cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discovering Social Issues: Organization Development in a Multicultural Community:

This article reports on a community development project conducted in a small multicultural town on an island in the Pacific. The project objectives were twofold: to identify the social, health, and educational needs of the community and to develop a process of inquiry that could be used by residents in determining the community `s needs. The primary intent of the article is to discuss the process of inquiry used in the project. The authors contend that in a multicultural setting consultants must pay particular attention to the methods they choose. The article proposes that the cooperative inquiry approach, comprehensive coverage of all groups involved, joint data analysis, and cultural sensitivity result in a successful intervention, defined as discovering the underlying causes of problems in a community or organization. The authors propose that only when causes are identified specifically can problems be addressed.
Sampling and analysis of airborne residues of paraquat in treated cotton field environments

A method was developed for the analysis of paraquat residues in airborne particulate matter collected by filtration or impaction. The method is based on extraction of paraquat with 6N hydrochloric acid, transfer of residue to saturated ammonium bicarbonate solution, and reduction of the resulting residue with alkaline sodium borohydride to a mixture of two tertiary amines with subsequent determination by nitrogen-selective gas chromatography (GLC). Recoveries ranged from 74 to 96% for filters spiked at 0.05 microgram and above; the limit of detection is approximately 0.5 ng/m3 for high volume air samples. Paraquat concentrations measured in the air downwind from two commercial applications to cotton during spraying fell regularly from extrapolated interval-average values of 4.31 and 10.7μg/m3 at the 1 m downwind edge of the two fields to <50 ng/m3 at approximately 400 m downwind. Downwind samples taken 2 to 4 hr after spraying contained 1 to 10% as much paraquat as those during spraying, and by 5 to 7 hr no paraquat was detectable in the downwind air. Paraquat was also found in the airborne particulate matter during mechanical harvesting of one of the fields, the maximum interval-average values being 1,245 and 516 ng/m3 just outside and inside an open cab, respectively. The analytical findings for paraquat are compared with those forS,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF®), a component of the harvest aid mixture employed, and discussed in terms of occupational exposure, potential hazard, and recommended occupational practices.
Nuclear resonance study of electronic magnetism in copper-nickel☆

Abstract Alloying with 27, 38 or 43 per cent nickel is found to produce extreme broadening and asymmetry of the NMR of copper. Almost every observable copper nucleus appears to undergo a decrease in magnetic field. The width between derivative peaks is increased by as much as twelve times. It is satisfactorily proportional to or independent of applied field, according as electronic paramagnetism (in the 27 per cent alloy) or weak ferromagnetism is expected to be involved, but the central portion of the line expands in proportion to the field. The concentration dependences are much slower than that of the macroscopic magnetization. Isotropic indirect exchange coupling between the copper nuclei and the time average magnetic moments of the nickel atoms, and inhomogeneity of the Knight shift account for the measurements approximately. It is necessary to include large contributions from copper nuclei in noncubic environments. The field and concentration dependences are interpreted in terms of inhomogeneous electronic magnetism in the ferromagnetic alloys. The nickel paramagnetism cannot be identified in alloys of up to 15 per cent nickel because of quadrupole effects.
The effect of treatment with heat, 2-mercaptoethanol or cysteine on the antigenicity of IgE.

Abstract The changes in the antigenicity of myeloma IgE (PS) heated at 56°C for various lengths of time or treated with 2ME or cysteine, were examined against antisera containing antibodies to native and/or denatured IgE. The degree of denaturation of the heated IgE was time dependent. Antigenic changes have been already observed in samples heated for 30 min. Heating for more than 4 hr caused denaturation to such an extent that the antigenic characteristics for native IgE (PS) could no longer be recognized when examined by DDGP. The antigenicity of the Fc fragment of IgE heated for 24 hr changed almost completely and the antigenicity of Fab fragment completely. The Fc′ and the F(ab′)2 were heat resistant when heated at 56°C for 24 hr. It is suggested that the Fc′ fragment is responsible for the heat resistancy of the F(ab′)2. The 2ME treated IgE altered partially the antigenicity whereas the cysteine treated IgE failed to show any antigenic changes when examined by DDGP.
Therapeutic renal embolization in children

3. Girolami A, Scorza P, Brunetti A, et al: Congenital hypoproconvertinemia (factor VII deficiency), Acta Haematol 50:228, 1973. 4. Marriage K, and Ekert H: Congenital factor VII deficiency with cerebral hemorrhage treated with prothrombin concentrate, Med J Aust 2:942, 1972. 5. De Sanctis C, Lumare A, Sardella M, et al: Emorragia endocranica in lattante portatore di deficit congeniti di fattore VII, Minerva Pediatr 24:312, 1972. 6. Mitrakul C: Fatal bleeding in congenital hypoproconvertinemia-a case report, J Med Assoc Thai 58:42, 1975. 7. Van Creveld S, Veder HA, and Blahs MM: Congenital hypoproeonvertinemia, Ann Paediatr 187:373, 1956. 8. Quick AJ, Pisciotta AV, and Hussey CV: Congenital hypoprothrombinemic states, Arch Intern Med 95:2, 1955. 9. Owren PA: Prothrombin and accessory factors, Am J Med 14:201, 1953. 10. Rabiner SF, Winick M, and Smith CH: Congenital deftciency of factor VII associated with hemorrhage disease of the newborn, Pediatrics 25:101, 1960.
Division of the pont hepatique of the liver in cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal malignancy.

The pont hepatique (also called the pons hepatis and hepatic bridge) connects segments 3 and 4B of the liver and forms a tunnel (Fig 1) in which occult metastatic tumor can occur in peritoneal malignancies including ovarian cancer. A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of this area andprocedure for dividing the pont, exposing the tunnel and ⁎ Corresponding author. Fax: +1 314 646 8627. E-mail address: chelm4@slu.edu (C.W. Helm). Fig. 1. The ligamentum teres is retracted anteriorly to allow the infero-posterior surface of the liver to be inspected. The inferior edge of the liver now lies at the top. The pont hepatique connects hepatic segments 3 and 4B. The ligamentum teres enters the inferior end of the tunnel and the left hepatic artery and left portal vein pass to the liver in close proximity to the superior end. 0090-8258/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.09.018 resecting and ablating tumors within, can contribute to complete cytoreductive surgery. A 36 yr old lady underwent laparotomy for a mucinous carcinoma of the ovary of low malignant potential with pseudomyxoma peritonei. As part of her intra-operative assessment the pont hepatique was divided using a tissue sealing energy device to expose the underlying tunnel. Care was taken to avoid damaging the left hepatic artery which passes close to the superior end of the pont. Mucinous depositswere noted on the peritoneumof thefloor of the tunnel and on the terminal portion of the ligamentum teres. The ligamentum teres was isolated, ligated and divided close to its termination taking care not to damage branches of the left portal vein and left hepatic artery supplying segments 3 and 4B of the liver which run close to the base. Bleeding from hepatic parenchyma which formed the pont was controlled and residual mucinous deposits were ablated with the argon beam coagulator. The patient was then treated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin for 90 min. The postoperative course was uncomplicated. Conflict of interest statement Dr Helm has previously received grant support from ThermaSolutions, Inc. (White Bear Lake, Minn) for the HYPER-O registry and from Sanofi-Aventis (Bridgewater, NJ) for a clinical research study investigating hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Dr Jula Veerapong and Dr Harvey Solomon have no financial or other conflicts of interest. Appendix A. Supplementary data Supplementary data to this article can be found online at http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.09.018. Reference [1] Sugarbaker PH. Pont hepatique (hepatic bridge), an important anatomic structure in cytoreductive surgery. J Surg Oncol 2010;101:251-2.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Family Therapy Alliance Scale: An Evaluation of Factor Structure Across Parents and Adolescents Referred for At Risk Services

This study examines the factor structure of the Family Therapy Alliance Scale for mothers, fathers, and adolescents. Participants are 425 individuals from 216 families referred for family therapy for child abuse or neglect. Findings provide some evidence of construct validity. The three-factor model comprised of the alliance content domains of bonds, goals, and tasks and the interpersonal domains of individual, other, and family provided excellent fit. The nine-factor model exhibited poor fit, while an adjusted six-factor model which eliminated the “other” sub-category showed promise for further research. Findings support the reliability of the content and interpersonal domain’s subscales.
Synthesis of Enzyme-Digestible, Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks by Gamma-Irradiation

γ-Irradiation was used to prepare cylindrically shaped, enzyme- digestible hydrogels consisting of a moderately swelling albumin-crosslinked poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) hydrogel core which formed...
Horny cell formation in the epidermis of Rana pipiens

Well preserved transitional cells were found between differentiated cells and horny cells of the frog epidermis, thus facilitating the study of the sequential events involved in horny cell formation. Autolysosomes appear to play an important role in the formation of horny cells. These structures preferentially digest those cytoplasmic components which are not necessary constituents of the terminal horny cell. The release of the contents of the small mucous granules into the intercellular spaces is one of the initial events in horny cell formation. Filaments and large mucous granules seem to be resistant to the lytic digestion and contribute to the bulk of the horny cell. Loss of fluids through the plasma membrane and consolidation of the remaining constituents, results in a flattened horny cell. The appearance of a thickened membrane around the horny cell signifies the completion of the transformation process.
Subcellular localization of the F1 and F2 isozymes of horse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Abstract The subcellular distribution and relative amounts of the two isozymes, F1 and F2, of aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) which were recently purified to homogeneity from horse liver (Eckfeldt, J., et al. (1976) J. Biol. Chem.251, 236–240) have been investigated. A fresh horse liver homogenate was fractionated on DEAE-cellulose. The results indicate that approximately 60% of the total pH 7.0 acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity is due to the F1 isozyme and 40% is due to the F2 isozyme. Several horse livers were then fractionated into subcellular components using a differential centrifugation method. Based on the disulfiram (Antabuse) inhibition and the aldehyde concentration dependence of the enzymatic activity, it appears that the disulfiram-sensitive F1 isozyme (Km acetaldehyde ≅ 70 μ m ) is primarily cytosolic and the disulfiram-insensitive F2 isozyme (Km acetaldehyde ≅ 0.2 μm) is primarily mitochondrial. Fluorescence studies showed that the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase of the intact mitochondria could utilize only the endogenous pyridine nucleotide pool and not externally added NAD. Also, the ethanol dehydrogenase activity was found to be nearly 10 times the total acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity when assaying a horse liver homogenate at pH 7.0 and with saturating substrates. The significant differences between this work and the results reported in rat liver are discussed with respect to the physiological importance of the cytosolic and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase during the ethanol oxidation in vivo.
Suicide in Mainland China by Sex, Urban/Rural Location, and Age: Preliminary Data

Data available from certain areas of Mainland China show higher suicide rates for females than for males in both rural and urban locales. Rates for rural areas were higher than for urban areas.
Galois representations attached to Picard curves

Let J(C) be the Jacobian of a Picard curve C defined over a number field K containing Q(ζ3). We consider the family (ρ˜l)l of l-adic representations defined by the natural action of the Galois group Gal(K¯/K) on the l-power torsion of J(C). We show that for a Picard curve C with endomorphism ring Z[ζ3] the images of these representations are full for all but finitely many primes l. We consider the reduction modulo l of the image of ρ˜l, that is, the action of Gal(K¯/K) on the l-torsion of the Jacobian. This gives a representation ρl into either GL3(Fl) or into a unitary group over Fl2, depending on the splitting behavior of l in Q(ζ3). It is sufficient to show that the image of ρl is full in order to show that the image of ρ˜l is full.
TEST DIFFICULTY AND STEREOTYPE THREAT ON THE GRE® GENERAL TEST

Recent research suggests that stereotype threat may adversely affect the performance of Black and female examinees on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE®) General Test, but that this threat may be minimized by using easier test items. The present study investigated the ability to reduce or eliminate stereotype threat by manipulating the difficulty of items administered via a computer-adaptive version of the General Test; the generalizability of these findings for Black examinees as well as women, and for Verbal as well as Quantitative sections of the test; and the processes that may mediate the effects of stereotype threat on test performance. The standard version of the computer-adaptive General Test or a modified version that presents examinees with items that are easier than usual, and a battery of measures of stereotype threat and possible symptoms or consequences of stereotype threat were administered to college seniors bound to graduate school and to first-year graduate students. Reducing test difficulty did not affect test performance or explicit indexes of stereotype threat for any group, but it lowered the anxiety of White students and women and raised the self-esteem of White students.
Learn about AGU's scientific integrity policies during a Fall Meeting listening session

AGU members are invited to hear about the Union's new Scientific Integrity and Ethics Policy during a listening session at Fall Meeting. (See also the About AGU article by Peter Gleick and Randy Townsend on p. 433.) At this event, members of the Task Force on Scientific Ethics will discuss current efforts to update the Union's policies on scientific integrity. In addition, AGU members will have the opportunity to become involved in helping to shape the future of AGU by providing feedback, ideas, and insights.
Strontium isotope and alkali element abundances in ultramafic rocks

Abstract The concentrations of the trace elements Na, K, Rb and Sr and the isotopic composition of Sr have been measured in a suite of ultramafic rocks, including alpine-type intrusions, inclusions in basalts and kimberlite pipes, zones from stratiform sheets, and a mica peridotite. From these data and those available in the literature the following conclusions can be drawn. Alpine-type ultramafic material appears to be residual in nature and can be neither the source material for the derivation of basalts nor the refractory residue of modern basalts. Alpine-type ultramafic intrusions appear to have no relationship with ultramafic zones in stratiform sheets and were probably derived from the upper mantle. A genetic relationship exists between basalts and their ultramafic inclusions, but it is extremely doubtful that this inclusion material could give rise to basalts by partial fusion. There is a possible genetic relationship between basalts and ultramafic inclusions in kimberlite pipes, and this ultramafic material is a potential source for the derivation of basalts. Ultramafic inclusions in basalts are probably not fragments of an alpine-type ultramafic zone in the mantle. An attempt has been made to synthesize the data and interpretations of this study by way of speculations on the role of ultramafic rocks in the differentiation history of the earth.
What is Significant Learning

(1968). What is Significant Learning/ Improving College and University Teaching: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 178-178.
Species differences in polysaccharide and sugar taste preferences.

This study compared the polysaccharide and sugar taste preferences of humans and four rodent species (laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus: Golden Syrian hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus; Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus; Egyptian spiny mice, Acomys cahirinus) . In Experiment 1 human subjects rated the pleasantness, sweetness, and flavor intensity of polysaccharide (Polycose), sucrose, and maltose solutions at concentrations of 0.0125 M to 0.4 M, and 1% to 32% concentrations. At the higher molar concentrations Polycose was rated as less sweet and less pleasant than the sucrose and maltose solutions; there were no differences in the flavor intensity ratings. With the percent concentrations Polycose was rated as less sweet and less flavorable as the sucrose and maltose solutions; there were no reliable differences in the pleasantness ratings. In Experiment 2, the Polycose, sucrose, and maltose preferences of rats, hamsters, gerbils, and spiny mice were compared using 24 hr two-bottle tests (saccharide vs. water) at concentrations of 0.001 M, 0.005 M, 0.01 M, and 0.1 M. In general, the rats displayed stronger preferences for Polycose and maltose than did the other three species. In addition, the gerbils showed a stronger Polycose preference at the 0.1 M concentration than did the hamsters and spiny mice, and the spiny mice display a weaker preference for sucrose than did the other three species. Within species comparisons revealed that all four species displayed preferences for Polycose that were as strong or stronger than their preferences for sucrose and maltose. With only a few exceptions, male and female rodents did not differ in their saccharide preferences. Thus, while rats show the most robust Polycose preference of the four rodent species, all four species were attracted to the taste of polysaccharides. Humans, on the other hand, reported that Polycose solutions were unpleasant. The results suggest that rodents have taste receptors for starch-derived polysaccharides that humans lack.
Role of environment in developmental models.

Abstract Assuming that a simple filamentous organism can be represented by a certain developmental model (originally due to Lindenmayer) the following problem is investigated. How much specification on the environment is necessary in order to make it possible to tell from a sequence of descriptions showing stages of development of a filament that information within the filament must be flowing in both directions. It is shown that no such conclusion can be drawn if the environment is absolutely unspecified, while it is possible to draw such a conclusion if the environment is kept constant. The borderline between these extremes is described by a series of theorems. The case when the filament is autonomous, i.e. its development is independent of the environment, is also considered, and it is shown that different definitions of autonomy lead to very different results.
The Customer Comes First: Implementing a Customer Service Program at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Libraries

Library customers have more remote information choices than ever before, so we must ensure that when they do come to the library, they experience a welcoming environment, a high standard of service, and receive equitable levels of service across campus. Developing a customer service program was a logical next step to reinforce the ongoing commitment of our libraries to users and providing value to users who do come to the libraries. This article details the implementation of a customer service program at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Libraries and offers tips on implementing a similar program at other institutions.
The influence of exercise and aging on immune function.

Immune function declines significantly with advancing age. While many components of the immune system are adversely affected, T cell-dependent functions are most dramatically compromised. This is most likely a result of involution of the thymus gland known to occur with age. Defects in T cell proliferative capacity/responsiveness, interleukin-2 production and receptor expression, signal transduction, and cytotoxicity are frequently cited problems associated with immunosenescence. The stress imposed by a single bout of exercise elicits a number of cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, and neuroendocrine responses that can directly influence many variables associated with the immune system. Consequently, during exercise, as well as into the subsequent recovery period, immune function can be significantly altered. Further, recent work has shown that as a result of endurance training adaptations in both baseline and exercising immune function can occur. However, extremely little is known regarding the interaction between exercise, aging and the immune system. Given that a number of age-related changes occur in many systems (e.g., neuroendocrine) known to alter immune function both at rest and during exercise, it would be of value to learn the extent to which both acute and chronic exercise influence immune function in the elderly.
Must be the Music: Examining the Placement Effects of Character-Brand Association and Brand Prestige on Consumer Brand Interest within the Music Video Context

First introduced as a way to promote an artist's music, the music video now serves as a communication tool that influences viewers’ consumption patterns across a variety of product categories. Through the use of a quasi-experiment, the effects of the artist-brand relationship and brand prestige on consumer brand interest are examined. Findings indicate that characteristics of the focal brand as well as the brand's link with an individual in the video may especially impact a consumer's interest in owning a brand. Managerial and scholarly implications are also advanced.
Bipolar disorder and substance abuse

Substance use disorders are overrepresented in individuals with bipolar and bipolar spectrum disorders. Although awareness of this phenomenon has increased over the past 20 years, few empirically based treatment strategies have been developed for this challenging patient population. This review examines the relationship between bipolar and substance use disorders and treatment options that have been studied in this patient population. First, we examine the high prevalence rates of substance use disorders in individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder, the common problems associated with establishing a bipolar disorder diagnosis in individuals who abuse substances, the possible explanations for the frequent coexistence of bipolar and substance use disorders, and the negative effect of substance abuse on the course of and treatment outcomes for bipolar disorder. The review then focuses on treatment approaches for this patient population, including integrated group therapy for co-occurring bipolar and substance use disorders and pharmacotherapies that target both disorders. Finally, we present suggestions for medications that might be tested for their efficacy in treating both disorders in specific subgroups of patients with bipolar and substance use disorders.
MEDICINE, CAPITALISM, AND SOCIETY: TWO CONTRASTING VIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: The Social Transformation of American Medicine. Paul Starr. The Second Sickness: Contradictions of Capitalist Health Care. Howard Waitzkin.
Inherent limitations to the problem of reducing the lysine microbiological assay time.

A kinetic approach is proposed to shorten the microbiological assay time for the determination of unboundl-lysine. The present lysine bacterial assay takes from 16 to 24 h usingPediococcus cerevisiae P-60 ATCC 8042 (formerlyLeuconostoc mesenteroides P-60 ATCC 8042) and uses a medium in which lysine is the limiting substrate. Measurements of the final cell concentration are linearly correlated with the initial concentration of lysine,S*, to provide an indirect estimate ofS*. We propose to understand the limitations inherent to the reduction of the assay time to 4 h by focusing in our analysis on the bacterial late lag or early growth transient phases, rather than the stationary phase of growth. Generally, the Monod equation is expected to describe a hyperbolically increasing correlation between the bacterial specific growth rate at about 2–4 h and the initial lysine concentration. A hyperbolic correlation is obtained by 3 h, but the lysine region of interest falls in the saturated portion of the curve. Discriminations between different initial lysine levels are therefore difficult with this nearly flat curve. On the other hand, when the initial inoculum level is lowered, so that substrate inhibition becomes effective, a correlation with a large negative slope is obtained by 4 h. Limitations to using absorbance measurements for the rapid assay turn up in a lack of reproducibility and, hence, a large variance associated with the measurements. Alternative microbial measuring techniques, such as impedance methods, need to be examined in order to reduce that large variance.
Acoustic Emission Historic Index and Frequency Spectrum of Reinforced Concrete under Accelerated Corrosion

AbstractThe main cause of degradation for reinforced concrete (RC) structures is the corrosion of the steel reinforcement. Laboratory tests aimed at studying durability are typically accelerated to provide usable results within a reasonable period of time, and well-established electrochemical techniques are used for the assessment of corrosion. However, because these techniques are not suitable for continuous monitoring and are often intrusive, nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques are also suitable for monitoring. Acoustic emission (AE) is one of the NDT techniques used to detect the onset and progression of corrosion. This paper presents an accelerated corrosion test setup and AE monitoring methodology based on the historic index, H(t), for laboratory experiments on RC specimens. Accelerated corrosion is attained by increasing the capillarity suction of RC exposed to chlorides. The frequency spectrum of the AE signals before and after the initiation of corrosion is investigated to isolate the frequenc...
Acculturation and gambling in Asian Americans: when culture meets availability

Research shows that culture influences gambling behaviours. While there is anecdotal evidence about the pervasiveness of gambling and the seriousness of problems in Asian communities in the US, there is little information in the academic literature on acculturation and its effect on gambling behaviours in Asian populations. This study found that gambling prevalence in the Asian population is much lower, but the rate of problem gambling is higher than or equal to that in the general population of the US. Higher gambling availability in the US, combined with a gambling-permissive Asian culture, seems to contribute to an increase in gambling participation and problem gambling in Asians living in western countries. The results highlight the importance of investigating acculturation in gambling behaviours among diverse Asian American ethnic groups. In addition, measures should be developed that take into account gambling culture in order to design culturally responsive treatment/prevention programs for Asian A...
Computer observer for in-process measurement of lathe tool wear

Abstract In the laboratory, tool wear is measured by direct visual observation of flank and crater wear dimensions using a tool maker's microscope. On the shop floor, the journeyman machinist uses chip appearance, sound, vibration, and surface finish to access tool condition. More precise information can be provided by between pass measurements of work piece dimensions. Although there is a body of research directed toward in-process measurement of tool wear, none has found practical application on the shop floor. This, despite the demands of unattended operation of machine tools in the automated factory. Two of the authors have developed a state space model of metal cutting on a lathe. Operation of that model was experimentally accessed using the Advanced Continuous Simulation Language (ACSL) [1]. The state space model embodied in the simulation is comprised of six state variables. In an actual lathe, four of those variables (spindle speed and torque, and cutting speed and force) would be directly measurable. The other two variables, flank and crater tool wear, would not be measurable. This paper describes a linear observer that reconstructs the two tool wear state variables based on system inputs and the four measurable state variables. In actual use the observer would be implemented using a microcomputer dedicated to the lathe. In this study, the previously developed ACSL model was substituted for the lathe, and the linear observer was incorporated as an extension to the simulation. Operation of the observer, including response to initial errors, is demonstrated.
Sealed-Off Ignitrons for Welding Control

Accurate control of high currents for resistance welding may be obtained by igniter-type mercury-cathode tubes capable of conducting 7,000 amperes in impulses of from less than 0.01 second to several seconds duration. This paper describes design principles and manufacturing technique for tubes of the sealed-off type.
The "third eye": a psychoendocrine model of hypnotizability.

Abstract Several well-known hypnotic induction procedures and one major hypnotizability index all make use of an eye-roll maneuver of forced upward gaze. No neurophysiological mechanism can adequately account for this seemingly fortuitous association. However, an ancient Eastern psychophysiological paradigm based on introspectively discovered “energy centers” (which correspond strikingly in anatomic location to the endocrine glands) relates this so-called “third-eye” region between the eyebrows (and its associated pituitary gland) to various dissociative phenomena. Modern clinical data also link some hypnotic phenomena, including the eye-roll maneuver, to pituitary gland function and to psychoendocrine feedback loops. Several preliminary clinical examples support the notion that optimum pituitary gland function underlies the biologically based capacity for hypnosis that is measured by the eye-roll test. Several simple but testable clinical predictions are presented for future study.
Theoretical study of inelastic collisions of hot atoms

Abstract In this work, use is made of the integral-equation approach to study inelastic collisions so frequently encountered in hot-atom chemistry. To do this a few assumptions are made which on the one hand enable the analytic derivation and on the other hand are still real enough in the sense that the solution obtained is valid and meaningful. It is found that the inelasticity in the collision between a hot atom and a reactive molecule manifests itself as a parameter which can be defined only by analogy as the average energy loss in an inelastic collision.
Symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and callous-unemotional traits as unique predictors of psychosocial maladjustment in boys: Advancing an evidence base for DSM-V.

Objective The incremental utility of symptoms of conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and callous-unemotional (CU) traits for predicting psychosocial outcomes across multiple domains was examined in a community sample of 1,517 boys. Method Several outcomes were assessed semiannually across a 2-year follow-up, including antisocial behavior, internalizing problems, peer conflict, and academic difficulties. Official criminal charges were also examined across adolescence. Results CD symptoms emerged as the most robust predictor of future antisocial outcomes. However, ODD symptoms predicted later criminal charges and conduct problems, and CU traits were robustly associated with serious and persistent criminal behavior in boys. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms predicted increases in oppositional defiant behavior and conduct problems over time and were uniquely related to future academic difficulties. Both ADHD and ODD symptoms predicted social and internalizing problems in boys, whereas CU traits were associated with decreased internalizing problems over time. Conclusions The current findings have implications for revisions being considered as part of the DSM-V . Specifically, incorporating CU traits into the diagnostic criteria for Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) may help to further delineate boys at risk for severe and persistent delinquency. Although currently prohibited, allowing a diagnosis of ODD when CD is present may provide unique prognostic information about boys who are at risk for future criminal behavior, social problems, and internalizing problems.
On the Equivalence of Ramanujan's Partition Identities and a Connection with the Rogers)Ramanujan Continued Fraction

Abstract A famous identity of Ramanujan connected with partitions modulo 5 is shown to be equivalent to another identity of Ramanujan. The latter identity is used to establish a differential equation for the Rogers–Ramanujan continued fraction found in Ramanujan's lost notebook. We also prove that two other identities of Ramanujan are equivalent, one of which is associated with Ramanujan's partition congruence modulo 7. Last, we give a new proof of the transformation formula for the Dedekind eta-function, which is used in our proofs of equivalence.
Temprature dependence of the deuterium isotope effect in the deprotonation of some nitroalkanes by anionic bases

The temperature dependences of rates and deuterium isotope effects were determined for the deprotonation of 1-phenyl-1-nitroethane (1), its analogue 1-d, 1-phenyl-2-nitropropane (2) and its analogue 2-d by methoxide in methanol, ethoxide in ethanol, hydroxide/methoxide in 50% (v/v) methanol-water and hydroxide in water. The isotope effects varied little with substrate or solvent-base combination. k H /k D at 30 °C was between 6.0 and 7.1 in all cases. The temperature dependences varied considerably [A aH /A aD = 0.14-1.35 and E aD − E aH 0.95−2.29 kcal mol −1 (1 kcal = 4.184 kJ)]. A aH /A aD was lower with 1-phenyl-1-nitroethane than with 1-phenyl-2-nitropropane, but there was no consistent variation with solvent/base
Stereotypes versus experience: Indexing regional identity in Bolivian Valley Spanish

Stereotypes of highland and lowland identity categories in the Santa Cruz valleys of Bolivia are linked to phonetic variation in the Spanish discourse marker pues. Highlanders are believed to say [pwes] or [ps] while lowlanders are believed to say [pweh] or [pwe]. However, these beliefs erase two types of differences. First, they erase a distinction among highlanders. While highlanders from the Potosi-Oruro area pronounce pues as they are believed to, highlanders from Cochabamba do not. Secondly, these beliefs erase intra-speaker variation. Highlanders sometimes use the lowland variants of pues, and vice versa. When people use atypical pronunciations, they invoke an indexical field linked to the group associated with that variant. This indexical field references stereotypical ideas about groups even when they are inaccurate. Specifically, highland variants index ‘pushy’ or ‘aggressive’ stances, which are associated with people from Cochabamba, even though people from Cochabamba do not use highland variants of pues. Los estereotipos de las categorias de identidad de ‘alteno’ y ‘terrabajense’ en los valles crucenos de Bolivia se vinculan con la variacion fonetica en el marcador de discurso pues. Se cree que los altenos dicen [pwes] o [ps] mientras que los terrabajenses dicen [pweh] o [pwe]. Sin embargo, estas creencias ignoran dos clases de diferencias. Primero, ignoran una distincion entre los altenos de manera que los altenos de la zona de Potosi y Oruro pronuncian pues segun lo que se cree, mientras que en los altenos de Cochabamba este no es el caso y no lo dicen como se cree. Segundo, estas creencias ignoran la variacion intra-hablante. Los altenos suelen usar las variantes terrabajense de pues de vez en cuando, y viceversa. Cuando la gente utiliza las formas atipicas, invocan un campo indexical (indexical field) que se vincula con el grupo asociado con esa variante. El campo indexical se refiere a ideas estereotipicas sobre los grupos, aun cuando estas son inexactas. Especificamente, las variantes altenas se usan para crear actitudes agresivas o enfaticas, las cuales se asocian con la gente de Cochabamba a pesar de que ellos no utilizan las variantes altenas de pues.
A BAYESIAN DECISION-THEORETIC PROCEDURE FOR USE WITH CRITERION-REFERENCED TESTS1

In a previous paper, Hambleton and Novick (1973) conceptualized a decisiontheoretic formulation for several issues in criterion-referenced measurement. Among the issues discussed was the important problem of allocating individuals to mastery states. These authors proposed a solution to the problem based on a Bayesian procedure given by Novick, Lewis, and Jackson (1973). More recently, Lewis, Wang, and Novick (1973) have developed a Bayesian procedure that is more appropriate in the context of criterion-referenced measurement. Based on this most recent
Central and peripheral limitations to upright exercise in untrained cardiac transplant recipients

BACKGROUNDFunctional capacity and quality of life are subjectively improved after cardiac transplantation. However, the objective improvement in exercise tolerance after transplantation has been disappointing. The extent to which allograft diastolic dysfunction contributes to this exercise intolerance has not been defined.METHODS AND RESULTSThirty cardiac transplant recipients between 3 and 16 months after transplantation and 30 age-matched normal control subjects underwent maximal symptom-limited graded upright bicycle exercise testing with simultaneous radionuclide angiography, invasive hemodynamic monitoring, and breath-by-breath gas analysis. Mean blood pressure was higher in the transplant group at supine rest (112.1 versus 97.7 mm Hg), normalized with upright posture, and became lower than normal at peak exercise (121.1 versus 133.2 mm Hg). Systolic function as measured by ejection fraction was normal in both groups. However, the cardiac transplant recipients had significantly lower exercise toleran...
Laterality of aggressive responses in Anolis

This experiment examined whether or not aggression in the lizard Anolis (suborder Lacertilia, family Iguanidae) is lateralized. Five pair of adult Anolis were subjected to several 20 min behavioral trials, during which one animal was placed in the cage of the other. Behaviors were captured on video and coded according to eye preference, motor activity, posture, and color. Analysis of the data found that the most aggressive behaviors, including biting, threatened biting, and aggressive movements, were done under the guidance of the left eye. Both left and right eyes were used with equal frequency during non-aggressive movements. Most of these aggressive episodes were done while the animals were “lightly” colored. Because of an almost complete crossing-over of the optic tract in Anolis, along with the absence of a corpus callosum, it is likely that most, if not all, of the information in the left eye was processed by the right hemisphere. These results suggest that the lizard Anolis, like humans, rats, and chicks, may mediate aggressive responses predominantly through right-hemispheric brain mechanisms. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A resumé of nonlocal transport theories

Analysis from a number of different perspectives has shown diffusion and dispersion in natural porous formations to generally be nonlocal in character, i.e., the mass balance involves integro-partial differential equations. Only in certain asymptotic limits do these laws localize to classical partial differential equations. Compiled within is a resume of nonlocal laws that our group has developed over the last few years for systems with physical, chemical and biological heterogeneity. Analytical tools used to obtain these laws are nonequilibrium and equilibrium statistical mechanics, and first-order spectral-perturbation methods. This paper is an expansion of the material presented at the Waterloo conference held in the memory of Dr. Unny.
Mitochondrial Membrane Potentials Measured with Microelectrodes: Probable Ionic Basis

The membrane potentials of isolated Drosophila mitochondria have been measured under a variety of conditions by microelectrodes driven by a piezoelectric device. The results support the interpretation that the potentials are the result of a distribution of ions imposed by a Donnan effect.
Recent developments in quantitative ultrasonic NDE of composites

Abstract This paper summarizes several recent developments which are facilitating new approaches for both active and passive quantitative ultrasonic measurements in composite materials. These include the development of point sources and point receivers, a theory for analysing the propagation of transient elastic waves through a bounded, dispersive and attenuative medium and the development and implementation of appropriate signal processing algorithms by which the detected ultrasonic signals can be processed to recover the elastic properties of an anisotropic material, the characteristics of wave propagation, or the characteristics of the source. An alternative to these deterministic approaches is a processing scheme based on a simulated intelligent system which processes ultrasonic signals like a neutral network. Examples of applications of these ideas to the ultrasonic NDE of composite materials are given.
Media and political transformations: Revolutionary changes of the world's cultures

This essay posits that a relationship exists between the dominant communication technology of a nation‐state and the controlling political structure and process of a nation‐state. In other words, we suggest that how a nation‐state acquires and processes information is directly related to the type of political system employed to make and implement societal decisions. The ten‐year period from 1985 through 1994 provides an excellent opportunity to explore such a relationship, because it is the period when profound transformations occurred in the political identity, geographic boundaries, and power of nation‐states (such as the U.S.S.R. and Germany) while these same nation‐states also underwent an equally profound set of changes in their dominant communication technologies. Media profiles of 169 nation‐states in 1985 and 181 nation‐states in 1994 are compared and correlated to changes in their subsequent political orientations. In general, it is concluded that nation‐states are likely to adopt increasingly li...
Mobility-based internetworking of disjoint segments

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployed in inhospitable environments are at increased risk of failure due to malicious enemy action, environmental causes or component malfunction. Large scale failure can divide a network into disjoint segments and disrupt its operation. Reestablishing inter-segment connectivity is of paramount importance to ensure that the network functions effectively. Mobile nodes within surviving disjoint segments can be used to serve as mobile data collectors (MDCs) to tour individual segments and reconnect them by ferrying messages. However finding shortest tours for MDCs is a NP hard problem. In this paper we present a mobility based polynomial time approach for internetworking of disjoint segments (MINDS) by using k MDCs to establish tours between segments. MINDs aims to not only minimize total tour length but also balance the load equitably between the k MDCs. MINDS uses a divide and conquer approach to successively split the larger tour into two around a central node at every step, until we obtain k optimized tours. MINDS is validated through simulation and is shown outperform competing schemes in the literature.
The possibility of a universal declaration of biomedical ethics

Statements on issues in biomedical ethics, purporting to represent international interests, have been put forth by numerous groups. Most of these groups are composed of thinkers in the tradition of European secularism, and do not take into account the values of other ethical systems. One fifth of the world's population is accounted for by Islam, which is a universal religion, with more than 1400 years of scholarship. Although many values are held in common by secular ethical systems and Islam, their inferences are different. The question, "Is it possible to derive a truly universal declaration of biomedical ethics?" is discussed here by examining the value and extent of personal autonomy in Western and Islamic biomedical ethical constructs. These constructs are then tested vis-a-vis the issue of abortion. It is concluded that having a universal declaration of biomedical ethics in practice is not possible, although there are many conceptual similarities and agreements between secular and Islamic value systems, unless a radical paradigm shift occurs in segments of the world's deliberative bodies. The appellation "universal" should not be used on deliberative statements unless the ethical values of all major schools of thought are satisfied.
Assessing Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Negative Interaction With the Clergy and Health Among Older Mexican Americans

A rapidly growing literature indicates that supportive social relationships are associated with better physical and mental health. However, this research further reveals that interaction with others may also be conflicted and unpleasant. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate negative interaction that arises within a social context that is important to many older Mexican Americans (i.e., negative interaction with a member of the clergy). FINDINGS from a nationwide survey of older Mexican Americans indicate that more frequent interpersonal conflict with a member of the clergy is associated with less favorable self-rated health as well as more acute and chronic health conditions. However, these effects were observed among older Mexican American women but not among older Mexican American men. Language: en
Accurate gene-tree reconstruction by learning gene- and species-specific substitution rates across multiple complete genomes

Comparative genomics provides a general methodology for discovering functional DNA elements and understanding their evolution. The availability of many related genomes enables more powerful analyses, but requires rigorous phylogenetic methods to resolve orthologous genes and regions. Here, we use 12 recently sequenced Drosophila genomes and nine fungal genomes to address the problem of accurate gene-tree reconstruction across many complete genomes. We show that existing phylogenetic methods that treat each gene tree in isolation show large-scale inaccuracies, largely due to insufficient phylogenetic information in individual genes. However, we find that gene trees exhibit common properties that can be exploited for evolutionary studies and accurate phylogenetic reconstruction. Evolutionary rates can be decoupled into gene-specific and species-specific components, which can be learned across complete genomes. We develop a phylogenetic reconstruction methodology that exploits these properties and achieves significantly higher accuracy, addressing the species-level heterotachy and enabling studies of gene evolution in the context of species evolution.