cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Filler Properties in the Creep Deformation of Filled Elastomers

Abstract The use of the creep T-jump experiment as a sensitive tool for elucidating the mechanistic behavior during the deformation of a complex material such as the carbon black filled elastomer has been illustrated. The activation energy for creep was determined as a function of stress for various vulcanizates. The effects of the choice of elastomer, and of variations in surface chemistry, structure, and loading of the filler, were studied. The T-jump results combined with electrical conductivity measurements confirmed the presence of a carbon black network which is considerably involved in the creep deformation process at low strain but not at high strain. In NR vulcanizates, there is a high-strain mechanism not observed in SBR vulcanizates; presumably strain-induced crystallization is responsible for the NR behavior. Oxidation of filler surfaces had essentially no effect on the creep deformation mechanisms, suggesting that, during creep, slippage of elastomers along the surface does not occur to any g...
Effects of Intraperitoneal Captopril on Peritoneal Transport in Rats

We studied the effects of various doses of intraperitoneal (I.P.) captopril, (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) during peritoneal dialysis, on urea dialysate/plasma (DIP) ratios, dialysat...
Increasing use of prescription drugs in the United Kingdom.

Background Prescription drugs are a central component of healthcare worldwide. We investigated changes in drug-prescribing patterns over time in the general population. Methods Secular trends were analyzed using 1999–2012 prescription data from The Health Improvement Network. Prevalence of receipt of medication prescriptions was computed by age, sex, and therapeutic category for each calendar year. Spearman correlations were computed to assess change over time. Results Between 1999 and 2012, the percentage of the population that received at least one medication prescription increased from 64.5% to 69.2% (rho = 0.96, p < 0.001). The percentage of patients receiving prescriptions for one to four unique agents declined from 45.6% to 42.1% (Spearman's rho = −0.98, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the percentage receiving five to nine and 10 or more unique agents increased from 14.1% to 17.5% (rho = 0.996, p < 0.001) and 4.7% to 9.6% (rho = 1.000, p < 0.001) respectively. Largest increases were seen in use of drugs for gastrointestinal disease among women and cardiovascular disease among men. In 2012, the most commonly used agents were for infection or nervous system drugs, with 32.0% and 28.9% of patients receiving at least one prescription, respectively. Conclusions Nearly 70% of the United Kingdom population has received prescriptions for one or more medication with increasing proportions receiving prescriptions for five or more. The high rates of medication use increase the complexity and cost of healthcare. These data can be used for public health planning and to design pharmacoepidemiology and comparative effectiveness studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategy and The Posts

The years since the coming of the Information Superhighway have been challenging ones at the Post Office. In spite of a record of performance improvement that has made the United States Postal Service into “one of the great turnaround stories of the 90s,”1 the future holds ominous prospects. Core services that have sustained the United States Postal Service, one of the world’s largest organizations, are being challenged by new technology. Electronic bill paying and bill presentment, Internet marketing and other emerging communications technologies are substituting for paper mail. While this substitution may be at the margin in the near term, these new business threats raise strategic questions to which the Postal Service must respond.
Plasmon-Controlled Fluorescence Methods and Applications

Fluorescence spectroscopy is an established and widely used technology in physical, chemical, biological, and medicinal research. At present, all aspects (including fluorophore brightness, stability, lasers, and optical components) of far-field fluorescence have developed for maximum capabilities. Accordingly, any developments to the fluorescence technology are more of incremental. However, we still need drastic advances to the technology to use it in some applications. Some examples to note here are the sensitivity of many clinical assays is limited by sample autofluorescence, single-molecule detection is limited by the brightness and photostability of the fluorophores, and the spatial resolution of cellular imaging is limited to about one half of the wavelength of the incident light. We believe a combination of fluorescence, plasmonics, and nanofabrication can fundamentally change and increase the capabilities of fluorescence technology. Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of free electrons in metallic surfaces and particles. We now know that fluorophores in the excited state can create plasmons that radiate into the far field and that fluorophores in the ground state can interact with and be excited by surface plasmons. These reciprocal interactions suggest that the novel optical absorption and scattering properties of metallic nanostructures can be used to control the decay rates, location, and direction of fluorophore emission. We refer to these phenomena as plasmon-controlled fluorescence (PCF). We predict that PCF will result in a new generation of probes and devices. These likely possibilities include ultrabright single-particle probes that do not photobleach, probes for selective multiphoton excitation with decreased light intensities, and distance measurements in biomolecular assemblies in the range from 10 to 200 nm. Additionally, PCF is likely to allow design of structures that enhance emission at specific wavelengths and the creation of new devices that control and transport the energy from excited fluorophores in the form of plasmons and then convert the plasmons back to light.
EZETIMIBE USE AS AN ADJUNCT TO STATIN THERAPY AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: INSIGHTS FROM ACTION REGISTRY-GET WITH THE GUIDELINES AND MEDICARE LINKED DATABASE

While ezetimibe has been approved for lipid lowering in the U.S. since 2002, the IMPROVE-IT trial only recently demonstrated its benefit on clinical outcomes when added to a statin in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. We examined patterns of ezetimibe and statin combination therapy use at
Guidelines on glucose self-monitoring in non-insulin users are not evidence-based

Commentary on: Aakre KM, Watine J, Bunting PS, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with diabetes who do not use insulin—are guidelines evidence-based? Diabet Med 2012;29:1226–36.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] There is controversy over the use of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) not taking insulin. SMBG for patients taking insulin is supported by necessity to closely monitor glucose and potential fluctuations. Many individuals with T2DM use SMBG to guide treatment decisions while others use SMBG to fulfil clinician recommendations to check blood glucose levels. Since many patients with T2DM are not always prone to hypoglycaemia, the utility of the frequent testing is debatable. In addition, the financial implications of SMBG can be tremendous, and SMBG may reduce quality of life. Third party payers will not always support SMBG with high frequency testing in T2DM non-insulin users. Aakre and colleagues examine SMBG in non-insulin T2DM with regard to recommendations put forth by clinical … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DDiabetic%2Bmedicine%2B%253A%2B%2Ba%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BBritish%2BDiabetic%2BAssociation%26rft.stitle%253DDiabet%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DAakre%26rft.auinit1%253DK.%2BM.%26rft.volume%253D29%26rft.issue%253D10%26rft.spage%253D1226%26rft.epage%253D1236%26rft.atitle%253DSelf-monitoring%2Bof%2Bblood%2Bglucose%2Bin%2Bpatients%2Bwith%2Bdiabetes%2Bwho%2Bdo%2Bnot%2Buse%2Binsulin--are%2Bguidelines%2Bevidence-based%253F%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1111%252Fj.1464-5491.2012.03659.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22435892%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03659.x&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=22435892&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F18%2F6%2F237.atom
Colon Cancer Screening in North Carolina

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death both in North Carolina and in the United States. The goal of CRC screening is early detection and prevention. This commentary reviews the evidence for screening, discusses current screening options, and explores which options are best suited for use in North Carolina.
27 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: THE 25-YEAR MAYO CLINIC EXPERIENCE

Introduction The diverse spectrum of focal or diffuse, central and peripheral nervous system involvement in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), its inconsistent relationship with overall disease activity as it continues to remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE makes its diagnosis extremely challenging. In 1999, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) proposed criteria that include 19 case definitions for NPSLE. Purpose We reviewed all patients with the diagnosis of NPSLE at the Mayo Clinic, over a 25-year period to better understand the pattern of presentation of NPSLE and prevalence with frequency distribution of every criterion as defined by the ACR. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 117 patients with presumed NPSLE presenting at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, from 1976 to 2001. Twenty-seven records that failed to meet ACR diagnostic criteria or did not have a confirmed nervous system involvement were excluded. Abstracted data included general demographics, clinical presentation, duration of SLE, blood tests, imaging studies, electroencephalography (EEG) and mortality. Summary of Results Majority were women (n = 77), Caucasian (88.9%) with a mean age of 37.6 years (range: 11 to 70 yrs) at presentation. Twenty-six developed NPSLE prior to demonstrable SLE symptoms and 12 developed it concurrently. Twenty-four of them died with a median survival of 168 months. Seizure was the most common presentation (38.9%), followed by cerebrovascular accidents and cognitive impairment (31.1%). Interestingly, we identified 3 patients who presented with features of parkinsonism as demonstrated by cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, dysphonia, and gait disturbance. Conclusion We believe that this study is among the largest population sample in the United States of this rare but devastating illness. Review of literature reveals that most studies performed so far involve small sample populations and are predominantly case reports. Central nervous system involvement was much more frequent than peripheral nervous system. We unearth a hitherto undescribed and novel presentation of NPSLE and suggest that it be added to the current ACR case definitions.
A new Alternative Treatment for Entrapped Stone Basket in the Distal Ureter

AbstractWe describe an alternative method for the treatment of an entrapped stone basket. When efforts to remove an engaged stone through the intramural ureter met with marked resistance, the basket with the stone within it was advanced into the renal pelvis. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy then was used to pulverize the stone, allowing successful removal of the basket.
WE-DE-202-02: Are Track Structure Simulations Truly Needed for Radiobiology at the Cellular and Tissue Levels?

Radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer has been established as a highly precise and effective way to eradicate a localized region of diseased tissue. To achieve further significant gains in the therapeutic ratio, we need to move towards biologically optimized treatment planning. To achieve this goal, we need to understand how the radiation-type dependent patterns of induced energy depositions within the cell (physics) connect via molecular, cellular and tissue reactions to treatment outcome such as tumor control and undesirable effects on normal tissue. Several computational biology approaches have been developed connecting physics to biology. Monte Carlo simulations are the most accurate method to calculate physical dose distributions at the nanometer scale, however simulations at the DNA scale are slow and repair processes are generally not simulated. Alternative models that rely on the random formation of individual DNA lesions within one or two turns of the DNA have been shown to reproduce the clusters of DNA lesions, including single strand breaks (SSBs), double strand breaks (DSBs) without the need for detailed track structure simulations. Efficient computational simulations of initial DNA damage induction facilitate computational modeling of DNA repair and other molecular and cellular processes. Mechanistic, multiscale models provide a useful conceptual framework to test biological hypotheses and help connect fundamental information about track structure and dosimetry at the sub-cellular level to dose-response effects on larger scales. In this symposium we will learn about the current state of the art of computational approaches estimating radiation damage at the cellular and sub-cellular scale. How can understanding the physics interactions at the DNA level be used to predict biological outcome? We will discuss if and how such calculations are relevant to advance our understanding of radiation damage and its repair, or, if the underlying biological processes are too complex for a mechanistic approach. Can computer simulations be used to guide future biological research? We will debate the feasibility of explaining biology from a physicists’ perspective. Learning Objectives: 1.Understand the potential applications and limitations of computational methods for dose-response modeling at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels 2.Learn about mechanism of action underlying the induction, repair and biological processing of damage to DNA and other constituents 3.Understand how effects and processes at one biological scale impact on biological processes and outcomes on other scales J. Schuemann, NCI/NIH grantsS. McMahon, Funding: European Commission FP7 (grant EC FP7 MC-IOF-623630)
Challenges—Getting Students Interested in Foreign Languages and Keeping them Interested

The challenge is twofold—to increase the awareness of the importance of foreign language skills and the interest and motivation to begin to learn another language, and to encourage learners to persevere, even when the inevitable plateaus can lead to lack of visible progress and a sense of discouragement. It is generally believed that motivation is the single best predictor of successful foreign language learning outcome.
Synthesis of Structurally Varied 1,3‐Disiloxanediols and Their Activity as Anion‐Binding Catalysts

A series of new 1,3-disiloxanediols has been synthesized, including naphthyl-substituted and unsymmetrical siloxanes, and demonstrated as a new class of anion-binding catalysts. In the absence of anions, diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) displays self-association of 1,3-disiloxanediols through hydrogen-bonding interactions. Binding constants determined for 1,3-disiloxanediol catalysts indicate strong hydrogen-bonding and anion-binding abilities with unsymmetrical siloxanes displaying different hydrogen-bonding abilities for each silanol group.
Next Generation Devices and Technologies Through Regenerative Engineering

The next decade will see pioneering research to regenerate musculoskeletal tissues. This will enable us to move from an era of advanced prosthetics, to what is termed as “Regenerative Engineering” which aims to regenerate complex tissues and organ systems. The paper presents an overview of the regenerative toolbox under development to address grand challenges in musculoskeletal regeneration.
Improving Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Uptake in College Students: A Socioecological Perspective.

ABSTRACTBackground: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates remain relatively low, despite new recommendations found in Healthy People 2020. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine vaccination rates, identify factors that influenced initiation/continuance of HPV vaccine series, and identify levels of influence for HPV health behaviors in college students. Methods: Two hundred first- and second-year college students completed an online survey to determine HPV knowledge, vaccine perceptions/behaviors, and Health Education sources. The socioecological model provided a framework to examine students’ responses regarding sources of influence for current and future health behaviors and vaccine uptake. Results: Forty-eight percent reported receiving the HPV vaccine, yet only 7 out of 36 males had been vaccinated. Students indicated being most influenced by community/organizational factors such as physicians (79.5%), mother (75%), and father (36%). Discussion: Gender and ethnicity were found to be...
Treatment seeking as a mechanism of change in a randomized controlled trial of a mobile health intervention to support recovery from alcohol use disorders.

Abstract Background We estimated the efficacy of the Addiction-Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (A-CHESS) in increasing the use of services for addiction and examined the extent to which this use of services mediated the effects of A-CHESS on risky drinking days and abstinence from drinking. Methods We conducted secondary data analyses of the A-CHESS randomized controlled trial. Recruitment occurred in five residential treatment programs operated by two addiction treatment organizations. Participants were 349 adults with alcohol use disorders recruited two weeks before discharge from residential treatment. We provided intervention arm participants with a smartphone, the A-CHESS application, and an 8-month service plan. Control arm participants received treatment as usual. Telephone interviews at 4, 8, and 12-month follow-ups assessed past-month risky drinking days, past-month abstinence, and post-discharge service utilization (past-month outpatient addiction treatment and past-week mutual help including Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous). Using mixed effects latent variable models, we estimated the indirect effects of A-CHESS on drinking outcomes, as mediated by post-discharge service utilization. Results Approximately 50.5% of participants reported outpatient addiction treatment and 75.5% reported mutual help at any follow-up interview in the year following randomization. Assignment to the A-CHESS intervention was associated with an increased odds of outpatient addiction treatment across follow-ups, but not mutual help. This use of outpatient addiction treatment mediated the effect of A-CHESS on risky drinking days, but not abstinence. The effect of A-CHESS through outpatient addiction treatment appeared to reduce the expected number of risky drinking days across follow-ups by 11%. Conclusions The mobile health (mHealth) intervention promoted the use of outpatient addiction treatment, which appeared to contribute to its efficacy in reducing risky drinking. Future research should investigate how mHealth interventions could link patients to needed treatment services and promote the sustained use of these services.
Controlled release of multiphoton quantum states from a microwave cavity memory

The ability to transfer quantum information from a memory to a flying qubit is important for building quantum networks. The very fast release of a multiphoton state in a microwave cavity memory into propagating modes is demonstrated.
Concurrent built-in self-testing under the constraint of shared test resources and its test time reduction

Abstract Integrated circuits testing of IP cores embedded in contemporary SoCs is costly. One common strategy to lower the cost of test is to reduce test time through concurrent testing. At present, it is well known that this approach necessitates the cores under evaluations to be assigned different I/O resources. This work demonstrates the feasibility of concurrent execution of two built-in self-tests under a multi-TAP controller design architecture but sharing the same pin group. We also show that the potential test time saved is not more than 45%. The extent of test time reduction is influenced by the length of BIST as well as the existence of test overheads.
Simulation of Equilibrium and Dynamic Properties of Large DNA Molecules

The review considers computer simulation of DNA large-scale equilibrium and dynamic properties. Much attention is paid to DNA models used in the simulations and the choice of the model parameters. The Monte Carlo procedure for simulation of DNA equilibrium properties and Brownian dynamic simulation of DNA movement in solution are described for both linear and circular DNA molecules. Accuracy of the simulations is addressed by comparing measured and computed properties of the molecules.
Reconstruction in wide-field interferometric microscopy for imaging weakly scattering biological nanoparticles with super-resolution (Conference Presentation)

Wide-field interferometric microscopy is a common-path interferometry technique that allows for label-free and high-throughput detection of weakly scattering sub-diffraction-limited biological nanoparticles. Such nanoparticles appear as diffraction-limited-spots in the image and optically resolving them beyond their ‘digital’ detection still remains a challenge owing to the diffraction barrier as well as the typical signal levels that fall below the noise floor. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of computational optics in the interference enhanced nanoparticle imaging to improve its resolving power to obtain structural information on clinically relevant and often complexed-shaped biological nanoparticles such as viruses and exosomes. We consider a spatially incoherent structured illumination based image reconstruction strategy in wide-field interferometric microscopy to achieve high contrast nanoparticle imaging with super-resolution. Our reconstruction technique makes use of the optical transfer function of the system derived via an analytical model based on angular spectrum representation. We provide experimental demonstrations using an artificial sample to quantify the resolution enhancement as well as a biological sample for concept demonstration. We also benchmark the results against gold standard images obtained using an electron microscope. Our highly-sensitive super-resolution imaging system constitutes a noncomplex optical design, which can be realized with simple modifications to a conventional epi-illumination microscope, offering a cost-effective alternative to the laborious and expensive standard high-resolution microscopy techniques. It has a broad spectrum of applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to biotechnological research.
Herbert Marcuse's Repudiation of Dialectics: From Reason and Revolution to One-Dimensional Thinking

Marxist dialectics continue to be relevant for both the study of society and political practice—a premise based on an analysis of selected works by Herbert Marcuse. In Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory, published in 1941, Marcuse draws on Hegelian dialectics to defend Marxism, and he criticizes Marxists who have abandoned the dialectic and, consequently, their revolutionary goals. By the 1960s, however, Marcuse himself had shifted from a Hegelian-Marxist standpoint to a New Left rejection of dialectics and class struggle. Even though his work was immensely popular during the 1960s among intellectuals, students and activists on the left, his anti-dialectical theories weakened the analysis and contestation of capitalism during that time. His theories were also symptomatic of a larger trend among New Left intellectuals to abandon Marxism. This critique of Marcuse's later works suggests that for our contemporary moment dialectical Marxism is more strategically viable than Marcuse's 1960s theories of one-dimensionality and the techno-industrial society. Read More: https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/siso.2018.82.3.413
Small Firms and Efficiency

Two disparate views about the impact of small firms on economic efficiency have emerged in the economics literature. On the one hand is the traditional view in the field of industrial organization that views small firms as imposing excess costs on the economy as a result of a scale of production that is too small to be efficient. According to this traditional view, the inefficient scale of operations results in lower levels of productivity for small firms and lower wages for their workers. The shift in economic activity that has taken place over the previous two decades away from large corporations and toward new and small firms is interpreted as causing a decrease in the standard of living of Americans. Shifting employment out of high-productivity and high-wage firms and into lower-productivity and lower-wage (small) firms reduces the well-being of the American population. According to this traditional view of small firms, any policies that shift economic activity out of small firms and back into large corporations should be encouraged, since they will increase the American standard of living.
Short hairpin RNAs artifactually impair cell growth and suppress clustered microRNA expression.

Functional gene disruption is a central tenet of cancer research, where novel drug targets are often identified and validated through cell-growth based knockdown studies or screens. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated mRNA knockdown is widely used in both academic and pharmaceutical settings. However, off-target effects of shRNAs as well as interference with endogenous small RNA processing have been reported. We show here that lentiviral delivery of both gene-specific and non-targeting control shRNAs impair in vitro cell growth in a sequence independent manner. In addition, exogenous shRNAs induce a depressed cell-cycle-gene expression signature that is also shRNA-sequence independent and present across several studies. Further, we observe an shRNA mediated general repression of microRNAs belonging to polycistronic genetic clusters, including microRNAs from established oncogenic microRNA clusters. The collective impact of these observations is particularly relevant for cancer research, given the widespread historical use of shRNAs and the common goal of interrogating genes that regulate proliferation. We therefore recommend that when employing shRNA for target validation, care be taken to titrate shRNA dose, use hairpin-expressing controls, perform gene-of-interest rescue experiments and/or corroborate shRNA-derived results by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic knockout. Minimizing these deleterious sequence independent effects will improve research fidelity and help address reported challenges in experimental reproducibility.
Compassionate Democrats and Tough Republicans: How Ideology Shapes Partisan Stereotypes

Trait stereotypes are a fundamental form of social cognition that influence public opinion. A long line of literature has established partisan stereotypes of politicians, but we know less about the source of these stereotypes and whether they apply to partisans in the mass public. Building on moral psychology, I argue that the public holds clear stereotypes about the moral character of mass partisans and that these stereotypes are rooted in ideology. Using a national survey, I show that Democrats and Republicans prioritize different aspects of moral character, but that these differences are more strongly linked to political ideology than partisan identity. Next, I show that much of the public holds trait stereotypes about mass partisans that reflect these differences in trait importance. Finally, I provide experimental evidence that people use partisan cues to draw stereotypical inferences about individuals, but that these inferences are more responsive to ideological information than partisan cues. Overall, the results suggest that partisan stereotypes are not merely outgroup animus, but reflect the values and motivations that differentiate the parties.
Influential Women? Policing Styles in Online Recruitment Materials:

This article tests the temporal relationship between the representation of females in policing and organizational change toward community-oriented policing. This mixed methods study involves second...
Orthopedic Spine Surgery for Patients with Cerebral Palsy

Spine surgery is a significant event for patients with cerebral palsy (CP). The most common spine surgery performed in patients with CP is spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis. Other surgical conditions in CP include cervical spondylotic myelopathy and, rarely, lumbar spondylolysis. Patients with CP bring unique challenges to the spine surgeon due to often severe deformity as well as poor baseline medical health. Due to these baseline characteristics, patients with CP are at high risk for complications after spine surgery. However, the risk to benefit ratio significantly favors surgery, which improves quality of life for both the patient and the family. Optimization of spine surgery in this patient population continues to evolve and improve outcomes. The focus of this chapter is the surgical management of spinal conditions among patients with CP.
Diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes clones from produce handling and processing facilities in the Pacific Northwest

Abstract The widespread nature of Listeria monocytogenes and its presence in soil and agricultural environments, make it a challenging pathogen to control in the produce industry. The objective of this study was to assess diversity of Listeria spp. isolates (n = 113) previously recovered from five produce handling and processing facilities in the Pacific Northwest, using molecular and antibiogram typing. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles were obtained for all isolates. L. monocytogenes isolates were also characterized using molecular serogrouping (n = 75) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST; n = 48). Most individual facilities contained a single serogroup of L. monocytogenes; two facilities were positive for serogroup 1 only and two facilities were positive for serogroup 4 only. The facility with the highest prevalence of Listeria spp. was positive for both serogroups. MLST identified 10 unique sequence types (STs) within 10 clonal complexes (CCs), with hypervirulent clones of CC2 and CC4 being overrepresented. All Listeria spp. isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline and vancomycin and resistant to cefoxitin and nalidixic acid. A high proportion (66%) of Listeria spp. isolates was resistant to clindamycin, whereas resistance to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and novobiocin was less common. Three L. monocytogenes isolates and one L. innocua isolate were multi-drug resistant (MDR; resistant to ≥3 antibiotics). While the majority of Listeria spp. remain sensitive to clinically relevant antibiotics, the presence of MDR in strains recovered from produce handling and processing environments is concerning and prompts further studies to understand the pressures driving the AMR changes in these microorganisms.
Majority of Most-Cited Articles in Top Plastic Surgery Journals Do Not Receive Funding

Background Plastic surgery faculty, residencies, and institutions are frequently judged on the quantity and quality of their research output. Some of the most impressive individuals in the specialty receive financial support in the form of grants and payments to help with research ideas. Objectives The authors sought to discern if funding directly correlates to greater impact in the top plastic surgery journals as measured by citations. Methods Using the Web of Science database, the authors identified the 50 most-cited articles in each of the top plastic surgery journals from January 1975 to August 2020. The articles were scanned for funding sources and categorized as industry, federal, foundational, and institutional, while stratifying by decade. Results Between 16 journals, 13.3% of the most-cited articles received funding, 2.6% of which came from industry, 5.4% from government, 4.4% from foundations, and 0.86% from institutions. The percentage of most-cited articles and the proportion that received funding were both correlated with decade (P = 0.0017 and P = 0.043, respectively). However, only the percentage of articles was found to significantly increase over time (P = 0.0068). Conclusions Although funding leads to meaningful publications, this study showed that financial support is not required to have an influence in plastic surgery research.
Situating Reimposition of the Automatic Stay within the Federal Common Law of Bankruptcy

Many bankruptcy judges and practitioners make broad references to the equitable powers of bankruptcy courts. One often-cited source of bankruptcy courts’ apparently vast equitable and supplemental powers is § 105(a) of the Bankruptcy Code. Section 105(a) empowers bankruptcy courts to “issue any order, process, or judgment that is necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of” the Code. Courts have used this provision to equitably toll limitations periods, surcharge exemptions, stay proceedings against third-party non-debtors, grant partial student loan discharges, and achieve other ends supported by one or another bankruptcy policy but not the text of the Code. Along with the aforementioned, § 105 is used by courts to reimpose the Bankruptcy Code’s automatic stay once it has been terminated or otherwise modified. The automatic stay enjoins all collection activities once the debtor has filed a petition for bankruptcy. Section 362 of the Code provides for the imposition of the stay, its lifting, modification, and expiration, and those times when it shall not be imposed. Nowhere in § 362, nor elsewhere in the Bankruptcy Code, however, is there a provision authorizing reinstatement of the stay. Despite the lack of a textual foundation, however, bankruptcy courts have re-imposed the stay with gusto when they believe such action is warranted by their “broad” equitable powers under § 105(a). This Article argues that bankruptcy courts are able to reimpose the stay, but not pursuant to any general grant of equitable authority. Rather, the Article asserts that courts may do so pursuant to their abilities to craft federal bankruptcy common law.
Spotted lanternfly nymphs use multiple righting behaviors during landing

Abstract Many small animals use aerial righting to mitigate the risks associated with falling, such as predation, starvation, and desiccation. Spotted lanternflies (Lycorma delicatula) (SLFs) are invasive insect pests that often fall from host plants in response to predators or abiotic factors (e.g., wind). We used high-speed video to study whether immature SLFs (nymphs) impact surfaces, and subsequently land upright, more often than expected by chance, and, if so, whether they do so via active or passive mechanisms. SLF nymphs were found to adopt a stereotypical falling posture proposed to promote passive righting, and similar to those assumed by falling insects, spiders, geckos, frogs and skydivers. Live SLF nymphs landed upright in more trials when releasing voluntarily (100%) or when dropped from tweezers (56%) than did dead specimens (33-35%), with differences being highly statistically significant, even when the dead specimens were posed in the falling posture. These results support a role for active aerial righting. The fraction landing upright also did not depend significantly either on orientation during release or at first impact. We found that significantly more live SLFs reoriented to upright after impacting in a non-upright orientation via bouncing in combination with adhering to the substrate with one or more feet. Videos of nymphs landing on leaves confirmed that these insects can use similar tactics to land upright on host plants. These findings indicate the important role post-impact righting plays in determining final orientation, and highlight the importance of studies that include ecologically-relevant substrates and naturalistic conditions. Summary statement High-speed video revealed the unexpected complexity of landing behaviors used by highly-invasive spotted lanternfly nymphs, providing new insights into a key step in understanding their dispersal and control.
Kobe Bryant: a Theoretical Approach to Understanding the Personal and Professional Life Trajectory of an Elite African American Athlete

Information about Kobe Bryant has focused primarily on his outstanding achievements as an NBA player (81 points, 2 gold medals, and an Academy Award). In addition, since his death, January 20, 2020, focus on his role as a father, husband, and mentor has emerged in the spotlight. Collectively, these traits provide a framework for acknowledging, understanding, and questioning this legend from theoretical lens. There are few theoretical perspectives in the literature to explain his behavior. The purpose of this article is to provide a foundation to stimulate academicians to discuss Kobe’s behavior and accomplishments by applying Adler and Adler’s (1989) glorified self-theory. Kobe’s accomplishments and challenges will be delineated utilizing Mead (1956 revised 2018) and Goffman (1959) as backdrop theories with DuBois (as cited by Outlaw, 2019) as the final 3-point hoop shot. Recommendations for academicians to move away from media articles in the classroom about Kobe and consider the need to encourage students to theorize utilizing classical as well as contemporary theories in their class discussions about Kobe. In this manner, the promotion of further discussion can continue in the academic arena and not only in the world of sports. As students are motivated in the academic environment, more empirical research is encouraged to provide answers to questions that many elite athletes need as they struggle with their dramaturgical self as argued by Goffman (Kivisto & Pittman, 2013). It is our expectation that future research will provide elite athletes’ negative pressures, and challenges a chance to rise (Bryan as cited by Chang, 2020).
The use of free versus in situ right internal mammary artery in coronary artery bypass grafting.

Introduction Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) continues to be the most commonly performed cardiac surgical procedure in the world. The use of multiarterial grafting may confer a long-term survival benefit over the use of vein grafts. However, there is a paucity of data comparing the use of in situ versus free right internal mammary artery (RIMA) in isolated CABG. Methods Patients that underwent isolated CABG between 2010 and 2018 where RIMA was used in addition to a left internal mammary artery graft. Patients with prior cardiac surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention were excluded. Propensity matching was used for subanalysis. Mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox multivariable regression. Heart failure-specific readmissions were assessed with cumulative incidence curves with Fine and Gray competing risk regression. Results A total of 667 patients underwent isolated CABG. Of those, 422 had free RIMA and 245 had in situ RIMA utilized. Mortality was similar between cohorts (p = 0.199) with 5-year mortality rates of 6.6% (free) and 4.1% (in situ). MACCE was similar between cohorts, with 5-year event rates of 33.6% and 33.9% (p = 0.99). RIMA style was not a significant predictor of any outcome. Conclusion There was no difference in long-term mortality, complications, MACCE, or heart failure readmissions when comparing a contemporary cohort of patients undergoing isolated CABG utilizing RIMA as a conduit. These data may allow surgeons to consider using RIMA either as an in situ or a free conduit.
Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries: Evaluation: Radiologic Evaluation

Advanced imaging is critical in the evaluation of adult preganglionic brachial plexus injury. The identification of nerve root avulsions is a vital component of prognostication and surgical decision-making. The principal modalities used to assess injuries proximal to the dorsal root ganglia are conventional myelography, CT myelography, and MRI, including myelography-type MRI sequences. In this chapter, the imaging modalities, normal imaging anatomy, and imaging findings of preganglionic brachial plexus injury in adult non-penetrating trauma will be considered. Although CT myelography is considered the imaging gold standard and probably the first choice for advanced imaging in adults at most centers, MRI also offers excellent diagnostic performance. Due to their differing strengths and weaknesses, the two modalities are considered complementary at many institutions. Both modalities can detect the hallmark primary findings of preganglionic brachial plexus injury: nerve root avulsions (complete or partial) and pseudomeningocele formation. Secondary findings of preganglionic brachial plexus injury may also be observed, typically better on MRI. These findings include injury of the spinal cord, physiologic findings such as nerve root enhancement or denervation changes in the paraspinal muscles, and, uncommonly, CSF leak or superficial siderosis.
The Application of Behavior Modification Technology to the Alleviation of Selected Social Problems

The application of behavior modification technology to the alleviation of various social problems is reviewed. Specific items discussed are: energy consumption, pollution control, token economies, architectural control of behavior, welfare, worker performance, social action, crime, and social integration. Where relevant, specific studies are summarized. Future developments and implications for social work practice are reviewed briefly. iPreparation of this manuscript was facilitated through funding from U.S.P.H.S. research grant MH18813 and MH21905, awarded by the National Institute of Mental Health, Center for Studies of Crime and Deliquency, research grant NECO030114 awarded by the National Institute of Education and research grant awarded by the Energy Research and Development Administration.
The Nephropathy of Acute Choline Deficiency in Germfree, Conventionalized and Open Animal Room Rats

Weanling rats fed diets deficient in choline develop fatty livers promptly and bilateral renal cortical hemorrhagic necrosis within a period of 6–8 days. Impairment of the mobilization of fat from the liver because of the low availability of methyl donor compounds appears to be the cause of the liver fat accumulation. The mechanism of the development of the nephropathy is poorly understood.
Medium voltage drives: what does the future hold?

Medium voltage industrial AC drives have been in use for a number of decades. The technology has evolved and is well accepted today, however, one medium voltage drive can look quite different from the next. This paper will review the present topologies implemented by manufacturers. It will discuss new and enabling technologies which could impact medium voltage drives in the future. An example of such a technology is the power semiconductor device. Its present state and possible evolution will be presented along with the potential impact on medium voltage drive topologies. The paper will conclude with a hypothesis of a future medium voltage industrial AC drive accounting for the needs of the end user
Gaussian ray basis functions for EM fields and their applications in rapid analysis of parabolic reflector antennas

A modified geometrical optics (GO) field with a Gaussian exponential amplitude taper resembling the far zone behavior of a conventional Gaussian beam (GB) is presented. Unlike a well-focused GB which is narrow in its angular spread but is spatially wide, the modified GB field presented remains small in both the angular and spatial domains in much the same manner as does a discrete GO ray tube. Such a modified GO field is referred to as a Gaussian ray basis function (GRBF) because a scalar (acoustic) wave field can be expanded in a set of GRBFs In much the same fashion as one can expand a wave field in terms of Gaussian beams (GBs); also, within its region of validity, the GRBF can be shown to satisfy the wave equation within the asymptotic high frequency approximation. Furthermore, the scalar GRBF can be extended in a simple manner to obtain a GRBF for the vector electromagnetic (EM) case. A direct application of the GRBFs is for rapidly analyzing the high frequency EM radiation from an electrically large reflector antenna.
Integration of conducting polymer micro- and nano-actuators with semiconductor photonic devices

In this work, PPy (polypyrrole) doped with DBS (dodecylbenzenesulfonate) anions is used as actuators or "artificial muscles". Microactuators described in this study are fabricated by electrochemically polymerizing PPy on patterned Au thin film deposited on a Si pn junction. A PPy nanostructure has been fabricated on a semiconductor substrate, enabling future integration with electronic or photonic devices.
Fluoride intake in early infancy.

A l'occasion du congres sur les limites superieures des nutriments dans les laits en poudre destines a l'alimentation des nourrissons, nous faisons le point sur la consommation journaliere de fluor chez des nourrissons (nourris avec des laits en poudre) et des enfants sur la biodisponibilite du fluor dans les laits en boite et sur les risques de fluorose dentaire. Valeur maximale en fluor dans les aliments pour nourrissons
Self-matched Patterns, Golomb Rulers, and Sequence Reconstruction

The reconstruction of an unknown target sequence from the collection of its subsequences is a problem originating in computational biology (sequencing by hybridization), but with combinatorial significance in its own right. Retracing the history of the topic, this paper explores the power of the subsequence pattern in extracting information from the target, and proposes a new class of effective patterns, named self-matched, characterized by their autocorrelation function.
The Two Latin Cultures and the Foundation of Renaissance Humanism in Medieval Italy

Introduction Part I. The Two Latin Cultures of Medieval Italy: 1. The Carolingian conquest 2. Italy and the Ottonian renaissance 3. The golden age of traditional book culture and the birth of a new book culture (1000-1075) Part II. The Birth of New Order: 4. The investiture conflict and the emergence of the communes Part III. The Dominance of the Legal-Rhetorical Mentality: 5. The triumph of the legal culture 6. The institutional structure of education, 1100-1180 7. Literary creativity in an age of intensifying legal-rhetorical culture Part IV. The French Renaissance of the Twelfth Century: 8. French literary and scholarly achievement in the twelfth century Part V. Toward a Broader Intellectual Life: 9. The destabilization of the elites and the expanding market for education 10. New knowledge and the tempering of the legal-rhetorical culture 11. The development of the traditional disciplines and the resolution of the crisis of language 12. The return to antiquity Conclusion Appendix.
Amino acid sequences surrounding the sulfhydryl groups of the A protein subunit of the Escherichia coli tryptophan synthetase.

Abstract The following sequences of amino acids surrounding the three sulfhydryl groups of the Escherichia coli tryptophan synthetase A protein were established: Sequence I, Gly-Ile-Asp-Glu-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Gln-Cys-Glu-Lys-Val-Gly-Val-Asp-Ser-Val-Leu-Val-Ala-Asp-Val-Gln-Glu-Ser-Ala-Pro-Phe-Arg; Sequence II, Arg-Ala-Phe-Ala-Ala-Gly-Val-Thr-Pro-Ala-Gln-Cys-Phe-Glu-Met-Leu-Ala-Leu-Ile-Arg; Sequence III, Arg-His-Asn-Val-Ala-Pro-Ile-Phe-Ile-Cys-Pro-Pro-Asn-Ala-Asp-Asp-Asp-Leu-Leu-Arg.... Conventional methods of sequence analysis were used with performic acid-oxidized protein and S-β-aminoethyl protein prepared by reaction with cyclic 14C-ethyleneimine. Studies on the chemical modification of the A protein with ethyleneimine indicated that a net of 2 cysteine residues are essential for enzymatic activity, supporting the results of previous studies with iodoacetate.