cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creep, recovery, and stress relaxation behavior of nanostructured bioactive calcium phosphate glass-POSS/polymer composites for bone implants studied under simulated physiological conditions.

The creep and recovery and the stress relaxation behaviors of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) binary blends incorporating 30 wt % of a mixture of trisilanolisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and calcium phosphate glass (CaP-g) were investigated under simulated physiological and human body temperature conditions. The synergistic effect of PHA and CaP-g/POSS filler remarkably improved the creep behavior of the PBAT matrix and decreased its residual strain, consequently enhancing its elastic recovery. A considerable increase of the relaxation modulus of the hybrid materials was also observed upon incorporation of PHA and CaP-g/POSS. The relaxation modulus of the neat PBAT sample increased from ~60 MPa to ~1600 MPa after addition of 30 wt % CaP-g/POSS and 70 wt % PHA. However, after exposure of the composites to the simulated human body conditions for 14 days, a drop of dynamic mechanical properties of the studied material systems was observed along with formation of a desirable calcium phosphate phase on the material surface. The long-term (i.e., up to 7 × 105 s) viscoelastic behavior of the studied materials was successfully predicted using the time-temperature superposition principle and the obtained creep strain and the relaxation modulus master curves were satisfactorily fitted to the Findley power law equation and the generalized Maxwell model, respectively. This study demonstrates a facile method for tailoring CaP-g/POSS bioactive glasses composition for bone-like apatite formation on biopolymer surfaces. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2419-2432, 2019.
Saints, Miracles and the Image: Healing Saints and Miraculous Images in the Renaissance

Book Review: Sandra Cardarelli and Laura Fenelli, eds., Saints, Miracles and the Image: Healing Saints and Miraculous Images in the Renaissance. Tournhout: Brepols, 2017. 318pp; 87 color ills.; 30 b/w ills. Hardcover €120.00 (9782503568188)
PD-L1 Inhibitor-Induced Thyroiditis Is Associated with Better Overall Survival in Cancer Patients

Background: Thyroid immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have been reported more frequently with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors than cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in...
A welcome, adrenaline-inducing distraction

Doom Eternal involves killing demons, but the evidence suggests violence in video games has no real effect on behaviour in the real world, says Jacob Aron
Regio- and Enantioselective Bromocyclization of Difluoroalkenes as a Strategy to Access Tetrasubstituted Difluoromethylene-Containing Stereocenters.

Difluoromethylene-containing compounds have attracted substantial research interest over the past decades for their ability to mimic biological functions of traditional functional groups while prov...
Physically Secure mm-Wave Wireless Links with Spatio-temporal Modulated Arrays

Security is emerging as one of the grand challenges for future wireless networks for 5G and beyond, particularly for applications demanding multi-Gbps mm-Wave links with low latency and high energy efficiency. To address these challenges of security when implemented at the network and applications layers, there has been renewed interest in physical layer security techniques that exploit channel propagation characteristics to impart security features. Phased arrays incorporate some amount of physical layer security through directive links. However, it also transmits the indentical constellation outside the main beam, opening itself to potential eavesdropper attacks. In this paper, we will discuss out recent works on spatio-temporal modulated arrays that forces spectral aliasing, constellation scrambling and loss of information outside the main beam to mitigate eavesdropper attacks. We will discuss silicon integrated architectures and show experimental results of these security features with fully integrated spatio-temporal modulated arrays in 65 nm CMOS operating at 76 GHz in 2-element and 4-element array configuration and packaged antennas. Such architectures can enable future deployment of large-scale mmWave wireless networks establishing dynamically reconfigurable physically secure links.
Chapter 49 – Male Sexual Behavior

Major areas controlling sexual motivation and performance in males include the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, the medial preoptic area (MPOA), the amygdala, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). Genital reflexes are controlled by the MPOA, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), brainstem, and spinal cord areas. Mating is integrated by the MPOA, amygdala, BST, PVN, and mesolimbic and nigrostriatal tracts, which are also important for other social behaviors. Perinatal and adult hormones predispose the network to produce specific behaviors. Steroid hormones have primarily slow, genomically mediated effects, although they may also have rapid effects mediated by membrane receptors.
Variational Autoencoder Based Approach for Imbalance Process Fault Detection

Process fault detection has drawn growing attention from various industrial sectors. Efficient detection of process faults can help to avoid abnormal event progression and reduce productivity loss. However, in the complex process system, there are uncontrollable factors or variables which are not captured by sensors that lead to problems with the high imbalance ratio and the curse of dimensionality. It becomes more challenging for many traditional fault detection methods to diagnose the faults in the process or capture the process's hidden characteristics when the data distribution is imbalanced. Therefore, motivated by deep generative models, we proposed a variational-autoencoder (VAE) based approach which can efficiently boost the fault detection performance from imbalanced process data. The proposed approach is highly suitable for dimension reduction and feature extraction of abnormal data: fault samples with new characteristics can be generated. The prediction accuracy evaluated by state-of-the-art classification algorithms can be improved significantly. We have tested our proposed approach using one real dataset collected from a packaging production line of semiconductor integrated circuits (PoSIC), and one public dataset describes a sample of pular candidates collected during High Time Resolution Universe Survey (HTRU2). Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can be well applied to imbalance process data and significantly improve prediction accuracy.
Limited English Proficiency and Disparities in Health Care Engagement Among Patients With Breast Cancer

PURPOSE:Race and ethnicity have been shown to affect quality of cancer care, and patients with low English proficiency (LEP) have increased risk for serious adverse events. We sought to assess the ...
Effects of Remote Teaching in a Crisis on Equity Gaps and the Constructivist Learning an Environment in an Introductory Biology Course Series

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, higher education institutions had to pivot rapidly to online remote learning. Many educators were concerned that the disparate impact of this crisis would exacerbate inequities in learning outcomes and student learning experiences, especially for students from minoritized backgrounds. We examined course grades and student perceptions of their learning experiences in fall (face-to-face) and spring (fully remote) quarters in an introductory biology course series at a public research university. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that student course grades increased overall during remote learning, and equity gaps in course grades were mitigated for minoritized students. We hypothesize that instructors may have changed their grading practices to compensate for challenges in remote learning in crisis. However, spring students reported significant decreases in the amount of peer negotiation and social support, critical components of active learning. These findings suggest that remote teaching in crisis may have negatively affected student learning environments in ways that may not have been captured by grading practices.
Derivation of the final OSIRIS-REx OVIRS in-flight radiometric calibration

The OSIRIS-REx Visible and InfraRed Spectrometer (OVIRS) operates over the ∼0.4- to 4.3-μm wavelength range. Radiometric calibration over this broad range requires the use of multiple calibration sources. Initial OVIRS in-flight calibration coefficients were previously computed using ground calibration from visible integrating sphere and IR blackbody sources, cross-calibrated with Earth-observing satellites for visible wavelengths, and adjusted using the spectrum of the OSIRIS-REx mission’s target body, asteroid (101955) Bennu. As part of the final in-flight calibration, we determined that the best calibration method removes out-of-band IR signal leakage prior to radiometric calibration and updated the calibration coefficients accordingly. These final calibration coefficients work well for data where the field of view is filled, and we document the possible artifacts in underfilled spots.
Indigenous community members’ views about water quality in Lake Atitlán, Guatemala

Cyanobacteria blooms, a recent phenomenon in Lake Atitlan (Guatemala), impact the lake’s ecology and local Maya communities’ cultural identity, subsistence, and employment. The blooms and their ant...
Silicon Platforms for the Next Generation Wireless Systems - What Role Does Reconfigurable Hardware Play?

Wireless communication and networking is experiencing a dramatic growth, and all indicators point to an extension of this growth in the foreseeable future. This paper reflects on the demands and the opportunities offered with respect to the integrated implementation of these applications in the "systems-ona-chip" era. It is demonstrated that the combined need of flexibility and energy-efficiency makes a compelling case for the use of reconfigurable architectures.
H/sup /spl infin// control: inverse free formulae for D/sub 11//spl ne/0 and eliminating pole-zero cancellations via interpolation

Inverse free matrix pencil/descriptor form formulae for the two-Riccati solution of the suboptimal /spl Hscr//sup /spl infin// problem for the case 0/spl les//spl sigma/~(D/sub 11/) >
Cardiovascular and diabetes risk perception in a Hispanic community sample.

PURPOSE: We examined perceptions of 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk or likelihood of having undiagnosed diabetes or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) with actual risk in a community sample of Hispanic adults. METHODS: We conducted a survey of 183 Hispanic adults (> or =18 years) recruited at community events around Charleston, SC. Likelihood of having undiagnosed diabetes/IFG as well as 10-year CHD risk were calculated. Perceived risk was assessed with questions based on the Risk Perception Survey-Diabetes Mellitus. RESULTS: Over half of respondents (54.8%) underestimated their likelihood of undiagnosed diabetes/IFG and 14.8% underestimated their 10-year CHD risk. Older and overweight respondents were more likely to underestimate their likelihood of undiagnosed diabetes/IFG. Respondents with family history of diabetes were the least likely to underestimate their likelihood of current undiagnosed diabetes/IFG. Respondents with diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol or a family history of heart attack were more likely to underestimate their 10-year CHD risk. Men were more likely to underestimate their risk for diabetes/IFG and CHD risk. CONCLUSIONS: Health education to improve accurate risk perception could improve health promotion for this population. Ethn Dis . 2012 Winter;22(1):5-11.
A Reader's Guide to Proust's 'In Search of Lost Time'

Preface Chronology Introduction 1. Du Cote de chez Swann [The Way by Swann's] 2. A l'Ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs [In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower] 3. Le Cote de Guermantes [The Guermantes Way] 4. Sodome et Gomorrhe [Sodom and Gomorrah] 5. La Prisonniere and Albertine disparue [The Prisoner and The Fugitive] 6. Le Temps retrouve [Finding Time Again] Notes Works cited Index.
A Comparative Look at Attitudes toward Gender and Division of Household Labor in Russia, Japan, Germany and the United States

This article uses a comparative approach and a macro-institutional framework to examine the influence of historical, social, political and cultural contexts on attitudes toward gender and division of household labor (including childcare). Data used to answer the research questions come from the 2002 International Social Survey Program (ISSP) module on Family and Changing Gender Roles. Four countries that represent distinctive social, political, and economic systems are examined--US, West Germany, Russia and Japan. Findings show that attitudes toward gender and household labor differ across the four countries. Generally, respondents from Japan and West Germany show relatively more conservative attitudes, whereas those from the U.S. show more progressive attitudes. Russian respondents exhibit some kind of mixed attitudes toward gendered division of household labor. On some measures, e.g. attitudes regarding gender and childcare, respondents from Russia tend to be more progressive than those from the US, West Germany and Japan; but on other measures, e.g. attitudes toward gender roles (men’s job as breadwinners and women’s as homemakers), Russian respondents tend to be more conservative than respondents from the other three countries. The inconsistency of their responses to different measures reflects the complexity of the historical and cultural influence on gender attitudes in Russia. Findings also show a gap between men and women, with women being more progressive than men in attitudes toward gender and division of household labor. Male-female differences vary across countries. In the measure regarding men and childcare, the gender gap is greatest in the U.S, followed by West Germany, Japan, and least in Russia. In the measure regarding men and household work, Russia shows the greatest gender gap, followed by West Germany and the U.S, Japan shows the least. This variation in the size of the gender gap, again, reflects the complex influence of institutional and cultural on men’s and women’s attitudes toward gendered division of labor.
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation

These proceedings contain the papers presented at the 9th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation COnference (GECCO-2007), held in London, UK, July 7-11, 2007. For the first time GECCO was held outside the US. This clearly proved to be a success: a record number of 577 papers were submitted for review, an increase of nearly 30% when compared to last year. Of these 577 papers, 266 were accepted as an 8-page publication and a 25 minutes oral presentation at the conference. This represents an acceptance rate of 46.1%. In addition, 210 papers were accepted as poster presentation with a single-page abstract included in the proceedings. Initially, we had planned for two-page abstracts but the number of submissions made this impossible. We have reached the physical limit on the number of pages in 2-volume printed proceedings GECCO is a somewhat unusual conference with its concept of one conference, many mini-conferences. This year, there were 14 separate tracks that operated independently from each other. All tracks have their own track chair(s) and program committee. A member of a track's program committee is not allowed to simultaneously be a member of another track's committee. To reduce any bias reviewers might have all reviews were conducted double blind. No author's names were included in the reviewed papers. About 475 researchers participated in the reviewing process. Their work is much appreciated and it is absolutely vital for the quality of the conference GECCO-2007 welcomed two new tracks: one on Generative and Developmental Systems and another on Formal Theory. In addition to the presentation of the papers contained in these proceedings, GECCO-2007 also included 16 workshops, 41 free tutorials, a series of sessions on Evolutionary Computation in Practice, late-breaking papers, and awards in human-competitive results. The 21 track chairs deserve special thanks for their efforts in assembling their program committee, performing the paper assignments, and finally making the difficult acceptance or rejection decisions. Track chairs were not allowed to accept more than 50% of the track's submissions as full paper. This upper bound on the acceptance rate represents a healthy selection pressure in order to preserve the quality of the conference. In addition to the track chairs mentioned below a special word of thanks goes to Pat Cattolico whose help was invaluable for getting all the non-scientific issues right, and of course to Hod Lipson, the general chair of GECCO-2007
Normal Families Facing Unique Challenges: The Psychosocial Functioning of Multiracial Couples, Parents and Children

The number of interracial couples in the United States has increased rapidly since anti-miscegenation laws were repealed in 1967. Early stereotypes conceptualized interracial couples as pathological, highlighting the importance of research addressing the psychosocial functioning of these couples and multiracial families. This article provides a summary of research on the psychosocial functioning of interracial couples, multiracial children, and parent-child relationships in multiracial families. Results across these domains suggest that multiracial families are not pathological but rather that they are normal families faced with unique challenges. Counseling options to support multiracial families navigate such challenges are discussed. Themes emerging from research on the psychosocial functioning of multiracial families are identified and avenues for future research are suggested.
Small improving coalitions and small group effectiveness

Within the context of transferable utility (TU) games derived from cooperative pregames, this paper demonstrates the equivalence of two properties: Small group effectiveness – that all, or almost all gains to collective activities can be realized by cooperation only within relatively small groups of players. Small group effectiveness of improvement – that all or almost all improvement can be realized by relatively small groupsof players. With many players, small group effectiveness ensures that diverse economies, including those with local public goods, clubs, indivisibilities and non-monotonicities are competitive; there exists price-taking economic equilibrium and the outcomes in the core and of price-taking equilibrium are equivalent and have the equal-treatment property. The results of this paper thus show that small group effectiveness for improvement provides an alternative characterization of the conditions underlying perfect competition.
The Use, Design, Synthesis, and Properties of High Performance/High Temperature Polymers: An Overview

An overview of the definition and development of, factors that contribute to, applications and markets for and the design of high performance/high temperature polymers is presented. Of the many families of high performance/high temperature polymers known, the most popular families consisting of polyimides, polyarylene ethers and phenylethynyl-terninated oligomers are used to demonstrate the basic principles in polymer development. Chemical structure/property relationships are used to show how polymers can be designed with a unique combination of properties. The estimated worldwide market for high temperature polymers in 2000 was 206,700,000 kgs constituting $4.36B with polyimides comprising 3,982,000 kgs or $1 .07B (24% of the dollar value). With an improvement in the world economy, this market is predicted to grow substantially
Species relationship in the Pennisetum gene pool: enzyme polymorphism

Variation in leaf esterases (EST), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH), leucine aminopeptidase (AMP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is reported in the Pennisetum gene pool. In the primary gene pool, polymorphism for EST, AMP, SKDH was very high, as compared to the near-monomorphic isozymes of PGD. Two loci controlling leaf esterases Est-1 and Est-2, were identified in the primary gene pool. Differences in allelic frequency distribution of the polymorphic Est-1 locus occur between the cultivated and wild pearl millet. The prevalent alleles of Est-1 are absent in P. purpureum Schumach (secondary gene pool). A monomorphic band of the α-esterase-specific Est-2 locus was identified in most of the secondary gene pool accessions, P. squamulatum Fresen and an accession of P. pedicellatum. SKDH and EST revealed differences between most of the tertiary gene pool species. By contrast, a PGD zymogram was prevalent in several species of different sectional taxa. Gene duplication for PGD isozymes occurs in the diploid species, P. ramosum, of the tertiary gene pool. Heterodimers of PGD and EST were observed in the hybrid between pearl millet and P. squamulatum, whereas a monomeric structure characterized SKDH and AMP.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF ROTAVIRUS TO ACQUIRED MONOSACCHARIDE INTROLERANCE (AMI) IN YOUNG INFANTS

THE RELATIONSHIP OF ROTAVIRUS TO ACQUIRED MONOSACCHARIDE INTROLERANCE (AMI) IN YOUNG INFANTS
The Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico

Using government documents, archives, and local histories, Simmons has painstakingly separated the often repeated and often incorrect hearsay from more accurate accounts of the Ute Indians.
Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents--XV. Anthralin and its oxidation product 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone.

— The photochemistry (Type I and II) of anthralin and its photo-oxidation product 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1,8-DHAQ) has been studied in ethanol, acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide using spin-trapping and direct detection of singlet oxygen (1O2) luminescence techniques. In ethanol, where it exists in its neutral form (AN), anthralin does not undergo either Type I or II reactions upon UV-irradiation. In contrast, irradiation of anthralin in acetonitrile, a solvent in which anthralin is partially converted to its corresponding mono-anion (AN), generates both superoxide and singlet oxygen. Irradiation of anthralin in dimethylsulfoxide, where the AN− form is present in substantial quantity, generates superoxide and solvent derived radicals but no detectable singlet oxygen. UV-irradiation of 1,8-DHAQ in ethanol and acetonitrile produces both superoxide and singlet oxygen in significant yields. In dimethylsulfoxide, on the other hand, only superoxide and solvent derived radicals are observed. The 1O2 quantum yield for AN− and 1,8-DHAQ in acetonitrile were determined to be 0.14 and 0.88 relative to rose bengal in the same solvent. These findings suggest that the AN photosensitization occurs via Type I and II pathways, is solvent dependent and involves AN− as well as its oxidation product 1,8-DHAQ, which is a more potent generator of both singlet oxygen and superoxide.
Pulmonary disease, associated with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

1) A series of 10 cases of the pulmonary complications associated with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas is reported. 2) It is a fairly common disease, and probably accounts for at least 4 per cent of all deaths in children. 3) A history of similar disease in siblings is fairly common. 4) The respiratory signs and symptoms soon dominate the clinical picture in this entity, and it should be suspected in any infant or young patient with steatorrhea and a chronic cough. 5) The differential diagnosis is made complete by the examination of the duodenal contents and the finding of an absent or minimal trypsin activity on repeated examinations. 6) Early recognition is important to prevent irreversible changes in the pulmonary tissue, and prognosis is improving with increased knowledge of the disease. In the present series of 10 cases seven are alive, and the treatment has been successful in six patients, only one patient having died since the use of antibiotics. 7) Paranasal sinusitis is usually an associated condition. 8) Because Stpahylococcus aureus is usually present in the respiratory secretions, penicillin by aerosol is the drug of choice, and streptomycin should be added if other pathogenic organisms which are penicillin-resistant replace the original invaders. Aureomycin and other antibiotics will probably soon have a place in the treatment of this disease. 9) Vigorous prophylaxis should be practiced against the common cold and its complications, and against other specific respiratory infections, especially measles and pertussis. The patients should be kept under constant supervision at all times.
Cytokines and prevention of infectious diseases in poultry: A review

Cytokines are soluble, low molecular weight polypeptides and glycopeptides produced by a broad range of cell types of haematopoietic and nonhaematopoietic origin that have suppressive or enhansive effects on cellular proliferation, differentiation, activation, and motility. Like hormones, cytokines mediate cellular responses through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activities. Both inflammatory responses and specific immune responses to invasive microbes, which were evolved to protect the host from pathogens, are controlled by a complex network of cytokines. As regulators of the initiation and maintenance of host defenses, cytokines ultimately determine the type of response generated and the effector mechanisms generated to mediate resistance. As effector molecules, cytokines are produced transiently and locally to control the amplitude and duration of the response. Likewise, excessive or insufficient production of a cytokine or cytokines may contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of disease. Therefore, cytokines play pivotal but paradoxical roles in both in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. The use of exogenous cytokines against infectious agents in poultry medicine has centered on: (a) their use as adjuvants for vaccines, (b) their direct effects on inducing protection against infections and/or the undesired effects of immune responses elicited by pathogens, and (c) their ability to stimulate the ontogeny and activation of neonatal host defenses. This monograph will review what has been reported about the use of cytokines in poultry in these three main areas.
Synthesis of Biotinylated c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP using Click Conjugation

The biotinylated c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP conjugates 10a/b were synthesized by a straightforward set of procedures from standard, commercially available phosphoramidites. Their availability should allow isolation and characterization of new protein and RNA receptors for these key bacterial signaling molecules.
Spectroscopic studies on the binding of methylene blue with DNA by means of cyclodextrin supramolecular systems

Abstract The interaction of methylene blue (MB) with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was comparatively investigated in detail by spectrometric methods in different kinds of cyclodextrin (CD) systems. Absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and fluorescence polarization measurements indicated that the interaction mechanism of MB with DNA depended on the ratio (R) of the concentration of MB versus the concentration of ctDNA: intercalation into ctDNA base pairs at lower R value (R 0.125). It was shown that the binding of MB with DNA at higher R value was inhibited by the anion CD derivatives, e.g., carboxymethyl β-CD (CMCD) and sulfated β-CD (SCD), and whereas this inhibition effect from the neutral CD was negligible. The inhibition effect from anion CDs on the MB/DNA binding is accounted for the competition between the negatively charged group of CMCD or SCD and the phosphate backbone (also negatively charged) of the DNA molecules, when these CDs and DNA molecules coexist with MB molecules. As a contrast, at lower R values, neutral as well as anion CDs were found to have similar effects on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of MB–ctDNA system, implying that different binding mechanism will be applied at low concentration ratio of MB/ctDNA. The corresponding intrinsic binding constants for these complexes were obtained by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopic methods, respectively.
Catalytic asymmetric vinylation of ketone enolates.

A protocol for the catalytic asymmetric vinylation of ketone enolates has been developed. Key to the success of this process was the development of new electron-rich chiral monodentate ligands.
Computerization as a Predominate Technology: Its Influence on the Structure of Newspaper Organizations

Newspaper organizations were examined for the influence of computerization, when viewed as the predominate organizational technology, on the locus of decision making and division of labor. The rela...
A new chromatographic method for the fractionation of hyaluronic acid

Sodium hyaluronate from rooster comb, umbilical cord, bovine vitreous and a special commercial hyaluronic acid preparation, "HealonR" have been fractionated at 4 degrees C on DEAE-Sephacel columns using salt gradients from 0 leads to 0.4M NaCl. All samples examined displayed a high degree of polydispersity. The number of well separated fractions observed in these chromatograms ranges from 10-30 depending on the source of the material. A molecular weight distribution effect does not seem to be the main factor controlling this fractionation as no differences could be observed when the limiting viscosity numbers (eta) for numerous fractions isolated from the same sample were compared with each other. As no galactosamine, sulfate or phosphate is found directly linked to these fractions, it is suggested that disaggregation of an hyaluronate molecular aggregate could be the basis for this fractionation.
The LM6000 Gas Turbine as a Mechanical Drive Power Source

The LM6000 Gas Turbine was formally introduced at the IGTI Gas Turbine Conference in Brussels in 1990. It was immediately accepted for power generation/cogeneration applications; however, inquiries were received concerning the use of the LM6000 gas turbine for mechanical drive applications. These inquiries included the amount of power available with decreasing gas turbine speed, breakaway torque capability and resonant free operation over a broad speed range.This paper discusses the engineering studies performed to ensure that the LM6000 will be a suitable power source for mechanical drive applications in the 30–40 MW power range.Copyright © 1992 by ASME
Polarization diffusion and dielectric friction

Abstract Relaxation of nonequilibrium polarization fields in dielectrics is usually theoretically treated solely in terms of the reorientational motion of the polar molecules. If, however, the translational diffusion of these molecules is also taken into account, dielectric relaxation is accelerated. This results in the lowering of the dielectric friction that retards the motion of an ion or dipole in a dielectric. This reduction in dielectric friction is here calculated for two models: a time-dependent dipole at the center of a sphere, and a moving charge on the axis of a cylinder, each immersed in a dielectric. A parameter measuring the relative importance of rotation and diffusion is identified, and a substantial lowering of the dielectric friction is implied in many situations. It is shown that the boundary conditions play a decisive role in the properties of the fields. Directions for a further development of the theory of polarization diffusion are indicated.
Photodissociation of LiFH and NaFH van der Waals complexes: A semiclassical trajectory study

The photodissociation of Li⋯FH and Na⋯FH van der Waals complexes is studied using Tully’s fewest-switches surface-hopping and the natural decay of mixing semiclassical trajectory methods for coupled-state dynamics. The lifetimes of the predissociated excited-state complex (exciplex), as well as the branching ratio into reactive and nonreactive arrangements and the internal energy distribution of the products are reported at several excitation energies. The semiclassical trajectory methods agree with each other only qualitatively, and the results are strongly dependent on the choice of electronic representation. In general, the lifetime of the LiFH exciplex is shorter and less dependent on the excitation energy than the lifetime of the NaFH exciplex. The semiclassical dynamics of LiFH and NaFH are interpreted in terms of the features of their coupled potential energy surfaces.
Let the dead speak! Mobility, visibility and (in)security in Qatar

This short piece argues that the bodies of migrant labourers are often invisible in discussions of security. When they are visibilized, they are placed in global economic and other narratives that identify them in specific ways (‘a good worker’, ‘provider of remittances’, etc.). By providing a brief glimpse into the lives (and deaths) of Nepali migrant workers, this paper argues that is it in death and via their dead bodies that migrant workers might be able to question the structures of power that sustain the global economic system. Their intervention comes about only if/when they are not living. As such, the paper asks us to rethink our ways of conceptualizing and narrating mobility and (in)security.
Experimental segregation profiles in bubbling gas‐fluidized beds

Species segregation measurements were performed in a fluidized bed composed of a binary, Geldart B mixture. Three system types were explored: size segregation, density segregation, and combined size/density segregation (with the smaller species denser and lighter). Glass and polystyrene mixtures were investigated, at various gas velocity, jetsam concentration, particle-size ratio, particle-density ratio, and bed-aspect ratio combinations. Axial and radial segregation profiles were obtained from frozen bed sectioning. Low-velocities were used in order to minimize the possibility of segregation during bed collapse. In size-segregating systems, coarse particles act as jetsam, with a nearly constant concentration of fines in the flotsam-rich section. For density segregation, heavier particles act as jetsam and segregation behavior is not monotonically dependent on bed composition. A slight radial segregation was observed at all gas velocities, with jetsam accumulating near the wall. In size-and-density-segregating systems, denser particles (smaller and lighter) act as jetsam, with a slightly higher jetsam accumulation near the core of the bed. At higher gas velocities, however, the bottom layers become richer in jetsam in the periphery. Collectively, the data provide a robust experimental data set for evaluating the ability of existing and new models to predict species segregation. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
A Validation Study of the Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy in Diabetes Scale (SKILLD)

BACKGROUND In 2005 the Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy in Diabetes scale (SKILLD) was introduced as a diabetes knowledge test. The SKILLD has not been validated since its introduction.
A Test of English Sentence Production for Persons with Aphasia

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the assessment review by Wilshire, C. E., Lukkien, C. C., and Burmester, B. R. (2014). The sentence production test for aphasia. Aphasiology, 28(6), 658–691.
A promoter of pBR322 activated by cAMP receptor protein

We have demonstrated in vitro the existence on the plasmid pBR322 of a promoter signal that is strictly dependent on cAMP and its receptor protein CRP. Transcription initiates with pppG at nucleotide 2270 and proceeds counterclockwise on the standard pBR322 map. DNase protection studies show that CRP selectively binds to the -35 region of the promoter. This region exhibits strong structural homologies to the binding sites of other CRP-dependent promoters.
Selective mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide induction of apoptosis in differentiating B lymphocytes compared to T lymphocytes in vivo.

Differentiating B and T lymphocytes differ in sensitivity to a number of environmental toxins and anticancer agents. B lymphocytes are susceptible and T lymphocytes resistant to killing by cyclophosphamide (Cy) metabolites capable of forming DNA interstrand cross-links. However, the mechanisms responsible for the rapid killing and loss of bursal-resident B lymphocytes are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the cellular mechanisms of selective toxicity of two cross-linking drugs, mitomycin C (MMC) and Cy, towards differentiating B and T lymphocyte populations using the chicken embryo model system. Viability of bursal-resident B lymphocytes (bursacytes) decreased starting at 5 h post exposure (PE) to MMC, and was maximally reduced by 71.6% by 10 h PE at the highest dose examined (9.0 μg MMC/g). Dose-dependent increases in the percentage of apoptotic bursacytes were observed as early as 5 h PE, and increased to 72% by 10 h PE. This was accompanied by reductions in bursacyte numbers. Cy also induced apoptosis in bursacytes. In contrast, thymus-resident lymphocytes (thymocytes) were much more resistant to the toxic effects of MMC and Cy. Viability of thymocytes was reduced by only 10% in the 9.0 μg/g MMC treatment group. In addition, the percentage of thymocytes engaged in apoptosis was much lower than that for bursacytes. MMC induced modest cell cycle inhibition in bursacytes and thymocytes. These data strongly suggest that MMC- and Cy-induced diferential toxicity involves primarily early and extensive triggering of apoptosis in differentiating B lymphocytes, leading to rapid reduction of lymphocyte numbers in the embryonic bursa.
Ofatumumab in rituximab-refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report and review of literature.

Clinical Practice Points Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in the Western world and usually affects individuals older than the age of 65. The main clinical manifestations are lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypogammaglobinemia, and autoimmune disorders including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells aberrantly coexpress CD5 (a T-cell marker) andCD19 andCD23 (B-cell markers) and they have low-level expression of CD20. Despite advancements in molecular characterization and treatment strategies, CLL remains incurable and most patients do relapse despite chemotherapy. Currently the fludarabine, cyclophosphomide, and rituximab regimen seems to be the best regimen in terms of prolonging survival and maintaining diseasefree progression in untreated and relapsed cases. In relapsed cases, rituximab (a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20) monotherapy has been used because of its low adverse effect profile and has been reported to show significantly long response duration in patients after fludarabine induction. Rituximab has been used to treat autoimmune complications of CLL, such as AIHA. Recently, ofatumumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, that targets a unique epitope on the CD20 molecule that differs from the one targeted by rituximab, has been approved in treatment of fludarabine-refractory CLL. Here we report a case of a 70-year-old woman with the diagnosis of CLL who developed AIHA that was refractory to steroids and rituximab, yet had complete resolution of the hemolysis after ofatumumab treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of ofatumumab for the treatment of AIHA.
Determination of surface step distributions on Ge using RHEED

Abstract The overwhelming feature of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is its extreme sensitivity to atomic steps at a surface. These steps dominate the characteristic shape of the diffracted beams and in epitaxy contribute to the time dependence of the diffracted intensity. We distinguish between two types of stepped surfaces: low-index surfaces and vicinal surfaces. A low-index surface consists of islands and islands on top of islands on top of an otherwise featureless plane. The distribution of islands on each level can be different. A vicinal surface is a surface which has been cut slightly off a low-index plane and consists of a staircase of terraces. It is easiest to treat the case where the distribution of islands on each level is identical. The diffraction from a low-index surface characteristically has a central spike due to the long-range order and a broad component due to the step disorder. The relative magnitude of these two components depends primarily on the glancing angle of incidence. A vicinal surface gives split diffracted beams, which depend more on azimuthal angle of incidence. Vicinal surfaces provide and operational measure of the coherence length of the diffractometer corresponding to the smallest observable misorientation. For our instrument, this is about 8000 A. Once these characteristic shapes are understood one can determine the distribution of steps on a surface if certain stochastic assumptions are made.
A study of the reaction of O(3P) with ethylene

Absolute rate coefficients for the reaction of O(3P) with C2H4 (k1) and C2D4 (k2) were measuredover the temperature range of 298 to 940 K, using the technique of flash photolysis—resonance fluorescence. The measured bimolecular rate coefficients increase monotonically with temperature. k1(T) is seen to exhibit a recognizable curvature in its Arrhenius plot. At 800 K, H atoms were detected as being a product of reaction (1). Kinetics and mechanistic information derived from these measurements are discussed.
Interhemispheric spread of drug-induced electrical cortical activity

Abstract Drugs injected into the carotid circulation of the cat reach only the ipsilateral cerebral cortex. Using this method, the EEG effects of unilateral application of Metrazol (pentylenetetrazol) and barbiturates were studied. With doses which had no effect when given i.v., it was found that the effects of barbiturates, namely synchronization and even depression of cortical activity, were limited to the side of the injection. On the other hand, Metrazol activity spread immediately to the other hemisphere to produce symmetrical seizure. However, the subsequent post-ictal depression appeared only on the injected side. Section of the corpus callosum completely abolished the interhemispheric spread of Metrazol seizure activity. The results were interpreted to indicate that the spread of Metrazol seizure is a cortical process via transcallosal fibers, in which subcortical structures do not participate. The “secondary” or “mirror” epileptiform activity in the non-injected hemisphere apparently is very similar to the “primary” activity in the injected side. However, it can be distinguished from the “primary” discharge by its not being followed by post-ictal depression. Drug-induced impairment of the normal cortical rhythm in one hemisphere, other than epileptiform activity, does not spread to the other hemisphere, and the symmetry of the normal EEG would seem to depend on the connections of both hemispheres to a “centrencephalic pacemaker” rather than on the interhemispheric connections.
Water Structure at the Air−Aqueous Interface of Divalent Cation and Nitrate Solutions†

The water surface structure of aqueous magnesium, calcium, and strontium nitrate solutions with six to seven water molecules on average solvating each ion was investigated using vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy. Raman (polarized) and infrared spectroscopies were used for understanding solvation effects. Infrared reflection spectra were analyzed to further understand the VSFG data. The VSFG spectral changes indicate that the divalent countercation species play a key role in the surface perturbation of the water. In addition, the data show that the solvated ions, and possibly their ion pairs, approach the aqueous surface. The identity of the divalent cation may cause a difference in the concentration gradient near the surface, thereby increasing the VSFG-active region, which then indicates an increase in the interfacial depth. The interface becomes thickened with Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Sr2+. The free OH orientation measured from the surface normal from the salt solutions changes from 33 (from...
Influence of Dairy Proteins on Aspartame Stability in the pH 6–7 Range

The effect of three commercial milk protein products on aspartame degradation was studied as a function of temperature (4, 30, 70, 80°C), pH (6 and 7), phosphate buffer concentration (0.01 M/L, 0.1 M/L) and protein (0–3%). Caseinates significantly decreased the pseudo-first order loss rate at low buffer concentration and higher temperature (70–80°C), whereas the rate was faster in the presence of a casein/ whey mixture. At high buffer concentration, the loss rate was not affected by protein. The protective effect may have been due to either a buffering capacity decrease caused by a protein/aspartame interaction that lowered pH or some unknown protein interaction. At 4 and 30°C, the loss rate was not affected by calcium caseinate.
Is there a gender gap in school travel? An examination of US children and adolescents

Abstract Previous research on school travel showed an inconsistent relationship between sex and the prevalence of walking or biking to school. Some studies found that males were more likely to use active transport modes, but other research found no association between sex and school travel. This study used data from the 1977, 1983, 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2009 US National Household Travel Surveys to examine sex differences in school travel and how they have changed over time. The analysis showed that males walked to and from school more than females, though differences were modest – between 1% and 2% points – and were statistically significant only in 1990. In contrast, males biked to school two to three times more than females. These modal differences may result from females’ observed lower levels of independent mobility. Policy interventions, such as the Safe Routes to School program, can address gender differences by providing programs such as the Walking School Bus that provide adult supervision on the school trip. Bicycle interventions should ensure that females are participating in the programs.
Magnetic Damping of Rotation of Satellite 1958β2

From over 200 observations of the decreasing spin rate of Vanguard I made during the year since its launching, eddy-current induction theory yields 0.115 ± 0.001 gauss as the mean magnetic field normal to the spin axis of the satellite. This measured value agrees with that deduced from Bauer's model of the earth's dipole field.
Three-dimensional compressible boundary layer calculations to fourth order accuracy on wings and fuselages

Laminar flow control and drag reduction research requires accurate boundary layer solutions as input to the three-dimensional stability analysis procedures currently under development. In support of these major programs, a fourth-order accurate finite difference scheme for solving the three-dimensional, compressible boundary layer equations has been developed and is presented in this paper. The method employs a two-point scheme in the wall normal direction and second order zigzag scheme in the cross flow direction. Accurate procedures to interface with the inviscid results are also presented. The results of applying the procedure to laminar flow on wings and fuselages are presented.