cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Values and comprehensive diagnosis

As recognized, but not discussed, by Fulford et al in their paper, there is consonance between attention to values in clinical diagnosis and care and what may be termed the comprehensive diagnostic model. The undeniable importance of values for a science and practice of psychiatry, which Fulford et al are compellingly articulating, is relevant to both the structure and the purposes of comprehensive diagnosis in psychiatry as well as in medicine at large. The emerging comprehensive diagnostic model (1,2) aims at understanding and formulating what is important in the mind, the body and the context of the person who presents for care. This is attempted by addressing the various aspects of ill- and positive- health, by interactively engaging clinicians, patient and family, and by employing categorical, dimensional and narrative descriptive approaches in multilevel schemas. Illustrations of such a comprehensive diagnostic model are at the core of the International Guidelines for Diagnostic Assessment (IGDA) produced by the WPA (3) and the Latin American Guide for Psychiatric Diagnosis (GLADP) produced by the Latin American Psychiatric Association (4). Fulford et al's discussion of values in psychiatric diagnosis focuses on their relevance to classification of mental disorders, which corresponds to Axis I of the ICD-10 mental disorders chapter (5) and Axes I and II of DSM-IV (6). It can be pointed out that values are at least equally relevant to the axes in the above diagnostic systems involving functioning/disabilities and contextual factors (psychosocial environmental and personal problems). Issues of meaning, contextualization, and interpretability are quite germane to these axes. Values are also of substantial importance in the case of Axis IV (quality of life) in IGDA (3) and GLADP (4). It is widely accepted that the assessment of quality of life should be principally based on the own perspectives of the patient or subject of evaluation. The full range of contents involved, from physical well-being to spiritual fulfillment, are to be addressed in such an axis in a personally- and culturallyinformed manner. Attending with such centrality to the person's perspectives attests to and reflects the importance of values for the scientific assessment of a topic increasingly relevant to understanding health and planning health care. The above considerations on values and the assessment of health speak additionally to the ethical exigencies of diagnosis and care (7). The fundamental purposes of comprehensive diagnosis are treatment and health promotion focused on the needs and goals of the patient or consulting person.
Reagents for Qualitative Inorganic Analysis

Data on the efficiency, specificity, and sensitivity of thirty reagents for the microscopic identification of potassium have been compiled. The limiting concentration and the limit of identification have been determined in every instance. Interferences caused by elements which commonly accompany potassium have been investigated for most of the reagents. Some remaining work on potassium as well as the study of the other alkali metals are under way.
Impact of metformin on survival and mTOR pathway in head and neck cancer.

e17514Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have been shown to exhibit activation of the PI3K–mTOR pathway, which is important for cellular proliferation and survival. The hyp...
Anti PD-1 immunotherapy related interstitial lung disease presenting as respiratory failure - A review with case series.

Abstract Introduction Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, among men and women, in the United States. In advanced non-small cell lung cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitors (PD-1 inhibitors) have become second-line therapy and have revolutionized the management in selective cases conferring better overall response rates and progression free survival. Methods We present a case series and review of literature emphasizing this immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and esophageal cancer who were treated with Nivolumab as a second line therapeutic option. Results PD-1 inhibitors such as, Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab, have shown a stable regression of various malignancies, such as metastatic melanoma, renal cell carcinoma and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. We describe 2 cases of such immune related adverse effects associated with immune check point inhibitors with recovery in one of the patients. Steroid therapy has been the cornerstone for treatment for such immune related adverse effects. Importance has also been laid on the typical radiographic patterns of pneumonitis and interstitial lung disease associated with immunotherapy. Conclusions We attempt to raise awareness, discuss early management strategies and hypothesize an association between the incidence and development of these adverse events in cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapeutic agents.
Intimate Enemies: Patterns of Interethnic Violence and the Holocaust in Local Perspective

As the Polish Jewish historian and Holocaust survivor Philip Friedman noted in a programmatic essay published in 1957: “It … goes without saying that the mass extermination of Jews would have been ...
Mice heterozygous for the Cdh23/Ahl1 mutation show age-related deficits in auditory temporal processing.

Abstract A mutation in the Cdh23 gene is implicated in both syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing loss in humans and age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6 mice. It is generally assumed that human patients (as well as mouse models) only have a hearing loss phenotype if the mutation is homozygous. However, a major complaint for patients with a hearing disability is a reduced speech intelligibility that may be related to temporal processing deficits rather than just elevated thresholds. In this study, we used the amplitude modulation following response (AMFR) to test whether mice heterozygous for Cdh23735A > G have an auditory phenotype that includes temporal processing deficits. The hearing of mice heterozygous for the Cdh23735A > G mutation was compared with age-matched mice homozygous for either the mutation or the wild type in 3 cohorts of mice of both sexes at 2-3, 6, and 12 months of age. The AMFR technique was used to generate objective hearing thresholds for all mice across their range of hearing and to test their temporal processing. We found a genotype-dependent hearing loss in mice homozygous for the mutation starting at 5–11 weeks of age, an age when mice on the C57BL/6 background are often presumed to have normal hearing. The heterozygous animals retained normal hearing thresholds up to one year of age. Nevertheless, the heterozygous animals showed a decline in temporal processing abilities at one year of age that was independent of their hearing thresholds. These results suggest that mice heterozygous for the Cdh23 mutation do not have truly normal hearing.
Vaping patterns, nicotine dependence and reasons for vaping among American Indian dual users of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes

The American Cancer Society discourages the dual use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) and cigarettes because such use has not resulted in reduced exposures to the harmful effects of smoking. American Indian (AI) people have the highest prevalence of smoking and of EC use in the United States, but very little is known about dual EC and cigarette use in AI communities. In 2016, 375 adult AI in Oklahoma who smoked cigarettes completed a survey about EC use (vaping). We describe vaping patterns, nicotine dependence, and reasons for EC use among the subset of 44 (12%) current dual EC users. To differentiate habitual EC users from occasional or merely curious users, we defined dual use as using ECs on some days or every day in the past 30 days. About one-third of dual users vaped ten or more times daily. About two-thirds used a tank product. Eleven percent used ECs without nicotine and another 9% were unsure of the nicotine content. A minority (40%) enjoyed vaping more than smoking, and most (76%) would smoke first on days they did both. Thirty-one percent vaped within 5 min of waking and another 24% within 30 min. Although the two-item heaviness of use index did not differ significantly between smoking and vaping, the ten-item Penn State Dependence Index (PSDI) suggested greater dependence on smoking than vaping (11.02 vs. 6.42, respectively; p < .0001). The most common reasons for vaping were to reduce smoking (79%), enjoyment of flavors (78%), and ability to vape where smoking is not allowed (73%). Perceptions of less harm to others (69%) or to self were the next most common (65%). Fewer than half used ECs to reduce stress, for affordability, or because others used them. Nearly 20% of dual users used ECs either without nicotine or without knowing if the product contained nicotine. The PSDI indicated greater dependence on smoking than vaping. Reasons for vaping were nearly equal between smoking reduction and enjoying flavors. Understanding patterns of dual use will inform future efforts to address nicotine dependence for AI communities with high prevalence of smoking.
Cognitive Aptitude, Peers, and Trajectories of Marijuana Use From Adolescence Through Young Adulthood

Background Using a nationally representative longitudinal cohort, we examine how cognitive aptitude in early adolescence is associated with heterogeneous pathways of marijuana use from age sixteen through young adulthood. We also examine whether this relationship can be explained by the role of cognitive aptitude in the social organization of peer group deviance. Methods Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we identified 5 latent trajectories of frequency of marijuana use between ages 16 and 26: abstainers, dabblers, early heavy quitters, consistent users, and persistent heavy users. Multinomial regression assessed the relationship of cognitive aptitude in early adolescence with these latent trajectories, including the role of peer group substance use in this relationship. Results A one decile increase in cognitive aptitude in early adolescence is associated with greater relative risk of the dabbler trajectory (RR = 1.048; p < .001) and consistent user trajectory (RR = 1.126; p < .001), but lower relative risk of the early heavy quitter trajectory (RR = 0.917; p < .05) in comparison with the abstainer trajectory. There was no effect for the persistent heavy user trajectory. The inclusion of peer group substance use–either via illegal drugs or smoking–had no effect on these relationships. Conclusions Adolescents who rate higher in cognitive aptitude during early adolescence may be more likely to enter into consistent but not extreme trajectories of marijuana use as they age into young adulthood. Cognition may not influence patterns of marijuana use over time via the organization of peer groups.
Predicting Single Event Effects in DRAM

The ability to leverage commodity memory in harsh environments due to radiation has the potential advance computing capability for aerospace and nuclear applications, among others. In this work, we provide the first demonstration of the existence of a small number of weak cells to single event effects for DDR3 memory when exposed to radiation. Thus, a high proportion of single event faults are actually not entirely random and can be predicted with high accuracy. We also demonstrate a classification of single event effects into predictable single cell, unpredictable single cell, and correlated multi-cell persistent faults, the latter due to latch-up effects. We further show that through classification, we can partition faults, which allows the development of a holistic framework to provide enhanced protection of the DRAM memory. This framework leverages a fault map with bit sparing to protect against faults from weak cells in conjunction with Chipkill ECC to effectively correct chip-level and random errors. This protection provides a potential path to the use of commodity DRAM memory in high radiation environments with extremely low fault rates. Our results, based on data from a multi-day radiation beam experiment, indicate a reduction in uncorrectable bit error rate for rows containing a weak cell by a factor of $\geq 10^{7}$ compared to Chipkill alone.
Exploring Political Discussion Motivations: Relationships with Different Forms of Political Talk

ABSTRACTThis study expands political discussion scholarship by examining the relationship between six motivations for political discussion (i.e., educate oneself, learn about others, influence othe...
Documentation of quality measures for patients discharged from the hospital with an acute asthma exacerbation

Background: Acute asthma exacerbations are one of the most common diagnoses admitted to pediatric hospitals nationwide. Despite the frequency of admissions for acute asthma exacerbations, opportunities exist for improvement in asthma quality measures. Objective: The specific aims of this QI project were by December 2015 to increase to greater than 90% for patients admitted with asthma on the following measures: 1) Documentation of the chronic level of asthma severity 2) If tobacco smoke exposure screen is positive, smoking cessation counseling provided 3) Documentation of …
Advances in Holding and Cryopreservation of Equine Oocytes and Embryos.

Abstract Methods for holding of oocytes and embryos during shipment as well as for their cryopreservation can greatly aid equine reproductive management. Oocytes can be held at room temperature overnight or at cooler temperatures for two nights without affecting maturation or embryo development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. In contrast, methods for cryopreservation of equine oocytes that support high rates of embryo development have not yet been established. Equine embryos may be held overnight at temperatures from 5°C to 19°C without reduction in viability, but longer holding periods, or higher holding temperatures, may be detrimental. Small equine embryos (
Application of condensed Chinese version of the MOS 36-item short form health survey in assessment of quality of life among adult patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Gansu province

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the application of condensed Chinese version of the MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) in assessment of quality of life among adult patients with Kashin-Beck disease,and to provide a scientific basis in rehabilitation of the patients.Methods Four hundred and twenty seven eases of adult patients with Kashin-Back disease and 419 healthy individuals randomly selected in Kashin-Beck disease endemic areas in 8 counties of Gansu province were surveyed with the SF-36.The reliability of the SF-36 was assessed by split-half reliability and Cronbach's α coefficient and the validity through principal component factor analysis and correlation analysis,etc.The dimension scores of different people were obtained by analysis of variance and univariate t-test.Results The split-half reliability of all the 8 dimensions was greater than 0.6 and the Cronbach's α coefficient was greater than 0.8; the pearson correlate coefficients of all the items to their dimensions were greater than 0.391.SF-36 contained 8 domains and 2 summary scales in the factor analysis.The score differences of quality of life in different ages of the patients,different stages of the disease were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The SF-36 is practical in studying the quality of life among adult patients with Kashin-Beck Disease. Key words: Kashin-Beck disease; Chinese version of the MOS 36-item short form health survey; Quality of life; Evaluation Studies
Identifying county-level factors for female breast cancer incidence rate through a large-scale population study

Abstract Female breast cancer (FBC) incidence rate (IR) varies greatly across counties in the United States (US). Factors contributing to these geographic disparities have not been fully understood at the population level. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the county-level FBC IR and a diverse set of variables in demographics, socioeconomics, life style, health care accessibility, and environment. Our study included 1277 counties in the US where the female population was 10,000 or above for at least one race/ethnicity. After controlling for the racial/ethnic and other significant factors, percent of husband-wife family households (pHWFH) for a racial/ethnic group in a county is negatively associated with FBC IR (p
Lost in the Transition: The Cost of College-Readiness English Standards Misalignment for Students Initially Classified as English Learners.

Using linked, individual-level data from a large metropolitan K-12 district and a large urban community college district in California, we examine whether indicators of college-readiness for gradua...
ANALYZING AGE DISCRIMINATION ACT CASES

This article discusses the application of content analysis to judicial decisions. A methodology is presented for analyzing Age Discrimination in Employment Act decisions in the federal courts. Frequency distributions are presented that demonstrate that most of the cases have been brought on behalf of white males in professional/managerial occupations. These cases arose when the employee was terminated and were successfully defended by employers.
Small-Molecule Antagonists of Bcl-2 Family Proteins

Abstract The Bcl-2 family of proteins is central to regulating apoptosis, and selective inhibition of Bcl-2 family proteins has been shown to be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. Several small-molecule Bcl-2 family inhibitors are currently progressing through clinical trials, and there is continuing interest in this family of targets throughout the pharmaceutical industry. This review surveys the small-molecule Bcl-2 family inhibitors reported in the literature and discusses the various strategies employed to discover them.
The Effects of Lipotropic Factors on the Phospholipide Turnover in Patients with Infectious Hepatitis

The factors which predispose to infectious hepatitis and which, in some few infected individuals, prevent resolution and repair, and enhance fibrosis are undetermined. While the exact relationship of infectious hepatitis to cirrhosis is not yet settled, one possible factor is the development of fatty infiltration in certain instances of chronic hepatitis. During the past three years we have been engaged in a study of the relationship of phospholipide turnover to fatty infiltration of the liver in various forms of liver disease. The changes in the plasma phospholipides, as determined after injections of radioactive phosphorus, have been correlated where possible with serial biopsies of the liver in order to evaluate the efficacy of choline and methionine in treatment!. To our knowledge, only a single study of the rate of phospholipide turnover in the plasma of patients with virus hepatitis, before or after treatment with lipotropic factors2, has been reported. In the present investigation, the effect of methionine and choline on the phospholipide turnover of patients with infectious hepatitis was studied.
Quantitative analysis of hydrocarbons by structural group type in gasolines and distillates : II. Liquid chromatography

Abstract After summarizing the literature on the use of liquid chromatography for the analysis of petroleum samples and distillates, results are presented on the structural group type separation of gasolines by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a perfluorocarbon mobile phase and refractive index detection. The problem of calibration, due to the difference in response factors, and the uncertainty in the establishment of the baseline are detailed. Finally, investigations on the possibility of using infrared detection for structural group type analysis by HPLC are reported.
Spin-state transitions in PrCoO 3 investigated by neutron scattering

Pulsed neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering were performed on the orthorhombic perovskite PrCoO${}_{3}$ to investigate possible spin-state transitions arising from Co${}^{3+}$ ions. Although the crystal symmetry is orthorhombic, no evidence for a Jahn-Teller distortion is observed in either the average or local crystal structures, suggesting that the intermediate-spin Co${}^{3+}$ state, if present, does not give rise to a static Jahn-Teller distortion. While previous measurements suggested that spin excitations may occur at about 200 K, we find from the inelastic neutron measurements that the crystal-field excitations from Pr${}^{3+}$ dominate the inelastic spectrum, and no magnetic excitation linked to Co${}^{3+}$ can be clearly discerned up to room temperature.
A Typological Approach to Marital Interaction: Recent Theory and Research

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses recent theory and research on marital interaction. It introduces a typology of marital relationships. It also examines the basis for typological construction, the development of the measurement, and the early validation work linking the types to other variables of interest. The primary goal of a typology is to construct an orderly scheme for the classification and description of social phenomena. Although there are a variety of ways to approach typological construction, the most useful one is a polythetic method of classification. A polythetic classification scheme places individuals in the same type when they possess a large number of shared characteristics. The chapter presents the relationship between marital types and communication behavior. The central biosocial issue in a marital relationship is the way couples interpret the meaning of maleness and femaleness. These interpretations are generally studied under the rubric of sex roles. The male sex role is associated with task completion, problem solving, and concern for oneself as an individual. The female sex role is associated with nurturance, concern for others, and relationships with others.
The Role of Cell Death in the Pathogenesis of SLE: Is Pyroptosis the Missing Link?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in association with systemic inflammation and organ damage. In addition to genetic factors, a contribution of infection to disease induction has been proposed. In the pathogenesis of lupus, immune complexes of ANAs with nuclear antigens can form and both deposit in the tissue and stimulate cytokine production to intensify inflammation. As such, the extracellular release of nuclear antigens to form pathogenic immune complexes is an important step in the pathway to disease. This release has been considered the consequence of cell death, with apoptotic cells the relevant source of nuclear material. While apoptosis could serve this role, other death forms may act similarly. Among these death forms, pyroptosis, which can be induced by inflammasome activation during infection, has features suggesting involvement in lupus. Thus, unlike apoptosis, pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory process. Furthermore, pyroptosis leads to the release of intracellular contents including HMGB1 and ATP, both of which can act as DAMPs (death associated molecular patterns) to stimulate further inflammation. Importantly, pyroptosis can lead to the release of intact nuclei, suggesting a relationship to events in the formation of LE cells. While the role of pyroptosis in SLE is hypothetical at this time, further analysis of this death form should provide new insights into lupus pathogenesis and provide the missing link between infection and the initiation of lupus by products of dead and dying cells.
Multi-Frame Image Restoration for Face Recognition

Face recognition at a distance is a challenging and important law-enforcement surveillance problem, with low image resolution and blur contributing to the difficulties. We present a method for combining a sequence of video frames of a subject in order to create a restored image of the face with reduced blur. A generic Active Appearance Model of face shape and appearance is used for registration. By warping and averaging registered video frames, noise is reduced, allowing a Wiener filter to deblur the face to a greater degree than can be achieved on a single video frame. This process is theoretically justified and tested with real-world outdoor video using a PTZ camera and a commercial face recognition engine. Improvement is demonstrated for both face recognition and authentication.
Gorenstein semigroup algebras of weighted trees and ordered points on the projective line

Abstract We determine exactly which semigroup algebras of weighted trees are Gorenstein. These algebras arise as toric degenerations of projective coordinate rings of moduli of weighted points on the projective line. As a corollary, we find exactly when these families of algebras are Gorenstein as well.
PREFERENTIAL OCCURRENCE OF NONSISTER SPORES IN TWO-SPORED ASCI OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE: EVIDENCE FOR REGULATION OF SPORE-WALL FORMATION BY THE SPINDLE POLE BODY

Yeast cells subjected to a reversible thermal arrest of meiosis yielded progressively fewer spores per ascus as the arrest was extended. Dissection of two-spored asci by a newly developed method that prevents selection of false asci revealed that the spores were not a random sample of the haploid meiotic products. Most, if not all, pairs of spores contain nonsister products of the reductional division. Electron microscopic examination of the meiotic cells revealed the cytological basis for this bias. All four spindle pole bodies (SPBs) present at the second meiotic division normally gain a structural modification (the outer plaque) upon which the initiation of the prospore wall occurs. In the formation of a two-spored ascus, only one spindle pole body on each meiosis II spindle was so modified. These observations suggest that the morphogenesis of spores is regulated at meiosis II by limiting the number of SPBs gaining the outer plaque. The enhancement of spore yield upon addition of fresh medium suggests that this morphogenetic regulation responds more directly to nutrient deprivation arising during the thermal arrest, rather than to elevated temperature per se.
Analog-to-Digital Conversion in the Early Twenty-First Century

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) continue to be important components of signal-processing systems, such as those for mobile communications, software radio, radar, satellite communications, and others. This article revisits the state-of-the-art of ADCs and includes recent data on experimental converters and commercially available parts. Converter performances have improved significantly since previous surveys were published (1999–2005). Specifically, aperture uncertainty (jitter) and power dissipation have both decreased substantially during the early 2000s. The lowest jitter value has fallen from approximately 1 picosecond in 1999 to < 100 femtoseconds for the very best of current ADCs. In addition, the lowest values for the IEEE Figure of Merit (which is proportional to the product of jitter and power dissipation) have also decreased by an order of magnitude. For converters that operate at multi-GSPS rates, the speed of the fastest ADC IC device technologies e.g., InP, GaAs, is the main limitation to performance; as measured by device transit-time frequency, fT, has roughly tripled since 1999. ADC architectures used in high-performance broadband circuits include pipelined (successive approximation, multistage flash) and parallel (time-interleaved, filter-bank) with the former leading to lower power operation and the latter being applied to high-sample rate converters. Bandpass ADCs based on delta-sigma modulation are being applied to narrow band applications with ever increasing center frequencies. CMOS has become a mainstream ADC IC technology because (1) it enables designs with low power dissipation and (2) it allows for significant amounts of digital signal-processing to be included on-chip. DSP enables correction of conversion errors, improved channel matching in parallel structures, and provides filtering required for delta-sigma converters. Finally, a performance projection based on a trend in aperture jitter predicts 25 fs in approximately 10 years, which would imply performance of 12 ENOB at nearly 1-GHz bandwidth. Keywords: analog-to-digital converters; signal-to-noise ratio; aperture jitter; input-referred noise; comparator ambiguity; spurious-free dynamic range; digital-signal-processing
A Longitudinal Disaggregation of Operational Risk Under Changing Regulations: Evidence From the Savings and Loan Industry

The reported research examines the relative contributions of prospect and agency theory explanations for specific operational risks and subsequent firm performance in regulated and unregulated envi...
Perinatal Nutritional Iron Deficiency Impairs Hippocampus-Dependent Trace Eyeblink Conditioning in Rats

Studies show that iron deficient (ID) children are at risk for poor cognitive development. Research also shows that ID may impair the development of the skeletal motor abilities. The present study sought to determine if perinatal ID in rats impairs a motor learning task called eyeblink conditioning. This task used a hippocampus-dependent trace version or non-hippocampus-dependent delay version. Rats were placed on ID or control diets from gestational day (G) 12 to postnatal day (P) 12. Young rats (P32–29) subjected to perinatal ID showed severe impairments in trace eyeblink conditioning but only minor impairments in delay eyeblink conditioning. A young moderate ID group (ID from G12 to P2) was also impaired in trace eyeblink conditioning. The ID rats that became adults (P64–69) showed only minor impairments in trace eyeblink conditioning. Young ID rats showed no deficits in motoric ability on a separate rotorod learning test. This study suggests that perinatal ID impairs motoric learning by altering higher-order learning centers like the hippocampus more so than by altering the skeletal motor system.
Comparative analysis of various CO2 configurations in supermarket refrigeration systems

Our paper presents an analysis of various CO2 transcritical and cascade/secondary loop refrigeration systems that are becoming popular in supermarket applications with the objective of optimizing the operating parameters of these systems. In addition, the performance of selected CO2-based refrigeration systems is compared to the baseline R404A multiplex direct expansion system using bin analyses in the eight climate zones of the United States. Moreover, for the refrigeration systems investigated, it was found that the Transcritical Booster System with Bypass Compressor (TBS-BC) had the lowest energy consumption for ambient temperatures (Tamb) less than 8 °C, and for higher ambient temperatures the R404A direct expansion system was found to have the lowest energy consumption. Finally, the TBS-BC performs equivalent to or better than the R404A direct expansion system in the northern two-thirds of the US. For the southern portion of the US, the R404A multiplex DX system performs better than CO2 systems.
The Effect of Teaching General Education Courses on Deep Approaches to Learning: How Disciplinary Context Matters

Building on work examining differences in the emphasis faculty place on effective educational practices, this study uses data from nearly 8,000 faculty members from the 2007 Faculty Survey of Student Engagement to explore how disciplinary area moderates the effect of teaching a general education course (GEC) on the emphasis faculty place on deep approaches to learning. Results showed that the GEC effect was strongest in hard-applied-life fields and weakest in hard-pure-life and soft-applied-life fields, suggesting that proponents of general education reform need to temper their efforts by a clearer understanding of disciplinary differences.
The complex Bloch bands of a 2D plasmonic crystal displaying isotropic negative refraction

The propagation characteristics of a subwavelength plasmonic crystal are studied based on its complex Bloch band structure. Photonic crystal bands are generated with an alternative 2D Finite Element Method formulation in which the Bloch wave problem is reduced to a quadratic eigenvalue system for the Bloch wavevector amplitude k. This method constitutes an efficient and convenient alternative to nonlinear search methods normally employed in the calculation of photonic bands when dispersive materials are involved. The method yields complex wavevector Bloch modes that determine the wave-scattering characteristics of finite crystals. This is evidenced in a comparison between the band structure of the square-lattice plasmonic crystal and scattering transfer-functions from a corresponding finite crystal slab. We report on a wave interference effect that leads to transmission resonances similar to Fano resonances, as well as on the isotropy of the crystal’s negative index band. Our results indicate that effective propagation constants obtained from scattering simulations may not always be directly related to individual crystal Bloch bands.
Designing, Developing, and Implementing an Interactive Learning System

THIS ARTICLE describes what interactive, group driven distance learning can be and what it can produce. It provides a solution to one of the primary concerns facing distance learning today, which is to find ways to increase the amount of student involvement and thus maintain student interest in what they are learning. The learning needs of today's students are described. A significant technological part of the solution will be seen in the description of three online learner-centered delivery systems and their communication needs. The vision, goals, objectives, methodology, and results are discussed along with feedback from the participants.
PEPLAU IN CYBERSPACE: AN ANALYSIS OF PEPLAU'S INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS THEORY AND COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION

This paper explores the applicability of Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory to the context of computer-mediated communication. Although Peplau never intended her theory be applied to this mode of communication, research from the fields of communication and social psychology suggest that such application may be possible. After Peplau's theory is briefly summarized, research and theory dealing with computer-mediated communication are explored, and questions for future research endeavors are offered.
Articular Cartilage and Meniscal Fibrocartilage Mechanics: Evidence for Differences in Ultrastructure and Function of Proteoglycans

The organization and function of proteoglycans have been extensively studied in articular cartilage. Proteoglycans are widely dispersed throughout articular cartilage [1] and resist compressive as well as shear loads through high hydrostatic pressures, low fluid permeability and stiffening of the collagen network [2]. Few studies have investigated the organization and function of proteoglycans in meniscal fibrocartilage. Previous studies have shown PG degradation leads to decreased meniscal fibrocartilage mechanics [3,4]. In contrast to articular cartilage, meniscal fibrocartilage PGs are concentrated around circumferential collagen fibers [2]. To better understand the role of proteoglycans in meniscal fibrocartilage, the proteoglycan interactions within the tissue can be manipulated without extracellular matrix degradation. The goal of this study was to compare the effects of osmotic swelling stress on articular cartilage and meniscal fibrocartilage mechanics by varying osmotic strength and tissue compressive offset.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Pharmacological treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

As the population grows older each year, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is becoming the leading eye disease resulting in blindness. Although some drugs are available for the treatment of wet AMD, no drug is currently available for dry AMD. Actual research is taking place to invent novel drug for the treatment of dry AMD and the hurdles of the R&D are reviewed. Literature search and review were conducted to identify various ideas to treat dry AMD and to overcome the difficulties of developing clinical end points for developing the new drugs. Some promising drug candidates had been identified and clinical end points of drug efficacy determination had been collected. With the proof of new concepts and clinical end points available, the hope is high to expect some new novel drugs be put in the market sometime in the future.
Granular synthesis composition with StochGran and Max

Abstract An approach to composition and the granular synthesis techniques used to create several works will be discussed here. Three instruments for stochastic granular synthesis have been written in the Cmix programming language. The contents of the grains are either synthesized waveforms, or sampled sound files. A NeXT graphical interface to the Cmix instruments, StochGran, currently allows the composer to manipulate graphical envelopes to control grain timing, frequency, and location parameters over time. Control over several parameters in a coordinated relationship is facilitated by the graphical display. The use of the Cmix instruments and interface in composing several works for tape is described. Real time granular synthesis is also explored using the MAX language on the IRCAM Signal Processing Workstation. The work “Evolutions,” for eight instruments and computer, uses a combination of Cmix and MAX signal processing. The consequences of these techniques for composition and performance involve differences in composition for and perception of the computer and acoustic parts, the interaction between the computer and instruments, “musicality,” timbral shaping into gestures, and philosophical implications of the techniques.
Negative prestige, linguistic insecurity, and linguistic self-hatred

Abstract The problem of investigating linguistic attitudes in urban speech communities is considered in connection with three studies, in New York, in Quebec, and in Glasgow, each of which employed a different approach. In each case, the methodological problems raise questions regarding the reliability of the conclusions and suggest that a more systematic approach to the study of linguistic attitudes is needed.
Three-dimensional immunofluorescence assay for the detection of internal antigens

A method for detecting the binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies to intracellular protein antigens is described. This method, originally designed for single-membrane bound, adherent cells, was adapted to localizing antigens within malarial parasite-infected erythrocytes, which are nonadherent cells containing a parasite surrounded by two external membranes. This method may be used to localize antigens in other intracellular organisms.
Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Model of a Radial Lip Seal—Part I: Analysis and Base Results

A numerical thermal elastohydrodynamic model of a a radial lip seal, with a flooded air side, has been constructed. The shaft surface is modeled as perfectly smooth, while the lip microgeometry is modeled as a uniform distribution of asperities with initially circular cross-sections. The asperities can deform circumferentially as the bulk lip material shears. Both the viscosity of the fluid and the elastic modulus of the lip are temperature dependent. Model predictions include the pressure distribution in the lubricating film under the lip, the film thickness distribution, the cavitation distribution, the pumping rate, and the lip temperature distribution.
Molecular Emission Spectrohetry ih a Low Pressure Electrical Discharge

Abstract A low pressure electrical discharge for excitation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, without fragmentation is described. The discharge characteristics as well as the plasma background spectra are given. The application of the discharge for the excitation of molecular spectra of PAHs is described. Difficulties with correction of the analyte emission spectrum for the background emission spectrum of the gas (He) are mentioned. Analytical use of the discharge for detection of PAH3 introduced by gas chromatography is described and is shown to be of marginal analytical use because of the rather poor detection limits of about 1 μg. Jurgensen and Winefordner1 have reviewed both reduced pressure and atmospheric pressure nitrogen discharges for detection of atomic and molecular species. The same authors2 have also described an active nitrogen-induced chemiluminescence system for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, and achieved detection limits in the range of 0.01 - 2000 ng. The i...
Microbiome data integration by robust similarity network fusion

Microbiome datasets are often comprised of different representations or views which provide complementary information, such as metabolic pathways, taxonomic assignments and gene families. Computational methods for integration of multi-view information combine these data to create a comprehensive view of a given microbiome study. Similarity network fusion (SNF) provides a candidate to solve this problem by efficiently fusing similarity networks built from each data view into one network that represents the full spectrum of the underlying data. Based on this method, we propose a Robust Similarity Network Fusion (RSNF) approach which combines the strength of random forest to construct robust affine graph and the advantage of SNF at data aggregation. The experimental results indicate that the proposed strategy not only substantially outperforms single data type analysis but improve the clustering performance significantly comparing to several state-of-the-art methods in various datasets. The application on human microbiome data suggests that we can cluster microbiome samples in high accuracy.
Purification of proteins by IMAC

Abstract IMAC, immobilized metal-affinity chromatography, has been used for purification of proteins for a decade. Like some other popular techniques, it emanated from Uppsala, a clear case of genius loci. It works but the question remains, how? this review focuses on the discussion of structural requirements underlying the metal chelate-protein recognition.
Active compression-decompression resuscitation: A novel method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Chest compression is an important part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but it only aids circulation during a portion of the compression cycle and has been shown to only minimally increase blood flow to vital organs. The purpose of this study was to quantitate the short-term hemodynamic effects of CPR with a hand-held suction device that incorporates both active compression and decompression of the chest. The suction device was applied to the middle of the sternum and compared with standard manual CPR in eight nonventilated anesthetized dogs. Coronary perfusion pressure, systolic and diastolic aortic pressures, right atrial diastolic pressure, and the velocity time integral (an analog of cardiac output), which were obtained by means of transesophageal pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography from the main pulmonary artery, were measured every 30 seconds during CPR. Minute ventilation was measured over the last minute of each CPR technique. Both active compression-decompression CPR and standard CPR were sequentially performed for 2 minutes in random order 30 seconds after induced ventricular fibrillation. The CPR techniques consisted of 100 compressions per minute, with a compression depth of 1.5 to 2 inches and a 50% duty cycle. Coronary perfusion pressure, velocity time integral (cardiac output analog), minute ventilation, and systolic arterial pressure were all significantly improved by active compression-decompression CPR when compared with standard CPR. We conclude that active compression-decompression CPR is a simple technique that appears to improve coronary perfusion pressure, systolic arterial pressure, cardiac output, and minute ventilation in nonventilated animals when compared with standard CPR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A qualitative analysis of atmospheric reactions between SO2 and NH3

Abstract The reactions between SO2 and NH3 are of great significance in the understanding of the formation of the atmospheric aerosols, the environmental sulfur cycle and the fate of atmospheric sulfur dioxide. The majority of the studies of this reaction system, so far, have been on the catalytic role of the ammonium ion in the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in solution and on the formation of ammonium sulfate in solution through a weak acid-base reaction. Thus, a number of very significant side reactions have been largely ignored. The qualitative analysis of the products of reactions between very dilute concentrations of SO2 and NH3 both in the presence and absence of water suggests a wide range of possible parallel reactions to sulfate formation with a number of both stable, metastable and unstable sulfur compounds, as well as elemental sulfur. Very dilute, slightly SO2 rich SO2/NH3 reaction system in a dry atmosphere leads to eight distinct reactions. In the presence of water, the number of reactions exceeds nineteen. In the laboratory, it was possible to confirm most of these reactions directly from the presence of the primary reaction products; the remaining reactions were inferred through the presence of secondary products.
Benchmarking: a paradigm for change to quality education

Utilizes benchmarking as an effective and efficient way to manage the change process for quality transformation in schools. Originally conceptualized as competitive intelligence gathering, benchmarking can also be a vehicle for planned, orderly change. Discusses the practices of generic and strategic benchmarking with the importance of personalizing the change processes through matching teacher knowledge, skills and interests to their benchmarking assignments. Presents reasons as to why teachers resist change in general, and presents an adoption model which uses some of the TQM tools and techniques to facilitate whole‐school implementation of the quality principles.
Generating Electricity While Walking with Loads

We have developed the suspended-load backpack, which converts mechanical energy from the vertical movement of carried loads (weighing 20 to 38 kilograms) to electricity during normal walking [generating up to 7.4 watts, or a 300-fold increase over previous shoe devices (20 milliwatts)]. Unexpectedly, little extra metabolic energy (as compared to that expended carrying a rigid backpack) is required during electricity generation. This is probably due to a compensatory change in gait or loading regime, which reduces the metabolic power required for walking. This electricity generation can help give field scientists, explorers, and disaster-relief workers freedom from the heavy weight of replacement batteries and thereby extend their ability to operate in remote areas.
Transesterification kinetics of Camelina sativa oil on metal oxide catalysts under conventional and microwave heating conditions

Abstract The reaction kinetics of transesterification of Camelina sativa oil using metal oxide catalysts under the conventional heating and the microwave-heating conditions were investigated. The transesterification reaction rates and the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion rates were determined using heterogeneous metal oxide catalysts, i.e., BaO, CaO, MgO and SrO and two different heating methods. It was observed during the kinetic studies in this work that the BaO and SrO catalysts generated higher FAME yields than the CaO and MgO catalysts. A comparison between the conventional heating and the microwave-assisted transesterification processes showed that the reaction rate constants obtained in the microwave-assisted transesterification process are of two orders of magnitude higher than those obtained with the conventional heating method. Therefore, it can be well concluded that the heating method and solid catalysts play vital roles in improving the reaction kinetics and optimizing the reactors for biomass conversion to biodiesel.