cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multivariate immigration with multiple death process and applications to lunar craters.

SUMMARY We consider a stochastic model of a population composed of several types of individuals in which the Poissonwise arrival of an individual of 'large' type can cause the immediate death or loss of a certain number of individuals of smaller type. The survival of various small-type individuals is assumed independent, though possibly a function of the size of victim and killer. The probability generating function version of the forward Kolmogorov equation is derived, and from this explicit formulae for the first two factorial moments derived in the general case. The joint probability generating function of the numbers of individuals of various sizes is obtained explicitly in the case of two types of individuals by means of a direct probabilistic argument. The limiting distribution of small-type individuals is studied numerically and shown to be well approximated by the negative binomial distribution. This stochastic process is then used to approximate the formation and survival of lunar craters, a stochastic covering process. We consider here a stochastic model of a population composed of several types of individuals. The individuals arrive independently of each other according to Poisson processes with different rates. If an individual of 'large' type enters the population, he may at the instant of his arrival kill off a certain number of individuals of 'smaller' types already existing in the population. It is assumed that small-type individuals are killed independently of each other, with probabilities depending on the size of both the victim and the killer. In ?2 we derive a partial differential equation for the joint probability generating function (p.g.f.) for several types of individuals. The arguments of the p.g.f. in some terms of this differential equation are shifted, making an analytic solution very difficult. However, it is possible to obtain explicit formulae for the moments. In ?3 the joint p.g.f. is obtained by a direct probabilistic argument in the case of two types of individuals. The limiting marginal distribution of the number of small-type individuals is studied numerically in ?4, where it is shown that the negative binomial distribution provides a fairly good approximation to this distribution. We conclude with a discussion of the formation and survival of lunar craters, a stochastic covering process which can be approximated by a multivariate immigration with multiple death process. The limiting form of the expected number density of craters, as predicted by the meteoroidal impact hypothesis of their origin, is shown to be inversely proportional to the third power of crater diameter, in agreement with observations. The non-randomness
Alteration of medical records.

A 62-year-old man was referred as an outpatient to a hospital’s radiology department for a CT scan of the lumbar spine. The patient had undergone a lumbar laminectomy 4 years earlier for spinal stenosis. He now complained of recurrent back pain and muscle weakness in the lower extremities. After completion of the preinfusion CT examination, the patient was administered 100 ml IV of diatrizoate meglumine &)%. Within moments, dyspnea and arrhythmia developed, and the patient became severely hypotensive. Immediate resuscitative efforts were instituted and the patient’s condition markedly improved. Because of ECG abnormalities, the patient was transferred to the hospital’s ICU. Later that day, the patient suffered an acute myocardial infarction. Within I week, the patient recovered sufficiently to be discharged from the hospital, and he ultimately made an apparently uneventful recovery. Six months later, the patient filed a malpractice lawsuit against the hospital and the radiologist, claiming that the myocardial infarction resulted from the failure to properly treat the severe contrast media reaction sustained during the CT examination. Case 2
Ordinary differential equations in linear topological space. II.

Ordinary differential equations in linear topological space extended from Fattorini investigation, emphasizing use of linear operator
New Theoretical Line List for the B′ 2Σ+←X 2Σ+ System of 24MgH

Fully quantum-mechanical techniques have been applied to compute the complete line list for the B' 2Σ+ ← X 2Σ+ system of 24MgH. The list includes transition energies and oscillator strengths over the wavelength range 11,850-32,130 cm-1, for all possible allowed transitions from the ground electronic state vibrational levels v'' = 0-11. This list was computed using the best available ab initio potential energies and dipole transition moment function, with the former adjusted to account for experimental data. The agreement of the current calculations with previous theoretical results and the line list of Kurucz is discussed. Although spectroscopic accuracy for a particular line cannot be claimed for our calculations, comparison is made with the recent astronomical measurements of Wallace et al. A line list for pure rovibrational transitions in the X 2Σ+ state is also presented.
A sheaf of bicomodules over the incidence coalgebra

Abstract To each partition π of a locally finite partially ordered set P into convex subsets is associated a C(P) -bicomodule S ( π ) where C ( P ) is the incidence coalgebra of P over some commutative ring. The complete lattice of all partitions of P into convex subsets is given a structure of Grothendieck topology in such a way that the association of S ( π ) to π yields a sheaf of C(P) -bicomodules. Some applications of parts of this machinery are given including a proof of Rota's Main Theorem.
Image component labelling on the star graph using divide and conquer

Since its introduction in the literature, the star interconnection network has become a popular architecture for connecting parallel processors. It compares favourably with the famous hypercube as far as basic network attributes are concerned. Its degree and diameter are sublogarithmic with respect to the total number of processors and it enjoys fault tolerance and symmetry properties. It remains to be seen whether known efficient algorithms that have been developed for other interconnection network architectures can be implemented efficiently on the star, and how well these will perform in the presence of faults in the network. The authors address this question for image analysis algorithms, specifically for the image component labelling problem. Component labelling is a fundamental and basic task common to virtually all image analysis problems. The star interconnection network is modelled with a graph, an innovative grid embedding into the star is used and an efficient algorithm to solve the image component labelling problem on the star graph is developed. The authors then analyse the performance of the algorithm in the fault-free star graph.
CORR Insights®: Assessing Shoulder Motion in Children: Age Limitations to Mallet and ABC Loops

This CORR Insights® is a commentary on the article “Assessing Shoulder Motion in Children: Age Limitations to Mallet and ABC Loops” by Pearl and colleagues available at: DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-3324-9. The author certifies that he, or a member of his immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research ® editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR ® or the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®. This CORR Insights® comment refers to the article available at DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-3324-9.
Nanotechnology from the bottom up: Light-directed Synthesis of DNA molecules

Maskless photolithography and light-protected phosphoramidite precursors are used to generate large libraries of DNA oligonucleotides. We discuss merits and challenges of using these “oligos” as building blocks for the “bottom-up” synthesis of complex DNA structures.
Induced pluripotent stem cells for regenerative cardiovascular therapies and biomedical discovery

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has, in the short time since their discovery, revolutionized the field of stem cell biology. This technology allows the generation of a virtually unlimited supply of cells with pluripotent potential similar to that of embryonic stem cells (ESC). However, in contrast to ESC, iPSC are not subject to the same ethical concerns and can be easily generated from living individuals. For the first time, patient-specific iPSC can be generated and offer a supply of genetically identical cells that can be differentiated into all somatic cell types for potential use in regenerative therapies or drug screening and testing. As the techniques for generation of iPSC lines are constantly evolving, new uses for human iPSC are emerging from in-vitro disease modeling to high throughput drug discovery and screening. This technology promises to revolutionize the field of medicine and offers new hope for understanding and treatment of numerous diseases.
Effect of vitamin B12, folic acid, and nicotinamide on urinary coproporphyrin excretion in photosensitized rabbits.

Summary and ConclusionsThe administration of large amounts of folic acid inhibited the increase of the urinary coproporphyrin in rabbits given Rose Bengal and exposed to ultraviolet light. The administration of small amounts of vit. B12 had the same effect. The combination of folic acid and vit. B12 had no advantage over either substance given separately. The administration of nicotinamide in large amount produced a significant but only partial inhibition.In view of the fact that nicotinamide, folic acid, and vit. B12 are all intimately related to cellular metabolism, it seems highly likely that the marked increases of urinary coproporphyrin under these experimental conditions are likewise so related, but whether to the metabolism of the bone marrow, or some other system of cells is not clear. Further studies of these relationships are in progress.
Transient Fluid Flow in Short-Pulse Operation of Bipropellant Thrusters

The flow of propellants into an evacuated injector during a short pulse was measured for several propellants using two different methods. In the first method, the fluid front was observed with a high-speed camera. In the second method, the average fluid velocity during a pulse was determined from the pressure rise in the chamber from a pulse. The propellants tested were hydrazine, monomethyl hydrazine, hexane, water, and nitrogen tetroxide. The measured velocities are an order of magnitude slower than the steady-state velocities under the same conditions. The results are consistent with the development of a flow controlled by inertia and viscous drag. The implications for pulsed operation of bipropellant thrusters are discussed.
Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Orthorhombic α ­ PbO2 on (100)-Oriented Single Crystal Au

Epitaxial films of orthorhombic lead dioxide α-PbO 2 (Pbcn, a = 0.4971, h = 0.5956, and c = 0.5438 nm) were electrodeposited at room temperature on a [100]-oriented single crystal Au substrate (cubic, Fm3m, a = 0.4079 nm). The values of lattice mismatch are 21.9, 46.0, and 33.3% in the a, b, and c directions of α-PbO 2 , respectively. The films are [100]-oriented, with the a axis perpendicular to the substrate. Depending on the preparation conditions, the film was found to form two different in-plane orientations, with the unit cell of the PbO 2 structure rotated either 45 or 11.5° relative to the substrate. For the films deposited at low current density, only the first type of the in-plane texture is observed, while at high current densities both types are present in comparable amounts.
Outcomes of single organism peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: Gram negatives versus gram positives in the Network 9 Peritonitis Study

The use of the "peritonitis rate" in the management of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis is assuming importance in comparing the prowess of facilities, care givers and new innovations. For this to be a meaningful outcome measure, the type of infection (causative pathogen) must have less clinical significance than the number of infections during a time interval. The natural history of Staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas, and fungal peritonitis would not support that the outcome of an episode of peritonitis is independent of the causative pathogen. Could this concern be extended to other more frequently occurring pathogens? To address this, the Network 9 Peritonitis Study identified 530 episodes of single organism peritonitis caused by a gram positive organism and 136 episodes caused by a single non-pseudomonal gram negative (NPGN) pathogen. Coincidental soft tissue infections (exit site or tunnel) occurred equally in both groups. Outcomes of peritonitis were analyzed by organism classification and by presence or absence of a soft tissue infection. NPGN peritonitis was associated with significantly more frequent catheter loss, hospitalization, and technique failure and was less likely to resolve regardless of the presence or absence of a soft tissue infection. Hospitalization and death tended to occur more frequently with enterococcal peritonitis than with other gram positive peritonitis. The outcomes in the NPGN peritonitis group were significantly worse (resolution, catheter loss, hospitalization, technique failure) compared to coagulase negative staphylococcal or S. aureus peritonitis, regardless of the presence or absence of a coincidental soft tissue infection. Furthermore, for the first time, the poor outcomes of gram negative peritonitis are shown to be independent of pseudomonas or polymicrobial involvement or soft tissue infections. The gram negative organism appears to be the important factor. In addition, the outcome of peritonitis caused by S. aureus is worse than that of other staphylococci. Thus, it is clear that all peritonitis episodes cannot be considered equivalent in terms of outcome. The concept of peritonitis rate is only meaningful when specific organisms are considered.
Cerebrovascular Effects of IV Dopamine Infusions in Preterm and Near-Term Fetal Sheep • 1870

Preterm infants often receive IV dopamine infusions after birth to maintain or increase their mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). One rationale for this therapeutic strategy is that reaching a “magic MAP” optimizes cerebral perfusion pressure and prevents brain injury. However, there is little data regarding cerebrovascular responses of the developing brain to IV dopamine. Using chronically-catheterized, unanesthetized fetal sheep, we tested the hypothesis that IV dopamine causes dosedependent cerebral vasoconstriction in immature fetuses. We measured catecholamine levels using an HPLC method, cerebral blood flow (CBF) via radiolabeled microspheres and cerebral arterial and venous (sagittal sinus) O2 content, and we calculated cerebrovascular resistance (CVR = MAP ÷ CBF) and cerebral O2 consumption (CMRO2) and O2 delivery (OD). We studied seven near-term (132 ± 1 days gestation) and eight preterm (93 ± 1 days) fetal sheep two days after vascular catheters were placed in utero. Measurements were made at baseline and at four dopamine infusion rates: 2.5, 7.5, 25 and 75 μg/kg/min. Results: (mean ± SEM) for higher doses: Table In addition, there was a dose-dependent increase in glucose and lactate concentrations, a decrease in arterial pH, but no significant changes in systemic or cerebral oxygenation or CMRO2.
Demonstration of a white light interferometer using fast light

This paper presents the first demonstration of a white-light-cavity in a free-space cavity. Design of a whitelight- cavity has been proposed using negative dispersion in an intra-cavity medium to make the cavity resonate over a large range of frequencies and still maintain a high cavity build-up. The negative dispersion of the intra-cavity medium is caused by bi-frequency Raman gain in an atomic vapor cell. A significantly broad cavity response over a bandwidth greater than 20 MHz has been observed.
Structure determination and modeling of monoclinic trioctylphosphine oxide.

Trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), C24H51OP, was recrystallized from ambient evaporation in acetone. TOPO single crystals form with a monoclinic P21/c structure. Fourier transform IR (FT–IR) spectroscopy captures the characteristic stretching modes from the seven methyl­ene groups, the phosphoryl P=O bond, and the phosphor­yl–carbon bond.
Systemic, but not intrathecal ketorolac is antinociceptive to uterine cervical distension in rats.

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors demonstrate effective antinociception in many clinical and experimental pain models. Acute uterine cervical distension (UCD) forms the basis for obstetric and some gynecologic pain, and acute UCD in rats results in nocifensor reflexes which are inhibited by morphine in animals lacking, but not in animals with circulating estrogen. We studied the antinociceptive effect of intravenous and intrathecal injection of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ketorolac in acute UCD rats and its dependency on estrogen. Virgin rats received estrogen or placebo treatment for 1 week following oviarectomy. An intrathecal catheter was inserted for drug administration. Rats were anesthetized, then the electromyographic response in the rectus abdominus muscle and mean arterial blood pressure change to UCD was recorded before and with cumulative dosing of intravenous or intrathecal ketorolac. Intravenous ketorolac produced dose dependent inhibition of the responses to UCD, but intrathecal ketorolac was ineffective at the maximum test dose (300 μg). Estrogen replacement did not affect the stimulus response or maximum efficacy of ketorolac. Unlike morphine, which reduces response to UCD by spinal and supraspinal mechanisms and whose action is blocked by estrogen, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ketorolac acts at an estrogen-independent, non spinal site.
In vivo detection of circulating tumor cells during tumor manipulation

Melanoma of the head and neck and its treatment are complex issues. The behavior of head and neck melanoma is aggressive, and it has an overall poorer prognosis than of other skin sites. The goal of this research was to determine if melanoma manipulation could enhance penetration of cancer cells from the primary tumor into the circulatory system. Nude mice were inoculated with melanoma cells in the mouse ear. Blood vessels were monitored for the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using in vivo photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry (PAFC). The implanted tumor underwent compression, incisional biopsy, or surgical excision, and the release of CTCs was monitored using in vivo PAFC in real time. We discovered that some medical procedures, like compression of an implanted tumor of a mouse model or an incisional biopsy, may either initiate CTC release in the blood which previously contained no CTCs or dramatically increased (10-30–fold) CTC counts above the initially recorded level. These findings indicate that some intervention (such as palpation during physical exam, or incisional biopsy) can potentially enhance penetration of cancer cells from a primary tumor into the blood circulation, which may increase the risk of metastases. Our results warn oncologists of at least some precaution during physical examination, careful surgery strategy.
Human health effects: importance of chronic and genetic evaluation on new large volume chemicals disposed into the environment with potential entry into the food chain.

In the process of benefit-risk assessment, it is the responsibility of the scientist to provide qualitative and quantitative estimates of risk associated with human and environmental exposure to a compound. In order to do this, a systematic approach to safety evaluation is proposed. The need is stressed to take account of the current revolution in toxicological thought and practice. Particular emphasis is laid on the early introduction of studies on metabolism and pharmacokinetics, the results of which act as a guide to the determination of doses and duration of subchronic and long term studies. Chronic and genetic evaluations are regarded as the superstructure resting on well laid foundations. Consideration of tests for genetic effects emphasizes the useful but limited role of microbial assays of mutagenic potential, in contrast to the very real value of using mammalian systems in vitro or in vivo. All have a long way to go in terms of standardization, validation, and exploration of a wider range of chemical classes. Long term toxicity tests are intended to delineate the dose-response relationships of adverse effects, including carcinogenicity. Without exception, all such relationships are subject to mathematical analysis to provide risk estimates that can be used in conjunction with data concerning anticipated human and environmental exposures. Risk estimates should also be applied to the potential for entry into the food chain, taking into account all factors relating to this phenomenon.
New results of presolar-grain studies and constraints on nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution

A new type of secondary ion mass spectrometer, the NanoSIMS, allows the elemental and isotopic analysis of smaller samples than could be measured previously. This instrument has been successfully applied to studies of new types of presolar grains in primitive meteorites and interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). Examples include O- and Mg-isotopic measurements of sub- μ m spinel grains, the discovery of presolar silicates in IDPs and meteorites, and the Mg- and Ti-isotopic analysis of rare classes of presolar silicon carbide grains.
Electrochemical processes in recovering metals from ores

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS{sub 2}) is one of the most abundant copper-bearing minerals in the U.S. Oxidative leaching and smelting and refining are the most common methods used for recovering copper from chalcopyrite. One of the problems associated with oxidative leaching is the formation of an elemental sulfur product layer around the unreacted chalcopyrite core. The sulfur coating slows the reaction by inhibiting both the diffusion of the oxidant to the unreacted core, and the diffusion of the copper and iron species to the bulk solution. Another problem with leaching is that the iron and copper are oxidized simultaneously. Both appear in the bulk solution in their most oxidized states. The direct electrodissolution of copper sulfide ore slurries could reduce the number of steps involved in the copper recovery process, possibly leading to significant reductions in energy consumption and operating costs. The potential application of electrodissolution processes in hydrometallurgy has been reviewed. This paper reviews investigations of the electrochemical dissolution of chalcopyrite, digenite (Cu{sub 1.8}S), chalcocite (Cu{sub 2}S) and covellite (CuS).
Optical techniques for remote probing of the atmosphere

The Optical Society of America and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research sponsored the series of five topical meetings collectively designated Winter 83 held in Incline Village, Nev. during the weeks of 10 and 17 Jan. 1983. The 1 Sept. 1983 issue of Applied Optics contains 24 of the papers presented at the Topical Meeting on Optical Techniques for Remote Probing of the Atmosphere.
Proximity to service providers and service utilization among welfare recipients: the interaction of place and race.

Currently, welfare programs coordinate a range of services to support work among welfare recipients and help them overcome barriers to employment. This paper considers the relationship between spatial proximity to and utilization of support services among welfare recipients. Accessibility of mental health and substance abuse service providers among welfare recipients is examined in the three-county Detroit metropolitan area and the relationship between mental health service accessibility and mental health service utilization among welfare recipients considered. Not only does access to service providers vary significantly across the metropolitan area by race and place, but these analyses reveal that greater spatial proximity to service providers increases the probability that welfare recipients will receive services. When controlling for access to providers and individual-level characteristics, we also find that African American welfare recipients are about half as likely to use mental health services as white recipients. © 2003 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Naturalness of discrete symmetries in superstrings

Abstract A criterion of naturalness is suggested for discrete symmetries occuring in superstring compactification. In a three-family Calabi-Yau manifold, such naturalness is investigated for a discrete symmetry necessary to avoid fast proton decay.
UV-enhanced Ordering in Azobenzene-Containing Polystyrene-block-Poly(n-Butyl Methacrylate) Copolymer Blends

Reversible photocontrol on the ordering of block copolymers through the disorder-to-order transition (DOT) is important to promote long-range laterally ordered nanostructures over a macroscopic sca...
Comparison of 125-Iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR) and [3H]Thymidine ([3H]TdR) for Assessing Cell Proliferation in the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay

The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) evaluates the dermal sensitization potential of chemicals by assessing the cell proliferation within the auricular lymph nodes following topical application of a chemical to the ears. Traditionally, [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) is used to measure proliferation. Because of its long half-life and the resulting expense of disposing of [3H]TdR waste, the usefulness, reliability, selectivity, and sensitivity of 125-iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR) was evaluated as an alternative radiolabel in the LLNA. An optimal response was obtained using the following: daily exposure on the dorsum of both ears for 3 days; 2 days of rest; on the sixth day IV injection of 2 μCi/mouse 125IUdR; removal of nodes after 5 h. Female CBA/J mice were exposed to either vehicle or 1,6-diisocy-anatohexane (HDI), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), methyl salicylate (MS), potassium dichromate (PD), or dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB); injected IV with 20 μCi [3H]TdR or 2 μCi 125IUdR; and proliferation in the pooled au...
Effects of Phenol and meta-Cresol Depletion on Insulin Analog Stability at Physiological Temperature

The stability of three commercial “fast-acting” insulin analogs, insulin lispro, insulin aspart, and insulin glulisine, was studied at various concentrations of phenolic preservatives (phenol and/or meta-cresol) during 9 days of incubation at 37°C. The analysis by both size-exclusion and reversed-phase chromatography showed degradation of lispro and aspart that was inversely dependent on the concentration of phenolic preservatives. Insulin glulisine was much more stable than the other analogs and showed minimal degradation even in the absence of phenolic preservatives. With sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation, we determined the preservatives' effect on the insulins' self-assembly. When depleted of preservatives, insulin glulisine dissociates from higher molecular weight species into a number of intermediate molecular weight species, in between monomer and hexamer, whereas insulin aspart and insulin lispro dissociate into monomers and dimers. Decreased stability of insulin lispro and insulin aspart seems to be because of the extent of dissociation when depleted of preservative. Insulin glulisine's dissociation to intermediate molecular weight species appears to help minimize its degradation during incubation at 37°C. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:2255–2267, 2014
Antibody-fused interferons as an effective approach to enhance target specificity and antiviral efficacy of type I interferons.

Antibody-fused interferons as an effective approach to enhance target specificity and antiviral efficacy of type I interferons
Anatomy of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure revealed by seismic imaging, Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA

[1] A 30-km-long, radial seismic reflection and refraction survey completed across the northern part of the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure (CBIS) on the Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia, USA, confirms that the CBIS is a complex central-peak crater. We used a tomographic P wave velocity model and low-fold reflection images, constrained by data from two deep boreholes located on the profile, to interpret the structure and composition of the upper 5 km of crust. The seismic images exhibit well-defined structural features, including (with increasing radial distance) a collapsed central uplift, a breccia-filled moat, and a collapsed transient-crater margin (which collectively constitute a ∼40-km-wide collapsed transient crater), and a shallowly deformed annular trough. These seismic images are the first to resolve the deep structure of the crater (>1 km) and the boundaries between the central uplift, moat, and annular trough. Several distinct seismic signatures distinguish breccia units from each other and from more coherent crystalline rocks below the central uplift, moat, and annular trough. Within the moat, breccia extends to a minimum depth of 1.5 km or a maximum of 3.5 km, depending upon the interpretation of the deepest layered materials. The images show ∼350 to 500 m of postimpact sediments above the impactites. The imaged structure of the CBIS indicates a complex sequence of events during the cratering process that will provide new constraints for numerical modeling.
Direct chromatographic comparison of the relative adsorption activity of various types of capillary transfer tubing

Abstract The relative inertness of PTFE, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), nickel, stainless steel and deactivated fused silica for use as transfer tubing in gas chromatography was determined. These surfaces were compared by examining the apparent capacity factors for a wide variety of polar and non-polar substances. In all instances the capacity factors were based on the peak maximum time for the substance of interest relative to that of methane on the uncoated tubing. In general, as expected, deactivated fused silica was the least sorptive material, although for a few test solutes PTFE was superior. The results clearly show that neither PTFE nor PEEK tubing is inert for all solutes. A wide variety of peak shapes was observed; in some instances, a single species gave two peaks, indicating the complexity of the interactions taking place.
Overexpression of sonic Hedgehog in the lung mimics the effect of lung injury and compensatory lung growth on pulmonary Sca-1 and CD34 positive cells.

Cells localized in the bronchioalveolar duct junction of the murine lung have been identified as potential bronchioalveolar stem cells. Based on the surface marker expression, two main phenotypes have been proposed: Sca-1+, CD34+, CD45−, Pecam− and Sca-1low, CD34− CD45−, Pecam− cells. An increase in the number of Sca-1+, CD34+ CD45−, Pecam− cells and activation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway was observed following unilateral pneumonectomy and naphthalene-induced airway injury. Overexpression of Shh in the respiratory tract also resulted in an increase of this cell population. Syngeneic transplantation of β-galactosidase-expressing bone marrow cells demonstrated that the increase of Sca-1+, CD34+, CD45−, Pecam− cells in the lung was a result of local proliferation. Intratracheal administration of purified Shh-stimulated Sca-1+, CD45−, Pecam− cells coexpressing CD34 to syngeneic mice following pneumonectomy resulted in engraftment of these cells predominantly in the airways for up to 3 months, whereas Sca-1−, CD45−, Pecam− cells did not engraft. This study suggests that local Sca-1+, CD34+, CD45−, Pecam− cells are stimulated during compensatory lung growth, following airway injury and overexpression of Shh and have some potential to engraft in the airways, without showing clonal properties in vivo.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Analysis Of Violacein

Coupled with thin layer chromatography, FTIR Proved to be an accurate, fast, and inexpensive way to monitor and estimate the relative purity of samples of violacein while also providing a procedure for identifying solvent systems which result in optimum separation of the pigment from non-pigment components with maximum speed and reproducibility.
Summary of data reported to CDC's national automated biosurveillance system, 2008

Background: BioSense is the US national automated biosurveillance system. Data regarding chief complaints and diagnoses are automatically pre-processed into 11 broader syndromes (e.g., respiratory) and 78 narrower subsyndromes (e.g., asthma). The objectives of this report are to present the types of illness and injury that can be studied using these data and the frequency of visits for the syndromes and sub-syndromes in the various data types; this information will facilitate use of the system and comparison with other systems. Methods: For each major data source, we summarized information on the facilities, timeliness, patient demographics, and rates of visits for each syndrome and sub-syndrome.
Modeling of spectroscopic properties of Nd-doped glass

A tunable laser operating near 944nm is important for micro LIDAR systems. In this work, we have carried out a systematic study of Nd doped fiber glass materials which can be used for this purpose. The emission cross-sections of these materials at 944nm have been calculated. The wavelength dependence of emission of these materials has been studied. Among the silica-based material Nd doped silica fiber glass has the largest cross section for 944nm laser emission. The co-dopants reduce this cross section. Some Nd doped non-silica materials have higher stimulated emission cross-section than silica-based materials.
Fire conditions for smoke toxicity measurement

This paper identifies those fire conditions most often present when smoke toxicity is the cause of death. It begins with a review of the evidence that smoke-inhalation deaths are in the majority in fire fatalities in the United States. Next, there is an analysis of the evidence from the national fire experience showing the connection between post-flashover fires and smoke-inhalation deaths. Third is a presentation of real-scale fire test results demonstrating that post-flashover conditions are necessary to produce enough smoke to cause smoke-inhalation deaths in the cases where they actually occur. The fourth component is a sampling of results from computer simulations of fires, affirming and broadening the results from the fire tests. It is concluded that smoke-inhalation deaths occur predominantly after fires have progressed beyond flashover. This conclusion then provides a focus for smoke toxicity measurement in particular and fire hazard mitigation in general.
Alterations to the Bull Sperm Surface Proteins That Bind Sperm to Oviductal Epithelium

Three Binder of SPerm proteins (BSP1, BSP3, BSP5) are secreted by bovine seminal vesicles into seminal plasma and adsorbed onto sperm. When sperm inseminated into the female reach the oviduct, the BSP proteins bind them to its epithelial lining, forming a sperm storage reservoir. Previously, we reported that binding of capacitated sperm to oviductal epithelium in vitro is lower than that of uncapacitated sperm and we proposed that reduced binding was due to loss of BSP proteins during capacitation. Because of differences in amino acid sequences, we predicted that each BSP would respond differently to capacitating conditions. To test whether all three BSP proteins were lost from sperm during capacitation and whether the kinetics of loss differed among the three BSP proteins, ejaculated bull sperm were incubated under various capacitating conditions, and then the amounts of BSP proteins remaining on the sperm were assayed by Western blotting. Capacitation was assayed by analysis of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. While loss of BSP1 was not detected, most of the BSP5 was lost from sperm during incubation in TALP medium, even without addition of the capacitation enhancers heparin and dbcAMP-IBMX. Surprisingly, a smaller molecular mass was detected by anti-BSP3 antibodies in extracts of incubated sperm. Its identity was confirmed as BSP3 by mass spectrometry, indicating that BSP3 undergoes modification on the sperm surface. These changes in the composition of BSP proteins on sperm could play a role in releasing sperm from the storage reservoir by modifying sperm interactions with the oviductal epithelium.
Successful Supervisory Training Initiatives in Formative Assessment

Abstract Effective training of external practicum site supervisors is a challenge to university training programs. The number of sites and supervisors, distance, time and cost factors all contribut...
The effects of added corn meal and dried whey and of moisture level on the preservation of alfalfa silage.

Summary Ground shelled corn at the rate of 200 lb. per ton of green alfalfa at the time of ensiling was more effective in reducing top spoilage in miniature silos than dried whey added at the rate of 30 lb. per ton of green alfalfa. Dried whey, when used at the above rate, had no significant effect on the amount of top spoilage. Larger amounts of dried whey were not tested. Ground shelled corn reduced spoilage relatively more when applied to the wilted silage (45 to 54 per cent moisture) than when applied to the unwilted silage (60 to 65 per cent moisture). There was less top spoilage in the unwilted silages than in the wilted silages. Neither moisture level nor application of preservative appreciably affected nutrient preservation in the unspoiled portion of the silage. The wilted silages contained more carotene than the unwilted silages. The whey-treated silages, however, accounted for most of this difference. Little variance was found in the pH of the silages and no correlation was found between pH and spoilage. Total acidity, acetic acid, butyric acid, residual acidity and volatile base values are presented. Although the rate of spoilage may not be the same in miniature silos as in larger silos, the relative differences between treatments probably would be similar.
Identification of a dynein molecular motor component in Torpedo electroplax; binding and phosphorylation of Tctex‐1 by Fyn

The microtubule protein Tctex-1 was cloned from Torpedo electroplax, a biochemical model of the neuromuscular junction, using the unique domain of Fyn in the yeast two hybrid system. Binding of Tctex-1 and Fyn also occurred in vitro. Torpedo Tctex-1 was contained within the molecular motor protein dynein. A Src class kinase was also complexed with dynein. Tctex-1 was enriched in electric organ vs. skeletal muscle, was present in the postsynaptic membrane, and coprecipitated with the acetylcholine receptor. The sequence of Tctex-1 contained a tyrosine phosphorylation motif and Tctex-1 could be phosphorylated by Fyn in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrated that Tctex-1-containing dynein is a cytoskeletal element at the acetylcholine receptor-enriched postsynaptic membrane and suggested that Tctex-1 may be a substrate for Fyn.
The effects of Tmc1 Beethoven mutation on mechanotransducer channel function in cochlear hair cells

Sound stimuli are converted into electrical signals via gating of mechano-electrical transducer (MT) channels in the hair cell stereociliary bundle. The molecular composition of the MT channel is still not fully established, although transmembrane channel–like protein isoform 1 (TMC1) may be one component. We found that in outer hair cells of Beethoven mice containing a M412K point mutation in TMC1, MT channels had a similar unitary conductance to that of wild-type channels but a reduced selectivity for Ca2+. The Ca2+-dependent adaptation that adjusts the operating range of the channel was also impaired in Beethoven mutants, with reduced shifts in the relationship between MT current and hair bundle displacement for adapting steps or after lowering extracellular Ca2+; these effects may be attributed to the channel’s reduced Ca2+ permeability. Moreover, the density of stereociliary CaATPase pumps for Ca2+ extrusion was decreased in the mutant. The results suggest that a major component of channel adaptation is regulated by changes in intracellular Ca2+. Consistent with this idea, the adaptive shift in the current–displacement relationship when hair bundles were bathed in endolymph-like Ca2+ saline was usually abolished by raising the intracellular Ca2+ concentration.
Localisation and tissue effect's of tritiated dehydroretronecine in young rats

Sixteen male Spraque-Dawley rats were injected with 3H-dehydroretronecine. The rats were subsequently evaluated for gross and microscopic changes. Scintillation counts and autoradiographic studies of the various organs demonstrated that the pyrrole accumulates in organs which were shown here and by others (Peterson et al; Allen and Hsu) to be affected most severely by dehydroretronecine and dehydroheliotridine. In the present experiment 3H-dehydroretronecine was shown to decrease the growth rate of the rats, decrease the percentage of circulating neutrophils and alter the hepatic mitotic index. Histologically, accumulations of label were seen in the glandular region of the stomach, in the liver, in Huxley's and Henle's layers of the hair follicles and in the epithelial cells lining the convoluted tubules of the kidney. Scintillation counts on the various tissues and autoradiographic evaluations of tissue sections indicate that there is a preferential localisation of radioactivity in the gastric mucosa which is postulated to be related to the pH in this area.
A rapid and reliable procedure for extraction of cellular polyamines and inorganic ions from plant tissues

A fast and reliable method for the extrac- tion of cellular polyamines and major inorganic ions (Ca, Mg, Mn, K, and P) from several plant tissues is described. The method involves repeated freezing and thawing of samples instead of homogenization. The efficiency of extraction of both the polyamines and inorganic ions by these two methods was com- pared for 10 different tissues. In each case, the freeze-thaw procedure resulted in a precise and quantitatively equal, or greater, yield than homog- enization. Freeze-thawing not only eliminates the need for various tissue homogenizers (such as poly- trons, tissumizers, and mortars and pestles), but it is so simple that a large number of samples can be processed simultaneously. We routinely processed 50-80 samples for quantitation of polyamines and inorganic ions. Freeze-thawing was equally useful for the extraction of polyamines from liver, spleen, and kidney tissues of mice.
Radiation shielding analysis for DIII-D

A radiation shield has been added to the DIII-D tokamak facility to allow an increased neutron production rate without an increased radiation exposure to the public and to personnel. The goal is to reduce the biological dose level at the site boundary by a factor of 300. Shielding analyses were performed extensively using a 3D Monte Carlo neutron-photon coupled code (MCNP) for varied geometry and material combinations. The calculated total dose at the site boundary (83 m from the tokamak) is approximately 10/sup -17/ mrem per D-D neutron with the new shield in place, and 3*10/sup -15/ mrem without the new shield. >
Thermal Conductivity: XI, Conductivity bf Some Refractory Carbides and Nitrides

The thermal conductivity of Tic, Sic, TiN, and ZrN has been measured in the temperature range 100° to 1000°C. The thermal conductivity of these materials decreases with increasing temperature. Determination of the Wiedemann- Franz ratio indicates that electronic conduction is considerable for TIC, TiN, and ZrN but is small for Sic.
The Logic of Testing Structural Change in Meat Demand: A Methodological Analysis and Appraisal

In the past two decades, the profession has expended valuable resources testing structural change in meat demand with mixed results. Overlooked to date is a fundamental methodological problem that transcends all methods of testing for structural change. In this study, a methodological framework is used to show that there is no valid test of structural change. Because of this result, additional criteria from the methodology literature are used to evaluate the literature on structural change in meat demand and to provide suggestions for fertile areas of future research.
Passive head-up tilt and actively standing up produce similar overall changes in autonomic balance

The primary objective of this study was to compare, in normal subjects, the average change in autonomic balance during a 5-minute period by using two methods of changing posture: actively standing up and passive head-up tilt. We hypothesized that the average effect of these two methods of changing posture on autonomic balance would not significantly differ. After collecting supine baseline measurements, subjects were first tilted head up to 60 degrees for 15 minutes, then returned to the supine position for 5 minutes, before they stood up for 5 minutes. Comparing the average (over a 5-minute period) autonomic response to head-up tilt with that of standing, there were no significant differences in the decrease in average R-R intervals (-18% vs -18%, p = not significant), the drop in high-frequency power (-73% vs -69%, p = not significant), or the increase in the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (+252% vs +298%, p = not significant). The changes in autonomic balance that occur during the first 5 minutes of passive 60-degree head-up tilt are nearly identical to the change in autonomic balance that occurs during the first 5 minutes of quiet standing.
Immune Distribution and Localization of Phosphoantigen-Specific Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells in Lymphoid and Nonlymphoid Tissues in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Little is known about the immune distribution and localization of antigen-specific T cells in mucosal interfaces of tissues/organs during infection of humans. In this study, we made use of a macaque model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to assess phosphoantigen-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells regarding their tissue distribution, anatomical localization, and correlation with the presence or absence of tuberculosis (TB) lesions in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs/tissues in the progression of severe pulmonary TB. Progression of pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection generated diverse distribution patterns of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, with remarkable accumulation of these cells in lungs, bronchial lymph nodes, spleens, and remote nonlymphoid organs but not in blood. Increased numbers of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in tissues were associated with M. tuberculosis infection but were independent of the severity of TB lesions. In lungs with apparent TB lesions, Vγ2Vδ2 T cells were present within TB granulomas. In extrathoracic organs, Vγ2Vδ2 T cells were localized in the interstitial compartment of nonlymphoid tissues, and the interstitial localization was present despite the absence of detectable TB lesions. Finally, Vγ2Vδ2 T cells accumulated in tissues appeared to possess cytokine production function, since granzyme B was detectable in the γδ T cells present within granulomas. Thus, clonally expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells appeared to undergo trans-endothelial migration, interstitial localization, and granuloma infiltration as immune responses to M. tuberculosis infection.