cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adult Neuronal Arf6 Controls Ethanol-Induced Behavior With Arfaptin Downstream of Rac1 and RhoGAP18B

Alcohol use disorders affect millions of individuals. However, the genes and signaling pathways involved in behavioral ethanol responses and addiction are poorly understood. Here we identify a conserved biochemical pathway that underlies the sedating effects of ethanol in Drosophila. Mutations in the Arf6 small GTPase signaling pathway cause hypersensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation. We show that Arf6 functions in the adult nervous system to control ethanol-induced behavior. We also find that the Drosophila Arfaptin protein directly binds to the activated forms of Arf6 and Rac1 GTPases, and mutants in Arfaptin also display ethanol sensitivity. Arf6 acts downstream of Rac1 and Arfaptin to regulate ethanol-induced behaviors, and we thus demonstrate that this conserved Rac1/Arfaptin/Arf6 pathway is a major mediator of ethanol-induced behavioral responses.
An overview: resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) within the perennial Triticeae.

Introgression of valuable gene(s) for insect resistance has been achieved by interspecific hybridization between the perennial Triticeae species and the cultivated cereals. We relate Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), resistance to the newly defined and realigned genera of the perennial Triticeae based on genomic composition. Possible sources of Russian wheat aphid resistance in the perennial Triticeae are reported for the first time. We could not correlate the degree of Russian wheat aphid resistance with the genomic system of classification. However, genera within the tribe Triticeae can be loosely grouped into three categories: (1) moderately resistant: Leymus and Elytrigia ; (2) tolerant to moderately susceptible: Agropyron, Pseudoroegneria, Elymus , and Pascopyrum ; and (3) susceptible: Hordeum and Thinopyrum . Within the tribe Triticeae, the genera Leymus and Elytrigia are the best sources of resistance. However, within each species, extensive variation for resistant types occurs.
Physical and numerical modeling of tuning and diffraction in azimuthally anisotropic media

Fractured reservoirs are an important target for exploration and production geophysics, and the azimuthal anisotropy often associated with these reservoirs can strongly influence seismic wave propagation. We created a physical model of a fractured reservoir to simulate some of these propagation effects. The reservoir is represented by a phenolite disk that is thin with respect to the elastic wavelengths in the experiment, creating model dimensions that are representative of realistic reservoirs. Phenolite is strongly anisotropic with orthorhombic symmetry, which suggests that azimuthal amplitude versus offset (AVO) effects should be obvious in data. We acquired both SH- and P-wave data in common‐offset gathers with a near offset and a far offset and found that although the SH-wave data show clear azimuthal variations in AVO, the P-wave signals show no apparent changes with azimuth. We then applied numerical modeling to analyze the data. Because ray methods cannot model diffractions from the disk edge, we ...
Endothelial succinate utilization in atherosclerotic rabbits

Abstract Endothelial cells from thoracic aortas of 80 pair-fed male, New Zealand White rabbits maintained on a Purina Rabbit Chow diet containing 0.5% cholesterol for 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks were isolated by aortic lumenal trypsinization. Oxygen consumption was measured by adaptation of a Radiometer blood microsystem (BMS 3b) and standardized on the basis of cell protein. A biphasic response in endothelial oxygen consumption was obtained. Cells from the 2 week treated group had a 70% greater mean QO 2 than controls; those from the 4, 8, and 16 week treated groups showed decreases of 40%, 45%, and 35%, respectively. These data are compared to data derived from similar studies using intima-media preparations.
Poor Utilization of Phosphorus in Cereals and Legumes by Chicks for Bone Development

Abstract Heuser, Norris, McGinnis and Scott (1943) presented evidence indicating that the phosphorus of cereals and legumes at levels of 0.38 and 0.59 percent did not promote normal bone development in chicks in spite of the presence of 100 A.O.A.C. units of vitamin D per 100 grams of diet. On the other hand, when the diet used in this research Work was supplemented with 2 per cent of steamed bone meal, approximately normal bone development was obtained. Because the results of this preliminary work were not entirely conclusive, further research work on the availability of the phosphorus of cereals and legumes has been conducted. The results confirmed the preliminary observations on the poor availability of the phosphorus of these products. We are presenting them in this report before the completion of the entire investigation as the present shortage of inorganic phosphorus supplements has produced a tendency to depend to a greater . . .
Distribution-Free Prediction Sets

This article introduces a new approach to prediction by bringing together two different nonparametric ideas: distribution-free inference and nonparametric smoothing. Specifically, we consider the problem of constructing nonparametric tolerance/prediction sets. We start from the general conformal prediction approach, and we use a kernel density estimator as a measure of agreement between a sample point and the underlying distribution. The resulting prediction set is shown to be closely related to plug-in density level sets with carefully chosen cutoff values. Under standard smoothness conditions, we get an asymptotic efficiency result that is near optimal for a wide range of function classes. But the coverage is guaranteed whether or not the smoothness conditions hold and regardless of the sample size. The performance of our method is investigated through simulation studies and illustrated in a real data example.
Scalable algorithms for three-dimensional reactive scattering: evaluation of a new algorithm for obtaining surface functions

Implementation of the adiabatically adjusting, principal axis hyperspherical coordinate (APH) approach of Parker and Pack for three-dimensional reactive scattering requires solution of a series of two-dimensional (2D) surface eigenproblems. A new algorithm is presented that takes the discrete variable representation (DVR) of the surface Hamiltonian and transforms it implicitly to the sequential diagonalization truncation (SDT) representation of Light and coworkers. This implicit transformation step, when combined with the implicit restarted Lanczos method of Sorensen with Chebyshev preconditioning, can be used to obtain accurate solutions to the large-dimensionality surface eigenproblems encountered in three-dimensional reactive scattering. Timing results are presented and comparisons made with the previously employed SDT-DVR approach for these 2D eigenproblems. The new algorithm is faster than the SDT-DVR algorithm currently in use by about a factor ranging from 2.6 to 4.5 for both scalar and vector implementations. This algorithm also requires much less memory for the same order DVR Hamiltonian than previous approaches. This permits solution of larger eigenproblems without resorting to external storage. Strategies for implementing this algorithm on parallel architecture machines are presented.
Murine susceptibility to organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN).

This study reports that CD-1 strain mice are neuropathologically and biochemically responsive to acute doses of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP). Young (25–30 g) male and female animals were exposed (po) to a single dose of TOCP (580–3480 mg/kg) and sampled for neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity at 24 and 44 hr postexposure and for neuropathic damage 14 days later. Biochemically, high intragroup variability existed at the lower doses, and at higher levels of TOCP exposure (i.e., ≥ 1160 mg/kg), mean brain NTE inhibition never exceeded 68%. Hen and mouse brain NTE activity, assayed in vitro for sensitivity to inhibition by tolyl saligenin phosphate (TSP), the active neurotoxic metabolite of TOCP, showed similar IC50 values. Histologically, highly variable spinal cord damage was recorded throughout treatment groups and mean damage scores followed a dose-response pattern with no apparent correlation to threshold (i.e., ≥ 65%) inhibition of brain NTE activity. Topographically, axonal degeneration in the mouse spinal cord predominated in the lateral and ventral columns of the upper cervical cord. Unlike the rat, which displays degeneration in the upper cervical cord's dorsal columns (i.e., gracilis fasciculus) in response to TOCP intoxication, treated mice showed minimal damage to this tract. To examine this discrepancy further, ultrastructural morphometric analysis of axon diameters in the cervical cord was performed in control mice and rats. These results indicated that in both species, the largest diameter (≥ 4 μm) axons are housed in the ventral columns of the cervical spinal cord, suggesting that axon length and diameter may not be the only criteria underlying fiber tract vulnerability in OPIDN.
Scouring of Buried Pleistocene Barrier Complexes as a Source of Channel Sand in Tidal Creeks, North Island Quadrangle, South Carolina

Scouring of buried Pleistocene barrier complexes has been documented through the use of aerial photographs, seismic data, and mineralogic, sedimentary and faunal analyses. This scouring is responsible for large bodies of sand occurring at meander bends and for isolated bodies of clean sand in mud sequences.
Effect of various goitrogens and of dose of propylthiouracil on the ratio of radioiodide concentrations in the thyroid gland and serum in mice.

IN SOME recent studies the ratio of the thyroid radioiodide concentration to the serum radioiodide concentration (T/S ratio) was higher when binding of radioiodide was blocked by a single injection of either propylthiouracil (Wollman and Scow, 1953) or iodide (Wollman and Scow, 1954b) than when binding was permitted. These observations are in agreement with conclusions reached in a theoretical analysis (Wollman, 1954) that merely blocking binding of radioiodide would be expected to elevate the T/S ratio provided that the iodide binding rate was fast compared with the rate of equilibration of iodide between thyroid gland and blood. It was also recognized (Wollman, 1954) that a goitrogen might elevate the T/S ratio by some mechanisms in addition to that of blocking binding. Several studies have been made to ascertain whether such mechanisms exist. The results of one study indicated that propylthiouracil administration increased the T/S ratio by a mechanism in addition to the expected effect of blocking bind...
The Role of Body Size in Mating Interactions of the Sexually Cannibalistic Fishing Spider Dolomedes triton

Some arachnids display extreme sexual size dimorphism (SSD) with adult females being several times larger than adult males. One explanation for SSD in species that exhibit pre-copulatory sexual cannibalism (female attack, kill and consumption of the male prior to mating) is that smaller males may be less likely victims of predatory attacks by females. However, in some sexually cannibalistic species SSD is relatively moderate (i.e. males are similar in size to females) suggesting benefits of large male body size. Here, I report the results of an experiment designed to explore the ramifications of body size in mating interactions of the sexually cannibalistic, North American fishing spider (Dolomedes triton). Results suggest that male size does not influence courtship behavior, the likelihood of being attacked, or the male's ability to secure a mounting. However, large males were superior at gaining copulations once mounted. Sexual cannibalism may also be predicated on female size. Female condition (mass/cephalothorax area) did not explain any of these behaviors from the copulatory sequence, however, females with a smaller cephalothorax area were more likely to attack courting males. Finally, analysis of the ratio of female size to male size showed that when SSD is weak males are more likely to escape attacks and mate successfully. Results are discussed in light of several hypotheses for sexual cannibalism, and the benefits of large male body size illustrated here are put forth as potential explanations for the relatively moderate extent of SSD found in this sexually cannibalistic species.
Mathematical modeling of competition for ammonium among Bacteria, Archaea and cyanobacteria within cyanobacterial mats: Can ammonia-oxidizers force nitrogen fixation?

Molecular analysis of cyanobacterial mat communities indicated that cyanobacteria, ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA), and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) coexist in those systems, competing for ammonium; this situation would imply competitive exclusion. We attempted to model how ammonia utilization niche partitioning occurs, and how ammonium levels can influence the interaction between those groups in a one-dimensional diffusionlimited system using Michaelis-Menten kinetics to describe ammonium consumption by each of those three groups. In our model, AOAs were able to dominate ammonium uptake by the community under most circumstances, except for unrealistically high (millimolar) levels of ammonium, where AOBs gained advantage. Cyanobacteria were unable to effectively compete for ammonium with either AOBs or AOAs throughout the mat at all ammonium concentrations and cell counts, suggesting that the presence of AOAs or AOBs forces cyanobacteria into nitrogen fixation mode. Such interaction can make cyanobacterial mats a net nitrogen source, as well as provide a carbon-independent energy transfer pathway from primary producers to the rest of the ecosystem.
Underestimates of intussusception rates among US infants based on inpatient discharge data: implications for monitoring the safety of rotavirus vaccines.

Background. Because a previous rotavirus vaccine was associated with intussusception, new rotavirus vaccines are monitored postlicensure for any such association. Accurate background intussusception rates are needed to determine whether the number of cases observed after vaccination exceeds that expected by chance. Previously, intussusception rates were obtained from inpatient discharge databases. We sought to determine the rate of intussusception among infants managed only with short-stay or emergency department care. Methods. Intussusception cases occurring in infants were identified retrospectively at 3 children's hospitals from January 2001 through March 2006, a period without rotavirus vaccine use, by a search of discharge, billing, and radiology databases for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 560.0 (intussusception) and procedure codes and by review of medical records. Results. Of 156 infants with intussusception fulfilling Brighton level 1 criteria, 81 (52%) were billed as inpatients, 68 (44%) as short-stay patients, and 7 (4%) as emergency department patients only. The use of only inpatients assigned code 560.0 underestimated the total number of level 1 cases at the hospitals by 44%. The mean annual intussusception rate for the hospitals' catchment counties was 49.3 cases per 100,000 live births (inpatient cases: 27.1 cases per 100,000 live births; short-stay or emergency department cases: 22.3 cases per 100,000 live births). Conclusions. Intussusception rates based solely on inpatient discharge databases could underestimate the true incidence of level 1 intussusception by >40%. Background rates used for assessment of risk after vaccination should account for cases managed only with short-stay or emergency department care.
Techniques for Studying Arterial Elastic Properties

To the Editor: I applaud the effort of Rietzchel and colleagues1 to compare two techniques in wide use for studying arterial elastic properties. This is a study long in need of performance because of the controversial claims in the literature relating to the theory of systolic and diastolic waveform analysis. As we had anticipated and predicted,2 a reasonably good correlation was observed between the C2 measured by diastolic pulse wave analysis using a modified Windkessel analysis and late systolic augmentation index assessed using a transfer function previously described. The values from both of these techniques apparently relate, at least in part, to reflected waves from the peripheral small arteries. The augmentation index is also critically dependent on large artery pulse wave velocity that accounts for appearance of the reflected wave at the root of the aorta in late systole. The C2 also may have some dependency on large artery elasticity, but fortunately an independent assessment of this large artery elasticity is also available from the calculation of C1 in the modified …
Brain stem lesion size determined by DEAD red or conjugation of neurotoxin to fluorescent beads

Neurotoxin microinjected into the retrotrapezoid nucleus of anesthetized rats decreases phrenic activity and eliminates the response to CO2. In unanesthetized rats, such treatment has no effect on ...
Performance Indicators of Compassionate Companies

This article traces the state of corporate responsibility in the United States and suggests a reporting model about social responsibility initiatives. The US economy has flourished in the market-oriented philosophy. However, the economy has gradually created a huge rift between the “haves” and “have-nots,” because of which, the affairs of corporations are being minutely scrutinized. Since the corporations use the resources from within the society, their continued existence not only depends on the sustainability of these resources but also their acceptance of accountability for sustaining them. Currently, social responsibility activities by the compassionate companies are reported only on a voluntary basis. Such a suggestive voluntary reporting system may only create loopholes for companies to engage in selective disclosures by selecting only those set of indicators that would put them in the most favorable light. Hence, the authors suggest a mandatory reporting model to be included in the company's annual...
Biological, developmental, and neurobehavioral factors relevant to adolescent driving risks.

This article reviews emerging knowledge about key aspects of neurobehavioral development, with an emphasis on the development of self-regulation over behavior and emotions and its relevance to driving risks among youth. It begins with a brief overview of recent advances in understanding adolescent brain maturation and presents a heuristic model focusing on brain–behavior–social-context interactions during adolescent development. The article considers the relatively slow neurobehavioral maturation of cognitive control and emphasizes the importance of affective influences on decision making. It points to several questions about programs and policies that may help to protect high-risk youth during this important maturational period. The heuristic model is then used to examine a specific neuroregulatory system during adolescence—the regulation of sleep and arousal. This focus on sleep illustrates key points about brain–behavior–social-context interactions by looking at both biological and social influences on sleep in teens. Moreover, sleep has direct relevance to understanding a specific dimension of driving risk in youth. Sleep deprivation is rampant among adolescents, and the consequences of insufficient sleep (sleepiness, lapses in attention, susceptibility to aggression, and negative synergy with alcohol) appear to contribute significantly to driving risks in teens.
Microbiological and molecular determination of mycobiota in fresh and ensiled maize silage

The mycobiota of fresh and ensiled maize was studied with culturing techniques and a DNA sequence-based approach. Freshly chopped and ensiled maize were collected for 2 y from 12 farms in Pennsylvania. Samples were plated on selective media and isolates identified by morphology and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA, 800-900 bp of the 5' end of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene and a portion of the rodA gene (Aspergillus fumigatus only). ITS regions were amplified from total silage DNA, cloned, sequenced and compared to fungal ITS sequences in GenBank with the BLAST-N algorithm. For samples analyzed by both methods, the molecular technique detected a greater number of species than selective plating. Plating recovered several Penicillium and Fusarium species and Aspergillus fumigatus, while molecular analysis detected Alternaria, Penicillium and Fusarium species. Data from both methods found that Fusarium and Penicillium were the dominant mycotoxigenic fungi in silage, while yeast made up the majority all fungi recovered or detected. Known mycotoxigenic species often accounted for 50% or more of the total number of species isolated or detected at each site. Viable Fusaria were not isolated from or detected in ensiled maize, suggesting that Fusarium species do not survive the ensiling process. Results from this study suggest that given the numerous species of fungi present in silage with mycotoxin producing ability, there is a strong possibility that silage may be contaminated with multiple toxins simultaneously.
The Nurse Theorists: 21st-Century Updates—Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

The was, is, and will be of the human becoming theory is a journey in the art of sciencing, a process of coming to know the world of human experience. The form and structure of the theory as written does not fully reflect the intuitive-rational process that birthed its creation. That process germinated multidimensionally throughout [my] life of being present to and conceptualizing the significance of the discipline’s mission to humankind. The puzzle that surfaced a concern for the mission was related to early gnawing musings about whose desires were being served by the medical model practice of nursing and the keen and growing awareness in [me] that humans were mysteries emerging in living personal value priorities, not machines to be fixed. Once aware of such notions, there was a concentrated focus on moving with other possibilities for nursing. The theory was cast in written form, though not in stone, and thus it has been evolving ever since. (p. 32)
Minichromosomes: Vectors for Crop Improvement

Minichromosome technology has the potential to offer a number of possibilities for expanding current biofortification strategies. While conventional genome manipulations rely on random integration of one or a few genes, engineered minichromosomes would enable researchers to concatenate several gene aggregates into a single independent chromosome. These engineered minichromosomes can be rapidly transferred as a unit to other lines through the utilization of doubled haploid breeding. If used in conjunction with other biofortification methods, it may be possible to significantly increase the nutritional value of crops.
Phase locked loop control of inverters in a microgrid

Microgrids are small-scale electricity supply networks that have local power generation. This paper considers a control strategy for inverter-based microsources within a microgrid. The general control philosophy within a microgrid is that sources must rely only on local information, yet must cooperate with other sources. To accomplish that goal, the proposed controller uses droop characteristics for active-power/frequency and reactive-power/voltage. The proposed control strategy is based on the use of a phase locked loop to measure the microgrid frequency at the inverter terminals, and to facilitate regulation of the inverter phase relative to the microgrid. This control strategy allows microgrids to seamlessly transition between grid-connected and autonomous operation, and vice versa. The controller has been implemented in an actual microgrid that incorporated multiple sources. The paper provides simulation results and documents the performance of the hardware implementation.
Conditional Estimation of Distributed Hydraulic Conductivity in Groundwater Inverse Modeling: Indicator-Generalized Parameterization and Natural Neighbors

This research develops an indicator-generalized parameterization (Indicator GP) method to improve the conditional estimation of spatially distributed hydraulic conductivity in groundwater modeling. Indicator GP, which honors distinct pointwise hydraulic conductivity measurements, integrates a natural neighbor (NN) interpolation method and Voronoi tessellation (VT) through a set of data indicators. The indicators use binary values to determine the selection of measured hydraulic conductivity data in the parameterization method. With Indicator GP, hydraulic conductivity is conditionally estimated between the Voronoi zones and the NN interpolated (smoothed) field. The conditional estimation is greatly improved beyond any specific parameterization method. Indicator GP is used to identify the distribution of hydraulic conductivity by finding the optimal binary values of data indicators such that the misfit between observed and calculated groundwater head observations is minimized. As a consequence, the identification problem is formulated as an integer nonlinear programming (INLP) problem, which involves groundwater modeling and leads to a complicated combinatorial optimization problem. We use a genetic algorithm (GA) to globally search for the optimal value of data indicators. A GA tremendously reduces the problem complexity and improves the inverse solution. We demonstrate the potential of using Indicator GP in groundwater inverse modeling via a numerical model where a synthetic hydraulic conductivity distribution is unknown and needs to be identified. The results show that using GA and Indicator GP outperforms both VT and NN methods, avoids the local optimum, captures the non-smoothness of heterogeneity, and gives a small misfit value with reasonable estimation error.
BioArgo: A global scale chemical sensor network to observe carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles in the ocean

This talk will focus on the development and operation of a global scale, chemical sensor network that is distributed throughout the world's ocean. The daily, seasonal and interannual changes in the concentrations of inorganic carbon, pH, dissolved oxygen and nitrate that are driven by photosynthesis and respiration are basic tracers of ocean metabolism. This metabolism has a fundamental control on the earth's climate, as production of organic matter in the surface ocean acts to lower atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 200 ppm. It is possible that these rates of elemental cycling will change in the future as the surface ocean warms [1]. However, there are no existing observing systems that allow ocean metabolism to be observed directly at a global scale. In particular, sampling chemistry from ships does not work because of the expense and remoteness of most of the ocean. At the global scale, ocean productivity can only be sensed indirectly from satellite ocean color observations. Global scale sensor networks using robotic platforms equipped with chemical sensors are required to directly observe ocean metabolism [2]. The Argo network (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu), which is used to monitor the heat content of the ocean, is a model for such a system. There are >3000 Argo profiling floats throughout the ocean. They rise from 2000 m depth at 5 to 10 day intervals measuring temperature and salinity during the ascent and then transmit the data to low earth orbit communications networks. This cycle is repeated for the 5 year life of each float. The BioArgo system is now working to build a complementary network equipped with pH, oxygen, nitrate and biooptical sensors [3]. More than 200 profiling floats with oxygen and >40 floats with nitrate are now operating from the Arctic to the Antarctic in all of the major ocean basins (http://argo.jcommops.org/maps.html, scroll right to the Bio map). These sensors have demonstrated exceptional stability and precision over time periods now reaching four years [4-7]. Experimental pH sensors are now operating on profiling floats with a precision and stability near 0.001 pH over an annual cycle. These results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a global chemical sensor network. This talk will review the methods used to develop chemical sensors with multi-year stability and the development of a global observing system.
An assessment of hydraulic design of micro-irrigation systems

Abstract The hydraulic design of micro-irrigation systems to achieve high system uniformity has led design engineers to over-design irrigation systems arbitrarily. Commonly used emitter flow variations of 10–20% are equivalent to a uniformity coefficient of about 98-95%, or a coefficient of variation of emitter flow of only 3–7%. The uniformity of a micro-irrigation system is affected by not only hydraulic design but also manufacturer's variation, grouping of emitters, plugging, soil hydraulic characteristics and emitter spacings. Among all the factors affecting the uniformity, the hydraulic design, with an emitter flow variation of 10–20%, produces only a few percent change in uniformity. The manufacturer's variation of micro-irrigation emitters ranges from 2% to 20%. The hydraulic variation will be less significant when an emitter with 10% or more manufacturer's variation is selected. The grouping effect will reduce the coefficient of variation to half or more if four or more emitters can be grouped together. The effect of hydraulic design is also less significant with plugging situations. When there is no plugging, the emitter flow variation from 10% to 20% in hydraulic design will reduce spatial uniformity only about 8% from 93% to 85% when the emitter spacing is designed as half of the wetting diameter in the field. The hydraulic design criterion can be relaxed to 30%v of emitter flow variation, q var(H) , which can still achieve less than 20%v in coefficient of variation, or over 80% of uniformity coefficient in spatial uniformity of a micro-irrigation system
Simulation of the plasma-surface interaction in electric launchers

A 2-D computer code is being developed to investigate the plasma-surface interaction in electric launchers. The code will calculate the mass evolution rate at the surface and will allow the determination of the relative importance of energy transport to the surface via radiation and turbulent convection. The system has been modeled using fluid boundary layer equations, including a two equation (k-/spl epsi/) model for turbulence, coupled with thermal radiation transport. The equations include magnetic field terms for modeling of railguns, and a combustion source term in the energy equation for modeling of the plasma-propellant interaction in ETC launchers. The set of governing equations is solved numerically using finite difference methods. At this time, testing of the fluid flow portion of the code is being conducted. Code results for laminar flow closely match analytical predictions and the published results of others. Results for turbulent flow are presented, but the turbulence model has shown some instability so it must be modified and tested further. Once the code can accurately predict flow conditions for high Reynolds number flows such as those in electric launchers, an outer iteration will be added to solve the radiation transport equation. >
Clinical applications of cardiac CT angiography

ECG-gated multislice CT provides a cost-effective, non-invasive technology for evaluation of the coronary arteries, as well as for additional clinical applications, which require morphological assessment of the heart and adjacent structures with simultaneous evaluation of the coronary circulation. The excellent negative predictive value of a normal coronary CTA (cCTA) examination excludes the presence of significant coronary disease in the symptomatic patient. Triple rule-out studies provide evaluation of the aorta and pulmonary arteries without loss of image quality in the coronary circulation. The ability to visualize surrounding vascular structures along with the coronary arteries is essential in the evaluation of coronary anomalies. Cardiac CTA is useful in non-coronary applications, including evaluation of the thoracic aorta, cardiac valves and other aspects of cardiac morphology that may require surgical or percutaneous repair. Although radiation exposure is a limitation of cCTA relative to echocardiography and MRI, recent technological advances allow coronary imaging with effective doses as low as 1 mSv. Recent advances in evaluation of coronary plaque morphology as well as myocardial perfusion will allow a more complete noninvasive cardiac assessment in the future and may provide a highly effective method of cardiac risk stratification to facilitate preventive cardiac care.
Modeling of axially and transversely injected precursor droplets into a plasma environment

Abstract Transport model of droplets injected axially or transversely into a plasma jet is presented. The droplets contain a ceramic precursor that precipitates in the vaporizing droplets. Droplet temperature and solute concentration distributions were predicted to estimate precipitation zones based on a homogeneous nucleation hypothesis. Effects of droplet size, injection velocity and injection angle were parametrically studied and the results were compared for axial and transverse injection. Axial injection is found to result in more rapid heat-up and precipitation than transverse injection. Computations suggest that small droplets form solid spherical particulates whereas larger droplets may form ceno-spheres and thin shell structures.
Night Activity Reduction is a Signature Physiological Biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Dogs.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked lethal muscle disease. Dystrophic dogs are excellent models to test novel therapies for DMD. However, the use of the dog model has been hindered by the lack of an effective method to evaluate whole-body mobility. We recently showed that night activity is a good indicator of dog mobility. However, our published method relies on frame-by-frame manual processing of a 12-hour video for each dog. This labor-intensive and time-consuming approach makes it unrealistic to use this assay as a routine outcome measurement. Objective: To solve this problem, we developed an automatic video-capturing/imaging processing system. The new system reduces the data analysis time over 1,000 fold and also provides a more detailed activity profile of the dog. Methods: Using the new system, we analyzed more than120 twelve-hour recordings from 12 normal and 22 affected dogs. Results: We observed similar activity profiles during repeated recording of the same dog. Throughout the night, normal dogs were in motion 10.4 ± 0.9% of the time while affected dogs were in motion 4.6 ± 0.2% of the time (p < 0.0001). Further, normal dogs made significantly more movements (p < 0.0001) while affected dogs rested significantly longer (p < 0.0001) during the period of recording (from 6 pm to 6 am next day). Importantly, statistical significance persisted irrespective of the coat color, gender and mutation type. Conclusions: Our results suggest that night activity reduction is a robust, quantitative physiological biomarker for dystrophic dogs. The new system may be applicable to study mobility in other species.
Associations between attending physician workload, teaching effectiveness, and patient safety.

BACKGROUND Prior studies suggest that high workload among attending physicians may be associated with reduced teaching effectiveness and poor patient outcomes, but these relationships have not been investigated using objective measures of workload and safety. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between attending workload, teaching effectiveness, and patient safety, hypothesizing that higher workload would be associated with lower teaching effectiveness and negative patient outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a retrospective study of 69,386 teaching evaluation items submitted by 543 internal medicine residents for 107 attending physicians who supervised inpatient teaching services from July 2, 2005 to July 1, 2011. MEASUREMENTS Attending workload measures included hospital service census, patient length of stay, daily admissions, daily discharges, and concurrent outpatient duties. Teaching effectiveness was measured using residents' evaluations of attendings. Patient outcomes considered were applicable patient safety indicators (PSIs), intensive care unit transfers, cardiopulmonary resuscitation/rapid response team calls, and patient deaths. Mixed linear models and generalized linear regression models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Workload measures of midnight census and daily discharges were associated with lower teaching evaluation scores (both β = −0.026, P < 0.0001). The number of daily admissions was associated with higher teaching scores (β = 0.021, P = 0.001) and increased PSIs (odds ratio = 1.81, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Several measures of attending physician workload were associated with slightly lower teaching effectiveness, and patient safety may be compromised when teams are managing new admissions. Ongoing efforts by residency programs to optimize the learning environment should include strategies to manage the workload of supervising attendings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:169–173. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Environmental Planning and Ecological Possibilities

It is reasoned that man faces an environmental predicament caused by the essential indeterminancy and unpredictability of outcomes of man's actions. As man's growing activities increasingly effect the entire biosphere, it becomes imperative that this predicament be incorporated into management strategies. It is reasoned that existing strategies of environmental management are poorly defined and inadequate to accommodate this predicament. Four levels of basic decision strategies are examined. An environmental strategy is developed which is based on the avoidance of large-scale irreversible change. This strategy calls for the preservation of environmental diversity. It is reasoned that such a strategy has the potential of reducing the chances of unanticipated environmental conditions and events which significantly destroy the quality of life. The importance of research priorities in developing suitable environmental strategies is reviewed.
A New Anatomically Contoured Large Diameter Femoral Head to Alleviate Soft-Tissue Impingement in Hip Arthroplasty

Introduction: Large diameter femoral heads have been used successfully to prevent dislocation after Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). However, recent studies show that the peripheral region of contemporary femoral heads can directly impinge against the native soft-tissues, particularly the iliopsoas, leading to activity limiting anterior hip pain. This is because the spherical articular surface of contemporary prosthesis overhangs beyond that of the native anatomy (Fig. 1). The goal of this research was to develop an anatomically shaped, soft-tissue friendly large diameter femoral head that retains the benefits of contemporary implants. Methods: Various Anatomically Contoured femoral Head (ACH) designs were constructed, wherein the articular surface extending from the pole to a theta (θ) angle, matched that of contemporary implants (Fig. 2). However, the articular surface in the peripheral region was moved inward towards the femoral head center, thereby reducing material that could impinge on the soft-tissues (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). Finite element analysis was used to determine the femoroacetabular contact area under peak in vivo loads during different activities. Dynamic simulations were used to determine jump distance prior to posterior dislocation under different dislocation modes. Published data was used to compare the implant articular geometry to native anatomy (Fig. 3). These analyses were used to optimize the soft-tissue relief, while retaining the load bearing contact area, and the dislocation resistance of conventional implants. Results: The resulting ACH prosthesis retained the large diameter profile of contemporary implants over an approximately hemispherical portion (Fig. 2). Beyond this, the peripheral articular surface was composed of smaller convex radii. With this design, the jump distance under posterior and anterior dislocation modes, and the femoroacetabular contact area under loads corresponding to walking, deep knee bend and chair sit, remained identical to that of contemporary implants. Additionally, while contemporary prosthesis extended beyond the native articular surface in the distal-medial and proximal-lateral regions (shaded grey), the ACH implant remained within the margins of the native anatomy (Fig. 3). Conclusion: A novel large diameter anatomically contoured femoral head prosthesis was developed, to mitigate the soft-tissue impingement with contemporary prosthesis. The ACH retained the large diameter profile of contemporary implants over a hemispherical portion. However, in the peripheral region, the ACH had a smaller profile to reduce soft-tissue impingement.
Reproductive Health Management for the Care of Women Veterans

There are more than 2 million women veterans living in the United States. Many women do not identify themselves as veterans. As women's health care providers, it is important to understand and recognize the potentially complex health and social needs of women veterans and the role of military service on their lives. The reproductive health needs of women veterans may be shaped by their military experiences and coexisting medical or mental health conditions. Military sexual trauma and combat exposure are common causes of posttraumatic stress disorder and can affect overall health and well-being. Screening for military service is important in all women, and inclusion of this as a key demographic variable in research and clinical encounters can further inform health care considerations. The following key topics are addressed: who are women veterans, health and social risk factors associated with a history of military service, reproductive health across the life course, military sexual trauma and reproductive health of women veterans, how to take a military history, and the essential role of women's health providers, including obstetrician-gynecologists, in enhancing health systems and providing high-quality care to veterans.
Composite carcinoid tumor (argentaffinoma-adenocarcinoma) of the colon: report of two cases

Morphologic and histochemical properties of both adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumor may occur in the same cancer.
Imported Fire Ant Toxic Bait Studies: Evaluation of Toxicants

Test methods were developed by which it is possible to evaluate quickly large numbers of chemicals for their potential as delayed-action ant bait toxicants. From these tests it has been determined that an effective toxicant must exhibit delayed action over a wide dosage range (preferably 100-fold or greater, be readily transferred from one ant to another and not be repellent to the ants when incorporated in a bait. Laboratory and field test data with 4 toxicants are presented. Mirex was the only toxicant which fulfilled these requirements. Kepone® (decachloroctahydro-1,3,4 -metheno-2 H -cyclobuta[ cd ] pentalen -2 -one and HRS-1243 (1, la,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-decachloro-2-(2,3-dehydroxypropoxy) octahydro -1,3,4- metheno-2 H -cyclobuta [ cd ] pentalen-2-ol) were the next most effective toxicants.
Difference of Role-Identity,Behavior of Shifting Responsibilities and Reorientation of Government Information System Audit

When auditors raise a question of the information system,audited units tend to shift responsibilities.As the one and only orientation of Government Information System,the audit institutions identity of audited unit information system role inclines to expand,but audited units self identity begins to shrink.Government Information System Audit should adjust this orientation and pay equal attention to supervision and service,and choose the consistent grounds in line with the orientation devised.
Intervention effect of health education on key endemic diseases in Henan province in 2009

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on endemic diseases in Henan province in 2009.Methods According to the requirements of "The Education Program for Endemic Diseases Control in Henan province in 2008" 65 counties(cities,districts) were selected as project counties with identified target population.Primary investigation of awareness rate of endemic diseases knowledge was conducted by referring to the health education questionnaire in the program,intervention activities of health education in schools of project counties,towns and villages were carried out and the effect was evaluated.Results 6565 pupils and 3082 housewives were investigated in 65 counties of Henan province,6204 pupils and 3044 housewives were surveyed for effect evaluation.The study showed that pupils' knowledge about endemic diseases increased from 61.1% to 92.6%(χ2=1 756.08,P0.01)and housewives did from 65.0% to 92.1%(χ2=655.90,P0.01)after this education.People's knowledge about iodine shortage,drinking water fluorosis,drinking water arsenic poisoning,keshan disease and kashin-Beck disease significantly increased.Conclusions Health education improving the awareness rate of endemic disease control is obvious,the health education should be continuously intensified in future,especially,the health education knowledge of endemic diseases prevention should be strengthened in schools.
The Study and Application of High-Resolution Pressure Correction Algorithm for All Speed Flows

In this paper,high-resolution pressure correction algorithm is used for solving fluid flow at all speeds.The general transport equation is discretized using the finite volume methodology at the non-orthogonal boundary-fitted coordinate system and collocated grid arrangement,the covariant velocity projection components are selected as the dependent solving variables.The uniform high-resolution and bounded scheme(UHRBS) is used for convective difference scheme,and it is of stability,boundness and three-order accuracy.The method which used UHRBS is called high-resolution pressure correction algorithm.The computed result show that the method is considered maintaining uniform precision,and can simulate fluid flow for all mach numbers.
A STUDY ON THE EPIDEMIC STATE OF MALARIA AMONG FLOATING POPULATION IN LONGGANG DISTRICT OF SHENGZHENG CITY.

Objective:To analyse the epidemic state of malaria among floating population in Longgang district of Shenzhen City,and to provide scientific evidence for making the control strategy.Methods:To study the epidemic state of malaria from 1993～2003 among floating population with descriptive study.Results:During last 10 years,the incidence of malaria among floating population is 3027.Most of malaria occurred from July to October.Age of cases ranged from 15 to 60 years old,most of them lived in quarrying,architecture and plantation.The breakout of malaria was correlated with the existence of three media,There were more mosquitoes in the residence of civil workers and the workers are lack of selfprotective consciousness.Conclusions:Floating population are the main reason for causing epidemic malaria in Longgang district of Shenzhen City.