cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BaCe0.85Y0.15O2.925 dense layer by wet powder spraying as electrolyte for SOFC/SOEC applications

Abstract Y-doped barium cerate (BCY) is a protonic conductor showing an excellent conductivity that recently received increasing attention as an electrolyte in solid oxide cells operating at low–intermediate temperatures ( 0.85 Y 0.15 O 2.925 ) on a porous Ni-BCY substrate, to produce an anode-supported cell. To the authors' knowledge, only one paper recently appeared in the literature dealing with BCY deposition by WPS, but in that case the sprayed layer was isostatically pressed to obtain a dense layer. In this study, the optimization of suspension formulation, deposition conditions and sintering process allowed achieving a dense BCY layer without any additional step. The description of the spraying technique details and the parameters affecting a good film densification is reported. Furthermore, such a technique optimized for BCY can then be also considered for the production of thin electrolyte multilayers.
Computer Education in a Graduate School of Management

Several years of experience have led to the belief that the creative design and evaluation of management information systems requires a thorough understanding of the related computer technology. Concepts such as paging and priority interrupt systems can best be explained at the machine language level. Any machine used for exposition should fulfill several criteria. It should: (1) raise as few spurious issues as possible; (2) allow, without undue effort, the solution of interesting problems; (3) be capable of exposing all outstanding issues of significance, within the chosen machine; (4) be useful for pursuing issues in great depth when appropriate; (5) not be committed to the equipment provided by any manufacturer; (6) be able to provide the student with diagnostic aids to a great depth; (7) allow the student ready access to the machine; (8) be capable of extension to expose new issues as they come along.We have constructed a simulated machine and its associated software which meets these criteria. This system, called the PRISM system, is documented by a primer and a reference manual.
Distinguishing viscous from elastic properties in Viscoelastic Response (VisR) ultrasound

Viscoelastic Response (VisR) ultrasound is an acoustic radiation force (ARF)-based imaging method for noninvasively interrogating the viscoelastic properties of tissue. ViSR ultrasound uses two successive ARF impulses delivered to a single region of excitation (ROE) and tracks the micrometer-scale induced displacements. We have previously demonstrated that tracked displacements can be fit to the mass-spring-damper model in order to measure the relaxation time constant, τ, given by the ratio of viscosity to elasticity. Because it is a ratio, we cannot determine a change in τ is due to changes in elasticity, viscosity, or both. However, elasticity and viscosity may be evaluated uniquely by VisR if considered relative to the magnitude of the forcing function. It is hypothesized that their separation enhances discrimination of viscoelastic materials in VisR ultrasound. We demonstrate that VisR is able to isolate elasticity and viscosity from τ in FEM simulated data and experimentally in a gelatin phantom with a soft inclusion.
TRAC: toward recency and consistency reporting in a database with distributed data sources

Distributed computing environments, including workflows in computational grids, present challenges for monitoring, as the state of the system may be captured only in logs distributed throughout the system. One approach to monitoring such systems is to "sniff" these distributed logs and to store their transformed content in a DBMS. This centralizes the state and exposes it for querying; unfortunately, it also creates uncertainty with respect to the recency and consistency of the data. Previous related work has focused on allowing queries to express currency and consistency constraints, which are then enforced by "pulling" data from the distributed sources on demand, or by requiring synchronous updates of a centralized data store. In some instances this is impossible due to legacy system issues or inefficient as the system scales to large numbers of processors. Accordingly, we propose that instead of enforcing consistency and recency, such monitoring systems should report these properties along with query results, with the hope that this will allow the data to be appropriately interpreted. We present techniques for reporting consistency and recency for queries and evaluate them with respect to efficiency and precision. Finally, we describe our prototype implementation and present experimental results of our techniques.
Pre- and postoperative electrophysiologic assessment of children with secundum atrial septal defect

Abstract Sinus node (SN) and atrioventricular node (AVN) dysfunction after repair of atrial septal defect (ASD) may be caused by inherent nodal abnormalities and not related to altered hemodynamics. To assess the preoperative prevalence and postoperative persistence of nodal dysfunction, 21 consecutive children, mean age 5.4 years, underwent electrophysiologic evaluations before ASD repair. Preoperative SN recovery time was prolonged in 11 patients and was associated with abnormal AVN response to rapid atrial pacing in 5. There were no significant differences in age, hemodynamic values or shunt size between children with normal and those with abnormal nodal function. Atrial and AVN refractory periods were normal. The ASD was repaired in 9 children with SN dysfunction. Electrophysiologic studies performed 4 to 16 months after surgical correction showed improvement in all electrophysiologic values. However, SN function remained abnormal. Significant decreases were observed in atrial (p
A new animal model for human colon cancer metastasis

An animal model for human colon cancer metastasis is described in which spontaneously metastasizing colonic tumors are formed after injection of human colon cancer cells into the cecal wall of young athymic nude mice. Lymphatic and vascular invasion were demonstrated histologically after injection of both well- and poorly-differentiated cell lines, and metastases were found in a pattern similar to that of naturally occurring human colonic cancer. In contrast, little or no visceral organ involvement could be demonstrated after s.c. injection. Cells with increased liver-metastasizing potential were obtained by serial selection in this system. These cells had an enhanced ability to penetrate a reconstituted basement membrane in the presence of partially purified liver extract when compared to lung or brain extracts in a modified Boyden chamber assay. These results demonstrate the ability of human epithelial tumor cells to metastasize reproducibly in an animal model system, which may be useful for studying many aspects of the pathogenesis of cancer metastasis. In addition, it is suggested that local invasion by colon cancer cells may be influenced in part by tissue-specific factors.
Electronic Neural Networks For Global Optimization

An electronic neural network with feedback architecture, implemented in analog custom VLSI is described. Its application to problems of global optimization for dynamic assignment is discussed. The convergence properties of the neural network hardware are compared with computer simulation results. The neural network's ability to provide optimal or near optimal solutions within only a few neuron time constants, a speed enhancement of several orders of magnitude over conventional search methods, is demonstrated. The effect of noise on the circuit dynamics and the convergence behavior of the neural network hardware is also examined.
Mandatory influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: a 5-year study.

Background. The rate of influenza vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs) is low, despite a good rationale and strong recommendations for vaccination from many health organizations. Objective. To increase influenza vaccination rates by instituting the first mandatory influenza vaccination program for HCWs. Design and Setting. A 5-year study (from 2005 to 2010) at Virginia Mason Medical Center, a tertiary care, multispecialty medical center in Seattle, Washington, with approximately 5,000 employees. Methods. All HCWs of the medical center were required to receive influenza vaccination. HCWs who were granted an accommodation for medical or religious reasons were required to wear a mask at work during influenza season. The main outcome measure was rate of influenza vaccination among HCWs. Results. In the first year of the program, there were a total of 4,703 HCWs, of whom 4,588 (97.6%) were vaccinated, and influenza vaccination rates of more than 98% were sustained over the subsequent 4 years of our study. Less than 0.7% of HCWs were granted an accommodation for medical or religious reasons and were required to wear a mask at work during influenza season, and less than 0.2% of HCWs refused vaccination and left Virginia Mason Medical Center. Conclusion. A mandatory influenza vaccination program for HCWs is feasible, results in extremely high vaccination rates, and can be sustained over the course of several years.
Implementing a tool for timing analysis of real-time production systems

The Estella general analysis tool (E-GAT) is a computer-aided software engineering tool for performing response time analysis of real-time production systems written in the EQL rule-based language. E-GAT detects potential timing errors statically, making it a powerful aid for the rapid prototyping and development of expert systems with guaranteed response time. It is based on a powerful analysis methodology which exploits the identification of rule sets satisfying certain general behavior constraint assertions. A description is presented of the implementation of E-GAT with efficient algorithms. >
Soil organic carbon stock for reclaimed minesoils in northeastern Ohio

Reclamation of disturbed soils is done with the primary objective of restoring the land for agronomic or forestry land use. Reclamation followed by sustainable management can restore the depleted soil organic carbon (SOC) stock over time. This study was designed to assess SOC stocks of reclaimed and undisturbed minesoils under different cropping systems in Dover Township, Tuscarawas County, Ohio (40°32·33′ N and 81°33·86′ W). Prior to reclamation, the soil was classified as Bethesda Soil Series (loamy-skeletal, mixed, acid, mesic Typic Udorthent). The reclaimed and unmined sites were located side by side and were under forage (fescue—Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and alfa grass—Stipa tenacissima L.), and corn (Zea mays L.)—soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation. All fields were chisel plowed annually except unmined forage, and fertilized only when planted to corn. The manure was mostly applied on unmined fields planted to corn, and reclaimed fields planted to forage and corn. The variability in soil properties (i.e., soil bulk density, pH and soil organic carbon stock) ranged from moderate to low across all land uses in both reclaimed and unmined fields for 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths. The soil nitrogen stock ranged from low to moderate for unmined fields and moderate to high in some reclaimed fields. Soil pH was always less than 6·7 in both reclaimed and unmined fields. The mean soil bulk density was consistently lower in unmined (1·27 mg m−3 and 1·22 mg m−3) than reclaimed fields (1·39 mg m−3 and 1·34 mg m−3) planted to forage and corn, respectively. The SOC and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were higher for reclaimed forage (33·30 g kg−1; 3·23 g kg−1) and cornfields (21·22 g kg−1; 3·66 g kg−1) than unmined forage (17·47 g kg−1; 1·98 g kg−1) and cornfield (17·70 g kg−1; 2·76 g kg−1). The SOC stocks in unmined soils did not differ among forage, corn or soybean fields but did so in reclaimed soils for 0–10 cm depth. The SOC stock for reclaimed forage (39·6 mg ha−1 for 0–10 cm and 28·6 mg ha−1 for 10–20 cm depths) and cornfields (28·3 mg ha−1; 32·2 mg ha−1) were higher than that for the unmined forage (22·7 mg ha−1; 17·6 mg ha−1) and corn (21·5 mg ha−1; 26·8 mg ha−1) fields for both depths. These results showed that the manure application increased SOC stocks in soil. Overall this study showed that if the reclamation is done properly, there is a large potential for SOC sequestration in reclaimed soils. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite-Element Limit Analysis of the Tucker High School Gymnasium Roof Failure

The Randolph Tucker High School gymnasium roof failure of 1970 has received much scholarly attention. This study will provide a conclusion to a large body of previously published works by means of limit state analysis of the roof failure using state of the art parametric finite-element modeling. Parametric modeling within a general purpose finite-element analysis program allows for extremely rapid changes to the model because key terms are objects or parameters that can be adjusted internally by the program, rather than laboriously entered by the user. The failure of the roof was investigated by means of a limit state analysis, which accurately captured the cracking of the concrete and the yielding of the reinforcing steel. Concrete creep and shrinkage and relaxation of the prestressing steel were also accounted for. Finally, the authors also studied the idea that camber in the roof geometry might have prevented collapse.
Structural Optimization and Biological Screening of a Steroidal Scaffold Possessing Cucurbitacin‐Like Functionalities as B‐Raf Inhibitors

Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by targeting the commonly occurring mutated B-Raf in melanoma has become a practical method for the development of drugs and drug candidates. In order to expand upon the currently reported structural scaffolds used to target the MAPK pathway, molecular docking studies led to the installation an α,β-unsaturated ketone side chain, related to the cucurbitacin class of natural products, on to an estrone core via an aldol condensation reaction, along with installation of the Δ(9,11) olefin to assemble what has been defined as a pseudo-cis configuration at the B/C ring juncture. Combination of these cucurbitacin-like features resulted in a compound with an enhanced biological profile against the A-375 mutant B-Raf cell line, in regards to their cytotoxicity and inhibitory activity toward phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK).
CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CONDYLAR ADAPTATIONS TO ALTERED MANDIBULAR POSITION IN ADULT RHESUS MONKEYS, MACACA MULATTA

Morphological adaptation to altered position of the mandible was investigated in 19 young adult rhesus monkeys (n = 10 experiment and 9 control). The experimental animals had a bite-splint cemented to the maxillary dentition which opened the bite interincisally by 15 mm and was worn continuously for 48 weeks. Lateral radiographic cephalograms were taken prior to the experiment and at 12-week intervals thereafter. Computerized cephalometry, facilitated by the use of radio-opaque bone markers, was used to assess changes in mandibular position and morphology. An immediate effect of the bite-splint was the clockwise rotation (opening) of the mandible and anterior translation of the condyle on the articular eminence, much as occurs normally during jaw depression. During the next 48 weeks, the mandible (1) rotated anti-clockwise (closed) due mainly to antero-superior displacement of the maxilla and intrusion of the mandibular dentition and (2) underwent a significant increase in length (p less than 0.05). These findings indicate that the mandibular condyle of young adult monkeys is capable of small, but biologically significant, compensatory growth after displacement.
Mating Behavior and Dual-Purpose Armaments in a Camel Cricket

Sexual selection has often been dichotomized into intersexual and intrasexual components of selection, favoring ornaments and weapons, respectively. Here, we show that a weapon used in male–male combat is sometimes also used in a functionally similar manner for grasping females during mating. The hind legs of adult males of some species of Pristoceuthophilus camel crickets have strongly bent tibia and stout femora with two large conspicuous spines. Here, we show that (1) leg armature is positively allometric, (2) males use these leg modifications when fighting other males, (3) males sometimes use the same leg modifications in the same functional manner for grabbing and holding females for mating, (4) virgin females show more interest in males than do non-virgin females, and (5) males are more likely to use their leg modifications to grab and hold females when paired with non-virgin females than when paired with virgin females. We interpret these results as suggesting that males employ an alternative coercive mating strategy when paired with unreceptive females; alternative explanations are also discussed.
Effects of SEM Preparation Techniques on the Appearance of Bacteria and Biofilms in the Carter Sandstone

Abstract When biofilms (aggregations of bacteria and extracellular polymer secretions) in samples from the Carter Sandstone of Alabama were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using different dehydration techniques, the organic material had visibly different textures and distributions. In order to assess whether the variation was attributable to sample preparation or to inherent biofilm heterogeneity, each of five techniques were tested 3 to 10 times on small (1 cm) pieces of the Carter Sandstone containing either a strain of bacteria cultured from and reintroduced into the rock, or an in situ biofilm grown by injection of nutrients through core samples. The techniques tested were (1) air drying alone; (2) fixation in 10% glutaraldehyde with air drying; (3) ethanol dehydration with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) drying [2.5% glutaraldehyde, ethanol dehydration, and HMDS]; (4) ethanol dehydration with critical-point drying; and (5) ethanol and acetone dehydration with critical-point drying. Unpreserved control samples were either imaged wet in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) or vacuum-dried for SEM. Observations were based on SEM microscopy of over 60 samples and study of over 150 photomicrographs. In both experiments, the original morphology of individual bacteria was best preserved by ethanol dehydration with HMDS drying, ethanol dehydration with critical-point drying, or ethanol-acetone dehydration with critical-point drying. Critical-point drying preserved bacteria but stripped away mucilaginous material, revealing filamentous structures within the biofilm. These filaments, along with masses of microspheres (nannobacteria?) and the smooth mucilaginous outer layer, also occur in wet samples studied by ESEM, and are, therefore, not dehydration artifacts. However, different sample preparation techniques accentuated different components of the heterogeneous biofilm, thus resulting in vastly different textures. The cultured bacteria produced a biofilm that had a different surface texture and was more susceptible to sample preparation artifacts than the in situ biofilm. Use of more than one sample preparation technique is recommended in order to avoid bias.
Canine cyclic haematopoiesis: marrow transplantation between littermates.

Summary. Dogs affected with cyclic haematopoiesis (CH) and experiencing recurrent 12-day cycles of neutropenia were supralethally irradiated and transplanted with marrow from their normal littermates. Following transplantation of the normal marrow, dogs with CH experienced no further cycles of neutropenia. Platelet and reticulocyte numbers also ceased to fluctuate cyclically in these dogs. The marrows of dogs with CH were transplanted into unaffected supralethally irradiated littermates. Prompt engraftment occurred in the recipient dogs with subsequent cyclic rises and falls of the numbers of platelets, reticulocytes and neutrophils. In the post-transplant period, immunosuppressant drugs were not used in three of the recipients and the fourth received only a single 5 mg dose of methotrexate.
Bariatric surgery prior to total joint arthroplasty may not provide dramatic improvements in post-arthroplasty surgical outcomes.

This study compared the total joint arthroplasty (TJA) surgical outcomes of patients who had bariatric surgery prior to TJA to TJA patients who were candidates but did not have bariatric surgery. Patients were retrospectively grouped into: Group 1 (n=69), those with bariatric surgery >2 years prior to TJA, Group 2 (n=102), those with surgery within 2 years of TJA, and Group 3 (n=11,032), those without bariatric surgery. In Group 1, 2.9% (95%CI 0.0–6.9%) had complications within 1 year compared to 5.9% (95%CI 1.3–10.4%) in Group 2, and 4.1% (95%CI 3.8–4.5%) in Group 3. 90-day readmission (7.2%, 95%CI 1.1–13.4%) and revision density (3.4/100 years of observation) was highest in Group 1. Bariatric surgery prior to TJA may not provide dramatic improvements in post-operative TJA surgical outcomes.
A LIDAR-based crop height measurement system for Miscanthus giganteus

The objective of this research was to develop a stem height measurement system for Miscanthus giganteus (MxG), to be used as a component in a future Look Ahead Yield Monitor (LAYM). For this purpose, a SICK(R) LMS 291 LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) unit was evaluated in static and dynamic mode. To eliminate the error caused by inclination angles from undulations in the ground surface and installation, an inclination correction algorithm was developed that improved the measurement accuracy in both static and dynamic mode. In static mode, the sensor was kept stationary and evaluated among various MxG stem densities. The results showed an average error of 5.08% with a maximum error of 8% and a minimum error of 1.8%. The static height measurement approach was also employed to measure the crop height in a 5x10m field, and, compared to manual measurements, an error of 4.2% was achieved. In dynamic mode, the sensor was driven past a field edge to provide a three-dimensional structure of the crop. An Ordinary Least Squares based surface fitting algorithm was applied to generate both the top and ground surfaces of the covered area, resulting in an average crop height. The results showed that the dynamic height measurement achieved an average error of 3.8% with a maximum error of 6.5% and a minimum error of 1.5%.
Competition of two microbial populations for a single resource in a chemostat when one of them exhibits wall attachment

It is known that two microbial populations competing for a single resource in a homogeneous environment with time-invariant inputs cannot coexist in a steady state. The case where two microbial populations compete for a single resource in a chemostat but one of them exhibits attachment to the chemostat walls is studied theoretically. Because of the cells' attachment to the walls, the environment is no longer homogeneous. The present article considers the case where the attached cells form no more than a monolayer. Other situations occur, often frequently, but we do not consider them here. Two models are used to represent the attachment to the walls: the Topiwala-Hamer model and a model which assumes that the attachment of microbial cells to the solid surfaces is a reversible process. The first model does not allow the population that exhibits wall attachment to wash out from the chemostat, in contrast to the second model (which nevertheless reduces to the first one in the limit). It has been found that in most of the possible cases for both models, the two competitors can coexist in a stable steady state for a wide range of the operating parameters space. The results of the stability analysis are discussed and analytical expressions for the conditions and the boundaries of the domains of stable coexistence are given for all the possible situations that may arise.
Material analysis and characterization of cesium iodide (CsI) coated C fibers for field emission applications

Field emission cathodes consisting of cesium iodide (CsI) coated graphite fibers have been investigated as promising electron sources for high power microwave (HPM) devices. After conditioning for removing adsorbed water vapor, these cathodes have operated stably for more than one million pulses and release little or no plasma. One of the most useful properties of the Csl coatings appears to be a significant reduction in turn-on electric fields compared to un-coated graphite fiber cathodes. Computational investigations of the modification of the electronic properties of a C surface upon adsorption of both isolated and crystalline thin layers of Csl have been performed, indicating that these adsorbed layers are capable of significantly improving the emission properties of the C fibers by forming surface dipole layers . These layers are predicted to alter the electrostatic potential barrier for electron emission of the surface and lower the overall work function of the system from ~4.5 eV (pure graphite) down to ~1.2 - 1.4 eV. In order to further correlate the microscopic properties of the material system with the computational results obtained and the macroscopic performance characteristics of these cathodes, a series of materials characterizations are being carried out on the cathodes. These studies will facilitate the determination of both bulk and surface elemental composition of the cathodes, provide the value of the surface work function, determine the micro-morphological characteristics of the cathode's surface as well as the micro-structural characteristics of the bulk, and identify the role of any interface regions on the emission properties of the cathode. A more complete understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for the superior emission characteristics of Csl coated C fibers and the nano-physics of the system will be obtained.
Retroviruses as Insertional Mutagens

Insertional mutagenesis is a powerful tool for isolating and characterizing genes involved in development because it allows the simultaneous mutating and tagging of a gene. In mammals, two approaches have been successful in inducing insertional mutants: Transgenic animals have been generated by inserting either retroviruses or recombinant DNA into the germ line. Experiments with the first approach exposed mouse embryos to retroviruses at different stages of development (Jaenisch, 1976; Jahner and Jaenisch, 1980; Jaenisch et al., 1981), while experiments with the second approach microinjected mouse zygotes with recombinant DNA (Wagner et al., 1983; Palmiter et al., 1984; Woychik et al., 1985; Mark et al., 1985).
Applicability of weak-coupling results in high density QCD

Quark matter at an asymptotically high baryon chemical potential is in a color superconducting state characterized by a gap {Delta}. We demonstrate that although present weak-coupling calculations of {Delta} are formally correct for {mu}{yields}{infinity}, the contributions which have to this point been neglected are large enough that present results can only be trusted for {mu}>>{mu}{sub c}{approx}10{sup 8} MeV. We make this argument by using the gauge dependence of the present calculation as a diagnostic tool. It is known that the present calculation yields a gauge invariant result for {mu}{yields}{infinity}; we show, however, that the gauge dependence of this result only begins to decrease for {mu}{approx}>{mu}{sub c}, and conclude that the result can certainly not be trusted for {mu}<{mu}{sub c}. In an appendix, we set up the calculation of the influence of the Meissner effect on the magnitude of the gap. This contribution to {Delta} is, however, much smaller than the neglected contributions whose absence we detect via the resulting gauge dependence.
REDUCTION IN LABOR REQUIREMENTS FOR BURLEY TOBACCO PRODUCTION, PART 2: POTENTIAL

There have been numerous widely adopted mechanization developments and practices since the 1970s that reduced the manual labor requirements for producing burley tobacco by approximately half for ef...
Failure of synthetic 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate to enhance clot retraction of platelet-poor human plasma.

SummarySynthetic 5-hydroxy-tryptamine creatinine sulfate failed to enhance clot retraction and prothrombin utilization during clotting of platelet-free human plasma. These results are at variance with recently reported findings.
Night Vision Equipment: Uses in Forestry

In 1973, Congress appropriated special funds to the Forest Service to investigate new potential techniques which would help alleviate the severe wildland fire threat that exists nationwide. One such project initiated was designated “Helicopter Night Operations.” Several other agencies participated in this investigation; the Los Angeles Fire Department (LACFD), California Department of Forestry, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon Department of Forestry, Aerospace Corporation, U. S. Army, and U. S. Air Force. The exploratory capability was achieved through the use of image intensification devices and thermal imaging systems installed on a UH-1M helicopter loaned by the U. S. Army's Night Vision Laboratory.
Laser-Induced Chemical Etching of Solids: Promises and Challenges

Recent studies have shown the potential of laser-induced chemical etching to become a powerful technique for processing electronic materials. In this paper, the unique strengths and limitations of the laser chemical approach are examined. Some photon-enhanced reaction mechanisms, in particular silicon-halogen reactions, are discussed to illustrate the many facets of the electronically, vibrationally and thermally activated surface processes. It is suggested that the field-assisted diffusion mechanism proposed by Winters, Coburn and Chuang may also be applicable to some photon-induced etching reactions. In addition, the salient features of the laser and the plasma-assisted etching methods are compared. The challenges to resolve certain fundamental and practical difficulties involved in developing the laser technique for processing technology are also outlined.
Problems and Solutions for the Drug Management in Drug Clinical Trials

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for drug management and monitoring in drug clinical trial institutions and monitoring authorities. METHODS: Various problems faced by authorities and institutions were summarized to put forward regulatory measures. RESULTSCONCLUSIONS: There are many problems of drug management in clinical trails. The strict and standardized management system should be established in every institution, especially the new control skills such as IT, and GCP training should be strengthened.
Design and Implement of Modeling Tool of IEC 61850 Based on S-H Framework

In order to create an IEC 61850 modeling tool adapting to demand shift,S-H(Spring-Hibernate) framework is used to construct an application for modeling tool.With service exporter and proxy generator provided by Spring,remote reading and writing service of equipment information models is public in server terminal.Client can access to information models directly through interfaces of service,and entire remote invocation is simplified.Hibernate provides an object persistence framework which creates mapping between equipment information models and tables in database.Thus,information models can be read and written for database as model entities.Under S-H framework,design of modeling tool utilizes interface-oriented programming,and this decouples up-application and remote invocation,accessing to database.That makes of modeling tool implementing more expandable,and concrete application demands can be satisfied.
Gender Microaggressions and Learning Environments: The Role of Physical Space in Teaching Pedagogy and Communication

ABSTRACTCareer and technical education (CTE) programs account for a large proportion of student enrollments in community colleges each year. While women tend to dominate CTE enrollments overall, they remain concentrated in historically feminized fields contrary to nontraditional occupations in which less than 25% of workers are females. Drawing on the emerging research on microaggressions and classroom learning environments, this classroom observation research project of more than 80 hours of observations with supplemental student interviews sought to further an understanding of why women are underrepresented in specific CTE fields. The findings of this study indicated two distinct aspects of the classroom environment that helped stew a culture of gender microaggressions: the instructor pedagogy and communication style, and the impact of physical space. Physical structure, instructor pedagogy, and communication create an environment that often emphasizes and perpetuates social norms connecting men and mas...
Accurate and Provably Secure Latency Estimation with Treeple.

A network latency estimation scheme associates a short “position string” to each peer in a distributed system so that the latency between any two peers can be estimated given only their positions. Proposed applications for these schemes have included efficient overlay construction, compact routing, anonymous route selection, and efficient byzantine agreement. This paper introduces Treeple, a new scheme for latency estimation, that differs from previous schemes in several respects. First, Treeple is provably secure in a strong sense, rather than being designed only to resist known attacks. Second, Treeple “positions” are not based on Euclidean coordinates, but reflect the underlying network topology. Third, Treeple positions are highly stable, allowing peers to retain the same position information for long periods with no maintenance. Finally, Treeple positions can be assigned to peers that do not participate directly in the scheme. We evaluate Treeple on a large internet dataset (with over 200,000 measurements) and find that on average, its latency estimates are within 26% of the true round-trip time. By comparison, Vivaldi, a popular but insecure scheme, has a median relative error of 25% on the same dataset.
Association between state school nutrition laws and subsequent child obesity.

Abstract Many states have enacted laws to improve school nutrition. We tested whether stronger state nutrition laws are associated with subsequently decreased obesity. We conducted a retrospective national multi-year panel data study (analyzed 2014–2016 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia). The predictors were 2010 laws regarding 9 nutrition categories from the Classification of Laws Associated with School Students, which grades the strength of state laws (none, weak, or strong). The outcome was weight status (healthy weight, overweight, or obese) in elementary, middle, and high school from the 2011/2012 National Survey of Children's Health. We tested the association between the strength of laws and weight using multinomial logistic regression. To further evaluate our main results, we conducted state-level longitudinal analyses testing the association between competitive food and beverage laws on the change in obesity from 2003–2011. In main analyses of 40,177 children ages 10–17 years, we found strong state laws restricting the sale of competitive food and beverages in elementary school (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.96) and strong advertising laws across all grades (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.86) were associated with reduced odds of obesity. In longitudinal analyses, states with strong competitive food and beverage laws from 2003–2010 had small but significant decreases in obesity, compared to states with no laws. Although further research is needed to determine the causal effect of these laws, this study suggests that strong state laws limiting the sale and advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages in schools are associated with decreased obesity rates.
Kinetics of Gas–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Reactions

Metallurgical process reactions are typically heterogeneous, involving an interface between phases. Several reaction steps can limit the overall reaction rate: mass transfer control, chemical reaction kinetics, and heat transfer control. Examples are discussed which illustrate each of these, and their joint effect for the common case of mixed control.
Hydroclimate temporal variations

Temporal scale The history of the Earth's hydroclimate is very complex and efforts to understand hydroclimatic processes through time are hindered by the relatively short existence of humans on the planet. The ability to quantify climate variability is fundamental to understanding past and future hydroclimates and to developing a comprehensive perspective of the range and temporal variability of hydroclimatic processes. In the absence of direct observations of climate variables, alternative approaches have been devised to extract climatic information from natural recording systems to develop a climatic record of sufficient duration to expand our understanding of the climate system, climate variability, and hydroclimate variability. Temporal variability is an inherent characteristic of climate and hydroclimate, and empirical evidence shows that most hydroclimatic processes deviate from stationarity in the long term. However, most historical records are too short to accurately reveal the trends, oscillatory behavior, persistence, and sudden shifts from one stationary state to another that characterize long records (Lockwood, 2001; Sveinsson et al ., 2003; Rybski et al ., 2006). Examination of climate variability is complicated further by the absence of a universally accepted distinction between the terms “variability” and “change”. Both terms refer to fluctuations in climate from some expected or previously defined mean climate state. Variability refers to the oscillations, or the pattern of fluctuations, about some specified mean value while change refers to a secular trend producing a displacement of the average. Distinctions can only be made relative to the time scales of concern.
Assessing the popularity of the top-tier journals in the LIS field on Twitter

Twitter popularity, which measures the total frequency of mentions on Twitter, is proposed as an altmetrics indicator to assess the social impact of a given journal. Based on the 2013 Journal Citation Report, 30 journals with high impact factors in the library and information science (LIS) field were identified as top-tier journals. Through the investigation, the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), College & Research Libraries (CRL), and Scientometrics are the most prevalent LIS journals with 2668, 1730, and 625 mentions, separately, on Twitter. To explore the association between the proposed altmetrics indicator and citation-based measures, Spearman's rho nonparametric correlation analysis was conducted to test the correlations between Twitter mentions and 8 citation-based measures (total cites, impact factor, 5-year impact factor, immediacy index, articles, cited half-life, Eigenfactor score, and article influence score). There is a significant and moderate correlation observed between the Twitter mentions and Eigenfactor score for the investigated journals. In conclusion, although the proposed altmetrics indicator, journal Twitter popularity, may not measure the scientific impact as the citation-based measurements do, this study puts forward the possibility of using journal Twitter popularity as a complementary indicator of journal impact.
Implementation of Problem-Based Learning by Faculty Members at 12 U.S. Medical and Dental Schools

The aim of this study was to assess the perspectives of medical and dental faculty members regarding implementation of problem-based learning (PBL). A survey instrument was designed with demographic questions and two open-ended questions to investigate faculty members’ perceptions of the most suitable subjects or courses in which to use PBL and examples of how they incorporated PBL into their instruction. The survey was sent to 12 U.S. medical and dental schools known to use PBL, and 73 medical faculty members and 88 dental faculty members completed the survey (n=161), for an overall response rate of 28% of those who were sent the survey at each school (not each’s total faculty). In the results, 41% of the medical faculty respondents and 22% of the dental faculty respondents stated that PBL is applicable for all subjects. Members of both groups perceived that PBL is primarily applicable in clinical education, including clinical courses or the clinical applications of courses. The respondents’ perceptions about PBL implementation varied significantly, and both groups reported a wide range of approaches in which they implement PBL in their instruction, some of which were not consistent with the purpose of PBL.
Resynchronization Dynamics Reveal that the Ventral Entrains the Dorsal Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Although the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) has long been considered the master circadian clock in mammals, the topology of the connections that synchronize daily rhythms among SCN cells is not well understood. We combined experimental and computational methods to infer the directed interactions that mediate circadian synchrony between regions of the SCN. We analyzed PERIOD2 (PER2) expression from SCN slices during and after treatment with tetrodotoxin, allowing us to map connections as cells resynchronized their daily cycling following blockade and restoration of cell-cell communication. Using automated analyses, we found that cells in the dorsal SCN stabilized their periods slower than those in the ventral SCN. A phase-amplitude computational model of the SCN revealed that, to reproduce the experimental results: (1) the ventral SCN had to be more densely connected than the dorsal SCN and (2) the ventral SCN needed strong connections to the dorsal SCN. Taken together, these results provide direct evidence that the ventral SCN entrains the dorsal SCN in constant conditions.
Emerging Infectious Uveitis: Aspergillus and Other Fungi

Intraocular fungal infection is a rare, but potentially devastating, ocular condition. Aspergillus and other fungal pathogens reach the eye either endogenously via hematogenous spread or exogenously through trauma or surgery. Aspergillus is the second most common cause of fungal endophthalmitis, after Candida, causing a necrotizing chorioretinitis or endophthalmitis via hematogenous spread usually from the lungs. Aspergillus and other fungi covered in this chapter are commonly present in the environment; however risk factors such as immunocompromise and ocular trauma make patients susceptible to infection with these organisms. While intraocular infection with Aspergillus and the other fungi covered in this chapter is rare, prompt diagnosis and treatment is important in reducing ocular morbidity.
An improvement on locating defects precisely in power MOSFET

As the process of device is scaling down continually. Engineers are trying their best to challenge the limitations of physics in IC industry. However, power IC like power MOSFET and Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) still have a high requirement despite device scale — downs. Here, we want to highlight a method to improve defect location in IGSS (Gate — Source leakage) failure, through this method, we can reduce the FIB process time and increase the rate of success.
Visual perception of limb stiffness

For robotic systems to interact with or learn from the actions of surrounding humans, it is important that they can accurately interpret the intention driving human motor actions. Making such interpretations, however, requires the ability to perceive the relevant feature(s) from the observed human behavior. With visual sensing alone, robots are typically limited to perceiving only the human's overt motion in the form of joint angles and positions. Ideally, robots designed to interface with humans would also be able to infer information as to how the human is controlling itself from that overt motion. In this study, we investigated if and how humans might be able to visually sense changes in limb mechanical impedance of others. Results indicated that humans can visually perceive changes in joint stiffness from the motion of a two-link planar arm, suggesting that humans can extract information regarding how humans control limb impedance from kinematic information. These findings have important implications for applications where robots must interpret the motor actions of humans, such as during robot imitation learning and human-robot physical interaction.
Mapping and determining the center of mass of a rotating object using a moving observer

For certain applications, such as on-orbit inspection of orbital debris, defunct satellites, and natural objects, it is necessary to obtain a map of a rotating object from a moving observer, as wel...
Business, soft power, and whitewashing: Three themes in the US media coverage of “The Great Wall” film:

Applying the grounded theory approach, this study identified three major themes–business, soft power, and whitewashing–in the US media coverage of “The Great Wall” film, which is the biggest co-pro...
Non-parametric modelling of time-varying customer service times at a bank call centre: Research Articles

Call centres are becoming increasingly important in our modern commerce. We are interested in modelling the time-varying pattern of average customer service times at a bank call centre. Understanding such a pattern is essential for efficient operation of a call centre. The call service times are shown to be lognormally distributed. Motivated by this observation and the important application, we propose a new method for inference about non-parametric regression curves when the errors are lognormally distributed. Estimates and pointwise confidence bands are developed. The method builds upon the special relationship between the lognormal distribution and the normal distribution, and improves upon a naive estimation procedure that ignores this distributional structure. Our approach includes local non-parametric estimation for both the mean function and the heteroscedastic variance function of the logged data, and uses local polynomial regression as a fitting tool. A simulation study is performed to illustrate the method. We then apply the method to model the time-varying patterns of mean service times for different types of customer calls. Several operationally interesting findings are obtained and discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Argumentation: planning other agents' plans

Most work in Distributed AI has dealt with agents that cooperate to achieve common high level goals. The assumption of cooperative behavior allows agents to use static models of one another to predict their future actions in order to promote coherent system behavior. Our research extends the domain of problems to include noncooperative, multi-agent interactions where cooperation cannot be assumed but needs to be dynamically induced during problem solving. This necessitates the development of mechanisms to purposefully modify the plans, goals and behavior of other agents to increase agent cooperativeness in order to bring about convergence to a global solution. We advocate persuasive argumentation as such a mechanism for cohering the group problem solving of non fully cooperative agents. We present a model of persuasive argumentation that has been implemented as part of the PERSUADER, a multi-agent computer program that operates in the domain of labor negotiations.
The Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) electronic informed consent (eIC) platform for clinical trials: An operational model and suite of tools for obtaining informed consent, and managing consent documents.

e18577Background: The eIC platform was developed to reduce administrative time and effort associated with paper-based consenting, improve the IC audit trail, and augment educational alternatives fo...