cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of lysine acetyltransferase p300 substrates using 4-pentynoyl-coenzyme A and bioorthogonal proteomics

Proteomic studies have identified a plethora of lysine acetylated proteins in eukaryotes and bacteria. Determining the individual lysine acetyltransferases responsible for each protein acetylation mark is crucial for elucidating the underlying regulatory mechanisms, but has been challenging due to limited biochemical methods. Here, we describe the application of a bioorthogonal chemical proteomics method to profile and identify substrates of individual lysine acetyltransferases. Addition of 4-pentynoyl-coenzyme A, an alkynyl chemical reporter for protein acetylation, to cell extracts, together with purified lysine acetyltransferase p300, enabled the fluorescent profiling and identification of protein substrates via Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition. We identified several known protein substrates of the acetyltransferase p300 as well as the lysine residues that were modified. Interestingly, several new candidate p300 substrates and their sites of acetylation were also discovered using this approach. Our results demonstrate that bioorthogonal chemical proteomics allows the rapid substrate identification of individual protein acetyltransferases in vitro.
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head after retrograde intramedullary nailing of a femoral shaft fracture in an adolescent : A case report

O steonecrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis following antegrade intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures has been generally described as occurring in adolescent and pediatric patients1-10. However, a limited number of cases have been reported in adults11,12. The condition appears to represent an iatrogenic injury resulting from the proximity of the medial femoral circumflex artery to the piriformis fossa, which is the typical starting point for intramedullary nailing13. To our knowledge, there have been no previously published reports of osteonecrosis of the femoral head following retrograde intramedullary nailing of a femoral shaft fracture. Retrograde insertion techniques are applicable to adults and older adolescents, after closure of the distal femoral physis. We present the case of an adolescent male with osteonecrosis of the femoral head following retrograde femoral intramedullary nailing, and we review the osteonecrosis risk factors that may be present in patients who sustain polytrauma. Our patient and his legal guardian were informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication. Fig. 1-A Initial anteroposterior radiograph showing an open comminuted fracture of the right femoral shaft. There is no apparent associated fracture of the femoral neck. A seventeen-year-old boy was involved as an unrestrained, front-seat passenger in a high-energy, head-on motor-vehicle collision. Paramedics found the boy trapped under the dashboard and required more than thirty minutes to extricate him. On arrival at our institution, the patient was tachypneic (respiratory rate, 33 breaths/min), tachycardic (heart rate, 105 beats/min), and hypotensive (blood pressure, 76 mm Hg) but was alert and oriented and had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15. Radiographs revealed multiple long-bone fractures, including a type-I open comminuted fracture of the right femoral shaft (Fig. 1-A), according to the system of Gustilo and Anderson14, and closed diaphyseal fractures …
Effect of beta adrenergic blocking agents on the noradrenaline content of rat heart before and after noradrenaline infusion.

Abstract Four beta adrenergic blocking agents, MJ 1998, MJ 1999, Ko 592 and the stereo isomers of INPEA, have been studied for their ability to influence endogenous rat heart noradrenaline levels. In addition, the amount of noradrenaline recovered in the heart and spleen following the infusion of this catecholamine before and after MJ 1998, MJ 1999 and Ko 592 has been studied. MJ 1999, Ko 592 and L(+) and D(−) INPEA did not produce any significant changes in the noradrenaline content of the rat heart in a dosage range of 0.2–10 mg/kg when the tissue was measured at 1 or 6 hr following a single injection or following daily administration for 7 days. MJ 1998 produced a significant decrease in the noradrenaline content 6 hr following a single injection of 10 mg/kg and also after the single daily administration of 10 mg/kg for 7 days. MJ 1998 (10 mg/kg) also produced a 50% decrease in the amount of noradrenaline measured in the heart following an infusion of this amine (1 μg/kg/min for 20 min). Neither MJ 1999 or Ko 592 had any effect on the noradrenaline content of the heart due to an infusion of noradrenaline.
Giant cavernous haemangioma with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: a case report and review

We report the case of a 4-month-old boy presenting with a giant cutaneous haemangioma complicated by Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS) with severe thrombocytopenia. After poor response to corticosteroid therapy and subsequent treatment with interferon alpha-2a, radiotherapy led to tumour regression and resolution of the disseminated intravascular coagulopathy over a 14-month period of follow up. Whereas the various available treatment options are reviewed and discussed in this article, the therapy of choice should be chosen individually. Conclusion: to date prospective randomised and controlled trials are required to investigate the optimal management of patients with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome.
Persistence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Is a Multifactorial Process Involving Pili and Flagella but Not Type III Secretion Systems or Phase Variation

Vibrio parahaemolyticus can resist oyster depuration, suggesting that it possesses specific factors for persistence. We show that type I pili, type IV pili, and both flagellar systems contribute to V. parahaemolyticus persistence in Pacific oysters whereas type III secretion systems and phase variation do not.
Spatial characteristics of metacontrast.

The spatial extent of lateral interaction was determined for nonoverlapping equal-energy stimuli in a metacontrast design with targets and masks of constant separation but varying width. The weighting functions derived from these data are wholly negative. Unlike previous estimates of spatial extent in metacontrast, based on experiments in which the separation between target and mask was varied, our weighting functions subtend only about 10′ of visual angle, for both monoptic and dichoptic observations. However, the weighting functions resemble those derived from a wide variety of other psychophysical procedures such as sensitization. The differences of estimates of weighting functions are interpreted in terms of two spatial-lateral-interaction systems. One of these systems may depend critically on the proximity of stimuli; the independence of the spatial extent of the system from target size suggests the involvement of an edge mechanism.
Update on Hepatobiliary Imaging

Radiography and ultrasonography are the most well-established and frequently used imaging modalities for diagnosing hepatic disease in veterinary medicine. Contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound imaging of the liver is being established in veterinary medicine for the assessment of liver perfusion, hemodynamic alterations in the presence of portosystemic shunts (PSSs), and differentiation of benign from malignant hepatic nodules. New techniques in nuclear medicine include splenic portal scintigraphy and hepatic function tests. CT is now being used to diagnosis PSSs noninvasively. The roles of CT and MR imaging in the diagnosis of hepatic disease are currently being validated. Although less broadly available than ultrasound, advanced imaging is becoming more accessible, not only through academic institutions, but through the increasing number of specialty practices worldwide.
Measurement of tree canopy architecture

The lack of accurate extensive geometric data on tree canopies has retarded development and validation of radiative transfer models. A stratified sampling method was devised to measure the three-dimensional geometry of 16 walnut trees which had received irrigation treatments of either 100 or 33 per cent of evapotranspirational (ET) demand for the previous two years. Graphic reconstructions of the three-dimensional geometry were verified by 58 independent measurements. The distributions of stem- and leaf-size classes, lengths, and angle classes were determined and used to calculate leaf area index (LAI), stem area, and biomass. Reduced irrigation trees have lower biomass of stems, leaves and fruit, lower LAI, steeper leaf angles and altered biomass allocation to large stems. These data can be used in ecological models that link canopy processes with remotely sensed measurements.
Estrogen receptor status, determined by immunohistochemistry, as a predictor of the recurrence of Stage I endometrial carcinoma

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the concordance between immunohistochemical (IHC) and biochemical (RIA) methods for determining hormone receptor status in patients with endometrial carcinoma and to determine whether IHC expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) has prognostic significance. METHODS Paraffin blocks were obtained from patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma between 1987 and 1991. IHC analysis for ER and PR expression was performed and scored based on staining intensity and the percentage of tumor cells with nuclear staining. Biochemical assays were performed on frozen tissues. Concordance between the two methods was evaluated and hormone receptor status was correlated with tumor grade, stage, recurrence and survival. RESULTS ER and PR expression, determined by IHC, correlated well with RIA levels (Spearmans correlation coefficient, P = 0.006 and 0.0005, respectively). Determination of ER and PR expression by both methods was correlated with tumor grade. Hazards ratios revealed that the absence of ER and PR expression, determined by both IHC and RIA, independently correlated with recurrence in early stage disease (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Historically, receptors have been determined by RIA. In this study, IHC and RIA were equally suitable for determination of ER and PR. This is significant clinically as IHC has several advantages over RIA, including easier processing, lower cost, greater speed, and applicability to fixed tissue samples. In addition, ER negative status was predictive of the recurrence of Stage I tumors independent of tumor grade. ER status may aid the clinician in planning treatment when adjuvant treatment is controversial. Cancer 1999;86:2083–9. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Development and evaluation of a new turbulence generator for atomization research

A turbulence generator was embedded in a nozzle which was designed for an experimental study on the effects of gas turbulence on liquid breakup and atomization. Using this experimental nozzle, it was possible to change the turbulence intensity at the nozzle exit without changing the mean velocity or the Reynolds number. It was also possible to vary the mean exit velocity while maintaining either the rms velocity or the turbulence intensity unchanged. The operation of the turbulence generator is controlled by several upstream pressure regulators which affect the internal flow pattern and determine the flow conditions at the nozzle exit. The free jet which was generated by the nozzle was studied in detail and measurements of mean and rms velocities, turbulence kinetic energy, Reynolds stresses, and turbulence production are presented. It was concluded that the new turbulence generator can be used effectively for both research and industrial applications.
Attitudes toward Water Conservation: The Influence of Site-Specific Factors and Beliefs in Climate Change

Areas affected by drought are increasing, and many lakes that provide potable water and recreation opportunities are located in drought-vulnerable areas. Understanding a population's attitudes toward conservation actions can improve communication initiatives, policy development, and education, which are all necessary for effective water resource management. However, little is known about stakeholders’ interactions with drought-influenced resources and the potential factors that form their water conservation attitudes. Using a mixed methods approach, we evaluated lake recreationists’ (n = 229) attitudes toward water conservation at a drought-impacted lake. We identified the relationships between two site-specific factors (place attachment and awareness of drought impacts), beliefs in climate change, concern for drought impacts, and water conservation attitudes. Results indicated concern for local drought impacts fully mediated the relationships between site-specific factors, beliefs in climate change, and ...
Exclusively Breastfed Infants: Iron Recommendations Are Premature

The authors of the new American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia conclude that “exclusively breastfed term infants [should] receive an iron supplementation of 1 mg/kg per day, starting at 4 months of age.”1 Prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia are important public health goals. However, although late-preterm and low birth weight infants and other infants with risk for low iron stores may benefit from iron supplementation, this recommendation is controversial with respect to healthy term infants with a birth weight of >2500 g, who represent the largest proportion of exclusively breastfeeding infants in the United States. The study referenced in the AAP recommendation included 77 term infants randomly assigned to receive 7.5 mg of iron daily or placebo from 1 to 6 months of age.2 By 6 months of age, 26 infants (34%) had dropped out of the study, 15 (19%) were noncompliant with the iron/placebo treatment, most infants in both groups were receiving formula (ie, not exclusively breastfeeding), and all but 3 infants were also …
Acetylcholine causes an increase of intracellular calcium in human sperm

Sperm nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) can influence motility and the initiation of acrosome reaction (AR). We report that AR initiation by acetylcholine (ACh) in capacitated human sperm requires both Na+ and Ca2+ in the external medium. Pre-incubation with 50 microM 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) or 50 nM strychnine failed to inhibit the ACh-initiated AR, demonstrating that muscarinic AChRs and nAChRs containing alpha9 subunits do not mediate this event. Choline (2.5, 5 and 10 mM), a highly specific but low potency agonist of the alpha7 nAChR initiated AR, with its effect blocked by the nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA). ACh (50-400 microM) stimulated a small transient rise in the intracellular Ca2+ in sperm populations loaded with FURA-2, with 200 microM ACh being maximal (146 nM +/- 23 SEM). The nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and MLA, reduced the ACh-initiated Ca2+ rise by 75 and 78%, respectively, demonstrating the majority of the rise is mediated through nAChRs containing alpha7 or alpha9 subunits. Single cell imaging studies using FLUO-3 resolved two patterns of ACh-stimulated Ca2+ increase in the sperm head: 94% of responding sperm displayed a rise (59.6% +/- 5.7 SEM increase from resting fluorescence intensity), returning to resting levels over a period of 2-3 min. The remaining sperm (6%) displayed a sharp spike of Ca2+ ( approximately 1 min; 86% +/- 4.3 SEM change in fluorescence intensity), followed by abrupt loss of fluorescence, a pattern suggestive of AR. A Ca2+ influx in the sperm midpiece appeared to accompany the Ca2+ influx seen in the head. These observations confirm an ionotropic role for nAChRs in sperm function.
Examining the digital divide in K-12 public schools: Four-year trends for supporting ICT literacy in Florida

While there is evidence that access to computers in schools has increased, there remain questions about whether low socio-economic status (SES) schools provide students with equitable supports for achieving information communication technology (ICT) literacy. This research first presents a theoretical model to examine the digital divide within schools. Using this model, this research uses statewide data from four school years to investigate significant trends in ICT integration by school level and SES in Florida. Multilevel models for repeated measures analysis were used to compare models for predicting trends on nine different aspects of school technology integration. Results show statistically significant differences between high and low SES schools at every level in terms of student access to software, student use of software, teacher use of software, and the level of technology support. This research provides evidence of the existence of the digital divide among Florida's K-12 schools.
Ultrasonic parameters in the born model of the sodium and potassium halides

Abstract Available experimental data at 295°K on the ultrasonic elastic constants and their temperature variation, the specific heat, and the thermal expansion of the sodium and potassium halides have been collected and inspected for smoothness in each sequence when plotted against nearest neighbor distance. In the same way, ultrasonic data on the pressure derivatives of the elastic constants have been reviewed and, in the case of NaBr, NaI, KF and KI, measured. The resulting smooth thermodynamic data have been used to obtain values of the constant volume temperature coefficient of the isothermal bulk modulus, d ln B T d T) V and of d B T d P) T . The former is found to be rou − 0.7 × 10 −4 deg −1 for both halide sequences. It arises in the vibrational entropy of the crystal and appears as a correction in expressions giving the repulsive exponent in the two-parameter empirical Born model. The usual procedure of using compression data to obtain dlnB T d T) V results in an erratic correction that occasionally amounts to more than 10 per cent of the repulsive parameter; on the other hand, the ultrasonically based correction is strikingly smooth at about 2 per cent. Experimental values of d B T d P) T are nearly invariant among these eight alkali halides at a value of 5.4. The Born model correctly predicts this magnitude but also predicts a systematic trend with repulsive exponent significantly greater than that found. Born-Hildebrand equations of state based on the ultrasonic parameters should provide improved estimates of V ( P ) relations; these do compare fairly well with X-ray data for NaF, NaCl and NaI to pressures on the order of the bulk modulus. Neither comparison with experiment will distinguish, however, for the whole group between the version of the Born model based on a power law repulsive potential and that based on an exponential law.
Quantification of Organophosphorus Nerve Agent Metabolites Using a Reduced-Volume, High-Throughput Sample Processing Format and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A reduced-volume, high-throughput analytical method has been developed for the quantification of organophosphorus (OP) nerve agent metabolites in human urine. Metabolites of soman, sarin, cyclohexyl-sarin, VX, and Russian-VX were quantified down to a lowest reportable limit of 1 ng/mL in human urine. One hundred microliter urine samples were preconcentrated using normal-phase 96-well solid-phase extraction silica sorbent beds. Dual-column hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography was applied in a 2.5-min isocratic separation followed by negative electrospray isotope-dilution multiple-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry. Method validation included the characterization of two synthetic urine pools, relative recovery experiments, and calculation of the method limit of detection. All liquid handling steps were processed in a high-density 96-well format, including sample aliquoting, extraction, dry-down, and reconstitution. This allows up to 3840 unknown samples, plus calibrators and quality control materials, to be prepared on a single liquid handler in a 24-h period. In a public health emergency involving OP-nerve agents, this method provides the sample preparation and analytical capacity to respond rapidly to a large number of patient samples.
Perforation of the sigmoid colon by hydrostatic pressure of a public water fountain

A 39-year-old woman presented to the emergency department complaining of rectal bleeding and abdominal pain 7 h after sitting on a water display fountain. On examination, the abdomen was rigid, and the patient had a prolapsed rectum with rectal bleeding. A chest radiograph demonstrated free air. On emergent exploratory laparotomy, the patient had a perforated sigmoid colon at the rectosigmoid junction with gross abdominal soilage. The patient survived to hospital discharge. This case provides a review of the literature regarding hydrostatic injury to the colon and other self-induced colorectal perforations.
Foundations of spatial ecology: the reification of patches through quantitative description of patterns and pattern repetition

Insect populations tend to be patchy, and the nature of the patches is a critical component of ecology. Predator-prey interactions, coexistence of competing species, survival of rare species as habitat is destroyed, and damage to crops are just a few examples of spatially-dependent ecological processes. For want of tractable quantitative approaches, understanding of spatial ecology has lagged far behind recognition of its importance. We assert that a quantitative foundation of a spatial ecology involves the reification of patches as objects of study. We introduce two new measures of patch dynamics: total covariance for comparing degrees of patchiness between populations, and quantile variance for quantifying the constancy of dispersion patterns through time. These new measures, in combination with the long-established spatial covariance from geostatistics, comprise a rudimentary toolbox for reification of patches and empirical field studies in spatial ecology.
Biochemical and endocrine aspects of oxytocin production by the mammalian corpus luteum

A review of the current state of knowledge of oxytocin production by the preovulatory follicle and corpus luteum is presented. Corpora lutea of a number of mammalian species have been found to synthesize oxytocin. However, the synthesis and secretion of this nanopeptide by the corpus luteum of the ruminant has been most extensively studied because of the potential role of this peptide in facilitating luteal regression. While much information exists relative to various biochemical and endocrine factors that impact on oxytocin gene expression, this aspect about luteal synthesis of this peptide hormone remains enigmatic. Prostaglandin F-2α (PGF-2α) has been shown to be a primary endogenous hormone responsible for triggering luteal secretion of oxytocin. Details are provided regarding the PGF-2α-induced intracellular signal transduction pathway that ultimately results in exocytosis of luteal oxytocin. Evidence is also presented for potential autocrine/paracrine actions of oxytocin in regulating progesterone production by luteal and granulosa cells. Concluding remarks highlight aspects about luteal oxytocin production that require further research.
Effect of technique of administration on plasma lidocaine levels.

There are many clinical situations in which IV access is unavailable, and the endotracheal route is a valuable alternative route for drug therapy. The optimal technique of endotracheal drug administration, however, has not been determined. Twenty-nine dogs were divided into five groups and given endotracheal lidocaine at two doses, 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg, by differing techniques: control, undiluted lidocaine in a syringe was given as a bolus; needle, the drug was given through a needle attached to the syringe; dilution, lidocaine was diluted approximately 1:1 with normal saline and the entire dilution was given as a bolus; normal saline (NS) followup, lidocaine in a syringe was given as a bolus, followed immediately by an equal bolus of normal saline; and catheter, the drug was given through a catheter that was placed inside and extended just beyond the endotracheal tube. Mean plasma lidocaine levels (μg/mL) at five minutes were as follows (at a 2-mg/kg endotracheal lidocaine dose): control, 0.64; needle, 0.0; dilution, 3.1; and (at a 4-mg/kg endotracheal lidocaine dose) control, 1.0; needle, 0.6; dilution, 6.2; NS followup, 1.9; and catheter, 1.9. At all time periods with either dose of lidocaine (2 or 4 mg/kg), the highest plasma lidocaine levels occurred with dilution and the lowest with the needle method. These results were highly significant ( P
Quasi-hierarchical, interactive navigation of images and meta-data in the Open Microscopy Environment

Databases containing microscopy images and associated meta-data present users with the challenge of interpreting complex interrelationships between objects. Effective user tools must support users in the task of interactively navigating and filtering data to identify items of interest and understand relationships between these items. In the Open Microscopy Environment, these relationships often take the form of "quasi-hierarchies": tree-like structures where nodes can have multiple parents. A compact browser for selecting items in a quasi-hierarchy illustrates relationships between items and supports selection of items from any level in the quasi-hierarchy. Multiple interoperating browsers for orthogonal quasi-hierarchies can be coordinated to form a powerful filtering interface useful for simultaneously drilling down from multiple perspectives. These hierarchy browsers can be combined with information-specific displays, including summary views containing detailed information about image sets and image thumbnail displays.
Is There Life After DEBI? Examining Health Behavior Maintenance in the Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions Initiative

The evidence-based interventions that are identified, packaged, and disseminated by the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of the Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions (DEBI) initiative—commonly referred to the "DEBIs"—currently represent a primary source of HIV prevention interventions for community-based providers. To date, little attention has focused on whether the intended outcomes of the DEBIs, i.e., reductions in HIV-related risk behaviors, are maintained over time. This review summarized evidence for the sustainability of the effects of the DEBIs on HIV sexual risk behavior and intravenous drug use from studies of original and adapted DEBIs. Evidence of intervention decay or a lack of any intervention effect was identified in several original and adapted versions of the DEBIs included in this review. Recommendations include modifications to current criteria for inclusion in the DEBI portfolio, in addition to the development of remediation strategies to address intervention decay. Further, theoretical models that specify the processes that underlie the maintenance of health behaviors over time should be used in developing HIV prevention interventions.
Personality Trait Change in Adulthood

Recent longitudinal and cross-sectional aging research has shown that personality traits continue to change in adulthood. In this article, we review the evidence for mean-level change in personality traits, as well as for individual differences in change across the life span. In terms of mean-level change, people show increased selfconfidence, warmth, self-control, and emotional stability with age. These changes predominate in young adulthood (age 20-40). Moreover, mean-level change in personality traits occurs in middle and old age, showing that personality traits can change at any age. In terms of individual differences in personality change, people demonstrate unique patterns of development at all stages of the life course, and these patterns appear to be the result of specific life experiences that pertain to a person's stage of life.
Social environment and immunity in male red jungle fowl

We examined the relationship between social dominance, immune response, and ornamentation in captive red jungle fowl by comparing these variables in males housed individually with a single female to those in the same males after they were placed in flocks with an unfamiliar male and three unfamiliar females. Males with larger combs before being placed in the flocks were more likely to become dominant, and dominant males’ combs grew after flock formation, whereas subordinate males’ combs shrank. Immune response as reflected in hematocrit, immunoglobulin levels, and wing web swelling (a measure of cell-mediated immunity) was stronger in males that later became dominant, both before and after flock formation, although the difference between dominant and subordinate birds was more pronounced after males were housed in the multi-male groups. Dominant and subordinate males also differed in the relationship between comb length and wing web swelling. Among dominant males, individuals with larger combs had significantly larger swellings after flock formation, whereas within the subordinate males, those with relatively larger combs had worse cell-mediated immunity than those with smaller combs. These results suggest that males of different quality pay different costs to maintain both ornamentation and immune defense.
Evidence based medicine: increasing, not dictating, choice

The systematic synthesis of evidence is the foundation of all medical discoveries and of good clinical practice
Models and model selection uncertainty in estimating growth rates of endangered freshwater mussel populations

Appropriate inference of population status for endangered species is extremely important. Using a single model for estimating population growth rates is typically inadequate for assessing endangered species because inferences based on only one ''best'' model ignore model uncertainty. In this study, the endangered dromedary pearlymussel (Dromus dro- mas) in the Clinch and Powell rivers of eastern Tennessee, USA, was used as an example to demonstrate the importance of multiple models, with consideration of environmental noises for evaluating population growth. Our results showed that more than one model deserves consideration in making inferences of population growth rate. A Bayesian model averaging approach was used to make inferences by weighting each model using the deviance information criterion. To test the un- certainty resulting from model selection and the efficiency of the Bayesian averaging approach, a simulation study was conducted on the dromedary pearlymussel populations, which showed that model selection uncertainty is very high. The results of these tests lead us to recommend using Bayesian model averaging to assess population growth status for endan- gered species, by balancing goodness-of-fit and selection uncertainty among alternate models. Resume´ : Il est extremement important de deduire de facon appropriee le statut demographique des especes menacees. L'utilisation d'un seul modele pour estimer les taux de croissance demographique ne suffit generalement pas pour evaluer une espece menacee parce que les deductions tirees d'un seul « meilleur » modele ne tiennent pas compte de l'incertitude du modele. Dans notre etude, nous utilisons la moule nacree dromadaire (Dromus dromas), une espece menacee, des riv- ieres Clinch et Powell dans l'est du Tennessee, E´.-U., comme exemple pour demontrer l'importance des modeles multi- ples, qui tiennent compte du bruit environnemental, pour evaluer la croissance de la population. Nos resultats montrent qu'il est necessaire de tenir compte de plus d'un modele lorsqu'on veut deduire le taux de croissance d'une population. Un modele bayesien utilisant la methode de la moyenne nous a servi afaire des deductions par ponderation de chacun des modeles d'apres le critere d'information de l'ecart a la moyenne (« deviance information criterion »). Afin de verifier l'in- certitude associeeala selection des modeles et l'efficacitede la methode bayesienne par calcul des moyennes, nous avons fait des simulations des populations de moules nacrees dromadaires qui montrent que l'incertitude relieeala selection des modeles est treselevee. Les resultats de ces tests nous amenent a recommander l'utilisation du calcul de la moyenne des modeles bayesiens pour verifier le statut de croissance des especes menacees en equilibrant la precision de l'ajustement et l'incertitude de la selection au sein des differents modeles de rechange. (Traduit par la Redaction)
The jockey and his horse

It is told, that in the art of education he performed wonders; and a formidable list is given of the authors, Greek and Latin, that were read in Aldersgate-street, by youth between ten and fifteen or sixteen years of age. Those who tell or receive these stories should consider that nobody can be taught faster than he can learn. The speed of the horseman must be limited by the power of his horse. Every man that has ever undertaken to instruct others, can tell what slow advances he has been able to make, and how much patience it requires to recall vagrant inattention, to stimulate sluggish indifference, and to rectify absurd misapprehension.Samuel Johnson, “John Milton”The greatest man of letters in English continually reminds us in his essays and in Boswell's Life that we need to expect an awful lot of resistance to learning, and that he himself, Dr. Samuel Johnson (who had single-handedly composed a dictionary in seven years) lived full of “vagrant inattention” and “sluggish indifference” – though not of “absurd misapprehension”.
Joint mean-covariance models with applications to longitudinal data: Unconstrained parameterisation

SUMMARY We provide unconstrained parameterisation for and model a covariance using covariates. The Cholesky decomposition of the inverse of a covariance matrix is used to associate a unique unit lower triangular and a unique diagonal matrix with each covariance matrix. The entries of the lower triangular and the log of the diagonal matrix are unconstrained and have meaning as regression coefficients and prediction variances when regressing a measurement on its predecessors. An extended generalised linear model is introduced for joint modelling of the vectors of predictors for the mean and covariance subsuming the joint modelling strategy for mean and variance heterogeneity, Gabriel's antedependence models, Dempster's covariance selection models and the class of graphical models. The likelihood function and maximum likelihood estimators of the covariance and the mean parameters are studied when the observations are normally distributed. Applications to modelling nonstationary dependence structures and multivariate data are discussed and illustrated using real data. A graphical method, similar to that based on the correlogram in time series, is developed and used to identify parametric models for nonstationary covariances.
Porous polyaniline nanofiber/vanadium pentoxide layer-by-layer electrodes for energy storage

There has been long-standing interest in hybrid electrodes containing an electronically conductive polymer and an inorganic cathode material for electrochemical energy storage. Conductive polymers such as polyaniline serve to enhance the conductivity of the electrode, and are electrochemically active themselves. Here, we report the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers and V2O5 to form hybrid electrodes for electrochemical energy storage. The resulting electrode is highly porous and significantly exceeds in performance relative to an analogous electrode assembled with conventional PANI in place of PANI nanofibers. By utilizing PANI nanofibers in place of conventional PANI, significant gains in capacity (3×), specific energy (40×), and specific power (4×) are realized. The growth of the film is investigated using profilometry and quartz crystal microbalance; the thickness of the film increases linearly with respect to the number of layer pairs deposited. It is found that the electrochemical response possesses contributions from both PANI nanofibers and V2O5, and that the electrochemical performance of this LbL system is dependent on film thickness. The electrode contains 59 wt% V2O5 and stores 0.8 mol Li+ per mol of V2O5. A film thickness of 1.2 μm yields optimum results, with a discharge capacity of 320 mA h g−1, a power density of 4000 mW g−1, and an energy density of 886 mW h g−1 (per mass of active cathode), depending on discharge current. After 100 cycles, the electrode retains 75% of its initial capacity, and no appreciable volumetric expansion after cycling is observed. These results highlight the promise of porous electrodes made via LbL assembly, where two dissimilar materials can be intimately blended to achieve synergistic properties.
Dynamic Data-Driven Application Systems for Empty Houses, Contaminat Tracking, and Wildland Fireline Prediction

We describe three different dynamic data-driven applications systems (DDDAS): an empty house, a contaminant identification and tracking, and a wildland fire. Each has something in common with all of the rest and can use some common tools. Each DDDAS is quite complicated in comparison to a traditional static input simulation that is run with large numbers of inputs instead of one longer run that is self-correcting.
A 26-year-old woman with respiratory decompensation in the immediate postpartum period at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City

A 26-year-old previously healthy woman developed sudden-onset hypoxaemic respiratory failure 3 days post partum. During pregnancy, the patient had displayed haematuria (26–50 red blood cells/high-power field on urine dipstick) and proteinuria (30 mg/dL on urine dipstick), which at the time was not further investigated. The pregnancy and vaginal delivery were otherwise uncomplicated. On the morning of planned discharge from the maternity ward, the patient developed sudden dyspnoea, tachypnoea, tachycardia and severe hypoxaemia (PaO2 of 48 mm Hg on room air) accompanied by 5 mL of bright red haemoptysis. Chest auscultation was normal. ECG showed sinus tachycardia with an S1Q3T3 pattern and urgent bedside echocardiogram showed evidence of right heart strain. Respiratory insufficiency in the peripartum period has many potential causes, including PE, amniotic fluid embolism, pulmonary oedema due to tocolytic therapy and peripartum cardiomyopathy. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is approximately 80 times more common in the first week post partum when compared with the general population1 and PE is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the developed world (whereas postpartum haemorrhage is the most common cause of death in the developing world2). Haemoptysis in the setting of PE occurs in about 5% of patients, and represents pulmonary infarction.3 Given the acute onset of symptoms and echocardiographic findings, PE is the initial concern for this patient. Unfractionated heparin infusion was started. Shortly thereafter, the patient endorsed worsening dyspnoea and coughed up approximately 100 mL of bright red blood. Her heparin infusion was discontinued, and she was emergently intubated for hypoxaemia. Adequate oxygenation on the mechanical ventilator was difficult to maintain despite frequent endotracheal suctioning, use of high positive end-expiratory pressure and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), initiation of neuromuscular blockade and frequent manual recruitment manoeuvres. Chest X-ray (CXR) showed diffuse, predominantly central opacities (figure 1 …
Streamflow Forecasting Based on Artificial Neural Networks

Streamflow forecasting is an important component of water resource system control and a challenging task for water resources engineers and managers. Good streamflow forecasts enables an efficient operation of water resources systems within technical, economical, legal, and political priorities. A forecasting system that accounts for all significant temporal and spatial variability of the entire streamflow field, provides a good basis for proper control and management of the water resources system. Streamflow forecasts, usually with lead times of hours and days, are often used for flood warning purposes and for real time operation of water resources systems. Forecasts, with lead times ranging from weeks to months, are generally used for water system planning and management, such as allocation of irrigation water, hydropower planning, and drought analysis and mitigation.
ArtiFacts: The Case of Jules Pedoux

I n 1893, Jules Pedoux of Paris, France, contracted a tuberculosis infection, which included an abscess in his shoulder. Pedoux’s physician recommended disarticulating the shoulder, but he refused. Because of this, his surgeon, Jules Emile Pean, commissioned J. Porter Michaels, a dentist, to craft a shoulder prosthesis [1]. Mr. Michaels fashioned the prosthesis (Fig. 1) from materials commonly used to make dentures at that time: Vulcanite and platinum. He selected these materials because they did not oxidize and were unlikely to inflame the tissue. The shoulder joint prosthesis he designed took the form of a universal joint, which allowed Pedoux’s arm full ROM. The holes on the sides of the shaft were intended for the attachment of muscle. The shaft was equipped with pivot joint, allowing medial rotation of the arm. It was attached to the humerus with screws and the prosthesis was attached to the scapula with platinum wire [2]. On March 11, 1893, Pean removed the synovium and the humeral head, and implanted the prosthesis, becoming the first known surgeon to attempt a shoulder arthroplasty. The patient was ambulatory 12 days later, and discharged from the hospital 20 days after the procedure [1]. Pedoux was able to get work as a waiter, as he could open and pour wine, and hand out glasses without drawing attention to himself. However, several fistulas developed along the line of incision, resulting in removal of the prosthesis in 1895. Although unsuccessful as a prosthesis, it proved that the human body could tolerate an artificial implant, which paved the way for the development of joint arthroplasty in the mid-20 century [2]. A Note from the Editor-in-Chief: We are pleased to present the next installment of ArtiFacts. In each column, the Collections Manager of the Historical Collections Division of the National Museum of Health and Medicine (NMHM) will present a photograph of a visually or historically interesting artifact from the museum’s collection, and provide the story behind the picture. Now a National Historic Landmark, the NMHM was originally developed from the Army Medical Museum, which was established during the Civil War to collect ‘‘specimens of morbid anatomy together with projectiles and foreign bodies removed.’’ Its mission today is to inspire interest in, and promote the understanding of, medicine to the public. The author certifies that he, or any member of his immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/ licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR or The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons. The opinions or assertions herein are those of the author and do not represent the views of the Department of the Army, Navy or Air Force or of the Department of Defense.
A Strategy for Planning and Protecting Immovable Heritage: Lessons From Natural Disaster Planning

Immovable cultural properties, whether buildings, archeological sites, museums or libraries, are at substantial risk in the event of armed conflict. In many ways, natural disasters pose many of the same threats to such structures as does war. Earthquakes impose horizontal loads on structures, their weak direction, tornadoes and hurricanes impose large substantial over pressures on walls and roves, just as ground shock and air blast from explosions do. Fire spreads when there is both fuel and ignition, regardless of whether the ignition is purposeful or accidental. A clear message from the natural hazards literature is that you cannot do anything during the emergency period that you have not carefully thought through before the emergency. This paper reviews approaches to protection of cultural properties and the existing Hague Convention. It is proposed that a concerted effort be mounted by the professional conservation community to: 1) prepare guides on how to identify and document cultural properties important to the community; 2) descriptive manuals on how to protect cultural properties using easily available materials and techniques; 3) distributed them to the local communities likely to be impacted; and 4) provide limited technical resource teams to stabilize or repair after hostilities.
Detection of Free Polysaccharide in Blood of Pneumococcic Pneumonia Patients; Prognosis and Therapy

ConclusionsThe occurrence of free polysaccharide in the blood of pneumonic patients is not uncommon. Its presence is generally indicative of a severe infection, with usually fatal outcome. It would appear that sulfapyridine alone may be ineffective in the control of those pneumococcic infections which are accompanied by the production of sufficient polysaccharide to reach relatively high concentrations in the blood stream, but that it may be effective in such instances if it is combined with the administration of sufficient type-specific antibody. The observations reported suggest that sulfa-pyridine alone may control pneumococcic infections provided there is not too much antigen present in the blood, and some specific antibody is produced.
Study of the serum trace element content during perioperalive period in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Objective:To study the regulars of the content of trace element during perioperalive periods in child undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.Method: Determine the level of trace elements in serum of 66 children at different time during the CPB by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP—AES) method.Result: The levels of Zn in serum reach its lowest level at 24 h after CPB.The levels of Fe in serum reach its highest level at 1h after CPB and the levels of Mg、Cu in serum reach its lowest level at 1 h after CPB.Condusion: There will be disequilibrium in trace element and during perioperalive period in child undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.So it is important to balance the trace elements in the CPB.
Indwelling and Retrieval Complications of Denali and Celect Infrarenal Vena Cava Filters.

Abstract Purpose To compare indwelling and retrieval complications of Denali and Celect filters placed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC). Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted over 2 years at a single institution in which 171 Denali and 162 Celect filters were placed in 333 patients with a mean age of 62.3 years ± 15.7 (161 men; 48.3%). Filter indications included venous thromboembolic disease (n = 320; 96.1%) and surgical prophylaxis (n = 13; 3.9%). A jugular approach was used to place 303 filters (91.0%). Computed tomography (CT) follow-up, complications, and retrieval data were obtained. Results Follow-up CT imaging was performed on 58 filters from each group with lower incidences of caval strut penetration (one vs 12) and filter tilt (one vs 15) in the Denali filter group ( P = .002 and P P = .68). Retrieval attempts were performed on 43 Denali and 53 Celect filters with mean indwelling times at retrieval of 128.2 and 144.1 days, respectively ( P = .40). Mean fluoroscopy time at retrieval was lower in the Denali group (3.1 min vs 6.0 min; P = .01). There were fewer cases of complex retrieval in the Denali group (n = 2 vs 10; P = .06). Tilt, fluoroscopy time, and air kerma were associated with complex retrieval ( P = .04, P P Conclusions This study suggests that Denali filters are associated with lower incidences of strut penetration and filter tilt as well as shorter fluoroscopy time at retrieval compared with Celect filters when placed in the infrarenal IVC.