cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urban Wetlands:An Opportunity for Environmental Conservation in China

China's remarkable economic growth and transformation in recent years has been a model for the world, but like all other expanding economies there have been accompanying environmental problems. For more than 5,000 years, however, China has proven that it can cope with problems and remain a vibrant society. China is now turning its attention to the environment through efforts to conserve endangered species, create protected areas, use renewable energy, reforest the margins of deserts, control air pollution, rehabilitate ecosystems, develop ecological agriculture, promote ecotourism, and safeguard its supplies of fresh water. Some of these efforts have had more success than others. The restoration and protection of urban wetlands offers a unique opportunity to meet many of these environmental challenges simultaneously, including the enhancement of the awareness and appreciation of nature and natural processes among urban populations, especially children, upon whom the future of China's environmental movement depends. The United States is facing similar challenges in its urban areas, and some of its recent approaches to dealing with nature in cities may provide useful guidelines.
Making Sense of Temporal Queries with Interactive Visualization

As real-time monitoring and analysis become increasingly important, researchers and developers turn to data stream management systems (DSMS's) for fast, efficient ways to pose temporal queries over their datasets. However, these systems are inherently complex, and even database experts find it difficult to understand the behavior of DSMS queries. To help analysts better understand these temporal queries, we developed StreamTrace, an interactive visualization tool that breaks down how a temporal query processes a given dataset, step-by-step. The design of StreamTrace is based on input from expert DSMS users; we evaluated the system with a lab study of programmers who were new to streaming queries. Results from the study demonstrate that StreamTrace can help users to verify that queries behave as expected and to isolate the regions of a query that may be causing unexpected results.
Fundamental Concepts in Ecology

Even though exurban development claims millions of acres of privately owned wildlands, most Americans have a limited grasp of the ecological impacts that development brings. This chapter bridges the knowledge gap in two ways. First, it explains the role of ecology in understanding wildland ecosystems. Issues covered include the scope and objectives of ecology, its history and background, and the potential for introducing a land ethic in exurban land development. Second, it describes basic terms, concepts, and ecological processes that appear in subsequent chapters. This provides readers with a richer understanding of the in-depth material provided in these chapters. The chapter also discusses natural science disciplines that play a role in the science of land development beyond the metropolitan fringe.
Milestones of pharmaceutical botany: pre-history to 1900.

Les evenements historiques de la botanique montrent que chaque peuple a contribue, de l'Antiquite au XIX e siecle, au developpement de la pharmacie et de la medecine en utilisant les plantes medicinales comme moyen therapeutique et en reconnaissant leur proprietes pharmacologiques
Age Stereotypes and Aging

Publisher Summary Adopting the cognitive perspective has enabled social psychologists to explore and reconcile the sometimes contradictory components of age stereotypes noted above, as well as to investigate age stereotyping as a process that influences individual perceptions and behaviors. As a result, this research has yielded key insights into quite diverse effects of age stereotypes, including the psychological factors underlying ageism and discrimination against older people at one extreme and, at the other extreme, illuminating the link between positive self-stereotyping, longevity, and health status of older adult. This chapter explores the research studies on age stereotypes and age attitudes. It emphasizes on recent research that provides insights into the complexity of age stereotypes and their influence on perceptions and behaviors, particularly those of older individuals. It explores the nature of age stereotypes, the age stereotyping process, and self-stereotyping and its effects. Under this, it also considers cultural influences on age stereotypes. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of this research for understanding the psychology of aging and an outline of directions for future research.
TOTAL VIABLE COUNTS | Microscopy

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by C.D. Zook, F.F. Busta, volume 3, pp 2176–2180, © 1999, Elsevier Ltd.
The properties of tests for spatial effects in discrete Markov chain models of regional income distribution dynamics

Discrete Markov chain models (DMCs) have been widely applied to the study of regional income distribution dynamics and convergence. This popularity reflects the rich body of DMC theory on the one hand and the ability of this framework to provide insights on the internal and external properties of regional income distribution dynamics on the other. In this paper we examine the properties of tests for spatial effects in DMC models of regional distribution dynamics. We do so through a series of Monte Carlo simulations designed to examine the size, power and robustness of tests for spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence in transitional dynamics. This requires that we specify a data generating process for not only the null, but also alternatives when spatial heterogeneity or spatial dependence is present in the transitional dynamics. We are not aware of any work which has examined these types of data generating processes in the spatial distribution dynamics literature. Results indicate that tests for spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence display good power for the presence of spatial effects. However, tests for spatial heterogeneity are not robust to the presence of strong spatial dependence, while tests for spatial dependence are sensitive to the spatial configuration of heterogeneity. When the spatial configuration can be considered random, dependence tests are robust to the dynamic spatial heterogeneity, but not so to the process mean heterogeneity when the difference in process means is large relative to the variance of the time series.
Magnetic Field Sensitivity in Honeybees

In the past 15 years an abundance of evidence has accumulated suggesting that the behavior—particularly the orientation—of a variety of organisms is affected by the earth’s magnetic field. The orientation and navigation of pigeons and honeybees have been unusually well studied (see reviews by von Frisch, 1967; Keeton, 1974; Gould, 1982), and of all terrestrial animals, it is in these two that the effects of magnetic fields on orientation have been most clearly and abundantly documented. Gould (Chapter 12, this volume) reviews the pigeon findings. Here we review the evidence for an effect of the earth’s magnetic field on honeybee orientation. Where we see the evidence as weak, we say so and suggest experiments that should help to show whether or not the effects are real. We then discuss the nature and sensitivity of the receptor mechanism as inferred from behavioral observations and anatomical studies. Again, we suggest experiments which should help us to locate and understand the magnetic field detector.
Micronutrients: Influence of nutrient solution pH on the uptake of plant nutrients and growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Bright Golden Anne’ in hydroponic culture

The influence of nutrient solution pH on growth and nutrient uptake of Chrysanthemum mori folium ‘Bright Golden Anne’ in a recirculating hydroponic culture system was investigated. Plants were grown in two nutrient solutions (Hoagland's and Petersr Hydro‐Sol) adjusted daily to pH levels of 4.5, 5.5, 6.5 or 7.5 for a period of five weeks. Growth parameters (shoot, root, and total fresh and dry weights; leaf number and area) and nutrient uptake (total‐N, NO3 and organic‐N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, B, Cu, Zn, Na and Mo) were maximal for both nutrient solutions when a pH of 6.5 was maintained.
Cerebral cavernous malformations: Review of the genetic and protein-protein interactions resulting in disease pathogenesis

Mutations in the genes KRIT1, CCM2, and PDCD10 are known to result in the formation of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). CCMs are intracranial lesions comprised of aberrantly enlarged “cavernous” endothelial channels that can result in cerebral hemorrhage, seizures, and neurologic deficits. Although these genes have been known to be associated with CCMs since the 1990s, numerous discoveries have been made that better elucidate how they and their subsequent protein products are involved in CCM pathogenesis. Since our last review of the molecular genetics of CCM pathogenesis in 2012, breakthroughs include a more thorough understanding of the protein structures of the gene products, involvement with integrin proteins and MEKK3 signaling pathways, the importance of CCM2-PDCD10 interactions, and others. In this review, we highlight the advances that further our understanding of the gene to protein to disease relationships of CCMs.
Evaluation of Moyamoya Disease in Sickle Cell Anemia Patients After Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis

Abstract Abstract 1059 Background: Moyamoya disease is a progressive cerebrovascular complication of sickle cell anemia characterized by collateral arterial formation in response to progressive stenosis of the large intracranial arteries. Despite chronic transfusions, moyamoya is associated with a high risk of stroke recurrence. Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) is a surgical technique used to reestablish or augment cerebral perfusion in patients with moyamoya disease. However, evidence for its efficacy in SCA patients is limited. We initiated a prospective study to determine whether EDAS is safe and increases blood flow to ischemic areas of brain in SCA patients with moyamoya. Methods/Results: SCA patients who had complete or partial obstruction of the dICA with progression to moyamoya disease were eligible for EDAS. Progressive cognitive decline, dystonia and persistent seizures were also factors influencing eligibility. Seven SCA patients (age: median 16yrs, range 4–23yrs; sex: 5F/2M ) with moyamoya disease underwent encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) procedures between 3/2007 and 9/2010. All 7 patients were regularly transfused for a history of stroke or MRA-documented ICA stenosis. Complete or partial obstruction of the dICA with moyamoya changes was detected on MRA scans and confirmed by cerebral angiography. Bilateral (n = 2) or unilateral (n = 5) encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis procedures in which the superficial temporal artery is transplanted through a small craniotomy with dural and arachnoid opening and sutured to the pia were performed. Perfusion MR-weighted imaging was performed pre- and post-operatively to evaluate changes in relative cerebral blood volume and time to peak enhancement. Results: All patients have remained free of neurovascular complications and have had no new ischemic changes on MRI with an average follow-up of 26 months. All patients subjectively reported improvement in overall well-being. A decrease in the frequency of headaches (n=1), resolution of seizures (n=2) and improved gait (n=1) were also observed. Collateral anastomoses between external and internal carotid arteries were established by MRA in all patients. All 4 patients who had pre and post-procedure MRA perfusion imaging showed a reduction in the delay of time to peak enhancement in the affected territory after EDAS. Conclusion: Our results indicate that EDAS is a safe and effective surgical procedure to re-establish blood flow to ischemic brain tissue in patients with SCA who develop moyamoya disease. MRA perfusion imaging may be a useful tool to evaluate improved perfusion status after EDAS. Further examination of neuropsychologic correlates, such as executive function, with EDAS procedures in these patients is presently underway. Disclosures: Vichinsky: Novartis: Research Funding; Apotex: Research Funding.
Functional role for cortical-striatal circuitry in modulating alcohol self-administration.

The cortical-striatal brain circuitry is heavily implicated in drug-use. As such, the present study investigated the functional role of cortical-striatal circuitry in modulating alcohol self-administration. Given that a functional role for the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) in modulating alcohol-reinforced responding has been established, we sought to test the role of cortical brain regions with afferent projections to the AcbC: the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the insular cortex (IC). Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer alcohol (15% alcohol (v/v)+2% sucrose (w/v)) during 30 min sessions. To test the functional role of the mPFC or IC, we utilized a chemogenetic technique (hM4Di-Designer Receptors Activation by Designer Drugs) to silence neuronal activity prior to an alcohol self-administration session. Additionally, we chemogenetically silenced mPFC→AcbC or IC→AcbC projections, to investigate the role of cortical-striatal circuitry in modulating alcohol self-administration. Chemogenetically silencing the mPFC decreased alcohol self-administration, while silencing the IC increased alcohol self-administration, an effect absent in mCherry-Controls. Interestingly, silencing mPFC→AcbC projections had no effect on alcohol self-administration. In contrast, silencing IC→AcbC projections decreased alcohol self-administration, in a reinforcer-specific manner as there was no effect in rats trained to self-administer sucrose (0.8%, w/v). Additionally, no change in self-administration was observed in the mCherry-Controls. Together these data demonstrate the complex role of the cortical-striatal circuitry while implicating a role for the insula-striatal circuit in modulating ongoing alcohol self-administration.
Signal processing aspects of the sample clock frequency offset scheme for the SKA1 mid telescope array

In the proposed sample clock frequency offset (SCFO) scheme, the received signals at each antenna of the Square Kilometre Array Mid Telescope Array are sampled at slightly different sample rates. Subsequently, these sampled sequences are digitally re-sampled to a common sample rate prior to channelization and correlation/ beamforming. In this paper, the signal processing aspects of the SCFO scheme as it relates to the correlator and beamformer (CBF) of the SKA1 Mid Telescope are discussed. Here, it is shown that sample clock-related self-interference and out-of-band interference de-correlates improving the quality of correlated/ beamformed results.
Translating Lung Microbiome Profiles into the Next-Generation Diagnostic Gold Standard for Pneumonia: a Clinical Investigator's Perspective.

ABSTRACT Severe bacterial pneumonia is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality, yet current diagnostic approaches rely on identification of causative pathogens by cultures, which require extended incubation periods and often fail to detect relevant pathogens. Consequently, patients are prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics in a “one-size-fits-all” manner, which may be inappropriate for their individual needs and promote antibiotic resistance. My research focuses on leveraging next-generation sequencing of microbial DNA directly from patient samples for the development of new, culture-independent definitions of pneumonia. In this perspective article, I discuss the current state of the field and focus on the conceptual and research design challenges for clinical translation. With ongoing technological advancements and application of computational biology methods for assessing clinical validity and utility, I anticipate that sequencing-based diagnostics will soon be able to positively disrupt the way we think about, diagnose, and treat pulmonary infections.
Introductory Remarks by Laura Dickinson

The growing use of cyberspace by state and nonstate actors is testing the limits of our international legal rules. And the recent issuance of the Tallinn Manual , both in its first iteration and now in its second version as Tallinn 2.0 , attempts to identify the emerging law in this area. But many of the principles it asserts are controversial. This panel grapples with some of the key contested issues in this emerging domain.
Evolving to the Study of Imagery and Aromas

Imagery has fascinated me for many years. The first paper I ever wrote, after my dissertation, was with Roy Hamlin, who was my chair; that was in 1958. He was a man who, in spite of the behavioral Zeitgeist of the times, was open to the study of non-readily observable events, e.g., images that occur during the falling asleep and waking up states—hypnogogic and hypnopompic phenomena and during hypnosis, what we might today call “altered states of consciousness.” We co-authored a paper at that time entitled “Loosening of thought controls and the creative process.” Essentially what we were concerned about were the thoughts and images that come to us when we are in a state other than our wide awake one. It seemed to us, and we supported our thesis by referring to the literature, that the thoughts and images in these other states might be both unusual and of such a nature that they could be utilized to enhance one’s creativity. I guess an instance that intrigued us, and that has been widely reported, was Kekule’s experience, as he was awakening from sleep one day, of seeing the benzene ring projected on the wall in front of him. The solution to a very difficult problem had suddenly come to him in the form of an image and without conscious effort, at that moment, in that direction.
3.1 – Heteroatom Nucleophiles with Metal-activated Alkenes and Alkynes

Electron-rich, unsaturated hydrocarbons, which are normally resistant to nucleophilic attack, become generally reactive towards nucleophiles upon complexation to an electrophilic transition metal such as palladium(II), platinum(II) or iron(II). Complexation also directs the regio- and stereo-chemistry of the nucleophilic attack, the result of which is a new organometallic complex, which can often be used to promote additional functionalization of the original substrate. Synthetically useful examples of such processes are presented in the following sections.
Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery With an Interarterial Course: Should Family Screening Be Routine?

Objectives We sought to present cases of familial occurrence of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery with an interarterial course (AAOCA) to determine if it would alter our current screening and management recommendations. Background Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery with an interarterial course is a rare congenital anomaly that carries an increased risk of sudden death in children and young adults. There are no reports in the literature of familial AAOCA in the pediatric population. Methods In preparation for a multi-institutional prospective study evaluating patient management and surgical outcomes in children and young adults with AAOCA, a questionnaire was sent to multiple pediatric institutions in North and South America. Several respondents indicated caring for families with more than 1 member with AAOCA. These patients were identified and charts were retrospectively reviewed. Results We identified 5 families in which a child was diagnosed with AAOCA and another family member was subsequently identified through screening with echocardiography. The odds of this occurring are significantly greater than what would be expected by chance. All identified by screening were asymptomatic and had anomalous right coronary artery despite 2 of the 5 index cases having anomalous left coronary artery. Conclusions It is possible that there is a genetic link for AAOCA. Future research into this is warranted. Due to the potential risk of myocardial ischemia and sudden death associated with AAOCA, screening first-degree relatives for AAOCA using transthoracic echocardiography would be the prudent approach to potentially prevent a sudden catastrophic event.
The effect of outpatient methadone maintenance treatment facilities on place-based crime

This study evaluates the effect of outpatient methadone maintenance treatment (OMMT) facilities on crime in surrounding areas. Between 2007 and 2017 in Philadelphia, three OMMT facilities closed, and six new OMMT facilities opened. The variation in OMMT facility presence at these nine locations provides an opportunity to estimate the place-based effect of OMMT facilities on crime. We use Poisson regression to estimate the percentage change in crime relative to OMMT facility proximity. We also compare those effects relative to crime trends around OMMT facilities that were continuously open throughout the study period. Within a 200 m radius, the presence of an OMMT facility causes a significant decrease in property and total crime but a significant increase in drug and violent crime. There are no significant effects on crime outside of the 200-m radius. The effects of an OMMT facility on property, violent, and total crime decrease with increasing distance from the OMMT facility, consistent with a causal effect. OMMT facilities appear to influence crime in their surroundings. The areas around OMMT facilities experience reduced total crime and property crime; nonetheless, these areas might benefit from further assessment of violent crime risk.
Evaluating the impact of renewable generation on transmission expansion planning

Abstract Transmission expansion solutions can be affected greatly by renewable energy resources scale-up efforts that aim at tapping a large amount of renewable generation from dispersed locations. In this paper, we study how renewable generation, wind and solar in particular, can impact the transmission expansion planning (TEP). We study the effects of correlations between variable resources, installed capacities, fluctuations, and changing the harvesting locations on transmission expansion solutions. To capture these effects accurately, especially the correlations effects, we consider hourly resolution for renewable generation and system demand when computing the operation costs. Since using hourly resolution substantially increases the computational time of the TEP solution algorithm, we use multivariate interpolation to accelerate the computations. We use the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization to solve the TEP problem. We also compare the expansion plans obtained by using the multivariate interpolation method, clustered data, and using DC versus AC optimal power flow models. We run all studies on the IEEE 24-bus test system for a planning horizon of 10 years.
Sheet‐extruded films from blends of hydroxypropylated and native corn starches, and their characterization

Sheet‐extruded films from the blends of hydroxypropylated normal corn starch (HP) and native normal corn starch (NS) at weight ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100 were prepared and characterized. Glycerol and water were added as plasticizers at 11 and 27% starch weight, respectively. The highest tensile strength (TS) and longest elongation to break (EB) for dry films were observed at 70:30 HP: NS ratio, which was 25.76 MPa, and 3.97%, respectively. However, TS and EB of this 70:30 blend extruded starch film exhibited low resistance upon wetting for 10s. The film TS and EB were reduced to 13.26 MPa and 3.35%, respectively. Addition of 0.5% (wt/wt starch) succinic acid (SA) as a cross‐linker to 70:30 HP: NS starch blend before film extrusion positively affected both TS and EB of films upon wetting; rather higher TS (16.64 MPa) and EB (4.85%) values were observed, which indicated improvement in water resistance of the films. Sheet‐extruded films from 70:30 HP: NS blends resulted in improved dry strength, and upon cross‐linking with SA, improved wet strength as well. The films had smooth and compact structure, which was explained by esterification/transesterification reactions promoted by SA, and confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Manufacturing packaging films from biological sources, as well as coating materials, would be beneficial to the environment along with wider applications. Biobased packaging materials include both edible coatings and edible films along with primary and secondary packaging materials, and could also have non‐food applications. They are derived from renewable sources and are potentially biodegradable through composting (which is a technique for waste management). Hydroxypropylation of starch results in wider functionality, and sheet‐extrusion can result in more flexible and transparent films. Blends of 70:30 HP: NS resulted in stronger sheet‐extruded films; testing of both dry and wet strengths of films indicated its suitability for both as edible coating (wet application), and other dry coatings/ films. These blend film can be an alternative to synthetic packaging films within their limitations.
Pulmonary and cardiovascular safety of inhaled insulin in routine practice: The Exubera Large Simple Trial (VOLUME).

Abstract Objective VOLUME is a randomized, open-label, post-approval pragmatic trial aiming to evaluate long-term pulmonary and cardiovascular safety of Exubera® (EXU; insulin human [rDNA origin] Inhalation Powder) in routine clinical practice. The primary study objective is to compare risk of persistent decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) among patients treated with and without EXU. Research design and methods Patients eligible to take EXU per approved local label were randomized to EXU or routine care and followed per usual care, with scheduled FEV1 tests at baseline, 6 months, and yearly. Randomization halted in October 2007 after Pfizer announced it would stop marketing EXU due to low sales. EXU patients were subsequently transitioned to usual care and all patients were followed for 6 additional months. Results Although there was insufficient power to evaluate the primary endpoint (37% of the planned 5,300 were randomized), the study provided important descriptive information. Per the primary endpoint definition, more EXU group patients (n = 8) experienced a persistent decline in FEV1 (n = 0 in usual care). Using a broader, clinically relevant pre-specified supplementary definition of persistent decline, similar numbers were observed in the EXU (n = 27) and usual care (n = 24) groups. Slightly more pulmonary and allergic serious adverse event composite endpoints were seen in the EXU group. There were no consistent treatment group differences in the cardiovascular composite endpoint, all-cause mortality, or glycemic control. Conclusions Clinically important declines in lung function that persisted more than 60 days were uncommon and of similar frequency in Exubera and usual care. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00359801.
110th Anniversary: Process and Systems Engineering Perspectives on Personalized Medicine and the Design of Effective Treatment of Diseases

The mammalian organism maintains stable, efficient, and “near-optimal” performance and homeostasis in the face of external and internal perturbations via distinct biological systems ranging from the large-scale physiological (nervous, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, etc.), to the cellular (growth and proliferation regulation, DNA damage repair, etc.), and the subcellular (gene expression, protein synthesis, metabolite regulation, etc.). A control engineering perspective of the function, organization, and coordination of these multiscale biological systems and the control mechanisms that enable them to carry out their functions effectively provides a framework for understanding the occurrence of diseases as a consequence of the malfunction of components of these biological control systems, with implications for the design of effective treatments and the prevention of diseases. This paper provides an overview of how physiological life is made possible by control and argues for the usefulness...
The impact of universal live attenuated hepatitis A vaccines in Henan, China, 2005-2018.

Abstract Objectives To analyze the effects of one dose of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine in a developing country. Methods The reported cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection from 2005 to 2018 in Henan province, China, were analyzed. Data of vaccinated children were assessed on the childhood immunization information management system. Questionnaire survey and blood sample collection were randomly conducted in six counties and districts of Henan province to analyze the prevalence of HAV lgG among the population aged 0–70 years. Results In 2008, Henan province began to expand its program on immunization, and children aged 18 months were given one dose of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (HepA-L). From 2005 to 2007, the HAV incidence remained steady at above 5000 cases per year and increased to 7489 in 2007. Since 2008, the HAV incidence decreased cumulatively from 4576 to 237 in 2018, indicating a 94.8% decrease, which was particularly pronounced among adolescents (98.2%). The proportion of hepatitis A cases in patients younger than 10 years continually decreased from 41.6% in 2012 to 3.8% in 2018. The reduction of reported cases older than 40 years was slower than that of children. In 2012, the proportion of hepatitis A cases older than 40 years was 27.6%, and continually increased to 69.2% (164/237) in 2018. The results of serological investigation showed that the 0–1.5-year age group had the lowest anti-HAV IgG prevalence (38.6%), which increased to 75.0% in the 4–6-year age group, covered by this immunization program. Conclusions The data indicated a large decrease in HAV infections in Henan province from 2008 onward in response to the introduction of a planned immunization program of HepA-L.
COVID-19 and Collective Action

This conceptual article argues that COVID-19 poses myriad global collective action challenges, some of which are easier than others to address COVID-19 requires numerous distinct activities - e g , vaccine development, uncovering treatment practices, imposing quarantines, and disease surveillance The prognosis for effective collective action rests on the underlying aggregator technologies, which indicate how individual contributions determine the amount of a COVID-19 activity that is available for consumption Best- and better-shot aggregators are more apt to promote desired outcomes than weakest- and weaker-link aggregators The roles for public policy and important actors (e g , multi-stakeholder partnerships) in fostering collective action are indicated
Politics, Personality, and Impulsivity Can Color People’s Perceptions of—and Responses to—Hurricane Threats of Varying Severity:

Theory and research suggest that objective features of a threatening situation and individual differences influence threat responses. We examine three ways individual traits may relate to a threat response: (a) directly and independent of objective threat features, (b) indirectly through relationships with threat perception, or (c) as moderators of the relationship between objective threat features and responses. Using integrative data analysis (IDA), we aggregated data across three studies examining hurricane preparation intentions. Analysis supported two of the potential pathways. Supporting the first path, both openness and extraversion had direct, positive relationships with preparation likelihood. Supporting the second path, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and social conservatism positively related to preparation likelihood through a positive relationship with threat perception, whereas impulsivity and sensation-seeking negatively related to preparation likelihood through a negative relationship with threat perception. This work shows the pivotal role individual differences play regarding responses to uncertain threats.
Efficacy and safety of esmirtazapine in adult insomnia: unsupported statements about residual daytime effects.

Citation:Sangal RB. Efficacy and safety of esmirtazapine in adult insomnia: unsupported statements about residual daytime effects. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(2):341.
Ultrasmall, Bright, and Photostable Fluorescent Core-Shell Aluminosilicate Nanoparticles for Live-Cell Optical Super-Resolution Microscopy.

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is an optical super-resolution microscopy (SRM) technique that traditionally requires toxic and non-physiological imaging buffers and setups that are not conducive to live-cell studies. It is observed that ultrasmall (<10 nm) fluorescent core-shell aluminosilicate nanoparticles (aC' dots) covalently encapsulating organic fluorophores enable STORM with a single excitation source and in a regular (non-toxic) imaging buffer. It is shown that fourfold coordinated aluminum is responsible for dye blinking, likely via photoinduced redox processes. It is demonstrated that this phenomenon is observed across different dye families leading to probes brighter and more photostable than the parent free dyes. Functionalization of aC' dots with antibodies allows targeted fixed cell STORM imaging. Finally, aC' dots enable live-cell STORM imaging providing quantitative measures of the size of intracellular vesicles and the number of particles per vesicle. The results suggest the emergence of a powerful ultrasmall, bright, and photostable optical SRM particle platform with characteristics relevant to clinical translation for the quantitative assessment of cellular structures and processes from live-cell imaging.
The weird eusociality of polyembryonic parasites

Some parasitoid wasps possess soldier castes during their parasitic larval stage, but are often neglected from our evolutionary theories explaining caste systems in animal societies. This is primar...
Multiple metalcarbon bonds

Abstract The reaction of TaCp2(L)Me (L = PMe3 or PMe2Ph) with R3P=CHR′ (R = Me, Et, or Ph; R′ = H, Me, or Ph) gives L, R3P, and TaCp2(CHR′)Me in good yield. The ethylidene complex has properties much like other alkylidene complexes in this class, but most importantly, it does not rearrange to the known TaCp2(C2H4)Me complex under conditions where the latter is stable. Instead, it rearranges to TaCp2(propylene)H, possibly by migration of the alkyl to the alkylidene ligand followed by β-hydride elimination.
Psychological Treatments Delivered Nontraditionally

Psychological treatment traditionally implied an ongoing, face-to-face relationship between a patient and a trained mental health professional. However, over the last 35 years, cultural shifts, new technologies, and a reshaped health care delivery system have resulted in the emergence of new types and formats of psychological assistance. Nontraditional treatments and formats now include: self-help/mutual support groups; computerized programs; radio and TV talk shows; Internet offerings via blogs, chat rooms, instant messaging, bulletin boards, e-mail, and social media outlets; and self-help books, CDs, and DVDs. Not only mental health professionals but paraprofessionals and nonprofessionals (widely varying in their qualifications to offer such help) create these materials and market these services.
Development Through Dissent: Campus Activism as Civic Learning

This chapter traces two decades of published research on learning outcomes related to campus activism and reports results from a speculative study considering civic outcomes from participation in campus political and war demonstrations.
Requirements engineering for cloud computing: a comparison framework

In industrial practice, cloud computing is becoming increasingly established as an option for formulating cost-efficient and needs-oriented information systems. Despite the increasing acceptance of cloud computing within the industry many important questions remain unanswered, or are answered only partially. Besides issues relating to the best architectures, legal issues and pricing models, suppliers of cloud-based solutions are faced with the question of appropriate requirements engineering. This means eliciting optimum understanding of the customer's requirements and implementing this into appropriate requirements of the solution to be realised. This article examines selected, established requirements engineering methods in order to study the extent to which they can be applied to the specific requirements of cloud-based solutions. Furthermore, it develops a comparison framework containing the features of cloud computing. This comparison framework is applied to four established process models for requirements engineering. Recommendations for a requirements engineering system adapted to cloud computing are derived.
Do-it-yourself statistics: A computer-assisted likelihood approach to analysis of data from genetic crosses.

Graduate school programs in genetics have become so full that courses in statistics have often been eliminated. In addition, typical introductory statistics courses for the "statistics user" rather than the nascent statistician are laden with methods for analysis of measured variables while genetic data are most often discrete numbers. These courses are often seen by students and genetics professors alike as largely irrelevant cookbook courses. The powerful methods of likelihood analysis, although commonly employed in human genetics, are much less often used in other areas of genetics, even though current computational tools make this approach readily accessible. This article introduces the MLIKELY.PAS computer program and the logic of do-it-yourself maximum-likelihood statistics. The program itself, course materials, and expanded discussions of some examples that are only summarized here are available at http://www.unisi. it/ricerca/dip/bio_evol/sitomlikely/mlikely.h tml.
Professor V. Raghavan's Evaluations of Ternary Phase Diagrams: An Appreciation

For more than a decade, evaluations of ternary phase diagrams by our Associate Editor, Professor V. Raghavan, have been a regular feature of this journal. As an Emeritus Professor of the Indian Institute of Technolgy Delhi and the author of numerous monographs and technical articles on ternary and quaternary systems, he has been exceptionally qualified for this activity. His attention to the rules of phase diagram construction and his knowledge of previous work in the literature could be seen in each of his carefully drawn isotherms, isopleths, and liquidus projections as well as in his critical comments on previous work. Although he has agreed to continue in his role as Associate Editor of the Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, Professor Raghavan has decided that on the occasion of his 80th birthday he will no longer produce the evaluations. It is with much appreciation that all of us associated with JPED acknowledge the quality service he has given to the Journal with his evaluations and to his service to the profession by promoting the use of multicomponent phase diagrams by making them available for applications. Additional Background
Manhua: The evolution of Hong Kong cartoons and comics

Le terme chinois manhua est utilise a Hong Kong pour designer de facon generale tout type de bande dessinee, integrant notamment la satire, la caricature, les dessins politiques et editoriaux, mais egalement des livres d'images chinois plus traditionnels (lianhuantu) ou des adaptation locales des mangas japonaises. L'A. se propose de circonscrire le developpement des manhuas de Hong Kong et ainsi de retracer l'histoire d'un produit culturel local important. Il donne egalement un apercu general des themes centraux des manhuas. Il soutient que les bandes dessinees de Hong Kong ont joue un role important dans l'histoire chinoise des manhuas, un role souvent neglige dans les etudes sur la culture populaire chinoise ou sur la bande dessinee internationale.
Assessing the State of the Sociology of Religion

The Oxford Handbook of the Sociologi/ of Reli gion joins several existing "handbooks" and "companions" meant to serve those in the religion subdiscipline. The stated intent of this volume is "to provide scholars with the opportunity to reflect critically on issues long discussed by sociology of religion, to introduce others long relevant but little researched, and to consider the implications for the subdiscipline of the sociology of reli
Prompt electron production from the DELCO detector at the SLAC storage ring PEP.

We report final results on prompt electron production in hadronic events from e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilations at ..sqrt..s = 29 GeV, obtained with the DELCO detector at the SLAC storage ring PEP. We find the semielectronic branching ratios of charm and bottom quarks to be B(c..-->..se/sup +/..nu../sub e/) = (11.6/sub -0.9/ /sup +1.1/)% and B(b..-->..ce/sup -/nu-bar/sub e/) = (14.9/sub -1.9/ /sup +2.2/)% respectively. These results, from the complete data set, are consistent with an earlier analysis of partial data and indicate hard fragmentation functions for both c and b quarks, with mean values = 0.59 +- 0.04 and = 0.72 +- 0.05. The errors indicated here are a combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties.
ASE: Authenticated Statement Exchange

Applications often re-transmit the same data, such as digital certificates, during repeated communication instances. Avoiding such superfluous transmissions with caching, while complicated, may be necessary in order to operate in low-bandwidth, high-latency wireless networks or in order to reduce communication load in shared, mobile networks. This paper presents a general framework and an accompanying software library, called ``Authenticated Statement Exchange'' (ASE), for helping applications implement persistent caching of application-specific data. ASE supports secure caching of a number of pre-defined data types common to secure communication protocols and allows applications to define new data types to be handled by ASE. ASE is applicable to many applications. The paper describes the use of ASE in one such application, secure group chat. In a recent real-use deployment, ASE was instrumental in allowing secure group chat to operate over low-bandwidth satellite links.
Structural reliability as applied to highway bridges

Summary The paper presents the application of reliability methods in the development of a load and resistance factor design (LRFD) bridge codes. Structural performance is measured in terms of the reliability index. Load and resistance models are summarized. An important step is the selection of the target reliability index and calculation of load and resistance factors. Load and resistance factors are derived so that the reliability of bridges designed using the proposed provisions is at the predefined target level.
Ultra low sulphur diesel fuel impacts on availability of other fuels

Abstract Legislation for ultra low sulphur (ULS) diesel fuel, with a greatly reduced allowable sulphur content and a new limit on aromatics content, is expected to be in place in the USA by 1995. The ULS diesel fuel has been specified to satisfy US standards for particulate emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines. The Navy Mobility Fuels Forecasting System has been used to study the impacts of ULS diesel fuel production on other refined petroleum products. The study predicts that to produce ULS diesel fuel, US Gulf and west coast refiners will have to invest about $4.4 billion in new processing capacity. Refiners will shift aromatics from No 2 diesel fuel to jet fuel and to No 2 fuel oil. Therefore, particulate emissions could be transferred from highways to airways and to communities which use No 2 fuel oil for residential and commercial heating. The study also predicts that there will be an increase in the aromatics content of Navy JP-5 jet fuel and F-76 marine diesel fuel produced in the USA. The gum-forming tendencies of F-76 and F-77 burner fuel oil will increase in most cases. The freezing point of JP-5 will improve. There will be minor changes in the cost of JP-5, but sizable reductions in the cost of F-76 and F-77.
D-amphetamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

In a double-blind rossover study, single doses of d-amphetamine and placebo were administered to 12 patients with severe chronic obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Improvement of obsessional symptoms was significant on clinical ratings and was correlated with improved performance on an attention task. Changes were also significant for self-rated measures of activation and altered reality. The behavioral response to amphetamine was not statistically correlated with subsequent improvement during a 6-week clomipramine trial, although the direction of change was the same during both treatments for every patient studied.
Testing for Common Trends

Abstract Cointegrated multiple time series share at least one common trend. Two tests are developed for the number of common stochastic trends (i.e., for the order of cointegration) in a multiple time series with and without drift. Both tests involve the roots of the ordinary least squares coefficient matrix obtained by regressing the series onto its first lag. Critical values for the tests are tabulated, and their power is examined in a Monte Carlo study. Economic time series are often modeled as having a unit root in their autoregressive representation, or (equivalently) as containing a stochastic trend. But both casual observation and economic theory suggest that many series might contain the same stochastic trends so that they are cointegrated. If each of n series is integrated of order 1 but can be jointly characterized by k > n stochastic trends, then the vector representation of these series has k unit roots and n — k distinct stationary linear combinations. Our proposed tests can be viewed alterna...
Comparative planetology: History of water in the inner solar system

In the early solar system, distribution of volatiles such as water, carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia was determined by the radial temperature gradient produced by solar radiation, resulting in the ultimate formation of small, volatile-poor terrestrial-type planets in the inner solar system and massive, volatile-rich gas giants in the outer solar system. Any volatiles present above the surfaces of the terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) are the result of outgassing from their interiors. During more than five decades of studying the planets of the inner solar system by increasingly more sophisticated spacecraft, much has been learned about the past and present inventories of volatiles at various planets and about the physical processes responsible for volatile losses. We now know from observations at Venus and Mars that both planets had oceans for extended periods of up to perhaps a billion years. This paper reviews what has been learned from spacecraft missions about the initial volat...
Application of the Intel/sup /spl reg// reconfigurable communications architecture to 802.11a, 3G and 4G standards

The increasing number of wireless LAN, MAN, PAN and WAN standards creates challenges for wireless equipment manufacturers: support multiple protocols in a multimode radio, reduce time to market for adding new capability for new standards, and keeping up with the ever increasing data rates that are required. One solution to these challenges is the Intel/sup /spl reg// reconfigurable communications architecture (RCA). RCA is a power and area efficient design for physical layer (PHY) and lower MAC processing. To achieve the desired efficiency for multiprotocol processing, we defined several programmable accelerators for key communications operations. This work describes our analysis of mapping various wireless protocols (WLAN, 3G and a proposed 4G standard) to RCA. These results indicate that our architecture has enough flexibility and scalability to support a range of standards.