cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactivating Fetal Hemoglobin Expression in Human Adult Erythroblasts Through BCL11A Knockdown Using Targeted Endonucleases

We examined the efficiency, specificity, and mutational signatures of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 systems designed to target the gene encoding the transcriptional repressor BCL11A, in human K562 cells and human CD34+ progenitor cells. ZFNs and TALENs were delivered as in vitro transcribed mRNA through electroporation; CRISPR/Cas9 was codelivered by Cas9 mRNA with plasmid-encoded guideRNA (gRNA) (pU6.g1) or in vitro transcribed gRNA (gR.1). Analyses of efficacy revealed that for these specific reagents and the delivery methods used, the ZFNs gave rise to more allelic disruption in the targeted locus compared to the TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9, which was associated with increased levels of fetal hemoglobin in erythroid cells produced in vitro from nuclease-treated CD34+ cells. Genome-wide analysis to evaluate the specificity of the nucleases revealed high specificity of this specific ZFN to the target site, while specific TALENs and CRISPRs evaluated showed off-target cleavage activity. ZFN gene-edited CD34+ cells had the capacity to engraft in NOD-PrkdcSCID-IL2Rγnull mice, while retaining multi-lineage potential, in contrast to TALEN gene-edited CD34+ cells. CRISPR engraftment levels mirrored the increased relative plasmid-mediated toxicity of pU6.g1/Cas9 in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), highlighting the value for the further improvements of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery in primary human HSPCs.
Transformation electromagnetics enabled lens design with surrogate-assisted global optimization

A gradient index lens is designed by utilizing quasi-conformal transformation electromagnetics (QCTEM) to define the index distribution in a rotationally symmetric lens. The smooth and continuous nature of QCTEM is investigated and an analytical surrogate model is trained to replace the computationally intensive QCTEM procedure and ray trace simulations. The surrogate model is then incorporated into an optimization strategy which is able to converge to an optimal design in substantially fewer function evaluations than a traditional global optimization scheme.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of Day 3 single embryo transfer with adjunctive time-lapse selection versus Day 5 single embryo transfer with or without adjunctive time-lapse selection

STUDY QUESTION Compared to D5 selection with conventional morphology (CM), does adjunctive use of the Eeva™ test on D3 or D5 improve the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per transfer? SUMMARY ANSWER The evidence is insufficient to conclude that adjunctive use of the Eeva™ test on D3 or D5 improves CPR per transfer as compared to D5 selection with CM. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Time-lapse imaging is increasingly used for embryo selection, despite there being no class I data to support its clinical application. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Pilot randomized controlled trial included 163 patients from August 2014 to February 2016. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Patients up to age 41 years with a planned fresh autologous single embryo transfer (SET), less than four prior oocyte retrievals, and four or more zygotes were blocked according to age (<35, 35-37, 38-40 years) and randomized to one of three study arms: (1) D3 SET + EevaTM, (2) D5 SET + Eeva™ or (3) D5 SET with CM alone. All embryos were cultured in the same time-lapse system under identical conditions. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and as-treated analyses of the primary endpoint (CPR at 7 weeks) and secondary endpoint (ongoing pregnancy rate at 12 weeks) were performed. Multivariate regression analyses adjusted for patient age and ICSI. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of 478 eligible patients, 217 consented and 163 were randomized. Demographic characteristics were similar among the three study arms. There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rate or the ongoing pregnancy rate between the study arms for either the ITT or as-treated analyses (CPR ITT: D3 + Eeva™: 41.1% vs. D5 + Eeva™: 38.9% vs. D5 CM: 49.1%). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was designed as a pilot randomized controlled trial and was not powered to detect a statistically significant difference at α < 0.05. Importantly, the study was terminated prematurely by the sponsor due to a change in funding priorities, so the sample size is limited and the results should be interpreted with caution due to the role of chance. Furthermore, these findings may not be generalizable to other time-lapse systems. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings do not support the clinical application of these time-lapse markers. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by Progyny, Inc. There are no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02218255. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 14 August 2014. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT'S ENROLLMENT 3 September 2014.
Evaluation of resonance acoustic mixing technology using ultra high performance concrete

Abstract This study presents an investigation on the mixing efficiency of Resonance Acoustic Mixing (RAM) Technology® using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). In the first part, RAM is optimized through acceleration curve profiles, specific mixing energy, and workability spread flow tests. In the second part, RAM is compared with a regular table top paddle mixer with regards to its effects on workability and flow, as well as, compressive and flexural strength properties. For the UHPC used in this study results showed that: 1) RAM was a viable mixing technology for UHPC, and 2) RAM produced samples of reduced rheological properties, but increased mechanical properties compared to a table top paddle mixer.
RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN PLASMA B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE LEVELS ACCORDING TO HEART FAILURE STATUS

Natriuretic peptides (NP) are cardio-protective hormones. Relative NP deficiencies are associated with adverse cardiometabolic health. Conflicting data exist regarding whether black or white individuals have lower NP levels, and whether this differs by the presence of heart failure (HF). We compared
Spinal manipulative therapy reduces peripheral neuropathic pain in the rat.

Spinal manipulative therapy, including low-velocity variable-amplitude spinal manipulation (LVVA-SM), relieves chronic low back pain, especially in patients with neuropathic radiating leg pain following peripheral nervous system insult. Understanding the underlying analgesic mechanisms requires anim
Zull, J. E. (2002). The Art of Changing The Brain: Enriching The Practice of Teaching by Exploring The Biology of Learning

(2009). Zull, J. E. (2002). The Art of Changing The Brain: Enriching The Practice of Teaching by Exploring The Biology of Learning. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 181-181.
The methionine and cystine content of hen's eggs.

At the 1941 annual meeting of t,he American Society of Biological Chemists, one of us presented evidence that the amino acid composition of the egg may be influenced by feeding the hen a diet rich in protein (1). We now offer experimental results showing how the methionine and cystine content of the egg can be changed by varying the protein in the hen’s diet according to its high or low methionine content. McFarlane, Fulmer, and Jukes (2) found no changes in the amino acid composition of the egg proteins when they varied the basal diet of the hens from 10 to 16 per cent crude protein. A higher protein supplement, as a dietary influence would have been more appropriate to test the constancy of the amino acid composition of the egg proteins. r’alvery and Titus (3) did not observe any change in the amino nitrogen distribution in egg albumin and vitellin prepared from eggs laid by hens fed a diet in which the protein n-as furnished exclusively by wheat, corn, or soy bean. Similar feeding experiments were carried out with pigeons by Gerber and Carr (4). They observed differences in the N distribution in the egg proteins (Van Slyke) and in the immunological behavior in rats sensitized to egg prot.eins. Their finding points to the probability of change in the amino acid composition of the egg protein induced by the ingestion of the various feeds. If the amino acid composition of the different egg proteins is considered constant, then an increase in an amino acid in the egg may mean that the protein content of the egg has increased or that the proportions of the various egg proteins have changed. An increase in total protein content would naturally bring about proportional increases in all of the amino acids, and the cystine-methionine ratio would not be changed. However, we will show that the cystine-methionine ratio does not remain constant and that the levels of these two amino acids are independent of the t.ot.al N in the wg. Variations in the protein components of egg white were noted by Longsworth, Cannan, and MacInnes (5). They found that the albumin content
Global Public Health: Winning the Fight

From the events that have unfolded during just the first decade of the new millennium – new and emerging disease threats, environmental disasters, increasing and shifting conflict and aggression, economic stress around the world – it is clear that we have much to attend to and even more to anticipate and understand. At the same time, we have seen advances in health and public health sciences, an energized culture of giving, and expanded activity by the citizen sector, all coupled with a new and transformative focus and level of action on advancing global public health.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury Caused by Kratom Use as an Alternative Pain Treatment Amid an Ongoing Opioid Epidemic:

Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa) is a prevalent medicinal plant used mainly for the stimulant and analgesic properties provided through multiple alkaloid compounds. Over the past decade, use of kratom has increased despite the limited knowledge of toxicities and adverse side effects. With the current opioid epidemic, both patients and providers are seeking alternative methods to treat both addiction and pain control, and kratom as an alternative means of treatment has increasingly entered the mainstream. In this article, we present the clinical course of a 47-year-old male who developed fatigue, pruritus, and abnormal liver tests (with a mixed hepatocellular/cholestatic pattern) approximately 21 days after beginning kratom. After extensive evaluation including a negligible alcohol history, negative hepatitis serologies, and inconclusive imaging, the patient was diagnosed with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by kratom. Nine months after his liver tests returned to normal, he took kratom again, and after a latency of 2 days, he developed fatigue, pruritus, and loss of appetite along with abnormal liver tests (with the same biochemical profile as previously), consistent with a positive rechallenge. We believe, through the use of the Roussel-Uclaf Causality Assessment Method and expert opinion, that this is a highly likely or definite example of kratom-induced DILI. With the gaining popularity of this drug, it appears that DILI may be an important complication of kratom for providers to recognize.
Central Sleep Apnea With Sodium Oxybate in a Pediatric Patient

A 12-year-old girl with normal neurodevelopment and narcolepsy type 1 presented with unexpected central apneas in response to sodium oxybate (SO). The patient underwent overnight polysomnography on...
Disability and Automation: The Promise of Cars that Automate Driving Functions

Automated vehicles present tremendous possibilities for people with disabilities. They also have the potential to open new legal challenges for antidiscrimination law, tort liability, and privacy considerations. The initial discussions of these vehicles have pointed out their potential significance for people with disabilities, while largely ignoring what they might mean for disability law. This Article sets out first steps on the inviting road ahead for people with disabilities as users of automated means of transport.
Field Expansion with Multiplexing Prism Glasses Improves Pedestrian Detection for Acquired Monocular Vision.

Purpose Patients with acquired monocular vision (AMV) lose vision in the temporal crescent on the side of the blind eye. This visual field loss affects patients' ability to detect potential hazards in the blind field. Mounting a base-in multiplexing prism (MxP) on the nasal side of the seeing eye can provide true field expansion and enable detection of potential collision hazards. We evaluated the efficacy of the MxP glasses in a virtual reality walking environment. Methods A three-dimensional printed clip-on MxP holder that can be adjusted for an individual user's facial parameters was developed. Virtual reality walking scenarios were designed to evaluate the effect of MxP field expansion on the detection of a pedestrian approaching from different initial bearing angles and courses. The pedestrian detection rates and response times of 10 participants with simulated AMV (normally sighted participants with one eye patched) and three patients with AMV were measured. Results The MxP provided true field expansion of about 25°. Participants performed significantly better with the MxP than without the MxP in the pedestrian detection task on their blind field, while their seeing field performance was not significantly different. Conclusions The MxP glasses for patients with AMV improved the detection of potential collision hazards in the blind field. Translational relevance The MxP with an adjustable clip-on holder may help patients with AMV to decrease the risk of collision with other pedestrians.
Network Alignment: Recent Advances and Future Directions

In the era of big data, networks are often from multiple sources such as the social networks of diverse platforms (e.g., Facebook, Twitter), protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of different tissues, transaction networks at multiple financial institutes and knowledge graphs derived from a variety of knowledge bases (e.g., DBpedia, Freebase, etc.). The very first step before exploring insights from these multi-sourced networks is to integrate and unify different networks. In general, network alignment is such a task that aims to uncover the correspondences among nodes across different graphs. The challenges of network alignment include: (1) the heterogeneity of the multi-sourced networks, e.g., different structural patterns, (2) the variety of the real-world networks, e.g., how to leverage the rich contextual information, and (3) the computational complexity. The goal of this tutorial is to (1) provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in network alignment, and (2) identify the open challenges and future trends. We believe this can be beneficial to numerous application problems, and attract both researchers and practitioners from both data mining area and other interdisciplinary areas. In particular, we start with introducing the backgrounds, problem definition and key challenges of network alignment. Next, our emphases will be on (1) the recent techniques on addressing network alignment problem and other related problems with a careful balance between the algorithms and applications, and (2) the open challenges and future trends.
Incorporating Multimodal Information in Open-Domain Web Keyphrase Extraction

Open-domain Keyphrase extraction (KPE) on the Web is a fundamental yet complex NLP task with a wide range of practical applications within the field of Information Retrieval. In contrast to other document types, web page designs are intended for easy navigation and information finding. Effective designs encode within the layout and formatting signals that point to where the important information can be found. In this work, we propose a modeling approach that leverages these multi-modal signals to aid in the KPE task. In particular, we leverage both lexical and visual features (e.g., size, font, position) at the micro-level to enable effective strategy induction and meta-level features that describe pages at a macro-level to aid in strategy selection. Our evaluation demonstrates that a combination of effective strategy induction and strategy selection within this approach for the KPE task outperforms state-of-the-art models. A qualitative post-hoc analysis illustrates how these features function within the model.
Beyond Color Glass Condensate: particle production at both low and high transverse momenta

Abstract We propose a new formalism for particle production in high energy collisions including both gluon saturation and large x gluons in the target.
Are All Interim CEOs Created Equal? Evidence from Investor Perceptions and CEO Behavior

I examine the market perception of different types of interim CEO successions as well as CEO behavior of different types of interim CEOs. Using a hand-collected dataset, I find that there are two types of interim CEOs: aspiring and place-holding. I find that the market perceives the appointment of place-holding interim CEOs as bad news and the appointment of aspiring interim CEOs as similar to the appointment of permanent CEOs. I further study actions taken by interim CEOs and do not find evidence that aspiring interim CEOs act myopically. Rather they appear to invest more in discretionary expenses, such as research and development, which suggests that they focus on increasing long-term shareholder value. Thus, market expectations of aspiring interim CEOs are in line with CEO behavior. In addition, analysis of CEO effort suggests that place-holding interim CEOs exert less effort than permanent CEOs. Specifically, I find preliminary evidence that they issue less accurate forecasts. Overall, this paper provides initial evidence consistent with career concerns of interim CEOs resulting in different CEO behavior.
Evolution of δ ferrite in a CF3 cast stainless steel upon neutron irradiation to 3, 5, 10, 20, and 40 dpa

Abstract The microstructural evolution of delta ferrite in a CF3 cast stainless steel irradiated to 3, 5, 10, 20, and 40 dpa with two dose rates was studied with atom probe tomography (APT) and transmission electron microscopy. Spinodal decomposition and G-phase precipitates induced by neutron irradiation and thermal aging were quantified systematically. The neutron irradiation significantly enhances the spinodal decomposition in delta ferrite as both the spinodal wavelength (i.e. a characteristic repeat distance) and amplitude (i.e. magnitude of elemental concentration fluctuation) increase after irradiation. The wavelength only varies slightly when the dose increases from 5 to 40 dpa, while the amplitude increases dramatically from 10 to 20 dpa and starts to saturate before 20 dpa. The dose rate and irradiation temperature also have a notable effect on the spinodal wavelength and amplitude. The study shows that higher dose rate promotes a larger wavelength at given irradiation doses. Regarding the G-phase precipitates, a slightly lower irradiation temperature would result in a smaller mean size of G-phase precipitates, while a lower irradiation dose rate would lead to a larger G-phase precipitates at a given temperature and dose. Overall, the spinodal decomposition and G-phase precipitates in the delta ferrite continue to evolve with the increasing dose beyond 10 dpa. This study confirms that the formation of G-phase precipitates at the interdomain region between alpha and alpha-prime is facilitated by the Si and Mo atoms rejected from Fe rich alpha phase and the Ni and Mn atoms rejected from Cr rich alpha-prime phase. Neutron irradiation plays a dominant role in the ferrite instability, and the effect of prior thermal aging at 400°C for 10,000 hours is negligible as the dose is 3 dpa and above.
TRAQ Changes: Improving the Measurement of Transition Readiness by the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire.

Abstract Objective The purpose of the current study was improving the measurement precision of the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ 5.0–20 item) in order to gain better decimation of transition readiness skills across the 5 Stages of Change–from Precontemplation to Mastery. Methods In stage 1, starting with the TRAQ 5.0 20-item, 5 domain subscale questionnaire, we eliminated the five lowest discriminating items using Item response theory (IRT) in MPlus v7.4,which eliminated the domain subscale Managing Daily Activities, and we e added 15 more difficult and better discriminating items. We added items to both to the remaining 4 domain subscales and created a new domain subscale entitled Future Planning. The revised 30-item TRAQ was piloted among 386 youth between 16 and 24 years old (mean = 20 years; 54% female; 87% White). Results After examining the model fit, discrimination and difficulty coefficients, and modification indices, we eliminated 10 items and the new Future Planning domain subscale we eliminated. The resulting questionnaire has 4 domain subscales and 20 items. It exhibited good to excellent fit to the data, χ2(164) = 887.239, p Conclusions The revised 20-itemTRAQ 6.0 has 4 domains subscales; Managing medications, keeping appointment, tracking health issues, and Talking with providers and has good construct validity as demonstrated by model fit. By adding more difficult items to the 4 resulting domain subscales, we have demonstrated improved item discrimination and difficulty, and therefore can better measure acquisition of transition readiness skills across the five stages of change from pre-contemplation to contemplation to initiation to action and finally to mastery.
Accounting for Product Impact in the Telecommunications Industry

We apply the product impact measurement framework of the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative (IWAI) in two competitor companies within the telecommunications industry. We design a monetization methodology that allows us to calculate monetary impact estimates of network efficiency, rural service provision, and connectivity, among other factors. Our results indicate substantial differences in the impact that competitors have through their products. These differences demonstrate how impact reflects corporate strategy and informs decision-making on industry-specific areas, including service provision geographies.
Stress and the Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for Cancer, Inflammation and Sepsis.

ABSTRACT Background The gut-brain axis has been discussed, directly or indirectly, for centuries, with the ideas of the gut affecting anything from moods to overall physiology being discussed across the centuries. With a recent explosion in research that looks to the microbiota as a mechanistic link between the gut and the brain, one sees that the gut-brain axis has various means of communication, such as through the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system and can use the metabolites in the gut to communicate to the brain. Methods The purpose of this review is to view the gut-brain axis through the lens of stress and how stress, from the prenatal period all the way through adulthood can impact the physiology of a human being. Studies have shown multiple mechanisms of measurable change with disruption in the microbiota that lead to behavioral changes. There are also effects of gut inflammation on the brain and the corresponding systemic response observed. Conclusion The overall literature is encouraging that the more understanding of the gut-brain axis, the greater ability to wield that understanding for therapeutic benefits.
Solidification Path, Microstructure, and Weldability Differences Between Fe-Based Superalloy A286 and an Experimental γ′ Strengthened TRIP Steel

MODTRIP-130, a recently designed steel adapted from the composition of superalloy A286, utilizes γ′ precipitation and the transformation induced plasticity effect to achieve high strength and toughness for a potential fit in defense applications. To be viable in this role, candidate alloys must also have good weldability. Varestraint testing, microstructural characterization, electron probe microanalysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were performed on MODTRIP-130 and A286 to characterize the solidification path and weldability of the alloys, and to compare variations in behavior induced by the differences in composition. While both alloys were highly susceptible to solidification cracking, MODTRIP-130 exhibited slightly increased cracking susceptibility. Characterization of solute partition coefficients and the evolving liquid composition during solidification revealed similar Ti and Si segregation, which caused TiC and Laves formation in both materials. Significant partitioning of Ni, and higher nominal concentrations of Ti and Al, caused the formation of an additional Ni-Al rich phase in MODTRIP-130. This correlated with an increased amount of residual liquid stabilized at the end of solidification and an increase in the fraction of secondary phases in MODTRIP-130 that exacerbated cracking susceptibility, despite its smaller solidification temperature range of 249 °C compared to 331 °C measured in A286.
Usability Evaluation of Music Applications for Stress Reduction.

People use music applications to provide comfort and to help keep their minds relaxed and stress-free . During times of reduced social activity, with corresponding increases in social distancing for health and public safety, many people face high levels of anxiety, loneliness, depression, and stress. Music applications can relive these concerns, by providing access to personal music libraries. However, many users make mistakes while using music applications. These mistakes include not noticing an element, taking a long time to complete a specific task, or failing to complete a task altogether. This can make the product difficult to use and challenging to learn, while failing to provide a pleasant, enjoyable experience. In this research, a comparative analysis was conducted with 20 users between 18–24 years old to investigate the interface design and functionality of the Spotify and Apple Music using human computer interaction methods and tools. The findings indicate the differences and similarities between the two user interfaces, indicating which music application platform provides a better user experience, particularly for users seeking stress reduction.
Comparing the Views of Girls and Boys

Sexting is a term imposed on young people from the outside. From an insider’s perspective, youth describe sexting as a range of practices in which intimate relationships, desire, and sexuality are expressed. Just as with sex, sexting (sexual selfies or texts with sexual expressions) serves many purposes in the pursuit of engagement with a person of interest, and our participants described many kinds of motivations and scenarios in which sexually oriented texts or photos might be exchanged one-to-one, or, in less fortunate episodes, broadcast widely.
CHEMICAL DISSOLUTION AND IN VITRO RECONSTRUCTION OF SPONGE CELL ADHESIONS. I. ISOLATION AND FUNCTIONAL DEMONSTRATION OF THE COMPONENTS INVOLVED.

Abstract The purpose of this work was to study the mechanism of cell adhesion using aggregation of dissociated sponge cells as the experimental system. A method of chemical dissociation was developed for marine sponges using cold calcium- and magnesium-free sea water. The viable, single cells resulting from this dissociation were able to aggregate and develop into functional sponges. Rotation-mediated aggregation was used to study various aspects of the aggregation of sponge cells. Using these techniques, a specific requirement for the divalent cations calcium and magnesium was established for sponge cell adhesion. Low temperature was found to inhibit adhesion of chemically dissociated cells even when the divalent cations were added back to the cells. Mechanically dissociated cells aggregated rapidly at low temperatures. This difference was shown to be due to a factor released into the supernatant during chemical dissociation of sponge tissue. When this factor was added back to the chemically dissociated cells along with divalent cations, they adhered rapidly at low temperatures. This factor was species specific, causing adhesion only of cells from the same species. These results were interpreted to indicate that the sponge cell adhesion was composed of three basic components: the cell surface, divalent cations, and an intercellular material. These components had been separated during chemical dissociation and were capable of spontaneously and species specifically reassembling themselves to rerorm an apparently normal cell adhesion. The implications of these results for models of cell adhesion are discussed.
Genetic depletion of brain 5HT reveals a common molecular pathway mediating compulsivity and impulsivity

Neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by behavioral disinhibition, including disorders of compulsivity (e.g. obsessive-compulsive disorder; OCD) and impulse-control (e.g. impulsive aggression), are severe, highly prevalent and chronically disabling. Treatment options for these diseases are extremely limited. The pathophysiological bases of disorders of behavioral disinhibition are poorly understood but it has been suggested that serotonin dysfunction may play a role. Mice lacking the gene encoding brain tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2-/-), the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin, were tested in numerous behavioral assays that are well known for their utility in modeling human neuropsychiatric diseases. Mice lacking Tph2 (and brain 5HT) show intense compulsive and impulsive behaviors to include extreme aggression. The impulsivity is motor in form and not cognitive because Tph2-/- mice show normal acquisition and reversal learning on a spatial learning task. Restoration of 5HT levels by treatment of Tph2-/- mice with its immediate precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan attenuated compulsive and impulsive-aggressive behaviors. Surprisingly, in Tph2-/- mice, the lack of 5HT was not associated with anxiety-like behaviors. The results indicate that 5HT mediates behavioral disinhibition in the mammalian brain independent of anxiogenesis.
Can Fostering Children's Ability to Challenge Sexism Improve Critical Analysis, Internalization, and Enactment of Inclusive, Egalitarian Peer Relationships?

Elementary school-age children (N = 137, 70 boys, ages 4–10) were randomly assigned to receive one of two types of lessons aimed at increasing the inclusiveness of peer relations and improving children's ability to identify bias in media. Children in the pro-social condition were taught to identify and respond to undesirable/unfair social behaviors (e.g., teasing), whereas children in the pro-egalitarian condition were taught to respond to these same behaviors, with additional attention to gender bias (e.g., teasing about gender role nonconformity). After five lessons, children completed immediate and 6-month delayed measures of egalitarian attitudes, intergroup liking, responses to hypothetical peers’ sexist remarks, and ability to identify sexism in media. The lessons did not differentially affect children's gender egalitarian attitudes and intergroup liking. As expected, however, children in the pro-egalitarian condition were better able to identify sexism in media and to respond to peers’ sexist comments than were children in the pro-social condition.
The Conundrum of Reform: A Comparative Analysis:

Despite obvious cross-national political and cultural differences, civil service reform policies exhibit strong similarities. An examination of reform efforts in the United States, the United Kingd...
Dynamic Surface Tension of Solutions of Surfactant Mixtures

Abstract A quantitative theory of the dynamic surface tension for 2 multicomponent mixture of surfactants obeying the Langmuir adsorption isotherms with constant diffusion coefficients in the bulk and in the adsorbed layer is developed for diffusion-controlled and diffusion-convective-controlled adsorption models. The effect of the mutual diffusion in the adsorbed layer and the effect of the convective transfer are estimated in an analytical form for the short-time and long-time approximations. It is concluded that the dynamic surface tension can be described by the diffusion-convective-controlled model. It is shown that the equation F (γ( t )) = log[(γ o - γ( t ))/(γ( t ) - γ e )] = n log ( t / t rel ) is valid over a wide range of time for the multicomponent mixture of surfactants. Because the diffusion-controlled and diffusion-convective-controlled adsorption models are shown to be asymptotical correlation n equals one-half. Simple formulae are derived to calculate the parameters n and t rel and the dynamic surface tension over a wide range of time for adsorption isotherms of multicomponent mixtures obeying the Langmuir adsorption isotherms.
Absorption of Physiologic Doses of Folic Acid in Subjects with Tropical Sprue Responding to Tetracycline Therapy

The response to therapy with oral tetracycline has been assessed in three subjects with tropical sprue, all of whom presented with a megaloblastic anemia due to combined folate and vitamin B12 deficiency, and all of whom were shown to have normal absorption prior to treatment of a physiologic dose of 25 µg. of folic acid, as tested by assay of the fecal excretion of a tritium-labeled test dose. Treatment was associated with clinical and intestinal improvement and a hematologic response in all three subjects. The serum folate concentration rose to normal in one subject and the absorption of a pharmacologic dose of folic acid was normal when tested by microbiologic assay at the termination of the 20 day treatment period in all three. In contrast, both the absorption and serum concentrations of vitamin B12 remained subnormal. These observations confirm the fact that folate deficiency can be present in some subjects with tropical sprue in whom the absorption of a physiologic dose of folic acid is normal. They suggest that in this circumstance folate repletion and the hematologic response secondary to tetracycline therapy in tropical sprue is mediated by a factor other than the absorption of crystalline folic acid; it is likely that this factor is increased absorption of dietary polyglutamate forms of folate.
Characterization of the kappa opioid receptor-mediated G protein signaling in mouse striatum using a [35S]GTPγS binding assay (659.6)

The kappa opioid receptor/dynorphin system is an endogenous system involve in modulating stress responses. Disruption of the ability to respond appropriately to stress can lead to elevated risks of...
FACE‐TO‐FACE INTERACTION IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Management of face-to-face social interaction is not limited to a micro-perspective, as some critics have argued, but is equally valid as an explanatory model in macro-organizational settings. A “differential leverage interaction model“ is presented, which demonstrates that organizations determine, to a great extent. the nature of face-to-face interactions that take place. The application of the model to the courts and criminal justice system casts a new light on conventional explanations of the processes. powers, alignments, and activities of individuals who come to be enmeshed in the legal institution.
ICF Reactor Using a 3He-Aflint Tritium Self-Sufficient Target

Alternate fuel configurations which enable tritium to be bred within the target itself could provide a significant advantage for ICF reactors since a complicated tritium breeding blanket can be avoided. The present work considers a D-fueled target (termed the “AFLINT” concept) for this purpose. A target design is proposed that achieves an internal Tritium Breeding Ratio (TBR) of ~1.1, sufficient for recycle of tritium for manufacture of subsequent targets in a “closed cycle” fashion. 3He is also recycled to obtain optimum burn conditions. For reactor studies, two driver options of Hg+1 heavy ion beams with the energies of 5 MJ and 20 MJ, and a dual liquid-fall reactor chamber are considered. For both options target gains of about 50 are obtained. The reactor chamber concept employs a thin inner liquid-fall to absorb the × rays and charged-particles energy while a second thin outer fall serves to recondense the vaporized liquid, protect the first structural wall against neutron damage, and absorb the radial momentum transfer from the disintegrating inner fall. These unique features coupled with the tritium self-sufficient 3He-AFLINT concept represent an interesting alternative to the conventional D-T reactor concept.
Dynamic Fracture and Dissipation Behaviors of Concrete at the Mesoscale

Dynamic compaction and fracture of concrete is simulated at the mesoscale. Calculations are carried out under conditions of nominally uniaxial stress and uniaxial strain at a strain rate of 5000 s-1, allowing the effect of confinement, or stress triaxiality, on the response to be analyzed. A series of mesostructures, each member containing between 0–40% quartz aggregate and 0–5% pores by volume, is randomly generated to investigate the effect of mesostructure. The analysis focuses on load-carrying capacity and energy dissipation. Fracture within bulk phases and along interfaces in the structures is modeled using the cohesive finite element method. Dissipation through inelastic flow, fracture, and friction are separately tracked and quantified. Calculated results show that triaxiality has a strong influence on the dominant mode of energy dissipation and the volume fractions of aggregate and pores significantly influence the load-carrying capacity and energy dissipation capabilities of the materials. The framework and data presented can be used to support the design of materials with optimized trade-offs between competing performance metrics during dynamic loading.
It's All a Kind of Magic: The Young Ken Kesey Rick Dodgson. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2013.

It's All a Kind of Magic: The Young Ken Kesey Rick Dodgson. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2013.More than a decade after the death of Ken Kesey (1935-2001), Rick Dodgson has written the first-ever biography of the American author, focusing only on the first twenty-nine years of the author's life, concluding with the publication of Sometimes a Great Notion (1964). The biography is balanced and informative, benefitting from the direct access which Dodgson had to Kesey's personal journals from the 1950s, as well as the Ken Kesey 1960-1973 Special Collection at the University of Oregon.Dodgson's scholarly biography provides insight and analysis which will be of great value to professors and students of American literature concerning Kesey's artistic development in his teenage and young adult years. Casual readers may be surprised to learn that Kesey did not drink alcohol (36) and never smoked marijuana until after the Menlo Park VA Hospital drug trials (128). In high school as well as at the University of Oregon, Kesey was focused on interscholastic then intercollegiate wrestling, magic and hypnosis, theatre, as well as the on the camaraderie and hijinks of fraternity life. He pledged Beta Theta Pi and was both an organizer and a performer in campus magic shows and in a dummy/ ventriloquist act and had a number of acting credits. Kesey married Faye Haxby during his junior year of college, and they spent the next two summers in Hollywood, attempting unsuccessfully to land acting roles in film.Dodgson credits Professor James Hall at University of Oregon for teaching Kesey that "good literature and good magic employed similar simple tricks to great effect" (65), a tenable analogy but perhaps overtaxed as the title motif of the biography. A Woodrow Wilson Fellowship took the young couple to Palo Alto so that Ken could pursue an MF A in Wallace Stegner's graduate writing program. Stegner was known to chide Kesey "for confusing self-expression with self-indulgence" (75), and Kesey's comments concerning Stegner in a 1963 interview so incensed Stegner that the latter refused any rapprochement with his former student.His experience at Stanford cannot be separated from his residence on Perry Lane, a collection of small wooden cottages on an unpaved road near campus. Perry Lane became the scene for bohemian parties (Kesey famously said that he was "too young to be a beatnik and too old to be a hippie" {124-5}), the initial acid tests (after Vic Lovell told Kesey about the paid drug experiments at the Menlo Park VA Hospital), and a melting pot of personalities from philosophers and professors to runaway teens and members of local bands like the Zodiacs and Warlocks (several of whom would, in 1965, realign themselves as a new band known as the Grateful Dead). Perry Laners were reading Joseph Campbell (122) and partying with establishment literary critic Malcolm Cowley (141)! …
COPD monocytes differentiate into pro-inflammatory macrophages regardless of environment

COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease associated with an increased pro-inflammatory macrophage (mφ) response whereby cells produce increased pro-inflammatory mediators CXCL8 and TNFα and decreased anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10. A monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) model was used to study the effect of adherence and fetal calf serum (FCS) on mφ phenotype in non-smokers (NS n=3), smokers (S n=3) and COPD patients (COPD n=3). Monocytes were isolated and cultured for 12d in either adherent or non-adherent plates in the presence or absence of FCS and addition of either GM-CSF (G-mφ, M1) or M-CSF (M-mφ, M2). MDM were stimulated for 24h with either LPS or IL-4 and levels of CXCL8, TNFα and IL-10 measured by ELISA. Baseline cytokine production was minimal and did not differ between groups. G-mφ from COPD patients stimulated with LPS produced significantly more TNFα and CXCL8 compared to NS and S (Table 1). This persisted when G-mφ were cultured without serum or adherence. Lower levels of cytokines were released by M-mφ, although COPD MDM remained pro-inflammatory. M-mφ from S and COPD patients stimulated with IL-4 released less IL-10 than cells from NS (Table 2). This effect was lost in FCS-free media. COPD MDM consistently produce more pro-inflammatory cytokines and less IL-10 regardless of culture condition. FCS may be priming MDM to produce more cytokines when stimulated ex-vivo . These data suggest that circulating monocytes are primed in patients with COPD to generate a pro-inflammatory mφ regardless of environment.
Oxygen delivery by hand-operated emergency ventilation devices

Oxygen delivery is critical in the emergency treatment of cardiopulmonary failure, and hand-operated resuscitation units have advantages over other types of resuscitators. A comparison was made of the concentration of oxygen and the tidal volumes delivered by five commercial bag-valve-mask units at ventilation rates of 12 and 20 inflations/min, when supplied by oxygen at 10 liters/min. Maximal tidal volumes ranged from 1100 to 1700 cc while average volumes were between 670 and 1000 cc. The highest concentration of delivered oxygen, 48%, was obtained with the Laerdal Resuscl-Folding Bag. By the addition of an 82 cm reservoir tube and by increasing the flow to 15 llters/min, a concentration of 96% was achieved. An Ideal unit would deliver this oxygen concentration at a modest flow rate with a compact reservoir.
Photoionisation cross section for He in the hyperspherical coordinate method

The hyperspherical coordinate method developed by Macek, Fano, Lin and Klar (1968 to 1978) to describe two-electron correlations is used for the first time to treat an atomic photoionisation process. Using adiabatic approximations for both the initial and the final state, the cross section for the process He+y to He+1s+e- is calculated and is found to lie 1% higher than the revised experimental data of Samson (1976) at threshold, 4% lower at 1 Ryd above threshold, and 12% lower at 1.9 Ryd above threshold.
Leptomeningeal angiomatosis with infantile spasms

We describe a 7-month-old female with leptomeningeal angiomatosis who developed infantile spasms. She did not manifest facial nevus or ocular choroidal angioma. Leptomeningeal angiomatosis is characterized by venous angiomas of leptomeninges and usually accompanied by facial nevus, a condition known as Sturge-Weber syndrome. In Sturge-Weber syndrome, leptomeningeal angiomas can cause infantile spasms but much less frequently than in other neurocutaneous syndromes, such as tuberous sclerosis. This patient is the first reported case of leptomeningeal angiomatosis without facial nevus who developed infantile spasms. Leptomeningeal angiomas should be taken into consideration as a cause of infantile spasms, even in the absence of facial nevus. We suggest that this case is clinically within the spectrum of Sturge-Weber syndrome, and that the embryologic origin of this case is similar to that of Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Mutual benefit as outcome indicator: Factors influencing perceptions of benefit in organization–public relationships

Abstract The notion of mutual benefit has been a foundational assumption for scholars who use the relationship management perspective. Although many studies have inferred that mutual benefit links to organizational outcomes, no study to date has linked quantitatively key public member perception of benefit to positive organizational results. The current investigation sought to quantify the link between respondent perception of benefit and traditional organizational outcomes such as satisfaction and behavioral intent. Additionally, the research sought to determine which variables best differentiate those who feel they have received benefit from those who have not or were uncertain. The results suggest that mutual benefit is a stand-alone outcome indicator of programmatic success. Moreover, perceptions of benefit appear to tie to respondent evaluations of the relationship that they have with an organization. Discussion of the findings and the implications for the study and practice of public relations are considered.
Short Proofs of Embeddings into Exceptional Groups of Lie Type

The availability of effective character theoretic arguments makes the study of embeddings of a particular finite group into classical Lie groups much easier than the study of its embeddings into exceptional Lie groups. In this paper our goal is to give short, reasonably uniform, character theoretic and module theoretic arguments to prove the existence of particular finite subgroups of exceptional groups of Lie type. As examples, we apply the methods that we develop to give short proofs of the embeddings Ru < E7 5 HS < E7 5 F4 2 ′ < E6 5 U3 8 < E7 , and J1 < G2 11 . Apart from the much studied example J1 < G2 11 , these embeddings have previously only been settled on a case by case basis with intricate computation and group theoretic arguments. Our main tool is the following simple module theoretic condition, which is sufficient to exhibit a G-invariant subalgebra in a known G-invariant Lie algebra.
Yeast Informs Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease robs ~50% of individuals older than 85 years of age of cognitive function, causing devastating dementia and ultimately death. Initial insight into the biological processes that go awry came from molecular genetic analysis of familial forms associated with early-onset disease, revealing mutations in amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) and presenilins 1 and 2 ( PSEN1 and PSEN2 ). Analysis showed that altered generation and accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) fragments from APP, notably Aβ(1-42), are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. On page 1241 in this issue, Treusch et al. ( 1 ) show that Aβ toxicity can be modeled in yeast, and that yeast modifiers of that toxicity can powerfully inform our understanding of genetic players in the human disease.