cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Kalirin conditional knockout mice to distinguish its role in dopamine receptor mediated behaviors

Mice lacking Kalirin-7 (Kal7KO), a Rho GDP/GTP exchange factor, self-administer cocaine at a higher rate than wildtype mice, and show an exaggerated locomotor response to experimenter-administered cocaine. Kal7, which localizes to post-synaptic densities at glutamatergic synapses, interacts directly with the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA; GluN) receptor. Consistent with these observations, Kal7 plays an essential role in NMDA receptor dependent long term potentiation and depression, and glutamatergic transmission plays a key role in the response to chronic cocaine. A number of genetic studies have implicated altered Kalirin expression in schizophrenia and other disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease. A comparison of the effects of experimenter-administered cocaine on mice lacking all Kalirin isoforms to its effects on mice lacking only Kalirin-7 identified Kal7 as the key isoform whose deletion produces exaggerated locomotor responses to cocaine. Pretreatment of Kal7KO mice with a low dose of ifenprodil, a selective GluN2B antagonist, eliminated their enhanced locomotor response to cocaine, revealing an important role for GluN2B in this behavior. Selective knockout of Kalirin in dopamine transporter expressing neurons produced a transient enhancement of cocaine-induced locomotion, while knockout of Kalirin in Drd1a- or Drd2-dopamine receptor expressing neurons was without effect. As observed in Kalirin global knockout mice, eliminating Kalirin expression in Drd2-expressing neurons increased exploratory behavior in the elevated zero maze, an effect eliminated by pretreatment with ifenprodil. The cocaine-sensitive neuronal pathways which are most sensitive to altered Kalirin function may be the pathways most dependent on GluN2B and Drd2.
Multisector Involvement Among Adolescents With Disabilities

When youth experience psychosocial difficulties, multiple sectors of care may intervene. The present study examined the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of multisector involvement related to psychosocial difficulties among adolescents with disabilities. Using a nationally representative sample of 9,230 students who participated in the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2, we estimated students’ rates of involvement in school, health, social service, and juvenile justice sectors and used logistic regression models to ascertain the relations to student characteristics. Students with disabilities were frequently involved with a variety of sectors of care, but schools remain the primary provider. Multisector involvement was commonplace, particularly for adolescents with emotional disturbance or autism. Disability and insurance type consistently predicted involvement of each sector, but other sociodemographic characteristics commonly related to disparities in involvement were not significant in m...
Fates of Rare Species under Siege from Invasion: Persistence of Coccinella novemnotata Herbst in Western North America alongside an Invasive Congener

Species invading new geographic regions may threaten continued existence of similar, indigenous relatives, particularly those species whose rarity may reflect an already tenuous existence. The spectacular colonization of North America in recent decades by Coccinella septempunctata L. has generated widespread concern over potentially adverse effects on population viability of native species of ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae). Coccinella novemnotata Herbst in particular has been hypothesized to be at great risk, as this species apparently dwindled in numbers across much of North America during the twentieth century. Here results of sampling diverse habitats over three decades are examined to address the fate of C. novemnotata in the intermountain region of western North America following the establishment of C. septempunctata during the 1990s. Alfalfa fields have served as a major habitat for C. novemnotata in the intermountain west. Sweep sampling in the late 1980s and early 1990s demonstated that C. novemnotata and C. septempunctata were both rare members of the alfalfa lady beetle community. Subsequent sampling in alfalfa over the next two decades revealed that populations of C. septempunctata increased greatly, while populations of C. novemnotata remained low but persistent. Similarly, modest numbers of C. novemnotata were found continuing to persist, often alongside large numbers of C. septempunctata, in a variety of other habitats, including sagebrush steppe and weed-infested rangeland and riparian sites. Morphological comparison of these individuals of C. novemnotata with museum specimens collected throughout the twentieth century revealed no significant difference in mean body size between these recently and previously collected individuals, nor any significant long-term decrease in body size following the arrival of C. septempunctata, as might reflect increasing food limitation for larval C. novemnotata. Collectively these results indicate that even in the face of invasion by a dominant competitor, C. novemnotata has maintained an ecological foothold in the intermountain west of North America, occurring in diverse habitats including both those supporting low and high numbers of the invader. The availability of these diverse habitats across a heterogeneous landscape may promote persistence less tenuous, even as confronted with invasion, than the low abundance of C. novemnotata alone might suggest.
Enhancement of security by using greedy approach and encryption inMobile Ad Hoc Network

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a position of mobile phone devices like which correspond surrounded by each other in excess of wireless relations lacking a preconceived communications or a essential weight. The associate nodes are self dependent pro design, function also continuation of the association by means of only hop or multi hop communication. In existing work, RSA and Triple DES algorithm are used to detect malicious nodes but we performed greedy approaches and encryption which provides much better results. This shows in the NS2 Simulation which proved that our methodology is far better than the existing work.
The rice haptic rocker: Altering the perception of skin stretch through mapping and geometric design

Skin stretch haptic devices are well-suited for transmitting information through touch, a promising avenue in prosthetic research, addressing the lack of feedback in myoelectric designs. Rocker-based skin stretch devices have been proposed for sensory substitution and navigational feedback, but the designs vary in their geometry. Other works create torsional stretch, and utilize nonlinear mappings to enhance perception. This work investigates parameters of rocker geometry and mapping functions, and how they impact user perception. We hypothesize that perceptual changes are dependent on the choice of stretch increment sizes over the range of motion. The rocker geometry is varied with an offset between the rotational and geometric axes, and three rocker designs are evaluated during a targeting task implemented with a nonlinear or linear mapping. The rockers with no offset and a positive offset (wide) perform better than the negative offset (narrow) case, though the mapping method does not affect target accuracy.
Moving from Professionalism to Political Advocacy in the Human Services--How to Organize a Successful Statewide Political Effort in Youth Services

The current funding environment makes political advocacy on the part of social work professionals mandatory. The social work literature on political advocacy is reviewed and categorized into schools of thought. The major portion of the paper, however, presents and then analyzes a case study of a statewide youth services association in order to gain more insight into how professional social workers can develop and use more successful political strategies and tactics. Historically the social work profession has had a love-hate relationship with politics (Alexander, 1982). On the one hand, the profession has been committed to improving direct practice and the development of professional standards. On the other hand, many have argued that the profession should also play a far more visible and political role
Pragmatic psychodynamic psychotherapy for a patient with depression and breast cancer: functional MRI evaluation of treatment effects.

Time-limited psychodynamic psychotherapy is garnering empirical support as an intervention for clinical depression. However, research is needed to examine the efficacy of psychodynamic approaches a...
The genetic and biological basis of residual feed intake as a measure of feed efficiency

Feed efficiency traditionally has been evaluated either using a feed to gain ratio or a gain to feed ratio. Starting in 1963 with Koch, a new manner of looking at feed efficiency came into play and has become increasingly important. Koch adjusted feed consumed for gain and mid-weight in order to evaluate residual feed intake (RFI) of individual animals. Animals with a more negative residual feed intake are more efficient. Many studies have been performed in order to get a better understanding of the biological basis behind RFI. Studies have been conducted to compare animals differing in RFI to evaluate differences in traits such as total feed intake, growth and other performance traits, meat quality, behavior, and digestibility. At Iowa State University, two selection lines of pigs have been developed which differ in RFI as a resource population to study the biological and physiological basis of feed intake and efficiency. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the main findings from this selection experiment in terms of the genetic and biological basis of RFI in growing pigs. RFI was found to be moderately heritable (0.29 ± 0.07) and responded well to selection. Selection for decreased RFI resulted in pigs that ate less, are leaner, grow slower, eat faster, have lower maintenance requirements, and have better gut integrity. No detrimental effects were found for meat quality, litter size, litter performance, or response to PRRS infection.
Conformational Aspects of Enzyme Regulation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the molecular models that attempt to provide a correlation of the kinetic properties of the protein with its structural architecture. Recent reviews that have covered other aspects of the regulatory control—such as the interaction of metabolic pathways, various types of end product inhibition, and the evidence for conformational changes—should be consulted for other aspects of these subjects. Two comprehensive molecular theories capable of explaining allosteric regulation in quantitative terms have been proposed. This chapter describes these models and presents an evaluation of their present status and future use. The control of enzyme action can occur in a number of ways—by product inhibition, by the depletion of substrate, by the failure to synthesize an enzyme, by covalent modification, or by destruction of the enzyme. Although all these mechanisms are available and used by the cell, perhaps the most ubiquitous and efficient process for the regulation of complex metabolic sequences is by the use of effector molecules that are not themselves consumed in the reaction. When it was recognized that the flexibility of an enzyme was an essential feature in its action, the way was paved for the understanding at the molecular level of the process of regulation of enzyme activity by effector molecules that are not themselves consumed in that specific reaction. This led in turn to the elaboration of the concept of a distinct separate site, which played a role in the feedback regulation so prevalent in bacterial systems.
Factors Controlling the Flux of Particulate Organic Carbon from Estuarine Wetlands

We hypothesize that specific tidal wetland areas may either export or import particulate organic carbon on an annual basis depending upon several geophysical factors. Important among these are: (1) the geomorphology of the wetland drainage basin and (2) the relative magnitudes of the tidal range and freshwater input from upland sources. Determination of the import/export status of individual wetlands further requires (1) continuous long-term measurements to compensate for irregular and infrequent storm events and (2) measurements of particle bedload transport in addition to the usual measurements of suspended and floating particles. Without these components, any study of net organic particle flux will be incomplete.
Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications of MIS Inguinal Hernia Repair

Inguinal hernia repair is a general surgery standard which has been performed for well over the past 100 years, undergoing an evolution with the development of minimally invasive surgery. The laparoscopic approach to inguinal herniorrhaphy is an accepted method for most patients with symptomatic inguinal hernias and is being offered more frequently as minimally invasive skills become more widespread. Innovations to surgical practice like laparoscopy produce challenges including technological support and safety concerns. One significant hurdle to the immediate and universal adoption of minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair has been concern about associated complications and rate of recurrence. This chapter describes complications related to minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair and techniques to avoid or mitigate these undesired outcomes.
Delving Into the Details of Evaluating Public Engagement Initiatives Comment on "Metrics and Evaluation Tools for Patient Engagement in Healthcare Organization- and System-Level Decision-Making: A Systematic Review".

Initiatives to engage the public in health policy decisions have been widely endorsed and used, yet agreed upon methods for systematically evaluating the effectiveness of these initiatives remain to be developed. Dukhanin, Topazian, and DeCamp have thus developed a useful taxonomy of evaluation criteria derived from a systematic review of published evaluation tools that might serve as the basis for systematic evaluation. In considering the application of such a taxonomy, it is important to appreciate the political space in which health policy decisions occur. In this context, public engagement initiatives are likely to have a modest and unpredictable impact on policy decisions. Other goals, aside from influencing policy decisions, such as informing the public about issues, identifying the public’s values, enhancing public support for decisions, and promoting public discourse, are likely to be more feasible. While Dukanan and colleagues did not aim to do so, future efforts to align guidance for planning public engagement initiatives with evaluation tools would be useful to promote the success of public engagement initiatives.
Exposure to pro- and anti-tobacco messages online and off-line among people experiencing homelessness.

Abstract The prevalence of cigarette smoking among people experiencing homelessness is 70%. The internet is a common mode of exposure to tobacco-related messaging, yet little is known about these exposures among people experiencing homelessness. Using time-location sampling, we recruited a sample of adults experiencing homelessness who were current cigarette smokers (i.e. smoked in the past 30 days) from shelters and service sites in San Francisco. We administered a survey to explore self-reported use of the internet and online streaming services; and exposure to tobacco messaging online and offline. Of the 470 participants, 75.5% reported using the internet and 67.2% reported using online streaming video in a typical week. Many participants had seen online advertisements for tobacco products (N = 197, 41.7%) or anti-tobacco industry messages (N = 215, 45.6%), although participants reported seeing both advertisements and warnings related to tobacco more frequently offline than online. Respondents who reported using the internet for more than 4 h in a typical week were more likely to recall seeing tobacco-related warnings or advertisements online. Respondents who reported seeing tobacco-related warnings and advertisements were more likely to have attempted to quit smoking within the past year. These findings suggest an opportunity to use the internet to communicate the harms of tobacco products with messages tailored towards adults experiencing homelessness. Our results suggest further that now is the time to saturate the internet and online streaming services with anti-tobacco industry messages before advertisements for tobacco products become as ubiquitous online as they are elsewhere.
Big History, Value, and the Art of Continued Existence

There has lately been substantial interest in scrutinizing our evaluative attitudes in light of our evolutionary history. However, these discussions have been hampered by an insufficiently expansive vantage. Our history did not begin ex nihilo a few million years ago with the appearance of hominins, or apes, or primates—those are very recent chapters of a much larger story that spans billions of years. This paper situates the mechanisms underlying normative thought within this broader context. I argue that this historical perspective creates difficulties for metaethical nonnaturalists. The expanded scope enables the story to be anchored in negative claims about value, making room for novel epistemological and metaphysical challenges that are more threatening than extant evolutionary debunking arguments.
Alimentación Saludable: El calcio

El calcio es el mineral principal que se encuentra en nuestros huesos y dientes. Nosotros necesitamos calcio para el buen funcionamiento de los musculos y los nervios. Written by Linda B. Bobroff, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, revised January 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy069
Gaming Reddit’s Algorithm: r/the_donald, Amplification, and the Rhetoric of Sorting

Abstract From June through October 2016—and beyond—the subreddit r/the_donald periodically took over parts of Reddit, making its content dominant on the ninth largest social media platform in the US. Users of r/the_donald did this by learning how Reddit’s sorting algorithm worked and taking advantage of nuances in the way the platform was programmed. This was not a hack but instead was a strategic manipulation. While r/the_donald is an extreme example of manipulating sorting algorithms, similar usages take place on other platforms as well, from Twitter to Facebook to Google to YouTube. Simply put, sorting algorithms can be used rhetorically to change arguments. Understanding how these usages take place may help users understand how algorithms can “amplify” arguments, making them more dominant on specific platforms and more likely to carry further onto other platforms. It may be useful for researchers to be aware of how algorithms can be used rhetorically so that they are able to critique how content is sorted and hold programmers accountable for programming choices they make. Teachers may be able to help students to see the ways content can be manipulated so that they are more aware of how sorting algorithms may have amplified arguments.
The Experience of Emergency Department Providers With Embedded Palliative Care During COVID.

Abstract Context Although the importance of palliative care (PC) integration in the emergency department (ED) has long been recognized, few formalized programs have been reported, and none have evaluated the experience of ED clinicians with embedded PC. Objectives We evaluate the experience of ED clinicians with embedded PC in the ED during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Methods ED clinicians completed a survey about their perceptions of embedded PC in the ED. We summarized responses to closed-ended items using descriptive statistics and analyzed open-ended items using thematic analysis. Results There were 134 ED clinicians surveyed. About 101 replied (75% response rate). Of those who had interacted with PC, 100% indicated a benefit of having PC involved. These included freeing up ED clinicians for other tasks (89%), helping them feel more supported (84%), changing the patients care trajectory (67%), and contributing to clinician education (57%) and skills (49%). Among barriers related to engaging PC were difficulty locating them (8%) and lack of time to consult because of ED volume (5%). About 98% of respondents felt that having PC in the ED was either valuable or very valuable. Open-ended responses reflected a positive impact on clinician wellness and improvement in access to high-quality goal-concordant care. Clinicians expressed gratitude for having PC in the ED and noted the importance of having readily available and easily accessible PC in the ED. Conclusion ED clinicians' perception of embedded PC was overall positive, with an emphasis on the impact related to task management, enrichment of PC skills, providing support for the team, and improved care for ED patients.
Early cholangiocarcinoma detection with magnetic resonance imaging versus ultrasound in primary sclerosing cholangitis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Early detection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) among patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is important to identify more people eligible for curative therapy. While many recommend CCA screening, there are divergent opinions and limited data regarding the use of ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early CCA detection, and it is unknown whether there is benefit in testing asymptomatic individuals. Our aims were to assess the diagnostic performances and prognostic implications of ultrasound and MRI-based CCA detection. APPROACH AND RESULTS This is a multicenter review of 266 adults with PSC (CCA, n = 120) who underwent both an ultrasound and MRI within 3 months. Images were re-examined by radiologists who were blinded to the clinical information. Respectively, MRI had a higher area under the curve compared with ultrasound for CCA detection: 0.87 versus 0.70 for the entire cohort; 0.81 versus 0.59 for asymptomatic individuals; and 0.88 versus 0.71 for those listed for CCA transplant protocol. The absence of symptoms at CCA diagnosis was associated with improved 5-year outcomes including overall survival (82% vs. 46%, log-rank P < 0.01) and recurrence-free survival following liver transplant (89% vs. 65%, log-rank P = 0.04). Among those with asymptomatic CCA, MRI detection (compared with ultrasound) was associated with reduction in both mortality (hazard ratio, 0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.96) and CCA progression after transplant listing (hazard ratio, 0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.90). These benefits continued among patients who had annual monitoring and PSC for more than 1 year before CCA was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS MRI is superior to ultrasound for the detection of early-stage CCA in patients with PSC. Identification of CCA before the onset of symptoms with MRI is associated with improved outcomes.
Changes in testicular gene expression following reduced estradiol synthesis: A complex pathway to increased porcine Sertoli cell proliferation.

Abstract Porcine Sertoli cell number including number present at puberty is increased if testicular estradiol synthesis is reduced during the neonatal interval. Evaluating the changes in gene expression during the crucial interval of suppressed estradiol that leads to the increased Sertoli cell population will increase our understanding of Sertoli cell biology but this evaluation first required a more precise determination of the critical interval for treatment and timing of a detectable response. Previously, reduced testicular estrogens from 1 week of age were accompanied by increased Sertoli cell number at 6.5 weeks of age but the age at which Sertoli cell numbers were initially increased was unknown, one of the current objectives. Additional experiments were designed to further delineate the essential timing of treatment for the Sertoli cell response. Finally, changes in gene expression induced by the reduced estradiol synthesis were evaluated to elucidate molecular mechanisms. Experimental design typically consisted of one member of littermate pairs of boars treated with the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, beginning at 1 week of age and the remaining member treated with canola oil vehicle. Weekly treatments continued through 5 weeks of age or tissue collection, whichever came first. Increases in Sertoli cell numbers were not detectable prior to 6.5 weeks of age and persistent treatment through 5 weeks of age was required to induce the increase in Sertoli cell numbers. This increase resulted from prolonging the first interval of Sertoli cell proliferation in the treated animals. Few genes exhibited dramatically altered transcription and similarities in pathway analysis or principal modified genes were quite limited in 2, 3, and 5-week-old boars. The critical timing and prolonged treatment required and the sequential changes in gene expression suggest a complex mechanism is involved in this model of increased proliferation of Sertoli cells.
Abstract 3084: KLF8 is a required downstream effector of OGT/O-GlcNAcylation in regulating breast cancer stem-like cells

One of the main challenges in treating breast cancer is the intra-tumor heterogeneity, which, partly, is maintained and promoted by a sub-population of breast cancer cells called breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs). BCSCs shares traits of mammary stem cells, capable of self-renewing and differentiating, while promotes invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and relapse. BCSCs are highly adaptive, capable of reprogramming metabolism and signaling activity in response to tumor microenvironment. One key component of cell nutrient sensing mechanism, linking alteration in metabolism to cell signaling, is O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). OGT is responsible to adding O-GlcNAc moieties to target nuclear, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins from UDP-GlcNAc - final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. This modification is termed O-GlcNAcylation and both OGT and O-GlcNAcylation are upregulated in many cancers. Recently, we showed that OGT/O-GlcNAcylation is enriched in BCSCs, promoting the stemness and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq analysis of BCSC-enriched mammospheres with OGT overexpression revealed Kruppel-like-factor 8 (KLF8) as a downstream target of OGT in promoting BCSCs. Here, we showed that KLF8 expression in breast cancer cells is regulated by OGT at protein and mRNA level. Knockdown of KLF8 reduced mammosphere forming efficiency (MFE) and NANOG expression in breast cancer cells, while overexpressing KLF8 increased MFE, NANOG+ and CD44H/CD24L BCSC population. Importantly, KLF8 knockdown abolished the effect of elevated OGT and O-GlcNAcylation in breast cancer cell MFE and BCSC population, while KLF8 overexpression rescued OGT inhibition in MFE and BCSC population. suggesting that KLF8 is required in promoting BCSCs. Interestingly, KLF8 knockdown in breast cancer cell reduced OGT expression, while KLF8 overexpression increased OGT and O-GlcNAcylation, suggesting a possible feed-forward loop between OGT and KLF8 in promoting BCSCs. Supporting the idea that KLF8 and OGT are critical for breast cancer progression, breast cancer patient survival was lower with high KLF8 or OGT levels. Furthermore, overexpression of KLF8 showed increase in resistance to paclitaxel in triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro, suggesting a possible role of KLF8 in promoting chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer[LM1] . Together, our results suggested that KLF8 is a downstream target of OGT/O-GlcNAcylation in promoting breast cancer stem-like cells population. Citation Format: Giang Le Minh, Neha M. Akella, Tejsi Dhameliya, Mauricio J. Reginato. KLF8 is a required downstream effector of OGT/O-GlcNAcylation in regulating breast cancer stem-like cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3084.
Home Equity: Rethinking Race and Federal Housing Policy

Neighborhoods shape every element of our lives. Where we live determines economic opportunities; our exposure to police and pollution; and the availability of positive amenities for a healthy life. Home inequity—both financial and racial—is not accidental. Federal government programs have armed white people with agency to construct “white” spaces while stigmatizing “Black” spaces. The urgency of addressing structural injustice in housing has been laid bare by police-involved shootings and the disparate death rates linked to COVID-19. Using political philosopher Tommy Shelbie’s theory of corrective justice, this Article explores the historical and present-day harms that need to be rectified and then offers a path forward through concrete changes to federal housing policy. This Article’s proposals address access to homeownership, stable housing for renters, reliable mass transit, and increased availability of affordable housing. The policy prescriptions are intended to address systemic racism, but the changes wrought would benefit people across race and ethnicity. As those on the front lines of the Black Lives Matter movement argue: freedom and justice for Black people will extend to freedom and justice for all people.
Sugar-seeking insects as a source of diverse bread-making yeasts with enhanced attributes.

Insects represent a particularly interesting habitat in which to search for novel yeasts of value to industry. Insect-associated yeasts have the potential to have traits relevant to modern food and beverage production due to insect-yeast interactions, with such traits including diverse carbohydrate metabolisms, high sugar tolerance, and general stress tolerance. Here, we consider the potential value of insect-associated yeasts in the specific context of baking. We isolated 63 yeast strains from 13 species of hymenoptera from the United States, representing 37 yeast species from 14 genera. Screening for the ability to ferment maltose, a sugar important for bread production, resulted in the identification of 13 strains of Candida, Lachancea, and Pichia species. We assessed their ability to leaven dough. All strains produced baked loaves comparable to a commercial baking strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The same 13 strains were also grown under various sugar and salt conditions relevant to osmotic challenges experienced in the manufacturing processes and the production of sweet dough. We show that many of these yeast strains, most notably strains of Lachancea species, grow at a similar or higher rate and population size as commercial baker's yeast. We additionally assessed the comparative phenotypes and genetics of insect-associated S. cerevisiae strains unable to ferment maltose and identified baking-relevant traits, including variations in the HOG1 signaling pathway and diverse carbohydrate metabolisms. Our results suggest that non-conventional yeasts have high potential for baking and, more generally, showcase the success of bioprospecting in insects for identifying yeasts relevant for industrial uses.
The Intelligent Woman’s Guide, The Silver Tassie, and The Re-Conquest

This chapter pulls the study together by focussing on two works completed in 1928: Bernard Shaw’s The Intelligent Women’s Guide to Socialism and Capitalism, and Sean O’Casey’s The Silver Tassie. The analysis of the former reveals, in sections, Shaw’s ties to Connolly’s The Re-Conquest of Ireland, republished in the 1917 Labour in Ireland. Specifically, Shaw’s chapter on women reflects the similar direction and scope of The Re-Conquest’s woman chapter, with both arguing that working women suffer the most within capitalism, especially within marriage. Such is reached through startingly similar language from both Connolly and Shaw. Continuing by discussing The Silver Tassie, the chapter’s analysis demonstrates that the all-encompassing portrait of the industrialized Great War draws on and departs from Shaw’s O’Flaherty, V. C., yet delivers O’Casey’s most accomplished retort of Connolly’s presence. The chapter closes by revealing that Tassie’s questioning of war is but answered by its companion work, Shaw’s The Intelligent Woman’s Guide to Socialism and Capitalism .
Aging and Mental Health

Various mental health conditions may be associated with impaired physical functioning and increased dependence among adults in later life. In addition, the conditions may be further responsible for the gradual rise in stress levels among older adults. Psychological issues, such as adjustment problems, helplessness due to cognitive decline, spousal caregiving, bereavement, and social role transitions such as retirement and loss of mastery or family leadership, further aggravate the stress. These all have a conglomerate negative impact on the individual’s health and functional status that directly affects the quality of life. Furthermore, these age-related biopsychosocial complexities have a strong negative feedback effect on psychiatric morbidity, making the diagnosis of mental health issues and their management more difficult. This chapter discusses various aspects of mental health conditions, including types, causes, and whether various psychotherapies available for mental illnesses are truly effective in their capacity to help older adults to age better.
Rouwen om het verlies en oplossen van ambivalente gevoelens: ‘Wat ik mis en wat ik niet mis’

Zelfs voor een rouwende volwassene is het moeilijk om te reflecteren op de aard van zijn of haar relatie met iemand die gestorven is. Na de traumatische dood van een ouder, broer of zus kan de ware aard van het verlies (bijv. ouderlijke liefde, het ‘beschermende schild’, een unieke band met een broer of zus met wie je veel hebt meegemaakt) voor sommige kinderen te diep gaan om onder woorden te brengen. Maar praten over aspecten van wat er is kwijtgeraakt kan voor veel kinderen de aanzet geven om toch met dit soort verliezen aan de slag te gaan. Rouwen om de overledene stimuleert kinderen om te beschrijven wat ze zijn kwijtgeraakt – de troostende, liefdevolle elementen van de relatie en de dingen die in de toekomst hadden kunnen gebeuren, maar nu niet meer zullen plaatsvinden. Deze twee zaken zullen we in dit hoofdstuk afzonderlijk bespreken, maar in de therapie zijn ze vaak met elkaar verweven.
Three-dimensional Domain Swapping in the α Subunit of Tryptophan Synthase

Tryptophan synthase is an enzyme participating in the last two steps of tryptophan synthesis in plants, fungi and bacteria. It consists of two protein chains, α and β, encoded by trpA and trpB gene...
Computer algebra and indefinite integrals

We give an overview, from an analytical point of view, of decision procedures for determining whether an elementary function has an elementary antiderivative. We give examples of algebraic functions which are integrable and non-integrable in closed form, and mention the current implementation status of various computer algebra systems.
The truncation of moral reasoning on harm reduction by individuals and organizations

Keywords: Advocacy; electronic cigarette; ethics; harm reduction; human rights; moral psychology
Poly(alkylene oxide) ionomers. IV. Polyoxymethylene copolymers with carboxylate side groups: Calorimetric, dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties

Copolymers and terpolymers of trioxane with 1,3-dioxolane and/or ethyl glycidate prepared by cationic ring opening polymerization were converted to the corresponding salts of monovalent cations and their free acid analogs. Calorimetric studies of these copolymers furnished evidence for the incorporation of oxyethylene units into the crystalline regions of the trioxane-dioxolane copolymers. Dynamic mechanical and dielectric relaxation spectra of the ester substituted polyoxymethylenes or their polymeric alkali salts exhibited the three relaxations characteristic for polyoxymethylene, labeled α, β and γ in order of decreasing temperature. Two additional peaks, α′ and β′, were also found which are ascribed, respectively, to motions of carbonyl ester side groups in the trioxane-ethyl glycidate-1,3-dioxolane terpolymers. The prominent β peak, mechanically active but dielectrically inactive in the trioxane-1,3-dioxolane copolymers, was assigned to rocking motions of rotational isomers containing the oxyethylene unit. Copolymere und Terpolymere von Trioxan mit 1,3-Dioxolan und/oder Ethyl-glycidsaure-ethylester, die durch kationische Ringoffnungspolymerisation hergestellt worden waren, wurden in die entsprechenden Salze einwertiger Kationen und die analogen freien Sauren uberfuhrt. Kalorimetrische Untersuchungen dieser Copolymere erbrachten den Beweis fur den Einbau von Oxyethyleneinheiten in die kristallinen Bereiche der Trioxan-Dioxolan-Copolymere. Dynamisch-mechanische und dielektrische Relaxationsspektren der estersubstituierten Polyoxymethylene oder ihrer polymeren Alkalisalze zeigten die drei fur Polyoxymethylen charakteristischen Relaxationen, die in Richtung abnehmender Temperatur mit α, β und γ bezeichnet werden. Zwei zusatzliche Maxima, α′ und β′, wurden gefunden und den Bewegungen der Carbonylester-Seitengruppen in den Trioxan-Ethylglycidat-1,3-Dioxolan-Copoymeren zugeordnet. Das herausragende β-Maximum, das in den Trioxan-1,3-Dioxolan-Copolymeren mechanisch aktiv, aber dielektrisch inaktiv ist, wurde Rockingschwingungen von Rotationsisomeren, welche die Oxyethyleneinheit enthalten, zugeschrieben.
Orientation Maps for Visually Impaired Persons

Copies of two tactile maps—a relatively simple map of the Boston rapid transit system and a detailed map of the Boston-Cambridge area—were given to each of 18 visually impaired travelers. These ind...
Kegel Exercises and Biofeedback

Despite the many variants in the clinical trials for biofeedback, most experts agree that biofeedback is an attractive outpatient, conservative treatment option that is cost effective, relatively noninvasive, easy to tolerate, morbidity free, and does not interfere with any future treatment options that may be recommended by the physician. It is gratifying to note that this simple technique can ameliorate symptoms and improve the quality of life in many patients with functional bowel and bladder symptoms attributed to pelvic muscle dysfunction.
Compressed sensing for the multiplexing of large area silicon photomultiplier PET detectors: Acquisition and calibration

2388 Objectives Potential clinical silicon photomultiplier based PET systems will consist of tens of thousands of individual sensors. Compressed sensing electronics can be used to multiplex a large number of individual readout sensors to significantly reduce the number of readout channels. Methods Using brute force optimization method, a two level sensing matrix based on a 2-weight constant weight code C1[128:32] followed by a 3 weight constant weight code C2[32:16] was designed. These codes consists of discrete resistor elements either connected or not connected to intermediate or output signals. A PET block detector PCB and electronics were fabricated that can multiplex 128 3.2 mm x 3.2 mm solid-state photomultiplier pixels arranged into a 16 x 8 array. Signals from the detector were acquired by a custom 16 channel simultaneously sampling 12-bit 65 Msps ADC acquisition system. Each of the signals was summed to form a trigger, and the peak value for each event on each channel was captured simultaneously. For calibration, we placed a single 4 x 4 array of 3.2 mm x 3.2 mm x 20 mm LYSO crystals onto one of the populated detectors and collected a uniform flood calibration dataset using a 125μCi Ge source. We used a KNN Density clustering method to calculate the centroids of the calibration flood irradiation that were mapped through the sensing matrix and captured by the 16 ADC channels. Results All 16 crystals were clearly segmented from the 16 dimensional output data using the new KNN-density clustering method. After correcting for the gain non-uniformities of the SiPM sensor, we measured a preliminary 23.7 +/- 1.2% FWHM energy resolution at 511 keV. Conclusions We have successfully fabricated, performed data acquisition, developed a new calibration method, and done preliminary calibration for a compressed sensing PET detector. Research Support This work was funded in part by a Stanford SIGF Bio-X Graduate Fellowship
Degenerate four-wave mixing phase conjugation in azo-dye-doped polymer optical fibers

Degenerate four-wave mixing phase conjugation is observed in azo-dye-doped polymer optical fibers under low-power, continuous-wave laser irradiation. A maximum phase conjugate efficiency of 1% has been obtained under a power less than 3 mW for each beam inside the fiber. Phase conjugation is observed for both parallel- and orthogonally-polarized probe and pump beams. The polarization and intensity profile are verified to be preserved in the conjugate signal. The predominant phase conjugation signal is attributed to photoinduced isomerization and reorientation of azo-dye molecules.
Deriving cramér-rao bounds and maximum likelihood estimators for traffic matrix inference

Traffic matrix estimation has caught numerous attentions these days due to its importance on network management tasks such as traffic engineering and capacity planning for Internet Service Providers (ISP). Various estimation models and methods have been proposed to estimate the traffic matrix. However, it is difficult to compare these methods since they adopt different model assumptions. Currently most evaluations are based on some particular realization of data. We propose to use the (Bayesian) Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) as a benchmark on these estimators. We also derive the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for certain models. With coupled mean and variance, our simulations show that the least squares (LS) estimator reaches the CRB asymptotically, while the MLEs are difficult to calculate when the dimension is high.
A subset of CD4+ thymocytes selected by MHC class I molecules

To complete their maturation, most immature thymocytes depend on the simultaneous engagement of their antigen receptor [alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR)] and their CD4 or CD8 coreceptors with major histocompatibility complex class II or I ligands, respectively. However, a normal subset of mature alpha beta TCR+ thymocytes did not follow these rules. These thymocytes expressed NK1.1 and a restricted set of alpha beta TCRs that are intrinsically class I-reactive because their positive selection was class I-dependent but CD8-independent. These cells were CD4+ and CD4-8- but never CD8+, because the presence of CD8 caused negative selection. Thus, neither CD4 nor CD8 contributes signals that direct their maturation into the CD4+ and CD4-8- lineages.
Theophylline for Bradycardia Secondary to Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease process that can occur as a consequence of motor vehicle collisions, falls, or other traumatic injuries. Persistent bradycardia was found to be universally present in all high cervical SCI patients. Limited data exists to suggest the most effective therapy for the bradycardia associated with high cervical SCI. Treatment includes atropine, epinephrine, dopamine, and even implantable cardiac pacemakers, all of which have their risks and side effects. There are no prospective studies to evaluate methylxanthines for the treatment of bradycardia secondary to cervical SCI. Methods We report on four patients in whom Theophylline was successfully used enterally as a second line agent to treat bradycardia secondary to cervical SCI. We also reported on two patients in whom Theophylline was successfully used as a first line agent. Bradycardia resolved in all patients Results Theophylline levels were below toxic levels in all of the patients and no side effects from theophylline were observed. Conclusions Theophylline’s use via enteral route can successfully and safely treat SCI-related bradycardia, and may help avoid the long term use of inotropic and chronotropic infusions and pacemakers and their associated risks and complications. We strongly recommend further studies to establish the role of this agent as a first line therapy in this specific patient population. Optimal dosing and duration of therapy will also need to be established.
Mental extrapolation in patterns constructed from memory

Finke and Pinker (1982, 1983) showed subjects an array of dots followed by an arrow in a blank field, and asked them to determine whether the arrow pointed to any of the previously seen dots. Response times were linearly related to the distance between the arrow and the nearest dot, suggesting that subjects spontaneously used an internal scanning or extrapolation process to perform the task. We replicate and extend this finding by varying the retention interval, and by employing a paradigm in which subjects’ eyes are closed and the arrows are described to them using a coordinate scheme. We also show that subjects are unable to predict the form of the data when the task simply is described to them. Results suggest that mental scanning along a straight path can be performed on images reconstructed from memory, and that it does not depend on the ongoing perception of a continuous surface, on physical eye movements, or on demand characteristics.
Web-Traveler Policies for Images on Social Networks

Images are one of the most popular type of contents shared on these sites. One of the most popular types of contents shared on these sites is image. Most of these networks offer some rudimentary forms of access controls such as allowing the users to choose who can view their profiles or the images uploaded by them. These controls however apply only in the perimeter of the users' direct control such as desktops, profiles etc. Users have no control over their content once it is downloaded by others. In order to enable a user to truly maintain control over his content, new access control mechanisms must be designed so as to enable users to control their content even when managed by others. Towards fulfilling this gap, in this paper we propose the concept of "web-traveler policies". Web-traveler policies allow the user to specify who can view, upload or download a given image within a social network. The unique, innovative feature of web-traveler policies is that they travel with the image, as long as it is hosted on the given social networking site. Additionally, we explore the possibility of extending these controls across different sites, by using the concept of mashups. In the paper we prove the feasibility of this approach, by implementing a working prototype of our approach on a real open source social network platform. We test the performance and scalability of such architecture under heavy user loads and also its resilience towards naive attacks. This work is a first innovative step toward scalable systems for providing each user with a centralized system for his/her own content's protection all over the web.
Measuring nanometer distances in nucleic acids using a sequence-independent nitroxide probe.

This protocol describes the procedures for measuring nanometer distances in nucleic acids using a nitroxide probe that can be attached to any nucleotide within a given sequence. Two nitroxides are attached to phosphorothioates that are chemically substituted at specific sites of DNA or RNA. Inter-nitroxide distances are measured using a four-pulse double electron–electron resonance technique, and the measured distances are correlated to the parent structures using a Web-accessible computer program. Four to five days are needed for sample labeling, purification and distance measurement. The procedures described herein provide a method for probing global structures and studying conformational changes of nucleic acids and protein/nucleic acid complexes.