cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activating activism: Facebook trending topics, media franchises, and industry disruption

ABSTRACTThis research considers the politics of the Facebook platform and the paratextual role of its Trending Topics module in opening the door to #FranchiseActivism: calls for intervention in the media industries’ management and exploitation of specific entertainment properties, organized and mobilized on social media, in which future representations, labor practices, and market priorities for ongoing media franchises often become articulated to the pursuit of social justice. Trending Topics goes beyond enabling activism by selecting, ordering, and organizing its expressions alongside the industrial forms of publicity and promotion also circulating in users’ news feeds. Facebook can alternately push activist conversations about media franchising to the forefront of social media discussion of major entertainment industry franchises or suppress it in favor of celebratory promotional narratives preferred by studio marketers. That Facebook opens doors to activist critique of franchising and puts media indus...
Scaling to the Organism: An Innovative Model of Dynamic Exposure Hotspots in Stream Systems.

In flowing systems, fluctuations in the frequency, magnitude, and duration of exposure occurs due to turbulence and geomorphology, causing spatial and temporal variations in chemical exposure at the scale of the organism. Spatial models representing toxicant distribution at the appropriate scales of stream organisms are noticeably missing from the literature. To characterize the fine scale distribution of pollutants in freshwater streams at the scale of a benthic organism, nine artificial stream habitats were created (riffle, pool, run, bend, woody debris) with either sand or gravel substrate. Dopamine was released as a chemical tracer, mimicking a groundwater source, and measurements were recorded with a microelectrode and Epsilon electrochemical recording system. Proxies for the frequency, magnitude, and duration of chemical exposure were extracted. Geographic information systems and an inverse distance weight interpolation technique were used to predict spatially the chemical distribution throughout the habitats. Spatial and temporal variations of exposure were exhibited within and across habitats, indicating that the frequency, magnitude, and duration of exposure is influenced by the organism’s location within a habitat and the habitat it resides in. The run and pool with sand substrate contained the greatest frequency, magnitude, and duration of exposure, suggesting a more detrimental exposure compared to other habitats. Differences in peak heights within and across habitats are orders of magnitude in value. Spatial and temporal fluctuations of fine scale exposure need to be considered in both ecotoxicology and water quality modeling to represent and understand the exposure of pollutants impacting benthic organisms.
Antibody-Mediated Catalysis in Infection and Immunity

The existence of catalytic antibodies has been known for decades. Natural antibodies capable of cleaving nucleic acid, protein, and polysaccharide substrates have been described. Although the discovery of catalytic antibodies initially aroused great interest because of their promise for the development of new catalysts, their enzymatic performance has been disappointing due to low reaction rates. However, in the areas of infection and immunity, where processes often occur over much longer times and involve high antibody concentrations, even low catalytic rates have the potential to influence biological outcomes. In this regard, the presence of catalytic antibodies recognizing host antigens has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, naturally occurring catalytic antibodies to microbial determinants have been correlated with resistance to infection. Recently, there has been substantial interest in harnessing the power of antibody-mediated catalysis against microbial antigens for host defense. Additional work is needed, however, to better understand the prevalence, function, and structural basis of catalytic activity in antibodies. Here we review the available information and suggest that antibody-mediated catalysis is a fertile area for study with broad applications in infection and immunity.
Aquifer Mechanical Properties and Decelerated Compaction in Tucson, Arizona

In recent decades, high groundwater extraction rates, often coincident with periods of severe drought, result in the widespread decline of water levels. Overexploitation of aquifers also causes land subsidence, which poses a severe threat to infrastructure. Tucson, Arizona experiences land subsidence coupled with the depletion of groundwater, a critical water resource for the desert city. To understand the spatiotemporal evolution of land subsidence and its implications for aquifer properties, we examine long time series of surface deformation and head levels. Measurements at extensometer stations indicate rapid compaction of fine-grained material up to 8.5 mm/yr from 1990 to 2005, which results in permanent storage volume losses up to 4.1%. The analysis of densely populated sets of interferograms generated from Envisat and RadarSAT C-band acquisitions yields multitemporal maps of surface deformation at unprecedented resolution. These maps reveal that subsidence significantly slows by the late 2000s, corresponding with the implementation of artificial recharge efforts. Subsequent to groundwater level recovery, we observe a brief 6.6-year interval of residual compaction, suggesting a high vertical hydraulic conductivity, which is then shown to be up to 9.8x10-4 m/day. We also estimate the average elastic and inelastic skeletal storage coefficients for the aquifer system to be 3.78x10-3 and 6.01x10-3, respectively. InSAR shows deformation nearly ceases by 2015, likely reducing hazards associated with earth fissuring and infrastructure damage. This study highlights successful outcomes of water management and conservation plans that preserve existing groundwater reserves and increase artificial recharge.
Simulation as an Effective Strategy for Interprofessional Education

Abstract Interprofessional simulation provides healthcare professions students an opportunity to collaborate in a team. The purpose of this study was to examine student perspectives of an interprofessional simulation lab experience within the fields of nursing, physical therapy, nutrition, and social work. A pre-post design was employed, using the validated Interprofessional Attitudes Survey Interprofessional Education Collaborative tools to determine if there were any perceived changes in interprofessional competency and attitudes about interprofessional simulation experience. Following the simulation there were significant changes in students' attitudes in areas of cultural competence, understanding of roles, interprofessional communication and teamwork. Interprofessional simulation is a teaching strategy that shows great promise for promoting teamwork among the healthcare professions.
Chapter 10 Language and Motor Disorders in Deaf Signers

The study of sign language probes the intersection of the brain's control of language and of movement. We combine new techniques of three-dimensional computer graphic movement analyses with linguistic analyses to illuminate neural mechanisms controlling language and movement from a striking new perspective: Investigation of processing deficits of signers with distinct language and movement disorders. Lesions in the left but not in the right hemisphere in deaf signers are seen to produce sign language aphasias. These aphasias differentially affect phonological, morphological, and syntactic organization within a visual-gestural language. Thus it would appear that the left cerebral hemisphere in man has an innate predisposition for language, independent of language modality. Our ability to create digital records of the spatiotemporal patterns of signing allows us to investigate signing not only as linguistic behavior, but also as motor behavior. In contrast to the representational-linguistic deficits of signers with aphasia, a signer with Parkinson's disease is shown to have motor implementation deficits that markedly alter his signing. These alterations parallel the effects of Parkinson's disease on speech, and are likely due to common motor requirements for language in the two modalities. Analysis of patterns of breakdown of linguistic structure and motor control for sign language following brain damage in deaf signers is providing new input into models of brain function for language.
Integrating Mechanical Force into Lung Development.

In this issue of Developmental Cell, Tang et al. (2018) and Li et al. (2018) combine genetic manipulation, mechanical perturbation, and live imaging to show how mechanical forces and local growth factors intersect to influence epithelial behavior and cell fate specification within the developing lung.
Entrapment allegations in right-wing terrorism cases: A mixed-methods analysis

Abstract Entrapment allegations have been widespread in post-9/11 US terrorism prosecutions, but existing research focuses almost exclusively on neojihadi and left-wing prosecutions. It is thus unclear whether entrapment is also prevalent in right-wing terrorism cases. This article employs a mixed-method approach to analyze entrapment claims in right-wing terrorism cases. Quantitative analyses of a database of post-9/11 terrorism prosecutions show that right-wing cases have significantly fewer entrapment indicators than neojihadi and left-wing terrorism cases, and are far less likely to have particularly high entrapment scores. Detailed qualitative analyses of five right-wing terrorism investigations reveal that four cases feature potentially strong entrapment claims. However, a comparative analysis finds that these claims are significantly weaker than those in many neojihadi and left-wing cases. We theorize that micro-, meso- and macro-level mechanisms enabled the occasional emergence, but far lower prevalence and strength, of viable entrapment claims in right-wing terrorism investigations.
A conservation assessment of the freshwater gastropods of South Dakota based on historical records and recent observations

In South Dakota, like most U.S. states, up-to-date knowledge of the distribution of freshwater gastropod species is lacking and historical data suffers from a host of synonyms. I consulted literature records and online museum databases to compile a list of freshwater gastropods historically recorded for South Dakota. I used systematic studies and regional records to evaluate each historically-listed species reducing 54 nominal species to 25 expected to inhabit South Dakota. This, along with recent survey data from across the state, enable a benchmark conservation status to be established for the freshwater gastropods of South Dakota. My preliminary conservation evaluation indicates Planorbula armigera is critically imperiled (S1), while three species; Ferrissia rivularis, Campeloma decisum, and Amnicola limosus are imperiled (S2). The status of historical species not observed recently, and suspected inhabitants known from adjacent states are discussed.
Using Collaborative Learning in the Park and Recreation Curriculum

The instructional mode of collaborative learning is described for use with university students. Advantages of this method over other teaching modes for effective teaching, experiential learning and...
SIMULATION-BASED EVALUATION OF ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) have the potential to lead to improved transit operations planning and real time control of operations (service management). Simulation approaches can provide the necessary tools to evaluate various strategies and approaches at the operational level. Important requirements that a simulator must meet in order to realistically represent bus operations is proposed, along with a framework for implementation. A case study of an urban arterial network in Stockholm, Sweden, demonstrates the capabilities of the simulation model.
Wilms' tumor. Overview of National Wilms' Tumor Study Group results.

Over the past few decades, dramatic improvement has occurred in the survival of children with Wilms' tumor. This excellent outcome is attributed primarily to the availability of several active chemotherapeutic agents; however, advances in radiation oncology, supportive care, and improved surgical and anesthetic techniques also have a role. The integration of these different treatment modalities has been studied in several randomized clinical trials. In the United States and Canada, virtually all children with Wilms' tumor are treated according to clinical trials developed by the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group (NWTSG). 19 In Europe, most children are managed according to therapeutic studies designed by the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP). The NWTSG recommends primary nephrectomy before adjuvant chemotherapy or irradiation, whereas the SIOP trials have been based on the use of prenephrectomy therapy. Current management emphasizes reducing the morbidity of treatment for low-risk patients, reserving more intensive treatment for selected high-risk patients for whom survival remains poor. This article discusses the NWTSG experience regarding Wilms' tumor, its diagnosis, treatment, and current management.
Issues of Control and Operation

The context of power system control and operation is defined within the framework of modern system theory. A resulting map guides the reader through the functional aspects as well as the learning aspects. In essense the book proceeds along the learning path with a keen eye on the functional one. Functionally, the subjects are divided into the categories of — (a) Decision and Control, (b) Information Gathering and Processing, and (c) System Integration and New Frontiers. The learning path is based on developing, simultaneously, a balance between physical (practical) insights and mathematical proficiency. Block diagrams and tables provide overall guidance on the issues involved.
Hindfoot Arthrodesis Screw Position and Trajectory Effect on Talus Subsidence When Performed With Total Ankle Arthroplasty.

Background:Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is increasingly being recognized as an effective surgical option for end-stage ankle arthritis. Associated hindfoot arthrodesis procedures are at times nee...
Enhanced Energetic Neutral Atom Imaging

Over the past two decades, instruments designed to image plasmas in energetic neutral atom (ENA) emission have flown in space. In contrast to typical satellite-based in situ instruments, ENA imagers provide a global view of the magnetosphere because they remotely measure ion distributions via neutrals that are not tied to the magnetic field. An intrinsic challenge that arises during analysis of magnetospheric ENA images is that the ENA fluxes are integrated along the line-of-sight of the instrument. We propose a method of enhancing ENA emission from a localized region in space, thereby enabling spatially resolved measurements of ENA emission in a remotely obtained ENA image. Here we show that releases of modest volumes (~ 1.4 m3) of liquid hydrogen in space are sufficient to accomplish the ENA localization.
Creole Italian: Sicilian immigrants and the shaping of New Orleans food culture

Justin A. Nystrom’s book Creole Italian: Sicilian Immigrants and the Shaping of New Orleans Food Culture tells the tale of the Sicilian experience in New Orleans. In this book, Nystrom examines how...
Further Thoughts on Turbulent Flow in a Pipe

Nikuradse’s 1932 paper on turbulent flow in a smooth pipe contains a wealth of information on flow resistance (friction factor) and profiles of velocity and eddy viscosity. The goal here is to study this information in detail with the objective of applying it to other turbulent-flow situations. In particular, reverse engineering supports a value of n = 2 for the exponent on the volumetric dissipation in the decay term of the equation of the dissipation theorem. Of equal importance, integration of Nikuradse’s profiles of eddy viscosity does not lead to his formula for the universal resistance law; instead the presence of the viscous sublayer has an overt effect on the result even though we had thought that such a region influenced only the form of mass transfer at high values of the Schmidt number. A formula is proposed for the decay of dissipation for turbulent flow in smooth pipes.
Ethical and legal issues

Abstract This chapter reviews ethical and legal considerations including civil and criminal aspects of geriatric forensic evaluations. Topics include ethics in dementia, ethics in forensic evaluations, professional guidelines, working with attorneys, geriatric criminal evaluations including competence to stand trial and insanity defense, then adjucative process, and challenges for older offenders in correctional settings.
A (2+1)-dimensional time-dependent Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa equation: Painlevé integrability and multiple soliton solutions

Abstract In this work, we extend the (2+1)-dimensional Date- Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa equation to a new version with time-dependent coefficients. The integrability property of this developed equation is demonstrated by exhibiting the Painleve test. We show that this time-dependent equation admits multiple real and multiple complex soliton solutions. Moreover, we derive other solitonic and periodic solutions.
Physics-based Deep Spatio-temporal Metamodeling for Cardiac Electrical Conduction Simulation

Modeling and simulation have been widely used in both cardiac research and clinical study to investigate cardiac disease mechanism and develop new treatment design. Electrical conduction among cardiac tissue is commonly modeled with a partial differential equation, i.e., reaction-diffusion equation, where the reaction term describes cellular excitation and diffusion term describes electrical propagation. Cellular excitation can be modeled by either detailed human cellular models or simplified models such as the FitzHugh-Nagumo model; electrical propagation can be simulated using either biodomain or mono-domain tissue model. However, existing cardiac models have a great level of complexity, and the simulation is often time-consuming. This paper develops a new spatiotemporal model as a surrogate model of the timeconsuming cardiac model. Specifically, we propose to investigate the auto-regressive convolutional neural network (AR-CNN) and convolutional long short-term memory (Conv-LSTM) to model the spatial and temporal structure for the metamodeling. Model predictions are compared to the one-dimensional simulation data to validate the prediction accuracy. The metamodel can accurately capture the properties of the individual cardiac cell, as well as the electrical wave morphology in cardiac fiber at different simulation scenarios, which demonstrates its superior performance in modeling and the long-term prediction.
Performance Appraisal Reactions: A Review and Research Agenda

Employee reactions to performance appraisals are essential to appraisal effectiveness: They are correlated with subsequent job attitudes, motivation, and performance. Yet, many managers dread giving appraisal reviews and employee reactions are often negative. Although performance appraisal research has traditionally focused on psychometric properties of performance ratings, there is a burgeoning literature on appraisal reactions. In this chapter, this burgeoning literature is reviewed to identify key predictors of appraisal reactions, opportunities for future research, as well as implications for managers and organizations. A conceptual model is developed to guide future research; this model implies that more longitudinal and multilevel studies are needed to better understand the processes whereby predictors are related to appraisal reactions. This review suggests that managers and organizations should pay special attention to leader–member exchange quality, due process performance appraisal, and providing opportunities for voice in the appraisal review so as to improve performance appraisal effectiveness.
A 64-Year-Old Man With Rapidly Progressive Respiratory Failure and Pneumomediastinum

Case Presentation A 64-year-old man presented for consideration for lung transplant. He had a history of previous tobacco use, OSA on CPAP therapy, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. He worked as a design engineer. The patient had a 4-year history of dyspnea on exertion, followed with periodic CT scan of the chest. Nine months prior to his evaluation for lung transplant, the patient developed worsening of dyspnea, dry cough, poor appetite, and weight loss. At times, the cough was violent and associated with chest pressure. He was prescribed systemic corticosteroids and antibiotics without improvement. Four months later, the patient noted sudden onset of severe chest pain and worsening dyspnea. A CT scan of the chest demonstrated extensive pneumomediastinum in addition to changes consistent with pulmonary fibrosis. An esophagogram showed thickening of the distal esophagus, but no signs of perforation. He was prescribed supplemental oxygen and advised to stop the use of CPAP. The patient sought a second opinion. A CT scan of the chest showed improvement of the pneumomediastinum and extensive fibrotic lung disease. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were consistent with a restrictive pattern, decreased diffusing capacity (Dlco), and a preserved residual volume over total lung capacity ratio. The patient was prescribed systemic corticosteroids with no improvement of his symptoms. Repeat PFTs showed further decline of Dlco, and he was referred for lung transplant evaluation.
The Influence of Medicare for All on Reimbursement for Emergency Care Treat-and-Release Visits

Study objective Single-payer health care is supported by most Americans, but the effect of single payer on any particular sector of the health care market has not been well explored. We examine the effect of 2 potential single-payer designs, Medicare for All and an alternative including Medicare and Medicaid, on total payments and out-of-pocket spending for treat-and-release emergency care (patients discharged after an emergency department [ED] visit). Methods We used the 2013 to 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to determine estimates of payments made for ED visits by insurance type, and the 2015 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to estimate the proportion of ED visits covered by each insurance type. Results We found that total payments were predicted to increase from $85.5 billion to $89.0 billion (range $81.3 to $99.8 billion) in the Medicare-only scenario and decrease to $79.4 billion (range $71.6 to $87.2 billion) under Medicare/Medicaid, whereas out-of-pocket costs were predicted to decrease from $116 per visit to $45 with Medicare and to $36 with Medicare/Medicaid. Conclusion In this study of ED treat-and-release patients, a transition to a Medicare for All system may increase ED reimbursement and reduce consumer out-of-pocket costs, whereas a system that maintains Medicaid in addition to Medicare could reduce total payments for emergency care.
Rapunzel syndrome presenting as acute pancreatitis, hypoproteinaemia and subsequent distal intestinal obstruction

Abstract Rapunzel syndrome is a rare presentation of trichobezoar and always occurs in patients who have a preceding history of trichophagia with or without trichotillomania. These patients are mostly female and present acutely with abdominal pain and vomiting. Acute pancreatitis and hypoproteinaemia are rare but life threatening presentations of Rapunzel syndrome which demands early diagnosis and management, however our case was unique as she also went on to develop distal intestinal obstruction caused by detachment of the trichobezoar. It is important that Rapunzel syndrome is considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in female patients with acute onset abdominal pain and vomiting with no clear explanation. As in our and other reported patients presenting with acute pancreatitis, underlying trichophagia was not initially evident and the history needed revisiting in order to confirm the diagnosis. Following acute management, it is crucial that all patients are followed up with psychological/psychiatric support and if indicated, upper GI endoscopy to exclude recurrence.
Spinal anesthesia in a designated block bay for total joint arthroplasty: improving operating room efficiency.

Background Creating highly efficient operating room (OR) protocols for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a challenging and multifactorial process. We evaluated whether spinal anesthesia in a designated block bay (BBSA) would reduce time to incision, improve first case start time and decrease conversion to general anesthesia (GA). Methods Retrospective cohort study on the first 86 TJA cases with BBSA from April to December 2018, compared with 344 TJA cases with spinal anesthesia performed in the OR (ORSA) during the same period. All TJA cases were included if the anesthetic plan was for spinal anesthesia. Patients were excluded if circumstances delayed start time or time to incision (advanced vascular access, pacemaker interrogation, surgeon availability). Data were extracted and analyzed via a linear mixed effects model to compare time to incision, via a Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare first case start time, and via a Fisher’s exact test to compare conversion to GA between the groups. Results In the mixed effect model, the BBSA group time to incision was 5.37 min less than the ORSA group (p=0.018). The BBSA group had improved median first case start time (30.0 min) versus the ORSA group (40.5 min, p Conclusions BBSA had limited impact on time to incision for TJA, with a small decrease for single OR days and no improvement on OR days with two rooms. BBSA was associated with improved first case start time and decreased rate of conversion to GA. Further research is needed to identify how BBSA affects the efficiency of TJA.
A Novel Technique for Pore Structure Characterization without the Use of Any Toxic Material

An innovative nondestructive technique for measurement of characteristics, pore volume, pore distribution and liquid permeability of porous materials without using mercury or any other toxic material is discussed. This technique has none of the disadvantages of mercury intrusion porosimetry. Examples of applications of the new technique are illustrated with experimental data.
Premature Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Abstract Background Recent literature has shown an association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and inflammatory bowel disease, potentially mediated through chronic inflammatory pathways. However, there is a paucity of data demonstrating this relationship among young patients with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Methods Using data from the nationwide Veterans wIth premaTure AtheroscLerosis (VITAL) registry, we assessed the association between extremely premature and premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (age at diagnosis: ≤40 years and ≤55 years, respectively) and inflammatory bowel disease. Patients were compared with age-matched controls without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Multivariable regression models adjusted for traditional risk factors. Results We identified 147,600 patients and 9485 patients with premature and extremely premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, respectively. Compared with controls, there was a higher prevalence of overall inflammatory bowel disease among premature (0.96% vs 0.84%; odds ratio [OR] 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.21) and extremely premature (1.36% vs 0.75%; OR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.52-2.17) patients. After adjustment, these associations attenuated in both premature and extremely premature groups (OR 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00-1.14 and OR 1.61; 95% CI, 1.34-1.94, respectively). Conclusion Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with higher odds of extremely premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially for those age ≤40 years. With increasing age, this risk is attenuated by traditional cardiometabolic factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia. Prospective studies are needed to assess the role of early intervention to decrease cardiovascular risk among young patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Classifying Breast Cancer Cell Lines of Different Metastasis Potentials using Visible Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning

We classified breast cancer cell lines of different metastatic potentials using visible resonance Raman spectroscopy, principal component analysis, and support vector machines. Cross validated classification accuracies of over 78% were achieved.
Genomic analysis of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza L.: presence of the arginine decarboxylase pathway, absence of the ornithine decarboxylase pathway, and response to abiotic stresses

Identification of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway genes in duckweed S. polyrhiza reveals presence of prokaryotic as well as land plant-type ADC pathway but absence of ODC encoding genes. Their differential gene expression and transcript abundance is shown modulated by exogenous methyl jasmonate, salinity, and acidic pH. Genetic components encoding for polyamine (PA) biosynthetic pathway are known in several land plant species; however, little is known about them in aquatic plants. We utilized recently sequenced three duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) genome assemblies to map PA biosynthetic pathway genes in S. polyrhiza. PA biosynthesis in most higher plants except for Arabidopsis involves two pathways, via arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). ADC-mediated PA biosynthetic pathway genes, namely, one arginase (SpARG1), two arginine decarboxylases (SpADC1, SpADC2), one agmatine iminohydrolase/deiminase (SpAIH), one N-carbamoyl putrescine amidase (SpCPA), three S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases (SpSAMDc1, 2, 3), one spermidine synthase (SpSPDS1) and one spermine synthase (SpSPMS1) in S. polyrhiza genome were identified here. However, no locus was found for ODC pathway genes in this duckweed. Hidden Markov Model protein domain analysis established that SpADC1 is a prokaryotic/biodegradative type ADC and its molecular phylogenic classification fell in a separate prokaryotic origin ADC clade with SpADC2 as a biosynthetic type of arginine decarboxylase. However, thermospermine synthase (t-SPMS)/Aculis5 genes were not found present. Instead, one of the annotated SPDS may also function as SPMS, since it was found associated with the SPMS phylogenetic clade along with known SPMS genes. Moreover, we demonstrate that S. polyrhiza PA biosynthetic gene transcripts are differentially expressed in response to unfavorable conditions, such as exogenously added salt, methyl jasmonate, or acidic pH environment as well as in extreme temperature regimes. Thus, S. polyrhiza genome encodes for complete polyamine biosynthesis pathway and the genes are transcriptionally active in response to changing environmental conditions suggesting an important role of polyamines in this aquatic plant.
Discrete Fast fourier Transorm Algorithms: A Tutorial Survey

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the importance of the tensor product in providing a streamlined, powerful language for an automatic symbolic manipulation of data flow. The emphasis is on the tensor product as a linguistic device, paying close attention to the stride permutation algebra, which naturally creates the grammatical rules for data manipulation. This grammar is not solely for producing highlighted Cooley–Tukey variants but is directly tied to problems in specific machine implementation, where machine parameters make specific demands. Implementation is discussed in the chapter on the level of multidimensional tensor products that can then be used as modules for Cooley–Tukey algorithms, as well as in other digital signal processing applications. The chapter also describes multidimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms. In the chapter, results obtained from algorithms are applied to the problem of computing the FFT on data admitting redundancies from invariance under certain group actions. Furthermore, large data sets required in many modern applications and the necessity of many FFT computations make this application not only mathematically interesting but of great scientific importance.
A model for harmonizing flow cytometry in clinical trials

Complexities in sample handling, instrument setup and data analysis are barriers to the effective use of flow cytometry to monitor immunological parameters in clinical trials. The novel use of a central laboratory may help mitigate these issues.
Close Binaries in Triple Systems

The presence of of the third companion, even a very distant and/or low-mass one, may significantly affect the orbit of a close binary. The ex-eclipsing binary SS Lac, which has reccently been proved to have a companion star, is an interesting example of such an influence. We apply a model in which both the orbit and the intrinsic spins of the stars in a close binary evolve subject to a number of perturbing forces, including the effect of a third body in a possibly inclined wider orbit to this system as well as to hypothetical young Algol (s Per) models with a detached binary of two ZAMS stars. We find that our model of SS Lac is quite constrained by the relatively good observational data of this system, and leads to a specific inclination (29°) of the outer orbit relative to the inner orbit at epoch zero (1912). Although the intrinsic spins of the stars have little effect on the orbit, the converse is not true: the spin axes can vary their orientation relative to the close binary by up to 120° on a timescale of about a century. For Algol we find that although at present the semi-detached binary orbit is practically unaffected by perturbations, the initial binary if it had a period of P ≳ 3 days would have shortened it to under 3 days. This sets an upper limit to the amount of angular momentum loss that the binary may have subsequently experienced, when one component became a magnetically-active red subgiant.
Multivariable Evaluation of Candidates for Cardiovascular Disease

A preventive approach to the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is needed. It is the leading cause of death in the USA and across most of the world. Those fortunate enough to survive can seldom be restored to full function. Extensive epidemiologic research and clinical trials have identified modifiable predisposing risk factors which, when corrected, can reduce the likelihood of its occurrence. Because CVD is a multifactorial disease with the risk factors interacting multiplicatively over time to promote it, these risk factors need to be assessed jointly. To accomplish this, multivariate risk prediction functions (algorithms) which estimate the probability of cardiovascular events conditional on the burden of specified risk factors have been produced to facilitate evaluation of candidates for CVD in need of preventive management.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Non-Equilibrium Lattice-Gas Models: Basic and Refined Algorithms Applied to Surface Adsorption Processes

For many growth, transport, or reaction processes occurring on the surfaces or in the bulk of crystalline solids, atoms reside primarily at a discrete periodic array or lattice of sites, actually vibrating about such sites. These atoms make occasional “sudden” transitions between nearby sites due to diffusive hopping, or may populate or depopulate sites due to adsorption and desorption, possibly involving reaction. Most of these microscopic processes are thermally activated, the rates having an Arrhenius form reliably determined by transition state theory [1]. In general, these rates will depend on the local environment (i.e., the occupancy of nearby sites) thus introducing cooperativity into the process, and they may vary over many orders of magnitude.
Principles for Managing Essential Processing in Multimedia Learning: Segmenting, Pretraining, and Modality Principles.

The split-attention principle states that in the design of instruction, including multimedia instruction, it is important to avoid materials that require learners to split their attention between, and mentally integrate, multiple sources of information. The sources of information should be both physically and temporally integrated in order to reduce unnecessary search for referents and so reduce extraneous cognitive load. Whether sources of information are intelligible in isolation, and whether the information is high in element interactivity, depends not only on the instructional material, but also on learner characteristics. Cognitive load theory, which gave rise to the split-attention principle, which is based on an understanding of human cognitive architecture, especially the relations between working and long term memory, provides theory-based and experimentally tested instructional guidelines. Those guidelines that are associated with the split-attention effect and that have been discussed in this chapter have the potential to substantially improve multimedia instruction.
Angular distribution of de-excitation gamma-rays in Coulomb excitation with large energy loss

Abstract The angular distribution coefficients b k E λ(ξ) and b k M λ(ξ) of the gamma-rays emitted by nuclei excited by Coulomb excitation are calculated in the limit ξ⪢1 with the use of asymptotic expansions of the Coulomb integrals. These coefficients are expressed as series expansions with ξ − 2 3 as expansion parameter; the expansion coefficients are evaluated numerically. Numerical values of a k πλ(ξ) (b k πλ(ξ)/b 0 πλ(ξ)) are presented for 5
Metastable structures and isotope exchange reactions in polyoxometalate ions provide a molecular view of oxide dissolution

Dissolution processes affect the performance of oxides in applications ranging from power generation to catalysis. A study on polyoxometalate ions, which are thought to model oxide surfaces, now suggests that dissolution is controlled by the stability of transient oxygen-stuffed structures.
Characteristics of the vincristine-induced augmentation of methotrexate uptake in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

Abstract Studies were undertaken to characterize the effect of vincristine on methotrexate uptake in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and to define the mechanism of this interaction. Vincristine (10 µm) does not alter the unidirectional influx of methotrexate but slows the unidirectional efflux of methotrexate and leads to a large increase in the steady state level of exchangeable intracellular methotrexate. These effects of vincristine are rapidly, but not completely, reversible. Vincristine stimulation of net methotrexate uptake occurs within 4 min of exposure of cells to this agent and increases over an extracellular vincristine concentration range of at least 5 to 50 µm. Vincristine does not alter the intracellular water content nor the chloride distribution ratio. The addition of glucose to the medium partially reverses the effect of vincristine and completely reverses the stimulatory effect of sodium azide on the net uptake of methotrexate. Vincristine (10 µm) increases net uptake of methotrexate in L1210 leukemia cells but does not have a significant effect on net methotrexate uptake in the L-cell mouse fibroblast over a 2½-hour interval of exposure even though replication of the L-cell is completely arrested. The similarity between the effects of vincristine and metabolic poisons on methotrexate uptake and the partial reversal of the effect of vincristine by glucose suggest that this agent enhances methotrexate uptake by the inhibition of cellular energy metabolism with the consequent inhibition of an energy-dependent process which limits methotrexate accumulation within the cell. The data suggest further that this effect of vincristine represents an interaction with a cellular element(s) that is different from the interaction which results in the arrest of cell division in metaphase.
Shape And Correspondence

An important problem in computer vision and image understanding is how to establish a correspondence between points in multiple images of an object. In this paper we illustrate how shape can be used in establishing point correspondences for objects bounded by smooth surfaces. This approach uses local geometric surface features in 3-dimensional world space as opposed to features in the intensity space of an image, as is done elsewhere in the image understanding literature.
Contributions to the W-boson anomalous moments in the two-Higgs-doublet model at collider energies.

We examine the one-loop contributions arising in the two-Higgs-doublet model to the {ital W}-boson anomalous magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole form factors for both photon and {ital Z} couplings relevant at collider energies. While the model parameter and {ital q}{sup 2} dependencies of these form factors are found to be significant, the corresponding size of these corrections are relatively small in comparison to unity. They are, however, found to be comparable in magnitude to the usual standard model loop corrections. Radiative corrections to the Higgs-particle masses and couplings due to heavy top quarks are included in the analysis.
Knowledge-free induction of inflectional morphologies

We propose an algorithm to automatically induce the morphology of inflectional languages using only text corpora and no human input. Our algorithm combines cues from orthography, semantics, and syntactic distributions to induce morphological relationships in German, Dutch, and English. Using CELEX as a gold standard for evaluation, we show our algorithm to be an improvement over any knowledge-free algorithm yet proposed.
Material properties of biofilms—a review of methods for understanding permeability and mechanics

Microorganisms can form biofilms, which are multicellular communities surrounded by a hydrated extracellular matrix of polymers. Central properties of the biofilm are governed by this extracellular matrix, which provides mechanical stability to the 3D biofilm structure, regulates the ability of the biofilm to adhere to surfaces, and determines the ability of the biofilm to adsorb gases, solutes, and foreign cells. Despite their critical relevance for understanding and eliminating of biofilms, the materials properties of the extracellular matrix are understudied. Here, we offer the reader a guide to current technologies that can be utilized to specifically assess the permeability and mechanical properties of the biofilm matrix and its interacting components. In particular, we highlight technological advances in instrumentation and interactions between multiple disciplines that have broadened the spectrum of methods available to conduct these studies. We review pioneering work that furthers our understanding of the material properties of biofilms.
Superelectrophilic intermediates in nitrogen-directed aromatic borylation.

The first examples of borylation under conditions of borenium ion generation from hydrogen-bridged boron cations are described. The observable H-bridged cations are generated by hydride abstraction from N,N-dimethylamine boranes Ar(CH2)nNMe2BH3 using Ph3C+ (C6F5)4B− (TrTPFPB) as the hydride acceptor. In the presence of excess TrTPFPB, the hydrogen-bridged cations undergo internal borylation to afford cyclic amine borane derivatives with n = 1−3. The products are formed as the corresponding cyclic borenium ions according to reductive quenching experiments and 11B and 1H NMR spectroscopy in the case with Ar = C6H5 and n = 1. The same cyclic borenium cation is also formed from the substrate with Ar = o-C6H4SiMe3 via desilylation, but the analogous system with Ar = o-C6H4CMe3 affords a unique cyclization product that retains the tert-butyl substituent. An ortho-deuterated substrate undergoes cyclization with a product-determining isotope effect of kH/kD 2.8. Potential cationic intermediates have been evaluate...
Stability of Green Peach Aphid Resistance in Tuber-bearing Solanum Introductions and Its Effect on Screening Procedures

Resistance to green peach aphid (OPA), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), appears to be a relatively stable characteristic in tuber-bearing Solanum species. A high heritability estimate was obtained in replicated field trials over environments and counting dates. Consideration of variance components indicated that multiple evaluations in at least 2 environments with 2 counting dates per environment are desirable for final evaluations of resistance. The number of replications per environment can be reduced to 2 without markedly affecting the heritability estimate or the expected gain in resistance through selection. Results suggest that preliminary screening can be satisfactorily accomplished with one environment and one counting date.
THE DIABETIC RESPONSE OF GEESE TO PANCREATECTOMY

Removal of the pancreas together with the gastrointestinal tract results in a marked impairment in the utilization of glucose and in an inhibition of the hypoglycemic response to tolbutamide in the goose but not in the duck.
Employee characteristics and participation in a worksite wellness programme

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying structure of participation in a worksite wellness programme, and to examine the relationship between the demographic and quality of life (QOL) characteristics of employees, and the wellness programme offerings in which they choose to participate.Design The cross-sectional design of this study involved gathering data from individuals at one point in time, following their decision to participate (or not participate) in a worksite wellness programme.Setting This study involved county government employees in a Midwestern United States community.Method Surveys were mailed to a random sample of 329 county government employees. The survey included demographics and measured QOL via the Short Form-36 (SF-36). One-week and three-week follow-ups were conducted in attempt to increase the survey response rate.Results Two dimensions of wellness programme participation were identified to exist among wellness programme participants: (1) medical offerings; ...
Evidence that intermediate-like filaments are found in the micronucleus of Paramecium bursaria during prophase

The micronuclear spindle apparatus in Paramecium bursaria was studied by electron microscopy during prophase, metaphase, and anaphase of the first meiotic division. During prophase, the spindle apparatus consists mostly of intermediate-like filaments, relatively few spindle microtubules, and unique cone-shaped structures termed microlamellae. Microlamellae join the ends of chromosomes to the fibrous elements of the spindle. The capacity to preserve the intermediate-like filaments is largely dependent upon the use of collidine buffer during fixation. In contrast, during metaphase and anaphase, microtubules are the dominant fibrous element of the spindle. The microtubules interact with chromosomes during these phases by joining to true kinetochores. Neither treatment with cytochalasin B or fixation with a low concentration of osmium tetroxide affects the development of intermediate filaments during prophase. Because intermediate-like filaments are abundant during prophase and microtubules are more common during metaphase and anaphase, the structural differences may reflect differences in the mechanisms for chromosome movement.
An estimation of the relative efficiency of two internal sorting methods

This report concerns the IBM 705, models I and II. It is a study of the machine time required by two internal sorting methods, the conventional two-way merge, and a form of the binary search, which is due to D. Mordy, of the IBM Corporation. In particular, estimates are derived for the more time-consuming machine operations of comparison of keys, loading of keys into accumulator storage, and transmission of tags. The first two operations arise in both methods; the last is peculiar to the binary search. If the exclusion of other ancillary program steps from the estimation of machine times may be regretted from a purely practical point of view, some of the intermediate estimates may be of interest in a more theoretical context.