cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disclosure Experiences of Sexual Minority College Student Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

Although research on disclosure following intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is burgeoning, sexual minority young adults’ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning, etc.; LGBQ+) experiences have not received equal attention. The current study employed the minority stress framework to examine disclosure experiences of LGBQ+ college students across the United States reporting physical IPV victimization within their current relationship (n = 77). Participants completed measures assessing minority stress and IPV disclosure, and answered open-ended questions regarding the most and least helpful persons/responses to disclosure or reasons for non-disclosure. Results indicated that approximately one-third (35 %) of victims disclosed to at least one person, with friends being the most common recipients. Thematic analyses indicated that talking or listening to the victim was considered the most helpful response and not understanding the situation least helpful. Reasons for non-disclosure centered on themes of the victims’ perception that the IPV was not a big deal. Quantitative findings regarding physical IPV disclosure indicated that non-disclosers experienced greater minority stress than disclosers. The current study suggests the presence of differences between sexual minority (i.e., LGBQ +persons) and non-sexual minority persons, as well as between LGBQ+ young adults/college students and older adults and presents a theoretical structure (i.e., minority stress framework) through which these differences may be understood.
Fecal colonization and infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, is an important pathogen in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients. The ability to identify patients at risk for these infections and administer appropriate empiric therapy, particularly during episodes of neutropenia, may improve outcomes and also direct infection control and antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Many transplant centers obtain routine surveillance stool cultures (SSCs) from HCT recipients to test for colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Our center initiated the performance of SSCs for P. aeruginosa, because of a perceived increase in the frequency of infection with MDR strains. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of this practice. Methods We conducted a 2-year (2010–2011) retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent allogeneic HCT at our cancer center to (a) determine the frequency of fecal colonization with P. aeruginosa, including MDR strains; (b) to determine the overall frequency of subsequent P. aeruginosa infection, as well as the frequency of infection with MDR strains; (c) to ascertain the proportion of subsequent infections likely arising from the intestinal tract; and (d) to determine risk factors for progression from colonization to infection. Results Of 794 study patients, 58 (7.3%) had at least 1 positive SSC for P. aeruginosa; 19/58 (32.8%) developed a subsequent pseudomonal infection (11 with matching antimicrobial resistance patterns). On the other hand, 37/736 (5%) of the patients who were not colonized, developed a pseudomonal infection. The type of infection observed was pneumonia in 26 (46%) patients, bloodstream infection in 20 (36%), urinary tract infection in 8 (14%), and infections at other sites in 2 (4%). The incidence of MDR P. aeruginosa in the entire cohort was 2.2% (18 of 794): 12 had positive SSCs and 7 of these patients later developed MDR P. aeruginosa infections. Patients with acute myelogenous leukemia were more likely to be colonized and to develop subsequent infection. No infection-related deaths were observed during the first 30 days after infection. Conclusions The incidence of P. aeruginosa colonization and subsequent infection was low. Patients who were not colonized had a low chance of developing P. aeruginosa infection. Most patients who developed infection did not have fecal colonization, suggesting a different source of infection. SSCs for P. aeruginosa provide incomplete information regarding the source of infection.
Arenechromiumtricarbonyl complexes of silyl(germyl)(stannyl)- and silyl(germyl)(plumbyl)methanes including the unexpected formation of arenechromiumtricarbonyldimethylsilanol, (η6-C6H5)Cr(CO)3SiMe2OH

Treatment of PhMe2SiCH2GeMe3 (1) with t-BuLi followed by addition of Me3ECl, E = Sn, Pb, results in the formation of phenylsilyl(germyl)stannyl- and phenylsilyl(germyl)plumbyl-methanes, PhMe2Si(Me3Ge)(EMe3)CH, E = Sn (2), Pb (3). The thermal reaction of 1, 2 and 3 with Cr(CO)6 yields the corresponding aryl-Cr(CO)3 analogs, {(η6-C6H5)Cr(CO)3}Me2Si(Me3Ge)CH2 (4) and {(η6-C6H5)Cr(CO)3}Me2Si(Me3Ge)(EMe3)CH, E = Sn (5), Pb (6). The thermal treatment of 2 with Cr(CO)6 in wet THF/di-n-butyl ether mixture results in the formation of the arenechromiumtricarbonyl silanol {(η6-C6H5)Cr(CO)3}Me2SiOH (7) which exhibits amphiphilic character, forming H-bonded chains in the solid state in a head–to-head arrangement of the areneCr(CO)3 units.
Maximal exercise in children with aortic regurgitation: An adjunct to noninvasive assessment of disease severity

Abstract Twenty-five asymptomatic children with chronic aortic regurgitation were evaluated by graded bicycle exercise testing and standard resting M-mode echocardiogram. These results were compared to those of 35 normal controls matched for age and body surface area. Twenty-one patients underwent cardiac catheterization to rule out associated lesions. Patients fell into two groups based upon the left ventricular end-diastolic volume per body surface area (LVEDVI): group I (n = 10) had LVEDVI ≤ 2 SD from the mean of normal; group II (n = 15) had LVEDVI ≥ 4 SD from the mean of normal. All had normal shortening fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. At maximal exercise, patients in group I were found to have no significant differences from normals in maximal workload, total work, percent maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, blood pressure, or ST segment depression. However, patients in group II had blunted mean maximal exercise heart rate (p
Biochemical interactions of low frequency pulsing electromagnetic fields on melanoma cells

Electromagnetic field stimulation of melanoma cells can induce differentiation as monitored by tyrosinase activity in a manner similar to that observed with the normal physiological regulator, melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). Short-term exposure depresses cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) levels for up to 30 minutes. In addition, when PEMF is removed there is a rapid increase in cAMP and PKA levels. The increase appears to be the trigger for induction of differentiation. Results obtained with pertussis toxin indicate that the site of interaction of PEMF may be at the level of the GTP binding proteins which regulate the receptor-adenylate-cyclase complex. >
Lightguiding in photochromic glasses

Lightguiding in ion-exchanged photochromic glass layers is reported. The guides were formed by ion exchange of Ag+ for Na+ or by outdiffusion of F. Guide attenuation was less than 0.2 dB/cm in many cases. The attenuation in the guide was varied over a range of Δα = 30 dB/cm by illuminating the guide with (1) uv radiation to darken the guide or (2) visible radiation to bleach the guide. Switching times were in the order of seconds.
A singular value decomposition for the radon transform in n-dimensional euclidean space

We construct the singular value decomposition of the Radon transform when the Radon transform is restricted to functions which are either square integrable on the unit disc in IR n with respect to one of the weights (1-r 2)n/2-λ: or square integrable on IR n with respect to exp(r 2). An application to calculating mollifiers for approximate inversion of the sampled Radon transform is discussed.
Regulation of (pro)renin receptor expression in mIMCD via the GSK-3β-NFAT5-SIRT-1 signaling pathway.

The localization and regulation of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) expression in kidney collecting duct cells are not well established. We hypothesized that low salt (LS) contributes to the regulation of...
Normal cell surface expression and selective loss of functions resulting from Phe110 to Ser and Cys126 to Trp substitutions in the formyl peptide receptor

The N‐formyl peptide receptor (FPR) is a G protein‐coupled chemoattractant receptor that mediates diverse leukocyte functions when stimulated by bacteria‐derived N‐formyl peptides such as fMet‐Leu‐Phe (fMLF). Impaired neutrophil responsiveness to fMLF parallels increased susceptibility to periodontal microorganisms among patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). To determine whether the recently identified FPR mutations in LJP patients are responsible for selective loss of receptor‐mediated functions, we prepared and analyzed RBL‐2H3 cells expressing FPR bearing Phe110 to Ser (FPR‐F110S) or Cys‐126 to Trp (FPR‐C126W) replacement as well as a FPR double mutant (FPR‐FSCW). All mutant receptors were expressed normally on the cell surface, but were unable to mediate release of β‐hexosaminidase upon fMLF stimulation. FPR‐C126W effectively mediated fMLF uptake, an indication of receptor‐mediated endocytosis, whereas FPR‐F110S and FSCW exhibited markedly reduced ability to uptake fMLF. Both FPR‐F110S...
Show and tell in the gymnasium revisited : developmental differences in modeling and verbal rehearsal effects on motor skill learning and performance

Abstract Little research has investigated the observational learning process from a developmental perspective. The purpose of this study was to extend previous research by considering two factors: performance versus learning and sequencing versus form scores. Children 'N = 60) comprising two age groups (5-0 to 6-11 and 8-0 to 9-11 years) were randomly assigned to verbal rehearsal only, model only, or model plus verbal rehearsal conditions. The task was a 6 part motor skill sequence in which proper sequencing and quality of form were assessed. A 2 × 3 × 4 (age group by model type by trial blocks) repeated measures MANOVA revealed a significant three-way interaction. Older children performed equally well under any of the model type conditions during both performance and learning. For younger children, a model plus rehearsal was superior to rehearsal only on sequence and form at performance and learning and superior to model only on sequence scores during the first two performance trial blocks. Model only an...
The effects of job displacement on job quality: Findings from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

Abstract This study examines the extent to which job displacement divides the career experiences for a cohort of workers. Previous studies of job displacement find nontrivial economic losses for displaced workers, but the effects of displacement on “non-economic” properties of jobs have been largely overlooked. Results using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study indicate that workers who were displaced have lower levels of occupational status, job authority, and employer-offered pension and health insurance than they would have had had they not been displaced. Difference-in-differences estimates, which control for temporally-invariant unobserved heterogeneity, are generally larger than cross-sectional estimates; still, there is a close correspondence of estimates across a range of methodological approaches attesting to the robustness of the estimates in the face of various technical assumptions and model specifications. Effects of displacement on job quality also exhibit conditioning by gender, education, occupation, and industry: while less educated, blue collar and manufacturing workers experience significant losses for employer-offered benefits, more educated, upper white collar and non-manufacturing workers experience significant losses for occupational status, job autonomy, and job authority.
Oxidative and enzymatic degradations of l-tyrosine based polyurethanes

Abstract Oxidative and enzymatic degradations of l -tyrosine based polyurethanes were studied for biomaterial applications. Oxidative degradation was performed with 0.1 M cobalt chloride (CoCl2) in hydrogen peroxide solutions at 37 °C and the degradation was assessed by ATR-FTIR. Results indicate that polyurethane with polyethylene glycol (PEG) shows soft segment degradation while polyurethane based on polycaprolactone (PCL) shows hard segment degradation. Enzymatic degradation of the polyurethanes was studied using proteolytic enzyme α-chymotrypsin in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. The enhanced degradability of l -tyrosine based polyurethanes is due to both the presence of amino acid based chain extender and the action of enzyme. The changes in the morphology of polyurethanes were analyzed by SEM. The results of the degradation study were correlated to the structure of the polyurethanes.
Synthesis and Properties of a Poly-bolyte

A “poly-bolyte” containing 11 C22 chains interconnected by 10 catechol units possessing water-solublizing sulfonate groups was synthesized and studied for its solubility, surface activity, dye adsorption, NMR, dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, calorimetry, and effect on phospholipid bilayers. The amphiphile was not surface active, formed polydisperse vesicles at low concentrations, and did not disrupt phospholipid vesicles, in contrast to a conventional monomeric surfactant of similar structure. The poly-bolyte is one of a growing number of examples whereby synthetic chemistry is expanding the scope of colloid chemistry.
Errant Placement of Nasoenteric Tubes: A Hazard in Obtunded Patients

We describe a case of intubation of both main-stem bronchi with a narrow-bore nasoenteric tube on two separate occasions, with the subsequent development of pleural effusions of enteral solution, in an elderly semicomatose woman with a properly positioned cuffed endotracheal tube. Neither aspiration of fluid from the tube nor propulsion of air with auscultation of gastric borborygmi are positive proof of proper positioning. We recommend that in obtunded patients, especially if there is the possibility of impaired mucosal integrity, appropriate placement of the tube should be confirmed by chest roentgenogram.
Modelling large dynamical systems with industrial specifications

For a linear single-input, single-output time-invariant system, techniques for constructing a low-order model and modelling an approximate high-order model with industrial specifications are presented. First, a second-order model with a phase-advance factor is established. Next, a. third-order model constructed with industrial specifications is illustrated. Finally, a method to construct an approximate high-order model from a low-order one via continued fraction technique is presented.
Surgical Reconstruction and Muscular Augmentation of Ventricular Repairs: Their Impact on Compliance and Stroke Volume by Computer Simulations

Computer simulation techniques were used to explore direct versus patch reconstructive repairs on left ventricular dynamics after damages of myocardial infarction, aneurysmal dilatation, and compensatory hypertrophy This ellipsoid geometric modeling allowed further assessment of these three pathological stages on left ventricular compliance (dV/dP) and stroke volume (SV). Primary surgical closure after any myocardium resection created a smaller ventricular cavity and, thus, decreased SV Similarly, dV/dP by direct closure is markedly in each of these three transitional stages. In comparison, for the patch repair techniques, SV after augmentation by skeletal muscle ventriculoplasty offered the most immediate recovery after acute apical infarct with relatively little change in dV/dP Synthetic patch repair after aneurysmal and/or hypertrophy formation preserved the best SV despite negative shifts in dV/dP Therefore, maintaining geometric shape and retaining functional continuity are important operative consid...
Fabric, Seismic Anisotropy, and Tectonic History of the Twin Sisters Dunite, Washington

Olivine orientation and seismic anisotropy at confining pressures of 0.1 to 10.0 kb have been studied for 14 samples collected from the Twin Sisters dunite. At 10 kb, the dunites show differences in compressional wave velocities with propagation direction ranging from 0.03 to 0.92 km/sec. All samples were geographically oriented in the field, and the measured velocities have been related to the geographic orientations. The results show a complex but definite pattern of anisotropy throughout the body in which the slow velocities tend to be horizontal and normal to the elongation of the body. Mean velocities in a vertical direction are slightly higher than mean north-south velocities. The anisotropy is clearly related to preferred olivine orientation. Petrofabric studies of the field-oriented samples show concentrations of olivine b crystallographic axes parallel to slow velocities. High velocities have been measured parallel to concentrations of olivine a axes. The fabric studies further indicate that the olivine b axes throughout the body show a strong tendency to lie horizontal in a northeast-southwest to east-west direction. The fabric of the Twin Sisters body is interpreted as having originated by recrystallization accompanying flow within the upper mantle. Locally this fabric has been modified by cataclasis and plastic flow. The dunite body appears to have been transported from the mantle as a solid along a major thrust fault.
Fast computation of weight multiplicities

This paper discusses a Pascal implementation of a fast recursion formula for multiplicities of dominant weights in finite-dimensional irreducible modules for simple complex Lie algebras. The formula (a modification of Freudenthal's) and an algorithm for direct computation of the dominant weights are described in R. V. Moody, J. Patera, Fast recursion formula for weight multiplicities, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 7 (1982), 237-242. The program is interactive and was developed on the CDC Cyber 835. The user specifies a Lie algebra and a highest weight; the program computes the dominant weights and multiplicities faster than previous implementations of Freudenthal's formula. All computations are exact.
Platelet Receptors for the Complement Component C1q: Implications for Hemostasis and Thrombosis

Abstract Platelets participate in a variety of responses of the blood to injury (1). In addition to their well known role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets play, a role in inflammation and react with components of the immune system. Immune complexes and aggregated IgG, for example, are known to activate platelets via ligation of FcγRII receptors and induce the release of platelet granule contents, including biogenic amines and adenine nucleotides (2). Platelets also interact with the complement subcomponent C1q utilizing binding sites that are unrelated to C1s, a complement subcomponent which was originally suggested to support C1q binding to thrombocytes (3). The physiologic and pathologic consequences of platelet C1q receptor occupancy are incompletely understood. Platelet C1q receptors may contribute to immune complex localization and clearance, as has been suggested for C1q receptors on phagocytic cells (4), but considerable evidence is emerging to suggest that the interaction between C1q and platelets may influence hemostasis and perhaps, more profoundly, thrombotic complications resulting from immune injury. This review will summarize current concepts in C1q receptor biology as it relates to human platelet function and blood coagulation.
The inner life of medicine: a commentary on anthropologies of clinical training in the twenty-first century.

As I read through the essays for this provocative and resonant collection, I found myself entering an imaginative dialogue with each contributor. These scholar/ clinicians/social scientists/anthropologists of contemporary biomedicine mark a new generation of research and scholarly analysis on how medicine constructs its subjects as well as its objects (Good 1994), and how temporalities, narratives, places, spaces, and technologies create particular modes of clinical subjectivity as well as pathways to wisdom and good, challenges to being just, and dilemmas with being medical professionals in the contemporary world. The subjectivity and quests of the authors, not only of their research subjects, are interpreted, too, in many of these essays, conveying insight and immediacy—and encouraging self-reflection. It brings me to my new project on ‘‘the inner life of medicine’’ (an old title of a formerly unfinished collection of essays). The essays in this collection are good to think with as they vividly bring us into that ‘‘inner life of medicine’’ conveyed through its many facets. My dialogue with these essays begins with the editors’ question: what kinds of people are formed through contemporary processes of clinical training, and how do these evolving subjects transform health, power, and other aspects of social life? This question resonates with questions raised by my own scholarly work (and perhaps subjectivity), which emerged out of an unexpected and very long journey into many diverse worlds of medicine, psychiatry, international health and global health. I began academic life as a comparative political sociologist, with no interest in medicine, but rather with an interest in the role of the state in everyday life and in political subjectivity of citizens. I began my research in Turkey, where I spent 2 years as a Peace Corps volunteer working in orphanages; but due to the 1971 coup, I shifted my dissertation research to pre-Revolutionary Iran in Azerbaijan
THE CONSIDERATION OF SOME OF THE GLANDS OF INTERNAL SECRETION FROM A CHEMICAL VIEWPOINT

The Association for the Study of the Internal Secretions has been in existence for fifteen years. It has passed through its infancy without signs of thyroid deficiency and its growth curve indicates a normal, if not over active, pituitary. It has maintained a balanced proportion in its development so that neither the clinician nor the physiologist have induced what could be described as a neoplasm of malignant type. Its life blood is regularly delivered at constant pH through the pages of our journal. As we examine it today there is no sign of high blood pressure nor any evidence of arteriosclerosis. From the very beginning it has been composed of two groups: those who work either as clinicians or surgeons directly with patients and those who work in laboratories to determine the physiological significance and the chemical nature of the group of glands which deliver an internal secretion. It has become a custom for your president to give an address at the annual meeting of the Association. I shall continu...
Chromatogram Handler: A unique computer program that efficiently processes data generated in liquid chromatographic investigations of organic ligand adsorption on mineral surfaces

We describe a unique C# computer program developed in our laboratory to efficiently manipulate data generated when a novel liquid chromatographic (LC) 'pulsed addition' technique is used to study organic ligand interactions with mineral surfaces. We are not aware of the existence of a program of this nature elsewhere. Geochemically-relevant ligands studied include dissolved organic matter (DOM) mixtures and single component low molecular weight organic acids. Although our LC system has three optical (absorbance and fluorescence) detection channels, the utility can process data from experiments in which data was collected in one, two or three detection channels. If not automated, data management and processing for the technique is prohibitively complex and time-consuming, due large data volumes and the number of operations involved. The input for the utility in a processing run is the set of detector output files generated during an LC experiment. During processing, the utility generates an MS Excel output file within which, for each detection channel: (i) chromatographic peak areas and peak retention times are determined, (ii) area-normalized per-injection and cumulative adsorption densities are calculated, and (iii) graphical representations of various quantities calculated from the raw data are automatically generated. When processing data from experiments with multiple detection channels, the utility additionally prepares graphs that compare recovery values calculated from data in different detection channels, and calculates (and plots) spectroscopic/chromatographic indices which are ratios of signals in various detection channels. The utility was programmed to perform these additional operations on data from multi-channel experiments because (i) 'Interchannel' comparisons of recovery provide insight into the differing surface behavior of distinct DOM sub-fractions, and (ii) the spectroscopic indices provide a useful new form of data that provides insight into changes in solution-phase DOM composition due to adsorptive fractionation.
Wanted: A modern diesel-electric rail car

The self-propelled rail car is returning to a place of popularity as the railroads seek to reduce costs and attract additional passenger business. Current rail-car application in the United States covers relatively long main-line runs with diesel-hydraulic cars, and branch line service with light diesel-electric cars. Between these two extremes there lies a need for a main-line type of car capable of performing suburban service. Certain characteristics of the electric drive are well suited to this application.
A Threshold Line Dissociation Model for the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method

A new dissociation model for the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is formulated using the threshold line concept. This model considers in some detail the coupling between the vibrational energy distribution of molecules in a gas and the rate of dissociation. For a particular reaction, the new threshold line model only requires determination of a leading multiplicative constant and is therefore significantly less deterministic than existing DSMC chemistry models. The new model is evaluated in a heat bath under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. It is also employed to calculate hypersonic shock waves of nitrogen and air. Comparison of the results generated with the new model is made with existing experimental data and with previous computational results. The more detailed DSMC implementation reveals properties of the threshold line dissociation model not apparent in the previous continuum implementation.
Substitution patterns in the phonology of Spanish-speaking children

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of substitution errors in typically developing Spanish-speaking children and those with phonological disorders. Previous research with English-speaking children has indicated that the frequency and types of substitution errors are two types of information that speech-language pathologists can use to differentially diagnose phonological disorders. In addition, previous studies with Italian speakers [Bortolini, U., & Leonard, L. (). The speech of phonologically disordered children acquiring Italian. Clinical Linguisitcs & Phonetics, 5, 1 – 12.] and Portuguese speakers [Yavas, M., & Lamprecht, R. (). Processes and intelligibility in disordered phonology. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 2, 329 – 345.] have indicated that substitution errors differ based on ambient language. No study has examined this phenomenon in Spanish-speaking children. In the current study, frequency and types of substitution errors in 39 typically developing children were compared ...
NITRIC OXIDE POST-TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ALTERS THE EXPRESSION OF TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR, FERRITIN AND GLOBIN IN HUMAN K562 CELLS. • 44

NITRIC OXIDE POST-TRANSCRIPTIONALLY ALTERS THE EXPRESSION OF TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR, FERRITIN AND GLOBIN IN HUMAN K562 CELLS. • 44
A simplified laboratory validated assay for MGMT promoter hypermethylation analysis of glioma specimens from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue

Glioma, and in particular high-grade astrocytoma termed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most common primary tumor of the brain. Epigenetic silencing of the MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA Methyl transferase) DNA repair gene by promoter methylation compromises DNA repair and has been associated with longer survival in patients with GBM who receive alkylating agents. The methylation status of the MGMT promoter is determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis (MSP). This protocol is often challenging with GBM specimens, because of extensive necrosis and scarcity of malignant cells. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable, clinically validated assay for detection of epigenetic silencing of the MGMT gene using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tumor resections and methylation-specific PCR.
Volunteerism The Influences of Social, Religious, and Human Capital

This article uses data from the 2006 Social Capital Community Survey to examine the impact of social capital, religious capital, human capital, and attitudes on volunteerism. Five alternative struc...
Teaching Undergraduate Community Psychology: Integrating the Classroom and the Surrounding Community:

An undergraduate course in community psychology is described. This course provides students with an integrative learning experience, combining academic coursework, exposure to current sociopolitical affairs, and personal experience in working with individuals living on the fringes of society. The course appears effective in introducing students to the content, methodology, values, and perspectives of this discipline. Factors thought to contribute to the success of the course are discussed.
Executive dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: cognitive and neuroimaging findings

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been associated with a prominent disturbance of executive functions. There is no pathognomic neuropsychological profile for the disorder, however. Nonetheless, results of neuropsychological testing, in concert with other clinical information,provide a more comprehensive and detailed picture of the individual patient's cognitive and emotional strengths and weaknesses than a psychiatric diagnostic interview alone. This approach to the evaluation of ADHD therefore can provide a strong objective basis from which to make patient-specific recommendations for compensatory strategies and treatment. It should be noted, however, that although executive dysfunction in the form of impaired response inhibition remains the most prominent cognitive theory of ADHD, other theories have been put forth that also deserve further investigation. These include a disturbance in delay aversion (referring to intolerance for waiting) and impaired temporal processing, among others [79]. The neural substrates of executive dysfunction in ADHD have begun to be revealed by a growing body of structural and functional neuroimaging research. Although still in its infancy, neuroimaging of ADHD is pointing toward disruption of FSTC circuitry and the cerebellum as being central to the cognitive and motor abnormalities seen in the disorder. Further research using cognitive tasks assessing executive functions in combination with functional imaging techniques will provide further insight into the etiology of the disorder. It is expected that advances in structural and functional neuroimaging will yield valuable information that will facilitate the differential diagnosis of ADHD. Evidence cited suggests that psychostimulant medication can improve executive functions and their underlying FSTC circuitry. Furthermore, a recent study of adults with ADHD found significant improvements in organization skills and other symptoms of ADHD following cognitive remediation targeting several executive and emotional aspects of the disorder [80]. Additional studies investigating the effects of treatment on executive dysfunction and brain integrity in ADHD will be necessary to determine the degree to which the structural and functional brain abnormalities observed are mutable. Finally, because the myriad cognitive, behavioral and emotional symptoms in ADHD likely reflect the interplay of multiple cognitive and psychosocial factors, development of treatments for ADHD likely will require a multi-modal approach.
Optical Bleaching of Bismuth Implanted Silica Glass: A Threshold Effect

The near surface regions of high purity silica glass discs, Spectrosil A, were modified by implantation with bismuth ions at 160 key and room temperature. The glasses implanted with a nominal dose of 6[times]10[sup 16] Bi/cm[sup 2] at [approximately]5 [mu]A/cm[sup 2] were subsequently bleached with a 5.0 eV KrF pulsed excimer laser. The laser had an average pulse duration of [approximately]20 ns and repetition rate of 10 Hz. It was found that the bleaching was dependent upon the power density of the laser for a constant total integrated energy. Ion backscattering and optical absorption measurements were made before and after laser irradiation. Large changes in optical density and depth distribution of the implanted ions were observed at power densities of [ge]45 mJ/cm[sup 2]-pulse. Onset of threshold for bleaching of silica glass implanted with 6[times]10[sup 16] Bi/cm[sup 2] at 160 key and at room temperature is between 30 and 45 mJ/cm[sup 2]-pulse.
Tissue- and developmental stage-specific activation of α5 and α6(IV) collagen expression in the upper gastrointestinal tract of transgenic mice

Little is known about mechanisms regulating gene expression for the a chains of basement membrane type IV collagen, arranged head-to-head in transcription units COL4A1–COL4A2, COL4A3–COL4A4, and COL4A5–COL4A6, and implicated broadly in genetic diseases. To investigate these mechanisms, we generated transgenic mouse lines bearing 5 0 -flanking sequences of COL4A5 and COL4A6, cloned upstream of a lacZ reporter gene. A 3.8-kb fragment upstream of COL4A6 directs reporter gene expression in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, whereas a 13.8-kb fragment directs expression in the esophagus only. A 10.6-kb fragment upstream of COL4A5 directs expression in the esophagus. Coupled with evidence of long-range conservation between human and mouse non-coding sequences, described herein, our findings provide the first indication that highly specialized patterns characteristic of COL4A5–COL4A6 expression in vivo arise from effects of distributed cis-acting regulatory elements on a bidirectional proximal promoter, itself transcriptionally competent. 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Strengthening of Glass Surfaces by Sulfur Trioxide Treatment

Removal of soda from a glass surface at high temperature can, on cooling, give appreciable strengthening due to lowering of the expansion coefficient at the surface. Soda depletion has been accomplished previously by treating a high-expansion soda-lime glass with SO2 in the presence of oxygen and water. The depletion rate can be doubled by using dispersed platinum to catalyze the oxidation of SO2 to SO3 before the gas reacts with soda from the glass. The data are consistent with the soda depletion being Fickian both with and without the catalyst. Alumina in the glass composition markedly increases the strength which can be attained by sulfur oxide treatment. Although the percentage of soda retained in the leached layer increases, the total amount of soda removed from the glass also increases as alumina increases. It must follow that the depth of the layer is increased.
Cardiovascular defects in a mouse model of HOXA1 syndrome

Congenital heart disease is one of the most common human birth defects, yet many genes and pathways regulating heart development remain unknown. A recent study in humans revealed that mutations in a single Hox gene, HOXA1 (Athabascan Brainstem Dysgenesis Syndrome, Bosley-Salih-Alorainy Syndrome), can cause severe cardiovascular malformations, some of which are lethal without surgical intervention. Since the discovery of the human syndromes, there have been no reports of any Hox mouse mutants with cardiac defects, hampering studies to explore the developmental causes of the human disease. In this study, we identify severe cardiovascular malformations in a Hox mouse model, which mimic the congenital heart defects in HOXA1 syndrome patients. Hoxa1 null mice show defects such as interrupted aortic arch, aberrant subclavian artery and Tetralogy of Fallot, demonstrating that Hoxa1 is required for patterning of the great arteries and outflow tract of the heart. We show that during early embryogenesis, Hoxa1 is expressed in precursors of cardiac neural crest cells (NCCs), which populate the heart. We further demonstrate that Hoxa1 acts upstream of several genes, important for neural crest specification. Thus, our data allow us to suggest a model in which Hoxa1 regulates heart development through its influence on cardiac NCCs, providing insight into the mechanisms underlying the human disease.
On making meanings: : Curators, social assembly, and mashups

The central argument of this article is that institutional theory is fundamentally concerned with the creation, distribution, and application of meaning. The field today only recognizes two of these three collective practices: what we term meaning-evangelizing, concern for how actors and institutions distribute and contest meanings; and meaning-applying, how and to what end actors apply existing, established categorical systems and logics to token objects, actors, organizations, and so on. This essay focuses on the third, less studied leg: meaning-making, the construction of the meanings that guide social actors. This essay offers a theoretical path for exploring meaning-making by discussing its actors, actions, and outcomes: the institutional actors who create meanings (such as curators), how they do it (social assembly), and what is made (social mashups, i.e., candidate meanings).
Modeler independent procedural interfaces for solid modeling

This paper describes modeler independent application programming interfaces called adaptors. A solid modeler is augmented with an adaptor so as to provide a standard procedural interface to applications and function as a geometric server. Adaptors give the applications portability and free the application programmers from the details of specific modelers. Adaptors have been developed at USC for two different modelers, PADL-2 (a Constructive Solid Geometry system) and Parasolid (a boundary modeler). The issues raised in adaptor development and their solutions are discussed. Adaptors are routinely used at USC in a distributed environment where a solid modeler augmented with an adaptor, an application, and a renderer run as separate processes and communicate with one another through local area networks.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Nanotube-Polymer Thin Films with High Electrical Conductivity and Transparency

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly was used to deposit transparent, highly conductive thin films using aqueous solutions of nanotubes stabilized by deoxycholate (DOC) and poly(diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). Three different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used: (1) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), (2) a mixture of single, di- and tri-walled nanotubes (XM grade) and (3) purified HiPCO single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). SWNTs produced the most transparent (> 85 %T across visible spectrum) and electrically conductive (˜ 150 S/cm) 20-bilayer films with 42 nm thickness. Moreover, optoelectronic performance of SWNT-based thin films was improved with heat treatment due to the removal of PDDA. A 20-bilayer SWNT LbL film achieved a conductivity of 369 S/cm with a 5 min exposure to 400 °C. This study demonstrates the ability of the LbL technique to produce highly transparent and conductive nanotube-based thin films, which may be useful for a variety of large area electronics applications.
Lipid oxidation in foods

This review discusses the basic chemical reactions that affect food flavor quality. Although there are many reactions that can lead to the deterioration of quality in foods, this review focuses on lipid oxidation and how it adversely affects flavor principles. It also presents technological advances for studying the basic mechanism of lipid oxidation, for measuring its intensity, and for retaining food quality. The food commodities that provide the subject matter for this review include vegetable oils, legumes, cereal grains, eggs, beef, lamb, poultry, seafoods, and catfish. The methodologies for assessing food quality form a multidisciplinary approach that includes primarily instrumental analysis by direct gas chromatography, chemical analysis by the TBA test, and sensory analysis by quantitative descriptive determinations. The author hopes that the information presented in this review is applicable to food commodities not discussed.
Distinct Membrane Fractions from Mouse Sperm Bind Different Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins

Interactions between sperm and zona pellucida (ZP) during mammalian fertilization are not well characterized at the molecular level. To identify sperm proteins that recognize ligand ZP3, we used sonicated sperm membrane fractions as competitors in a quantitative binding assay. Sonicated membranes were density fractionated into 4 fractions. Bands 1‐3 contained membrane vesicles, and band 4 contained axonemal and midpiece fragments. In competitive binding assays, bands 1, 2, and 3 but not band 4 were able to compete with live, capacitated, intact sperm for soluble 125 I-ZP binding. Affinity-purified ZP fractions consisting of a ZP3-enriched fraction ( 125 I-ZP3) and a fraction enriched for ligands ZP1 and ZP2 and depleted of ZP3 ( 125 I-ZP1/ 2) were obtained by antibody affinity purification of ZP3. In competitive binding assays, bands 2 and 3 competed for 125 I-ZP3 binding, but band 1 did not interact with enriched 125 I-ZP3. None of the membrane fractions competed for 125 I-ZP1/2 binding. These results demonstrate that band 2 and band 3 contain sperm components that interact with ZP3 alone and that components in band 1 interact with ZP3 in conjunction with either ZP1 or ZP2. These data indicate that there must be at least 2 unique sperm plasma membrane components that mediate intact sperm interactions with ZP glycoproteins in mouse. Bands 2 and 3 are likely to contain a primary ZP-binding protein because they interacted directly with ZP3, whereas band 1 may contain sperm proteins involved in later interactions with the ZP, perhaps transitional interactions to maintain sperm contact with the ZP during acrosomal exocytosis. acrosome reaction, fertilization, gamete biology, signal transduction, sperm
Constructing Effective Environmental Regimes

In the environmental literature, accounts of cooperative progress commonly emphasize the activity and leadership of nongovernmental organizations, as well as the constitutive roles that environmental regimes play by legitimizing, by promoting reflectivist discourse, and by redefining roles. This essay lays out the differences between the constructivist and political-economic theories of environmental regime effectiveness and examines the extent to which the constructivist emphasis is empirically justified by three recent collections of case studies. Of the surprisingly modest effects that environmental regimes have had, most appear to have come through the use of mechanisms that already play a prominent role in the political economy literature. Constructivist processes, despite the attention they have received, appear to have had only a marginal impact.
An 18-Year-Old Woman With Fever, Diffuse Pulmonary Opacities, and Rapid Onset of Respiratory Failure

(CHEST 2006; 130:1938–1941) A n 18-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with chest pain, dyspnea, and dry cough for 1 day. Dry cough was the initial symptom accompanied with fever and malaise. Approximately 12 h before presentation, shortness of breath developed. Dyspnea rapidly progressed; at the time of presentation, she was in respiratory distress. The patient also complained of diffuse chest pain at presentation. Her medical history was significant for Lyme disease at age 8 years. She denied using illicit drugs. The patient also had no exposure to animals and had no risk factors for HIV infection. She reported smoking a few cigarettes a day for several weeks before presentation. She was not taking any medications. Occupational exposure and family histories were noncontributory.
Electrical Forces For Microscale Cell Manipulation

Electrical forces for manipulating cells at the microscale include electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis. Electrophoretic forces arise from the interaction of a cell’s charge and an electric field, whereas dielectrophoresis arises from a cell’s polarizability. Both forces can be used to create microsystems that separate cell mixtures into its component cell types or act as electrical “handles” to transport cells or place them in specific locations. This review explores the use of these two forces for microscale cell manipulation. We first examine the forces and electrodes used to create them, then address potential impacts on cell health, followed by examples of devices for both separating cells and handling them.
Detection of Neisseria meningitidis from Negative Blood Cultures and Cerebrospinal Fluid with the FilmArray Blood Culture Identification Panel

The FilmArray blood culture identification (BCID) panel is a rapid molecular diagnostic test approved for use with positive blood culture material. We describe a fatal case of meningococcemia with central nervous system (CNS) involvement detected using the BCID test with culture-negative blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
Nicotine synthase - an enzyme from nicotiana species which catalyzes the formation of (S)-nicotine from nicotinic acid and 1-methyl-δ'pyrrolinium chloride

Abstract A cell-free enzyme preparation has been obtained from Nicotiana species which, in the presence of oxygen, catalyzes the formation of ( S )-nicotine from [2- 3 H]nicotinic acid and 1-methyl-Δ'-pyrrolinium chloride.
Organizational structure and processes in pediatric heart transplantation: a survey of practices.

Stendahl G, Bobay K, Berger S, Zangwill S. Organizational structure and processes in pediatric heart transplantation: A survey of practices. Abstract: Despite emerging literature on pediatric heart transplantation, there continues to be variation in current practices. The degree of variability among heart transplant programs has not been previously characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate organizational structure and practices of pediatric heart transplant programs. The UNOS database was queried to identify institutions according to volume. Coordinators from 50 institutions were invited to participate with a 70% response rate. Centers were grouped by volume into four categories. Some institutional practices were dominated by clear volume trends. Ninety-five percent of larger centers routinely transplant patients with known antibody sensitization and report a broader range and acuity of recipients. Ninety-four percent report problems with non-adherence. Sixty-nine percent of centers routinely require prospective crossmatches. There was dramatic variation in the use of steroids across all centers. Sixty-five percent of centers transition adolescents to an adult program. Prophylaxis protocols were also highly inconsistent. This survey provided a comprehensive insight into current practices at pediatric heart transplant programs. The results delineated remarkably variable strategies for routine aspects of care. Analysis of divergence along with uniformity across protocols is a valuable exercise and may serve as a stepping-stone toward ongoing cooperation and clarity for evidence-based practice protocols.