cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attitudes toward Classroom Discussions of Death and Dying among Urban and Suburban Children

Fifty black inner-city children and fifty white suburban children were asked their views on discussing death in the classroom. The suburban upper-middle class children were significantly more likely to think that death should be discussed in the classroom. The reasons given for not wanting to discuss death also differed between the two groups. In urban children fear of bad things happening and unwanted emotions were the most frequent responses. In suburban children unwanted emotions was the most frequent response. A better understanding of death and preparation for loss were cited with equal frequency as reasons for discussing death by suburban children. The most frequently occurring response among those urban children who were positive toward discussing death was a better understanding of death. Some implications for death education were presented.
Genetic metamorphosis of herpes simplex virus-1 into a biological therapeutic for human cancer

Over the past decade, rapid progress has been made in engineering safe, replicating herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) mutants for use as biological oncolytic agents in the treatment of human cancer. While initial efforts demonstrated the potential of HSV-1 mutants as antitumour agents, they relied on viruses that were not sufficiently attenuated. Following its identification as the major viral neurovirulence determinant, mutations in the γ34.5 gene were subsequently incorporated into oncolytic strains. Despite the fact that γ34.5 mutant derivatives can be safely administered to mice, non-human primates and humans, their efficacy is limited because, like many weakened viral strains, they replicate poorly in a number of cell types, including cancer cells. Strategies to improve the oncolytic properties of γ34.5 mutant derivatives through further genetic manipulation are reviewed. In addition, traditional treatment modalities that incorporate viral inoculation, along with efforts to elicit an antitumour immune r...
Rule-based inspection of leadframes (IC manufacture)

A description is given of progress toward implementing a rule-based visual inspection system. The target product for inspection is integrated-circuit lead frames. A frame-based representation system is used to describe the product and defect categories. The system uses three levels of visual inspection to identify generic and specific inspection targets and defect categories. >
Improved Detection of Biofilm-formative Bacteria by Vortexing and Sonication: A Pilot Study

Bacteria such as staphylococci commonly encountered in orthopaedic infections form biofilms and adhere to bone implants and cements. Various methods to disrupt the biofilm and enhance bacterial detection have been reported. We will describe the effectiveness of vortexing and sonication to improve the detection of biofilm-formative bacteria from polymethylmethacrylate by conventional quantitative bacterial culture and real-time quantitative PCR. We used a single biofilm-formative Staphylococcus aureus strain and 20 polymethylmethacrylate coupons as an in vitro biofilm model; four coupons were used for each of two control groups or three experimental sonication times (1, 5, and 30 minutes). Vortexing the cement without sonication increased the yield of adherent bacteria to a considerable extent. The combination of vortexing and sonication further enhanced the yield regardless of the duration of sonication. Quantitative conventional cultures correlated with quantitative PCR assay. The combination of vortexing and sonication to disrupt the bacterial biofilm followed by quantitative PCR and/or culture seems to be a sensitive method for detecting bacteria adherent to bone cement.
Language Choice on University Websites: Longitudinal Trends

This study analyzes linguistic versions of the Web pages of 1,140 universities in 57 countries via a content analysis of language use at three points in time over a five-year period. The results are partially inconsistent with previous theories of Internet multilingualism. As an alternative, we propose a tri-level multiglossia model in which the national language is the core language used to communicate with the native population of the country; English is the first additional language, aimed at an international audience; and other secondary languages target specific groups. Over the five-year period, the first level remained stable, the second increased, and the third increased the most. This suggests that even in the domain of higher education, the Web is becoming increasingly multilingual.
Cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination of older adults in the ED setting.

Abstract Objectives Adults older than 50 years are at greater risk for death and severe disability from influenza. Persons in this age group, however, are frequently not vaccinated, despite extensive efforts by physicians to provide this preventive measure in primary care settings. We performed this study to determine if influenza vaccination of older adults in the emergency department (ED) may be cost-effective. Methods Using a probabilistic decision model with quasi-Markov modeling of a typical influenza season, we calculated costs and health outcomes for a hypothetical cohort of patients using parameters from the literature. Three ED-based intervention strategies were compared: (1) no vaccination offered, (2) vaccination offered to patients older than 65 years (limited strategy), and (3) vaccination offered to all patients who are 50 years and older (inclusive strategy). Outcomes were measured as costs, lives saved, and incremental costs per life saved. We performed deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results Vaccination of patients 50 years of age and older results in an incremental cost of $34 610 per life saved when compared with the no-vaccination strategy. Limiting vaccination to only those older than 65 years results in an incremental cost of $13 084 per life saved. Results were sensitive to changes in vaccine cost but were insensitive to changes in other model parameters. Conclusions Vaccination of older adults against influenza in the ED setting is cost-effective, especially for those older than 65 years. Emergency departments may be an important setting for providing influenza vaccination to adults who may otherwise have remained unvaccinated.
Abstract TP107: Stats Regulate Transcription Of 12/15-lox In Mouse Cortical Neurons Under Glutamate-induced Oxidative Stress

Background and Purpose— Oxidative stress during reperfusion following cerebral ischemic stroke causes neuronal death and various forms of cerebrovascular injury. 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) is a major contributor to these processes; however, the regulation of 12/15-LOX expression in the ischemic brain is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of 12/15-LOX in primary cortical neurons subjected to oxidative stress. Methods— Immature cortical neurons were treated with glutamate. Western blots were performed for analysis of 12/15-LOX protein level and phosphorylation of STAT1 and 6 in response to glutamate stimuli. Primary mouse cerebral cortical neurons were transfected with small interfering RNA probes targeted to STAT1 or 6 and were used for real time RT-PCR for analysis of changes in 12/15-LOX mRNA level, and cell viability assay following glutamate treatment. Results— In preliminary screening of putative transcriptional factors on the promoters of mouse and human 12/15-LOX genes, we detected multiple putative binding motifs for STATs in the promoters of 12/15-LOX. Following glutamate treatment of primary cortical neurons, phosphorylation of STAT1 (Y701) and STAT6 (Y641), as well as 12/15-LOX protein levels, were significantly increased. Importantly, we found significant increases in mRNA levels of 12/15-LOX in mouse cerebral cortices subjected to ischemia reperfusion, which was paralleled in glutamate-treated primary cortical neurons. Gene silencing of STAT1 or 6 by siRNA transfection in primary cortical neurons reduced the levels of both 12/15-LOX mRNA and protein under glutamate-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, inhibition of STAT1 or 6 by siRNA transfection protected primary cortical neurons against glutamate-induced oxidative stress. Conclusions— This study increases our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of the 12/15-LOX gene in cerebral ischemic injury and oxidative stress, which will be important to guard against neuronal cell death. Identifying regulators of 12/15-LOX transcription may suggest new molecular targets for stroke therapy.
Immunohistochemical detection of markers for translational studies of lung disease in pigs and humans

Genetically engineered pigs are increasingly recognized as valuable models for the study of human disease. Immunohistochemical study of cellular markers of disease is an important tool for the investigation of these novel models so as to evaluate genotype and treatment differences. Even so, there remains a lack of validated markers for pig tissues that can serve as a translational link to human disease in organs such as the lung. Herein, we evaluate markers of cellular inflammation (cluster of differentiation [CD]3, CD79a, B cell lymphoma [BCL] 6, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule [IBA]1, and myeloperoxidase) and those that may be involved with tissue remodeling (alpha-smooth muscle actin, beta-tubulin-III, lactoferrin, mucin [MUC]5AC, MUC5B, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator [CFTR]) for study of lung tissues. We compare the utility of these markers between pig and human lungs to validate translational relevance of each marker. Our results suggest these markers can be a useful addition in the pathological evaluation of porcine models of human disease.
Growth of Listeria monocytogenes on fresh vegetables stored under controlled atmosphere

The effects of controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) on survival and growth of Listeria monocytogenes on fresh asparagus, broccoli, and cauliflower were investigated. Vegetables were inoculated with L. monocytogenes strain Scott A or LCDC 81-861 (103-105 CFU/g) and stored at 4 and 15°C under CAS and air. L. monocytogenes populations were monitored over 21 day (4°C) and 10 day (15°C) periods using selective recovery media and a direct plating technique. CAS lengthened the time that all vegetables were considered acceptable for consumption by subjective inspection. Populations of L. monocytogenes increased during storage but CAS did not influence the rate of growth.
An interactive simulation platform and its industrial applications

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a paper that describes the development of an interactive simulation platform, which has eight parts: scanners; grid generators; models, methods, and solvers; visualization and post-processing; reservoir engineering tools; compute-aided design of simulation; upscaling and pseudo functions; and industrial applications. This platform is generic in nature and can be applied to develop improved methods and technology for enhanced oil recovery, assess groundwater contamination by hazardous wastes, control air quality, design semiconductor devices, and manufacture high-quality fiber-reinforced plastic composites for automotive and aerospace applications. This chapter describes each of these eight parts vis-a-vis the area of petroleum reservoir simulation. The platform includes software that scans and extracts various geometrical data such as the depth, thickness, porosity, and permeability of a petroleum reservoir and the location of wells, fractures, and faults.
Receiver-Based Friendly Jamming with Single-Antenna Full-Duplex Receivers in a Multiuser Broadcast Channel

This paper considers a broadcast channel with a multi-antenna transmitter (Alice) sending two independent confidential data streams to two legitimate users (Bob and Charlie) in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (Eve). To enhance their secrecy rates, Bob and Charlie are assumed to be capable of self-interference suppression (SIS). Alice, on the other hand, uses MIMO precoding to generate the two confidential information signals along with its own (Tx-based) friendly jamming. The interfering signals at Bob and Charlie are removed by employing the zero-forcing technique. This, however, leaves ``vulnerability regions'' around Bob and Charlie, which can be exploited by a nearby eavesdropper. We address this problem by augmenting Tx-based friendly jamming with Rx-based friendly jamming, generated by Bob and Charlie. For the resulting broadcast channel, a secrecy encoding scheme is developed to construct the signals intended to Bob and Charlie. The corresponding achievable secrecy sum-rate is characterized, and an optimization problem is formulated. A special case of this problem is investigated. Simulation results show the effectiveness of utilizing (Tx- and/or Rx-based) jamming, and the impact of the degree of SIS on physical-layer security.
Prevention and Control of Dental Erosion: Dietary Management

This chapter deals with dietary management to prevent the development of dental erosion in an individual. It discussed the advice that a dental practitioner or health professional should provide to the patient following the confirmation of dietary factors as the cause of the patient’s erosive tooth wear. Examples of patient assessment forms such as a Food Frequency form and a 3-day dietary recall form are provided. A method of analysis of food consumption was addressed. A case study is included along with recommendations for changing the dietary components to address the issues. Patient education material is provided to determine extrinsic sources of acids i.e., food, drink, and supplements. Diet counseling is given after a thorough assessment of the diet and is tailored to the individual, emphasizing the positive aspects. Acidic foods and drinks should be taken only at mealtimes. Finish the meal with something to neutralize acid, like cheese or milk. As salivary flow is almost nil at night, advise the patient to avoid acidic food and drink especially before going to bed. Advise that toothbrushing should be done either before a meal or be delayed at 60 min.
Lawless Capitalism and the Dangerous Rule of the Corporate Elite

The global financial market crisis of 2008 proved decisively that the Law and Economics movement that seized American economic policy over the past several decades is morally and macroeconomically bankrupt. According to law professor Steven Ramirez, twenty years of deteriorating capital markets regulation and the steady evisceration of the economic rule of law in the United States, as inspired by neoclassical Law and Economics, led directly to the most severe global economic crisis since the Great Depression. Professor Ramirez argues "[g]enerations of legal minds and policymakers have been inculcated in this dogma. Law and Economics served to imbue lawyers with misguided ideology parading as sound economic policy." This inculcation offered up the platform for elites, lawyers, and policymakers to erode the rule of law to the point that global financial markets nearly collapsed in the fall of 2008. Much has been written about the global financial meltdown of 2008. Economists, financial news reporters, politicians, task forces, and academics have all weighed in on the causes and failures exposed in the global meltdown. However, precious few books and surprisingly little legal attention have been paid to the incredible failures of the rule of law that precipitated the mortgage meltdown and global crisis. Into this vacuum steps Ramirez and his bold and relentless book "Lawless Capitalism: The Subprime Crisis and the Case for an Economic Rule of Law." In "Lawless Capitalism," Ramirez painstakingly records the breakdown of the rule of law dating back to the 1970s tracing the deregulatory trend in federal law and policy that led in great measure to the mortgage bubble, its bursting, and the reckless trading surrounding the housing market, all of which has led to the greatest financial crisis of our generation. "Lawless Capitalism" provides a fearless examination of the causes and symptoms of the financial market meltdown of 2008. Not content with simply exposing the ways that the rule of law failed in the decades precipitating the mortgage crisis, Professor Ramirez sets about prescribing an antidote to the sickness that gripped American economic policy in the decades leading up to the mortgage crisis, namely the elites’ manipulation of capital markets for profit. When corporate and political elites are allowed to remove regulation from the financial sector, in the name of efficiency and unfettered markets, the result is very clearly market disruption and capital corruption. Ramirez makes a compelling case that neoclassical law and economics is a failed economic theory and one that deserves a proper send off.
Chlorpyrifos, its oxygen analogue and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol: residues in the body tissue of turkeys confined in pens on treated soil.

Turkeys were confined in a pen on soil that was sprayed with chlorpyrifos wettable powder at 4 pounds active ingredient per acre (4.48 kg per hectare). A portion of the soil was treated again 28 days later with the same dosage. Residues in fat, skin, muscle, liver, and kidney were determined for chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, a likely metabolite; and in fat, skin, and muscle for the oxygen analogue (diethyl 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate). Maximum residues of chlorpyrifos (0.055 ppm in fat, 0.152 ppm in skin, and 0.005 ppm in kidney) were detected 7 days after the first application; no oxygen analogue was detected. Residues of O.003-0.16; ppm pyridinol were found in skin, liver, and kidney tissues of some turkeys at 7 days after both the 1st and the 2nd applications. No increase in the residues of either material above the levels found at 7 days after the first treatment resulted from the second treatment.
H ! Controller Synthesis versus Reliability-Based Design Optimization for Active Trussed Architectures

†Legacy robust controller synthesis is challenged with a simultaneous structuralcontroller, probabilistic design optimization approach. The premise is reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) techniques design more strategic solutions to actively compensate for uncertainty. This effort is intended to characterize how and when the penalty of foregoing this strategy with cantilevered linear truss networks is paid. These trusses are assumed to fail in local elastic-stability modes and have member straightness imperfections. Although neither methodology is generally superior, exploiting statistical knowledge of characterized plant imperfections tends to design probabilistically superior systems as strength performance demands are relaxed. Most predominantly, RBDO techniques are more likely to out-design deterministically bounded H ! controller synthesis as active truss networks are marginalized by greater imperfection uncertainty magnitude and/or lesser controller mass efficiency.
Highly Effective Birth Control Use Before and After Women's Incarceration

Abstract Background: We examined factors associated with women's use of highly effective birth control before and after incarceration, since women with ongoing criminal justice involvement bear a disproportionate burden of sexual and reproductive health problems, including high rates of unintended pregnancy and inconsistent contraceptive use. Methods: Using a longitudinal study design, we conducted surveys with 102 women in an urban midwestern jail and then followed up with 66 of them 6 months after incarceration. We used stepwise logistic regression to assess individual, interpersonal, resource-based, organizational, and environmental factors associated with utilizing highly effective birth control. Results: Forty-two percent of women reported utilizing highly effective birth control (e.g., sterilization or other highly effective reversible methods) prior to incarceration, and 54% reported using these methods after release from jail (p<0.001). Ninety percent of women reported not wanting to get pregnant....
The Genesis of Entrepreneurship

The study of entrepreneurship is still in its infancy. Kuhn (1962) points out that fields of knowledge evolve through paradigm competition and the search for better answers to new sets of inquiries...
Investigation Report of a Case of Imported Dengue Fever in Bao'an District of Shenzhen City

[Objective]To determine the distribution range and epidemic trend of dengue fever in Bao'an District.[Methods]Case definition was established,the connection between the cases was analyzed by descriptive epidemiology and evaluation was made on the distribution risk.[Results]There were two cases in this epidemic situation;they were both imported from Indonesia in the same tourist party;the investigation of the 91 families around one of the infected person's house showed that there were risks of dengue fever transmission(the Breteau index were 18.68 and 6.98 respectively before and after we took mosquitocide measures).[Conclusion]This epidemic disease is proved to be imported dengue fever.
Emerging foodborne pathogens: enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.

In 1982, a new pathogen caused an outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis in this country. This new pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7, was not a known enteropathogen prior to this time. Since 1982, this organism has become the most commonly isolated pathogen from patients with bloody stools. Health officials estimate that E. coli O157:H7 causes 20,000 cases of hemorrhagic colitis annually in the U.S. Approximately 5% of all hemorrhagic colitis patients experience serious sequelae involving hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and kidney failure, and about 250 patients die each year with E. coli O157:H7 hemorrhagic colitis and sequelae. Even as many clinical laboratories become more efficient at detecting E. coli O157:H7 using simple media, other strains of enterohemorrhagic E. coli are appearing as causes of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. These non-O157:H7 are more difficult to detect and identify, and present a challenge to clinical microbiologists.
Scabies: diagnosis and management.

The current scabies pandemic, which has lasted longer than the cyclic 15 years traditionally followed by a 15-year hiatus, has been attributed to a multitude of factors. For unknown reasons, the incidence in persons with purportedly good hygiene is increasing. Because scabies is reputedly a “great imitator,” differential considerations number in the dozens.
Differences in Selected Predictors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears Between Male and Female NCAA Division I Collegiate Basketball Players.

OBJECTIVE: To examine sex differences in strength, Q-angle, and pronation as predictors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. DESIGN AND SETTING: Height, weight, sum-of-seven skin-folds, quadriceps and hamstrings strength, Q-angle, and pronation were measured in each subject. SUBJECTS: Male (n = 23) and female (n = 25) NCAA Division in identical conditioning programs. MEASUREMENTS: Strength was measured at 180 degrees .s(-1) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Q-angle was assessed with the leg fully extended and flexed to 30 degrees . Pronation was determined with the navicular drop test. RESULTS: A 2 x 2 factorial analysis of variance indicated significant differences in the eccentric hamstrings-to-eccentric quadriceps strength ratio (female right = 46.11% +/- 2.83%, left = 52.73% +/- 3.74%; male right = 89.08% +/- 6.34%, left = 93.16% +/- 9.14% (P < .001)) and Q-angle measured in 30 degrees of flexion (female right = 13.37 degrees +/- 0.99 degrees , left 15.56 degrees +/- 1.34 degrees ; male right = 5.62 degrees +/- 0.75 degrees , left = 6.00 degrees +/- 0.86 degrees (P = .05)). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation indicate that, of the variables thought to contribute to ACL injuries, eccentric hamstrings strength relative to concentric quadriceps strength and Q-angle measured in 30 degrees of flexion appear to be significantly different in males and females.
The Political Power of Protest: A Continuum of Information

But if, even in America, with its universal creed of democracy and equality, there are great inequalities in the conditions of different citizens, must there not also be great inequalities in the capacities of different citizens to influence the decisions of their various governments? And if, because they are unequal in other conditions, citizens of a democracy are unequal in power to control their government, then who in fact does govern? – Robert Dahl Both tears and sweat are salty, but they render a different result. Tears will get you sympathy; sweat will get you change . – Jesse Jackson Within the space of a short journal article title, Michael Lipsky once summed up the potential of citizens’ non-electoral behavior – “protest as a political resource.” The phrase treats protest actions as a reliable political tool that groups can implement to establish a voice in the political arena. This political asset is even more desirable for marginalized groups that struggle to make inroads by other political means. For relatively powerless groups, protest actions can, to borrow Lipsky’s words, “increase their bargaining ability” in the political discourse. In this conception, protest actions are inherent to the political process. No institutionalized procedure exists, however, to translate the concerns voiced in political protest into governmental policies. In addition, protest actions lack an enforcing mechanism that mandates a response from governmental officials. Yet even in the absence of an institutional link, minority protest actions may resonate with politicians.
Realization of highly efficient hexagonal boron nitride neutron detectors

We report the achievement of highly efficient 10B enriched hexagonal boron nitride (h-10BN) direct conversion neutron detectors. These detectors were realized from freestanding 4-in. diameter h-10BN wafers 43 μm in thickness obtained from epitaxy growth and subsequent mechanical separation from sapphire substrates. Both sides of the film were subjected to ohmic contact deposition to form a simple vertical “photoconductor-type” detector. Transport measurements revealed excellent vertical transport properties including high electrical resistivity (>1013 Ω cm) and mobility-lifetime (μτ) products. A much larger μτ product for holes compared to that of electrons along the c-axis of h-BN was observed, implying that holes (electrons) behave like majority (minority) carriers in undoped h-BN. Exposure to thermal neutrons from a californium-252 (252Cf) source moderated by a high density polyethylene moderator reveals that 43 μm h-10BN detectors possess 51.4% detection efficiency at a bias voltage of 400 V, which is...
The Second Demographic Transition Theory: A Review and Appraisal

References to the second demographic transition (SDT) have increased dramatically in the past two decades. The SDT predicts unilinear change toward very low fertility and a diversity of union and family types. The primary driver of these changes is a powerful, inevitable, and irreversible shift in attitudes and norms in the direction of greater individual freedom and self-actualization. First, we describe the origin of this framework and its evolution over time. Second, we review the empirical fit of the framework to major changes in demographic and family behavior in the United States, the West, and beyond. As has been the case for other unilinear, developmental theories of demographic or family change, the SDT failed to predict many contemporary patterns of change and difference. Finally, we review previous critiques and identify fundamental weaknesses of this perspective, and we provide brief comparisons to selected alternative approaches.
Non-social features of smartphone use are most related to depression, anxiety and problematic smartphone use

Little is known about the mechanisms of smartphone features that are used in sealing relationships between psychopathology and problematic smartphone use. Our purpose was to investigate two specific smartphone usage types process use and social use for associations with depression and anxiety; and in accounting for relationships between anxiety/depression and problematic smartphone use. Social smartphone usage involves social feature engagement (e.g., social networking, messaging), while process usage involves non-social feature engagement (e.g., news consumption, entertainment, relaxation). 308 participants from Amazon's Mechanical Turk internet labor market answered questionnaires about their depression and anxiety symptoms, and problematic smartphone use along with process and social smartphone use dimensions. Statistically adjusting for age and sex, we discovered the association between anxiety symptoms was stronger with process versus social smartphone use. Depression symptom severity was negatively associated with greater social smartphone use. Process smartphone use was more strongly associated with problematic smartphone use. Finally, process smartphone use accounted for relationships between anxiety severity and problematic smartphone use. Anxiety was more related to process (or consumption-based) smartphone use than social smartphone use.Depression was inversely associated with problematic smartphone use.Process smartphone use was most associated with problematic smartphone use.Process smartphone use mediated relations between anxiety and problematic smartphone use.Clinical patients with depressive/anxious symptoms should schedule social-related activity, facilitated by smartphones.
Age can be a predictor for in-hospital mortality (IHM) and length of hospital stay (LOS) in lung cancer

A58 Introduction: Lung, colon and breast cancer account for 46% of all cancer related mortality in both sexes. Unlike lung cancer, patients diagnosed with breast and colon cancer ≤40 years old have poor prognosis compared to their counter parts diagnosed at ≥ 40. Limited data are available on the predictors of in-hospital mortality (IHM) and length of hospital stay (LOS) with respect to the primary diagnosis of these cancers. Among advanced cancer diseases, patients with lung cancer underwent in-patient hospital treatment most frequently (3.3 times), and for the longest periods (35 days). We evaluated to see if age >45 is a predictor for IHM and LOS in the primary diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods: Details about the in-hospital statistics including the admission and discharge statistics was obtained from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUPnet) for the period 1997-2003. These data were broken down by age ≤ 44 and >45; and by anatomic location. Chi- square analysis was performed to compare the IHM and T-test was used to compare the LOS. Values are expressed as X ± SE or odds ratio (95%CI). Results: There were 731,373 admissions with a primary diagnosis of lung cancer in both sexes. Age >45 had higher IHM [17.2%] than those ≤ 44 years old [16.1%]. Odds ratio is 1.079 (1.042-1.118). Patient’s aged >45 also had higher IHM rate than those ≤ 44 years old in malignant neoplasms of upper lobe OR: 1.23 (1.14-1.32); bronchus with lung necrosis OR: 1.18 (1.10-1.28) and lung and bronchus, not otherwise specified OR: 1.11 (1.05-1.17)(P 45 years old [t=2.316; df=1.07x106; P=0.021]. Conclusion: Patient’s aged >45 had higher in-hospital mortality in malignant neoplasms of upper lobe, bronchus with lung necrosis and lung and bronchus, not otherwise specified compared to ≤ 44 years old. Length of hospital stay was shorter for ≤ 44 years old in malignant neoplasms of the lung for all anatomical locations.
Defect-free PIM-1 hollow fiber membranes

Abstract A modified dual-bath method of spinning was employed to fabricate defect-free, integrally skinned, asymmetric PIM-1 hollow fiber membranes utilizing an immiscible liquid protective layer. Spinning techniques capable of addressing specific challenges presented by PIM-1 solutions are discussed. In particular, dual-bath spinning via a triple orifice spinneret circumvents the primary issue associated with spinning PIM-1, namely the lack of suitable nonvolatile solvents. The water-immiscible sheath layer coextruded with the PIM-1 polymer solution reduces evaporation of the volatile solvent (tetrahydrofuran) relative to fibers directly exposed to air, thus producing an asymmetric hollow fiber membrane structure. The work here describes the process of developing spin dopes, fabricating hollow fibers, and testing the resulting membrane modules. Ideal selectivity between various gas pairs was used to assess the quality of the membranes. Pure component permeances, selectivities, and activation energies of permeation were measured for helium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, and ethylene at 25, 35, and 45 °C. The observed selectivities are in good agreement with previously reported PIM-1 flat sheet membrane analogs, and in fact slightly higher. Defect-free fibers with skin thicknesses from 3 to 6 µm were observed with a relatively high CO2 permeance of 360 GPUs and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 23.
Xylanase 30 A from Clostridium thermocellum functions as a glucuronoxylan xylanohydrolase

Endoxylanases classified into glycoside hydrolase family 30 subfamily 8 (GH30-8) have been shown to hydrolyze glucuronoxylan with dependence upon the glucuronic acid (GlcA) appendage. In a recent report, the GH30-8 xylanase from Clostridium thermocellum (CtXyn30A) was shown to hydrolyze arabinoxylan which contains no GlcA. Protein structure comparison with the originally characterized GH30-8 enzymes from Bacillus subtilis and Erwinia chrysanthemi provided no insight to hypothesize why the function of CtXyn30A is unique. In this report, we show that CtXyn30A is a GlcA dependent endoxylanase with no significant activity on arabinoxylans, an anticipated result given the amino acid conservation within the substrate binding cleft.
Characterization of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, and Paenibacillus polymyxa isolated from a Pinot noir wine from Western Washington State

This report provides the first confirmed evidence of Bacillus-like bacteria present in a wine from Washington State. These bacteria were isolated from a 2013 Pinot noir wine whose aroma was sensorially described as being ‘dirty’ or ‘pond scum.’ Based on physiological traits and genetic sequencing, three bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus megaterium (strain NHO-1), Bacillus pumilus (strain NHO-2), and Paenibacillus polymyxa (strain NHO-3). These bacteria grew in synthetic media of low pH (pH 3.5) while some survived ethanol concentrations up to 15% v/v. However, none tolerated molecular SO2 concentrations ≥0.4 mg/l. Growth of strains NHO-1 and NHO-3 in a Merlot grape juice resulted in increases of titratable and volatile acidities while decreases in titratable acidity were noted for NHO-2.
A study on behavioral backward incompatibility bugs in Java software libraries: poster

Nowadays, due to the frequent technological innovation and market changes, software libraries are evolving very quickly. To make sure that existing client software applications are not broken after a library update, backward compatibility has always been one of the most important requirements during the evolution of software platforms and libraries. However, due to various reasons, backward compatibility is seldom fully achieved in practice, and many relevant software failures are reported. Therefore, it is important to understand the status, major reasons, and impact of backward incompatibilities in real world software. Previous studies on this topic mainly focus on API signature changes between consecutive versions of software libraries, but behavioral changes of APIs with untouched signatures are actually more dangerous and are causing most real-world bugs because they cannot be easily detected. This paper presents an empirical study on 126 real-world software bug reports on backward incompatibilities of software libraries. We find that 67% of fixed client bugs caused by backward incompatibilities in software libraries are fixed by client developers, through several simple change patterns made to the backward incompatible API invocations.
Caught in a net: Retention efficiency of microplankton ≥10 and< 50 μm collected on mesh netting

Abstract Living organisms ≥ 10 μm and 93%), but RE ranged from 66 to 98% when mixed assemblages of ambient organisms were evaluated. Although PCTE membrane filters had the highest RE (98%), it was not significantly higher than the efficiencies of the 7-μm polyester, Double 7-μm polyester, and Dual 35-μm and 7-μm polyester approaches, but it was significantly higher than the 5-μm nylon and 5-μm stainless steel techniques. This result suggests that PCTE membrane filters perform comparably to 7-μm polyester meshes, so that any of these approaches could be used for concentrating organisms. However, the potential for handling loss is inherently lower for one rinsing step rather than two. Therefore, it is recommended that, either PCTE filters or 7-μm polyester mesh could be used to concentrate organisms ≥ 10 μm and
Collaborative interprofessional practice to prevent college student suicide

Abstract College-aged individuals have a higher risk of suicide compared to those in other age groups. Young adults aged 18 to 25 are more likely than older adults to have serious thoughts of suicide, make suicide plans, or attempt suicide. 1 Additionally, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States for college students aged 25 to 34 and the third leading cause for those aged 15 to 24. 2 While suicide is considered a preventable event, research suggests that students are unwilling to seek help because of the perceived stigma of doing so. At-risk college students can benefit from the collaboration of interprofessionals colleagues (nurses, physicians, social workers, psychologists, professors, counselors, and other healthcare professionals) who use a team-based approach and the SBAR communication method to identify their suicide risk factors and warning signs, provide a thorough assessment, make appropriate referrals, and provide evidence-based interventions and treatment.
Short-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Greater Curvature Plication and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients with a Body Mass Index of 30 to 35 kg/m2

PURPOSE The aim of this study was the compare the midterm outcomes of laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 to 35 kg/m². MATERIALS AND METHODS This single center, retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted for obese patients that underwent LGCP or LSG from March 2013 to February 2016. These two patient groups were compared in terms of demographics, perioperative outcomes, weight loss [percent excess weight loss (%EWL)], comorbidity resolution, and immediate and long-term complications. RESULTS A total of 149 patients were eligible for the study. Seventy-five patients underwent LGCP (group A) and 74 LSG (group B). These two groups were matched for age, gender, and baseline BMI. Three patients in each group were readmitted for complications within 30 days postoperatively. %EWL in groups A and B were 51.1±16.9 and 47.8±20.8 at 3 months (p=0.084), 71.1±20.2 and 74.5±21.8 at 6 months (p=0.165), 77.1±18.4 and 87.8±25.1 at 12 months (p=0.002), 70.5±18.5 and 83.4±28.7 at 24 months (p=0.005), and 67.3±15.3 and 78.6±31.7 at 36 months (p=0.054), respectively. Intergroup differences in resolution rates of metabolic comorbidities between the two groups were not significant. CONCLUSION Although mean weight loss after LGCP was inferior to that after LSG, especially after six months postoperatively, it was acceptable, and LGCP had an excellent metabolic comorbidity resolution rate in patients with BMIs, ranging from 30 to 35 kg/m².
Tall towers, long blades and manifest destiny: The migration of land-based wind from the Great Plains to the thirteen colonies

Abstract Until recently, it was not economically feasible to install wind turbines in many locations, including in large portions of the states that border the Atlantic Ocean in the United States, due to the low wind speeds. Newer designs allow turbines to be deployed at higher hub heights (>100 m) where wind speeds are greater, and come with longer blades, allowing them to produce significantly more energy at lower wind speeds. We undertake a case study, using rural Sussex County, Delaware, US, to study their economic feasibility. We take an interdisciplinary approach, move beyond theory and general models, and consider micro-scale wind resources (the primary driver of revenue); local site geology, which influences project feasibility and foundation cost; local transmission constraints and expenses related to transmission and connection to the existing electrical grid; local values attributable to the environmental attributes of wind power; operation and maintenance costs (including insurance and replacement parts); land use and zoning considerations, including setbacks from roads, structures and airports; taxes; and rents/royalties. We find the base case levelized cost of energy (LCOE) to be ∼$70/MWh (before accounting for the federal production tax credit) based on a 25 year-life of a wind turbine. Sensitivity analyses are undertaken around project life, project finance, the discount rate, and wind speed.
Minimal S U (3 )×S U (3 ) symmetry breaking patterns

We study the vacua of an $SU(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(3)$-symmetric model with a bifundamental scalar. Structures of this type appear in various gauge theories such as the renormalizable coloron model, which is an extension of QCD, or the trinification extension of the electroweak group. In other contexts, such as chiral or family symmetry, $SU(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(3)$ is a global symmetry. As opposed to more general $SU(N)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(N)$-symmetric models, the $N=3$ case is special due to the presence of a trilinear scalar term in the potential. We find that the most general tree-level potential has only three types of minima: one that preserves the diagonal $SU(3)$ subgroup, one that is $SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1)$ symmetric, and a trivial one where the full symmetry remains unbroken. The phase diagram is complicated, with some regions where there is a unique minimum, and other regions where two minima coexist.
Trends and variations in postmastectomy radiation therapy for breast cancer in patients with 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes: A National Cancer Data Base analysis.

BACKGROUND High-level evidence is lacking to guide treatment decisions about postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in patients who have breast cancer with 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes who receive contemporary systemic therapies, leading to potential variations in PMRT delivery. The objective of this study was to examine nationwide trends in PMRT use in this group. METHODS The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) was used to identify 93,372 women who had T1-T2N1 breast cancer diagnosed between 2003 and 2012. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy (RT) and those who had bilateral breast cancers were excluded. Time trends were evaluated using the Cochrane-Armitage test and correlated the receipt of PMRT with various patient demographic, facility, clinicopathologic, and treatment variables using multivariable logistic regression. A second analysis was performed for patients who were diagnosed during 2010 and included radiation oncologist density as an additional covariate. P values < .0001 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Overall, 22.5% of the study population received PMRT, representing an increase from 19.1% in 2003 to 30.3% in 2012. Factors associated with greater PMRT use included younger age, lower Charlson-Deyo comorbidity scores, shorter distance to the treating facility, treatment at a comprehensive cancer program, facility location in the New England Census division, and higher density of radiation oncologists. Increased PMRT use was associated with later year of diagnosis, receipt of chemotherapy, receipt of hormone therapy, higher grade disease, larger tumor size, greater numbers of positive lymph nodes, positive margins, and absence of immediate breast reconstruction (all P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The receipt of PMRT by patients with breast cancer who have 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes has increased over time, with wide variability in practice patterns in the United States. Cancer 2018;124:482-90. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Chebyshev Polynomials Associated with a System of Continua

We establish estimates from above for the uniform norm of the Chebyshev polynomials associated with a system of continua \(K \subset \mathbb {C}\) by constructing monic polynomials with small norms on K. The estimates are exact (up to a constant factor) in the case where K has a piecewise quasiconformal boundary and its complement \(\varOmega =\overline {\mathbb {C}} \setminus K\) has no outward pointing cusps.
An example of Android's foreground service pattern

In this paper, we discuss the implementation of a basic Music-Player app designed for the Android platform. The project's learning goal is to facilitate, through a non-trivial case, the understanding of three new classes used in the development of multi-threaded solutions. The targeted classes are called Foreground Services, Notifications, and BroadcastReceivers. We believe that this 'real-life' project provides the instructor with an opportunity to introduce the Foreground Service pattern. The project seems to resonate well with the student's experience using similar apps on their smartphones.
Two Sides of the NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis Spectrum: the Tip of the Iceberg? (P5.381)

Objective: To present four case reports of NMDA receptor autoimmune encephalitis, including two very unusual presentations. Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is receiving increasing recognition, however the clinic picture can vary greatly. Design/Methods: We report four cases of patients diagnosed with NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis from 2015 to 2017 at Rhode Island Hospital. Results: Two young female patients presented with the classic syndrome of subacute onset abnormal behavior, irritability, insomnia, memory loss with subsequent speech dysfunction, oro-facial dyskinesias, and dysautonomia. These patients were treated with standard immune therapy with excellent outcomes. An 18 year-old man also presented with insomnia, hallucinations, and rapidly progressive encephalopathy requiring intubation. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) studies showed lymphocytic pleocytosis and NMDAR-positive IgG antibodies. Notably, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) two weeks after symptom onset showed cortical diffusion restriction and T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity of the right temporal lobe, right insula and bilateral pulvinar thalamus. Despite being treated with IVIG/steroids and rituximab, he developed parenchymal volume loss, gliosis, and cortical laminar necrosis resulting in severe disability. The fourth and most striking case was a 27 year-old woman with two and a half years of psychiatric symptoms (catatonia, aggression, suicidal ideation) and normal MRI, EEG, and CSF except for positive NMDAR IgG antibodies. This patient was treated with IVIG, steroids and rituximab resulting in major improvement of psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions: Severe NMDAR encephalitis with marked brain atrophy may result in poor outcomes despite standard therapy. Early initiation of second line therapy such as rituximab can be considered in these patients. We propose to widen the criteria for NMDAR screening in patients with atypical, severe, and refractory psychiatric symptoms with otherwise unremarkable MRI, EEG and CSF. Disclosure: Dr. Montalvo Perero has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reynolds has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cahill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thompson has nothing to disclose.