfacing of the skin [1]. It involves the propulsion of abrasive microcrystals on to the treatment area in short strokes using a special handpiece. The handset simultaneously vacuums away the used abrasive particles and skin debris. The speed of the particles (and the vacuum suction) can be adjusted by the operator to control the volume of particles bombarding the skin. Other factors influencing the intensity of the treatment are the speed of movement of the handpiece and the number of times it is passed over the skin. An increased depth of microdermabrasion is achieved when the handpiece is moved slowly and repeatedly over a specific site [2]. Overall, the technique is considered to be minimally invasive with few complications [2]. Particle-free microdermabrasion units have become extremely popular. Such units utilize a disposable or reusable diamond wand to induce abrasion. Numerous microdermabrasion units are available globally.
Toxic Encounters: Poisoning in Early Modern English Literature and Culture

This essay discusses the various ways poisoning signified as a literal act and symbolic motif in the literature and culture of early modern England. I offer an overview of the scholarship on the subject, from its early focus on dramatic imagery and questions of historical prevalence, to its interest in poisoning’s cultural and rhetorical meanings. This field of study has enjoyed significant growth in the past 10 years with increased critical attention to embodiment, political rhetoric, and encounters between dominant and marginalized groups. Poisoning serves as an important index of early modern ideas about violence, language, health (individual and social), gender, and nationhood. I argue, finally, that it is most significant in its production of a rhetoric of terror, one that may be particularly situated in its historical moment, but also that resonates with readers and critics of later periods.
Evolution of transmission mode in obligate symbionts

Background: A host obtains symbionts by horizontal transmission when infected from the environment or contagiously from other hosts in the same generation. In contrast, vertical transmission occurs when a host obtains its symbionts directly from its parents. Either vertical or horizontal transmission can sustain an association between a host and its symbiont. Questions: What evolutionary forces are necessary to evolve from an ancestral state of horizontal transmission to a derived state of vertical transmission? Mathematical methods: We explore a general model of fitness interaction, including both additive and epistatic effects, between host and symbiont genes. Recursion equations allow us to analyse the short-term behaviour of the model and to study long-term deterministic effects with numerical iterations. Key assumptions: Obligate interaction between a symbiont and a single host species with genetically determined horizontal and vertical transmission. No free-living symbionts or uninfected hosts and each host is infected by only a single symbiont genetic lineage (no multiple infections). No population structure. Conclusions: Epistasis for fitness between host and symbiont genes, like that in a matching alleles model, is a necessary condition for the evolution of vertical from horizontal transmission. Stochastic individual-based simulations show that (1) mutation facilitates the switch to vertical transmission and (2) vertical transmission is a stable evolutionary endpoint for a matching alleles model.
Evaluation of radiochemical purity of commercially available I-123 MIBG

2238 Objectives I-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is increasingly utilized in nuclear medicine, particularly in nuclear cardiology. There are currently two commercially available products; Adreview (GE Healthcare) and I-123 MIBG (Anazao Healthcare). Our facility evaluated the radiochemical purity of these two commercially available radiopharmaceuticals. Methods The radiochemical purity of Adreview and I-123 MIBG (Anazao) was evaluated at receipt/reconstitution and at 4 hours after receipt using a miniaturized chromatography system consisting of silicic acid chromatography paper (Varian, Inc) with 0.9% sodium chloride. I-123 MIBG was spotted at the origin, developed in saline, cut at Rf = 0.7 and counted using a multichannel analyzer interfaced to a NaI (TI) well detector. For each specific evaluation, three replicate samples were analyzed and the data statistically summarized. Results The radiochemical purity of Adreview at receipt and at four hours after receipt was 94.5% and 93.5%, respectively. The radiochemical purity of I-123 MIBG (Anazao Healthcare) at reconstitution and four hours later was 92.9% and 91.1%, respectively. Conclusions The labeling efficiency of Adreview (GE Healthcare) and I-123 MIBG (Anazao Healthcare) was assessed. The radiochemical purity of both products was greater than 90% at 4 hours after receipt/reconstitution.
Supplier partnership program

This paper discusses some very basic principles for improving the relationship between a supplier and a manufacturer. The ‘common goals’ of both parties can be substantially improved if they communicate often and plan in detail. Some of these basic principles discussed include: product evaluation, extensive testing, implementation of SPC (statistical process control), feedback, effective corrective actions, open communication and quality awareness program.
Erratum to: Lymphotrophic nanoparticle enhanced MR imaging (LNMRI) for lymph node imaging

Erratum to: Lymphotrophic nanoparticle enhanced MR imaging (LNMRI) for lymph node imaging A. Saokar, M. Braschi, M. Harisinghani Center of Molecular Imaging and Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, White 270, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital, White 270, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
New Three-Phase Equilibrium Model (Oil/Gas/Brine) Used To Interpret Production of Liquid Hydrocarbons From a Geopressured Gas Well

Several of the design geopressured gas wells developed by the US Department of Energy have produced small amounts of liquid hydrocarbons. At all wells, an unusual, aromatic gas condensate has been collected. This condensate differs dramatically from oil, containing predominantly light aromatic hydrocarbons, with subordinate cycloalkanes, branched alkanes, and normal alkanes. Two of the wells have also produced a paraffinic oil. We have analyzed hydrocarbon liquids produced from the Gladys McCall No. 1 well (Cameron Parish, Louisiana). We have developed a computer program that models detailed phase relations in the system gas-oil-brine, and have used it to interpret the production of hydrocarbon liquids from Gladys McCall No. 1. We conclude that a single dispersed hydrocarbon phase was present within the producing formation, initially at some distance from the wellbore. The aromatic condensate represents the relatively water soluble hydrocarbons which dissolved in the brine. Prolonged production of brine from the well caused the hydrocarbon phase to move toward the well, ultimately leading to production of oil. Adsorption of less volatile hydrocarbons on minerals and organic matter retarded their transport in the formation, producing some chromatographic separation of the hydrocarbons in the oil. 13 refs., 5 figs.
Recommendations as personalized marketing: insights from customer experiences

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is an exploratory study of customers’ “lived” experiences of commercial recommendation services to better understand customer expectations for personalization with recommendation agents. Recommendation agents programmed to “learn” customer preferences and make personalized recommendations of products and services are considered a useful tool for targeting customers individually. Some leading service firms have developed proprietary recommender systems in the hope that personalized recommendations could engage customers, increase satisfaction and sharpen their competitive edge. However, personalized recommendations do not always deliver customer satisfaction. More often, they lead to dissatisfaction, annoyance or irritation. Design/methodology/approach – The critical incident technique is used to analyze customer satisfactory or dissatisfactory incidents collected from online group discussion participants and bloggers to develop a classification scheme. Findings – A clas...
Effect of dietary purines and pyrimidines on growth and development of Drosophila

Abstract 1. 1. Addition of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine) to the nutrient medium affected the growth and development of Drosophila melanogaster. 2. 2. Adenine was detrimental to the metamorphosis of the flies and caused weight reduction in newly hatched flies. 3. 3. Addition of 0.23% of adenine per 100 g of the nutrient medium was sufficient to reduce by one-half the number of adult flies hatched (LD50 = 0.23%). 4. 4. Adenine also changed purine-pyrimidine profiles in the larval and pupal stages, but had no effect on these profiles in adult flies.
Sr, Cd, Mn and Co distribution coefficients in calcite as a function of calcite precipitation rate

Abstract Distribution coefficients, as a function of precipitation rate, were determined for the metals Sr2+, Co2+, Mn2+ and Cd2+in calcite. A pH-stat was used to maintain a constant degree of-saturation, and hence precipitation rate, during each coprecipitation run. The precipitation rate was proportional to the degree of supersaturation and the mass of seed crystal introduced. Distribution coefficients (λ) as a function of rate were determined using radioactive isotopes for solutions with saturations Ω = 1 to Ω = 5.5 . Strontium distribution coefficients increased with increasing precipitation rate, while Co, Mn and Cd distribution coefficients decreased with increasing precipitation rate. The following rate expressions (at 25°C) were derived: log λSr = 0.249 log R −1.57log λMn = −0.266 log R + 1.35log λCo = −0.173 log R + 0.68log λCd = −0.194 log R + 1.46 where R is the observed precipitation rate in nmoles CaCO3 per mg seed crystal per min. In separate experiments the uptake of radioactive isotopes was monitored during the recrystallization of calcite seed crystals. Rates of recrystallization were from 100 to 10, 000 times slower than the pH-stat experiments, but yielded distribution coefficients consistent with the above rate expressions. Using gross estimates of biogenic crystal growth rates, aragonite to calcite transformation rates, and the above Sr rate expression, biogenic calcite and diagenetic calcite Sr contents are estimated. These experiments indicate that in addition to solution composition, precipitation rate is a significant factor influencing the trace metal content of naturally occurring calcite.
Hydrolytic antibodies: variations on a theme

Abstract Comparison of four independently-derived hydrolytic antibodies reveals striking similarities in their active sites. A common structural motif appears to be induced when the immune system is challenged with antigens containing aryl phosphonate and phosphonamidate groups, and key variations on this ‘theme' must account for the observed differences in catalytic efficacy and mechanism. The limited structural repertoire accessed through standard immunization procedures suggests that new approaches may be needed to produce antibody catalysts with enzyme-like efficiencies.
Molecular epidemiology of androgen-metabolic loci in prostate cancer: predisposition and progression.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We review recent molecular epidemiological data with regard to the association between several allelic variants of certain androgen-metabolic genes and the predisposition to and progression of prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: We review recent data dealing with genetic variations in androgens and the etiology of prostate cancer.Results: Recent molecular epidemiological data support an association between several allelic variants of certain androgen-metabolic genes and the predisposition to and progression of prostate cancer. While some of the allelic variants examined are consistently shown to be associated with increased prostate cancer risk, most of the variants show significant variability in risk.Conclusions: A multidisciplinary attack on this problem, involving biochemistry, molecular genetics, pharmacogenetics, endocrinology and epidemiology, may be a useful paradigm in the analysis of prostate cancer and other complex human diseases. Based on the reviewed literature, we propos...
The purification and properties of an alcohol dehydrogenase from mouse liver

I. An alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol : NAD oxidoreductase, EC (I. I. I) was isolated from the supernatant fraction of mouse liver and purified zo6-fold. 2. A number of aliphatic aldehydes, ranging from acetaldehyde to octadecanal, as well as benzaldehyde and isobutanal, were capable of being reduced by the enzyme. X, values ranged from g-g x IO-* to 2.5 x 10-s M. 3. Cetyl alcohol was slowly oxidized to the aldehyde by the enzyme in the presence of NAD+. However, attempts to oxidize ethanol were unsuccessful. 4. The enzyme showed a pHoptimum at pH 6.8 withirreversibledenaturationoccurring below pH 5 and above pH g.
A completely cold laser ion source for separators

Abstract A new type of laser ion source is proposed for the UNISOR isotope separator. Products from heavy-ion reactions are stopped in helium gas and transported to a cold collector. After a collection period, the sample is desorbed by a pulsed laser beam. A second laser ionizes the atoms of interest in the vapor cloud. The ions are extracted and sent through the separator. Recent analytical applications of resonant and nonresonant ionization indicate that a total efficiency of 1–10% should be achievable.
Psychological considerations in a group of children with poliomyelitis

Summary 1. A group of fifty-two children with poliomyelitis were followed by regular interviews and psychological examinations for three years. 2. Those patients who made a complete recovery from the motor effects of the disease were likely to be emotionally fragile and often showed psychological symptoms suggesting cerebral involvement. These difficulties combined with the emotional upheaval created by the illness resulted in many problems. 3. Those patients who developed sufficient motor disability to require prolonged hospitalization and orthopedic care showed certain characteristic disturbances: a. Those in the age-group one to five years were found to have an irregular mental development. During the first years of hospitalization, a lag in speech development was particularly noted. Difficulty in comprehension of object relationships was noted. Unsatisfactory emotional adjustment was observed, which improved gradually after the child's discharge to the home, but in most cases left some marks upon the patient's personality development. b. Those in the age group five years and over showed varying symptoms, ranging from short attention spans, difficulty in concentration and resulting learning difficulties to more specific disturbances in functions of abstraction suggesting nervous system involvement. General emotional fragility was also quite evident. All these signs were prominent during the first year. After this, they tended to recede, though traces were still discernible for several years. 4. This study suggests that poliomyelitis, first as a specific infection of the central nervous system and second, as a crippling disease leading to prolonged hospitalization and immobilization, tends to produce interference with normal mental and emotional development. 5. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that greater attention be paid to psychological factors in the care of these children as follows: a. Careful psychological appraisal of children recovering from poliomyelitis will be useful in order to protect the recovering child from undue mental strain. b. Supportive technique during the period of readjustment of the child to the home may help relieve parents' anxieties and children's emotional problems in the convalescent period. c. Special programs devised to compensate the hospitalized and immobilized child for restricted experiences will be useful in mitigating problems in emotional, mental, and social development.
The Socialist-left Opposition in Post-communist Hungary

VIRTUALLY ALL POST-COMMUNIST Central and East European states show that socialist and/or social democratic trends survive strongly in the systemic transformation era, and their potential political influence cannot be discounted. The Lithuanian, Bulgarian and Romanian cases particularly support this perception and leftist tendencies are clearly visible in the Polish, Czech and Slovak cases as well. In Hungary there are several left parties and such factions are present even within the liberal opposition; public opinion polls indicate that the political culture carries with it social values which are generally in favour of the redistributive and protective role(s) of the government. The spring 1990 elections in Hungary resulted in a limited representation for the socialists in Parliament. With only 33 of 386 seats, they are the only left component in opposition to the governing right-of-centre coalition parties: the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF), the Independent Smallholders and Citizens' Party (FKGP) and the Christian Democratic Party (KDNP). However, the socialists' limited parliamentary presence is not a realistic measure of the voter preferences because the 1989 Electoral Law introduced an exclusionary rule of 4% of the total national vote: parties polling below this ceiling did not receive legislative representation. From among several such parties the most significant ones were the reform-communist Hungarian Socialist Workers Party (MSZMP) and the Social Democratic Party (MSZDP); the picture is also blurred by the large number of non-voters whose political preferences remained uncertain (35% in the first round and 55% respectively in the run-offs). Considering the latent potential of the left on the Hungarian political palette, the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP)1 is the most visible and the only socialist-left opposition present in parliament.2 The MSZP is the best organised left force, led by an experienced and politically sophisticated leadership; it is likely to retain its prominent role and remain the focus of all left opposition in Hungary before and after the 1994 national elections. Therefore, a study of the socialists would provide a much needed perspective of the political, economic and social transformation. This article aims at accomplishing this objective primarily through the analysis of the political/ legislative role of the Socialist Party, its success and/or failure as the key figure in the political left today.
Using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to rescue acute myocardial infarction with cardiopulmonary collapse: the impact of early coronary revascularization

Methods This retrospective study included 35 consecutive patients rescued by ECMO for AMI -induced cardiopulmonary collapse in a single institution between June 2003 and December 2011. Coronary revascularization was performed soon after ECMO initiation. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was the primary revascularization strategy. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed if an unsuitable anatomy or unsatisfactory result of PCI. Comparisons were performed in groups with different revascularization strategies and outcomes.
Signal requirements for lymphocyte activation: Role of a T-cell growth factor produced by guinea pig peritoneal exudate lymphocytes

Abstract Peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PEL) from immunized guinea pigs, when pulsed with antigen, rapidly release a T-cell stimulatory factor (TSF). TSF nonspecifically enhances the proliferation of purified guinea pig T cells in the presence of another signal such as PMA, PHA, or Con A. On a per cell basis, antigen-pulsed PEL produce about 14 times more activity than similarly stimulated lymph node lymphocytes. Several lines of evidence support the view that TSF is the guinea pig equivalent of TCGF (IL-2). TSF containing supernatants have IL-2 activity when assayed on the IL-2-dependent CT6 cell line. When TSF containing supernatants were absorbed with CT6 cells, there was a significant decrease of both TSF activity as assessed on guinea pig T cells as well as IL-2 activity as assessed by the CT6 assay. Additionally, partially purified human and mouse IL-2 have TSF activity, while the macrophage product, IL-1, has no TSF activity. After chromatography on a S-200 column, TSF activity and IL-2 activity coelute at an apparent molecular weight of 19,000.
Genetics construction kit: A tool for open-ended investigation in transmission genetics

GENETICS CONSTRUCTION KIT (GCK) is a learning tool developed as part of a BioQUEST Curriculum Consortium development project.GCK simulates the phenomena of classical transmission genetics. It enables students to mate simulated organisms and from these matings, infer the genetic mechanisms that account for their data. The unique feature ofGCK is it’s construction kit approach to creating problems. The construction kit is the “behind the scenes” mechanism by which users set the parameters of the problem sets that can be generated. This enables users to control the complexity of the problems to be solved without losing the ability to generate almost infinite numbers of problems. The genetics phenomena that can be simulated in up to six loci include simple dominance, co-dominance, and multiple alleles, plus linkage, sex linkage, and cross over events (students can calculate map distances) in the Macintosh version with the addition of epistasis and pleiotropy in the Apple II version.GCK has been used extensively in science education research to gain understanding of student learning and model construction and revision in genetics with respect to curriculum development.
A comment on the spontaneous breaking of the Poincaré algebra in anyonic systems

Abstract The spontaneous breaking of the Poincare algebra in systems of quasi-particles coupled to a gauge background is discussed. We show that the restoration of the Poincare algebra in three dimensions and zero chemical potential is achieved by adding a massless scalar mode or a massive spin-one mode.
Comparison of digital and cine coronary arteriography

Digital coronary arteriography has advanced from a curiosity to a powerful clinical tool. This development has been motivated by the new imaging demands of interventional cardiology, by the need for quantifying atherosclerotic disease, and by advances in computer and video technology. Digital imaging has now essentially replaced cinefilm for clinical decision making in some catheterization laboratories, although uncertainty remains regarding the diagnostic comparability of the two modalities. Therefore, we compared simultaneously acquired digital and cine arteriograms from 18 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. Digital utilized pulse-progressive technique, a 512 × 512 pixel × 8 bit image matrix, and no post processing. Four angiographers interpreted the arteriograms, identifying 131 stenotic lesions for measurement with manual calipers. Measurements of percent diameter stenosis by digital and cine correlated closely (r=0.88), but digital estimated stenoses to be significantly more severe than cine (p 50% diameter narrowing. Interobserver variability was similar for digital and cine imaging. Thus, unprocessed digital and film-based coronary arteriography yield similar assessments of atherosclerotic stenoses, but the techniques may not be diagnostically interchangeable. This paper discusses the technical advances which have occurred in digital coronary arteriography, the comparability of digital and cine imaging, and the factors which may be responsible for observed differences between the two modalities.
Designing for collaboration: improving usability of complex software systems

Designing for collaboration approaches systems and users as a team and focuses on the cooperation between the two. This work in progress aims to delineate how designing for collaboration is also inherently designing for usability. It is proposed that designing for collaboration is theoretically more appropriate for building complex problem-solving applications, where the user and system are by definition co-information-processors.
Golgi-Kopsch silver study of the brain of a patient with untreated phenylketonuria, seizures, and cortical blindness

This report describes the morphological changes observed in the brain of an untreated 27-year-old man with phenylketonuria, cortical blindness, and seizures. Golgi-Kopsch silver, cresyl violet, and hematoxylin and eosin stains were used to study cell structure and organization of the cerebellum, the lateral geniculate nuclei, the visual cortex, frontal cortex, and hippocampus. Extensive neuronal losses occurred in the right lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), the visual cortex, and hippocampus. The left LGN, cerebellum, and frontal cortex retained neuronal components; there was a reduction in the number of dendritic processes on the Purkinje cells of the PKU subject. The loss of neurons in the LGN and occipital cortex is related to the blindness and the neuronal loss in the hippocampus is related to seizure activity.
Leukotrienes and tyrosine phosphorylation mediate stretching-induced actin cytoskeletal remodeling in endothelial cells.

We studied actin cytoskeletal remodeling and the role of leukotrienes and tyrosine phosphorylation in the response of endothelial cells to different types of cyclic mechanical stretching. Human aortic endothelial cells were grown on deformable silicone membranes subjected to either cyclic one-directional (strip) stretching (10%, 0.5 Hz), or biaxial stretching. After 1 min of either type of stretching, actin cytoskeletons of the stretched cells were already disrupted. After stretching for 10 and 30 min, the percentage of the stretched cells that had disrupted actin cytoskeletons were significantly increased, compared with control cells without stretching. Also, at these two time points, biaxial stretching consistently produced higher frequencies of actin cytoskeleton disruption. At 3 h, strip stretching caused the formation of stress fiber bundles, which were oriented nearly perpendicular to the stretching direction. With biaxial stretching, however, actin cytoskeletons in many stretched cells were remodeled into three-dimensional actin structures protruding outside the substrate plane, within which cyclic stretching was applied. In both stretching conditions, actin filaments were formed in the direction without substrate deformation. Moreover, substantially inhibiting either leukotriene production with nordihydroguaiaretic acid or tyrosine phosphorylation with tyrphostin A25 did not block the actin cytoskeletal remodeling. However, inhibiting both leukotriene production and tyrosine phosphorylation completely blocked the actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Thus, the study showed that the remodeling of actin cytoskeletons of the stretched endothelial cells include rapid disruption first and then re-formation. The resulting pattern of the actin cytoskeleton after remodeling depends on the type of cyclic stretching applied, but under either type of cyclic stretching, the actin filaments are formed in the direction without substrate deformation. Finally, leukotrienes and tyrosine phosphorylation are necessary for actin cytoskeletal remodeling of the endothelial cells in response to mechanical stretching.
Synthesis and biodistribution of [11C]adenosine 5'-monophosphate ([11C]AMP)

Imaging purine receptors and adenylate biodistribution in vivo may be of clinical importance not only for the investigation of normal adenylate metabolism but also in pathological conditions where adenylate uptake and/or release from certain tissues and organs may be altered, such as some types of cancer. In order to develop a tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) that would not be subject to loss of its radioisotope, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) was intrinsically labeled at the C-8 position with carbon-11. [11C]AMP was synthesized by reacting 5-amino-1-β-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamidine-5′-phosphate with [11C]formaldehyde. The metabolism of [11C]AMP in human blood was determined in vitro both in the presence and absence of dipyridamole. The ex vivo biodistribution of [11C]AMP and its in vivo dosimetry were determined in normal mice. The effect of dipyridamole on the distribution of [11C]AMP in mice was also determined. [11C]AMP was reliably synthesized in 34 minutes (n = 7) with an average radiochemical yield of 2.4% and an average specific activity of 90.10 GBq/μmol (2435 mCi/μmol) at end of synthesis. In normal mice, the highest uptake of [11C]AMP was in the lungs, blood, and heart. The ex vivo mouse experiments showed that the uptake of 11C radiotracer in the lungs at 60 minutes postinjection was significantly lower for dipyridamole-treated animals than controls. Dosimetry showed that the critical organs for radiation dose burden are kidneys and bladder. Treatment with dipyridamole blocked the red blood cell uptake of extracellular adenosine and therefore its subsequent intracellular conversion to ATP. The biodistribution studies indicate that the tracer has substantial accumulation in the kidneys, lungs, heart, and blood. [11C]AMP is promising as a PET-imaging agent to trace adenylate biology in vivo.
Dynamics of Excited Rare-Gas Atoms with Halide Molecules: The Ar(3P) + ClF → ArCl* + F, ArF* + Cl Reaction†

The product species originating from the interaction between metastable Ar atoms and the ClF molecules were studied using theoretical (structure and dynamics) methods. Quasiclassical trajectory cal...
Complex Dynamics of a Pyranose Ring Structure Molecule Attached to an Atomic Force Microscope

Dynamic numerical simulations were performed for a pyranose ring structure molecule attached to an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) using a standard semiempirical potential energy surface model. The fundamental static force-extension behavior was first determined using a slow pulling base excitation at the AFM probe. The static force-extension curve displays a stiffness nonlinearity, both softening and hardening, that depends upon level of the pulling force. For the dynamic analysis, a single harmonic base excitation is applied to the AFM probe. A typical evolution process from periodic to aperiodic or chaotic motion obtained by varying the excitation frequency and amplitude is discussed. A strong chaotic response motion was generated for certain system parameters. The numerical analysis shows this chaotic response arises from a molecular structure conformational change.