cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PUDGE: a flexible, interactive server for protein structure prediction

The construction of a homology model for a protein can involve a number of decisions requiring the integration of different sources of information and the application of different modeling tools depending on the particular problem. Functional information can be especially important in guiding the modeling process, but such information is not generally integrated into modeling pipelines. Pudge is a flexible, interactive protein structure prediction server, which is designed with these issues in mind. By dividing the modeling into five stages (template selection, alignment, model building, model refinement and model evaluation) and providing various tools to visualize, analyze and compare the results at each stage, we enable a flexible modeling strategy that can be tailored to the needs of a given problem. Pudge is freely available at http://wiki.c2b2.columbia.edu/honiglab_public/index.php/Software:PUDGE.
Potential of color analysis of astrophotographs to group asteroids

Asteroids that lie in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter are grouped into asteroid families based upon similar characteristics such as orbit eccentricity and inclination. The purpose of this research is to investigate the possibility of another determining factor for asteroid family classification. It has been shown that objects in space undergo a degree of space weathering due to constant bombardment by particles of interplanetary dust and micrometeorites, resulting in a definite reddening in the optical properties of the surface of the object. An age-color relationship for asteroids has also been proven to exist. Thus, it is hypothesized that, since asteroids of the same family result from the same collision, they have the same age and have been subjected to the same degree of space weathering. The degree of redness of an astrophotograph, as indicated by RGB analysis, should remain relatively constant for asteroids within the same family. To test this hypothesis, a sampling group consisting of three asteroids from each of three of the eight major families was photographed at the Powell Observatory in Louisburg, KS. Image analysis was performed to determine if there is a distinct correlation between the magnitude of the red component of the images and the family designation, as predicted. The numerical results obtained show that, based on the color data obtained, no clear predictor for asteroid family was evident.
Testing the Hypothesis of Biofilm as a Source for Soft Tissue and Cell-Like Structures Preserved in Dinosaur Bone

Recovery of still-soft tissue structures, including blood vessels and osteocytes, from dinosaur bone after demineralization was reported in 2005 and in subsequent publications. Despite multiple lines of evidence supporting an endogenous source, it was proposed that these structures arose from contamination from biofilm-forming organisms. To test the hypothesis that soft tissue structures result from microbial invasion of the fossil bone, we used two different biofilm-forming microorganisms to inoculate modern bone fragments from which organic components had been removed. We show fundamental morphological, chemical and textural differences between the resultant biofilm structures and those derived from dinosaur bone. The data do not support the hypothesis that biofilm-forming microorganisms are the source of these structures.
Neurogenetics Approaches to Mapping Pathways in Developmental Psychopathology

The field of neurogenetics has emerged over the last decade and has begun to help specify the complex molecular pathways leading from genetic variation to differences in brain structure and function, as well as risk for psychopathology. Here we provide an overview of this relatively new field that includes techniques such as imaging genetics and imaging gene by environment interaction studies and discuss how work in this field has informed our understanding of the development of psychopathology. We discuss how neurogenetics and developmental psychopathology models could inform each other and also review neurogenetics findings in studies of youth internalizing disorders with an emphasis on how research in adults and youth fit together. Throughout this chapter we highlight the ways that developmental neurogenetics studies can help inform our understanding of the development of psychopathology across multiple levels of analysis. Keywords: neurogenetics; imaging genetics; imaging gene–environment interactions; internalizing; adolescence; 5-HTTLPR, amygdala
Detection of azo dyes and aromatic amines in women undergarment

Women are exposed to several chemical additives including azo dyes that exist in textile materials, which are a potential health hazard for consumers. Our objective was to analyze suspected carcinogenic azo dyes and their degradation aromatic amines in women underwear panties using a fast and simple method for quantification. Here, we evaluated 120 different samples of women underwear for their potential release of aromatic amines to the skin. Seventy-four samples yielded low level mixtures of aromatic amines; however eighteen samples were found to produce greater than 200 mg/kg (ppm) of aromatic amines. Azo dyes in these 18 samples were extracted from the fabrics and analyzed by reverse phase thin layer chromatography in tandem with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Eleven azo dyes were identified based on their mass spectral data and the chemical structure of the aromatic amine produced from these samples. We demonstrate that planar chromatography and mass spectrometry can be really helpful in confirming the identity of the azo dyes, offering highly relevant molecular information of the responsible compounds in the fabrics. With the growing concern about the consumer goods, analysis of aromatic amines in garments has become a highly important issue.
What's wrong with those grants, June 1991

My colleague Professor Mozart burst into my office, just back from a pro-SSC rally in Washington and still full of excitement. “The police estimated the crowd at seventy thousand, but it was at least a quarter of a million. It makes you proud to be a physicist. And to top it all off. while I was dodging tear-gas canisters, it came to me!” “Tear gas, at a pro-SSC demonstration?” I gasped in disbelief. “Yes,” he confirmed. “An enormous crowd, unaware that they should have been addressing their concerns to Congress, started to march toward the White House chanting, ‘Hey, hey, Allan Bromley, give us the Higgs or we won't go calmly!’ and the Secret Service must have panicked. Those teenagers can be frightening, you know. They really get quite out of control when they think we might pass up an opportunity to find the Higgs. And those MIVeBs can be pretty alarming too, when they're on the move,” “MIVeBs?” I inquired. “Mothers for Intermediate Vector Bosons,” he explained impatiently, unable to disguise his disdain at how out of touch I was with the Movement. “But then as the first canisters started to pop, I realized how simple the solution really was.” “Solution to what?” “The funding problem for the individual investigator, of course! I can't imagine why nobody has thought of it before. We simply abolish all such grants, freeing the investigators to return to the full-time pursuit of their individual science.” He settled into my only comfortable chair, beaming with satisfaction. I've heard some zany things from Mozart before, but this one was just a little too self-serving to let pass. “Very fine for you, W. A.,” I said with ill-concealed scorn, “who loathe writing proposals and progress reports and feel no responsibility for training the next generation of physicists. But what about the more conscientious members of our profession? How are they to keep the enterprise of small science alive?” I hadn't intended to be so brusque with him, but it really is disgusting to see how much happier he's become since his grant was cut. Undeterred by my swipe, he continued. “You don't understand. I'm not proposing to abolish support for small science—just to stop distributing it so irrationally. Take that next generation. Why do the agencies give out so few graduate student fellowships, and only for the first few years?
Providing the Option to Skip Feedback in a Worked Example Tutor

Providing choice is known to intrinsically motivate learners and support self-regulated learning. In order to study the effect of providing the choice to skip feedback in an online tutor traditionally used in-natura, we conducted a controlled study in Fall 2015. Experimental group was given the choice to skip the worked example provided as feedback after the student had solved a problem incorrectly, whereas control group was not. We found that providing the choice did not lead to greater learning. Experimental group students needed marginally more problems to learn each concept, and their pre-post improvement was marginally less. When we analyzed skipping behavior, we found that neither the grade on a problem nor the grade on the prior problem on the same concept affected a student's decision to read or skip feedback. Novelty of the concept on the other hand may prompt students not to skip feedback. Whether or not students skipped feedback on a problem did not affect their grade on the next problem on the same concept. Students were just as likely to skip as not skip feedback on the various problems. Some students tended to skip far more than others.
Regulation of HMG-CoA Reductase

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the regulation of HMG-CoA reductase, which catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction of hepatic sterol synthesis. Both mitochondrial and extramitochondrial forms of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase and the HMG-CoA synthase are present in liver tissue. The reductase activity of cultured mammalian cells or of bacteria is readily assayed in crude homogenates. The HMG-CoA reductase activity may be readily assayed in the post-mitochondrial supernatant fraction obtained by high-speed centrifugation of homogenates of tissues, including liver. The chapter also discusses familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), which is an autosomal, dominant genetic disorder estimated to affect 0.1–0.2% of the population. FH may involve defects in the regulation of both cholesterol synthesis and degradation. The data for adults heterozygous for FH indicate that the rate of cholesterol synthesis in vivo is subnormal. The basic defect in FH may be a low affinity of the cellular plasma membrane for cholesterol. This defect, observed in fibroblasts and leukocytes, leads to an impaired uptake of cholesterol from serum lipoproteins and an enhanced release of cellular cholesterol. If this defect is present in the liver, it could account for the relatively ineffective feedback suppression of cholesterol synthesis.
Electronic Cigarette Toxicity

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are often advertised as a healthier product when compared with traditional cigarettes. Currently, there are limited data to support this and only a threat of federal regulation from the US Food and Drug Administration. Calls to poison control centers about e-cigarette toxicity, especially in children, and case reports of toxic exposures have increased over the past 3 years. This research letter reports the frequency of hazardous exposures to e-cigarettes and characterizes the reported adverse health effects associated with e-cigarette toxicity.
Smoking Behaviors Among Immigrant Asian Americans Rules for Smoke-Free Homes

Background Higher acculturation is associated with Asian-American smoking prevalence decreasing in men and increasing in women. Asian immigrants in California are significantly more likely than their counterparts in Asia to have quit smoking. Smoke-free environments may mediate this acculturation effect because such environments are not widespread in Asia. Methods In 2006, Asian-American current and former smokers were analyzed using the 2003 California Health Interview Survey. A multivariate logistic regression analysis examined how the interaction between having a smoke-free-home rule and immigrating to the U.S. is associated with status as a former smoker and lighter smoking. Results For recent Asian immigrants ( Conclusions For Asian Americans, smoke-free-home rules are associated with status as a former smoker, particularly among recent immigrants, and lighter smoking in long-term residents. Interventions encouraging Asian Americans to adopt smoke-free-home rules should be evaluated.
VO2 thin films synthesis for collaborators and various applications.

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is an attractive material for a variety of applications due to its metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) observed at modest temperatures. This transition takes VO2 from its low temperature insulating monoclinic phase to a high temperature (above 68°C) metallic rutile phase. This transition gives rise to a change in resistivity up to 5 orders of magnitude and a change in complex refractive index (especially at IR wavelengths), which is of interest for radar circuit protection and tunable control of infrared signature. Recently, collaborations have been initiated between CINT scientists and external university programs. The Enhanced Surveillance funds help fund this work which enabled synthesis of VO2 films for several collaborations with internal and external researchers.
Renal subanalysis of the Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure (ASCEND-HF): the end of nesiritide as a cardiorenal therapeutic?

Over the last 3 decades, there has been a remarkable explosion in our understanding of the natriuretic peptide system. Among articles published before 1980, only 1 entry can be found in Medline under the search term natriuretic peptide. Currently, however, there are >22 500 publications. In this impressive collection of literature, the concept of the natriuretic peptide as an ideal cardiorenal therapeutic emerged with reports of improvement in renal function, neurohormonal activation, fibrosis, and natriuresis among other benefits with these agents.1 As a result, the development of recombinant B-type natriuretic peptide (nesiritide) brought tremendous optimism in terms of its potential role in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The drug was approved in 2001 on the basis of a 489-patient trial that did not actually evaluate its cardiorenal effects but rather demonstrated efficacy via its actions as a vasodilator.2 This took the form of a 2-mm Hg-greater reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure with no additional relief of dyspnea compared with nitroglycerin but significant superiority over placebo. However, presumably as a result of the great enthusiasm for the mechanism of the drug, sales soared to $390 million by 2004 despite the absence of any large studies showing positive clinical outcomes and even some human data indicating an absence of positive cardiorenal effects.3,4 The widespread enthusiasm for nesiritide ended rather abruptly in 2005 after publication of 2 meta-analyses by Sackner-Bernstein et al5,6 demonstrating a 52% increased risk for worsening renal function (WRF; defined as a >0.5-mg/dL increase in creatinine) and an 80% increased risk for death with nesiritide. Article see p 958 The above chain of events motivated the Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure (ASCEND-HF) trial, which was designed to definitively answer the question of safety and efficacy of nesiritide …
ACADEMIC LEADERSHIPS VIEWS OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY AND BLACK STUDENTS: THE CASE OF HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

The purpose of this study was to understand academic leadership's views of the field of school psychology. This is the first study that has attempted to incorporate the views of historically Black college and university (HBCU) Psychology Department Chairs' regarding the field of school psychology and the potential development of school psychology programs at HBCUs. The results indicated that Department Chairs at HBCUs are not recommending the field of school psychology to their students based on a variety of reasons related to their views of the field (e.g., lack of focus on Black research issues). Despite the shortage of school psychologists and ample career opportunities, Department chairs in our sample do not recommend the field of school psychology as a first option graduate school choice. Implications are discussed in terms of increasing the number of African Americans in the field of school psychology.
Cutaneous microvascular perfusion responses to insulin iontophoresis are differentially affected by insulin resistance after spinal cord injury

Endothelial-mediated mechanisms that regulate skin blood flow may play an integral role in optimizing skin perfusion in vascular beds with sympathetic nervous system vasomotor impairment, such as in spinal cord injury (SCI). Insulin is a vasoactive hormone and second messenger of nitric oxide that facilitates endothelial-mediated dilatation. The effects of insulin resistance (IR) on sublesional cutaneous perfusion responses to insulin provocation have yet to be described in persons with SCI. Persons with SCI and an able-bodied (AB) cohort were divided into subgroups based upon fasting plasma insulin (FPI) concentration cut-offs for IR (≥13.13 mIU ml−1) or insulin sensitive (IS: <13.13 mIU ml−1): ABIS (n = 21); SCIS (n = 21); ABIR (n = 9); SCIR (n = 11). Laser Doppler flowmetry characterized peak blood perfusion unit (BPU) responses (percent change from baseline) to insulin, acetylcholine or placebo iontophoresis in the lower extremities; BPU responses were log10 transformed to facilitate comparisons and the NetIns BPU response was calculated (Insulin-Placebo BPU response). The NetIns was significantly greater in both IS groups compared to their corresponding IR group. The acetylcholine-mediated BPU responses in the SCI subgroups were significantly lower than the ABIS group. The proportional BPU responses of NetIns to acetylcholine in the IS cohorts (e.g. ABIS, SCIS) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of each IR subgroup. The presence of IR has a confounding effect on sublesional microvascular endothelial-mediated cutaneous perfusion responses to provocation. Preservation of endothelial sensitivity to its agonists appears to be an important modifiable risk factor to optimize cutaneous perfusion in the lower extremities of persons with SCI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Architecture Culture, Humanitarian Expertise:: From the Tropics to Shelter, 1953–93

Architecture Culture, Humanitarian Expertise: From the Tropics to Shelter, 1953–93 recovers a history of architecture and humanitarianism through an examination of institutions and the development of a subfield of professional practice. Charting mutual interest between major humanitarian agencies and the architecture and planning professions, Anooradha Iyer Siddiqi maps the joint construction of expertise, tying together three sets of concerns: preoccupations with the tropics and climate as anchor points for the science and rationalization behind building design, the institutionalization of humanitarian spatial expertise in the academy and industry, and a tension between models for development and for relief. This joint activity and its discursive themes, from the “tropics” to “shelter”—whether aggrandizing or instrumentalizing the shared mission of architecture and humanitarianism—raised the stakes for architectural expertise as a driver for practice as well as history.
Integrated Electronics in Medicine

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the status of custom-integrated electronics in medicine. By considering subcutaneous electronics, it might be said that there is no more clear-cut or demanding need in medicine for custom integrated circuits. The uncompromising requirements for small size and weight, low-power drain, and high reliability can best be met by custom integrated electronics. The relatively vast functional capability that can be incorporated in implantable systems through custom integrated circuits opens profound new opportunities in medicine. Multifunction implantable telemetry systems in research animals offer opportunities for exploration of new concepts of biological system behavior and establishment of new quantitative standards of behavior. Implantable telemetry should become an invaluable and very widely used tool in future animal research as a consequence of custom integrated circuits. The need for custom integrated circuits in supercutaneous electronics might be termed less acute than in chronic implants. Nevertheless, there are two prime classes of applications in which the use of custom integrated circuits could be quite significant. The less significant of these appears to be patient monitoring systems for continuous data collection under normal living conditions. The future of custom integrated circuits in this class of application hinges largely on the degree of medical value attached to information derived from supercutaneous patient monitoring systems.
Klhl14 Antisense RNA is a Target of Key Skeletogenic Transcription Factors in the Developing Intervertebral Disc

Study Design.RNA in situ hybridization (RISH) allows for validation and characterization of the long noncoding (lnc) natural antisense RNA (NAT) Klhl14as in the embryonic murine intervertebral disc (IVD) in the context of loss-of-function mutants for key transcription factors (TFs) in axial skeleton
Hybrid Centralized/Decentralized Control of Bacteria-Based Bio-Hybrid Microrobots

Engineering microrobotic systems using a bio-hybrid approach that couples synthetic materials with live cells is a powerful approach to address some of the challenges in micro/nanotechnology such as providing an on-board power source and efficient means of locomotion. In the last decade, a number of centralized control strategies dependent on native biological mechanisms have been demonstrated; however, decentralized cooperative control of a swarm of bio-hybrid microrobots has not been shown before. In this work, we impart bacteria with engineered biological circuits to facilitate agent-agent communication and enable predictable and robust cooperative control of a network of bacteria-based Biohybrid microrobots. We show a hybrid control strategy wherein a centralized control scheme is used to direct migration and a decentralized control scheme enables the agents to independently coordinate a desired behavior (fluorescent protein expression). We use an experimentally-validated agent-based computational model of the system to demonstrate the utility of the approach. We show that spatial organization plays a significant role in the response dynamics and explore how the system could be tuned for particular applications. The model will serve as an essential tool for predictive design of bio-hybrid microrobotic swarms with a tunable and robust response.
Optimizing light delivery through ball-shaped multimode fiber tips in co-registered photoacoustic and ultrasound endo-cavity imaging: simulation and experimental validation

Adenocarcinoma is a type of cancers that forms in mucus-secreting glands throughout the body. For example, adenocarcinomas make up around 96% of colorectal cancers and some cervical cancers (10%). Depth of invasion for early adenocarcinoma is generally around 1-7 mm. In this report, we propose an optimal design, implementation, and evaluation of an optical fiber-based transvaginal photoacoustic/ultrasound prototype imaging probe for endo-cavity imaging of adenocarcinoma with ball-shaped fiber tips (refractive index = 1.517, radius 0.75 mm), to improve the light illumination homogeneity and increase the light delivery fluence on the central imaging area of the tissue surface. The light delivery system consists of light coupling optics, a custom-made transducer sheath, four 1-mm-core multimode optical fibers with the ball-shaped fiber tip arranged around the transducer. The probe design was optimized by simulating the light fluence distribution of the fibers with and without ball-shaped tips using a 3D model in Zemax for different design parameters such as fiber effective numerical aperture, fiber displacement from the probe base, sheath taper angle, ball-shaped fiber tips’ diameter and refractive index, etc. The laser fluence profiles were experimentally recorded through calibrated intralipid solution by camera at various imaging depths. The output power on the central imaged areas were experimentally measured by calculating the PAT signal strengths from the black threads buried inside chicken breast tissue at various depths and in-vivo photoacoustic imaging of one palmar vein proximal to the human wrist.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Timing and Postoperative Complications

As the demand for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) increases and surgeons expand the eligibility criteria, a subset of patients may become candidates following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). However, the impact of NACT on postoperative complications remains unclear as the current literature is discordant. A single-institution, retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing NSM from 1989 to 2017. Patient demographics, surgical intervention, systemic treatment, and complication rates were collected. Primary outcomes were 30-day postoperative complications, including nipple-areolar necrosis, skin flap necrosis, infection, wound dehiscence, hematoma, and seroma. Secondary outcomes included characterization of the timing between chemotherapy and surgical intervention, and the impact on complication rates. Each breast was considered independently for analysis, and breasts undergoing either NACT or primary surgery (PS) were compared. Of the 832 breasts included, 88 (10.6%) received NACT and 744 (89.4%) underwent PS. Baseline complication rates were not significantly different between the NACT group and the PS group (5.7% vs. 10.6%; p = 0.119). When controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and prior radiation, NACT was not a predictor of complications. Time from completion of NACT to PS occurred at a median of 40.5 days (interquartile range 31.3–55.3), and decreased intervals were not associated with increased complication rates. Postoperative complications following NSM in patients completing NACT are comparable with those receiving PS. Patients undergoing NACT do not have a significantly increased risk of necrosis, unintended reoperations, or nipple loss. NACT should not be considered a contraindication for NSM.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) activates androgen receptor (AR) in LNCaP prostate cancer cells

313 TNF-α induces a range of biological responses associated with apoptosis/survival in many cells. TNF-α stimulates death receptor mediated signaling pathway that activates a downstream protease cascade leading to cell death. On the other hand, TNF-α induces a receptor mediated survival pathway involving activation of a series of protein kinases and NFκB. TNF-α has been shown to be associated with cancer progression. In prostate cancer patients, especially in recurrent tumor patients, the serum level of TNF-α is elevated and is closely correlated with the extent of disease state. Such result suggests that TNF-α is associated with the progression of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, very limited number of studies has been done regarding the effect of TNF-α on AR signaling in prostate cancer cells. We tried to examine whether TNF-α affects AR signaling pathway in LNCaP prostate cells. We found that TNF-α stimulates nuclear translocation of AR. TNF-α increases transcriptional activity of AR significantly in androgen depleted condition. The mRNA and protein level of AR regulated PSA was increased upon TNF-α treatment. The effect of TNF-α on acetylation level of AR was examined by immunoprecipitation study using antibody against acetylated lys. We found that AR acetylation is increased by TNF-α treatment in the absence of androgen. In addition, TNF-α treatment increased CBP/p300 expression in LNCaP cells in the absence of androgen. Taken together our results suggest that TNF-α acts as a non-steroidal activator of AR signaling in LNCaP cells, especially in the absence of androgen. The acetylation of AR signaling by TNF-α may be mediated through activation of CBP/p300.
A Multi-Environment HPC-Scale Puppet Infrastructure for Compliance and Systems Automation

Unifying configuration management across High Performance Compute (HPC) and supporting infrastructure systems is a challenge commonly faced by research computing centers. System operators no longer have the luxury to manage one-off cases manually; automation is essential. Centralized tooling and site-wide configuration promises efficiencies, but the substantial differences between, for example, compute nodes and networking gear can dissuade operators from attempting to manage their entire fleet with a single tool. To solve this, the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute (MSI) at the University of Minnesota assembled an innovative collection of utilities for Institute-wide management of systems with Puppet 5 as the centerpiece. The innovative solution emerged from the need for more than a dozen system operators/administrators to coordinate changes across a medium- to large-scale data-center with over 1500 nodes. A centralized base configuration ensures all systems are in-line with University security policies and other compliance needs, while the Puppet infrastructure additionally enables per-cluster or even per-node customizations as needed.This document presents the architecture of MSI's orchestration and management infrastructure, as well as the workflow followed by operators to provision disparate systems with Puppet and ensure that quality, accountability, and compliance requirements are met. The resulting system is actively used in the day-to-day management of the Institute, including persistent infrastructure services, cluster head- and compute-nodes, and even networking equipment. The workflow described herein is recommended for similar research computing institutions, including those with as few as five nodes and two operators.
How individualism–collectivism influences consumer responses to the sharing economy: Consociality and promotional type

With the explosion of online exchange of products, the sharing economy is experiencing ever-increasing growth. Despite the increasing popularity of lateral exchange market platforms as part of the sharing economy, research has not yet adequately investigated cultural effects on how consumers’ intentions to purchase products on these platforms. Using two studies, this paper examines whether consumers high in individualism versus consumers high in collectivism respond differently to platforms with low versus high consociality and how individualistic and collectivistic consumers respond differently to two types of promotions that relate to self-maximization. Findings in Study 1 indicated that consumers high in individualism (collectivism) have higher patronage intentions toward a platform low (high) in consociality. Findings in Study 2 suggested that in the presence of a promotion, collectivistic consumers respond comparably to promotional types across platforms, whereas individualistic consumers respond more positively to collective (individual) promotions when consociality is low (high). Further, felt commitment to others as a result of the consociality/promotional type relationship explains these effects. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Hypertension in the elderly: recent developments and insights.

Purpose of review This article will summarize the effects of more intensive blood pressure (BP) control on cardiovascular, cognitive, and renal outcomes among elderly (age ≥75 years) individuals at high risk for cardiovascular events. Subsets of patients who may not benefit and obstacles to implementation will be addressed. The authors' insights will conclude the review. Recent findings A burst of new research regarding the effects of lower BP targets on cardiovascular, cognitive, and renal endpoints among the elderly has been published. Achieved values of 123 mmHg systolic in those without diabetes or prior stroke revealed striking declines in all-cause mortality, heart failure, and stroke. Although there was no benefit on the incidence of dementia, mild cognitive impairment was reduced. A trend towards modest declines in renal function and higher adverse event rates with normalization of BP were noted. Whether those with poor functional status or diastolic hypotension realize comparable gains remains unknown. Summary Intensive BP control (systolic goal 120-130 mmHg systolic) results in lower rates of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events. Elderly individuals with a good functional status and no history of diabetes or stroke are suitable candidates.
Impact of Operative Time on Short-Term Adverse Events Following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Previous investigations have identified patient demographics and procedural characteristics, including operative time, as risk factors for adverse events following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). However, many of these risk factors are unmodifiable by physicians. Extended operative time is a partially modifiable variable that has not been fully investigated in its contribution to the incidence of postoperative complications after TSA. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a 15-min increase in operative time is an independent predictor of adverse events occurring within 30 days following TSA. Methods 10,424 TSAs from 2015 to 2017 were queried from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Bivariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between a 15-min increase in operative time and the likelihood of developing short-term postoperative adverse events. The statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Software version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The level of significance was set at p Results Multivariate analysis, adjusting for all significantly associated demographics, comorbidities, and procedural characteristics, revealed that a 15-min increase in operative time was associated with an increased likelihood of anemia requiring transfusion, pulmonary embolism, acute renal failure, unplanned reoperation, extended length of stay (≥3 days), and any adverse event within 30 days of TSA (all p Conclusion A 15-min increase in operative time is a significant risk factor for postoperative complications, unplanned reoperation, and extended length of stay within 30 days of TSA. Level of Evidence Level III; Retrospective Cohort Design using Large Database; Treatment Study
Evaluation for type 1 diabetes associated autoantibodies in diabetic and non-diabetic Australian terriers and Samoyeds

Evidence for an autoimmune etiology in canine diabetes is inconsistent and could vary based on breed. Previous studies demonstrated that small percentages of diabetic dogs possess autoantibodies to antigens known to be important in human type 1 diabetes, but most efforts involved analysis of a wide variety of breeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) autoantibodies in diabetic and non-diabetic Australian Terriers and Samoyeds, two breeds with comparatively high prevalence of diabetes, in the United States. There was no significant difference in the proportion of samples considered positive for GAD65 or ZnT8 autoantibodies in either breed evaluated, or for IA-2 autoantibodies in Australian Terriers (p > 0.05). The proportion of IA-2 autoantibody positive samples was significantly higher in diabetic versus non-diabetic Samoyeds (p = 0.003), but substantial overlap was present between diabetic and non-diabetic groups. The present study does not support GAD65, IA-2, or ZnT8 autoantibodies as markers of autoimmunity in canine diabetes in Samoyeds or Australian Terriers as measured using human antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. Future studies using canine specific assays as well as investigation for alternative markers of autoimmunity in these and other canine breeds are warranted.
Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) and public transit: Examining relationships between TNCs, transit ridership, and neighborhood qualities in San Francisco

Abstract Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) like Uber and Lyft are altering urban transportation and their impact on public transit ridership (PTR) is an especially pressing issue. Much research addresses whether TNCs serve to substitute or complement public transit as well as TNC users’ characteristics. However, exactly where any relationships occur within urban areas between TNC use and: 1) PTR or 2) neighborhood qualities is largely underexamined. Examining San Francisco, California and using globally weighted regressions (GWR) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions, this study focuses on how relationships between TNC use and PTR as well as TNC use and neighborhood characteristics vary across space. Results here indicate positive relationships between: 1) TNC use and PTR; and 2) TNC and choice rider neighborhoods. However, these relationships vary across the city in terms of significance and magnitude - where some areas, like the Financial District, show no significant relationships. Results, thus, identify areas specifically affected by TNC use. From a public transportation policy and planning perspective, then, this research suggests that very specific areas deserve targeted attention to support and maintain public transit ridership or potentially entice more choice riders to public transit in the face of TNC use.
Toward a New Globalization Paradigm and a UDHR-Based Inter-civilizational World Order

The globalization discourse is in dire need of policy frameworks to readdress the distortions of globalization. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Bill of Rights are shown to provide universal standards of fairness and equity, whereas Putin and JinPing’s civilizational exceptions to the UDHR are based on disputed ideologies and a selective reading of history. A strong affinity exists in core tenets of the classical Confucian thinkers of the civilizational “Tianxia” exalted by Xi Jinping and core tenets of the 1948 UDHR, including the notions of universal benevolence and a self-determining individual. A UDHR-based “Tianxia” together with a certain integration of Eastern communalism and Western individualism are the best hopes for a democratic and human-focused globalization and the inter-civilizational resolution of global conflicts.
"I Hate This": A Qualitative Analysis of Adolescents' Self-Reported Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Abstract Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges for adolescents because of disruptions in school and social life. We compiled a diverse group (36.8% nonwhite or multiracial) of high schoolers' open-ended responses to the question: “What are your three biggest challenges right now?” (N = 719 adolescents). Methods Using open and axial coding, we identified N = 1,902 thematic units (M = 2.64, SD = .701) and 14 thematic categories, including mental health, physical health, family, friends, social connection and community, academics, missing important events, socioeconomic issues, routine, COVID rules and adjustment, contraction/exposure to COVID, technology, and future plans. Results Adolescents most commonly reported challenges related to academics (23.7%) but also cited high numbers of challenges in mental (14.8%) and physical (13.2%) health and friend (11.4%) domains. Conclusions Efforts should focus on helping adolescents cultivate academic skills needed during school closures, providing mental/physical health resources and helping them navigate peer relationships—especially given ongoing remote education and social distancing due to the pandemic.
Compressed Sensing based Low-Power Multi-view Video Coding and Transmission in Wireless Multi-path Multi-hop Networks

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) is increasingly being deployed for surveillance, monitoring and Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensing applications where a set of cameras capture and compress local images and then transmit the data to a remote controller. Such captured local images may also be compressed in a multi-view fashion to reduce the redundancy among overlapping views. In this paper, we present a novel paradigm for compressed-sensing-enabled multi-view coding and streaming in WMSN. We first propose a new encoding and decoding architecture for multi-view video systems based on Compressed Sensing (CS) principles, composed of cooperative sparsity-aware block-level rate-adaptive encoders, feedback channels and independent decoders. The proposed architecture leverages the properties of CS to overcome many limitations of traditional encoding techniques, specifically massive storage requirements and high computational complexity. Then, we present a modeling framework that exploits the aforementioned coding architecture. The proposed mathematical problem minimizes the power consumption by jointly determining the encoding rate and multi-path rate allocation subject to distortion and energy constraints. Extensive performance evaluation results show that the proposed framework is able to transmit multi-view streams with guaranteed video quality at lower power consumption.
Pregnancy and birth outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with significant maternal morbidity and increased rates of preterm birth. For this reason, COVID-19 vaccine administration in pregnancy has been endorsed by multiple professional societies including ACOG and SMFM despite exclusion of pregnant women from initial clinical trials of vaccine safety and efficacy. However, to date little data exists regarding outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant patients. Study DesignA comprehensive vaccine registry was combined with a delivery database for an integrated healthcare system to create a delivery cohort including vaccinated patients. Maternal sociodemographic data were examined univariately for factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Pregnancy and birth outcomes were analyzed, including a composite measure of maternal and neonatal pregnancy complications, the Adverse Outcome Index. ResultsOf 2002 patients in the delivery cohort, 140 (7.0%) received a COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and 212 (10.6%) experienced a COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. The median gestational age at first vaccination was 32 weeks (range 13 6/7-40 4/7), and patients vaccinated during pregnancy were less likely than unvaccinated patients to experience COVID-19 infection prior to delivery (1.4% (2/140) vs. 11.3% (210/1862)) P<0.001No maternal COVID-19 infections occurred after vaccination during pregnancy. Factors significantly associated with increased likelihood of vaccination included older age, higher level of maternal education, lower pre-pregnancy BMI, and use of infertility treatment for the current pregnancy. Tobacco or other substance use, Hispanic ethnicity, and higher gravidity were associated with a lower likelihood of vaccination. No significant difference in the composite adverse outcome (5.0% (7/140) vs. 4.9% (91/1862) P=0.95) or other maternal or neonatal complications, including thromboembolic events and preterm birth, was observed in vaccinated mothers compared to unvaccinated patients. ConclusionsVaccinated pregnant women in this birth cohort were less likely to experience COVID-19 infection compared to unvaccinated pregnant patients, and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with increased pregnancy or delivery complications. Significant sociodemographic disparities in vaccine uptake and/or access were observed among pregnant patients, and future efforts should focus on outreach to low-uptake populations.
Professor Rathke's gift to neurosurgery: the cyst, its diagnosis, surgical management, and outcomes.

Rathke cleft cysts (RCC) are a target for transsphenoidal surgery when symptomatic; however, the surgical techniques and outcomes continue to be of interest. Our goal is to highlight nuances in diagnosis, surgical philosophy and techniques, and outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed a single surgeon experience in a contemporary series of RCC from April 2008 through December 2019. The clinical presentation, radiographic studies, intraoperative findings, histopathological diagnosis, postoperative complications, and outcome data were recorded and analyzed. A total of 131 endoscopic endonasal operations were performed on 116 patients (30 male, 86 female), with an average age of 39 years. We identified 102 patients without prior surgery, and 14 patients with prior surgery elsewhere. Postoperative complications included transient diabetes insipidus (DI) (n = 23, 20%), permanent DI (n = 5, 4%), SIADH (n = 6, 5%), epistaxis (n = 6, 5%), postoperative infection (n = 3, 2.5%), postoperative CSF leak (n = 1, < 1%), intrasellar hematoma (n = 1, < 1%), and stroke (n = 1, < 1%). Visual improvement was observed in 74% (n = 31/42) of patients presenting with visual loss, and headache improvement in 86% (n = 80/93). Overall, the recurrence rate in our cohort was 11%, with a lower recurrence rate seen in males (p = 0.02). The median follow-up duration was 15.2 months (interquartile range 1.7–52.3) Our results reflect the philosophy of a conservative surgical approach, designed to preserve normal pituitary function, and avoid DI, while achieving the maximal feasible resection. Evacuation of the cyst contents and meticulous sampling of the cyst wall when possible for histopathological diagnosis are crucial. The postoperative relief of symptoms and signs is gratifying, as are the overall rates of recurrence and outcomes.
Surface roughness parameter and modeling for fatigue behavior of additive manufactured parts: A non-destructive data-driven approach

Abstract Metallic additive manufacturing produces undesired surface roughness due to the nature of the layer-by-layer fabrication process. As-built surface roughness can accelerate surface crack initiation and result in an early fatigue failure under cyclic loading. Therefore, the effect of surface roughness on the structural integrity of additive manufactured parts needs to be characterized before they can be used in fatigue-critical applications. In this study, the surface roughness of Ti-6Al-4V specimens fabricated by a laser beam powder bed fusion system is characterized, using a non-destructive data-driven approach, and correlated with their fatigue performance. Using a data-intensive surface topographical investigation, standard surface roughness parameters with statistical robustness are generated. The results confirm that conventional standard surface roughness parameters cannot appropriately represent the correlation between surface roughness and fatigue lives. Accordingly, a hybrid surface roughness parameter consisting of the maximum valley depth (Rv/Sv), the skewness (Rsk/Ssk), and the kurtosis (Rku/Sku) of the profiled lines/areas is suggested to explain the fatigue behavior. The proposed hybrid surface roughness parameter is validated by vertically fabricated flat specimens and diagonally built cylindrical dog-bone specimens to investigate the effect of design and build orientation. Moreover, a fatigue prediction model which considers the surface roughness as a micro-notch has been modified using the proposed hybrid surface roughness parameter and the part’s layer thickness and validated against experimental data.
Cytokinetics

Certain developments in the interrelation of cell population theory and intracellular kinetics, collectively termedcytokinetics, are reviewed and discussed. The results imply the suitability of a set of three general postulates governing the behavior of cells under normal conditions and under conditions of stress.