cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Cdc55 in the Spindle Checkpoint Is through Regulation of Mitotic Exit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cdc55, a B-type regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, has been implicated in mitotic spindle checkpoint activity and maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion during metaphase. The spindle checkpoint is composed of two independent pathways, one leading to inhibition of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition by checkpoint proteins, including Mad2, and the other to inhibition of mitotic exit by Bub2. We show that Cdc55 is a negative regulator of mitotic exit. A cdc55 mutant, like a bub2 mutant, prematurely releases Cdc14 phosphatase from the nucleolus during spindle checkpoint activation, and premature exit from mitosis indirectly leads to loss of sister chromatid cohesion and inviability in nocodazole. The role of Cdc55 is separable from Bub2 and inhibits release of Cdc14 through a mechanism independent of the known negative regulators of mitotic exit. Epistasis experiments indicate Cdc55 acts either downstream or independent of the mitotic exit network kinase Cdc15. Interestingly, the B-type cyclin Clb2 is partially stable during premature activation of mitotic exit in a cdc55 mutant, indicating mitotic exit is incomplete.
The EEOC charge priority policy and claimants with psychiatric disabilities.

OBJECTIVE: In June 1995 the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) instituted a new charge priority policy. Under the new policy, charges are classified as one of three priority levels during or immediately after intake. Only charges assigned a high priority receive a full investigation. This paper examines the effect of the charge priority policy on individuals with psychiatric disabilities who filed Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) charges with the EEOC. METHODS: Using data extracted from the EEOC's charge data system, the authors analyzed all 66,298 ADA claims prioritized and closed between June 1995 and March 1998. The z test for difference in proportions and the generalized estimating equations procedure were used. The primary outcome measure was the priority assignment received by ADA claimants. RESULTS: Charges that received a high priority assignment were more likely to result in benefits for claimants. Charges filed by claimants with psychiatric disabilities were significantly l...
Impact of stromal microenvironment on metabolic phenotypes in breast cancer: evidence for stroma-influenced Warburg effect

Background Cancer cells have altered metabolism, with an increased rate of glucose uptake, increased glycolysis, and due to the Warburg phenomenon, increased production of biomass (amino acids and nucleic acids) as metabolic byproducts. Association of these metabolic changes with breast cancer subtype and tumor gene expression has not been evaluated, nor is it well understood what biological processes and characteristics are most important in driving altered metabolic state in breast cancer.
Teaching medical ethics: is it a waste of time?

The paper by Dr. Myles Sheehan “Why Doctors Hate Medical Ethics” (which would, I think, perhaps have been better entitled “Why Doctors in Training Hate Medical Ethics”) highlights some of the problems of teaching ethics to an extremely weary group of house officers who may look at ethics as a waste of time, as a requirement that must be overcome, or as “a lot of crap” Although Dr. Shee-han's paper offers a number of interesting and valuable insights, it really fails to say why residents hate the teaching of medical ethics any more than they may hate any other conference which, inevitably, intrudes on their time. In this response, I do not so much want to take issue with Sheehan's paper as to comment and to offer some of my own experiences teaching ethics. To do so, I am fully aware, may be regarded as matching anecdote with anecdote, a tiresome and ultimately futile process.
Judges’ Reactions to Ohio’s “Jessica’s Law”:

In 2007, Ohio lawmakers passed that state’s version of “Jessica’s law” (Senate Bill [SB] 260), which mandates severe prison terms for sex offenses against very young children. Using data from a survey of Ohio judges administered right after SB 260’s passage, the authors found that a majority opposed the new law, as predicted. However, no relationship between political party preference and overall assessment of SB 260 was found, challenging the assumption that judicial “leniency” would explain opposition to the harsh penalties. Instead, quantitative and qualitative data showed that judges who disliked SB 260 feared the loss of judicial discretion and excessively harsh sentences for relatively less serious sex offenders. Opposing judges also perceived SB 260 as derived from cynical politics and popular ignorance. The potential value of consulting practitioner perspectives on sentencing enhancements and considerations for addressing moral panic–driven crime legislation in the long run are explored.
Of Frogs & Rhetoric: The Atrazine Wars

In a scientific dispute over the effects of atrazine on amphibians, chemical industry–funded and publically funded scientists present stunningly contrasting constructions of atrazine's environmental concentrations, persistence, and potential to harm. Considerable scientific uncertainties and variable ranges allow authors to construct preferred versions of the story of atrazine. These incommensurate rhetorical constructions, more the result of competing economic and environmental interests than of any paradigmatic misalignments, have prolonged the dispute not only over atrazine's effects but also over whether its sales should be banned.
Weighing Materials in Rare Book and Manuscript Libraries as a Security Measure against Theft and Vandalism

Rare book and manuscript materials have long been and continue to be obvious targets for thieves. 1 No system for completely deterring or detecting such people has ever been devised, despite numerous security improvements over the years and heightened awareness of the problem among custodians of these materials. Any number of highly effective measures to prevent theft seem obvious and well known. One could, for example, completely collate every book before it was issued to a reader and then collate it again when the book was turned back in. Or, one could completely inventory the contents of a manuscript folder when . . .
Large clinical trials in musculoskeletal trauma: are they possible? Lessons learned from the international study of the use of rhBMP-2 in open tibial fractures.

As a result of medical complexity and urgent care needs, the trauma patient population has not been considered conducive to study with use of traditional clinical trial designs. Efforts to enhance the scientific rigor of clinical research in musculoskeletal trauma have highlighted several key outstanding needs that have not been met by most clinical studies to date. Large multicenter trials, international trials, large cohort outcome studies, and cost-benefit analyses are generally lacking in the orthopaedic trauma literature. There is an opportunity for clinical trials to produce broadly accepted treatment protocols. Clinical care today for patients with musculoskeletal injury is shaped by cohort studies and a limited number of controlled trials with low statistical power; the results are difficult to interpret or pool. Therefore, the literature is of limited value for meta-analyses. Most studies still include one or only a few centers, which results in limited external validity. There are minimal data on health resource costs and quality of life. Central to many of these limitations is the fact that the consistency of the definition of fracture union as an outcome has generally not been carefully analyzed, yet it is a widely reported clinical outcome measure. This review is by no means an attempt to provide an exhaustive tutorial on how to conduct clinical trials. The intent is to highlight several aspects of clinical research on patients with injury that are frequently overlooked. These include the importance of pilot studies; clinical site selection; patient enrollment; definitions of end points and outcomes assessment; safety monitoring; laboratory issues; data monitoring; and the analysis, interpretation, and reporting of results. A few comments on the use of data as an ongoing monitoring tool and the interpretation of results are also presented. Examples are drawn from the clinical development of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) …
THE ROOTS OF SOTUTA: DZITAS SLATE AS A YUCATECAN TRADITION

The Sotuta pottery complex has been used in the archaeology of the northern Maya lowlands to identify the Terminal Classic period and cultural association with Chichen Itza. The Sotuta complex, however, is made up of many pottery types, the majority of which are inappropriate markers of elite sociopolitical history. It is argued here that Sotuta-complex slate wares developed out of previous local slate wares regardless of the elite sociopolitical changes taking place with the arrival of the Itza. The wares produced and distributed by commoners were independent of elites and have been artificially chained to questions of elite political expansion for which they are inappropriate correlates.
Reclamation, the Army, and Hoover Dam during World War II

Based largely on research into the federal archival record, this paper, an abridged version of the original study, examines the efforts by Reclamation and the Army—who did not always agree—in protecting Hoover Dam, with major events of World War II woven into the narrative to provide global context. This interpretive structure will illustrate how defense priorities shifted as the war evolved, how the Army assigned higher priorities to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' hydropower dams than Reclamation's, and how the Army sent its worst soldiers to the desert to protect Hoover Dam. Also mentioned is the sole material remnant of this protection effort, a fortified machine gun bunker that sits above the dam. It not only serves as a symbol of the war effort, it is soon slated to become a historic interpretive site.
Regression Study to Standardize Piezoelectric Axial Fatigue Testing

A hierarchical Bayesian approach is used to investigate the influence of test variables on a piezoelectric, ultrasonic axial fatigue setup. Motivation behind this investigation is two-fold: timely empirical characterization of high cycle fatigue (HCF) life would be ideal for structural assessment of critical turbine engine components; and a standardized method to control and optimize high rate cyclic loading is necessary for certified fatigue life characterization. The variables observed in this study describe forced response amplitude, material lot, test duration, test approach, specimen fastening interface, and excitation controls. Of the 12 test variables observed, five proved to have significant influence on experimental fatigue results of 54 Aluminum 6061-T6 dogbone specimens. These findings are instrumental for optimization and standardization of ultrasonic fatigue testing and empirical HCF assessment.
The Colonic-Jejunal Reflex in the Dog.

In a study of the influence of treadmill running on jejunal Thiry fistula motility in the dog, variable results were secured. Thus at times there was complete inhibition of motility and reduced tone during the running, whereas at other times the motility was little modified. Chance observations, on several occasions, associated balking, attempts to sit down, and defecations while running with reduced jejunal tone and motility. The plausibility of the notion that all of these “misbehaviors” might be expressions of the defecatory reflex and thus have an ultimate seat in colonic activity and that this might help to untangle the mechanism by which exercise operates on the jejunum, led us to investigate more specifically into the influence of colonic stimulation on the jejunal motility and tone. Two approaches appeared obvious: 1. To observe the jejunal motility when the colon is expressly stimulated as by distension. 2. To observe simultaneously the spontaneous activity of jejunum and colon at rest and during...
Functional pattern of sacral root stimulation in dogs. I. Micturition.

Abstract Prior to this study, electrostimulation of the ventral sacral roots had only limited success inevacuation of the bladder because dyssynergic sphincter contraction simultaneously increasedurethral resistance. Thus, pudendal nerve blockade, pudendal neurotomy, selective peripheralneurotomy, or external sphincterotomy for reduction of sphincteric resistance seemed inevitable. Toavoid those procedures we used electrical sphincter fatigue to induce effective micturition withstimulation of the ventral sacral roots. Stimuli of 200 Hz frequency rapidly fatigue the dyssynergic sphincteric response but not the desired detrusor contraction, eliminating the need of interference with the sphincteric activity.
Analysis of synchronized sampling accident in digital substation and comprehensive error correction time calibration scheme using varied time window

The main transformer tripping accident of digital substation caused by synchronized sampling is analyzed. The risk analysis of time calibration and synchronized sampling which possibly happen in digital substation is made, and then four causes leading time synchronization error are summarized. A comprehensive strategy named scalable time windows strategy, which has the ability of strong error correction, is proposed. In this strategy, different measures are taken to cope with five types of synchronization conditions possibly occurring in the merge unit. Because of this, the strategy can reduce the possibility of receiving interference signals while maintaining a reasonable scale of window width. Theoretical analysis and engineering data show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the anti-jamming ability of time calibration system in digital substations, and enhance the reliability of protection devices.
Implementation of Computer-delivered Brief Alcohol Intervention in HIV Clinical Settings: Who Agrees to Participate?

Objective: Addressing alcohol use in primary HIV settings can improve medical outcomes and overall quality of life of persons living with HIV (PLWH). In order to assess the feasibility of computer-delivered brief alcohol intervention (CBI) and to inform future efforts to improve access to CBI, we examined patient-level sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics associated with agreement to participate in CBI among nontreatment seeking PLWH with alcohol misuse. Methods: Participants were recruited from two Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR) Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) HIV clinics. PLWH completed a clinical assessment of patient-reported measures and outcomes using tablet-based assessments, including socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics. HIV biological indicators, i.e., CD4 count and viral load, were also available from the electronic medical record. Participants were approached for CBI participation based on scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); no incentives were offered for CBI participation. We performed chi-square tests, analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression to compare socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical factors among participants who agreed to participate compared with those who refused/postponed participation. Results: We observed that 42% of non-treatment seeking, non-incentivized PLWH with alcohol misuse provided written agreement to participate in on-site CBI delivered in their HIV primary care clinic. A larger proportion of PLWH who agreed to enroll in CBI had detectable viral loads, heavier weekly alcohol use, and higher DSM-5 alcohol use disorder symptom counts and mental health symptoms. Neither socio-demographic background nor drug use status was associated with CBI enrollment. Conclusion: CBI implementation reached those patients most in need of care. The findings of this study may assist HIV-care providers to better identify appropriate patients and initiate discussions to facilitate the participation of PLWH in alcohol intervention services.
Three Tasks of Financial Reform towards Public——Regulation on Expenditure Structure 、Transparence and Duty Fulfillment

Public finance is the economic basis of public management and social management,meanwhile the operation system and game regulation of public finance is a part of superstructure as political institution.To establish the frame of public finance,it needs reforms in all its bearings towards economic system and political system.The key task is:the first is to adjust financial expenditure composition to meet the public demands;the second is to increase the transparence of finance to be sure to make the public understand and supervise the operation of finance;the third is to ascertain the financial responsibility and let the rights to be fully restricted.The core of the last two tasks is democracy and rule by law,aiming at setting up a systemic base of public finance,the key is to rebuild governmental budget system.According to the governmental audit report over the years,it is unusual urgent,considerably hard and extremely important to resolve this problem.
The Therapy for Hypothalamic-Pituitary Tumors

Pituitary-hypothalamic tumors may profoundly affect endocrine functions. Although these are generally rare tumors of the central nervous system, they prominently figure into the differential diagnosis of children and adolescents with disorders of growth or puberty.
Crohn's Disease of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus

The varied presentations and complexities of Crohn's disease involving the colon, rectum, and anus mandate decisions that can challenge even the most experienced surgeon. Symptomatic large-bowel disease, with its number of operative indications, is often amenable to resection that maintains intestinal continuity with acceptable rates of recurrence. Disease of the anus, occurring with or without proximal disease, typically is treated in a conservative manner, although occasional definitive treatment may yield improved results. As Crohn's disease is recognized as incurable, the treatment options discussed focus on the amelioration of symptoms while optimizing function without risking excessive morbidity.
Maximizing a class of submodular utility functions with constraints

Motivated by stochastic 0---1 integer programming problems with an expected utility objective, we study the mixed-integer nonlinear set: $$P = \big \{(w,x)\in \mathbb {R}\times \left\{ 0,1\right\} ^N: w \le f(a'x + d), b'x \le B\big \}$$P={(w,x)?R×0,1N:w≤f(a?x+d),b?x≤B} where N is a positive integer, $$f:\mathbb {R}\mapsto \mathbb {R}$$f:R?R is a concave function, $$a, b \in \mathbb {R}^N$$a,b?RN are nonnegative vectors, d is a real number and B is a positive real number. We propose a family of inequalities for the convex hull of P by exploiting submodularity of the function $$f(a'x + d)$$f(a?x+d) over $$\{0,1\}^N$${0,1}N and the knapsack constraint $$b'x \le B$$b?x≤B. Computational effectiveness of the proposed inequalities within a branch-and-cut framework is illustrated using instances of an expected utility capital budgeting problem.
Strategies for enhancing diverse mentoring relationships in STEM fields

Developing effective opposite-race mentorships in the [science, technology, engineering and mathematics] STEM fields may contribute to minority student retention. Paying attention to the dynamics of race within the protege's professional and psychosocial growth may positively influence academic advancement and professional longevity. The current paper will provide mentors with a suggested mentorship style and self-assessment activities to help uncover their typical broaching style when exploring racial issues with proteges. The evaluations provided are not diagnostic; rather, the activities afford mentors a self-reflection opportunity, which should contribute to the mentor's own growth, and could positively impact the development of a successful, cross-race mentorship.
2016 Update on Medical Overuse: A Systematic Review.

Importance Overuse of medical care is an increasingly recognized problem in clinical medicine. Objective To identify and highlight original research articles published in 2015 that are most likely to reduce overuse of medical care, organized into 3 categories: overuse of testing, overtreatment, and questionable use of services. The articles were reviewed and interpreted for their importance to clinical medicine. Evidence Review A structured review of English-language articles on PubMed published in 2015 and review of tables of contents of relevant journals to identify potential articles that related to medical overuse in adults. Findings Between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015, we reviewed 1445 articles, of which 821 addressed overuse of medical care. Of these, 112 were deemed most relevant based on their originality, methodologic quality, and number of patients potentially affected. The 10 most influential articles were selected by consensus using the same criteria. Findings included a doubling of specialty referrals and advanced imaging for simple headache (from 6.7% in 2000 to 13.9% in 2010); unnecessary hospital admission for low-risk syncope, often leading to adverse events; and overly frequent colonoscopy screening for 34% of patients. Overtreatment was common in the following areas: 1 in 4 patients with atrial fibrillation at low risk for thromboembolism received anticoagulation; 94% of testosterone replacement therapy was administered off guideline recommendations; 91% of patients resumed taking opioids after overdose; and 61% of patients with diabetes were treated to potentially harmfully low hemoglobin A 1c levels ( Clostridium difficile with molecular assays; and serial follow-up of benign thyroid nodules. Conclusions and Relevance The number of articles on overuse of medical care nearly doubled from 2014 to 2015. The present review promotes reflection on the top 10 articles and may lead to questioning other non–evidence-based practices.
Elevated FVIII Predicts Subsequent Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack (S42.004)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if elevation of the coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) drives worse outcomes and predicts subsequent thrombotic events in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). BACKGROUND: Elevated FVIII (eFVIII) is associated with increased risk of thrombotic events such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) and myocardial infarction (MI). It has also been associated with poor functional outcome and increased risk of in-hospital thrombotic events in the setting of AIS. However, the role of FVIII elevation in TIA patients has yet to be examined. DESIGN/METHODS: From our prospective stroke registry, patients with a primary diagnosis of TIA between October 2008 and January 2015, who also had FVIII levels measured on admission, were included. The primary outcome of interest was future thrombotic events (FTE) defined as subsequent TIA, AIS, DVT/PE, or MI. Bivariate analyses were conducted comparing characteristics of patients with eFVIII (>150[percnt]) and normal FVIII (nFVIII) (<150[percnt]). Multivariate regressions, with and without adjustment for age, baseline NIHSS score, and baseline glucose level, were conducted. RESULTS: Of 63 patients meeting criteria, 41 patients (65.07[percnt]) had eFVIII. Patients differed significantly with respect to history of hypertension (p=0.016) and diabetes (p=0.017). Of the patients with eFVIII, 29.3[percnt] were readmitted for AIS and 31.7[percnt] for TIA. Patients in the eFVIII group compared to the nFVIII group had nearly 13 times greater odds of a subsequent AIS admission after adjustment (p=0.035). Although unadjusted regressions for the composite variable of FTE were not significant (p=0.139), the fully adjusted analysis was close (p=0.051). CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, eFVIII was associated with increased risk of a subsequent AIS admission. These findings may indicate a greater risk for other future thrombotic events in post-TIA patients with eFVIII and begs the question as to optimal antithrombotic therapy in this population. Disclosure: Dr. Semmes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Monlezun, Jr has nothing to disclose. Dr. Samai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martin-Schild has received personal compensation for activities with Genentech.
Advancing NMDA Receptor Physiology by Integrating Multiple Approaches

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and are essential to all aspects of brain function, including learning and memory formation. Missense mutations distributed throughout NMDAR subunits have been associated with an array of neurological disorders. Recent structural, functional, and computational studies have generated many insights into the activation process connecting glutamate binding to ion-channel opening, which is central to NMDAR physiology and pathophysiology. The field appears poised for breakthroughs, including the exciting prospect of resolving the conformations and energetics of elementary steps in the activation process, and atomic-level modeling of the effects of missense mutations on receptor function. The most promising strategy going forward is through strong integration of multiple approaches.
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia Associated With Autoantibodies: A Large Case Series Followed Over 1 Year.

Background Some patients with autoimmune characteristics and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, particularly usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), do not fit neatly into the category of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), or recently proposed yet to be validated criteria for interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF). Outcomes of these patients are unknown. Methods This was a retrospective single-center study. Analyses of variance compared differences in mean change in FVC and diffusion capacity (Dlco) over 1 year among 124 well-defined patients (20 patients with positive autoantibodies with or without symptoms of connective tissue disease [AI-ILD], 15 patients with IPAF, 36 patients with CTD-ILD, and 53 patients with IPF with negative CTD serologies [Lone-IPF]). Results Of the patients, 75% with AI-ILD, 33% with IPAF, and 33% with CTD-ILD had UIP. Initial FVC and Dlco were similarly moderately reduced across groups. Mean change in FVC over 12 months was as follows: −60 mL (IPAF), −110 mL (AI-ILD), −10 mL (CTD-ILD), and −90 mL (Lone-IPF) ( P = .52). Mean change in Dlco was as follows: 2.39 mL/mm Hg/min (IPAF), −1.15 mL/mm Hg/min (AI-ILD), −0.27 mL/mm Hg/min (CTD-ILD), and −1.05 mL/mm Hg/min (Lone-IPF) ( P P = .001). Conclusions No clinically significant differences in pulmonary function to distinguish between patients with AI-ILD, IPAF, CTD-ILD, and Lone-IPF were observed after 1 year. Longer periods of follow-up are needed to understand the outcomes of these patients. It is not yet clear whether AI-ILD is a distinct phenotype or a variant of the newly proposed entity IPAF.
Basophilic Blast Phase (B-BP) of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML).

Abstract Approximately 65% of patients with CMP BP exhibit a myeloid phenotype, 30% a lymphoid, and 5% of cases have and undifferentiated or mixed phenotype. Although basophilia is a common feature in both the peripheral blood and the bone marrow during the chronic phase of the disease, transformation to B-BP is a rare occurrence with only anecdotal cases reported. To evaluate the incidence and outcome of B-BP, we reviewed 410 patients with CML who underwent transformation to BP at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between January 1999 and April 2007. Of them, only 2 (0.5%) cases were diagnosed as having B-BP. CASE 1: a 19-year-old woman with CML in accelerated phase (AP) failed allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), autologous SCT, IFN-α, splenectomy, and gemtuzumab. In 10/00 started imatinib therapy at 400 mg/d, achieving a complete hematologic response (CHR) that lasted until 04/03 when she transformed to BP. Gentuzumab was again administered and rendered a CHR, after which she immediately received SCT from her haploidentical mother, resulting in a complete molecular response (CMR) that lasted until 6/05. Therapy with imatinib 800 mg/d was unsuccessful. In 7/05 her white cell count (WBC) was 44x109/L with 25% blasts and 28% basophils. A bone marrow (BM) biopsy showed the presence of 36% blasts with coarse basophilic granules (negative for myeloperoxidase [MPO] and butyrate esterase) and 38% basophils. Flow cytometry demonstrated 65% blastic cells with positive markers of myeloid lineage (CD11c, CD13, CD33) without immaturity markers (CD34, HLA-DR, TDT) B or T lymphoid markers (CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD2, CD3, CD5) or other myeloid markers (CD14, CD15, CD65, MPO). Cytogenetics revealed an isochromosome 17, +8, and t(9;22) in 19/20 metaphases. A b3a2 BCR-ABL1 (p210) transcript with no evidence of mutations within the kinase domain was detected. Given her critical condition the patient was received only supportive care and died shortly thereafter. CASE 2: a 39-year-old woman was diagnosed with CML in chronic phase (CP) in 12/04. She failed therapy with IFN-α, allo-SCT, DLI, imatinib 800 mg/d, PR1 vaccine, matched unrelated donor SCT, imatinib 800 mg/d in combination with tipifarnib, and nilotinib 600 mg twice daily, after which she progressed to BP. A CBC revealed a WBC of 21x109/L with 29% blasts and 66% basophils. A hypercellular BM biopsy revealed 44% blasts (MPO negative) with large cytoplasmic granules and 45% basophils. Blast exhibited an immunophenotype characterized by positivity of myeloid markers, negativity of MPO, B and T cell markers, and partial positivity of CD117. Karyotypic analysis showed that 16/19 metaphases carried t(9;22), −16, add(17)(p13). Molecular studies detected a e1a2 p190 BCR-ABL1 transcript. Therapy with dasatinib 70 mg twice daily for 16 weeks was ineffective and the patient was referred to hospice care. In conclusion, B-BP is a rare subtype of BP CML that exhibits high resistance to standard chemotherapy, allo-SCT, and targeted BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors.
Thermomechanical model development and in situ experimental validation of the Laser Powder-Bed Fusion process

Abstract A three-dimensional finite element model is developed to allow for the prediction of temperature, residual stress, and distortion in multi-layer Laser Powder-Bed Fusion builds. Undesirable residual stress and distortion caused by thermal gradients are a common source of failure in AM builds. A non-linear thermoelastoplastic model is combined with an element coarsening strategy in order to simulate the thermal and mechanical response of a significant volume of deposited material (38 layers and 91 mm3). It is found that newly deposited layers experience the greatest amount of tensile stress, while layers beneath are forced into compressive stress. The residual stress evolution drives the mechanical response of the workpiece. The model is validated by comparing the predicted in situ and post process distortion to experimental measurements taken on the same geometry. The model accurately predicts the distortion of the workpiece (5% error).
The Automated Public Sphere

This chapter describes the documented, negative effects of online propagandists’’ interventions in both electoral politics and the broader public sphere. It then proposes several legal and educational tactics to mitigate their power, or to encourage or require them to exercise it responsibly. The chapter offers a concession to the suspicious of governmental intervention in the public sphere: some regimes are too authoritarian and generally unreliable to be trusted with extensive powers of regulation over media, or intermediaries. Regulators need to be able to understand how some racist or anti-Semitic groups and individuals are manipulating search and social media feeds. The US election featured deeply disturbing stories about manipulation of social media for political ends. The chapter concludes that the inadvisability of extensive media regulation in disordered societies only makes the agenda more urgent in well-ordered societies, lest predictable pathologies of the automated public sphere accelerate the degradation of their democracies.
Re-description of two new records and description of Neoseiulella kazaki sp. nov. (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Turkey

Abstract A survey was carried out to determine the native Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata) species in Kasnak Oak Forest Nature Reserve, southwestern Turkey, an extremely reach forest habitat. In this study, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) commenticius Livshitz & Kuznetsov and Typhloseiulus calabriae (Ragusa & Swirski) are reported for the first time in Turkey. In addition, Neoseiulella kazaki sp. nov. is described based on two adult females. The species newly recorded are re-described to allow the determination of intraspecific variations.
Maximum Likelihood Transfer Function Modelling

A state-space realization of the transfer-function model of Box and Jenkins (1976) is used to compute the exact Gaussian likelihood of the stationary input-output series, (X t’ Y t),t = 1,…,n, and to compute the exact linear mean-square predictor of the output Y t+h based on (X t’ Y t),t = 1,…,n. We show how to use the state-space formulation for model selection with the A1C criterion and for the analysis of data with missing values in either or both of the input and output series. An extension of the argument (discussed elsewhere) can also be used for the analysis of transfer function models with non-stationary input and output sequences. The results are illustrated with reference to the Leading Indicator — Sales Data of Box and Jenkins.
Materials and design concepts for space-resilient structures

Abstract Space exploration and terraforming nearby planets have been fascinating concepts for the longest time. Nowadays, that technological advancements with regard to space exploration are thriving, it is only a matter of time before humans can start colonizing nearby moons and planets. This paper presents a state-of-the-art literature review on recent developments of “space-native” construction materials, and highlights evolutionary design concepts for “space-resilient” structures (i.e., colonies and habitats). This paper also details effects of harsh (and unique) space environments on various terrestrial and extraterrestrial construction materials, as well as on space infrastructure and structural systems. The feasibility of exploiting available space resources in terms of “in-situ resource utilization” and “harvesting of elements and compounds”, as well as emergence of enabling technologies such as “cultured (lab-grown)” space construction materials are discussed. Towards the end of the present review, number of limitations and challenges facing Lunar and Martian exploration, and venues in-need for urgent research are identified and examined.
Deadtime Elimination in a GaN-Based Grid-Connected Differential-Mode Ćuk Inverter

In this letter, the effect of deadtime in a gallium nitride (GaN) based grid-connected differential-mode Cuk converter with high-frequency (HF) transformer isolation is analyzed. It is shown that different levels of lower order harmonics appear in the grid current depending on the power factor of an operation. Utilizing the leakage inductance of the HF transformer, the deadtime is suitably eliminated to result in an improved grid-current total harmonic distortion (THD). Experimental results support the proposed solution.
An Introduction to In Vitro Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques

A molecular microbiology detection procedure consists of three basic components: (1) nucleic acid extraction, (2) amplification, and (3) detection/identification. Over the past two decades, the development and optimization of a series of in vitro nucleic acid amplification (NAA) technologies has opened new avenues in diagnostic microbiology for the detection, identification, and characterization of pathogenic organisms [1–3]. These techniques promise to replace traditional culture-based biological replication of live microbial pathogens by enzymatic amplification of specific nucleic acid sequences. These techniques have reduced the dependency of the clinical microbiology laboratory on cultured-based methods and created new opportunities for the field of microbiology to enhance patient care.
Community Elites and Power Structure

Where has the study of community elites in the United States gone? Has anyone read any good research lately on the structure (inclusion, exclusion, etc.) or influence (power) of community or local elites? At a time when media, both local and national, are screaming about the liberal elite or the conservative elite, it is hard to follow the power/community elite research trail begun by sociologists in the mid-twentieth century. How did we come to this juncture where community elite studies as a field is practically nonexistent and studies of community or local elites are, at best, hard to find? It is the intention of this chapter to follow (using the guidance of particularly adept meta-analyses) the historical trajectory and great debates of elite studies (largely within sociology but with help from political scientists and network and management theorists) to the point at which they very nearly dropped off and were largely replaced (in organizational sociology, anyway) with studies of increasingly national “inner circles” (Useem, 1984) and interlocking directorates [see, for example, (1981a)]. This includes detailing the literature and the concepts that arose to take the place of community elite studies and suggestions on under what rubrics to find community elite studies today.
Gendered Laws, Racial Stories

In this Article, I argue that, in prisons and in Title VII jurisprudence, the legal response to same-sex sexual harassment and abuse enforces the norms of masculinity that abusers enact in the practice of such abuse and harassment. Prison guards and administrators routinely refuse to prevent or punish sexual abuse, telling the victim to “Be a man. Stand up and fight.” If he is raped, the victim is often told that he is - or has been made - “gay,” and therefore “liked it.” Similar norms, albeit in less violent and more coded form, inflect Title VII jurisprudence of same-sex sexual harassment. In prison and in court, legal actors depart from ordinary legal rules to enforce the norms of masculinity as law, authorizing straight-identified manly men to police the gender conformity of less manly men by sexually abusing them. Although correctional actors often respond to sexual abuse by enforcing gender rules, the story they tell about prison rape often features a familiar, but misleading, cultural trope of white vulnerability to black violence. This racial narrative obscures institutional responsibility for the gendered legal practices that condone and foster sexual violence, making prison rape seem inevitable. By casting sexual (and nonsexual) violence as a “complex and intractable problem” for which administrators are not to blame, this racial narrative bolsters the rationale for the rules and immunities which largely exempt prisons from the enforcement of constitutional norms. Thus the perception (and reality) of unchecked prison violence supplies a reason for courts not to interfere with the unlawful institutional practices that foster it.
Tackling multimorbidity in primary care: is relational continuity the missing ingredient?

The GP registration system in the NHS encourages a relationship between a primary care team and a local population over time. Historically, the small size of practice teams and the stability of communities created very strong personal continuity. However, as general practices have become increasingly larger and as people move around and commute more, the likelihood of a strong personal relationship between doctor and patient has been offset against factors such as appointment availability, lead clinicians being responsible for specific conditions, and patients’ choices and priorities. Good and lasting therapeutic relationships flourish when organisations offer sufficient opportunities for a patient to see the same clinician when requested.1,2 However, there is a need for more evidence about how prioritising relational continuity improves overall care outcomes, especially in patients in whom a combination of socioeconomic disadvantage and complex comorbidities prevent effective engagement with health and social services. The term ‘continuity of care’ refers to a complex and multifaceted concept that has been difficult to define.3 Three types of continuity of care are generally accepted: 1) informational continuity, which describes the sharing of patient information between professionals and service providers; 2) management continuity, which describes a timely and complementary delivery of services from different providers; and 3) relational continuity, which describes an ongoing therapeutic relationship between a patient and one or more providers. Relational continuity is associated with improved patient satisfaction, care coordination, and selected patient outcomes.4 It implies a sense of affiliation and mutual commitment between patient and clinician. This affiliation improves reciprocal trust and responsibility, and reduces the ‘collusion of anonymity’, where a succession of clinicians deals only with the most immediately pressing problem. Relational continuity is therefore not only seeing the same …
Improved indoor geomagnetic field fingerprinting for smartwatch localization using deep learning

Geomagnetic field fingerprinting has attracted researchers in recent years as a promising alternative to WiFi and Bluetooth fingerprinting. It is omnipresent, stable, and does not require the deployment of specialized infrastructure to be realized. While several studies have utilized these characteristics in developing indoor positioning systems, the positioning accuracy still can be improved. This paper presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based method for designing and developing a novel smartwatch-based indoor geomagnetic field positioning system. We tested the proposed system on real world data in an indoor environment composed of three corridors of different lengths and three rooms of different sizes. Experimental results show a promising location classification accuracy of 97.77% with a mean localization error of 0.136 meters. We also demonstrate how the Softmax (SM) layer of the network can be exploited to further improve the localization accuracy in user tracking scenarios.
Testing clonal relatedness of two tumors from the same patient based on their mutational profiles: update of the Clonality R package.

Summary The Clonality R package is a practical tool to assess the clonal relatedness of two tumors from the same patient. We have previously presented its functionality for testing tumors using loss of heterozygosity data or copy number arrays. Since then somatic mutation data have been more widely available through next generation sequencing and we have developed new methodology for comparing the tumors' mutational profiles. We thus extended the package to include these two new methods for comparing tumors as well as the mutational frequency estimation from external data required for their implementation. The first method is a likelihood ratio test that is readily available on a patient by patient basis. The second method employs a random-effects model to estimate both the population and individual probabilities of clonal relatedness from a group of patients with pairs of tumors. The package is available on Bioconductor. Availability and implementation Bioconductor (http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/Clonality.html). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Abundance of minimal surfaces

This article is concerned with the existence theory of closed minimal hypersurfaces in closed Riemannian manifolds of dimension at least three. These hypersurfaces are critical points for the area functional, and hence their study can be seen as a high-dimensional generalization of the classical theory of closed geodesics (Birkhoff, Morse, Lusternik, Schnirel’mann,…). The best result until very recently, due to Almgren ([2], 1965), Pitts ([37], 1981), and Schoen–Simon ([43], 1981), was the existence of at least one closed minimal hypersurface in every closed Riemannian manifold. I will discuss the methods I have developed with Andre Neves, for the past few years, to approach this problem through the variational point of view. These ideas have culminated with the discovery that minimal hypersurfaces in fact abound.
Recent Developments in Cognitive Diagnostic Computerized Adaptive Testing (CD-CAT): A Comprehensive Review

In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of cognitive diagnosis computer adaptive testing (CD-CAT). Similar to Cheng and Keng (Computerized adaptive testing in criterion-referenced testing. In Smith E, Stone G (eds) Applications of Rasch measurement in criterion-reference testing: practive analysis to score reporting. JAM Press, Maple Grove, 2009), which provided a flowchart for a typical CAT, we provide a typical CD-CAT flowchart. Compared to regular CAT, a key distinction is that in CD-CAT the goal is to obtain the latent mastery profile for each respondent in an efficient fashion, or alternatively to obtain both the latent mastery profile (formative) and the latent ability (summative) simultaneously. The former is referred to as single-purpose CD-CAT, and the latter dual-purpose CD-CAT. We discuss the main components of CD-CAT in this chapter. These components will be covered in the following order: starting rule, item selection strategies, stopping rule, scoring rule, and item bank development and more specifically online calibration.
Reconciling the HEC-C and Clinical Ethics Fellowship Training Programs: Implications of the Baylor Experience.

We agree with the assessment provided by Horner et al. that the current HEC-C certification process is imperfect and could better serve its advertised purpose if re-designed with targeted improveme...
Large scale analysis of smoking-induced changes in the tumor immune microenvironment

Tobacco smoke is a known carcinogen, mostly due to its genotoxicity, but its effects on the host immune system are also playing an important role. Here, we leveraged recent results on the immune landscape of cancer based on The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) data analysis and compared the proportions of major classes of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) between smokers and never smokers in ten TCGA cancer types. We show that statistically significant changes can be identified in all ten cancers, with increased plasma cell populations and the modified ratio of activated to resting TIICs being the most consistent features distinguishing smokers and never-smokers across different cancers, with both being correlated with survival outcomes. Analysis of existing single-cell RNA-seq data further showed that smoking differentially affects the gene expression profile of cancer patients based on the immune cell type. The smoking-induced changes in the patterns of immune cells and their correlations to survival outcomes are stronger in female smokers.
Thumb Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthrodesis

Arthrodesis of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb may be indicated for posttraumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or chronic subluxation or dislocation. The advantages of arthrodesis of this joint over arthroplasty are stability, strength, power, and endurance. There should be satisfactory function of the two distal joints of the thumb, since their motion must compensate for the loss at the proximal fused joint. Marked trapezioscaphoid arthritis is a contraindication to the procedure, although mild arthritis is not.