cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethnic/Diasporic/Transnational: The Rise and Fall of ImaginAsian TV

This article examines the rise and fall of ImaginAsian TV to illustrate the travails of imagining a broadcast community of Asian Americans and the potential effect this has on the politics of representation. Drawing on institutional politics, media history, and oral interviews, the article analyzes the problematic conceptualization of a homogeneous Asian American audience, and further explicates how the usage of the English language in ImaginAsian’s programming strategy, despite its syndicated programs in different Asian languages, could not accommodate the disparate but interconnected cultural logics of transnationalism, race and ethnicity, and diaspora which structure Asian and Asian American identities.
A software-defined radio based automatic modulation classifier

Automatic modulation classifiers (AMC) are one of the basic building blocks of electronic warfare receivers and cognitive radios. Although many research papers on AMC algorithms have been published, very few results on their implementation are available. This paper presents a feature-based AMC built upon a software-defined radio platform. The developed AMC can detect signals over a broad spectrum and classify the modulation used. The modulation schemes considered are amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), phase-shift keying (PSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the developed AMC algorithm and its implementation.
Development of ceramic mixed potential sensors for automotive applications

Abstract Mixed potential sensors that utilize Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 1.9 electrolytes and patterned dense 1-μm thick LaMnO 3 thin films were studied at 600 °C and 1%O 2 . The response to C 3 H 6 and CO of two different sensor configurations were studied continuously for 1000 h versus an air reference. Although two different current collection schemes and two different metal oxide electrode geometries were employed, the magnitude of the mixed potential generated by both sensors was remarkably similar. From previous work with Au–ceria–Pt mixed potential sensors, this behavior is attributed to precisely controlling the metal oxide electrode/solid electrolyte interface unlike the undefined interface produced when Au electrodes are used. Although doped ceria is not a suitable electrolyte for automotive exhaust gas applications, this work serves to illustrate design goals for zirconia-based sensors.
Poster Abstract: Flexible, Fine Grained Access Control for Internet of Things

Existing access control strategies for Internet of Things cannot provide good flexibility, robustness or quick response. We propose an access control approach of finer granularity and techniques supporting bulk operation to make interaction in IoT more flexible. Also, a decentralized strategy and data centric network techniques are used to enhance the system robustness and swiftness. We implement our design and conduct evaluation on security and performance.
Chiral Inactivation: An Old Phenomenon with a New Twist

Mixing of enantiomers of chiral molecules can have remarkable effects on the properties of their higher order assemblies. This, in turn, may have profound impact on both structural and functional outcomes, and has been noted across a wide range of contexts. This account presents key examples from organic, organometallic and bioorganic molecular sciences and showcases that, in disciplines as distinct as asymmetric catalysis and racemic protein crystallography, there is a fundamental way in which enantiomers differ from racemates.
Road Tanker Dynamics Interacting with Liquid Sloshing Dynamics

Research activities pertaining to road tankers dynamics and stability may be classified into three groups. These are liquid sloshing dynamics in moving containers, trucks dynamics carrying solids, and dynamic coupling of liquid-vehicle systems. The most serious problems of road tankers is rollover accidents due to lateral acceleration during vehicle maneuvers. For this reason many countries have imposed regulations for the minimum threshold of vehicle lateral acceleration during its maneuvers. This threshold value is usually estimated on quasi-dynamic approach which assumes that the liquid free surface takes a position orthogonal to the total body forces due to gravity and lateral acceleration. The modal analysis of liquid free surface on common tank cross-section geometries, such as horizontal circular, elliptic and generic cross section is presented together with the corresponding equivalent mechanical models . In particular, the Trammel equivalent pendulum received extensive research activities and the main results are discussed. The most difficult problem of road tankers is the coupling dynamics of liquid and vehicle dynamics under different conditions such as braking and lateral acceleration. In view of its complex nature, computer numerical simulations have been developed.
Is cannabis an effective treatment for joint pain

Cannabis has been used to treat pain for thousands of years. However, since the early part of the 20th century, laws restricting cannabis use have limited its evaluation using modern scientific criteria. Over the last decade, the situation has started to change because of the increased availability of cannabis in the United States for either medical or recreational purposes, making it important to provide the public with accurate information as to the effectiveness of the drug for joint pain among other indications. The major psychotropic component of cannabis is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of some 120 naturally occurring phytocannabinoids. Cannabidiol (CBD) is another molecule found in herbal cannabis in large amounts. Although CBD does not produce psychotropic effects, it has been shown to produce a variety of pharmacological effects. Hence, the overall effects of herbal cannabis represent the collective activity of THC, CBD and a number of minor components. The action of THC is mediated by two major G-protein coupled receptors, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and CB2, and recent work has suggested that other targets may also exist. Arachidonic acid derived endocannabinoids are the normal physiological activators of the two cannabinoid receptors. Natural phytocannabinoids and synthetic derivatives have produced clear activity in a variety of models of joint pain in animals. These effects are the result of both inhibition of pain pathway signalling (mostly CB1) and anti-inflammatory effects (mostly CB2). There are also numerous anecdotal reports of the effectiveness of smoking cannabis for joint pain. Indeed, it is the largest medical request for the use of the drug. However, these reports generally do not extend to regulated clinical trials for rheumatic diseases. Nevertheless, the preclinical and human data that do exist indicate that the use of cannabis should be taken seriously as a potential treatment of joint pain.
Treatment of a bilaterally nephrectomized patient with recombinant IFNα-2b (IFN): Pharmacokinetic evaluation suggests that approximately 50% of serum IFN is eliminated by hemodialysis.

3818 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of IFN in a bilaterally nephrectomized patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. It is well known that greater than 80% of administered interferon is cleared by the kidneys via filtration through the glomerulus, reabsorption in the proximal tubules and, ultimately lysosomal degradation without urinary excretion. It was previously thought that dose modification of IFN in dialysis patients was unnecessary because the pharmacokinetics of IFN in these patients was similar to that of patients with normal renal function. However, more recent reports suggest that there is a difference between the two and thus dose modification is necessary. Published reports evaluating IFN in dialysis patients are few and all either use natural IFN (vs recombinant) or are in Hepatitis C patients, neither of which is consistent with the usual metastatic renal cell carcinoma patient. We compared the serum levels of IFN, at specified times pre- and post-dialysis, with serum levels of IFN in a control patient with normally functioning kidneys. Our analysis revealed that with each dialysis approximately 50% of the serum IFN is removed. In addition, if TIW(three times per week) IFN is given, there is a steady state accumulation of IFN that ultimately can lead to relatively high serum levels (157 pg/ml in our patient after just 7 TIW doses of IFN) even with TIW hemodialysis. To our knowledge, this is the only report evaluating pre and post-dialysis IFN levels in a patient who is status post bilateral nephrectomy.
Acupuncture and in vitro fertilisation research: current and future directions.

Background Acupuncture is a common adjuvant treatment to support patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, the impact of acupuncture and the different roles it can play in IVF remain unclear. Objective In this paper, we present an overview and critique of the current evidence on acupuncture’s impact on IVF-related stress, describe harms, and propose future directions for investigation. Conclusion Two to three acupuncture sessions performed on or around the day of embryo transfer are insufficient interventions to improve IVF birth outcomes but provide significant IVF-related stress reduction. Research investigating acupuncture to support IVF is heterogeneous and confounded by the lack of an appropriate comparator. However, evidence suggests several acupuncture sessions improve endometrial thickness, reduce stress, and improve patient satisfaction. Observational studies suggest more sessions are associated with increases in clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. An optimised acupuncture intervention with a reasonable comparator is necessary for future studies, with evidence-based guidance on technique and number of sessions. Acupuncture should not be rejected as an adjuvant therapy for IVF, but more studies are needed to clarify acupuncture’s role in supporting IVF cycles.
Arrhythmia Identification: Stabilization and Treatment

Of the over 25 million yearly pediatric emergency room (ER) visits in the United States, primary cardiac-related issues in children <18 years of age are much less common than seen in adults who frequently present with acute coronary issues (Wier et al., Overview of children in the emergency department 2010. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2013). However, heart rate changes and arrhythmias occur not infrequently, and monitoring the rate and rhythm and obtaining an electrocardiogram (ECG) are often useful. Since children are seen in many ER settings from those in a dedicated children’s hospital to primarily adult-oriented hospitals, to urgent care facilities, and to rural areas where pediatric specialty services may not be readily available, interpretation of pediatric ECGs often becomes the responsibility of physicians who may have limited experience with the age-related variances of ECG patterns among children with and without congenital heart defects (CHD) (Lee et al., Korean Circ J 40: 36–41, 2010). In addition, with the increasing numbers of patients with repaired congenital heart defects surviving into adulthood who present to emergency rooms with various complaints, variations of their ECGs associated with their underlying anatomical/structural CHD may mimic ECG findings associated with ischemic coronary disease. In this regard, close examination of the full 15-lead ECG, rather than a single rhythm strip, is often required for proper interpretation. In addition the computer interpretation of ECGs may be erroneous with a reported error rate up to 75% which can result in unnecessary additional testing and costs, as well as patient distress and inappropriate referrals to cardiac specialists (Shah and Rubin, J Electrocardiol 40: 385–390, 2007; Guglin and Datwani, J Electrocardiol 40: 144–146, 2007).
Impact of platform motion on hyperspectral imaging target detection and ground resolution distance

Hyperspectral imagers are often used in an airborne platform and have shown utility in material detection and identification. In these scenarios the sensor is flown over a scene and the motion of the aircraft and/or the scanning action of a gimbal causes motion blur in the collected imagery. The only solution to this problem is to use expensive pointing gimbals to stabilize the imager and allow for step scanning. The effects of motion blur are dependent on scan speed and integration time of the imager. A Headwall visible hyperspectral imager collected data of a knife edge target to experimentally show the effect of motion blur on spatial resolution in the along scan direction. A data cube was then used to simulate single-pixel and sub-pixel targets. A simulated step scanned scene and continuously scanned scene were then compared using target detection results. The continuous scanned scene showed a twenty five percent drop in performance over the step scanned scene.
Author Correction: New activities for old antibiotics.

In the version of this News and Views originally published, the author made an incorrect reference to ‘mice deficient in Mx1’. This has now been corrected so that the text instead refers to ‘mice congenic for Mx1’. The full corrected sentence reads as “Pretreatment of mice congenic for Mx1, an ISG that is critical for protection of animals from influenza, with intranasal neomycin significantly improved survival; however, about 50% of the mice died.”
Partitioned and Adaptive Algorithms for Explicit Time Integration

Two computational algorithms for the explicit time integration of the equations of motion with different time steps within a mesh are presented. The first is a mesh partition, which has been generalized so that an arbitrary number of time steps can be used. The second method chooses the time step for each node and element, and this time step depends on the current material properties, so that the method is adaptive. Results are presented for some simple one dimensional nonlinear problems.
Not by Ganglion Cells Alone: Directional Selectivity is Widespread in Identified Cells of the Turtle Retina

Directionally selective (DS) ganglion and cortical cells spike more in preferred directions of movement because the underlying postsynaptic potentials (psp’s) are large and suprathreshold, compared to smaller (or subthreshold) psp’s in antipreferred (or null) directions (Jensen and DeVoe, 1983). What makes the psp’s smaller in the antipreferred directions are the earlier arrivals of ipsp’s, with negative or positive sign, that add to, or shunt, resp., the later arriving epsp’s (Marchiafava, 1979; Watanabe and Murakami, 1984; Douglas et al., 1988). From extracellular recordings, it appears that ACh is an excitatory transmitter and GABA the inhibitory transmitter onto DS ganglion and cortical cells (Sillitoe, 1977; Ariel and Adolph, 1985). It is generally presumed that in the retina the ACh and GABA are released from amacrine cells.
Multiple device-to-device users underlaying downlink cellular networks with superposition coding

Abstract Device-to-Device (D2D) communications has been proposed to provide high data rate service via direct transmissions between devices. Cooperation between the cellular user (CU) and the D2D user can be achieved using superposition coding, where the D2D transmitter (DT) allocates some of its transmission power to forward the CU’s traffic, and transmits to its own D2D receiver (DR) with the remaining power. The sum rate of the cellular and D2D networks in existing schemes are limited by allowing only a single pair of D2D users underlaying the cellular network. In this paper, we propose several new spectrum access policies involving multiple D2D pairs. Despite the additional interference, it is shown that both the CU and the individual D2D users’ achievable rates can be improved simultaneously by adjusting the power allocation factor in the superposition coding, resulting in a significant gain in the sum rate when the number of D2D pairs are below a threshold. This threshold is quantified using second order approximations for the average achievable rates for both the CU and the individual D2D users for different policies.
Portomesenteric Venous Complications after Pancreatic Surgery with Venous Reconstruction: Imaging and Intervention.

Successful pancreatic surgery involving en bloc portomesenteric venous resection and reconstruction requires sound knowledge of the typical anatomy and imaging findings seen during surgery, postsur...
Healthy Living: Changing your lifestyle to improve your blood pressure

Most people know that high blood pressure can often be improved by making smart dietary choices and choosing foods lower in sodium. But did you know there are other ways to help control high blood pressure and even prevent it? This 4-page fact sheet is a major revision that discusses four lifestyle changes that can help you keep blood pressure down. Written by Karla P. Shelnutt and Linda B. Bobroff, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, revised February 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1129
Chapter 14 – Corals

Corals have played an important role in paleoclimatology by providing dateable material associated with former sea-level positions. In some areas, reefs have been tectonically uplifted above present sea level, providing detailed records of former sea-level position, if the uplift history can be estimated. Questions related to stratigraphy, dating, diagenetic changes, etc., add additional uncertainties. Nevertheless, with appropriate sample selection, corals can provide independent checks on the timing and magnitude of sea-level changes, as reconstructed from marine sediments. Here, the focus is on the paleoclimatic record captured during growth of the corals.
Business. Ethics. Inevitable Dilemmas of Multicriteria Decisions.

Business decisions consider alternatives and make choices to further strategic business goals. Measures of business success are likely to be financial, including profit, revenue, sales, market share, cost of production, quality of products, innovative product development. Ethical decisions make choices among right and wrong outcomes or processes. Assessment of ethical choices may or may not be easily quantified, including consideration of positive and negative consequences, moral principles, and fair process. Inevitably, then, business-ethics decisions will involve multiple decision criteria. When these criteria conflict there will be dilemmas that may be difficult to resolve. Sometimes ethical business decisions will be profitable, sometimes ethical business decisions will be more costly than less ethical alternatives and therefore be less profitable. Multicriteria analysis tools are designed for such decision dilemmas, yet responsibility inheres to the people who must choose. Conclusions are drawn for algorithmic decision tools.
Shortcomings of human-in-the-loop optimization of an ankle-foot prosthesis emulator: a case series.

Human-in-the-loop optimization allows for individualized device control based on measured human performance. This technique has been used to produce large reductions in energy expenditure during wa...
Evaluating the Success of Forest Restoration

Forest restoration projects are occurring throughout the world. Restoration projects can vary greatly depending on the type of forest and the type of stressors that have caused ecosystem degradation and the need for restoration. Because of this variability, and because objective criteria for determining the success of restoration projects are lacking, it is difficult to evaluate the overall success of forest restoration projects. Using ecological standards developed for river restoration as a model, a similar set of standards was applied to forest restoration projects. The standards put forward can be used to evaluate the success of ecosystem restoration universally through the use of site-specific indicators of ecological success. This analysis found that many but not all of the criteria are being used to evaluate forest restoration success. Furthermore, the ecological health of the restored ecosystem is not always prioritized, as socioeconomic values are occasionally favored. Thus, it is important for a set of evaluation criteria primarily related to ecological health to be readily accepted by forest restoration practitioners.
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing: Evolution, Indications, and Role in Clinical Practice

A wide range of immune modulating agents and options for cancer chemotherapeutic agents have led to decreased immunity in human hosts, thereby leading to an increase in the incidence of fungal infections. There has been a parallel increase in the availability of antifungal agents. Antifungal susceptibility testing is important for clinicians to choose or de-escalate to an appropriate antifungal agent and for epidemiological studies. Caution must be used when interpreting susceptibility results as some have not been fully validated for patient care.
Utilization of multiband aerial photographs in urban housing quality studies.

Multiband aerial photography utilization for evaluating urban housing quality compared with present data collection methods
Genetic Characterization of a Stable F' lac Plasmid.

A mutant F′ plasmid has been isolated in a strain of Salmonella typhimurium harboring Fts114lac. This mutant, designated FlacS, exhibits unique genetic stability in strains of S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli. It shows no thermolability and is lost at frequencies of 20 to 100 times less than the wild-type F′lac (F42) in the same genetic backgrounds. The FlacS is also insensitive to conventional plasmid curing agents, whereas both Fts114lac and F42 are readily cured. The nature of the mutation(s) conferring stability to the FlacS is unclear, but plasmid linkage has been established. The high frequency of conjugal transfer of the FlacS and its behavior in recombination-deficient strains of S. typhimurium and E. coli argue against its stability being due to stable chromosomal integration. The FlacS is also capable of transferring chromosomal markers in S. typhimurium and E. coli mating systems. No major differences in chromosomal mobilization have been observed among F42, Fts114lac, and FlacS donors of either genus.
Personal Relationships and Support for Gay Rights

Since the early days of the gay liberation movement, activists have argued that coming out to heterosexuals would increase acceptance of homosexuality and support for gay rights. Though the empirical research has generally supported this hypothesis, it has not adequately controlled for reciprocal causation: having positive attitudes toward homosexuality increases the probability that a gay, lesbian, or bisexual person (LGB) will come out to you. This paper re-estimates the effect of knowing LGBs on support for gay rights using individual-level data from 27 surveys of the national population conducted since 1983. I first assess whether the same characteristics predict both attitudes and acquaintance. I next examine the effect of knowing LGBs on acceptance of homosexuality and support for gay rights in three ways: using logit models that control for the demographic and political variables used in step one, using propensity score matching to restrict comparisons of those who know LGBs to others who are as similar as possible, and using logit models for support for gay rights that also control for acceptance of homosexuality. Findings confirm that knowing LGBs affects beliefs on the morality of homosexual relations, employment discrimination, gays in the military, sodomy laws, and same-sex marriage.
Ghost Hunters of the South

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Alan Brown Year: 2006 Pages: 272 Publisher: University Press of Mississippi ISBN: 9781578068920 (hard cover). Prices: $50.00 USD(hard cover).
Comorbidities in vestibular migraine.

A growing body of clinical and epidemiological evidence supports a specific relationship between vestibular symptoms and migraine. Without a biomarker or complete understanding of pathophysiology, diagnosis of vestibular migraine (VM) currently depends upon symptoms in two dimensions: episodic vestibular symptoms temporally related to migraine symptoms. The Barany Society and the International Headache Society have recently developed consensus diagnostic criteria. However, many issues remain unsettled, including the type, duration, and timing of vestibular symptoms related to headache that should be required for diagnosing VM. This paper focuses on the challenging third dimension of comorbidity, a frequent cause of diagnostic uncertainty that may confound clinical application and research validation of VM criteria. Several other neurotologic conditions occur more frequently in migraineurs than controls, including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere's disease, and motion sickness. Patients with VM also have high rates of chronic subjective dizziness, which may be associated with anxious, introverted temperaments that can affect clinical presentation and treatment response. Broadly inclusive studies of well-characterized patients with other neurotologic and psychiatric comorbidities are needed to fully understand how vestibular symptoms and migraine interact in order to truly validate vestibular migraine, distill its essential features, define its boundaries, and characterize overlapping comorbidities.
MESSENGER orbital observations of large‐amplitude Kelvin‐Helmholtz waves at Mercury's magnetopause

We present a survey of Kelvi\ n-Helmholtz (KH) waves at Mercury's magnetopause during MESSENGER's first Mercury year in orb it. The waves were identified on the basis of the well-established sawtooth wave signatures that are associated with non-linear KH vortices at the magnetopause. MESSENGER frequently observed such KH waves in the dayside region of the magnetosphere where the magnetosheath flow velocity is still sub -sonic, which implies that instability growth rates at Mercury's magnetopau~ are much larger than at Earth. We attribute these greater rates to the limited wave energy dissipation in Mercury's highly resistive regolith. The wave amplitude was often on the order of ' 00 nT or more, and the wave periods were - 10- 20 s. A clear dawn-dusk asymmetry is present in the data, in that all of the observed wave events occurred in the post-noon and dusk-side sectors of the magnetopause. This asymmetry is like ly related to finite Larmor-radius effects and is in agreement with results from particle-in-cell simulations of the instability. The waves were observed almost exclusively during periods when the north-south component of the magnetosheath magnetic field was northward, a pattern similar to that for most terrestrial KH wave events. Accompanying plasma measurements show that the waves were associated with the transport of magnetosheath plasma into the magnetosphere.
The Cartan–Dieudonné Theorem

In this chapter the structure of the orthogonal group is studied in more depth. In particular, we prove that every isometry in O(n) is the composition of at most n reflections about hyperplanes (for n ≥ 2, see Theorem 7.2.1). This important result is a special case of the “Cartan-Dieudonne theorem” (Cartan [29], Dieudonne [47]). We also prove that every rotation in SO(n) is the composition of at most n flips (for n ≥ 3).
Effect of low and high amounts of a structured lipid containing fish oil on protein metabolism in enterally fed burned rats

To determine the optimal fat intake and source in nutritional support, we measured the protein-sparing effects of a structured lipid (SL) derived from 60% medium-chain triglyc- enide (MCT) and 40% fish oil and a 50:50 soybean to safflower oil emulsion (long-chain triglyceride, LCT). Male Sprague- Dawley rats received an enteral diet for 7 d with either all non- protein energy as dextrose (control diet) or I 0% or 35% nonpro- tein energy as SL or LCT. The rats were burned on day 3. Indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance were measured on day 2 (pre- burn) and days 4 and 6 (postburn). Respiratory quotient de- creased postburn. There was a significant increase in total energy expenditure postburn, particularly with 35% LCT. Nitrogen bal- ance was best without fat and 10% fat compared with 35% fat and with SL compared with LCT. These results confirm previous studies that fish oil-containing SLs possess protein-sparing ef- fects in burn injury and that 10% SL seems optimal for nutritional support in burn injury. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:2l6-22.
LaPlace's law revisited: Cecal perforation as an unusual presentation of pancreatic carcinoma

Background Pancreatic cancer is often locally and distally aggressive, but initial presentation as cecal perforation is uncommon.
A standardized grading system for scleritis.

Objective This study evaluated the performance of a standardized grading system for scleritis using standard digital photographs. Design Cross-sectional interobserver agreement study. Participants Photo archives from the National Eye Institute. Methods Three uveitis specialists from 3 different centers graded 79 randomly arranged images of the sclera with various degrees of inflammation. Grading was done using standard screen resolution (1024×768 pixels) on a 0 to 4+ scale in 2 sessions: (1) without using reference photographs and (2) with reference to a set of standard photographs (proposed grading system). The graders were masked to the order of images, and the order of images was randomized. Interobserver agreement in grading the severity of inflammation with and without the use of grading system was evaluated. Main Outcome Measures Interobserver agreement. Results The proposed grading system for assessing activity in scleritis demonstrated a good interobserver agreement. Interobserver agreement (pooled κ) was poor (0.289) without photographic guidance and improved substantially when the "grading system" with standardized photographs was used (κ = 0.603). Conclusions This system of standardized images for scleritis grading provides significantly more consistent grading of scleral inflammation in this study and has clear applications in clinical settings and clinical research. Financial Disclosure(s) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Lifestyle and health factors associated with progressing and remitting trajectories of untreated lower urinary tract symptoms among elderly men.

Knowledge of factors associated with the course of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) before treatment is needed to inform preventive interventions. In a prospective study of elderly men untreated for LUTS, we identified factors associated with symptom progression and remission. In community-dwelling US men aged ⩾65 years, the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA-SI) was repeated four times, once at baseline (2000–2002) and then every 2 years thereafter. Analyses included 1740 men with all four AUA-SI assessments, who remained free from diagnosed prostate cancer, and who reported no treatment for LUTS or BPH during follow-up that averaged 6.9 (±0.4) years. LUTS change was determined with group-based trajectory modelingof the repeated AUA-SI measures. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to determine the baseline factors associated with progressing compared with stable trajectories, and with remitting compared with progressing trajectories. Lifestyle, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), mobility, mental health (Short-Form 12), medical history and prescription medications were considered for selection. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for variables in each model. We identified 10 AUA-SI trajectories: 4 stable (1277 men, 73%), three progressing (345 men, 20%), two remitting (98 men, 6%) and one mixed (20 men, 1%). Men in progressing compared with stable trajectories were more likely to have mobility limitations (OR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.0–3.8), poor mental health (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.4), BMI⩾25.0 kg m−2 (OR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.0–2.8), hypertension (OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.0–2.4) and back pain (OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.0–2.4). Men in remitting compared with progressing trajectories more often used central nervous system medications (OR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.1–4.9) and less often had a history of problem drinking (OR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.9). Several non-urological lifestyle and health factors were independently associated with risk of LUTS progression in older men.
Bone marrow cells participate in tumor vessel formation that supports the growth of Ewing's sarcoma in the lung.

An MHC-mismatch bone marrow (BM) transplant Ewing’s sarcoma mouse model was used to investigate whether BM cells participate in the vessel formation that support Ewing’s sarcoma lung metastasis. BM cells from H-2Kb/d donor mice were transplanted into sublethally irradiated H-2Kd recipient mice. Donor BM cells were identified using the H-2Kb marker. Engraftment was confirmed by identifying the H-2Kb IL-1β-type specific polymorphism. After engraftment highly lung metastatic TC71-PM4 cells were injected intravenously. Mice were sacrificed 10 weeks after tumor cell injection. Hematoxylin-and-eosin staining was performed to identify lung metastatic foci. These tumors were then evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis. H-2Kb-positive cells were found in lung metastases but not in normal lung, liver or spleen tissues. Injection of CM-Dil-labeled BM cells into tumor bearing and control mice showed that nonspecific organ migration occurred at 24 h, but that these cells were absent 1 week later in control mice. These data suggest that the migration of the H-2Kb BM cells to lung nodules was specific because these cells were observed 14 weeks after transplantation. Co-localization of H-2Kb and CD31 or VE-Cadherin demonstrated that some endothelial cells were BM-derived. Co-localization of H-2Kb and Desmin, smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) or PDGFR-β indicated that a fraction of pericytes was also BM-derived. These results suggest that BM cells participate in the vascular formation that supports the growth of Ewing’s sarcoma lung metastases. BM cells migrated to the metastatic tumor and differentiated into endothelial cells and pericytes. These data indicated that targeting this process may have therapeutic potential.
SDRM: simultaneous determination of regions and function-to-region mapping for scratchpad memories

Many programmable embedded systems feature low power processorscoupled with fast compiler controlled on-chip scratchpad memories (SPMs) toreduce their energy consumption. SPMs are more efficient than caches in termsof energy consumption, performance, area and timing predictability. However,unlike caches SPMs need explicit management by software, the quality ofwhich can impact the performance of SPM based systems. In this paper, wepresent a fully-automated, dynamic code overlaying technique for SPMs basedon pure static analysis. Static analysis is less restrictive than profiling and canbe easily extended to general compiler framework where the time consumingand expensive task of profiling may not be feasible. The SPM code mappingproblem is harder than bin packing problem, which is NP-complete. Therefore weformulate the SPMcode mapping as a binary integer linear programming problemand also propose a heuristic, determining simultaneously the region (bin) sizesas well as the function-to-region mapping. To the best of our knowledge, thisis the first heuristic which simultaneously solves the interdependent problemsof region size determination and the function-to-region mapping. We evaluateour approach for a set of MiBench applications on a horizontally split I-cache and SPM architecture (HSA). Compared to a cache-only architecture (COA),the HSA gives an average energy reduction of 35%, with minimal performancedegradation. For the HSA, we also compare the energy results from our proposedSDRM heuristic against a previous static analysis based mapping heuristic andobserve an average 27% energy reduction.
Spectroscopic studies of bipolarons from oligomerized 3-methoxythiophene in solution

Abstract 3-Methoxythiophene was anodically polymerized, then cathodically reduced to provide a neutral oligomeric product (1) composed of 3-methoxythiophene units. 1 and its oxidation product 2 were soluble in N,N-dimethylformamide, acetronitrile and benzonitrile and the solution phase redox process was studied as a model for reactions of insoluble polythiophenes. Oxidation to form 2 was accomplished using iodine or electrochemistry. The strong acids, nitric, perchloric or trifluoroacetic also oxidized 1 to 2. Rereduction of 2 to 1 used triethylamine. Quantitative studies showed that I 2 or anodic oxidation at 0.6 V gave 2 with the same extent of oxidation. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed that 2 was composed of at least two different types of species, each type showing a pair of absorption bands between 630 and 860 nm. E.s.r. showed that 2 was mainly diamagnetic, and it is proposed that soluble dications (bipolarons) are produced.
Power reduction methodology in 28nm SOC production design — What have changed?

Device power characteristic changes significantly in 28nm CMOS technology. Consequently, some power reduction design methods that had been effective and successful in larger technology nodes become less effective or no longer useful in 28nm CMOS designs. This paper describes such changes in power reduction methods from production SOC design perspective.
Mortality after hospitalization for heart failure in blacks compared to whites

Heart failure (HF) disproportionately affects black compared to white Americans, and overall mortality from HF is greater among blacks. Paradoxically, mortality rates after a hospitalization for HF are lower in black than in white patients. These racial differences might reflect hospital, physician, and patient factors and could have implications for comparative hospital profiles. We identified published studies reporting the posthospitalization mortality for black and white patients with a discharge diagnosis of HF and conducted random-effects meta-analyses with the outcome of all-cause mortality. We included 29 cohorts of hospitalized black and white patients with HF. The unadjusted mean mortality rate after HF hospitalization for black and white patients, respectively, was 6% and 9% for in-hospital, 6% and 10% for 30-day, 10% and 15% for 60- to 180-day, 28% and 34% for 1-year, and 41% and 47% for >1-year follow-up, respectively. The unadjusted combined odds ratios for mortality in black versus white patients ranged from 0.48 for in-hospital (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45 to 0.51) to 0.77 after >1 year follow-up (95% CI 0.75 to 0.79). In meta-analyses using adjusted data, the combined odds ratio was 0.68 for short-term mortality (95% CI 0.63 to 0.74), and the combined hazard ratio was 0.84 for long-term mortality (95% CI 0.77 to 0.91). In conclusion, mortality after hospitalization for HF was 32% lower during short-term follow-up and 16% lower during long-term follow-up for black than for white patients. The mortality differences imply unmeasured differences by race in clinical severity of illness at hospital admission and might lead to biased hospital mortality profiles.
Metal-Mediated Cycloaddition Reactions of the η5-Cyclohexadienyl Ligand. Synthesis and Reactions of [5 + 2] Single and [5 + 2],homo[5 + 2] Double Cyclohexadienyl−Alkyne Adducts of Manganese

UV irradiation of the cyclohexadienyl complex [(η5-C6H7)Mn(CO)3] (1) and 1 or 2 equiv of the alkynes PhC⋮CR (R = H, Me, Ph) in toluene gave both the [5 + 2] adducts [{η2: 3-C8H7Ph(R)}Mn(CO)3] (2) a...
Introduction: Carson McCullers and Influence

This special section on “Carson McCullers and Influence” grew in large part from an interdisciplinary conference held in the Southern writer's birthplace, Columbus, Georgia, on the weekend of her n...
Unsteady stagnation-point heat transfer during passage of a concentrated vortex

The unsteady boundary layer due to a single rectilinear vortex filament approaching a 2-D stagnation point is investigated. Assuming the vortex remains far from the surface, incompressible potential flow theory is used to determine the time dependent inviscid flow field. The unsteady boundary layer equations are solved by an alternating-direction-implicit finite-difference method. Two mechanisms which cause fluctuations in heat transfer are the unsteady velocity field in the boundary layer and secondly, the unsteady total temperature at the edge of the boundary layer. The relative importance of these mechanisms is dependent upon the total temperature fluctuations relative to the imposed temperature difference. As a vortex approaches a stagnation point it may be forced to one side of the stagnation line or the other, depending on its initial position. Results are presented for both of these cases.
Ecological Risk Assessment

Introduction to Ecological Risk Assessment: Defining the Field (G. Suter, II). Assessment Concepts (G. Suter, II and L. Barnthouse). Predictive Risk Assessment of Chemicals (G. Suter, II). Exposure Assessment: Environmental Chemistry (T. Mill). Mathematical Models of Transport and Fate (D. Mackay and S. Paterson). Exposure (G. Suter, II). Effects Assessment: Organism Level Effects (G. Suter, II). Population Level Effects (L. Barnthouse). Ecosystem Level Effects (G. Suter, II and S. Bartell). Unconventional Ecological Risk Assessment: Retrospective Ecological Risk Assessment (G. Suter, II). Regional Risk Assessment (G. Suter, II). Environmental Surveillance (G. Suter, II). Exotic Organisms (G. Suter, II). References. Glossary. Latin and Common Names of Species Used in the Text. Index.
Laminar Optical Tomography Applied to Reporter Genes Imaging in Engineered Tissue Constructs

Fluorescence imaging is the main method in assessing tissue engineered constructs. However, with the drive to develop thick engineered constructs, it is imperative to develop new fluorescence based techniques that can image beyond the depth capabilities of current microscopic techniques. Here we report the use of Laminar Optical Tomography (LOT) to image in 3D vascular channels, formed by GFP and mCherry carrier cells, in a thick printed constructs enclosed in a perfusion chamber. Results show the potential of LOT for locating and monitoring transfected cells in thick tissue with spatial accuracy.
Fatigue properties of wood and wood composites

An overview of the state of fatigue research for wood and wood products is presented. The extreme lack of a satisfactory data base and the persistent neglect of fatigue characteristics in wood material design is emphasized. Some theoretical considerations are presented to point out the difficulties met when attempting to model the behavior of wood products exposed to cyclic loading phenomena.
Safe and Sorry: Risk, Environmental Equity, and Hazardous Waste Management Facilities

Many empirical environmental equity analyses have attempted to determine if hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities (TSDFs) are in disproportionately minority or low-income areas. These prior analyses did not explain the extent of the risks posed by TSDFs, nor did they weight the distribution of those risks by the individual characteristics of the TSDFs. This study evaluated the risks posed by TSDFs in general and then examined whether any such risks were distributed inequitably when each TSDF was weighted by the amount of hazardous waste that it managed. Based on an assessment of the nature of the hazardous wastes that TSDFs manage, the possible exposure paths to risk from TSDFs, the laws designed to minimize the risks that TSDFs pose, and TSDFs’ safety records, the attention devoted to TSDFs by environmental equity researchers is greatly exaggerated. Furthermore, based on this study’s analyses, there was no pattern of the TSDFs or the risks that they posed being inequitably concentrated in disproportionately minority or low-income areas. Most of the TSDFs and the hazardous waste that they manage are in areas that are either unpopulated or have fewer minority or low-income people than the national average. There are, however, some TSDFs that are in highly populated, heavily minority or low-income areas, which results in such people being more likely overall to be in close proximity to these facilities.
Mental health services access for sexual minority individuals

Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) individuals report lower levels of positive mental health than the general population (e.g., Cochran, 2001 ) and thus have a need for appropriate mental health services. The authors conducted an online survey to assess factors associated with the use of such services and the perceived availability of GLBT-affirmative providers. Of the 226 respondents, 1 8% reported that they had no insurance coverage; 24% of participants in the sample reported experiencing a mental health concern in the past year for which they felt they needed but did not seek treatment. Logistic regression analyses indicated that gender, depression, internalized homophobia, medical mistrust, and whether the individual had a choice of affirmative provider predicted the likelihood of participants seeking mental health treatment in the past year. This article discusses social and educational policy implications of these findings.
Errata: Analysis of sperm motility using optical tweezers

Journal of Biomedical Optics 11共5兲, 059803 共September/October 2006兲 Errata: Analysis of sperm motility using optical tweezers Jaclyn M. Nascimento University of California, San Diego Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering La Jolla, California 92093-0407 E-mail: elliott@ucsd.edu Elliot L. Botvinick University of California, Irvine Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic Irvine, California 92612 Linda Z. Shi University of California, San Diego Department of Bioengineering La Jolla, California 92093-0435 Barbara Durrant Zoological Society of San Diego Beckman Center for Conservation and Research for Endangered Species Escondido, California 92027-7000 Michael W. Berns University of California, Irvine Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic Irvine, California 92612 and University of California Department of Bioengineering La Jolla, California 92093-0435 关DOI: 10.1117/1.2371122兴 This article was originally published online on 25 August 2006 with the following errors: • Author Jaclyn M. Nascimento was listed as Jaclyn L. Nascimento; • The caption for Table 1 contained typographical errors. The corrected table follows. All online versions of the article were corrected on 13 October 2006. Table 1 Effect of laser trap duration and laser power on sperm motility. Average velocity ratio 5 sec 10 sec 15 sec 420 mW 350 mW 300 mW 250 mW Note: Average velocity ratios 共+ / − standard deviation兲 for various trap dura- tions 共constant trapping power, 420 mW兲 and various trapping powers 共con- stant duration 5 sec兲. The 15-sec trap duration has the greatest average de- crease in VCL post-trapping. Journal of Biomedical Optics September/October 2006 Downloaded From: http://biomedicaloptics.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 11/08/2016 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/termsofuse.aspx Vol. 11共5兲