cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of a Civil Structure Using an Electric Machine with Semiactive Capability

This paper concerns the implementation of a brushless DC machine as a force actuator, for use in suppressing vibrations in civil structures. The machine has the dual capability of operation as an active as well as semiactive device. It operates semiactively by using the machine as a generator to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy which is then dissipated. The electrical network uses electronic switching to control the power flow from the machine. With the machine shaft connected to a gear reducer and ballscrew mechanism, the result is a device that resembles a linear damper with a controllable damping coefficient. The only external electrical power required is that which is needed to support the control system intelligence and to control the transistors, enabling the device to be operated on battery power. As an example of an application of such an actuator, simulations are performed in which the semiactive device is used to control a three-story structural model, with acceleration feedback control. The structural control system design approach is the well-established “clipped-optimal” method. Results suggest that this actuator is effective in simultaneously suppressing the interstory drifts and the absolute accelerations of the structure. A comparison is made to a similar configuration using a magnetorheological damper as the semiactive force device.
Enantioselective synthesis of loracarbef from sodium erythorbate

Abstract Sodium erythorbate ( 7 ) has been converted to loracarbef ( 1 ). Oxidation of sodium erythorbate to D -erythronolactone ( 8 ) followed by selective monotosylation and treatment with sodium ethoxide provided ethyl (2 S ,3 R )-4-hydroxy-2,3-epoxybutyrate ( 10 ). Swern oxidation of this epoxide into the aldehyde ( 11 ), imine formation with tert -butylglycinate and an enantioselective Staudinger reaction with phthalimidoacetyl chloride afforded the (3 S ,4 S )- cis - β-lactam ( 13 ). Appropriate functional group manipulations followed by a Dieckmann condensation, chlorination, and protecting group removals gave the enantiomerically pure nucleus of loracarbef ( 24 ).
Evolution of Human Retrosequences: Alu

Throughout evolution, mobile elements have accumulated to high copy numbers contributing to almost half of the human genomic mass. Evidence indicates that only the retroelements are currently active. In humans, the short interspersed elements (SINE), Alu, with over one million copies, outnumbers any of the other types of retroelements. Alu arose from the dimerization of modified 7SL RNA (ribonucleic acid) pseudogenes early in primate evolution, where different subfamilies continued to amplify during particular periods. Alu amplification has both positively and negatively impacted the human genome, and continues to play an important role in its shaping as a contributor of genetic instability and variation. Keywords: SINE; LINE; ALU; evolution; mobile element
Comparison of a commercial antigen-capture ELISA with enrichment culture for detection of Salmonella from fecal samples.

sensitivity rate among human beings and animals in Boone County, Missouri. Am J Public Health 42:926. 9. Goetz TE, Coffman JA: 1984, Ulcerative colitis and proteinlosing enteropathy associated with intestinal salmonellosis and histoplasmosis in a horse. Equine Vet J 16:439-441. 10. Hall AD: 1979, An equine abortion due to histoplasmosis. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 74:200-201. 11. Mahaffey E, Gabber-t N, Johnson D, et al.: 1977, Disseminated histoplasmosis in three cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 13:4636. 12. Menges RW, Kitner LD: 19 5 1, Bovine histoplasmosis: case report. North Am Vet 32:692-695. 13. Panciera RJ: 1969, Histoplasmic (Histoplasma capsulatum) infection in a horse. Cornell Vet 59:306-312. 14. Randall CC, Orr MF, Schell FG: 1951, Detection by tissue culture of an organism resembling Histoplasma capsulatum in an apparently healthy horse. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 7847. 15. Rezabek GB, Donahue JM, Giles RC, Petrites-Murphy MB: 1993, Histoplasmosis in horses. J Comp Pathol 109:47-55. 16. Richman H: 1948, Histoplasmosis in a colt. North Am Vet 29: 710. 17. Saunders JR, Kaplan W, Matthiesen RJ: 1983, Abortion due to histoplasmosis in a mare. J Am Vet Med Assoc 183: 10971099.
Factors Influencing the Absorption of a Medium Chain Triglyceride: I. The role of bile in the intraluminal phase of absorption

Summary 1.The absorption of glyceryl trioctanoate labeled with C 14 in the carboxyl moiety (RATO) was estimated by continuously monitoring the expired radioactive carbon dioxide in 4 groups of rats. 2.In 8 rats (control group A) the lipid was administered into the stomach and in 8 rats (control group B) into the duodenum. Average amounts of administered radioactivity recovered as C 14 O 2 in the expired air in 60 min were 22.6% and 26.1%, respectively. The difference between these 2 results is not statistically significant. 3.In 8 rats with surgically created, external biliary fistulas (group C) an average of 8.9% of the administered dose was recovered. The difference in results between this group and control group B is statistically significant (P 4.After restoration of bile flow at physiological rates to 4 rats (group D) the excretion of C 14 O 2 after RATO ingestion returned to normal. 5.It is suggested that luminal factors, such as lipolysis and formation of mixed micelles, are impaired in the absence of bile, and are responsible for the observed retardation of medium chain lipid absorption.
Lexically guided phonetic retuning of foreign-accented speech and its generalization.

Listeners use lexical knowledge to retune phoneme categories. When hearing an ambiguous sound between /s/ and /f/ in lexically unambiguous contexts such as gira[s/f], listeners learn to interpret the sound as /f/ because gira[f] is a real word and gira[s] is not. Later, they apply this learning even in lexically ambiguous contexts (perceiving knife rather than nice). Although such retuning could help listeners adapt to foreign-accented speech, research has focused on single phonetic contrasts artificially manipulated to create ambiguous sounds; however, accented speech varies along many dimensions. It is therefore unclear whether analogies to adaptation to accented speech are warranted. In the present studies, the to-be-adapted ambiguous sound was embedded in a global foreign accent. In addition, conditions of cross-speaker generalization were tested with focus on the extent to which perceptual similarity between 2 speakers’ fricatives is a condition for generalization to occur. Results showed that listeners retune phoneme categories manipulated within the context of a global foreign accent, and that they generalize this short-term learning to the perception of phonemes from previously unheard speakers. However, generalization was observed only when exposure and test speakers’ fricatives were sampled across a similar perceptual space.
Fatty Acid Distributions in Serum Lipids and Serum Lipoproteins

W ITLI TIlE exceptions of vnesterified cholesteryl and unesterified fatty acids the serum lipids consist almost entirely of esters of long chain fatty acids. These lipids, such as cholesterol esters, glycerides and phospholipides, are biochemically complex mixtures. Thus, for some of these classes of lipids there are at least as many chemically distinct cornpounds as there are specific fatty acids present within each class. Since these serum lipids may be quantitatively and qualitatively abnormal, as occurs in certain of the hyperlipernic and hyperlipoproteinernic states, it is of potential importance that the fatty acid distribution within each of the major serum lipids be studied in detail. Furthermore, since nearly all the serum lipids are present as part of the structure of several groups of lipoproteins, some of which are specifically elevated in certain disease states,’ it is of additional interest to determine what differences, if any, exist within the same lipid class taken from each of these different serum lipoprotein groups. Until recently fatty acid analysis of serum
Signal-to-noise ratio considerations in modified matched spatial filters

General expressions are derived for the degradation in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of rotation and scale distortions for modified matched spatial filters. These are numerically evaluated for image classes with Gaussian- and exponential-shaped autocorrelation functions to demonstrate the effects of training set size, input noise level, and image space–bandwidth product (SBWP) on the resulting SNR. The SNR for distorted input images is shown to improve, whereas the SNR for undistorted inputs degrades, as the number of training set images is increased. If the number of training set images is increased beyond a certain point, the SNR becomes constant for any input distortion. This SNR and the number of training set images required to attain it increase with the SBWP. The optimum training set image SBWP for a fixed training set size is also determined.
Drug and alcohol use during pregnancy: we need to protect, not punish, women.

i w a e w p w i a w s ( 2 i u F m s s r s g b H ( e h b a o ess than a week after giving birth last year, Stacey illigan was arrested in Glenn Falls, New York on harges of child endangerment because she drank in her 5th week of pregnancy. In Middlesex County, New ersey, pregnant Simmone Ikerd was sentenced to 9 onths in prison because, in the judge’s words, “I don’t ant her using drugs. The only way I can do it is by utting her in jail. Not because I want to punish her, but ecause we want to save the baby” (The Henry J. Kaiser amily Foundation, 2004). In Oklahoma, Julie Starks was entenced to spend the duration of her pregnancy in a ogers County jail cell because she lived in a trailer ome that was being used as a methamphetamine lab; s. Starks herself tested drug-free. Tayshea Aiwohi, a awaiian woman who used crystal methamphetamine hile pregnant and breast-feeding, was charged with anslaughter when her 2-day old son died. And just this ast August, Brenda Black, a South Carolina resident, as charged with homicide by child abuse after her tillborn baby tested positive for cocaine. These cases and others like them represent a resurence of the punitive legal crusades against pregnant omen that were first sparked almost two decades go by the crack epidemic. Along with the efforts of ome state legislatures to define any prenatal drug or lcohol use as “child abuse,” these actions in the realm f criminal justice run counter to the dictates of edical care, public health, and civil rights. Indeed, his gathering wave of criminal sanctions against omen who experience concomitant drug and alcohol se and pregnancy not only threatens women’s autonmy and their status as citizens entitled to equal
Over the Network and to the Grid...

The folks at the Southern California Earthquake Center are rising rapidly to the top of the Electronic Seismologist's Favorite People List. First, because they are doing interesting work in keeping seismology on the leading edge of the IT world. Second (and far more important in their ESFPL ranking), they are more than willing to share their experiences through contributions to the ES. This issue the subject is “Grid Computing.” Although not the most overhyped IT term at the moment …
Further results on Kalman filters for speckle noise reduction on SAR images

The modified adaptive block Kalman filter (MABKF) developed by Geling and Ionescu [1994] was designed to reduce the level of speckle in complex SAR images including urban regions where normal speckle assumptions are no longer true. In order to improve the performance of the filter two modifications have been developed. The MABKF filter methodology has been combined with a dynamic model using a symmetric full-plane region of support. Additionally, a multiplicative noise term has been added to the dynamic equation to model the highly variable nature of a complex urban scene containing many strong reflectors. The filters are demonstrated on an ERS-1 SAR image of Victoria, B.C.
Assembly-Line Balancing by Linear Programming

Linear-programming solutions to the assembly-line balancing problem are offered in two forms. Feasible solutions depend on work recently presented on integer solutions to linear-programming problems. As yet, the computation involved for a practical problem would be quite large.
Community and Species-Specific Responses of Wild Bees to Insect Pest Control Programs Applied to a Pollinator-Dependent Crop

Wild bee conservation is regarded as essential for sustainable production of pollinator-dependent crops, yet little is known about the effects on wild bee communities of typical insect pest management programs used postbloom. We developed an insecticide program risk (IPR) index to quantify the relative risk to wild bees of insecticide programs applied to blueberry fields. This was used to determine the relationship between IPR and the abundance, diversity, and richness of wild bee communities sampled during three successive flowering seasons. In 2 of 3 yr, bee abundance and species richness declined with increasing IPR. Bee diversity declined with IPR in one of 3 yr. These results indicate that wild bee communities are negatively affected by increasingly intensive chemical pest management activities in crop fields and that interyear variability in bee populations has the potential to mask such effects in short-term studies. When several wild bee species were analyzed separately, two of three solitary and one of three social blueberry-foraging species declined with increasing IPR values, suggesting that different life histories and nesting habits may help some bee populations escape the negative effects of insecticides applied after bloom. Pollinator conservation programs aimed strictly at reducing insecticide use may have varying success, depending on the biology of the target bee species. The IPR index provides a standard method to compare pest management programs for their potential effect on wild bee communities, with broad application for use in other agricultural systems.
THE MAGNETIC STRUCTURES OF DyNi2Ge2

Abstract In this paper we report the results of neutron diffraction measurements of the magnetic structures of a single crystal of DyNi2Ge2 in zero applied magnetic field. There are two distinct magnetic transitions in this material; one is from the paramagnetic phase to an amplitude modulated (AM) antiferromagnetic phase at the Neel temperature, TN = 8.3±0.1 K, and the other is at a lower temperature, Tt = 3.1±0.2 K, from this phase to an equal moment (EM) antiferrromagnetic structure. The EM structure is described by a set of three wave vectors, namely, τ 1 = (0 0 3 4 ), τ 2 = ( 1 2 1 2 0) and τ 3 = ( 1 2 1 2 1 2 ). A weak third harmonic, τ 1 ′ = (0 0 1 4 ), related to τ 1 , also appears indicating that the magnetic structure is not purely sinusoidal. In this phase Dy moments have their full saturation value of μs = 10 μB. The AM phase is described by a single propagation vector τ 1 . In both the phases there is an ordered component of the Dy moments in the basal plane. The angle between the ordered Dy moments and the the c axis is estimated to be 17°±6° at 1.5 K. These results are consistent with the dc susceptibility as a function of temperature data which shows weak anisotropy and two transitions.
Some principles for designing a wide-area WDM optical network

We explore design principles for next-generation optical wide-area networks, employing wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and targeted to nationwide coverage. This optical network exploits wavelength multiplexers and optical switches in routing nodes, so that an arbitrary virtual topology may be embedded on a given physical fiber network. The virtual topology, which is used as a packet-switched network and which consists of a set of all-optical "lightpaths", is set up to exploit the relative strengths of both optics and electronics-viz. packets of information are carried by the virtual topology "as far as possible" in the optical domain, but packet forwarding from lightpath to lightpath is performed via electronic switching, whenever required. We formulate the virtual topology design problem as an optimization problem with one of two possible objective functions: (1) for a given traffic matrix, minimize the network-wide average packet delay (corresponding to a solution for present traffic demands), or (2) maximize the scale factor by which the traffic matrix can be scaled up (to provide the maximum capacity upgrade for future traffic demands). Since simpler versions of this problem have been shown to be NP-hard, we resort to heuristic approaches. Specifically, we employ an iterative approach which combines "simulated annealing" (to search for a good virtual topology) and "flow deviation" (to optimally route the traffic-and possibly bifurcate its components-on the virtual topology). We do not consider the number of available wavelengths to be a constraint, i.e., we ignore the routing of lightpaths and wavelength assignment for these lightpaths. We illustrate our approaches by employing experimental traffic statistics collected from NSFNET.
In Vitro Methotrexate as a Practical Approach to Selective Allodepletion

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of transplant-related morbidity and mortality in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. As GVHD is mediated predominantly by alloreactive donor T cells, selective allodepletion from the graft may alleviate GVHD, whereas potentially maintaining other advantages conferred by donor T cells, such as graft survival, antiviral immunity, and graft-versus-leukemia effect. In this study, we evaluated the ability of methotrexate, a clinically approved antimetabolite drug, to deplete alloreactive T cells in HLA-mismatched mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). We observed that methotrexate could inhibit the proliferation of alloreactive T cells in primary in vitro MLR. On reexposure of methotrexate-treated cells to the same allostimulus, a significant reduction in the alloreactive immune response was observed, whereas responses to third-party allostimuli and viral antigens were preserved. Thus, our results provide preclinical evidence that in vitro methotrexate treatment results in specific allodepletion and may be used as an effective agent for preventing GVHD.
The Postcolonial Reality of Using the Term " Liturgical " to Describe Hindu Dance

Homi Bhabha, a postcolonial scholar influenced by the work of Franz Fanon and Edward Said, indicates that identities stimulate a need to negotiate in spaces that result in the remaking of boundaries. There is a call to expose the limitations of the East and the West in an effort to acknowledge the space in-between that interconnects the past traditions and history, with the present and the future. This study applies Homi Bhabha's theory of hybridity to determine whether the term liturgical is appropriate to describe Kuchipudi Indian classical Hindu dance. Presented are the elements of Kuchipudi dance and liturgical dance, and then contemplative dance is discussed as an appropriate medium in the space of hybridity between Kuchipudi dance and liturgical dance.
Effects of patent Echinostoma caproni infection on the sterol composition of the digestive gland-gonad complex of Biomphalaria glabrata as determined by gas-liquid chromatography

Sterols in the digestive gland-gonad (DGG) complex of Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda) infected with patent larval stages of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) versus uninfected control snails were studied by gas-liquid chromatography. The major sterol present in both populations was cholesterol, 59% in the infected snails and 51% in the controls. Infected snails contained the same phytosterols as the controls—desmosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and beta-sitosterol–but the percent composition was reduced. The reduction was significant for both campesterol and stigmasterol.
Values of Urine Specific Gravity for Thoroughbred Horses Treated with Furosemide Prior to Racing Compared with Untreated Horses

The distribution of specific gravity values for 2,599 urine samples collected from racing Thoroughbred horses that were known to have received furosemide prior to racing was compared with that for 1,669 urine samples from racing Thoroughbred horses that reportedly had not received furosemide. Values of specific gravity for furosemide-treated horses were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than those for horses that had not received furosemide, and the proportion of horses with urine specific gravity either <1.010 or <1.012 was significantly greater (P < 0.001) among the furosemide-treated horses. These data indicate that evaluation of urine specific gravity would be a useful component of drug testing programs for regulation of furosemide use.
Architecture of thermal adaptation in an Exiguobacterium sibiricum strain isolated from 3 million year old permafrost: A genome and transcriptome approach

Many microorganisms have a wide temperature growth range and versatility to tolerate large thermal fluctuations in diverse environments, however not many have been fully explored over their entire growth temperature range through a holistic view of its physiology, genome, and transcriptome. We used Exiguobacterium sibiricum strain 255-15, a psychrotrophic bacterium from 3 million year old Siberian permafrost that grows from -5°C to 39°C to study its thermal adaptation. The E. sibiricum genome has one chromosome and two small plasmids with a total of 3,015 protein-encoding genes (CDS), and a GC content of 47.7%. The genome and transcriptome analysis along with the organism's known physiology was used to better understand its thermal adaptation. A total of 27%, 3.2%, and 5.2% of E. sibiricum CDS spotted on the DNA microarray detected differentially expressed genes in cells grown at -2.5°C, 10°C, and 39°C, respectively, when compared to cells grown at 28°C. The hypothetical and unknown genes represented 10.6%, 0.89%, and 2.3% of the CDS differentially expressed when grown at -2.5°C, 10°C, and 39°C versus 28°C, respectively. The results show that E. sibiricum is constitutively adapted to cold temperatures stressful to mesophiles since little differential gene expression was observed between 4°C and 28°C, but at the extremities of its Arrhenius growth profile, namely -2.5°C and 39°C, several physiological and metabolic adaptations associated with stress responses were observed.
Day surgery unit thoracic surgery: the first UK experience.

Objective: Operating in a day surgery unit has potential benefits, including lower risk of cancellation, reduced infection rates, cost effectiveness and increased patient satisfaction. We believe that we are the first unit in the UK to regularly perform thoracic surgery in a dedicated day surgery unit, and describe our experience to date. Methods: Data were collected prospectively from 1 September 2007 to 31 December 2009. Following surgery, patients were observed in a recovery area for 1 h before transfer back to a short-stay ward. When chest drains were used, they were attached to an ambulatory drainage device for the patient to be discharged with. All patients were reviewed postoperatively, and were discharged home within 4—6 h if appropriate. Results: Ninety-eight patients underwent thoracic surgery in our day surgery unit. Sixty (61.2%) patients were male. The mean age was 53.0 (17—83) years. There were no deaths. Twenty-nine (29.6%) were mediastinal procedures (MED group) such as mediastinoscopy/otomy, 31 (31.6%) were video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS group) procedures such as lung biopsies and pleurodeses and 38 (38.8%) were a variety of other (OTHER group) procedures such as chest wall interventions and sternal wire removal. Out of the cohort, three (3.1%) patients required admission directly from the day surgery unit, and three (3.1%) were admitted late after discharge with problems relating to their surgery. Our Day Surgery Programme accounted for 12.0% of the total thoracic workload during the time period. Conclusions: Surgeons are continually trying to fast track increasingly complex procedures and, with good patient selection, thoracic surgery can be performed safely and effectively in day surgery units. # 2010 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Disk subsystem load balancing: disk striping vs. conventional data placement

To provide improved input/output performance, as well as to accommodate growing storage requirements, disk subsystems are increasing in size. A major hurdle to obtaining the performance available from these large disk subsystems is load imbalance, or disk skew. Dynamic data placement, the conventional load balancing technique, is usually adequate to deal with load imbalance because it is forced to accept atomic data sets with rapidly changing access patterns. The authors name this rapid fluctuation 'floating load imbalance' and distinguish it from the conventional view of load imbalance, referred to as 'fixed load imbalance'. Disk striping at a high granularity is suggested as a solution to floating load imbalance, the atomic data set problem and the complexity of balancing large disk subsystems. Disk striping uniformly spreads data sets across the disks in the subsystem and essentially randomizes, the disk accessed by each request. This randomization effectively handles both fixed and floating load imbalance. >
Zur Dynamik von Feedback-Systemen

Die aus den Aktivitaten in einer „negativen“ Ruckkopplungsschleife resultierenden Verhaltensarten konnen von gleichmasiger Annaherung an das angestrebte Ziel bis zu starken Oszillationen bei der Zielsuche reichen. „Positive“ Ruckkopplungsschleifen zeigen Wachstum und Schrumpfung. „Nichtlineare“ Schleifenverbindungen konnen Dominanzverschiebungen von einer Schleife zur anderen verursachen. Zur Einfuhrung in das dynamische (d.h. in der Zeit variierende) Verhalten von Ruckkopplungsschleifen werden in diesem Abschnitt verschiedene geschlossene Systeme dargestellt, die die in Fig. 2.1 gezeigten zeitabhangigen Verhaltenureaktionen erklaren. Die Kurven veranschaulichen die Zeitreihen von einigen Systemvariablen.
A Recipe for Reluctant Researchers: Blending Personal Narrative with Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic From Electronic Sources

Instructors find the challenge of getting developmental or reluctant writers to write, complicated by, if not a result of, difficulty in getting them to read. Nevertheless, by the time students reach college, they are expected to have reading skills needed for a modicum of research writing. College instructors tend to assign college-sized reading assignments on academic topics and expect academic research skills to produce college-sized papers. With developmental readers and writers we risk disappointment, matched by student frustration.
J. A. Rogers: Portrait of an Afro-American Historian

(1975). J. A. Rogers: Portrait of an Afro-American Historian. The Black Scholar: Vol. 6, Black History II, pp. 32-39.
Novel Method for Constructing Tetrahedral Frames

This paper is concerned with the design and construction of a frame that makes optimal use of modern materials together with optimal structural design. It is modular in format and can be constructed using puckered rings which combine to make a frame with tetrahedral nodes and cubic symmetry; analogous with the crystal structure of diamond. This frame can be extended indefinitely in three dimensions by adding modules to its core. Such a frame has high capacity to bear loads relative to its weight. For some types of loading it has the highest possible specific-structural strength (for a frame of struts). It is a structural analog of a foam.
Stabilization of High-Dimensional Harmonic Balance Solvers Using a Temporal Spectral Viscosity Operator

In this paper, we investigate the application of a temporal spectral viscosity (TSV) operator to eliminate aliasing errors associated with the high-dimensional harmonic balance technique (HDHB), which is an efficient method for modeling nonlinear time-periodic problems. Previous studies have shown that aliasing errors may slow down the convergence rate, trigger a nonlinear instability or lead to non-physical solutions. A temporal spectral viscosity operator, similar to that used in the pseudo-spectral method, is introduced. The temporal spectral viscosity is added to the high frequency modes to eliminate aliasing errors so as to ensure the convergence to the physical solution. The implementation of the technique is straightforward and can be incorporated into the high-dimensional harmonic balance solver as a matrix operator. The accuracy of the modified method is demonstrated for a few test cases and shows promise for the problems considered here.
Experiments with an active extract of parathyroid.

Recently, H. W. C. Vines has shown that calcium in normal unclotted blood is present in two forms. He found that approximately one-third of the calcium is present in a combined or non-ionized state, while two-thirds are in the ionized form. He also observed that chronic septic infections do not heal rapidly unless the ionic calcium is increased. Vines observed that the administration of dried parathyroid increased the relative ionic calcium and lead to rapid healing of ulcers.The present authors have also observed similar effects, using an extract of parathyroid made in the following manner: 30 gm. of finely divided ox gland are boiled in 500 cc. of dilute hydrochloric acid (10 parts per thousand), cooled, filtered, and then made up to 500 cc. again. This extract which we know as hydrochloric × seemingly contains the active principle of the parathyroid. Dogs which had been completely parathyroidectomized and which were showing symptoms of tetany, recovered. Sometimes on injection, the symptoms increased a...
Optimization on Operation Scheme of Circulating Water System in a Unit Based on Steady State Modeling Method of Thermal System

The optimized operation of circulating water system is of great significance for improving the efficiency of thermal power units.Based on the steady state modeling software GateCycle,the configuration of circulating water system of a 300MW unit is established in present paper.The optimal combination mode of circulating water pumps is investigated under different load and water temperature,and the influence of coal consumption is discussed.The optimized operating table and regulation scheme for the circulating water system are suggested,which provide an effective way for optimized operation.
Specific binding of prolactin by the prostate gland of the rat and man.

AbstractSpecific binding sites for125iodine-prolactin are present in membrane particles obtained from the rat ventral prostate, human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma. In the ventral prostate glands of young rats (1 to 4 months old) specific binding of125iodine-prolactin is higher than in older animals (>8 months old). Subcellular distribution studies revealed that specific125iodine-prolactin binding activity is associated primarily with the 15,000 and 100,000g particulate membrane fractions of the rat ventral prostate and human prostate glands. In rats between 2 and 4 months old significant increases in the prolactin binding activity in the 100,000g membrane fraction of the ventral prostate are observed to occur without concomitant increases in prolactin binding activity in the 15,000g fraction. The level of specific125iodine-prolactin binding activity present in the human prostate gland is lower than that observed in the rat ventral prostate gland. Localization of specific prola...
Is Intellectual Character Growth a Realistic Educational Aim

AbstractResponsibilist approaches to virtue epistemology examine the epistemic significance of intellectual virtues like curiosity, attentiveness, intellectual humility, open-mindedness, intellectual courage, and intellectual tenacity. On one way of thinking about these traits, they are the deep personal qualities or character traits of a good thinker or learner. Given the intimate connection between intellectual virtues and good thinking and learning, responsibilist virtue epistemology appears ripe for application to educational theory and practice. At a minimum, growth in intellectual virtues seems like a worthy educational aim. But is such an aim realistic? There are at least three objections to thinking that it is. In this paper, I defend the enterprise of educating for growth in intellectual virtues against each of these objections. I conclude that if pursued in the right way, intellectual character growth is a worthy and realistic educational aim—one that justifies rethinking some fundamental educat...
Embedding system dynamics in agent based models for complex adaptive systems

Complex adaptive systems (CAS) are composed of interacting agents, exhibit nonlinear properties such as positive and negative feedback, and tend to produce emergent behavior that cannot be wholly explained by deconstructing the system into its constituent parts. Both system dynamics (equation-based) approaches and agent-based approaches have been used to model such systems, and each has its benefits and drawbacks. In this paper, we introduce a class of agent-based models with an embedded system dynamics model, and detail the semantics of a simulation framework for these models. This model definition, along with the simulation framework, combines agent-based and system dynamics approaches in a way that retains the strengths of both paradigms. We show the applicability of our model by instantiating it for two example complex adaptive systems in the field of Computational Sustainability, drawn from ecology and epidemiology. We then present a more detailed application in epidemiology, in which we compare a previously unstudied intervention strategy to established ones. Our experimental results, unattainable using previous methods, yield insight into the effectiveness of these intervention strategies.
Clavicle fracture and brachial plexus palsy in the newborn: Risk factors and outcome.

We undertook this study in aprimary care setting of a developing country, in apopulation with high parity and a high incidence ofdiabetes in pregnancy, aiming to determine the incidenceof these injuries in infants born in our hospital, to identifypossible risk factors in our population and to determine theprognosis for full recovery of affected babies.
Clinical Traumatic Brain Injury in the Preclinical Setting

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability for people under 45 years of age. Clinical TBI is often the result of disparate forces resulting in heterogeneous injuries. Preclinical modeling of TBI is a vital tool for studying the complex cascade of metabolic, cellular, and molecular post-TBI events collectively termed secondary injury. Preclinical models also provide an important platform for studying therapeutic interventions. However, modeling TBI in the preclinical setting is challenging, and most models replicate only certain aspects of clinical TBI. This chapter details the most widely used models of preclinical TBI, including the controlled cortical impact, fluid percussion, blast, and closed head models. Each of these models replicates particular critical aspects of clinical TBI. Prior to selecting a preclinical TBI model, it is important to address what aspect of human TBI is being sought to evaluate.
Pyrolysis of dedicated bioenergy crops grown on reclaimed mine land in West Virginia

Abstract Dedicated bioenergy crops grown on marginal lands such as reclaimed mine lands and other non-arable lands are auspicious cellulosic sources for sustainable bioenergy production. In this study, characterization of pyrolysis products were documented for two dedicated bioenergy crops grown on reclaimed coal-mine lands in West Virginia. Two clonal varieties (Private and Public varieties) of Miscanthus ( Miscanthus x giganteus ) and two varieties (Bomaster and Kanlow varieties) of Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L ) were used in this study. The oven-dried samples were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed batch reactor under an inert condition and at a temperature of 500 °C to produce biochar and bio-oil (vapor condensate). The pyrolysis product, energy and carbon conversion yields were calculated. Additionally, biochar and bio-oil were characterized for elemental composition, volatile, ash and calorific values. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the biochar yields (about 30.00% yield) obtained from the clonal varieties of Switchgrass and Miscanthus. The bio-oil yields were in the range of 45.00–51.00% with the Miscanthus (Private variety) having the highest bio-oil yield of 50.61%. The carbon content of the biomass, biochar and bio-oil were found to be 46.80–48.02%, 77.72–80.23% and 54.68–59.68%, respectively. Average calorific values were found to be 19.49 MJ/kg, 29.01 MJ/kg and 24.98 MJ/kg for the biomass, biochar and bio-oil, respectively. Results for the surface chemistry of the biochars showed carbon and oxygen to be the major chemical constituents of the surfaces of the biochars. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) were found to be the major components of the non-condensable gas and the CO:CO 2 ratio showed that the non-condensable gas cannot be used as a fluidizing medium.
Fluorescent, Magnetic Multifunctional Carbon Dots for Selective Separation, Identification, and Eradication of Drug-Resistant Superbugs

The emergence of drug-resistant superbugs remains a major burden to society. As the mortality rate caused by sepsis due to superbugs is more than 40%, accurate identification of blood infections during the early stage will have a huge significance in the clinical setting. Here, we report the synthesis of red/blue fluorescent carbon dot (CD)-attached magnetic nanoparticle-based multicolor multifunctional CD-based nanosystems, which can be used for selective separation and identification of superbugs from infected blood samples. The reported data show that multifunctional fluorescent magneto-CD nanoparticles are capable of isolating Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Salmonella DT104 superbug from whole blood samples, followed by accurate identification via multicolor fluorescence imaging. As multidrug-resistant (MDR) superbugs are resistant to antibiotics available in the market, this article also reports the design of antimicrobial peptide-conjugated multicolor fluorescent magneto-CDs ...
Abstract WP99: Specific and Local Overexpression of Hemopexin Improves Anatomical and Functional Outcomes in the Autologous Blood Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has the highest morbidity, disability, and mortality rates of any stroke subtype, including ischemic stroke. When a hemorrhagic stroke occurs, the blood-brain barrier...
Mutant Huntingtin Is Secreted via a Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Unconventional Secretory Pathway

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG triplet in the gene encoding for huntingtin (Htt). The resulting mutant protein (mHtt) with extended polyglutamine (polyQ) sequence at the N terminus leads to neuronal degeneration both in a cell-autonomous and a non-cell-autonomous manner. Recent studies identified mHtt in the extracellular environment and suggested that its spreading contributes to toxicity, but the mechanism of mHtt release from the cell of origin remains unknown. In this study, we performed a comprehensive, unbiased analysis of secretory pathways and identified an unconventional lysosomal pathway as an important mechanism for mHtt secretion in mouse neuroblastoma and striatal cell lines, as well as in primary neurons. mHtt secretion was dependent on synaptotagmin 7, a regulator of lysosomal secretion, and inhibited by chemical ablation of late endosomes/lysosomes, suggesting a lysosomal secretory pattern. mHtt was targeted preferentially to the late endosomes/lysosomes compared with wild-type Htt. Importantly, we found that late endosomal/lysosomal targeting and secretion of mHtt could be inhibited efficiently by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and neutral sphingomyelinase chemical inhibitors, Ly294002 and GW4869, respectively. Together, our data suggest a lysosomal mechanism of mHtt secretion and offer potential strategies for pharmacological modulation of its neuronal secretion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This is the first study examining the mechanism of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) secretion in an unbiased manner. We found that the protein is secreted via a late endosomal/lysosomal unconventional secretory pathway. Moreover, mHtt secretion can be reduced significantly by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitors. Understanding and manipulating the secretion of mHtt is important because of its potentially harmful propagation in the brain.
The Curious Case of Sydney Gruson and the Obsessions of Guatemala and the United States

By 1954, the United States was gripped by the fear of the ever-expanding Communist tide. The expansion of Soviet Russia into Eastern Europe, the fall of China to the reds, and the war over the Korean peninsula had all shaken America’s nerves. As the only non-Communist super-power, the United States felt that it was its duty to first halt the spread of Communism and then push it back and replace it with democracies. Any government that had even the slightest hint of Communism must be removed for the safety of the United States and democracy. The United States State Department and CIA became obsessed with rooting out Communism and Communists, and Guatemala became caught in the CIA's crosshairs. This obsession lead to a lack of perspective and inability to see the other side’s point of view that caused the CIA, the United States State Department, and the Eisenhower administration to cause the downfall of Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz Guzman and end the October Revolution of 1944. Both sides were guilty of tunnel vision. All the CIA could see was red Communists quickly taking over the government of Guatemala and creating a beachhead for Moscow and the USSR to infiltrate the North American continent and the United States’ sphere of influence. While the people of the United States and their government may or may not have had justification for this fear, the real tragedy was their inability to see and understand why and what the reality was on the ground in Guatemala. Arbenz and his foreign minister were just as guilty in bringing about their demise. Arbenz and Toriello’s inability to understand the United States’ fear of Communism, and their own obsession with United Fruit Company contributed in a significant way to the end of their administration. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Association of Antibodies to Citrullinated Protein Antigens with Blood Pressure in First-Degree Relatives of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: The Studies of the Etiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

BACKGROUND Hypertension is more common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in the general population. It is unknown whether hypertension is due to RA-related medications or the disease itself. Therefore, we sought to investigate associations between RA-related autoantibodies, specifically antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens (ACPA) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in first-degree relatives of RA patients, who were free of RA and RA-related medications. We hypothesized that a greater number of detectable ACPA would be associated with high SBP and DBP, independent of other risk factors in these first-degree relatives. METHODS We evaluated associations between ACPA and SBP and DBP in a cross-sectional study of 72 first-degree relatives (defined as parent, child, or sibling) of RA patients. Fifteen ACPA were measured using a Bio-Plex bead-based assay; each was dichotomized as positive/negative based on pre-specified cut-points. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate associations between ACPA positivity and SBP and DBP, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), pack-years of smoking, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and current use of anti-hypertensive medications. RESULTS Average age was 51 and 69% were women. Mean SBP was 119 ± 18 and DBP was 74 ± 9 mm Hg. Thirty-three (46%) first-degree relatives were positive for ≥1 ACPA; and were younger, had lower BMI, more pack-years of smoking, and higher hsCRP concentrations compared to ACPA negative first-degree relatives. For each additional positive ACPA, SBP was 0.98 ± 0.5 mm Hg (p = 0.05) higher, and DBP was 0.66 ± 0.3 mm Hg (p = 0.04) higher. Anti-cit-fibrinogen A (211-230) positive and anti-cit-filaggrin positive first-degree relatives had 11.5 and 13.9 mm Hg higher SBP (p = 0.02) respectively. Anti-cit-clusterin, cit-filaggrin, and cit-vimentin positive first-degree relatives had 7-8 mm Hg higher DBP (p = 0.03, 0.05, 0.05 respectively), compared to being negative for these individual ACPA. Consistent with associations between ACPA, SBP, and DBP, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP2) positive first-degree relatives had 16.4± (p = 0.03) higher SBP and 12.1± mm Hg (p = 0.01) higher DBP than anti-CCP2 negative first-degree relatives. CONCLUSION In first-degree relatives without RA, ACPA positivity is associated with higher SBP and DBP. Subclinical autoimmune processes and ACPA may play a role in the vascular changes potentially leading to hypertension prior to RA onset.
Young adult women’s narrative resilience in relation to mother-daughter communicated narrative sense-making and well-being:

Grounded in communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) and resilience theorizing, the current study investigated the effects of mother-daughter communication on young adult women’s (n = 60) narrati...
Anatomy of Velopharyngeal Portal

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the structure and function of the underlying musculature so that forces responsible for velopharyngeal movement can be more completely understood. However, it is not our intent to advance a theory of velopharyngeal physiology in this forum, but merely to summarize current thinking and controversies. A secondary purpose is to describe briefly the impact of growth, adenoidal changes, and sex on velopharyngeal structure and function.
Enhanced Coarsening Resistance of Q-phase in Aluminum alloys by the addition of Slow Diffusing Solutes

Abstract Here, we design thermally stable microstructures of Al3Cu2Mg9Si7 (Q) precipitates based on commercial aluminum alloy (AS7GU) for automotive applications utilizing low-diffusivity solutes in aluminum. We find that the newly developed alloys show a ~ 20% enhancement in mechanical properties at 300 °C compared to the baseline AS7GU alloy.
Facilitating Faculty Collaboration Through the Creation of an Online OER Collection

Since the summer of 2016, a group of English 302 instructors have been working to create a collection of creative commons licensed, classroom-tested, course goal-aligned, peer-reviewed assignments for use in the one course that nearly every Mason student takes: English 302.Â Our goal is to strengthen and to some extent regularize an existing culture of collaboration among the 60+-member English 302 instructor community.Â The initial collection, supported by grants from GMU 4-VA and the CHSS Term Faculty Development Fund, went live on a Blackboard organization site in Fall 2016, and has seen steady use.Â During a second phase of work in Spring and Summer 2018, we are designing a public-facing collection site built on Mason publishingâ€™s iteration of the Online Journals System (OJS), transitioning the existing collection to that site, and adding additional items developed in 2016-1017 Composition Program learning communities.Â We hope to continue building the collection on the new site using a submission and review process similar to that of an academic journal. The poster presents the new collection (some items in which may be useful to instructors in other disciplines) and describes our process (including challenges encountered and addresses) which could be adapted for OER collections in other disciplines.