cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 481: In vivo imaging identifies that myf5+ embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma-propagating cells are dynamically reorganized during tumor growth

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is a devastating pediatric cancer with specific features of muscle differentiation. Here, we use a transgenic zebrafish model of RAS-induced ERMS and show that myf5+ ERMS cells possess self-renewal potential, confirming that ERMS is a cancer stem cell driven disease. The ERMS-initiating cell is molecularly similar to an activated satellite cell and expresses myf5, m-cadherin, and c-met. To directly visualize tumor-initiating cells in vivo, fluorescent transgenic zebrafish were created that express myf5-GFP, myogenin-h2b-mRFP, and mylz2-lyn-cyan. These transcription factors are expressed during distinct stages of muscle/ERMS development and transgenic reporter lines using these gene promoters allow self-renewing cells to imaged in live animals by confocal microscopy. myf5-GFP+ ERMS-initiating cells from early stage tumors lie in immediate proximity to muscle fibers where normal satellite cells reside. However, as tumors grow, the niche is greatly expanded with the number of myf5-GFP+ cells increasing by 10-fold per fiber. By late stages of tumor growth, myf5-GFP+ ERMS cells are re-localized into a new tumor-specific stem cell niche that is no longer associated with fibers and is separated from more differentiated myogenin+ and myogenein/mylz2 double positive tumor cells. Analysis of human ERMS showed that tumors also contain regional niches of differentiated and undifferentiated cells. Time-lapse imaging of live zebrafish showed that myf5-GFP+ ERMS cells move only locally within the tumor and remain largely confined to stable self-renewing niches. By contrast, myogenin+ cells move dynamically throughout tumors and colonize new areas for tumor growth by both migration through the tissue and entry into the vasculature system. Following colonization by myogenin+ cells, self-renewing myf5+ cells are recruited to new areas of tumor growth. Our findings reconcile the clinical observation that myogenin-positivity in RMS correlates with poor outcome, because it is these cells that intravasate into blood vessels, invade new areas of tumor growth, and recruit slow moving self-renewing cells to newly colonized areas. Taken together, our in vivo imaging studies provide unprecedented access to directly visualize tumor growth in real-time and to define the kinetics of self-renewal and tumor dissemination as has never been assessed in any experimental model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 481. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-481
Aerosol Jet Cleaning of Silicon Wafer Surfaces

A new wafer cleaning technique, Aerosol Jet Cleaning (AJC), using a supersonic liquid aerosol jet was studied. AJC has been used to remove effectively both particulate and thin film contaminants from silicon wafer surfaces. Submicron polystyrene latex spheres, micron sized spherical silica particles and irregular silicon dust were successfully removed from silicon substrates using a supersonic ultrafine liquid methanol aerosol jet. The cleaning efficacy of the methanol AJC for thin film contaminants such as fingerprints has also been shown to be very effective. Surface roughness of silicon substrates before and after clean-up by AJC was measured with an atomic force microscope and virtually no change in surface roughness was observed in these studies.
A Dialogue about Protein Crystallization and Phase Diagrams

A lighthearted researcher and a disheartened student discuss the challenges of protein crystallization and how phase diagrams can be used to address these challenges. The student feels a little better afterwards, but many proteins remain uncrystallized.
National Security Letters and Diminishing Privacy Rights

Imagine you are a small-town librarian on the executive board of a nonprofit consortium of about twenty-five public libraries in Iowa. One day two agents from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) come to see you at work. After you greet them, they hand you a two-page letter, over official letterhead, stating that “Under the authority of Executive Order 12333, dated December 4, 1981, and pursuant to Title 18, United States Code (U.S.C.) Section 279,” you must provide to the FBI “subscriber information, billing information, and access logs of any person or entity related to” a specific Internet protocol address for a forty-five-minute period on June 3, 2008. You quickly realize that you are being asked, under authority of law, to disclose the private information of a patron using a library computer in your consortium. As you read on, you see that the letter says that a “Special Agent in Charge” has signed it and certifies that the “information sought is relevant to an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities.” The letter, somewhat ominously, “advises” you that you cannot tell anyone that the FBI is seeking the information.1
Grid-Integration Control Strategy of Large-Scale Battery Energy Storage System and Its Application to Improve Transient Stability of Interconnected Power Grid

Based on existing leveling/smoothing control strategy of battery energy storage system(BESS),an additional frequency response-based grid-integration control strategy for BESS,which is not only compatible with existing control strategy to restrain output fluctuation of new energy sources,but also can improve transient stability of power grid,is proposed.The proposed control strategy is composed of three parts: existing leveling/smoothing control,additional frequency control and overall amplitude limiting.The leveling/smoothing control is compatible with existing control strategy to effectively restrain power fluctuation from batch-type new energy sources;utilizing system frequency as input signal,the additional frequency control implements the first frequency regulation to improve transient stability of power grid;based on actual operation conditions the overall amplitude limiting dynamically adjusts upper-and lower-limit of the output of each control to implement the utilization of energy storage system maximally and evenly.Preliminary application of additional frequency control strategy is researched at Jiuquan wind power base of Northwest China power grid,and simulation results show that this control strategy can effectively improve stability of power grid.Based on the principle that the renewable energy source generation integrated with BESS possesses the same or similar supporting capacity for transient stability as conventional units do,the configuration ratio of BESS to wind power in the Jiuquan base can be set as about 5%.
Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Inflammation, Injury, and Fibrosis with Renal Function Decline: The ACCORD Trial

Background and objectives Current measures for predicting renal functional decline in patients with type 2 diabetes with preserved renal function are unsatisfactory, and multiple markers assessing various biologic axes may improve prediction. We examined the association of four biomarker-to-creatinine ratio levels (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IL-18, kidney injury molecule-1, and YKL-40) with renal outcome. Design, setting, participants, & measurements We used a nested case-control design in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Disease Trial by matching 190 participants with ≥40% sustained eGFR decline over the 5-year follow-up period to 190 participants with ≤10% eGFR decline in a 1:1 fashion on key characteristics (age within 5 years, sex, race, baseline albumin-to-creatinine ratio within 20 μ g/mg, and baseline eGFR within 10 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ), with ≤10% decline. We used a Mesoscale Multiplex Platform and measured biomarkers in baseline and 24-month specimens, and we examined biomarker associations with outcome using conditional logistic regression. Results Baseline and 24-month levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1-to-creatinine ratio levels were higher for cases versus controls. The highest quartile of baseline monocyte chemotactic protein-1-to-creatinine ratio had fivefold greater odds, and each log increment had 2.27-fold higher odds for outcome (odds ratio, 5.27; 95% confidence interval, 2.19 to 12.71 and odds ratio, 2.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.44 to 3.58, respectively). IL-18-to-creatinine ratio, kidney injury molecule-1-to-creatinine ratio, and YKL-40-to-creatinine ratio were not consistently associated with outcome. C statistic for traditional predictors of eGFR decline was 0.70, which improved significantly to 0.74 with monocyte chemotactic protein-1-to-creatinine ratio. Conclusions Urinary monocyte chemotactic protein-1-to-creatinine ratio concentrations were strongly associated with sustained renal decline in patients with type 2 diabetes with preserved renal function.
Cryoconite pans on Snowball Earth: supraglacial oases for Cryogenian eukaryotes?

Geochemical, paleomagnetic, and geochronological data increasingly support the Snowball Earth hypothesis for Cryogenian glaciations. Yet, the fossil record reveals no clear-cut evolutionary bottleneck. Climate models and the modern cryobiosphere offer insights on this paradox. Recent modeling implies that Snowball continents never lacked ice-free areas. Wind-blown dust from these areas plus volcanic ash were trapped by snow on ice sheets and sea ice. At a Snowball onset, sea ice was too thin to flow and ablative ice was too cold for dust retention. After a few millenia, sea ice reached 100 s of meters in thickness and began to flow as a 'sea glacier' toward an equatorial ablation zone. At first, dust advected to the ablative surface was recycled by winds, but as the surface warmed with rising CO2 , dust aka cryoconite began to accumulate. As a sea glacier has no terminus, cryoconite saturated the surface. It absorbed solar radiation, supported cyanobacterial growth, and sank to an equilibrium depth forming holes and decameter-scale pans of meltwater. As meltwater production rose, drainages developed, connecting pans to moulins, where meltwater was flushed into the subglacial ocean. Flushing cleansed the surface, creating a stabilizing feedback. If the dust flux rose, cryoconite was removed; if the dust flux waned, cryoconite accumulated. In addition to cyanobacteria, modern cryoconite holes are inhabited by green algae, fungi, protists, and certain metazoans. On Snowball Earth, cryoconite pans provided stable interconnected habitats for eukaryotes tolerant of fresh to brackish cold water on an ablation surface 60 million km2 in area. Flushing and burial of organic matter was a potential source of atmospheric oxygen. Dominance of green algae among Ediacaran eukaryotic primary producers is a possible legacy of Cryogenian cryoconite pans, but a schizohaline ocean-supraglacial freshwater and subglacial brine-may have exerted selective stress on early metazoans, or impeded their evolution.
Porous media of the Red River Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota: a possible Sedimentary Enhanced Geothermal System

Fracture-stimulated enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) can be developed in both crystalline rocks and sedimentary basins. The Red River Formation (Ordovician) is a viable site for development of a sedimentary EGS (SEGS) because the formation temperatures exceed 140 °C and the permeability is 0.1–38 mD; fracture stimulation can be utilized to improve permeability. The spatial variations of the properties of the Red River Formation were analyzed across the study area in order to understand the distribution of subsurface formation temperatures. Maps of the properties of the Red River Formation–including depth to the top of the formation, depth to the bottom of the formation, porosity, geothermal gradient, heat flow, and temperature–were produced by the Kriging interpolation method in ArcGIS. In the future, these results may be utilized to create a reservoir simulation model of an SEGS in the Red River Formation; the purpose of this model would be to ascertain the thermal response of the reservoir to fracture stimulation.
The extracellular matrix in stem cell commitment: Biphasic role of chondroitin sulfate in cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells through inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling

T glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate is a critical component of proteoglycans on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. As such, chondroitin sulfate side chains and the sulfation balance of chondroitin play important roles in the control of signaling pathways, and have a functional importance in human disease. In contrast, very little is known about the roles of chondroitin sulfate molecules and sulfation patterns during mammalian development and cell lineage specification. Here, the author reports a novel biphasicrole of chondroitin sulfate in the specification of the cardiac cell lineage during embryonic stem cell differentiation through modulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Lineage marker analysis demonstrates that enzymatic elimination of endogenous chondroitin sulfates leads to defects specifically in cardiac differentiation. This is accompanied by a reduction in the number of beating cardiac foci. Mechanistically, it is shown that endogenous chondroitin sulfate controls cardiac differentiation in a temporal biphasic manner through inhibition of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, a known regulatory pathway for the cardiac lineage. Treatment with a specific exogenous chondroitin sulfate, CS-E, could mimic these biphasic effects on cardiac differentiation and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. These results establish chondroitin sulfate and its sulfation balance as important regulators of cardiac cell lineage decisions through control of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. The work suggests that targeting the chondroitin biosynthesis and sulfation machinery is a novel promising avenue in regenerative strategies after heart injury.
Genetic Pathways to Insomnia

This review summarizes current research on the genetics of insomnia, as genetic contributions are thought to be important for insomnia etiology. We begin by providing an overview of genetic methods (both quantitative and measured gene), followed by a discussion of the insomnia genetics literature with regard to each of the following common methodologies: twin and family studies, candidate gene studies, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Next, we summarize the most recent gene identification efforts (primarily GWAS results) and propose several potential mechanisms through which identified genes may contribute to the disorder. Finally, we discuss new genetic approaches and how these may prove useful for insomnia, proposing an agenda for future insomnia genetics research.
Crowd Sensing of Road Conditions and Its Monetary Implications on Vehicle Navigation

This paper quantifies the monetary impact of using road roughness data for path planning. Using a crowd-based data source, a vehicle cost model we performed a sensitivity analysis to investigate the monetary implications on vehicle owners. The results are presented as a collection of trade-off matrices showing potential yearly cost savings for different car types, road roughness levels. Moreover, the dependency between fuel price, overall cost savings is presented. Although the cost savings depend on vehicle type, on the fuel costs, our results show that the main factor is the amount of road segments with high roughness index. In particular, car owners can benefit from rerouting to a smoother road profile only in regions with road roughness at least IRI ~ 4 m/km.
Potential Applications of Smart Multifunctional Wearable Materials to Gerontology

Smart multifunctional materials can play a constructive role in addressing some very important aging-related issues. Aging affects the ability of older adults to continue to live safely and economically in their own residences for as long as possible. Thus, there will be a greater need for preventive, acute, rehabilitative, and long-term health care services for older adults as well as a need for tools to enable them to function independently during daily activities. The objective of this paper is, thus, to present a comprehensive review of some potential smart materials and their areas of applications to gerontology. Thus, brief descriptions of various currently available multifunctional smart materials and their possible applications to aging-related problems are presented. It is concluded that some of the most important applications to geriatrics may be in various sensing scenarios to collect health-related feedback or information and provide personalized care. Further described are the applications of wearable technologies to aging-related needs, including devices for home rehabilitation, remote monitoring, social well-being, frailty monitoring, monitoring of diabetes and wound healing and fall detection or prediction. It is also concluded that wearable technologies, when combined with an appropriate application and with appropriate feedback, may help improve activities and functions of older patients with chronic diseases. Finally, it is noted that methods developed to measure what one collectively manages in this population may provide a foundation to establish new definitions of quality of life.
Cadmium Carcinogenesis and Mechanistic Insights

The heavy metal cadmium is ubiquitous in the environment. Occupational exposures to cadmium have long been linked to cancers of various organs. Emerging epidemiological data, although often limited by study deficits, provide convincing evidence of lung, kidney, prostate, and breast cancers after cadmium exposure. Experimental evidences from animal models and in vitro cell culture systems aid in discerning the molecular pathways of these cancers and provide biological plausibility for cadmium carcinogenesis. The International Agency for Research on Cancer declared cadmium as group I carcinogen with sufficient evidence for cancer in humans. This chapter discusses the molecular pathways of cadmium carcinogenesis for specific organs followed by a brief discussion on general molecular pathways of cadmium-induced carcinogenesis. Finally, conclusions are drawn on the existing database in order to identify common and unique molecular pathways of these cancers and to infer biological plausibility.
The Systems, Man, and Cybernetics of Driverless Cars: Challenges and Opportunities for the SMCS

The IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society (SMCS) has arrived at a perfect storm of opportunity. The advent of driverless cars aligns with every noun in our Society's name. I hope we are up to the task.
The Structure of the Internal Bore in the Strait of Gibraltar and its Influence on the Atlantic Inflow

As part of the Gibraltar Experiment, acoustic Doppler current profilers were deployed in the Tarifa Narrows section of the Strait of Gibraltar. Analysis of data from a Doppler profiler deployed near midstrait has shown that the passage of large amplitude nonlinear internal waves exerts profound influence on both the transient and mean flow structures in this section of the strait. Direct current measurements in the Tarifa Narrows yield an inflow transport estimate of one Sverdrup in the Atlantic layer. Of this total approximately 60% is associated with the internal bore, and only 40% is due to the steady circulation.
Venous Thromboembolism during Interventional MRI-Guided Stereotactic Surgery.

Background/aims Interventional MRI (iMRI) allows real-time confirmation of electrode and microcatheter location in anesthetized patients; however, MRI-compatible pneumatic compression devices (PCD) to reduce the periprocedural venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk are not commercially available. Given the paucity of literature on VTE following iMRI surgery, better characterizing patients suffering this complication and the incidence of this event following iMRI procedures is pivotal for defining best surgical practices. We aim to investigate the incidence of postoperative VTE in iMRI procedures without the use of PCD. Methods Medical records and operative times of patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics and mean surgical durations were reported with statistical comparisons via ANOVA and the 2-tailed Student t test, an α of 0.05, and the Bonferroni correction. Patients experiencing postoperative VTE underwent an in-depth chart review. Results Two out of two hundred ten (0.95%) iMRI procedures resulted in postoperative VTE events. There were statistically significant differences in procedure times between unilateral electrode (157.5 ± 5.7 min), bilateral electrode (193.6 ± 2.9 min), and bilateral gene therapy procedures (467.3 ± 26.5 min). Both patients had longer-than-average operative times for their respective procedures. Conclusions The incidence of postoperative VTE is low following iMRI procedures, even without the use of PCD during surgery.
In the Wake of Disaster: Resilient Organizing and a New Path for the Future

High-hazard organizations are unique due to their susceptibility to disasters that can have grave consequences not just for the organization but also for stakeholders, the communities in which they operate and the environment. Though prominence is placed on understanding how high-hazard organizations avoid such events, how they create a new future when such an event does occur is underexplored. The purpose of this chapter, thus, is to investigate how organizations create a new future in the wake of a disaster through resilient organizing. Using an instrumental case study methodology, this study investigates how executives at British Petroleum (BP), a high-hazard organization, embodied resilient organizing following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. We show how resilient organizing helped BP bounce back and beyond by learning from the disaster, finding resolve, refocusing and experiencing transformation through action. In doing so, BP endeavored to prepare for, build, cultivate and commit to a new future. Insights from this research point to resilient organizing as a promising strategy for creating a new future and suggest future avenues for research on resilient organizing in high-hazard contexts and beyond.
A Thin Film Flowmeter for use in Liquid Helium II

A novel flowmeter design has been investigated for the metering of liquid He II bulk flows in small channels. The flowmeter consists of a thin film heater with thin film temperature sensors located upstream and downstream from the heater. The thin film heaters and sensors can be placed on the inside walls of the channel and should not restrict the flow or cause cavitation as do venturi or turbine flowmeters. One mode of operation is to pulse the heater, creating second sound pulses which travel upstream and downstream to the temperature sensors. The Doppler shift in the pulse arrival times can be related to the bulk flow velocity. A second operational mode requires a continuous sinusoidal driving current supplied to the heater to produce second sound and a lock-in amplifier to detect the resulting signal at a temperature sensor either upstream or downstream from the heater. The phase shift of the received signal is related to the bulk flow velocity. The resolution and accuracy of the flowmeter depends upon channel size, heater power, bulk flow velocity and heater-to-detector distance. Limitations due to power requirements and attenuation of second sound by quantized vortices are also discussed.
Some Useful Mathematical Preliminaries

The reader is expected to have a good background in calculus and applied mathematics through partial differential equations. Several topics related to the finite difference calculus and elementary numerical methods are reviewed in this chapter. The reader is encouraged to seek an alternative source for an in-depth discussion of each topic.
The Howler Monkey as a Model for Exploring Host-Gut Microbiota Interactions in Primates

The mammalian gut microbiota is essential to many aspects of host physiology, including nutrition, metabolic activity, and immune homeostasis. Despite the existence of numerous studies of the impact of the gut microbiota on human health and disease, much work remains to be done to improve our understanding of the host-microbe relationship in nonhuman primates. Howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.) are highly dependent on the gut microbiota for the breakdown of plant structural carbohydrates, and in this chapter we use new data describing the gut microbiome of captive and wild black howler monkeys (A. pigra) to develop and test two models of host-microbe interactions and bioenergetics. Improving our understanding of how spatial and temporal fluctuations in diet affect the nonhuman primate gut microbiota, and how this in turn influences host nutrition and physiology, has important implications for the study of the role that the gut microbiota plays in primate ecology, health, and conservation.
Counting efficiencies of Tc-99m and F-18: Comparison with traceable standards

2417 Objectives Regulatory agencies require counting efficiencies on instruments utilized to measure removable contamination. Traceable Cobalt-57 standards are generally utilized to determine Tc-99m counting efficiencies and traceable Sodium-22 standards are generally utilized to determine F-18 counting efficiencies. The purpose of this study was to compare Tc-99m and F-18 counting efficiencies using Tc-99m and F-18 prepared standards and comparing the results to appropriate traceable standards in a Biodex AtomlabTM 500 NaI(Tl) well detector. Methods Three Tc-99m sample standards were prepared. Samples were assayed in a Biodex AtomlabTM 100 dose calibrator (102 μCi to 115 μCi) and were decayed for 69 to 70 hours. Tc-99m samples and a Co-57 traceable standard were counted in a well counter and background counts subtracted. Using sample counts and decayed activity, counting efficiencies were calculated. Three F-18 sample standards were prepared. Samples were assayed in a Atomlab 100 dose calibrator (98 μCi to 108 μCi) and were decayed for 1155 to 1170 minutes. F-18 samples and a Na-22 traceable standard were counted in a well counter and background counts subtracted. Using sample counts and decayed activity, counting efficiencies were calculated. Results The mean counting efficiencies for Tc-99m samples were lower than the traceable Co-57 standard with mean counting efficiencies of 75.2% and 88.6%, respectively. The mean counting efficiencies for F-18 samples were higher than the traceable Na-22 standard with mean counting efficiencies of 28.6% and 24.0%, respectively. Conclusions Counting efficiencies for Tc-99m and F-18 were determined using specific radionuclide prepared standards and the results were compared to appropriate traceable standards. Lower counting efficiency was observed for the prepared Tc-99m samples as compared to traceable Co-57 standard and higher counting efficiency was observed for the prepared F-18 samples as compared to traceable Na-22 standard. Counting efficiency differences were due to differences in decay modes of specific radionuclides
The Incidence of the Corporation Income Tax Revisited

This review of thinking about corporation income tax incidence will take us through several steps—the traditional trichotomy, the general equilibrium revolt against it, the open economy revolution, and some smoke–and–mirrors issues. Finally, it will take special aim at corporation tax incidence in today’s developing nations, and conclude with some reflections on their use of the corporate income tax. For further elaboration of many of the points made here, see Harberger (2008).
Design of Stochastic Nanomagnets for Probabilistic Spin Logic

Probabilistic spin logic (PSL) is a new paradigm of computing that relies on probabilistic bits (p-bits) that fluctuate randomly between metastable states. PSL may be more efficient than conventional CMOS-based logic in terms of intrinsic optimization, Bayesian inference, invertible Boolean logic, and hardware machine learning. Effectively tunable random number generators, p-bits, can be realized as stochastic nanomagnets that can be made to prefer one state over others by an external input, such as voltage or current. This letter looks at the design of stochastic nanomagnets that is most suitable as p-bits for PSL. Experimental evidence, supported by theory and numerical simulation, shows that the scaling of magnetic anisotropy is more effective than the scaling of the net magnetic moment for voltage-driven PSL applications. A novel system that can be used as a tunable random number generator is demonstrated experimentally and analyzed theoretically: a magnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy that is initialized to its hard axis by giant spin Hall effect torque. With zero external input, this system provides a potentially better alternative to other nanomagnet-based random number generators. By tuning the randomness through an external input, this system is suitable for probabilistic networks for Bayesian inference.
Hemorrhagic Atypical Planum Sphenoidale Meningioma with Intermittent Vision Loss-Rare Presentation of Apoplexy.

Background Symptoms that mimic pituitary apoplexy may be encountered with other neoplastic or infectious lesions. Case Description This 38-year-old man presented with severe sudden-onset headache and relapsing and remitting vision loss. Radiographic imaging studies demonstrated radiographic features of a hyperdense, hemorrhagic mass in the sellar region. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 4-cm mass abutting the optic chiasm and compressing the pituitary. After 4-week follow-up, surveillance MRI demonstrated near-complete resolution of the previously identified planum sphenoidale and suprasellar mass. The patient re-presented 13 months later with recurrent symptoms. MRI demonstrated recurrence of the mass. Given the broad differential diagnosis, an endoscopic endonasal biopsy was obtained; the findings were suggestive of a high-grade meningioma. The patient underwent elective resection of the extraaxial lesion via a frontotemporal approach. The lesion was identified as a hemorrhagic suprasellar atypical planum sphenoidale meningioma. Postoperatively, the patient's headaches improved significantly and his right-sided visual changes resolved. After adjuvant radiotherapy (5400 cGy in 30 fractions) to the surgical cavity 3 months later, at last follow-up 5 months postoperatively, the patient was at his neurologic baseline and denied any headaches or visual sequelae. Conclusions As the most common benign intracranial tumors, meningiomas should remain in the differential for patients presenting with apoplectiform symptoms.
Optimization of balloon coating process for paclitaxel coated balloons via micro-pipetting method.

Abstract Drug coated balloons (DCBs) have proven to be a suitable alternative for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. They allow for uniform delivery of an antiproliferative drug to the stenotic site without permanent implantation of the device in the patient’s body. There are, however, regulatory concerns regarding the lack of data associated with variable drug delivery to the target site, which can be related to the coating process. This study describes the process for an in-house micro-pipetting coating method that incorporates a laboratory-developed coating equation for determining optimal coating parameters. The coating solutions included a common drug of choice, paclitaxel, along with a hydrophilic excipient, such as iopromide. It was found that using a revolution rate of 240 rev/min, a flow rate of 25 µL/min and a translational speed of 0.033 cm/s resulted in visually uniform coatings. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) allowed for the determination of paclitaxel content on the balloon surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled analysis of coating thickness and texture at distal, middle, and proximal positions on the balloon; average thicknesses were determined to be 16.4 ± 5.8, 14.8 ± 1.4, and 18.1 ± 3.9 µm, respectively. These optimized coating conditions have been confirmed by in vitro drug release kinetics studies. Overall this study generated a simple and reproducible micro-pipetting coating method for the sustained release of drugs from the drug coated balloons.
Position Paper: Extending Codelet Model for Dataflow Software Pipelining using Software-Hardware Co-Design

Trends in processor and system architecture, driven by power and complexity, point super-computing landscape toward very high and heterogeneous core count designs. As the number of cores inevitably increase traditional ways of performing large scale computations will also need to evolve from legacy models like OpenMP & MPI. However, such models are very much wedded to a control-flow vision of parallel programs, making it difficult to express asynchrony in programs. To address these challenges, codelet model was developed which is fine-grained, event-driven asynchronous program execution model. In-spite of its initial design goals, the Codelet model is rife with opportunities for further improvements to provide high-performance for both data and control regular applications. The major inspiration behind this work is to leverage the decades of research done to exploit instruction level parallelism (ILP) for the machine instructions inside codelet while build upon the dataflow software pipelining principals at codelet graph level to further enhance performance. In this paper, we propose hardware assisted extensions to the original codelet program execution model in order to implement efficient dataflow software pipelining and extend capabilities of the codelet model. This hardware-software co-design focuses on efficient implementation of data FIFO buffers leveraging proposed optimizations like - FIFO ring buffers and multiple-head FIFO buffers and single owner FIFO buffers to further exploit advantages of dataflow software pipelining. The wide range of scientific, machine learning and specially streaming applications should be able to take advantage of techniques proposed in this paper. Identifying these kernels and bench-marking them are the next anticipated steps for us.
Politics and Policing

A fundamental prerequisite for redirecting police institutions toward the new form that is required for effective crime control is frank and creative recognition of the realities of the relationship between policing and politics. Three such realities must be recognized.
Psychiatric disorders in the U.S. transgender population.

Abstract Purpose To determine the prevalence and odds of mental disorder diagnoses at discharge in US transgender hospital encounters as compared to cisgender hospital encounters using nationally representative data. Methods The National Inpatient Sample was used to identify 25,233 transgender and 254,437,363 cisgender inpatient encounters from 2007-2014. Univariate analyses were performed to compare the prevalence of mental disorders and comorbid medical diagnoses at the time of discharge. Multivariable analyses controlling for medical comorbid diagnoses were performed to assess the multivariable odds of mental disorder diagnoses in transgender versus cisgender hospital encounters. The prevalence of medical comorbid diagnoses in transgender encounters with and without mental disorder diagnoses was also compared. Results The prevalence of mental disorder diagnoses was higher in transgender hospital encounters (77% vs. 37.8%, p Conclusion Our findings suggest a high prevalence and significantly higher odds of mental disorder diagnoses in the transgender population as compared to the cisgender population using data that is nationally representative of the US population.
Pulmonary excretion of carbon monoxide in the human infant as an index of bilirubin production. IIb. Evidence for the possible effect of maternal prenatal glucose metabolism on postnatal bilirubin production in a mixed population of infants.

A total of 45 infants, including 20 appropriate-size-for-gestational-age infants (AGAs), 19 large-size-for-gestational-age infants (LGAs) and 6 infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs), had determinations of their pulmonary excretion rate of carbon monoxide (VeCO) in the first postnatal week as an index of bilirubin production. We calculated a ratio (Rw) of birth weight to ideal weight (50th percentile for gestational age) as a relative measure of infant size. We also measured maternal glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb AIc) in the postpartum period as a reflection of the time-integrated blood glucose level over the weeks preceding delivery. Mean values for maternal Hb AIc in the postpartum period, infant Rw, and VeCO were all significantly increased for the LGAs and IDMs compared to the normal AGAs. Nine LGAs had mothers whose Hb AIc levels were >2 S.D. higher than the mean Hb AIc level for mothers of normal AGAs. The infants whose mothers had the highest Hb AIc levels were not always the ones with the highest bilirubin production rates. These findings suggest that maternal Hb AIc in the postpartum period, infant size, and bilirubin production are associated phenomena, but that a postpartum time-integrated measure of blood glucose level over the weeks preceding parturition may not reflect changes in other associated factors which can affect infant erythropoiesis. The LGAs are not a homogeneous group, and some may have mothers with missed abnormalities of gestational glucose metaoblism.
LanguageARC: Developing Language Resources Through Citizen Linguistics

This paper introduces the citizen science platform, LanguageARC, developed within the NIEUW (Novel Incentives and Workflows) project supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1730377. LanguageARC is a community-oriented online platform bringing together researchers and “citizen linguists” with the shared goal of contributing to linguistic research and language technology development. Like other Citizen Science platforms and projects, LanguageARC harnesses the power and efforts of volunteers who are motivated by the incentives of contributing to science, learning and discovery, and belonging to a community dedicated to social improvement. Citizen linguists contribute language data and judgments by participating in research tasks such as classifying regional accents from audio clips, recording audio of picture descriptions and answering personality questionnaires to create baseline data for NLP research into autism and neurodegenerative conditions. Researchers can create projects on Language ARC without any coding or HTML required using our Project Builder Toolkit.
State entrepreneurship in New South Wales’ trawl fishery, 1914-1923:

In 1914, the New South Wales (NSW) Government decided to alter its fisheries policy, with the development of an offshore trawling industry supplanting support for inshore fishing as its key development objective. Accordingly, between 1915 and 1923 the NSW Government operated a commercial trawling industry designed to fish previously unexploited fish stocks on the state’s continental shelf. The State Trawling Industry (STI) was designed to meet a mix of social and economic policy goals, with the NSW Government controlling all parts of the production line from catching to selling produce. This article examines the business structure of the enterprise to reveal the reasons for its economic failure. It argues that government entrepreneurship created a new consumer market and unintentionally paved the way for the rise of a modern private trawling industry.
Why they remain: factors influencing teaching sustainability in high-poverty schools

With teachers in high-poverty schools facing increased stress, decreased motivation, and job satisfaction, it is imperative to identify educators that can thrive and sustain over time and intend to...
Mode and Ridge Estimation in Euclidean and Directional Product Spaces: A Mean Shift Approach

The set of local modes and the ridge lines estimated from a dataset are important summary characteristics of the data-generating distribution. In this work, we consider estimating the local modes and ridges from point cloud data in a product space with two or more Euclidean/directional metric spaces. Specifically, we generalize the well-known (subspace constrained) mean shift algorithm to the product space setting and illuminate some pitfalls in such generalization. We derive the algorithmic convergence of the proposed method, provide practical guidelines on the implementation, and demonstrate its effectiveness on both simulated and real datasets.
American Political Life: The Intersection of Nationalistic and Christian Social Imaginaries of Faith as Sources of Resistance and Resilience

In this article, I depict the resiliency and resistance of two powerful American figures, J. Edgar Hoover and Martin Luther King. I understand the sources of their resistance and resiliency in terms of core social imaginaries of faith that they initially internalized and later adopted, altered, and used. These social imaginaries, I argue, provided the purposes, meanings, and values that motivated and sustained their resistance and resiliency vis-a-vis enemies. It is also proposed that although these men were opponents, their lives reveal the intersection of Christian and national social imaginaries of faith, even though expressed and understood in decidedly different ways. Lastly, I contend that Hoover and King represent two distinctive expressions of Christian-national social imaginaries of faith present in American political life.
Respiration and Photorespiration in Marine Algae

Plants carry on two forms of respiration — mitochondrial or dark respiration and photorespiration. Dark respiration, as the name implies, occurs in the absence of light. It also occurs in the presence of light, although the rate of dark respiration may be different in the light than in the dark. Photorespiration, in contrast, occurs only in the light, as the substrate required for photorespiration is generated in the light and is rapidly depleted in the absence of light. In this paper, these two forms of plant respiration will be discussed, with particular emphasis placed on their rates and their effects on primary productivity in marine algae.
Ultramafic‐Hosted Hydrothermal Systems at Mid‐Ocean Ridges: Chemical and Physical Controls on pH, Redox and Carbon Reduction Reactions

Experimental, theoretical and field investigations of hydrothermal alteration processes in ultramafic systems at mid-ocean ridges, indicate that these systems have the capacity to buffer pH at surprisingly low values (pH T,P = 4.9-5.2), which profoundly affects fluid chemistry. Sluggish reaction kinetics of olivine at elevated temperatures and pressures, (e. g., 400°C, 500 bars), together with SiO 2 and Ca dissolution from coexisting pyroxene minerals, enhance the stability of tremolite and talc accounting for the observed acidity. Moreover, oxidation of ferrous silicate components in unstable minerals, especially pyroxenes, generates high H 2(aq) concentrations, which together with the relatively low pH, increase Fe solubility, consistent with the Fe-rich nature of vents fluids issuing from ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems at Rainbow and Logatchev at 36°N and 14°N, respectively, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The high dissolved Cu and Ni concentrations, and low H 2 S (aq) of these vent fluids, indicate redox buffering by magnetite-bornite-chalcocite-heazelwoodite (Ni 2 S 3 )-fluid equilibria, as indicated by experimental and theoretical data. Data show that dissolved Cu is particularly sensitive to temperature change, while H 2 S (aq) and Fe are affected less by this, although Fe is highly sensitive to pH and dissolved chloride. Dissolved chloride concentrations observed for both the Rainbow and Logatchev hydrothermal systems depart significantly from seawater and suggest supercritical phase separation in subseafloor reaction zones. The relatively high temperatures required for this, together with the high rates of fluid flow at Rainbow, indicate a magmatic heat source. The most unusual feature of fluids issuing from the Rainbow and Logatchev hydrothermal systems, however, involves high dissolved concentrations of methane and other hydrocarbon species, and detectable carbon monoxide. Experimental data indicate that reducing conditions and mineral catalytic effects may account for this, although the reported CO (aq) at Rainbow is well below predicted levels, suggesting re-equilibration at lower temperatures.
Focus On The Tech

Internet centrism, the notion that online tools play substantial roles in social and political processes, is frequently invoked by journalists, pundits, and academics. Existing research has explored this idea directly in the case of protest, attempting to discern the actual magnitude of the internet’s role in protest organization and mobilization. Taking a different approach, we conduct a content analysis to examine the extent to which internet centrism is discussed in articles about the Occupy movement and the Arab Spring in mainstream US newspapers and technology blogs. Our main findings are that the role of publication type in predicting internet centrism depends upon which protest is being discussed, and the role of protest type depends upon publication type. This study lends a theoretical perspective to an under-studied journalistic phenomenon with the potential to influence how audiences think about the causes and consequences of protests.
The impact of resolution upon entropy and information in coarse-grained models

By eliminating unnecessary degrees of freedom, coarse-grained (CG) models tremendously facilitate numerical calculations and theoretical analyses of complex phenomena. However, their success critically depends upon the representation of the system and the effective potential that governs the CG degrees of freedom. This work investigates the relationship between the CG representation and the many-body potential of mean force (PMF), W, which is the appropriate effective potential for a CG model that exactly preserves the structural and thermodynamic properties of a given high resolution model. In particular, we investigate the entropic component of the PMF and its dependence upon the CG resolution. This entropic component, SW, is a configuration-dependent relative entropy that determines the temperature dependence of W. As a direct consequence of eliminating high resolution details from the CG model, the coarsening process transfers configurational entropy and information from the configuration space into SW. In order to further investigate these general results, we consider the popular Gaussian Network Model (GNM) for protein conformational fluctuations. We analytically derive the exact PMF for the GNM as a function of the CG representation. In the case of the GNM, -TSW is a positive, configuration-independent term that depends upon the temperature, the complexity of the protein interaction network, and the details of the CG representation. This entropic term demonstrates similar behavior for seven model proteins and also suggests, in each case, that certain resolutions provide a more efficient description of protein fluctuations. These results may provide general insight into the role of resolution for determining the information content, thermodynamic properties, and transferability of CG models. Ultimately, they may lead to a rigorous and systematic framework for optimizing the representation of CG models.