cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental regulation of rat intrinsic factor mRNA

Using a full-length rat intrinsic factor (IF) cDNA clone, we have examined gene expression of IF in selected tissues from the adult rat and during postnatal development in the rat stomach. IF mRNA was expressed only in the rat stomach, and in situ hybridization revealed that the expression was limited to the chief cells at the base of the oxyntic glands. IF mRNA concentration in the stomach increased with postnatal age and reached a peak at the 30th day. Postnatally the amount of IF mRNA hybridized increased in both individual cells and in total number of cells. Administration of cortisol to, or adrenalectomy of, rats between 5 and 12 days of age resulted in increase or decrease of IF mRNA levels, respectively. Other hormones tested (pentagastrin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine) had no significant effect. During the suckling period, IF bound well to the ileal receptor, despite lower than adult levels of activity and different glycosylation, as assessed by binding to concanavalin A-Sepharose beads. These results show that developmental expression of IF activity in rat is closely related to the expression of its mRNA and that corticosteroids play an important role in such an expression.
Fuel Delivery System Model

A fuel delivery system hydraulic model has been developed by coupling a distributed hydraulic network model with lumped models for the various components of the fuel system like the injectors, regulators, accumulators, etc. The resulting governing equations are linearized around the nominal system pressure and integrated using a fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with a variable time-stepping scheme. The model assumes isothermal behavior, negligible frictional losses and single-phase flow. The goal of the model is to study small signal type perturbations around the operating system pressure. Typical outputs from exercising the model are presented. The model can be used to study fuel pressure and velocity transients throughout the system and to design the various fuel system components in a system context.
Prevalence and Predictors of Substance-Related Emergency Psychiatry Admissions

Background: Individuals commonly present for emergency psychiatry services for reasons related to their use of alcohol or illicit drugs. This study assessed the prevalence of these phenomena and explored characteristics distinguishing emergency psychiatry admissions with versus without presenting problems related to substance use. Methods: Data included standardized emergency psychiatry intake interviews from 2,161 consecutive admissions to three hospital-based emergency psychiatry departments in Florida’s Tampa Bay area. Admissions were classified as substanceinvolved if substance use was ascertained to be related to the presenting problem(s). Cases with only substance-related presenting problems were classified as substance-only admissions. Descriptive statistics compared substance-involved admissions to those whose presenting problems were not related to substance use. A logistic regression determined the characteristics most predictive of substance-involved admissions; similarly, a second logistic regression analysis was used to predict substance-only admissions. Findings: A substantial number of emergency psychiatry admissions (n=507; 23.5%) were identified as being substance-involved. These patients were more often male, single, and unemployed as compared to those whose presenting problems were not linked to substance use. Substance involvement was documented as the sole presenting problem for a sizable portion (n=171; 7.9%) of the emergency psychiatry department admissions. This model was similar to the previous one except that gender, employment status, and insurance type were no longer significant predictors; additionally, the second model revealed that separated or divorced participants were more than three times as likely (OR=3.30, p<0.001) as those who were single to present for services for only substance-related reasons. Conclusion: Though high costs prohibit universal implementation of biologicallybased substance use screening procedures in emergency psychiatry settings, several characteristics have consistently been shown to significantly relate to substance-involved admissions. These characteristics can be quickly and cheaply obtained during a brief interview to trigger a more thorough assessment of the patients’ substance involvement, a brief intervention in the emergency department if possible, and/or appropriate referrals for addiction and integrated Co-occurring disorders treatment service.
FPGA Power Estimation Using Automatic Feature Selection (Abstract Only)

Because layout stage consumes the lion share of FPGA synthesis runtime, pre-layout power estimation can be viewed as an early stage estimation and is needed for power minimization at the early design stage. Consisting two phases of feature selection and model training, data mining is effective for data based modeling, yet it has not been applied in a rigid fashion for FPGA power estimation as the existing algorithms can be viewed as model training using features selected manually. In this paper, we apply machine learning with automatic feature selection to pre- and post- logic synthesis estimations, named pre-synthesis and post-synthesis estimation. Experiments using Lattice Diamond MachXO2 family show that compared to the post-layout power simulation, post-synthesis estimation is 20x faster with 8.62% average error, while pre-synthesis estimation is 600x faster with considerably larger error that still needs further improvement. Furthermore, compared to existing algorithms using manually selected features, our post-synthesis estimation using automatic feature selection reduces error by 2-3 times. Finally, the ranking of features is able to provide insights for power minimization.
Outcomes of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery in patients with an ejection fraction of 35% or less.

ObjectiveWe evaluated the outcomes of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery via a right anterior thoracotomy approach in patients with isolated severe mitral regurgitation and severely reduced le...
The effects of chemical coagulants on the decolorization of dyes by electrocoagulation using response surface methodology (RSM)

This study assessed the efficiency of electrocoagulation (ECF) coupled with an addition of chemical coagulant to decolorize textile dye. Tests were conducted using Box Behnken methodology to vary six parameters: dye type, weight, coagulant type, dose, initial pH and current density. The combination of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation was able to decolorize dye up to 99.42 % in 30 min of treatment time which is remarkably shorter in comparison with using conventional chemical coagulation. High color removal was found to be contingent upon the dye type and current density, along with the interactions between the current density and the coagulant dose. The addition of chemical coagulants did enhanced treatment efficiency.
Impact of clustering microgrids on their stability and resilience during blackouts

In this paper, the impact of clustering multiple microgrids during blackouts, on their stability and supply availability, will be investigated. Microgrids have the capability of satisfying their emergency loads during blackouts. However, distributed energy resources (DERs)-dominated microgrids are affected by the uncertainty of their input energy supply, e.g. impact of solar irradiance on photovoltaic (PV) output. Moreover, an individual islanded microgrid is prone to instability issues due to large sudden load/generation changes. In order to increase the supply security, and enhance system stability, we propose to use the existing distribution grid infrastructure, if applicable, during blackouts to form microgrid clusters. The paper discusses the required control hierarchy required to manage the microgrid clusters, and communicate with the Distribution Network Operator (DNO). A case study based on the 13-bus standard distribution feeder, and two microgrid models, is presented. Results show that microgrids clustering helps improve their performance and that the microgrid generator inertia has a direct impact on the stability of the microgrid cluster.
Problems Encountered in Auxiliary System of Direct Air-cooling Turbine and Their Treatment

Based on the features of the auxiliary system of 660 MW direct air cooling turbine from Guohua Dingzhou Power Generation Co.,Ltd.,the problems encountered in commissioning process are analyzed and the solution is proposed thereafter.The investigation results can be referenced for similar systems.
Pathology and Pathophysiology of Proteinuric Glomerular Disease

Renal glomerular diseases began to be reasonably understood during the first part of this century when the major emphasis for classification shifted from pure clinical grounds to clinicopathological correlations. The popularization of renal biopsies, the refinements of laboratory methods for detection of possible etiological factors, the availability of electron microscopy, the development of experimental models, and the wealth of immunologic information accumulated during the last two or three decades all have contributed greatly to advance our knowledge; yet as of now there is not one generally accepted classification of glomerular diseases. The reason for this is multifactorial. The glomerulus has very limited ways of reacting to injury; therefore, different etiological insults might express indistinguishable structural and functional alterations. Furthermore, the humoral and cellular response may vary from patient to patient and similar etiological challenge may result in different morphological and clinical pictures. Most glomerulonephritides are of unknown etiology and usually present as primary renal disease. Similar glomerular alterations, however, may develop during the course of systemic diseases or may rarely precede them. Whether primary or associated with systemic disease the majority of glomerulonephritides are mediated by humoral immunologic mechanisms, as proven by the presence of glomerular deposits of immunoglobulin and complement demonstrable by immunofluorescence microscopy and rarely by the identification of specific antibody or antigen in the glomerular eluates.
Post-zeroizing Obfuscation: New Mathematical Tools, and the Case of Evasive Circuits

Recent devastating attacks by Cheon et al.i¾?[Eurocrypt'15] and others have highlighted significant gaps in our intuition about security in candidate multilinear map schemes, and in candidate obfuscators that use them. The new attacks, and some that were previously known, are typically called "zeroizing" attacks because they all crucially rely on the ability of the adversary to create encodings of 0. In this work, we initiate the study of post-zeroizing obfuscation, and we obtain a key new mathematical tool to analyze security in a post-zeroizing world. Our new mathematical tool allows for analyzing polynomials constructed by the adversary when given encodings of randomized matrices arising from a general matrix branching program. This technique shows that the types of encodings an adversary can create are much more restricted than was previously known, and is a crucial step toward achieving post-zeroizing security. We also believe the technique is of independent interest, as it yields efficiency improvements for existing schemes --- efficiency improvements that have already found application in other settings. Finally, we show how to apply our new mathematical tool to the special case of evasive functions. We show that our obfuscator survives all known attacks on the underlying multilinear maps, by proving that no top-level encodings of 0 can be created by a generic-model adversary. Previous obfuscators for both evasive and general functions were either analyzed in a less-conservative "pre-zeroizing" model that does not capture recent attacks, or were proved secure relative to assumptions that no longer have any plausible instantiation due to zeroizing attacks.
Cost of antimicrobial therapy across US children's hospitals.

We analyzed the cost of antimicrobial prescribing across freestanding children’s hospitals. A few specific antimicrobials accounted for a large proportion of expenditures, and antimicrobial spending varied substantially across hospitals, even within specific clinical conditions. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should consider these data to incorporate high-value antimicrobial prescribing when clinically appropriate. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(10):1242–1244
CT Fluoroscopy–Guided Blood Patching of Ventral CSF Leaks by Direct Needle Placement in the Ventral Epidural Space Using a Transforaminal Approach

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Epidural blood patch treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension arising from ventral CSF leaks can be difficult secondary to challenges in achieving ventral spread of patching material. The purpose of this study was to determine the technical success rates and safety profile of direct needle placement into the ventral epidural space via a posterior transforaminal approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive CT fluoroscopy–guided epidural blood patches from June 2013 through July 2015. Cases were included if a posterior transforaminal approach was taken to place the needle directly in the ventral epidural space. Rates of technical success (defined as contrast in the spinal canal ventral epidural space) and optimal epidurogram (defined as contrast spreading into or beyond the middle third of the spinal canal ventral epidural space) were determined. Factors influencing these rates were assessed. All complications, inadvertent intravascular injections, and intrathecal punctures were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 72 ventral epidural blood patches were identified; immediate technical success was achieved in 95.8% and an optimal epidurogram in 47.2%. Needle position within the spinal canal ventral epidural space was associated with obtaining an optimal epidurogram (P = .005). Inadvertent intravascular injection was identified in 29.3% of cases, but all were venous. There were no inadvertent intrathecal punctures or complications. CONCLUSIONS: Direct needle placement in the ventral epidural space via a transforaminal approach for treatment of ventral CSF leaks has an excellent technical success rate and safety profile. This technique can be considered as a treatment option in selected patients with ventral CSF leaks for whom traditional techniques are unsuccessful.
Pb2MnTeO6 Double Perovskite: An Antipolar anti-Ferromagnet.

Pb2MnTeO6 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of PbO, MnCO3, and TeO2 in flowing O2 (1073 K, 12 h).
Precarity outside: The political unconscious of French academic labor

The concept of precarity has lately become prominent in anthropology as a way of theorizing neoliberal labor, affect, and subjectivity. But just what are the politics of this concept? In the context of French higher education and research, precarite is not only a designator for affect or labor relations. It is also a semiautonomous political concept with a political unconscious. Even as it mobilizes academic unions and makes claims on the French state, it fulfills covert ideological functions like political delegation, othering, sociological occlusion of race and class, and the universalization of elite disappointment. This in turn raises reflexive questions about precarity within Anglophone anthropology. [precarity, academic labor, reflexive anthropology, otherness, disidentification, political unconscious, France] Le concept de precarite est de plus en plus saillant en anthropologie car il permet de theoriser le travail, l'affect et la subjectivite neoliberaux. Mais quels sont les politiques de ce concept? Dans le contexte francais de l'enseignement superieur et de la recherche, la « precarite » n'est pas seulement un terme qui designe l'affect ou les relations de travail. C'est egalement un concept politique quasi-autonome dote d'un inconscient politique. Alors meme qu'il mobilise les syndicats universitaires et qu'il porte des revendications aupres de l'Etat francais, il a des fonctions ideologiques cachees telles que la delegation politique, la production de l'alterite, l'occultation sociologique de la race et de la classe sociale et l'universalisation du sentiment de deception chez les elites. Reciproquement, le cas francais souleve des questions reflexives quant a la precarite au sein de l'anthropologie anglophone. [precarite, travail universitaire, anthropologie reflexive, alterite, desidentification, inconscient politique, France]
Coups and Their Prevention

It may seem odd to begin our discussion of absolutist government not with the way one becomes a dictator, but with the way one keeps the dictatorship once one has it. This is dealing with the second stage, not the first stage of the career of most dictators. Nevertheless, for most dictators the period which they are in power is much longer than the period in which they achieve power. There is also a structural reason. In order to understand the problems faced by a man attempting to seize power, it is necessary to have a good idea of the barriers which were placed in his way by the existing dictator. The internal history of any dictatorship is largely a jockeying for power. The dictator lives continuously under the Sword of Damocles and equally continuously worries about the thickness of the thread. His high ranking courtiers, on the other hand, are well advised to shake their head in order to make certain it is still firmly attached every time they leave his presence. Of course, politics in most modern dictatorships is not as bloody as that in the ancient autocracies which led to these two legends, but great personal insecurity is still part of them.
Effects of Glia in a Triphasic Continuum Model of Cortical Spreading Depression

Cortical spreading depression (SD) is a spreading disruption in brain ionic homeostasis during which neurons experience complete and prolonged depolarizations. SD is generally believed to be the physiological substrate of migraine aura and is associated with many other brain pathologies. Here, we perform simulations with a model of SD treating brain tissue as a triphasic continuum of neurons, glia and the extracellular space. A thermodynamically consistent incorporation of the major biophysical effects, including ionic electrodiffusion and osmotic water flow, allows for the computation of important physiological variables including the extracellular voltage (DC) shift. A systematic parameter study reveals that glia can act as both a disperser and buffer of potassium in SD propagation. Furthermore, we show that the timing of the DC shift with respect to extracellular $$\hbox {K}^{+}$$ rise is highly dependent on glial parameters, a result with implications for the identification of the propagating mechanism of SD.
Cost analysis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: early discharge decreases hospital costs much less than intraoperative variables under the control of the surgeon.

Background: Spinal fusion surgery for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is increasing. Health systems and surgeons are decreasing hospital length of stay (LOS) to decrease costs. The purpose of this study was to review the contribution of an accelerated discharge protocol on the total cost of a single episode of care related to the surgical treatment of AIS at a single institution. Methods: A retrospective cost analysis was performed over an 18-month period, from January 2014 through June 2015, before and after the institution of an accelerated discharge program. Patients treated surgically with ICD-9 code 737.30 (Idiopathic Scoliosis) were reviewed. Itemized costs and LOS were analyzed collectively and by surgeon before and after the accelerated discharge protocol. Results: Eighty AIS patients were treated surgically. The accelerated discharge program significantly reduced average LOS from 4.2 days in 2014 to 3.3 days during the first 6 months of 2015 (P≤0.05). There were no increases in complications. There was a 9% decrease in the total average costs per episode of care. A weighted average, a relative average change in costs, and an average cost savings per case were calculated for 12 different categories. Average Surgical Services and Nursing costs decreased during the study period while all other costs increased. The accelerated discharge program did not directly contribute significantly to this decrease in costs. Greatest cost reduction was associated with average bone graft and pedicle screw cost, with an overall 8.5% reduction in pedicle screw use and a 58% reduction in bone graft costs. Conclusions: Intraoperative variables under the direct control of the surgeon contribute much more to cost reduction than an accelerated discharge program for surgically treated AIS patients.
The Association Between Assigned Independent Learning Schedule and Medical Student Performance on Examinations

Studies of college bound high school students found that these learners base study practices on their beliefs about how they perceive they learn best. Research on study habits and examination performance is absent in medical education but is important because it suggests potential ways a learner can regulate performance. We tested the hypothesis that students whose independent learning time was assigned to occur on Thursday afternoon would perform better on weekly Friday examinations compared to students who have independent study time on Monday afternoon or Tuesday morning. To test this hypothesis, we linked data on timing of assigned independent learning sessions to student demographic characteristics and MCAT scores and then to performance on weekly examinations among 148 medical students undertaking the first 12 months of Oregon Health & Science University’s School of Medicine curriculum. The mean age of students in our study sample was 26.3 years with a range of 22–42. Most identified as female (54.1%), white (76.0%), non-Hispanic (95.9%), and single (74.2%) without children (96.6%). Total MCAT scores averaged 31.2 with a range of 24–40. Mean Friday examination scores ranged from 84.0 to 85.8 in Term 1 (p = 0.23), 84.8 to 85.1 in Term 2 (p = 0.96), and 84.1 to 85.5 in Term 3 (p = 0.40). We found no statistical differences in students’ demographic and MCAT scores according to either term or timing of assigned independent learning sessions. Thus, the timing of assigned independent learning sessions made no difference on weekly examination scores. More research is needed on study patterns to help inform students on how habits could be regulated to help improve performance.
The cerebellum contributes to proprioception during motion

We assessed limb position sense during movement in patients with cerebellar damage and found deficits in proprioceptive acuity during both passive and active movement. The effect of cerebellar dama...
Viscoelastic hydrogels for 3D cell culture.

In tissues, many cells are surrounded by and interact with a three-dimensional soft extracellular matrix (ECM). Both the physical and biochemical properties of the ECM play a major role in regulating cell behaviours. To better understand the impact of ECM properties on cell behaviours, natural and synthetic hydrogels have been developed for use as synthetic ECMs for 3D cell culture. It has long been known that ECM and tissues are viscoelastic, or display a time-dependent response to deformation or mechanical loading, exhibiting stress relaxation and creep. However, only recently have there been efforts made to understand the role of the time-dependent aspects of the ECM mechanics on regulating cell behaviours using hydrogels for 3D culture. Here we review the characterization and molecular basis of hydrogel viscoelasticity and plasticity, and describe newly developed approaches to tuning viscoelasticity in hydrogels for 2D and 3D culture. Then we highlight several recent studies finding a potent impact of hydrogel stress relaxation or creep on cell behaviours such as cell spreading, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The role of time-dependent mechanics on cell biology remains largely unclear, and ripe for further exploration. Further elucidation of this topic may substantially advance our understanding of cell–matrix interactions during development, homeostasis, wound healing, and disease, and guide the design of biomaterials for regenerative medicine.
Confined Crystallization within Cylindrical P3EHT Block Copolymer Microdomains

Confinement of crystallites within block copolymer microdomains is a promising approach to study conjugated polymer crystallization due to interfacial chain tethering and defined geometries. The nanoscale organization of crystallites is often critical to determining the charge transport properties of conjugated polymers. Here, a poly(3-(2′-ethyl)hexylthiophene)-block-poly(methyl acrylate) (P3EHT-b-PMA) system is leveraged to study the impact of confinement within cylindrical microdomains. The crystalline P3EHT permits accessible melting temperatures and robust formation of traditional microphase-separated morphologies, while the rubbery PMA allows the local deformations required to permit P3EHT crystallization. Crystallites form with chains perpendicular to the diblock interface, causing domain expansion; TEM reveals that this is accommodated in the cylindrical geometry via local deformation. Complementary SAXS/WAXS of aligned diblocks shows preferential orientation of the alkyl chain stacks down domains....
Status Anxiety among Pluripotent Stem Cells

Abundant cell death marks early embryonic development. New work reported in Developmental Cell from Diaz-Diaz and colleagues (2017) proposes that this death results from cell competition arising from differences in cellular differentiation status, thus providing a physiological mechanism for controlling the make-up of the pluripotent stem cell population.
White Women, U.S. Popular Culture, and Narratives of Addiction:

The United States war on drugs has, for decades now, systematically targeted communities of color. This sustained attack on people of color is accomplished through the use of whiteness. Recently, m...
Exploring Hidden Curricula in an Interprofessional Intensive Care Unit Simulation

Abstract The hidden curriculum involves students' experiences of unstated norms and values throughout educational activities. The purpose of the study was to determine if students left a simulation having gained knowledge in areas other than our predetermined learning objectives. Our sample included 194 students in undergraduate and professional programs from seven health care professions. Immediately after a simulation debriefing, data were collected through anonymous surveys (n = 194). Students were asked to provide date, profession, group session, and two things they learned from the simulation. From a qualitative data analysis, two themes emerged that were not included in the predetermined learning objectives: (a) interprofessional role clarity and (b) self-efficacy. By working in a simulated intensive care unit, students gained introspection into their role and potential impact within the health care team. Faculty can use hidden curricula to inform discussions with students, promote program revision, and improve the quality of the learning experience.
Where’s the demand? Explaining the EU’s surprisingly constructive response to adverse WTO rulings

The political significance of international institutions depends on whether states comply when doing so is costly. The IR literature suggests several reasons a state might do so, but does a poor jo...
Cybersecurity Principles for Space Systems

Space systems, ranging from satellites to mission control centers, are frequently the target of cyberattacks. Despite the space industry’s technical sophistication, their cybersecurity efforts have...
Exposure to Topical Bovine Thrombin During Surgery Elicits a Response Against the Xenogeneic Carbohydrate Galactose α1-3Galactose

Exposure of humans to topical bovine thrombin has been associated with development of antibodies against bovine and human coagulation factors and blood coagulation abnormalities. However, the nature of this humoral response is unknown. In this study, numerous glycoproteins in the topical bovine thrombin were found to contain the Galα1-3Gal epitope, which is known to be highly immunogenic. More importantly, Galα1-3Gal is recognized by natural antibodies that are found in all normal individuals and are known to effectively mediate complement activation and subsequent destruction of xenogeneic tissues. Thus, primary exposure of normal individuals to topical bovine thrombin is expected to result in an immediate immune reaction against that reagent. Further, following exposure to topical bovine thrombin, the levels of anti-Galα1-3Gal IgG rose to levels tenfold greater than the average level of natural anti-Galα1-3Gal IgG in naive individuals. Thus, Galα1-3Gal in topical bovine thrombin accounts for, at least in part, the highly immunogenic nature of this reagent.
Abstract 15463: Occupational Health Hazards of Working in the Interventional Laboratory: A Large Case-Control Study

Introduction: An increase in PCI volumes, complexity, and procedure times has led to both an increase in physical stresses related to wearing protective lead aprons and operator radiation exposure. The effects of such occupational hazards remain poorly understood as available studies have limitations such as poor survey response rates, lack of age-matched controls, and subjective pain assessment. Methods: We surveyed 1541 Mayo Foundation employees within the departments of cardiology and radiology (1042 without and 499 with radiation exposure) for pain, cancer, thyroid disease, cataract, and nephrolithiasis and stratified them based on their exposure to radiation. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted associations between radiation exposure and endpoints. Results: The response rate was 57%. The average age was 43 years; 33% were male. The associations between pain and medical diagnoses with radiation exposure are summarized in the Table. Conclusions: In personnel exposed to radiation working in laboratories, there is a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal pain but the prevalence of cancer, cataract, thyroid problems and nephrolithiasis are similar. There was a trend towards a higher incidence of composite endpoints. Larger studies are needed to confirm this association. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Spin Transfer Measurements in (vec{p},vec{n}) Reactions

The measurement of complete sets of spin transfer coefficients in nuclear transitions, induced via charge-exchange (\((\vec p, \vec n)\)) reactions at intermediate energies, is a unique form of separating the spin-dependent and spin-independent contributions to the differential cross section. The two components of the spin-dependent contribution, the spin-longitudinal and spin-transverse components may equally be separated. This is extremely important in cases where the target nuclei has a non-integer ground state spin. In this study and as an example of the above, we present differential cross section and complete set of polarization transfer coefficients obtained in the (\(^{13} C(\vec p, \vec n)\)) 13N reaction studied at angles between 0° and 33° and at 197 MeV incident proton energy. Polarization transfer coefficients are used to obtain the fraction of the Gamow-Teller (GT) component in the mirror ground state transition, which is a combination of the spin-independent Fermi (F) and spin-dependent GT components. Data are also presented for the transition to the first excited state in 13N at 2.34 MeV. This is a (1/2)− → (1/2)+ transition and the cross section is an incoherent admixture of ΔJπ = 1− and ΔJπ = 0− components. The complete set of polarization transfer coefficients are used to obtain differential cross section data for both components. The empirical results are compared with Distorted Wave Impulse Approximation calculations, DWIA.
Predicting immunofluorescence images from reflectance microscopy via deep learning

To circumvent the limitations of immunofluorescence microscopy, we propose a deep learning approach for characterizing morphological information contained in reflectance microscopy with high specificity and enable digital multiplexing.
Positioning accuracy assessment of a commercial RTK UAS

Though unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are widely used in agriculture, their current positioning accuracy in a radius of 0.5 to 2 meters is still too low to pinpoint a crop row or to precisely overlay temporal multi-source field maps together without a valid geometric calibration. The positioning accuracy of UAS deployed with real time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) can be largely increased to a centimeter level, which was claimed from the manufacturers. This paper includes the preliminary test results of positioning accuracy of a commercial RTK UAS over a set of fixed position panels in our customized scenarios. Images were collected in three GNSS modes (regular GNSS without RTK, RTK mode 1 - not corrected by the positioning error of the base station, and RTK mode 2 - corrected by the positioning error of the base station) in static and in-flight settings. In the static setting, horizontal accuracies were 2.17 cm for the RTK mode 2, 12.11 cm for the RTK mode 1, and 11.46 cm for the regular GNSS mode. The significant result of horizontal accuracy in the in-flight setting was that RTK mode 2 without GCPs (2.82 cm) showed comparable accuracy with the commonly used regular GNSS mode with GCPs (1.34 cm). The vertical positioning accuracy in the static setting were 6.01 cm for the RTK mode 2, 5.65 cm for the RTK mode 1, and 10.48 cm for the regular GNSS mode. The accuracy of height measurement from digital surface models (DSMs) without and with GCPs in RTK mode 2 were 4.81 cm and 3.72 cm, respectively, which were the best performance among the three modes. In summary, the RTK UAS tested in this study showed great potential in eliminating the requirement of using GCPs and in high-positioning-accuracy application. The next phase is to test the system in field for accurate crop height measurement at different growth stages in agricultural application.
Fatigue and Fracture Characteristics of High-Hardness, Laminar Composite Steel

The purpose of the present paper is to characterize static and dynamic mechanical properties of high-hardness laminar composite steel. Tensile, compressive, and shear properties were obtained. Fatigue properties were alsoinvestigated including the effect of minimum:maximum stress (R) ratio, humidity, and surface condition. Improving the as-received surface led to increased values of the fatigue limit. Fatigue resistance was lowered markedly by humidity. For a given value of maximum stress increasing the R ratio increased the number of cycles to failure. Orientation had a pronounced effect on the toughness of cracked and uncracked Charpy specimens, that is, RW orientation exhibited greater toughness than did WR. There is some evidence to indicate that constraint has caused the hard-soft interfacial bond to delaminate. Lastly, examination of the fracture surfaces of the tensile, fatigue, and Charpy specimens revealed that in most instances crack initiation phase of fracture takes place on the hard side of the composite.
Prediction of Future Appearances via Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks Based on Image Time Series in Cloud Computing

In recent years, cloud computing has become a prevalent platform to run artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning applications. With cloud services, AI models can be deployed easily for the convenience of users. However, although cloud service providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) have provided various services to support AI applications, the design of AI models is still the key in many specific applications such as forecasting or prediction. For example, how to forecast the future appearance of ornamental plants or pets? To deal with this problem, in this paper we develop a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) model to forecast the future appearance according to their past appearance images. Specifically, we study the problem of using the pine tree’s past appearance images to forecast its future appearance images. We use a plant simulation software to generate pine tree’s growing images to train the model. As a result, our model can generate the future appearance image of the pine tree, and the generated images are very similar to the true images. This means our model can work well to forecast the future appearance based on the image series.
Functioning mechanisms of Shugoshin-1 in centromeric cohesion during mitosis

Proper regulation of centromeric cohesion is required for faithful chromosome segregation that prevents chromosomal instability. Extensive studies have identified and established the conserved protein Shugoshin (Sgo1/2) as an essential protector for centromeric cohesion. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how Shugoshin-1 (Sgo1) protects centromeric cohesion at the molecular level. Targeting of Sgo1 to inner centromeres is required for its proper function of cohesion protection. We therefore discuss about the molecular mechanisms that install Sgo1 onto inner centromeres. At metaphase-to-anaphase transition, Sgo1 at inner centromeres needs to be disabled for the subsequent sister-chromatid segregation. A few recent studies suggest interesting models to explain how it is achieved. These models are discussed as well.
Sex-biased recapture rates present challenges to quantifying population sizes and dispersal behavior of the regal fritillary butterfly ( Speyeria idalia )

The range of the regal fritillary butterfly (Speyeria idalia) has declined substantially due to habitat loss, leading to concerns about the long-term persistence of this species and a current assessment for protection under the Endangered Species Act. Understanding population sizes and dispersal patterns will be important for this assessment and implementing future conservation efforts. The regal fritillary is found in several small remnant prairies south of Sedalia, MO, USA and believed to have relatively large and persistent populations. The objective of this study was to conduct a marking study to quantify local population sizes, capture rates, and movements among state owned Conservation Areas. A total of 109 regal fritillaries were marked at three preserves; however, most effort was directed at Friendly Prairie Conservation Area that yielded a population size estimate of 79 individuals. Males were recaptured more often than females, while the population size estimate was sensitive to a small number of female recaptures. Therefore, a long-term monitoring program will be more efficient if it tracks male abundances, resulting in increased statistical power to detect trends. The low recapture rates of females hindered the ability to assess movement patterns, as females of most butterfly species exhibit long-distance dispersal. Movements of at least 2.9 km and 3.4 km for two males demonstrates connectivity among prairie remnants and may be the reason for the persistent population in this region. Increasing prairie habitat in an arrangement to facilitate movement across the landscape should be implemented to benefit the regal fritillary and other prairie habitat-sensitive butterflies.
Healthcare Utilization and End-of-Life Outcomes in Patients Receiving CAR T-Cell Therapy.

Background CAR T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of patients with hematologic malignancies, but it can result in prolonged hospitalizations and serious toxicities. However, data on the impact of CAR T-cell therapy on healthcare utilization and end-of-life (EoL) outcomes are lacking. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 236 patients who received CAR T-cell therapy at 2 tertiary care centers from February 2016 through December 2019. We abstracted healthcare utilization and EoL outcomes from the electronic health record, including hospitalizations, receipt of ICU care, hospitalization and receipt of systemic therapy in the last 30 days of life, palliative care, and hospice referrals. Results Most patients (81.4%; n=192) received axicabtagene ciloleucel. Overall, 28.1% of patients experienced a hospital readmission and 15.5% required admission to the ICU within 3 months of CAR T-cell therapy. Among the deceased cohort, 58.3% (49/84) were hospitalized and 32.5% (26/80) received systemic therapy in the last 30 days of life. Rates of palliative care and hospice referrals were 47.6% and 30.9%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, receipt of bridging therapy (odds ratio [OR], 3.15; P=.041), index CAR-T hospitalization length of stay >14 days (OR, 4.76; P=.009), hospital admission within 3 months of CAR T-cell infusion (OR, 4.29; P=.013), and indolent lymphoma transformed to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR, 9.83; P=.012) were associated with likelihood of hospitalization in the last 30 days of life. Conclusions A substantial minority of patients receiving CAR T-cell therapy experienced hospital readmission or ICU utilization in the first 3 months after CAR T-cell therapy, and most deceased recipients of CAR T-cell therapy received intensive EoL care. These findings underscore the need for interventions to optimize healthcare delivery and EoL care for this population.
Why Don't Schools and Teachers Seem to Matter?: Assessing the Impact of Unobservables on Educational Productivity

In this paper, we use data drawn from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988, which allows students to be linked to particular teachers and classes, to estimate the impact of observable and unobservable schooling characteristics on student outcomes. A variety of models show some schooling resources (in particular, teacher qualifications) to be significant in influencing tenth grade mathematics test scores. Unobservable school, teacher, and class characteristics are important in explaining student achievement but do not appear to be correlated with observable variables in our sample. Thus, our results suggest that the omission of unobservables does not cause biased estimates in standard educational production functions.
Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID): 30-m resolution maps of irrigation distribution, frequency, and change for the U.S., 1997–2017

Abstract. Data on irrigation patterns and trends at field-level detail across broad extents is vital for assessing and managing limited water resources. Until recently, there has been a scarcity of comprehensive, consistent, and frequent irrigation maps for the U.S. Here we present the new Landsat-based Irrigation Dataset (LANID), which is comprised of 30-m resolution annual irrigation maps covering the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) for the period of 1997–2017. The main dataset identifies the annual extent of irrigated croplands, pastureland, and hay for each year in the study period. Derivative maps include layers on maximum irrigated extent, irrigation frequency and trends, and identification of formerly irrigated areas and intermittently irrigated lands. Temporal analysis reveals that 38.5 million hectares of croplands and pasture/hay have been irrigated, among which the yearly active area ranged from ~22.6 to 24.7 million hectares. The LANID products provide several improvements over other irrigation data including field-level details on irrigation change and frequency, an annual time step, and a collection of ~10,000 visually interpreted ground reference locations for the eastern U.S. where such data has been lacking. Our maps demonstrated overall accuracy above 90 % across all years and regions, including in the more humid and challenging-to-map eastern U.S., marking a significant advancement over other products, whose accuracies ranged from 50 to 80 %. In terms of change detection, our maps yield per-pixel transition accuracy of 81 % and show good agreement with U.S. Department of Agriculture reports at both county and state levels. The described annual maps, derivative layers, and ground reference data provide users with unique opportunities to study local to nationwide trends, driving forces, and consequences of irrigation and encourage the further development and assessment of new approaches for improved mapping of irrigation especially in challenging areas like the eastern U.S. The annual LANID maps, derivative products, and ground reference data are available through https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5003976 (Xie et al., 2021).
Studies on immunity in anthrax. IX. Effect of variations in cultural conditions on elaboration of protective antigen by strains of Bacillus anthracis.

Wright, George G. (Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.), Milton Puziss, and W. Brook Neely. Studies on immunity in anthrax. IX. Effect of variation in cultural conditions on elaboration of protective antigen by strains of Bacillus anthracis. J. Bacteriol. 83:515–522. 1962.—Nonproteolytic and nonencapsulated avirulent mutants were isolated from six virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis and tested for elaboration of protective antigen in the chemically defined medium developed previously (599 medium). Initially the strains grew rather slowly in 599 medium; serial transfer in the medium increased the rate of growth but reduced the elaboration of antigen. Two of the strains tended to revert to the encapsulated form during serial passage in 599 medium. Modifications in the medium and cultural conditions were studied in an attempt to obtain improved growth; the most significant alterations were the addition of adenosine and l-alanine, reduction in the concentration of ferrous sulfate, and growth under anaerobic conditions with agitation. Study of amino acid utilization in the medium revealed that the concentrations of certain amino acids could be reduced. These modifications, together with substitution of more productive strains, resulted in an approximately fivefold increase in elaboration of protective antigen, and greatly simplified production of the antigen on a practical scale. Omission of bicarbonate from the medium had no significant influence on utilization of amino acids.
Newton’s Method

The search for solutions of the equation f(x) = 0 is ancient and methods that can solve equations of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 are several thousand years old. In the 16th century, Italian mathematicians discovered methods for solving third and fourth degree polynomials. However, it was shown in the early part of the nineteenth century that there is no general method for solving polynomials of degree five or higher. Consequently, methods for estimating solutions of equations as simple as polynomials are necessary. Isaac Newton developed such a method, which was later refined by Joseph Raphson, and which we now know as Newton’s method or the Newton-Raphson Method. Newton’s method is easy to use and is often taught in first semester calculus since it only requires knowledge of the derivative.