cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte in vitro Cytotoxicity: Specific Release of Lymphotoxin-like Materials from Tuberculin-sensitive Lymphoid Cells

ALLOGRAFT immunity and delayed hypersensitivity reactions are caused chiefly by the action of host immune lymphoid cells1. Although these reactions have been much studied in vivo and in vitro, the mechanism of cell destruction is essentially unknown. There have been reports from this laboratory that a cell-free toxic factor released by immune and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated non-immune mouse lymphocytes is essential in the in vitro destruction of target L cells2. This factor, termed lymphotoxin (LT), caused in vitro cytolysis of both continuous and primary cells obtained from many animal species3. Later work showed that lymphocytes from various animal species, including man, could be stimulated in vitro to release LT, in the absence of target cells, by treatments which induce lymphocyte transformation, that is the mixed lymphocyte reaction, PHA and xenogeneic antibody4. It was therefore of interest to investigate whether lymphoid cells obtained from animals with delayed hypersensitivity to soluble antigens could be induced in vitro to release LT-like materials. We wish to report here that in the case of tuberculin hypersensitivity in mice, guinea-pigs and man, non-specific toxic materials are released when the cells are cultured in the presence of specific antigen.
Hybrid Method for Fast SVM Training in Applications Involving Large Volumes of Data

One of the problems of training a Support Vector Machine (SVM) for applications involving large volumes of data is how to solve the constrained quadratic programming issue. The optimization process suffers from the problem of large memory requirement and computation time. In this paper we propose a hybrid genetic algorithm based SVM that addresses the large memory requirement and computation time problem. The system operates in two main stages. During first stage it obtains a subset of features using genetic algorithm and during second stage it uses genetic algorithm to train the SVM using subset of features. The proposed system is tested on gene expression profile data sets. The experiment results show that the proposed hybrid system is efficient from memory and time computational point of views without compromising classification accuracy results.
Measurement of anisotropic resistivity and Hall constant for single-crystal YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − x

The resistivity of single-crystal ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ has been found to be anisotropic, with magnitude and temperature dependence similar to ceramic samples in directions parallel to the Cu-O planes, and with a 30 times larger room-temperature value and a much smaller temperature dependence in the orthogonal direction. The Hall coefficient, with a magnetic field applied parallel to the Cu-O planes, is negative (electronlike) and essentially temperature independent in these crystals, in direct contrast to the behavior of other types of samples.
Annihilation of positrons in D and L isomers of various amino acids

GARAY et al.1 have reported on experiments on positron annihilation in D and L isomers of various amino acids. I show here that one of the two interpretations which they put forward to explain their results is in error, and also discuss other possible experiments which may enable clarification of the rather unusual results they have reported.
Dimeric aggregates of five-coordinated methyl(phthalocyaninato)Rh(III): 1H NMR evidence for staggered and slipped cofacial dimers†

The 1H NMR spectra of the five-coordinated rhodium phthalocyanine complex Me(RPc)Rh(III) (1, RPc = dianion of 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octa-n-pentylphthalocyanine) in toluene indicate that it exists as a discrete monomer at low concentrations. The complex forms a dimer aggregate reversibly in the concentration range of 2.6–10.2 mM at -90 < T < 22 °C. The dimerization constants at -60, -80, and -90 °C are 2.0 × 102, 5.7 × 102, and 1.0 × 103M-1, respectively. In chloroform, aggregation of the complex occurs at ~0.3 mM, reflecting the lower solvating power of chloroform for this complex. The 1H NMR spectra of the chloroform solutions indicate that at concentrations greater than 1.0 mM, two discrete dimers in the ratio of 87:13 are reversibly formed. The 1H NMR spectra of the major isomer, 2a, suggest that it is the 45 °-staggered cofacial dimer, a dimer with a D4d symmetry. The 1H NMR spectra of the minor isomer, 2b, suggest that it is a slipped cofacial dimer with a C2h symmetry, which is formed by slipping a (RPc)Rh plane of the eclipsed dimer (a D4h dimer) along a line connecting two opposing meso nitrogens of (RPc)Rh. Interestingly, the solution conformation of 2b is similar to that of the basic stacking unit found in the crystal structure of 1.
PERIOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TRACHEOTOMY FOR THE OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA PATIENT Three illustrative case reports

SUMMARY The perioperative course of three patients with obstructive sleep apnoea who underwent tracheotomy is presented as illustrative of the potentially life-threatening complications of management. It is concluded that this disease demands strict adherence to basic principles of airway management and close observation extending into the period after operation.
Multiple discrete solutions of the incompressible steady-state Navier-Stokes equations

This paper discusses the computation of multiple solutions of various discretizations of the steady state incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Solution paths (?,R) satisfying the discrete system of equationsH(?,R)=0, where ? represents the discrete flow field andR is the Reynolds number, are computed using a pseudo arc-length continuation procedure. For flows over the back end of an axially symmetric body with a cusped tail in a coaxial circular cylinder, the solution paths often exhibit "hairpin" turning points. Dependence of the paths on the mesh spacing and various selections for the discretizations of the convective and diffusive terms are presented.
Brain imaging agents: synthesis and characterization of (N-piperidinylethyl) hexamethyl diaminodithiolate oxo technetium(V) complexes.

Abstract Two 99m Tc complexes of ( N -piperidinylethyl) hexamethyl diaminodithiol (NEP-DADT) have shown high brain uptake in rodents and lower primates. One of these 99m Tc complexes has given positive images of the brain in man which are qualitatively related to regional brain blood flow (rCBF). In order to determine the structure of these 99m Tc products, the corresponding 99m Tc(NEP-DADT) complexes were prepared and characterized by HPLC, TLC, fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS) and other analytical techniques. These results indicate that the two 99m Tc (NEP-DADT) complexes are syn and anti isomers (i.e. one isomer has the N -piperdinylethyl side chain located syn to the technetium oxo core while the other has this side chain located anti to the technetium oxo core).
Prevention of muscular dystrophy in mice by CRISPR/Cas9–mediated editing of germline DNA

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited X-linked disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, a protein required for muscle fiber integrity. DMD is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and a shortened life span, and there is no effective treatment. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated genome editing to correct the dystrophin gene (Dmd) mutation in the germ line of mdx mice, a model for DMD, and then monitored muscle structure and function. Genome editing produced genetically mosaic animals containing 2 to 100% correction of the Dmd gene. The degree of muscle phenotypic rescue in mosaic mice exceeded the efficiency of gene correction, likely reflecting an advantage of the corrected cells and their contribution to regenerating muscle. With the anticipated technological advances that will facilitate genome editing of postnatal somatic cells, this strategy may one day allow correction of disease-causing mutations in the muscle tissue of patients with DMD.
PENTOSAN INDUCED CEREBRAL SAGITTAL SINUS THROMBOSIS: A VARIANT OF HEPARIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA

Pentosan is an oral glycosaminoglycan that is indicated for chronic interstitial cystitis. Physicians prescribing it may not realize that, as an analogue of heparin, it may cause the heparin induced thrombocytopenia thrombosis syndrome with catastrophic complications. CASE REPORT A 35-year-old woman with an &year history of low estrogen oral contraceptive use presented with symptoms suggestive of chronic interstitial cystitis. She was treated with 100 mg. pentosan 3 times daily. After 3 weeks pentosan was stopped by a urologist who questioned the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. Two days later the patient was treated for severe headache, nausea and vomiting. Progressive symptoms led to hospital admission 10 days later. She was moderately lethargic and had severe headache, neck stiffness and lateral gaze nystagmus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed complete thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus extending to the left transverse and sigmoid sinuses. Blood counts were normal with 282 x lo9 platelets per 1. Heparin induced antibodies were negative on platelet aggregation. Serotonin release assay for heparin antibodies was negative but enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed elsewhere showed modest titer antiheparin platelet factor 4 antibody. Extensive tests for the causes of hypercoagulability were normal, including antiphospholipid antibody, factor V Leiden, coagulation control protein and plasma homocysteine determinations. Aspirin, dipyridamole and slow anticoagulation with warfarin were instituted, and symptoms improved. Ten months later the patient had a 4-hour episode of hemibody paresthesias that was considered to be transient and ischemic. One year after the initial episode of thrombosis she is asymptomatic except for infrequent headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging shows an unchanged clot. DISCUSSION
Pharmacological Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory process caused by a variety of direct and indirect injuries to the lungs. Despite improvements in supportive care and advances in ventilator management, mortality in patients with ARDS remains high. Multiple pharmacological interventions have been investigated but have not shown improved survival. Clinical trials using corticosteroids, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, prostacyclin, surfactant, lisofylline, ketoconazole, N -acetylcysteine, and fish oil have been unable to show a statistically significant improvement in patient mortality. As more is understood about the pathophysiology of ARDS, treatment strategies such as increasing alveolar fluid clearance through activation of sodium channels, enhancing repair of alveolar epithelium with growth factors, inhibiting fibrin deposition, blocking proinflammatory transcription factors, preventing the effect of potent vasocontrictors such as endothelin, and using antibodies against key inflammatory cytokines are being explored. This review focuses on the pharmacological treatments studied clinically, proposed reasons for their lack of success, and new concepts emerging in ARDS therapy.
Defense adaptations of the dendrochirote holothurian Psolus chitonoides Clark

Abstract Many potentially predatory species of gastropods, decapods, asteroids, and fishes were tested to determine their responses to Psolus chitonoides Clark. Asteroids, particularly Dermasterias imbricata (Grube), were found to be the only important predators. Psolus chitonoides was not found in guts of any field-collected fishes, though other sea cucumbers were. Psolus chitonoides had the highest saponin content of four species of Greater Puget Sound holothurians tested. Homogenates of P. chitonoides were highly unpalatable to the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculosus Girard and tissues were toxic when force-fed to O. maculosus. Toxicity of Psolus chitonoides tissue was due to the high saponin content whereas unpalatability appears to be unrelated to the saponins. Toxicity of saponins from Puget Sound holothurians to Oligocottus maculosus depends on whether the toxin is respired or ingested.
Enchanced 1.3-μm-emission from InAs quantum dots embedded in symmetric (In,Ga)As quantum-well structures

We have optically characterized the emission of a layer of InAs quantum dots embedded at the center of symmetric (In,Ga)As quantum-well structures. By grading the profile of the indium composition in the quantum-well regions in a certain way, it is found that the room-temperature emission of the dots can be enhanced by almost an order of magnitude compared to dots bounded by conventional (In,Ga)As quantum wells. The largest enhancement is obtained for structures where the grading is achieved by using a GaAs/InAs superlattice structure to form a quasi-linear distribution of the indium. The dots inside the graded quantum-well structures are engineered to emit at the important telecommunication wavelength of 1.3 μm.
Seasonal Factors Using Vehicle Classification Data

The increased use of equipment having automatic vehicle classification capabilities and weigh-in-motion devices produces a large amount of new data that can provide some insights into understanding traffic patterns more efficiently. These data can be used in determining seasonal adjustment factors for correcting traffic counts, in estimating truck traffic for highway cost allocation studies, and in predicting traffic volumes for roadways. However, due to practical limitations, it is not possible to obtain continuous data collection for all roads; thus, short-term counts are usually performed. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship of the data obtained in a short-term period to those for the entire year. A study is currently under way that determines these relationships and develops seasonal adjustment factors for the state of Kentucky. The first step of the study was a survey of current uses of vehicle classification data and methods used for data collection throughout the United States...
Upper extremity thromboembolism after axillary-axillary bypass grafting

Two patients experienced upper extremity thromboembolism after axillary-axillary bypass grafting (AxAG) for symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis. The first patient, a 67-year-old male, presented with left upper extremity thromboembolism 3 years after AxAG with 8 mm externally support PTFE. An arteriogram revealed a patent AxAG, thrombus in the proximal left subclavian arterial stump just distal to its occlusion, and multiple digital artery emboli. The patient was treated with warfarin for 8 months, with resolution of symptoms. The second patient, a 57-year-old male, occluded his AxAG (8 mm knitted Dacron) with minimal return of symptoms. Non-operative treatment was elected and 4 years later the patient presented with right upper extremity (donor side) thromboembolism. Arteriography revealed occlusion of the AxAG, radial artery, and digital arteries of the index, long and ring fingers. Thrombolytic therapy of the right arm was undertaken with minimal improvement. Subsequent detachment of the AxAG and placement of an interposition reversed saphenous vein graft was performed. Both patients continue to be asymptomatic during follow-up of 4.7 and 2.0 years, respectively.
49 Prevalence of Macrolide Resistant Group A Streptococcus (GAS).

GAS pharyngitis is a common childhood infection. Resistance to penicillin has not been documented and penicillin V is the drug of choice unless the patient is allergic. Macrolides are an alternative choice for the penicillin allergic patient, but azithromycin is often used for convenience and palatability. Macrolide resistance appears to be increasing in the United States. A surveillance study of GAS resistance was performed to determine our local resistance rates particularly since local outbreaks of pertussis in 2004 and 2005 prompted an increase in macrolide use, which might contribute to increased resistance. 200 isolates have been collected from site A and 144/200 from site B from 10/05 - 7/06. Children's Mercy Hospital was designated as site A, and a community pediatric office, with a high rate of pertussis, as site B. Isolates were cultured, and erythromycin (EES) resistance was determined by Double disk diffusion (D-test) and E-test for MIC values. Chart review identified treatment and demographic data including: age, sex, race, and payor status. Comparisons were made between the 2 sites using confidence interval analysis. Fisher's exact test was used to compare data from previous surveillance of GAS resistance in 2002 at site A to current resistance at site A and site B. EES resistance was found in 7 (3.5%) at A, and 8 (5.6%) at B, CI range -0.66-0.025. Inducible resistance was noted in 43% and 37.5% respectively. PFGE studies for genetic clones are pending. There was no difference in age, sex, or payor status between site A and B with median age of 6 yearrs (range 1 to 17), 54% male, and >50% Medicaid recipients. An AA predominance was found at site A, 47% vs 8.3 % at site B. There was no difference in treatment choice between the 2 groups, with 87-90% receiving PCN or amoxicillin. A previous surveillance study of 100 isolates in 2002 revealed no resistance at site A. A statistically significant difference in comparison with current site B data, p<0.023 was found, and a suggestive trend of resistance was noted at site A, p= 0.058. Macrolide resistance appears to be increasing in our community. This was most apparent at a site where local macrolide use may have been higher but an increase was noted for both sites. Continued surveillance may impact future antimicrobial treatment decisions.
Acquiring Manufacturing Processes Knowledge for Design

SUMMARY Much of the work done in concurrent design assumes that manufacturing process knowledge has been codified and that manufacturing process models exist. However, for new solid free-form manufacturing processes, such as the shape deposition process being developed at Carnegie Mellon, these assumptions are not valid. In the shape deposition fabrication process, a part is built by successively depositing materials in thin layers. Each layer can contain several materials and creating each layer requires several manufacturing subprocesses which include micro-casting, thermal spraying, shot peening and machining. Some of these manufacturing subprocesses are only partially understood; their use in combination to form a single multi-material layer is not well understood; and the process of creating a mechanical part or assembly from thin multi-material layers is also not well understood. One of the salient features of shape deposition, as well as most solid free-form manufacturing processes, is that it requ...
Who Is Mrs. Cantlie and Why Are They Doing Those Terrible Things to Her Homunculi

A survey of 1987 introductory psychology texts revealed an unusually high error rate for homunculus illustrations. The resulting search for the source of these errors led back to the use of some ho...
Influence of selection for breast muscle mass on myosin isoform composition and metabolism of deep pectoralis muscles of male and female turkeys

Advances in genetic selection and nutrition have resulted in rapid growth rates and increased muscle mass, predisposing turkeys to muscle disorders such as deep pectoral myopathies and increasing the incidence of pale, soft, and exudative muscle. The objective of this study was to determine if selection for breast muscle mass created an increase in anaerobic capacity of the deep pectoralis muscle. A total of 67, 18-wk-old, male and female turkeys from two male (tom) lines and one female (hen) line were used. Each bird was anesthetized and one deep pectoralis muscle was electrically stimulated via the pectoral nerve. Muscle pH was recorded every 30 s for 4 min of stimulation and every 1 min for a 10-min recovery period. Non-stimulated muscles, contralateral to the stimulated side, were assayed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Myosin isoforms were resolved with SDS-PAGE. Line or gender had no effect on rate of pH decline during or after stimulation. Declines in pH during stimulation were greater than during the recovery period (0.06 vs. 0.02 U/min). The lightweight male line (LM) had the greatest breast muscle mass as a percentage of body weight (P < 0.05) and the greatest LDH [293 mmol nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) min(-1)microg(-1); P < 0.0001] and GAPDH (0.4452 mmol NADH min(-1)microg(-1); P < 0.05) activities. Hens had greater percentages breast weight than males (P < 0.05) and a tendency for increased enzyme activities. The LM line had the largest ratio (2.33:1) (P < 0.05) of adult-to-neonatal myosin. Genetic selection for breast muscle mass resulted in an increased ratio of adult-to-neonatal myosin and increased anaerobic capacity. This effect on myosin isoform composition and anaerobic capacity supports handling modifications that are line specific to minimize meat quality defects.
American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric: A Phase 1 Report

Background There has been a long-standing desire to implement a multi-institutional, multispecialty program to address surgical quality improvement for children. This report documents results of the initial phase of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric. Study Design From October 2008 to December 2009, patients from 4 pediatric referral centers were sampled using American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program methodology tailored to children. Results A total of 7,287 patients were sampled, representing general/thoracic surgery (n = 2,237; 30.7%), otolaryngology (n = 1,687; 23.2%), orthopaedic surgery (n = 1,367; 18.8%), urology (n = 893; 12.3%), neurosurgery (n = 697; 9.6%), and plastic surgery (n = 406; 5.6%). Overall mortality rate detected was 0.3% and 287 (3.9%) patients had postoperative occurrences. After accounting for demographic, preoperative, and operative factors, occurrences were 4 times more likely in those undergoing inpatient versus outpatient procedures (odds ratio [OR] = 4.71; 95% CI, 3.01−7.35). Other factors associated with higher likelihood of postoperative occurrences included nutritional/immune history, such as preoperative weight loss/chronic steroid use (OR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.03−2.15), as well as physiologic compromise, such as sepsis/inotrope use before surgery (OR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.10−1.95). Operative factors associated with occurrences included multiple procedures under the same anesthetic (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.21−2.06) and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification category 4/5 versus 1 (OR = 5.74; 95% CI, 2.94−11.24). Specialty complication rates varied from 1.5% for otolaryngology to 9.0% for neurosurgery (p Conclusions Based on this initial phase of development, the highly anticipated American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric has the potential to identify outcomes of children's surgical care that can be targeted for quality improvement efforts.
Clinical applications of elastic-scattering spectroscopy beyond proof-of-principle: what really matters

In determining true clinical utility and patient benefits of a new diagnostic technique, a variety of issues become important, which are often not considered during the proof-of-concept stage. These relate to the overall cost to the health-care system, user friendliness and clinical practicality, likelihood of adoption, the appropriate statistics for demonstration clinical value, and the relevance of the technology to the specific disease.
Online Writing Instruction for Children With Disabilities: A Review of the Empirical Literature

We conducted a systematic review of the evidence related to online instruction in writing for students with special needs with the purpose of determining whether the existing literature can provide a research base and responding to special education researchers' concerns about students with disabilities receiving instruction online. We identified 3 additional studies since the most recent review of the literature, published by Means, Tomaya, Murphy, Bakia, and Jones in 2009. The unique characteristics of the online environment afforded opportunities for embedded learning strategy activities, procedural facilitation cue sheets, and embedded text structure supports, that would have otherwise been impossible in a typical face-to-face environment. Online environments may provide unique features that support the writing of students with disabilities.
Carotid artery dissection after trivial trauma in a 13-year-old boy

A 13-year-old boy presented to the emergency department after sudden onset of right-sided hemiparesis and slurred speech. The patient developed acute weakness on the right side of his body and face while walking back to his bed after using the restroomin the early m orning hours. He had no pain, numbness, or visual disturbance. The day before presentation the patient fell while rollerskating but denied any injury resulting fromthe event. Examination showed a right-sided central facial paresis, right-sided pure motor hemiplegia, and a right Babinski sign. The patient had dysarthric speech but showed no aphasia. The remainder of the neurologic examination yielded normal results. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed an area of restricted diffusion in the left hippocampus, globus pallidus, and posterior limb of the internal capsule (Fig 1). Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed narrowing of the left common carotid artery extending into the left internal carotid and intracranially to the origin of the left anterior choroidal artery (Figs 2 and 3). Enlarged T1 cervical MR images confirmed decreased flow in the left internal carotid and a ring of increased signal within its lumen consistent with arterial dissection (Fig 4).
Test Circuit for Study of CMOS Process Variation by Measurement of Analog Characteristics

We propose and demonstrate a test chip for extraction of spatial and layout dependent variations in both transistor and interconnect structures. A scan chain approach is combined with low-leakage and low-variation switches, providing access to detailed analog device characteristics in large arrays of test devices. Compared to digital test structures such as ring oscillators, the test circuit enables flexible extraction and analysis of variation in any device model parameters based on current-voltage measurements.
Committee on Underground Waters, 1939–40

The Committee on Underground Waters for the new triennium is composed of the following: H. F. Blaney; E. B. Burwell; W. Gardner; C. S. Howard; F. H. Lahee; G. W. Musgrave; A. M. Piper; A. C. Swinnerton; L. K. Wenzel; D. G. Thompson (Chairman). The outstanding event of the year for ground-water hydrologists was the meeting of the International Association of Scientific Hydrology, as a part of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, at Washington, D.C., in September, 1939. One day was devoted to “questions” or topics of symposia of the Commission on Subterranean Water.
A Multilevel Factor Analysis of Students’ Evaluations of Teaching

This study examined the factorial validity of scores on the newly developed Students’ Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness Rating Scale (SETERS) through a series of confirmatory and multilevel structures. Conventional confirmatory factor analyses using the total covariance and pooled within-covariance matrices from two midwestern universities indicated that a reduced 25-item SETERS fit the data better than the original 34-item SETERS. Furthermore, multilevel factor analysis was conducted on the combined samples. This analysis suggested that one or three factors at the between and within levels were a plausible representation of SETERS scores. Pearson's correlations between individual scores on the SETERS and the Students’Evaluation of Educational Quality questionnaire provided additional validity evidence for the two measures. The need for additional empirical research on the SETERS before widespread use is discussed.
Analyses of the behaviour of commensals in host-factor. 1. A hesioned polychaete and a pinnotherid crab

Abstract 1. 1. A new apparatus is described for the investigation of the responses of aquatic animals to chemical agents. 2. 2. With the apparatus it has been demonstrated in exploratory tests that in the facultative commensal polychaete Podarke pugettensis a positive chemotropotaxis is probably the most important behavioural mechanism involved in “host-finding.” “Direct” orthokinetic and klino-kinetic responses may aid the animal. 3. 3. Detailed experiments with the obligate commensal pinnotherid crab Pinnixa chaetopterana indicate that this crab shows a strong “direct” klinokinesis in host-factor. Under the conditions of our experiments, chemotropotactic responses can be discerned in steep gradients. Rheotactic responses are not present. 4. 4. The response specificity of this crab has been investigated. Evidence is presented that the host-factor concerned is a protein.
S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolases as the primary target enzymes in androgen regulation of methylation complexes.

Abstract tRNA methylation complexes consisting of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetase, tRNA methylases, and S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase have been prepared from rat Novikoff hepatoma cells. The existence of the ternary enzyme complex is supported by dissociation and reconstitution of the ternany tRNA methylation complexes. In rat prostate and testis, two isozymes each for AdoMet synthetase and AdoHcy hydrolase are detected. The Km (methionine) values for the two AdoMet synthetases are 3.1 and 23.7 μ m and the Km (adenosine) values for the two AdoHcy hydrolases are 0.33 and 1.8 μ m . Correspondingly, two groups of methylation complexes are detectable, sedimenting in a sucrose gradient as 7 S and 8 S. The 7 S complexes are composed of AdoMet synthetase and AdoHcy hydrolase with the higher Km values, and the 8 S complexes are composed of the respective isozymes with the lower Km values. tRNA methylation complexes belong to the 8 S group. In hormone-depleted rat prostates and testes following hypophysectomy, the specific activities of AdoMet synthetases, tRNA methylases, and AdoHcy hydrolases are decreased severely, but are restored promptly after administration of testosterone. Thus, methylation enzymes are responsive to the regulation by steroid hormone. AdoHcy hydrolases from hormone-depleted tissues are unstable, and ternary tRNA methylation complexes are easily dissociable into individual activities. The stability of AdoHcy hydrolases is markedly improved by testosterone, and the integrity of ternary tRNA methylation complexes is maintained in the presence of testosterone. These results suggest that AdoHcy hydrolases are the primary target enzymes in adrogen regulation of methylation complexes.
NPML Detection Employing IIR Noise-Prediction with Application to Magnetic Tape Storage

This paper studies noise-predictive maximum-likelihood (NPML) detection in the case where noise prediction is accomplished by infinite, rather than finite, impulse-response filters. Two infinite-impulse-response (IIR) NPML detection methods are described. The first one uses an embedding technique to achieve IIR noise prediction in combination with a detector trellis that represents a channel target of the partial-response form. The second one employs a detector trellis that corresponds to a generalized partial-response target, such as the one used for traditional NPML based on finite-impulse-response (FIR) prediction filters, and involves a state-reduction technique to deal with the IIR nature of the overall channel. For both methods, data-dependent (DD) variants of the detection algorithm are developed. Implementation aspects are considered to obtain IIR DD-NPML detectors that are dynamically adaptive on user data. Simulation results are given to illustrate the performance of the different detectors with readback signals captured from an actual tape system at various linear recording densities.
Reexamining the Relationship between Fall Dormancy and Winter Hardiness in Alfalfa

Although phenotypic correlations generally show winter hardiness and late summer and autumn growth (fall dormancy, FD) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to be strongly associated (r = 0.90), the genetic relationship between the traits has been poorly documented. This study was conducted to rigorously characterize this relationship in a segregating population. We developed an F 1 population of 200 plants derived from crossing an elite subsp. sativa clone, ABI408, and a semi-improved subsp. falcata clone, WISFAL-6. We clonally propagated the parents and progeny and planted replicated trials at Ames and Nashua, IA in 1998. Plant height, a measure of fall dormancy, was measured in October 1998 at both locations. Winter injury was rated in April 1999. Transgressive segregation in both directions was noted in all cases, except for plant height at Ames, where no F 1 genotype was shorter than WISFAL-6. The heritability of fall growth was estimated at 0.69 ± 0.044 on an entry mean basis and 0.29 ± 0.035 on a plot basis, and of winter injury at 0.73 ± 0.039 and 0.39 ± 0.040, respectively. Phenotypic correlations between the traits based on entry means were not evident (P < 0.05) but were weakly negative based on plot data (-0.11 at both Ames and Nashua, P < 0.01). The genetic correlation between fall height and winter injury was -0.16 ± 0.048. A weak association exists in this population-taller plants in the fall have less winter injury. These results provide compelling evidence that considerable improvement in both fall growth and winter hardiness can be achieved simultaneously. We suggest that the varied pathways controlling winter hardiness provide ample opportunity for selection of agronomically desirable genotypes.
Demonstrating the effectiveness of videotape feedback for teaching interviewing skills: A multiple‐baseline, single‐participant experimental design

The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of videotape feedback on pediatric resident interviewing behavior and to demonstrate the usefulness of an innovative experimental design. A multiple‐baseline, single‐participant experimental design (used frequently in the behavioral sciences) was used in a pediatric resident practice. One first‐year and two second‐year residents were videotaped during pediatric healthcare visits, and baseline levels of three target interviewing behaviors were measured Residents received videotape feedback on each behavior sequentially and served as their own experimental control. Residents were videotaped a minimum of 11 times and again 6 months later as a follow‐up. Reliability of observations was assessed through interobserver agreement and found to be above 80% across all behaviors. Results indicated that residents showed increases in the frequency of each target behavior only following videotape feedback. This finding was replicated in all three residents and ...
Ambivalence under scrutiny: Returning to the future

AbstractThis Special Issue on the study of ambivalent processes in psychology integrates issues from contemporary evolutionary, cognitive, and cultural psychology with new directions of formal models that are available in qualitative mathematics. Tribute is paid to the pioneer of the study of ambivalence—Else Frenkel-Brunswik. Her work antedates most of our contemporary efforts in this field. Becoming free from the limits of its obsession with numbers in lieu of “measurement”, psychology at our time faces the challenge of investigation of dynamic psychological complexity. Contemporary mathematics—which is qualitative in its nature—provides new opportunities for psychology. New mathematical models—based on topology (Morse functions) and from intuitionistic formal logic (theory of locales)—are shown to provide promising new directions for future research on ambivalence. The emphasis on mathematical tools as enablement devices for psychological theorizing leads psychology to the need to create new kinds of g...
Trinity, Filioque and Semantic Ascent

It is difficult to reconcile claims about the Father's role as the progenitor of Trinitarian Persons with commitment to the equality of the persons, a problem that is especially acute for Social Trinitarians. I propose a metatheological account of the doctrine of the Trinity that facilitates the reconciliation of these two claims. On the proposed account, ‘Father’ is systematically ambiguous. Within economic contexts, those which characterize God's relation to the world, ‘Father’ refers to the First Person of the Trinity; within theological contexts, which purport to describe intra-Trinitarian relations, it refers to the Trinity in toto-thus in holding that the Son and Holy Spirit proceed from the Father we affirm that the Trinity is the source and unifying principle of Trinitarian Persons. While this account is solves a nagging problem for Social Trinitarians it is theologically minimalist to the extent that it is compatible with both Social Trinitarianism and Latin Trinitarianism, and with heterodox Modalist and Tri-theist doctrines as well. Its only theological cost is incompatibility with the Filioque Clause, the doctrine that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son—and arguably that may be a benefit.
Assembly and tissue functions of early embryonic laminins and netrins.

Vertebrate laminins and netrins share N-terminal domain structure, but appear to be only distantly related. Both families can be divided into different subfamilies on the basis of structural considerations. Recent observations suggest that specific laminin and netrin members have developmental functions that are highly conserved across species. Vertebrate laminin-1 (α1β1γ1) and laminin-10 (α5β1γ1), like the two Caenorhabditis elegans laminins, are embryonically expressed and are essential for basement membrane assembly. Basement membrane assembly is a cooperative process in which laminins polymerize through their LN domains and anchor to the cell surface through their G domains; this leads to cell signaling through integrins and dystroglycan (and possibly other receptors) recruited to the adherent laminin. Netrins may associate with this network through heterotypic LN domain interactions. Vertebrate netrin-1, like invertebrate UNC-6/netrins, is well known as an extracellular guidance cue that directs axon migration towards or away from the ventral midline. It also regulates cell adhesions and migrations, probably as a basement membrane component. Although sharing structural features, these two vertebrate protein families are quite distinct, having both retained members that mediate the ancestral developmental functions.
High levels of tRNA abundance and alteration of tRNA charging by bortezomib in multiple myeloma

In multiple myeloma (MM), malignant plasma cells produce large amounts of antibodies and have highly active protein translational machinery. It is not known whether regulation of the abundance and aminoacylation (charging) of transfer RNA (tRNA) takes place in myeloma cells to accommodate for the increased amount of protein translation. Using tRNA-specific microarrays, we demonstrate that tRNA levels are significantly elevated in MM cell lines compared to normal bone marrow cells. We furthermore show that the addition of the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (Velcade, PS-341) results in decreased charging levels of tRNAs, in particular those coding for hydrophobic amino acids. These results suggest that tRNA properties are altered in MM to accommodate for its increased need for protein translation, and that proteasome inhibition directly impacts protein synthesis in MM through effects on tRNA charging.
Multidirectional kinematics of the glenohumeral joint during simulated simple translation tests: impact on clinical diagnoses.

Abstract At the end ranges of motion, the glenohumeral capsule limits translation of the humeral head in multiple directions. Since the 6-degree of freedom kinematics of clinical tests are commonly utilized to diagnose shoulder injuries, the objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and repeatability of glenohumeral joint kinematics during a simulated simple anteroposterior translation test in the anterior and posterior directions. A magnetic tracking system was used to determine the kinematics of the humerus with respect to the scapula in eight cadaveric shoulders. At 60° of glenohumeral abduction and 0° of flexion/extension, a clinician applied anterior and posterior loads to the humerus at 0°, 30°, and 60° of external rotation until a manual maximum (simulating a simple translation test) was achieved. Prior to each test, the reference position of the humerus shifted posteriorly 1.8 ± 2.0 and 4.1 ± 3.8 mm at 30° and 60° of external rotation, respectively. Anterior translation decreased significantly ( p
Comparative analysis of surface electrostatic potentials of carbon, boron/nitrogen and carbon/boron/nitrogen model nanotubes.

We have extended an earlier study, in which we characterized in detail the electrostatic potentials on the inner and outer surfaces of a group of carbon and B x N x model nanotubes, to include several additional ones with smaller diameters plus a new category, C2xB x N x . The statistical features of the surface potentials are presented and analyzed for a total of 19 tubes as well as fullerene and a small model graphene. The potentials on the surfaces of the carbon systems are relatively weak and rather bland; they are much stronger and more variable for the B x N x and C2xB x N x . A qualitative correlation with free energies of solvation indicates that the latter two categories should have considerably greater water solubilities. The inner surfaces are generally more positive than the corresponding outer ones, while both positive and negative potentials are strengthened by increasing curvature. The outsides of B x N x tubes have characteristic patterns of alternating positive and negative regions, while the insides are strongly positive. In the closed C2xB x N x systems, half of the C–C bonds are double-bond-like and have negative potentials above them; the adjacent rows of boron and nitrogens show the usual B x N x pattern. When the C2xB x N x tubes are open, with hydrogens at the ends, the surface potentials are dominated by the B+–H− and N−–H+ linkages. Figure Calculated electrostatic potential on the molecular surface of closed (6,0) B48N48; a is an outside view, while b shows the interior. Color ranges, in kcal mol−1: red, greater than 20; yellow, between 20 and 0; green, between 0 and −10; blue, between −10 and −20; purple, more negative than −20
Catalysis of Enantioselective [2+1]-Cycloaddition Reactions of Ethyl Diazoacetate and Terminal Acetylenes Using Mixed-Ligand Complexes of the Series Rh2(RCO2)n (L*4-n). Stereochemical Heuristics for Ligand Exchange and Catalyst Synthesis

This paper describes the synthesis of mixed Rh2(II) complexes containing bridging acetate and R,R-diphenyl-N-triflylimidazolidinone (DPTI) ligands (1, 2, and 9−19), and their function as enantioselective catalysts for the conversion of ethyl diazoacetate and terminal acetylenes to chiral cyclopropenes. Of these catalysts, 1 and 10 functioned with the highest enantioselectivity, in accord with a mechanistic model in which one of the ligand bridges is broken in the intermediate Rh−carbene complex. The synthetic results allow conclusions with regard to kinetically and thermodynamically favored pathways for the synthesis of mixed acetate−DPTI complexes. A new C2-symmetric complex having only two anti-DTBTI bridges (23) is shown to be a highly effective chiral catalyst, as expected from the model.
Hippo and its mission for growth control.

During development, tissue growth is controlled by coordinated cellular growth and apoptosis. A series of recent papers describes a newly identified Drosophila gene, hippo, that restricts excessive growth during development by both limiting cell cycle progression and promoting susceptibility to apoptosis. Therefore, hippo may coordinate the regulation of cell division and cell death.
A university‐wide, library‐based chat service

The University of Nevada, Reno Library offers a general‐information “Chat with us” service through the university Web site in conjunction with the “Ask a librarian” service available through library Web pages. A study of 826 transcripts for the first academic year revealed that 80 percent of chat sessions originated from the university page. The majority of visitors were prospective students with questions related to admissions. Most of the chat operators believe the library should continue providing the university‐wide service. While university offices possess the information to answer many of the questions, librarians are skillful and patient when determining visitors' information needs, and were able to supply appropriate resources. Librarians were proactive in contacting university offices on behalf of chat visitors and provided e‐mail addresses, phone numbers, and URLs as needed. The continued collection and analysis of chat transcripts will help to determine the direction of library and university chat services.
Professional Development for Conceptual Change: Extending the Paradigm to Teaching Reading Comprehension in US Schools.

In this paper we examine American inservice teachers’ instructional methods in reading comprehension following professional development (PD), illustrating the prolonged and significant gap between research and practice in the field of reading comprehension. We explore this gap from a conceptual change perspective, positing that some level of dissatisfaction or discontentment with an existing belief, conception or practice is central to its successful revision. Thus, to support change in practice, PD for teachers should begin from the point of intrinsic pedagogical dissatisfaction, with current practices self-identified as problematic. To illustrate this, we portray the current instructional practices of three representative teachers in conjunction with their PD histories. Analyses revealed high levels of pedagogical satisfaction despite observational data divergent from the research base in reading comprehension instruction. We identify both idiosyncratic and common impediments to pedagogical and conceptu...
Integrated control programs in the future of biological control.

Integrated control is applied pest control which combines and integrates biological and chemical control. Chemical control is nsed as necessary and in a manner which is least disruptive to biological control. Integrated control may make use of naturally occurring biological control as well as biological control effected by manipulated or introduced biotic agents. The development of integrated control programs opens new horizons for the utilization of natural and biological controls.
Gender and citizenship in the restructuring of janitorial work in Los Angeles

The author examines intersections of gender and citizenship with a study of building services janitors in Los Angeles County. Changes in the industry using 1970, 1980, and 1990 censuses, union reports, and field work are analyzed. The author finds that restructuring facilitated the entrance of Latinas into janitorial work. In Los Angeles County in the 1980s, building managers switched from employing union janitors to contracted, nonunion janitors. The contractors hired Latina/o immigrants to do the lower-paid, restructured work. The share of Mexican and Salvadoran women increased during the 1980s. In addition, Mexican and Salvadoran women moved into janitorial work at higher rates than men. Furthermore, Latinas who arrived during the 1980s entered janitorial work at higher rates than the 1970s arrivals.