cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature-gradient post-growth annealing of CdMnTe wafers for nuclear radiation detection applications

Cadmium Manganese Telluride (CdMnTe) is one of the semiconductor materials recently being developed as X-ray and gamma-ray detectors capable of operating at room temperature. This paper presents the results of temperature-gradient post-growth annealing of CdMnTe crystals grown by Bridgman technique. Migration of Te inclusions from the low-temperature side to the high-temperature side of CdMnTe wafers was recorded for an annealing temperature of 715 °C at a temperature gradient of 24 °C/cm and annealing time of 30 minutes. Size reduction and elimination of Te inclusions were also recorded for a CdMnTe wafer annealed at 730 °C with a temperature gradient of 18 °C/cm for 18 hours. A two-dimensional analysis of an 810 × 1350 µm2 sample area showed a 76% reduction in the Te-inclusion concentration.
Performance of two immunochemical assays in the analysis of peanuts for aflatoxin at 37 field laboratories.

A study was conducted to measure the precision of 2 rapid aflatoxin assay systems in use at 37 peanut buying points during the 1991 harvest season. Aflatoxin laboratories were established at the 37 buying points to analyze peanut samples from all incoming farmers' stock loads as part of a joint project sponsored by various segments of the U.S. peanut industry and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Eighteen laboratories were equipped with Neogen's veratox FSP rapid assay system, whereas 19 laboratories used Vicam's Aflatest rapid assay system. To monitor the performance of the field laboratories during the project, 3 portions of each of six 27 kg samples of ground peanuts were sent to each laboratory for analysis over a period of 6 weeks. Aflatoxin concentrations ranged from 0 to 300 ng/g when eight 200 g subsamples of each sample were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC). For the 5 samples contaminated with aflatoxin, relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) for laboratories using veratox FSP ranged from 18.66 to 53.29%, and the relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 22.79 to 59.29%. For laboratories using the Aflatest system, RSDr values ranged from 18.70 to 41.48%, and RSDR values ranged from 23.84 to 47.56%. Horwitz ratios < 2.0 were found for 4 of the 5 contaminated samples for both methods, indicating that the overall precision of the 2 methods used in the project was good. Mean aflatoxin concentrations, as determined with the rapid assay systems, were generally lower than those determined by LC, particularly for more highly contaminated samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Explaining Asian American achievement

ABSTRACTJennifer Lee and Min Zhou’s The Asian American Achievement Paradox is a remarkable analysis of the educational upward mobility of Chinese and Vietnamese Americans in Los Angeles. It also provides important insights about the status of contemporary Asian Americans more generally. While critical of the ‘model minority’ thesis, the authors take seriously the role of culture in fostering educational attainment. However, their emphasis on immigrant selectivity and individual psychology may be misplaced when it comes to understanding the achievement of second-generation groups.
Prevention and management of glucocorticoid-induced side effects: A comprehensive review: A review of glucocorticoid pharmacology and bone health

Systemic glucocorticoids are an essential therapy for a range of conditions, but their multiple side effects can produce significant morbidity for patients. The objective of this review is to discuss these side effects while addressing 3 questions: 1) What dose and duration of glucocorticoid therapy should prompt concern for individual side effects?; 2) How should clinicians counsel patients about these complications?; and 3) How can these problems be prevented or managed? To accomplish these objectives, we have created a series of tables and algorithms based on a review of relevant data to guide counseling, prophylaxis, and management of 11 glucocorticoid side effects. The first article in this 4-part continuing medical education series begins with a review of glucocorticoid pharmacology followed by a discussion of bone health (ie, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis).
Modeling ecodevelopmental context of sexually transmitted disease/HIV risk and protective behaviors among African-American adolescents

Risk and protective processes are integrated developmental processes that directly or indirectly affect behavioral outcomes. A better understanding of these processes is needed, in order to gauge their contribution to sexual risk behaviors. This retrospective cross-sectional study modeled the ecodevelopmental chain of relationships to examine the social contexts of African-American (AA) adolescents associated with sexually transmitted disease (STD)- and HIV-risk behaviors. We used data from 1,619 AA adolescents with an average age of 16±1.8 years obtained from the first wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health for this study. Confirmatory factor analysis followed by structural equation modeling was conducted to identify the latent constructs that reflect the social-interactional components of the ecodevelopmental theory. Among contextual factors, findings indicated that a feeling of love from father, school, religion, and parent attitudes toward adolescent sexual behavior were all factors that played significant roles in the sexual behavior of AA adolescents. AA adolescents who reported feeling love from their father, feeling a strong negative attitude from their parents toward having sex at a very young age, and having a strong bond with school personnel were associated with better health statuses. The level of parents' involvement in their children's lives was reflected in the adolescents' feeling of love from parents and moderated by their socioeconomic status. Being male, attaining increased age, and being a sexual minority were associated with higher likelihood of exhibiting risky sexual behavior. In contrast, higher socioeconomic status and fathers' level of involvement were indirectly associated with reduced STD/HIV-related sexual risk behavior. In conclusion, our findings suggest that interventions aimed at maximal protection against STD/HIV-related risk behavior among AA adolescents should adopt both self- and context-based strategies that promote positive functioning in the family, school, and peer microsystems.
On Stability and Stabilizability of Nonlinear Inter-Connected Discrete Time Systems

Abstract In this work we discuss applications of nonlinear small-gain theorems in the framework of input-to-state stability for discrete time systems. Our primary objective is to show that, as in the continuous-time context, the discrete-time nonlinear small-gain theorems are very effective in the stability analysis and synthesis for interconnected systems. A converse Lyapunov theorem for discrete exponential stability is developed to assist these applications.
Pregnancy after Breast Cancer: The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer present unique considerations for women who are considering childbearing.

Background:The issue of pregnancy following the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is important because the incidence of breast cancer is increasing in women of childbearing age. The fact tha...
Iraq: State, Society and the Evolution of the Petroleum Sector

Public debate about the petroleum sector in Iraq is—perhaps surprisingly—vibrant and dynamic, with numerous actors expressing diverse views. However, due to the divisions and violence in Iraqi society, these views are at times so divergent that it is difficult to reconcile them. This chapter describes how a nascent public sphere has emerged in post-Ba’athist Iraq, allowing for greater debate on the country’s management of its petroleum resources. Since 2003, Iraq’s petroleum sector has reconstituted itself, with the arrival of new international oil companies, leading to robust public debates that invoke discourses on resource nationalism and the resource curse. The primary public concern is the development of a legislative framework to govern foreign investment in the petroleum sector and the distribution of hydrocarbon rents within the country. Political parties are the most vocal and influential participants in this debate, partly as a result of their control over most of the Iraqi media. As a result of these interconnected relationships, and given that parties run for election every four years, public debate influences petroleum policy more than it does in most other states in the region, such as Saudi Arabia or the UAE. However, trade unions, NGOs, academic institutions and powerful individuals do not have much influence on petroleum matters in their own right—only through the political parties or by appearing on state-controlled media or media affiliated with specific political groups.
Ceramic studies using portable XRF: From experimental tempered ceramics to imports and imitations at Tell Mozan, Syria

Abstract Studies of Northern Mesopotamian complex societies have long been predicated on ceramic wares, whereby ceramic variation is thought to reflect cultural variation. There is, however, an increasing appreciation for the role of imitation, itinerancy, and other phenomena in the distribution of ceramic styles. Much of this newfound nuance is due to chemical studies. Increasingly ceramics have been studied using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF). The utility of pXRF in ceramic research relies on being able to interpret the data in behaviorally meaningful ways. Thus, one approach to considering the efficacy of pXRF for ceramic studies proceeds from understanding the ways in which clays and tempers act as variables and influence the data in ways that reflect past behaviors. First, this study uses experimental replicas to exert systematic control over individual parameters (e.g., temper size, volume), allowing a better understanding of their influence. Second, this study considers Bronze Age wares at Tell Mozan in northeastern Syria. The experimental ceramics and Tell Mozan sherds are technological products that retain chemical evidence of choices made during their production. In the experimental ceramic set, a predicted phenomenon (e.g., the “dilution” effect from temper) occurred as expected, and elemental data differentiated clays and tempers selected for their manufacture. In the archaeological assemblage, elemental approaches established that distinctions between imports and locally made imitations are not always apparent by conventional means, and the use of pXRF is one way to overcome current shortcomings as well as contribute new insights.
Domestic photography & the role of sound

In this chapter, we review the existing practice of domestic photography, in contrast to other forms of art and commercial photography. The aim of the review is quite fundamental. It is to understand how and why people take photos in a domestic context, what uses and functions they are put to, and what requirements and opportunities exist for change. The review culminates in a new framework for understanding domestic photography and a set of questions about the role of sound. These questions are then addressed in a series of studies reported in the rest of the book, and interpreted with reference to the framework. In this way, we begin to define how the combination of sounds and images developed in other media might work within the medium of photography.
Ceramics Sintered Directly from Sol-Gels

Sol-gel technology has been extensively utilized for processing nuclear fuel pellets and powders. Currently, the direct firing of gels is being explored to produce ceramics without the use of any intervening powder steps as an extension of Youldas’ work on glasses and polycrystalline oxides.1 This is motivated by (1) the high purity and homogeneity available in sols; (2) the potential ability in a viscous liquid to minimize the sources of defects introduced in the processing of powders; (3) the ability to visually examine many gel products for defects after drying; and (4) the shaping potential offered by a “plastic” gel. Furthermore, much lower temperatures can be used to fire gels to a fully dense ceramic (e.g., Tho2, Ref. 2) than are required for conventional powder processed bodies.
Multiple Perspectives of Design Objects

The process of large scale design decomposes into a number of specialized tasks, each requiring its own representation of the design. It is important to maintain consistency among the different representations of a design. In this paper, we describe an approach to the creation of specialized representations that addresses the problems of incorporating behavior and relationships while maintaining consistency among different representations. We call a specialized representation a perspective, which is defined as a partition of the global schema that supports some functionally-oriented task. Each perspective corresponds to some stage in the design process. In this project, we are concentrating on how multiple representations of a design may be formed, how they relate to one another in terms of structure and behavior, and how they relate to the entire design process. We are building a prototype of a system which supports the creation and maintenance of perspectives. This system will consist of a perspective definition facility that allows a new perspective, including derived classes to be specified and a perspective maintenance facility which keeps the different representations consistent with each other.
Erythropoietin and iron-a conflicted alliance?

Suzuki et al. analyzed a mouse model of erythropoietin-deficient anemia to show that during iron overload renal interstitial fibroblasts accumulate iron, and this impairs the hypoxia-driven transcription of the erythropoietin gene. The authors show that excess iron decreases levels of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 2α (HIF2α), the main driver of erythropoietin production in hypoxia and anemia. The work advances our understanding of the effect of iron on hypoxia signaling, but its implications for anemia treatment are less clear.
Optimizing Proton Conductivity in Zirconates through Defect Engineering

Alkaline-earth zirconates (CaZrO3, SrZrO3, and BaZrO3) are under active investigation as solid-state electrolytes in hydrogen fuel cells. Their performance as proton conductors depends critically o...
Abstract 541: The Molecular Interaction of Apolipoprotein A-I Containing High Density Lipoproteins with Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyl Transferase

The structure of apolipoprotein (apo)A-I on a high density lipoprotein (HDL) particle can elucidate the protein interactions and cardioprotective functions of HDL. This includes critical interactio...
Effects of Silicide Inclusion Shape on Thermal Transport of Silicon-Based Nanowires and Nanocomposites for Thermoelectric Applications

Efficient silicon-based thermoelectric materials compatible with the existent electronic technology would provide excellent on-chip cooling opportunities. However, the high thermal conductivity of silicon has historically limited its thermoelectric performance. Here, we demonstrate the high potential of silicon-based nanocomposites by fabricating silicon nanowires with nickel silicide nanoinclusions with a scalable and economic sintering process. Preliminary measurements of the thermal conductivity of single nanowires from 40 to 325 K show a reduction of the thermal conductivity of a factor of 4 compared to silicon nanowires of the same length. We demonstrate that this reduction is probably a due to an increased phonon scattering with the inclusions, which grow epitaxially and form rhombohedral shapes. In order to better predict the thermal conductivity with non-spherical shapes, we combine ray tracing simulations and classical transport theories to demonstrate that the thermal conductivity reduction can be maximized by using elongated inclusion shapes (i.e. triangles or T-shapes) with small neck sizes. The findings of this work expand the understanding of transport phenomena in complex nanoengineered materials and open promising optimization paths for silicon-based thermoelectric materials.
Effects of smoking cessation treatment attendance on abstinence: The moderating role of psychologically based behavioral health conditions.

Abstract Available smoking cessation treatments have shown only modest quit success. Presence of a psychologically based behavioral health condition (PBHC), such as depression, anxiety, or addiction, can impact smoking cessation treatment engagement and quit success; however, the differential effect of treatment engagement on smoking cessation outcomes across smokers with and without a PBHC is unknown. The current study examined the moderating effect presence (versus absence) of a PBHC on the relation between treatment attendance and early smoking abstinence following a 4-session smoking cessation treatment. Participants included 529 (45.9% male; Mage = 38.23 years, SD = 13.56; 75.4% White) smokers enrolled in a large randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a transdiagnostic smoking cessation treatment. A repeated-measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) was conducted to examine treatment attendance. The effects of treatment attendance, PBHC (present/absent), and their interaction were modeled on biochemically-verified point prevalence abstinence using a latent growth curve from 1-week to 1-month post-quit. The RMLCA provided evidence for three classes: Drop-outs (n = 197), Titrators (n = 89), and Completers (n = 243). A significant interaction emerged such that Completers without a PBHC were significantly more likely to be abstinent relative to Completers with a PBHC (b = 2.69, SE = 0.67, p
Radiostereometric Analysis of Stability and Inducible Micromotion After Locked Lateral Plating of Distal Femur Fractures.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate interfragmentary motion over 1 year after distal femoral fracture fixation using radiostereometric analysis (RSA). The secondary aim was to assess whether RSA data are consistent with diagnoses of nonunion. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Level I urban trauma center. PATIENTS Sixteen patients between 22 and 89 years of age with distal femoral fracture (OTA/AO type 33). INTERVENTION All fractures were treated with a lateral locking plate, and tantalum markers were inserted into the main proximal and distal fracture fragments. RSA was performed at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 52 weeks postoperatively. Both unloaded and loaded RSA measurements were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Unloaded fracture migration over time and inducible micromotion at the fracture site in the coronal plane were determined at each follow-up interval. RESULTS RSA precision in the coronal plane of interfragmentary motion over time and inducible micromotion were 1.2 and 0.9 mm in the coronal plane, respectively. Two cases required revision surgery for nonunion 1 year postoperatively. For cases of union, unloaded fracture migration stopped being detectable between 12 and 18 weeks, and inducible micromotion was no longer detectable by the 12-week visit. For cases of nonunion, both unloaded migration and inducible micromotion were detected throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS RSA may be used to reliably assess distal femoral fracture healing. RSA revealed differences in cases of union and nonunion by 3 months and more consistently than traditional x-rays. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Climate change and the genetics of insecticide resistance

Changes in global temperature and humidity as a result of climate change are producing rapid evolutionary changes in many animal species, including agricultural pests and disease vectors, leading to changes in allele frequencies of genes involved in thermotolerance and desiccation resistance. As some of these genes have pleiotropic effects on insecticide resistance, climate change is likely to affect insecticide resistance in the field. In this review, we discuss how the interactions between adaptation to climate change and resistance to insecticides can affect insecticide resistance in the field using examples in phytophagous and hematophagous pest insects, focusing on the effects of increased temperature and increased aridity. We then use detailed genetic and mechanistic studies in the model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, to explain the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We suggest that tradeoffs or facilitation between adaptation to climate change and resistance to insecticides can alter insecticide resistance allele frequencies in the field. The dynamics of these interactions will need to be considered when managing agricultural pests and disease vectors in a changing climate. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
LoRa vs. WiFi Ad Hoc: A Performance Analysis and Comparison

With increasing demand for wireless networks, the number of technologies that allow us to connect remote devices has increased as well. One of the more common technologies that allows us to connect two remote devices with each other is WiFi, which provides high power, short-range connection between devices. In order to transfer data using WiFi over a longer distance, it is common to use Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), which provides an infrastructureless network that can be used for long range communication in the cases where infrastructure-based networks are unavailable. Another, more recent and less common way to connect remote devices without relying on pre-existing infrastructure is by using LoRa, which provides low power, long-range wireless connection. In this paper, we analyze the performance of WiFi Ad Hoc and LoRa networks using Network Simulator 3 (ns-3) in terms of delay and energy consumption required to send a file of a given size as we vary the distance from the source to the destination. In addition, we develop mathematical models for the delay and energy consumption, and compare these models with the results obtained through simulation. Our results show which network protocol, WiFi Ad Hoc or LoRa, provides the lowest delay or the least energy consumption for a given file size and distance, which can be used to adaptively select the communication protocol to optimize the network performance.
Global burden of sleep‐disordered breathing and its implications

One-seventh of the world's adult population, or approximately one billion people, are estimated to have OSA. Over the past four decades, obesity, the main risk factor for OSA, has risen in striking proportion worldwide. In the past 5 years, the WHO estimates global obesity to affect almost two billion adults. A second major risk factor for OSA is advanced age. As the prevalence of the ageing population and obesity increases, the vulnerability towards having OSA increases. In addition to these traditional OSA risk factors, studies of the global population reveal select contributing features and phenotypes, including extreme phenotypes and symptom clusters that deserve further examination. Untreated OSA is associated with significant comorbidities and mortality. These represent a tremendous threat to the individual and global health. Beyond the personal toll, the economic costs of OSA are far-reaching, affecting the individual, family and society directly and indirectly, in terms of productivity and public safety. A better understanding of the pathophysiology, individual and ethnic similarities and differences is needed to better facilitate management of this chronic disease. In some countries, measures of the OSA disease burden are sparse. As the global burden of OSA and its associated comorbidities are projected to further increase, the infrastructure to diagnose and manage OSA will need to adapt. The use of novel approaches (electronic health records and artificial intelligence) to stratify risk, diagnose and affect treatment are necessary. Together, a unified multi-disciplinary, multi-organizational, global approach will be needed to manage this disease.
Affect, language, race, voice: opera singers in nineteenth-century United States

Affect has often been an overlooked factor in many music histories because it appears unavailable or superficially undecodable in linguistically based documents that form the primary source of data...
Politicizing the Playing Field: Legacies of the Campeonatos Evita in Post-Peronist Argentina

The Argentine Peronist Party used state-organized children’s soccer tournaments (1948–1955) as a form of political clientelism to politicize the leisure time of working-class children. Soccer compe...
The perception of difficulty in project-work planning and its impact on resource sharing

Abstract Managers both competent and willing to share resources can be critical to the performance of the multi-project settings increasingly common to modern organizations. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from the psychological ownership literature, we examine the impact of project manager (PM) task self-efficacy and perceptions of project work-planning difficulty on resource sharing behaviors. In this study we use a laboratory experiment involving practicing PMs to elicit work assignments for their subordinate team-members across a series of predefined projects. We control for the difficulty of these assignment tasks and follow-up by inquiring into the willingness of the PMs to share human resources that they’ve assigned to work in these projects. The results from the experiment involving 161 professional PMs suggest that difficulty in project work-planning in general has a significant impact on sharing behaviors. Consistent with the implications of psychological ownership theory, this relationship is significantly moderated by project managers’ task self-efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
The MOOSE Multiphysics Computational Framework for Nuclear Power Applications: A Special Issue of Nuclear Technology

This special issue of Nuclear Technology centers on the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework1 and the MOOSE-based multiphysics simulation tools created for nuclear ...
Mobile, Inflatable Interface to Support Human Robot Interaction Studies

Robots capable of engaging with individuals in large crowds can be of use in diverse scenarios such as festivals, conventions, and during building evacuation. Such situations pose a unique combination of hardware constraints involving safety for human contact, durability to withstand physical inter-action with novice users, agility to keep up with moving crowds in non-trivial terrains, versatility to adapt to the situation and audience, and low cost to permit mass deployment. Here, we present a new mobile robot platform composed of a small rover base and a soft human-scale inflatable interface, capable of visual, tactile, and audible human interaction. The inflatable interface allows the robot to maneuver discretely or in confined spaces when deflated, yet grow to encourage interaction; it combines an internal projector, a camera, speakers, and a microphone to emit and receive user information. The rover base is designed to keep up with humans at jogging speeds over relatively uneven terrain. Low weight further permits easy handling and transport. The entire robot costs less than 1.2K USD, and can serve as a general purpose, open source test platform for future human-robot interaction research.
Translation as Talking to Oneself: Miłosz Makes Whitman Speak

In this paper, the author examines Czeslaw Milosz’s poetic dialogue with Walt Whitman on the ambivalent status of the natural world and material existence. By translating Whitman’s poems and interspersing them among his own verses in the collection Unattainable Earth (Nieobjeta ziemia, 1984), Milosz practices a peculiar form of poetic commentary or criticism, drawing attention to certain tensions within the work of his American predecessor. This tendentious form of dialogue between poets simultaneously intertwines with a conflict within Milosz’s own poetics – as the Polish poet effectively argues with himself by proxy. The author plays close attention to Milosz’s translation of Whitman’s “As I Ebb’d With the Ocean of Life,” pointing to several crucial distortions of its original meaning and context. This analysis opens the broader question of whether Milosz’s poetry is truly hospitable to other voices or whether the dominant voice of the Miloszean poetic subject inevitably subjugates or perverts them.
La construcción de redes identitarias y de solidaridad en pueblos indígenas norteamericanos

tambien representa una vision politica de como generar procesos organizativos a traves de di­ferencias y distancias geograficas. Ramirez utiliza el concepto de transnacionalismo desarrollado en los estudios de migracion interna­cional para describir la forma en que los indigenas urbanos mantienen conexiones fuertes con sus respecti­vas tribus/naciones. argumenta que,
An international survey of gastroschisis and omphalocele (490 cases)

An international survey of gastroschisis and omphalocele by questionnaire yeilded 490 cases from 16 pediatric surgery centers on four continents. Factors influencing the management outcome of 203 cases of gastroschisis and 287 cases of omphalocele in the period 1954–1977 are reviewed. In 81% of the gastroschisis cases, the defect was 3 cm or larger in diameter; in only 6% was it as dangerously small as 1 cm. In 58% of cases, only intestines were eviscerated; stomach was included in the eviscerated mass in another 36% and genitourinary organs seldom (6%) were included. In this comparatively early experience with gastroschisis, the operative mortality was 39% but varied widely by and within areas (from 10%–75%). The lowest mortality was associated with primary and skin flap closures. The use of a variety of protheses to cover the eviscerated mass was associated with a high incidence of sepsis and intestinal fistulation. There were 246 cases of non-syndrome omphalocele and 41 cases of syndrome omphalocele. In the non-syndrome omphaloceles, the defect was 2.5 cm or larger in 80% and over 5 cm in 46%. Liver was present in 91% of the large omphalocele sacs, 43% of the intermediate-size sacs and none of the small sacs. Management mortality in non-syndrome omphalocele was 37%. It was lowest in Australia, where only sac painting and primary closure were employed. In syndrome omphalocele mortality was highest (68%) in lower midline syndrome, intermediate (33%) in upper midline syndrome and lowest (0%) in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. The presence of multiple and serious additional malformations was the major factor in omphalocele management mortality. The incidence of additional malformations in small (under 2.5 cm) and large (over 5 cm) omphaloceles was identical (45% vs 46%).
Proceedings of the 2004 SIGMIS conference on Computer personnel research: Careers, culture, and ethics in a networked environment

These proceedings provide a compilation of the presentations at the 2004 annual conference of the Association of Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on Management Information Systems (SIGMIS) in Tucson, Arizona. In addition to the topics of traditional and ongoing interest to this SIG, this conference sought research related to the conference theme of ethics in the IT workforce.As the business world deals with the myriad of unethical behaviors, it is incumbent upon IS professionals to consider their own practices. Although most of the unethical behavior involved bogus accounting practices, the ripple effect and loss of credibility, in an already sluggish economy, affects IS professionals in firms around the globe. Add to that the potential computer abuses possible as increased threats of terrorist activities, and IS professionals become increasingly involved in applications of new technology that have a potential ethical and strategic element. With a continual shift of computing and software development from inside the firm to outside vendors (e.g., application service providers, web hosting services, package developers, etc.), the roles of users and IS professionals within a firm have also seen dramatic changes. Such changes will affect the way an IS professional's career is managed within a firm and how such a professional is prepared to enter, and remain viable in, the job market. How will IS professionals develop an awareness of ethics in business, and how will they learn to behave ethically when exposed to unethical behavior.The conference in 2004 brings together MIS researchers looking at the development of IS professionals in organizations, including private sector, non-profit and government sectors, and universities. Research included here investigates career preparation in an ever-changing IS job market, retention strategies, diversity in the IT workforce, the ethical and cultural values of IS professionals, and issues around career development.Now that SIGCPR is part of the SIGMIS, the conference theme brought together researchers on computer personnel research with MIS researchers interested in the theme of careers, culture and ethics, as well as a panel discussion on outsourcing.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of CD13 Regulates Inflammatory Cell-Cell Adhesion and Monocyte Trafficking

CD13 is a large cell surface peptidase expressed on the monocytes and activated endothelial cells that is important for homing to and resolving the damaged tissue at sites of injury. We showed previously that cross-linking of human monocytic CD13 with activating Abs induces strong adhesion to endothelial cells in a tyrosine kinase- and microtubule-dependent manner. In the current study, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations in vitro and in vivo. We found that cross-linking of CD13 on U937 monocytic cells induced phosphorylation of a number of proteins, including Src, FAK, and ERK, and inhibition of these abrogated CD13-dependent adhesion. We found that CD13 itself was phosphorylated in a Src-dependent manner, which was an unexpected finding because its 7-aa cytoplasmic tail was assumed to be inert. Furthermore, CD13 was constitutively associated with the scaffolding protein IQGAP1, and CD13 cross-linking induced complex formation with the actin-binding protein α-actinin, linking membrane-bound CD13 to the cytoskeleton, further supporting CD13 as an inflammatory adhesion molecule. Mechanistically, mutation of the conserved CD13 cytoplasmic tyrosine to phenylalanine abrogated adhesion; Src, FAK, and ERK phosphorylation; and cytoskeletal alterations upon Ab cross-linking. Finally, CD13 was phosphorylated in isolated murine inflammatory peritoneal exudate cells, and adoptive transfer of monocytic cell lines engineered to express the mutant CD13 were severely impaired in their ability to migrate into the inflamed peritoneum, confirming that CD13 phosphorylation is relevant to inflammatory cell trafficking in vivo. Therefore, this study identifies CD13 as a novel, direct activator of intracellular signaling pathways in pathophysiological conditions.
The International Journal of Advertising in 2015 and beyond

As many of you are already aware, this issue marks the first issue of the International Journal of Advertising being published by Routledge/Taylor & Francis. While I remain grateful for WARC's stew...
Identification of Sensitive Unclassified Information

Sensitive Unclassified information is defined as any unclassified information that may cause adverse consequences against the government facilities. In this chapter, we explore the use of categorization techniques and information extraction to discover this kind of information in scanned documents.
Effects of various adrenal inhibitors in low-renin essential hypertension

Abstract The blood pressures of patients with spironolactone-responsive low-renin essential hypertension were favorably affected by double blind treatment with amino-glutethimide (an inhibitor of conversion of cholesterol to all types of hormonal steroids) and by WIN 24,540 (an inhibitor of the conversion of 5-ene to 4-ene steroids) but were not favorably affected by dexamethasone (an inhibitor of ACTH-dependent steroidogenesis) or metyrapone (an inhibitor of 11-hydroxylation). Patients with primary aldosterone responded similarly except that their blood pressures also responded favorably to metyrapone. Patients with essential hypertension and normal plasma renin activity failed to respond to any of these treatments. It is concluded that in patients with low-renin essential hypertension a mineralocorticoid plays a major role in the maintenance of the hypertension. In the majority of patients a non-ACTH dependent 4-ene steroid appears to be involved. Aldosterone does not appear to play a major pathogenetic role in maintaining the hypertension of patients with the syndrome of low-renin essential hypertension.
Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic waves in a steady zonal circulation for a shallow fluid shell on the surface of a rotating sphere

This paper considers two-dimensional nonlinear MHD waves of large horizontal spatial scales for a thin magnetofluid layer on the surface of a rotating sphere. The 'shallow fluid' hydrodynamic equations are generalized to include the effects of magnetic fields, and it is shown that the resulting MHD equations can be reduced to a single scalar equation for a stream function involving several free functions. For special choices of these free functions, two kinds of finite-amplitude MHD waves are obtained, propagating in the azimuthal direction relative to the uniformly rotating background atmosphere in the presence of a background zonal magnetic field and a steady differential zonal flow. These two kinds of MHD waves are fundamentally due to the joint effects of the uniform rotation of the background atmosphere and background magnetic field; the first is an inertial wave of the Rossby (1939) and Haurwitz (1940) type, modified by the presence of the background zonal magnetic field, while the second is a magnetic Alfven-like wave which is modified by the uniform rotation of the background atmosphere.
The PHD finger: a versatile epigenome reader

PHD (plant homeodomain) zinc fingers are structurally conserved modules found in proteins that modify chromatin as well as mediate molecular interactions in gene transcription. The original discovery of their role in gene transcription is attributed to the recognition of lysine-methylated histone H3. Recent studies show that PHD fingers have a sophisticated histone sequence reading capacity that is modulated by the interplay between different histone modifications. These studies underscore the functional versatility of PHD fingers as epigenome readers that control gene expression through molecular recruitment of multiprotein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. Moreover, they reinforce the concept that evolutionary changes in amino acids surrounding ligand binding sites on a conserved structural fold impart great functional diversity upon this family of proteins.
Sex differences in aggressivity and the effects of social isolation in the anabantoid fish, Macropodus opercularis

The aggressivity of adult males and females was evaluated by measuring (1) the frequency of aggressive displays that individuals made toward a mirror image stimulus following varying periods of social isolation, (2) the display frequency in brief, unisexual and bisexual bouts with live opponents, and (3) the reinforcing effects of mirror image stimulation on performance of an approach response. Isolation up to seven days increased aggressivity in both sexes. Males performed lateral display toward a mirror image or a live conspecific more frequently than females. Mirror image stimulation also was a stronger positive reinforcer in males than in females.
Individual Differences in the Caregiving Behavior of Teenage Mothers: An Ecological Perspective

Adolescent mothers differ markedly in terms of the quality of care they provide for their children. The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to individual differences in the quality of care adolescent mothers provided for their 54-month-old children. Belsky's model of the determinants of parenting was used to select the predictor variables that were used in the analysis [Belsky, J. (1984). Child Development, 55, 83-96.]. Data on parenting practices were collected for 104 adolescent mothers from the family advocates who worked with these families during a 5-year, family support program. Characteristics of the young mothers (e.g. depression, childrearing beliefs), characteristics of the child (e.g. irritability) and contextual sources of stress and support (e.g. neighborhood environment) were correlated with advocates' assessments of parenting.
Tautomerism of nucleic acid bases and the effect of molecular interactions on tautomeric equilibria

Abstract The change in tautomeric equilibria of purine and pyrimidine bases which may occur as a result of changes from an inert to polar environment of the base is examined in a general way. The contributions to the interaction energy between two molecules of 2-oxo-5-chloro-pyrimidine are compared specifically with those for 2-hydroxy-5-chloropyrimidine to show the influence of such an interaction on the relative stability of the oxo and hydroxy tautomeric forms. Similar effects are expected to change the relative order of stabilities of tautomers of purines and pyrimidine bases as a result of their interactions with their environment. The advantages of infrared studies of these equilibria for matrix isolated bases to provide information about the isolated bases, are discussed, and the extensive results from such studies over the past 14 years are reviewed. This review concentrates on studies of the biologically significant nucleic acid bases (1-methyluracil, 1-methylcytosine, 9-methyladenine and 9-methylguanine (9-MG) and several related model compounds). The technique for these studies is reviewed and illustrated with specific examples. For all of these bases except the guanosine analog 9-MG, only one tautomeric form is found to occur in the inert matrix environment, and it is the same form found for the base in polar solutions. However, for 9-MG the normal “oxo” tautomer (G) is found to be in approximately 1:1 equilibrium with the rare “hydroxy” tautomer (G*) in the inert (Ar or N2) gas matrix. These results contrast sharply with the studies of guanine residue in more polar environments where only the oxo form is found. The possible biological significance of this finding may be considerable, since G* will form a base pair with thymine rather than cytosine, possibly leading to spontaneous mutation. Finally, recent results from theoretical ab initio calculations of relative stabilities of the nucleic acid bases are reviewed and summarized. These results show the importance of making such calculations with large enough basis sets and estimate the effects of including electron correlation and correcting for zero point vibrational energies.
Pdf prediction of supersonic hydrogen flames

A hybrid method for the prediction of supersonic turbulent flows with combustion is developed consisting of a second order closure for the velocity field and a multi-scalar pdf method for the local thermodynamic state. It is shown that for non-premixed flames and chemical equilibrium mixture fraction, the logarithm of the (dimensionless) density, internal energy per unit mass and the divergence of the velocity have several advantages over other sets of scalars. The closure model is applied to a supersonic non-premixed flame burning hydrogen with air supplied by a supersonic coflow and the results are compared with a limited set of experimental data.
THE EFFECT OF POLYSACCHARIDES ON THE REACTION BETWEEN ERYTHROCYTES AND VIRUSES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MUMPS VIRUS

Polysaccharides which cause inhibition of the multiplication of mumps virus in the allantoic sac may or may not cause inhibition of hemagglutination by the virus. Moreover, such substances may or may not prevent adsorption of the virus by erythrocytes. The available evidence indicates that polysaccharides active as inhibitors do not block adsorption of mumps virus by cells of the living allantoic membrane. With influenza A, influenza B, and Newcastle disease viruses, as well as with PVM, there also appears to be a lack of correlation between the in vitro and in vivo inhibiting activity of polysaccharides.
The effects of ablation of visual cortex in neonatal rabbits on the organization of retinothalamic and retinopretectal projections.

Abstract Primary visual cortex was ablated unilaterally in neonatal rabbits. Following a survival of 2–4 months, retrogade degeneration of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd) was assessed, and reorganization of retinofugal pathways was studied using methods of anretrograde transport of [3H]proline or of horseradish peroxidase. A complete lesion of primary visual cortex resulted in complete retrograde degeneration of the LGd with no sparing of any class of neurons. The terminations of retinofugal axons in the pretectum and thalamus were compared with those observed in normal animals. No major reorganization of ipsilateral retinofugal projections was observed in either the thalamus and pretectum ipsilateral to the ablated cortex, or in the thalamus and pretectum contralateral to the ablated cortex. However, contralateral retinofugal projections to the pretectum ipsilateral to the ablated cortex were significantly different from normal. In the thalamus, the projections to the lateral posterior nucleus were expanded in area and increased in density. In the pretectum, the projections to the rostral pretectal areas were greatly increased in area, especially in the region of the olivary pretectal nucleus and posterior pretectal nucleus. However, the density of these projections was not increased relative to normal. Consideration of these results in relation to other published data on the anatomical consequences of neonatal visual cortex lesions, both in mammals which show behavioral sparing following neonatal visual cortex lesions and in mammals which, like the rabbit, show no behavioral sparing, suggests that: (1) behavioral sparing may correlate with patterns of survival or death of neurons in the thalamus and retina; and (2) reorganization of retinofugal pathways is not necessarily associated with behavioral sparing.
The protein kinase PKR is required for macrophage apoptosis after activation of Toll-like receptor 4

Macrophages are pivotal constituents of the innate immune system, vital for recognition and elimination of microbial pathogens. Macrophages use Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns--including bacterial cell wall components, such as lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acid, and viral nucleic acids, such as double-stranded (ds)RNA--and in turn activate effector functions, including anti-apoptotic signalling pathways. Certain pathogens, however, such as Salmonella spp., Shigellae spp. and Yersiniae spp., use specialized virulence factors to overcome these protective responses and induce macrophage apoptosis. We found that the anthrax bacterium, Bacillus anthracis, selectively induces apoptosis of activated macrophages through its lethal toxin, which prevents activation of the anti-apoptotic p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. We now demonstrate that macrophage apoptosis by three different bacterial pathogens depends on activation of TLR4. Dissection of anti- and pro-apoptotic signalling events triggered by TLR4 identified the dsRNA responsive protein kinase PKR as a critical mediator of pathogen-induced macrophage apoptosis. The pro-apoptotic actions of PKR are mediated both through inhibition of protein synthesis and activation of interferon response factor 3.