cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is it time for the next generation resistivity inversion programs

The program RES2DINV and its variants have been widely used and have become the standard for electrical resistivity inversion software for nearly a whole generation of geophysicists, geologists, engineers and environmental technicians. It has been an extremely useful package, and for many geological environments it produces satisfactory depth results. However, there are many geological situations where the depth scale of the inverted (interpreted) section is quite exaggerated, giving the casual user the mistaken impression that detection depths are always a simple linear function of electrode spacing. This paper reviews the theory and points out some cases in which the depth of exploration is really much less than that implied by the vertical scale. It must be emphasized that the vertical scale of the output of this inversion program is always pseudo-depth, which does not equate to true depth in all situations. Suggestions are made for improving this shortcoming by compressing the model mesh upward by a factor proportional to the cumulative longitudinal conductance (S).
Comparative Study of Cl-Atom Reactions in Solution Using Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy

A Cl atom can react with 2,3-dimethylbutane (DMB), 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (DMBE), and 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene (DMHD) in solution via a hydrogen-abstraction reaction. The large exoergicity of the reaction between a Cl atom and alkenes (DMBE and DMHD) makes vibrational excitation of the HCl product possible, and we observe the formation of vibrationally excited HCl (v = 1) for both reactions. In CCl4, the branching fractions of HCl (v = 1), Γ (v = 1), for the Cl-atom reactions with DMBE and DMHD are 0.14 and 0.23, respectively, reflecting an increased amount of vibrational excitation in the products of the more exoergic reaction. In addition, Γ (v = 1) for both reactions is larger in the solvent CDCl3, being 0.23 and 0.40, as the less viscous solvent apparently dampens the vibrational excitation of the nascent HCl less effectively. The bimolecular reaction rates for the Cl reactions with DMB, DMBE, and DMHD in CCl4 are diffusion limited (having rate constants of 1.5 × 1010, 3.6 × 1010, and 17.5 × 1010 M–1...
Morphology and Texture of Turkey Summer Sausages

Abstract Several turkey summer sausage formulations with different proportions of mechanically deboned turkey meat (MDTM), hand deboned turkey meat (HDTM), texturized MDTM (heat denatured strands), beef fat, and structured soy protein fiber were made. The morphology was studied microscopically and related to the firmness of the product. Higher shear force values in sausages containing hand deboned meats coincided with a higher proportion of intact structural components mainly contributed by muscle fibers. The use of 100% MDTM in summer sausages resulted in a very soft and almost unacceptable product. By incorporating 65% HDTM and other ingredients with 35% MDTM, the texture was improved and judged acceptable by a taste panel.
The Virtual Refraction: A Case Study At the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site

We use seismic refraction interferometry to determine the relative depth to water table in a near surface seismic survey. By summing crosscorrelations of wavefields at two receivers from multiple sources we create a virtual shot record. The virtual shot record shows a refraction event that intercepts zero offset at zero time. We term this the virtual refraction, which has the velocity of the second layer. The virtual shot record allows for easier interpretation by suppressing uncorrelated noise, and easier picking of the refraction. Using the virtual shot record with the correlation gather and real shot record we can determine the velocity of the first layer and depth to the refractor. We show that the spurious refractor is present in field data and can be used to extract subsurface properties such as interface depth and seismic velocities.
Sun Protection: Current Management Strategies Addressing UV Exposure

The use of sunscreen is essential for protection against photoaging and skin cancer. There is no global consensus on rating systems for sunscreens but it is essential to understand what makes a product broad-spectrum. In addition, physicians should have a general understanding that high-quality successful sunscreens should not only provide broad-spectrum ultraviolet A/B protection but should also be formulated so that they are easy to apply, are water resistant, and are photostable in order to increase user compliance.
Ideas of the Construction of the Culture of Disease Control and Prevention in Underdeveloped Areas and the Marketing Strategies

The paper analyzes the history of the construction of China's disease control and prevention system,its meaning, implications,studying the shortages and problems in the construction of the culture of disease control and prevention in underdeveloped areas,and puts forward the ideas and marketing strategies about how to improve the culture of disease control and prevention in underdeveloped areas.
Effects of processing variables on the Y 2 BaCuO 5 size and magnetic properties of melt-processed YBa 2 Cu 3 O x

Samples of YBa2Cu3Ox (123) with excess Y2BaCuO5 (211) in the molar ratio of 5:1 ( 123/211) were processed using the “solid liquid melt growth” (SLMG) technique. The effect of hold time above the peritectic on the magnetic properties was examined. Extended hold times above the peritectic during processing degrade the magnetic properties of SLMG processed 123. In SLMG 123, the very fine (>100 nm) 211 particles produced by this processing route are the primarymagnetic flux pinners. Extended hold periods reduce the number and/or coarsen the average size of these fine precipitates, resulting in a reduced magnetization. These results were compared to undoped Y123 processed by the more traditional melt texture growth (MTG). In MTG processing, extended hold times above the peritectic are found to result in improved magnetic behavior because of increased defect densities.
The Role of Interfacial Reactions in Determining Plasma–Liquid Chemistry

In this work, we investigate the production of highly oxidative species in solutions exposed to a self-pulsed corona discharge in air. We examine how the properties of the target solution (pH, conductivity) and the discharge power affect the discharge stability and the production of H2O2. Indigo carmine, a common organic dye, is used as an indicator of oxidative strength and in particular, hydroxyl radical (OH·) production. The observed rate of indigo oxidation in contact with the discharge far exceeds that predicted from reactions based on concentrations of species measured in the bulk solution. The generation of H2O2 and the oxidation of indigo carmine indicate a high concentration of highly oxidizing species such as OH· at the plasma–liquid interface. These results indicate that reactions at the air plasma–liquid interface play a dominant role in species oxidation during direct non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.
Behavioral Aspects of Captive Birds of Prey

This article describes concepts of raptor behavior in captive birds of prey with inferences from the behavior of their wild counterparts that will assist the veterinarian in understanding the causes of managing abnormal behaviors.
Microcellular polymeric foams (MPFs) generated continuously in supercritical carbon dioxide

Microcellular polymeric foams (MPFs) hold tremendous promise for engineering applications as substitutes to their solid analogs in light of reduced manufacturing/materials costs and improved properties. We present a two-part study addressing the generation of such materials in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The first part describes the production of polystyrene MPFs in a continuous extrusion process, as well as the effect of operating conditions such as temperature and CO2 concentration on foam morphology. The second part discusses microcellular foaming of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), a semicrystalline polymer, via blending with the amorphous polymer poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA. Foams of pure PVDF possess ill-defined morphologies, whereas those of PVDF-PMMA blends show an improvement with cell sizes on the order of 10 μm or less and cell densities in excess of 109 cells/cm3.
A Kernel Method for Real-Time Respiratory Tumor Motion Estimation Using External Surrogates

Respiratory tumor motion is a major challenge in radiation therapy. Real-time tumor tracking aims to dynamically target the tumor with the radiation beam, allowing a reduction in the volume of healthy tissue exposed to a high dose. Fluoroscopic tracking with implanted fiducial markers is not widely accepted due to its invasiveness and, to a lesser extent, additional imaging dose. Using external respiratory surrogates is an attractive approach to localizing tumors affected by respiratory motion. In this paper, we present a kernel regression approach to the respiratory tumor motion problem. Due to the local nature of the kernel functions, it is inherently robust to outliers in the training data. In addition, both training and adapting to new data is highly efficient and almost free under the kernel regression model. We evaluated the method on respiratory motion data from six patients (three lung and three pancreas patients). It was found that the average 3D error is
The Sooner the Better: Rapid Transduction Enhances the Engraftment/Selection of Gene Corrected Fanconi Anemia HSC.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is amenable to genetic correction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, as demonstrated in previous clinical gene therapy trials, successful extension of murine studies into human therapies is limited by low numbers of target HSC and poor engraftment of transduced FA HSC (Kelly et al., Mol Ther, 2007). To examine the potential biological consequences/benefits of shortened transduction we used a FA mouse model in which HSC are deficient and prone to excessive loss during in vitro manipulation. We applied a rapid transduction protocol (Mostoslavsky et al., Mol Ther, 2005) utilizing lentiviral vectors and demonstrate that this shortened transduction preserves engraftment of FA HSC to the level of C57BL/6 wt cells. Lin − Sca-1 + c-Kit + bone marrow cells were isolated from Fanca −/− CD45.2 mice and underwent 4-hr rapid (RT) vs. 96-hr conventional (CT) transduction. An equivalent number of transduced cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated CD45.1 BoyJ mice. Analysis of engraftment chimerism three months post transplantation revealed a significantly higher level of engraftment in animals receiving RT vs. CT cells (90% +/− 14% vs. 26% +/− 31%, respectively, p= 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT P140K ) confers a selective advantage to tranduced HSC treated with alkylating drugs. Following RT with a MGMT P140K / eGFP expressing lentivirus, 5/6 mice treated with 6-BG and the alkylating drug temozolomide showed a significant rise in the percentage of GFP reporter gene expression in peripheral blood. We extended this approach to the FA model by generating a tri-cistronic lentiviral vector expressing the FANCA cDNA, MGMT P140K , and eGFP. Despite modest in vivo gene marking with this vector, up to 37-fold selection (85% GFP-positive cells) was achieved following exposure of bone marrow of transplant recipients to 6-BG and the alkylating drug temozolomide in vitro . Concurrently, phenotypic correction of mitomycin C hypersensitivity of transduced Fanca −/− bone marrow cells was observed. These data suggest that RT improves stem cell engrafting capacity of FA stem cells in a relevant animal model of stem cell gene therapy. The combination of RT and in vivo selection may allow more successful reconstitution of the lympho-hematopoietic system in gene therapy applications.
Toward Understanding the Influence of Curriculum Resources on Students’ Mathematics Learning: Cross-National Perspectives on What Matters Where, When, and for Whom

Over several decades, international surveys of students’ mathematics achievement, such as TIMSS and PISA, have reported the generally superior performance of students in East Asian locales. Each of the chapters in this section of the book makes a contribution to the growing evidence base regarding mathematics education in East Asia. They do this either by examining selected aspects of mathematics curriculum in East Asian locales or by investigating characteristics of students and teachers in these countries that interact with curriculum as it is implemented in classrooms. Collectively they add nuance to our understanding of the superior performance of East Asian students on international assessments even as they challenge us to resist overly simplistic characterizations and overgeneralized attributions that may not apply in all East Asian settings.
High glucose increases action potential firing of catecholamine neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract by increasing spontaneous glutamate inputs.

Glucose is a crucial substrate essential for cell survival and function. Changes in glucose levels impact neuronal activity and glucose deprivation increases feeding. Several brain regions have bee...
Giant Enhancement of Exchange Coupling in Entropy-Stabilized Oxide Heterostructures

Entropy-stabilized materials are stabilized by the configurational entropy of the constituents, rather than the enthalpy of formation of the compound. A unique benefit to entropy-stabilized materials is the increased solubility of elements, which opens a broad compositional space, with subsequent local chemical and structural disorder resulting from different atomic sizes and preferred coordinations of the constituents. Known entropy-stabilized oxides contain magnetically interesting constituents, however, the magnetic properties of the multi-component oxide have yet to be investigated. Here we examine the role of disorder and composition on the exchange anisotropy of permalloy/(Mg0.25(1-x)CoxNi0.25(1-x)Cu0.25(1-x)Zn0.25(1-x))O heterostructures. Anisotropic magnetic exchange and the presence of a critical blocking temperature indicates that the magnetic order of the entropy-stabilized oxides considered here is antiferromagnetic. Changing the composition of the oxide tunes the disorder, exchange field and magnetic anisotropy. Here, we exploit this tunability to enhance the strength of the exchange field by a factor of 10x at low temperatures, when compared to a permalloy/CoO heterostructure. Significant deviations from the rule of mixtures are observed in the structural and magnetic parameters, indicating that the crystal is dominated by configurational entropy. Our results reveal that the unique characteristics of entropy-stabilized materials can be utilized and tailored to engineer magnetic functional phenomena in oxide thin films.
The risk of fetal anomalies as a result of progesterone therapy during pregnancy

The incidence of congenital anomalies in infants born to 382 women treated with P was noted. Only five anomalies occurred in the infants born to women who had taken P. This study supports the data of Rock et al. by demonstrating a similar low incidence of birth defects in a much larger series of patients who also took a much higher dosage of P. Similarly, because only 1 of 189 patients treated with both P and 17-OHP developed anomalies, the data supports the study by Katz et al., suggesting no increase in anomalies related to 17-OHP therapy.
Model-driven time-accurate DEVS-based approaches for CPS design

Performance analysis and verification of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is of utmost importance due to the cruciality of the decision making in such systems. Therefore, modeling can be beneficial especially for issues related to the tight coupling between computational and physical parts. In this work, we utilize the extensive research on the simulation and model-checking for designing computational-physical interactions in the context of CPS. We also propose an action-level model-driven activity modeling approach based on DEVS. We employ time intervals (TIs) to govern communication between computational and physical components at the level of actions. We extend the activities metamodel to instantiate activities suitable for time-critical cyber-physical systems. We create a DEVS-Suite generic library to simulate these models conforming to the parallel DEVS formalism. We demonstrate with a traffic vehicle intersection model and discuss some verification capabilities.
Accessing the elite figured world of science

This review explores Jackson and Seiler’s “I am smart enough to study postsecondary science: A critical discourse analysis of latecomers’ identity construction in an online forum” by considering the analytic framework for figured worlds guiding this study. We consider the specific affordances of cultural production theory for examining how sociohistorical and cultural discourses of science as elite impact individuals at every level of education. We then extend this discussion by exploring how an informal learning space at a prestigious science museum was designed to explicitly tackle cultural discourses of science as elite that act as barriers to identification with science.
Computationally efficient motion estimation algorithms for video coding

Local and global motions in a video sequence are often modeled by parametric transformations of two-dimensional images. The process of estimating the motion parameters is called motion estimation. In many practical applications, computationally efficient motion estimation algorithms are highly desirable since motion estimation tends to incur a high computational cost. This dissertation investigated computationally efficient methods for both local and global motion estimation. In particular, fast algorithms were proposed for global motion estimation based on a subset of pixels selected using several subsampling patterns. Not only analysis of the computational complexities of the proposed algorithms was provided, but simulations were also conducted to demonstrate their capability of achieving substantial speedups over several conventional fast global motion estimation methods, without significant loss in the estimation accuracy. Moreover, a new method that enables both fast and accurate global motion estimation was introduced, by combining pixel subsampling with outlier rejection. The proposed fast global motion estimation algorithms based on pixel subsampling were also tested in an MPEG-4 video codec to demonstrate their suitability for real-time video coding applications.
Cell Cycle Regulation in Brain Construction

Exquisite regulation of cell proliferation rates and spatio-temporal dynamics of the cell cycle have profound effects on shaping the embryo. This is particularly important for shaping the central nervous system. It may not be surprising that the extraordinary complexity of the mammalian brain has arisen in part due to some special adaptations of progenitor proliferation that contribute to the remarkable diversity of cell type and regional patterning of brain. This chapter presents aspects of the current understanding of neural progenitor proliferation, its regulation, and its contributions to brain construction during embryogenesis.
Sub-picosecond Interfacial Electron Injection in Dye Sensitized Titanium Dioxide Films

Sub-picosecond infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the 5 μm region was employed to study the properties of Ru(4,4′-(COOH)2-2,2′-bipyridine)2(NCS)2,1, and Ru(5,5′- (COOH)2-2,2′-bipyridme)2(NCS)2,2, anchored to nanostructured thin films of TiO2 and ZrO2. For these molecules attached to TiO2 semiconductor films, a transient absorbance appears which is attributed to electrons injected into the TiO2 semiconductor. This absorbance appears within the instrumental time resolution yielding an approximate 350 fs upper limit time constant for electron transfer from the sensitizer excited state to TiO2. This implies that sensitizers with lifetimes as short as a few picoseconds can effectively transfer electrons to TiO2 with high quantum yield.
CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE | Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide plays a significant role in the Earth's life cycle and in controlling the global climate. It is a greenhouse gas that makes life on Earth possible, but mankind is currently in the process of altering the global carbon cycle through land use practices and burning of fossil fuels. This article looks at the history of atmospheric CO 2 from the geological past, through the industrial era, and considers possible changes in the future. It looks at the relevant controls on atmospheric CO 2 in the atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere, and in the ocean on timescales of years to centuries.
Soviet Studies: Economics

The study of Soviet-type economies after World War II has been motivated by strategic, scholarly, and pragmatic factors. The emphasis has been the preparation and analysis of meaningful data, facilitating an understanding of how and how well the command economy functioned. Through the end of the Soviet era, both the depth and the breadth of economic analysis increased, generating a commanding body of scholarship dedicated to understanding a unique economic system.
Analyzing Public Open Source Policy: The Case Study of Venezuela

This research examines public open source software (OSS) adoption policies using a framework built upon the analysis of information and communication technology (ICT) policies. The legislative and objective framework is used to picture the formal public OSS policies applied in Venezuela. Preliminary results indicate negligence for the inclusion of the private sector in the migration plan. Future research looks for an analysis in situ of the activities carried out in the country, and the validation of the framework.
A Unified Approach to Modeling High-Frequency Effects in Current Mode Controlled Pulse Width Modulated Switching Converters

This paper presents a unified and general approach to modeling high-frequency dynamics of peak-current mode (PCM) and average current mode (ACM) controlled pulse width modulated switching converters. A discrete-time model is developed that takes into account sampling and small-signal gain associated with pulse-width modulation. Furthermore, a unified view of PCM and ACM is presented, a general underlying structure is identified, and it is shown that the unified modeling approach can accurately predict high-frequency dynamics of both control strategies. The modeling results, including a general stability condition that applies to both PCM and ACM cases, are verified by simulations.
Integration complexity and the order of cosisters.

The cost of integrating dependent constituents to their heads is thought to involve the distance between dependent and head and the complexity of the integration (Gibson, 1998). The former has been convincingly addressed by Dependency Distance Minimization (DDM) (cf. Liu et al., 2017). The current study addresses the latter by proposing a novel theory of integration complexity derived from the entropy of the probability distribution of a dependent’s heads. An analysis of Universal Dependency corpora provides empirical evidence regarding the preferred order of isomorphic cosisters—sister constituents of the same syntactic form on the same side of their head—such as the adjectives in pretty blue fish. Integration complexity, alongside DDM, allows for a general theory of constituent order based on integration cost.
The effects of elliptical ultrasonic vibration in surface machining of CFRP composites using rotary ultrasonic machining

Compared with conventional surface grinding (CSG) process, surface machining of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites using rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) with vertical ultrasonic vibration generates smaller cutting forces because of improved machining performance and more damages to the machined CFRP surface due to the intermittent knocking induced by vertical ultrasonic vibration. It is reported that surface quality can be improved when the ultrasonic vibration is parallel to the feeding direction. In addition, elliptical ultrasonic vibration can be formed by the combination of horizontal and vertical ultrasonic vibrations. However, the effects of elliptical ultrasonic vibration in RUM surface machining of CFRPs are still unknown. This paper will study the influences of elliptical ultrasonic vibration on the machining performance and machined surface quality in RUM surface machining of CFRPs. The comparisons of output variables (including cutting forces, surface roughness, and machined surface topography) between RUM surface machining with elliptical ultrasonic vibration and the CSG process as well as RUM surface machining with vertical ultrasonic vibration will be conducted under different levels of input variables (including depth of cut, feedrate, and tool rotation speed). The abrasive-grain trajectory and the tool-workpiece contacting modes in these three machining processes are analyzed. It is found that RUM surface machining with elliptical ultrasonic vibration produced smallest feeding-direction cutting force, smallest vertical-direction cutting force, best morphology of machined surface, and smallest surface roughness among these three kinds of machining processes.
The Cost and Benefits of Static Analysis During Development

Without quantitative data, deciding whether and how to use static analysis in a development workflow is a matter of expert opinion and guesswork rather than an engineering trade-off. Moreover, relevant data collected under real-world conditions is scarce. Important but unknown quantitative parameters include, but are not limited to, the effort to apply the techniques, the effectiveness of removing defects, where in the workflow the analysis should be applied, and how static analysis interacts with other quality techniques. This study examined the detailed development process data 35 industrial development projects that included static analysis and that were also instrumented with the Team Software Process. We collected data project plans, logs of effort, defect, and size and post mortem reports and analyzed performance of their development activities to populate a parameterized performance model. We compared effort and defect levels with and without static analysis using a planning model that includes feedback for defect removal effectiveness and fix effort. We found evidence that using each tool developers found and removed defects at a higher rate than alternative removal techniques. Moreover, the early and inexpensive removal reduced not only final defect density but also total development effort. The contributions of this paper include real-world benchmarks of process data from projects using static analysis tools, a demonstration of a cost-effectiveness analysis using this data, and a recommendation these tools were consistently cost effective operationally.
Transitioning from Gamma Rays to X Rays for Comparable Biomedical Research Irradiations: Energy Matters

Many studies in biomedical research and various allied fields, in which cells or laboratory animals are exposed to radiation, rely on adequate radiation dose standardization for reproducibility and comparability of biological data. Due to increasing concerns regarding international terrorism, the use of radioactive isotopes has recently been met with enhanced security measures. Thus, a growing number of researchers have considered transferring their studies from gamma-ray to kilovoltage X-ray irradiators. Current commercially-available X-ray biological irradiators produce radiation beams with reasonable field geometry and overall dose-homogeneity; however, they operate over a wide range of different energies, both between different models and for a specific unit as well. As a result, the contribution from Compton scattering and the photoelectric effect also varies widely between different irradiators and different beam qualities. The photoelectric effect significantly predominates at the relatively low X-ray energies in which these irradiators operate. Consequently, a higher dose is delivered to bony tissues and the adjacent hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow. The increase in average radiation absorbed dose to the bone marrow compartment of the mouse can be as high as 30%, causing higher hematological sensitivity of animals when exposed to kilovoltage X rays. Adjusting the radiation dose to simply provide biological equivalency is complicated due to steep dose gradients within the marrow tissue and the qualitatively different outcomes depending on the spatial location of critical stem and progenitor populations in relationship to bone. These concerns may be practically addressed by efforts to implement X rays of the highest possible beam energy and penetration and increased awareness that radiation damage to hematopoietic cells will not be identical to data obtained from standard 137Cs gamma rays.
Orthodontic journals and orthodontic meetings before, during, and after the pandemic

Orthodontic journals and meetings are now at a crossroads. The manner that we communicate information to our readers and present education need to be examined. Factors impacting upon optimal readership of orthodontic publications before, during, and after the pandemic are explored. The caveat is to look forward and present innovative rather than derivative solutions to communicating and educating our colleagues. Some suggestions are offered to maintain readership interest are made
The Effect of Low-Skilled Immigration on US Prices: Evidence from CPI Data

While an extensive literature examines the impact of low-skilled immigration on US native wages, there has been almost no research on the parallel question of how immigration affects the price of goods and services. A standard small open economy model suggests that low-skilled immigration should reduce the relative price of non-traded goods by decreasing the wages of low-skilled workers. Treating US cities as small open economies and using confidential price data on goods and services to estimate reduced-form price effects, I find that, at current immigration levels, a 10 percent increase in the share of low-skilled immigrants in the labor force decreases the price of immigrant-intensive services, such as housekeeping and gardening, by 1.3 percent and of other non-traded goods by 0.2 percent. Structural estimates suggest that lower wages are a likely channel through which these effects take place. However, wage effects are significantly larger for low-skilled immigrants than for low-skilled natives because the two are imperfect substitutes. Overall, the results imply that the low-skilled immigration wave of the 1990s increased the purchasing power of high-skilled natives living in the 25 largest cities by 0.65 percent but decreased the purchasing power of native high school dropouts by 2.66 percent.
Littoral/Literal Watermarks: Layers of Signification in Maritime Marseille

Page R. Laws studies Marseille as a sensory and cultural palimpsest, awash in 2600 years of the sights, sounds, and smells of Mediterranean Europe, Africa, and even distant America and Asia. Marcel Pagnol’s Fanny plays/films (series begins in 1929) represent a native’s affectionate perspective on this city of immigrants, but Marseille’s Vieux Port also inspires Banjo (1929), by Jamaican American Claude McKay, a seminal author of the Harlem Renaissance, and The Heartsong of Charging Elk (2001) by James Welch, a founder of the Native American Renaissance. Comparing Pagnol’s harbor folk with McKay’s dockworkers and Welch’s stranded American Indian (also a dockworker) reveals surprising strata of signification. Sembene Ousmane, Senegalese writer and filmmaker, layers on a third dockworker novel, in his 1956 semi-autobiographical Francophone work Le docker noir.
Enabling Second Factor Authentication for Drones in 5G using Network Slicing

As 5G systems are starting to be deployed and becoming part of many daily life applications, there is an increasing interest on the security of the overall system as 5G network architecture is significantly different than LTE systems. For instance, through application specific virtual network slices, one can trigger additional security measures depending on the sensitivity of the running application. Drones utilizing 5G could be a perfect example as they pose several safety threats if they are compromised. To this end, we propose a stronger authentication mechanism inspired from the idea of second-factor authentication in IT systems. Specifically, once the primary 5G authentication is executed, a specific slice can be tasked to trigger a second-factor authentication utilizing different factors from the primary one. This trigger mechanism utilizes the re-authentication procedure as specified in the 3GPP 5G standards for easy integration. Our second-factor authentication uses a special challenge-response protocol, which relies on unique drone digital ID as well as a seed and nonce generated from the slice to enable freshness. We implemented the proposed protocol in ns-3 that supports mmWave-based communication in 5G. We demonstrate that the proposed protocol is lightweight and can scale while enabling stronger security for the drones.
Examining the Dynamics of Field Philosophies and Epistemologies within Community Development Education

The concept, community well-being, has been studied across several academic disciplines, each employing its unique perspective. In an effort to enhance the well-being of communities globally, many scholars have commenced multi-disciplinary initiatives to address complex problems. For decades, researchers have documented the challenges of such diverse collaborations. Results often highlight the benefits of multi-disciplinary expertise coming together to solve complex problems. While this is perceived as a primary strength, they also acknowledge complications with interpersonal communication among cross-disciplinary efforts. Each discipline having its own professional language with unique cultural norms and assumptions—creating a contemporary Tower of Babel. We posit that disciplinary language is not the only barrier in creating functional multi-disciplinary programs. We argue that in addition to disciplinary languages, each field ascribes to a set of paradigms that frame the way professionals are trained in the discipline view the outside world. We identify the various disciplines contributing to community development education (CDE), the university-based educational platform for individuals interested in the field of community development, and examines the diverse paradigms associated with each discipline. We then consider how the varied paradigms create further complexity with interpersonal communication in the context of CDE. Lastly, we propose methods to identify disciplinary paradigms using them to enhance rather than detract from cross disciplinary collaboration.
A systematic review of the effects of temperature and precipitation on pollen concentrations and season timing, and implications for human health.

Climate and weather directly impact plant phenology, affecting airborne pollen. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the impacts of meteorological variables on airborne pollen concentrations and pollen season timing. Using PRISMA methodology, we reviewed literature that assessed whether there was a relationship between local temperature and precipitation and measured airborne pollen. The search strategy included terms related to pollen, trends or measurements, and season timing. For inclusion, studies must have conducted a correlation analysis of at least 5 years of airborne pollen data to local meteorological data and report quantitative results. Data from peer-reviewed articles were extracted on the correlations between seven pollen indicators (main pollen season start date, end date, peak date, and length, annual pollen integral, average daily pollen concentration, and peak pollen concentration), and two meteorological variables (temperature and precipitation). Ninety-three articles were included in the analysis out of 9,679 articles screened. Overall, warmer temperatures correlated with earlier and longer pollen seasons and higher pollen concentrations. Precipitation had varying effects on pollen concentration and pollen season timing indicators. Increased precipitation may have a short-term effect causing low pollen concentrations potentially due to “wash out” effect. Long-term effects of precipitation varied for trees and weeds and had a positive correlation with grass pollen levels. With increases in temperature due to climate change, pollen seasons for some taxa in some regions may start earlier, last longer, and be more intense, which may be associated with adverse health impacts, as pollen exposure has well-known health effects in sensitized individuals.
Solid state welding of medium-entropy CrCoNi with heterogeneous, partially recrystallized microstructures

Abstract Heterogeneous, partially recrystallized (PRX) microstructures have recently been used to improve strength-ductility combinations in high-entropy alloys. However, these microstructures are incompatible with conventional joining processes that require melting or prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures. This work presents an initial exploration of solid state joining in this challenging condition using vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW) applied to PRX equiatomic alloy CrCoNi.
Printed Electronic Devices with Inks of TiS3 Quasi-One-Dimensional van der Waals Material.

We report on the fabrication and characterization of electronic devices printed with inks of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals materials. The quasi-1D van der Waals materials are characterized by 1D motifs in their crystal structure, which allow for their exfoliation into bundles of atomic chains. The ink was prepared by the liquid-phase exfoliation of crystals of TiS3 into quasi-1D nanoribbons dispersed in a mixture of ethanol and ethylene glycol. The temperature-dependent electrical measurements indicate that the electron transport in the printed devices is dominated by the electron hopping mechanisms. The low-frequency electronic noise in the printed devices is of 1/fγ-type with γ ∼ 1 near-room temperature (f is the frequency). The abrupt changes in the temperature dependence of the noise spectral density and γ parameter can be indicative of the phase transition in individual TiS3 nanoribbons as well as modifications in the hopping transport regime. The obtained results attest to the potential of quasi-1D van der Waals materials for applications in printed electronics.
Peter Ahlwardt’s Theology of Thunder

Peter Ahlwardt, osiemnastowieczny profesor Uniwersytetu w Greifswaldzie, znany jest przede wszystkim jako autor ksiązki Bronto-teologia, w ktorej przedstawil swoją teologie piorunow, nalezącą do bardzo silnego w jego czasach ruchu fizyko-teologii. Niniejszy artykul sytuuje te bardzo wąską cześc fizyko-teologii w kontekście filozofii i teologii Ahlwardta. W swojej epistemologii Ahlwardt podkreślil potrzebe rozumowania w zrozumieniu i docenieniu objawienia, z drugiej strony wymagal rowniez, aby rozum byl oświetlany przez Ducha Świetego, stwierdzając tym samym, ze objawienie jest ostatecznym autorytetem. Ahlwardt odrzucil idee wrodzonej koncepcji Boga, dlatego jedyną drogą otwartą na poznanie Boga jest metoda a posteriori stosowana do boskiego stworzenia. Ahlwardt oparl swoj dowod na istnienie Boga na samoświadomości. Stworzenie istnieje, aby pokazac nieskonczone doskonalości Boga, a ludzie jako racjonalne istoty powinni badac przyrode, aby ujrzec te doskonalości i poznac Boską wole. Podobnie jak inni fizyko-teolodzy Ahlwardt chcial poprzez swoje badania piorunow i blyskawic wykazac, ze są one manifestacjami boskich atrybutow. Powolując sie na doskonalośc i jednośc atrybutow Boga, Ahlwardt argumentowal, ze te zjawiska atmosferyczne są w rownym stopniu przejawami Bozego gniewu, jak i Jego milości, oraz sprawiają, ze ludzie dostrzegają wielkośc Bozej chwaly i zmuszają ich do myślenia o doskonalości Boga.
Generating 3D Molecules Conditional on Receptor Binding Sites with Deep Generative Models

The goal of structure-based drug discovery is to find small molecules that bind to a given target protein. Deep learning has been used to generate drug-like molecules with certain cheminformatic properties, but has not yet been applied to generating 3D molecules predicted to bind to proteins by sampling the conditional distribution of protein-ligand binding interactions. In this work, we describe for the first time a deep learning system for generating 3D molecular structures conditioned on a receptor binding site. We approach the problem using a conditional variational autoencoder trained on an atomic density grid representation of cross-docked protein-ligand structures. We apply atom fitting and bond inference procedures to construct valid molecular conformations from generated atomic densities. We evaluate the properties of the generated molecules and demonstrate that they change significantly when conditioned on mutated receptors. We also explore the latent space learned by our generative model using sampling and interpolation techniques. This work opens the door for end-to-end prediction of stable bioactive molecules from protein structures with deep learning.
The Rise of Homo Sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking

1. Introduction. 2. The Brain. 3. Working Memory. 4. Brain Evolution. 5. Primates. 6. Early Hominins. 7. Homo erectus. 8. The First Major Leap in Cognition: The Tree-to-Ground Sleep Transition. 9. Homo heidelbergensis and the Beginnings of Modern Thinking. 10. The Rise and Fall of Neandertal. 11. The Second Major Leap in Cognition: Enhanced Working Memory and the Evolution of Modern Thinking. Glossary. References
Anaplastic meningioma: octreotide therapy for a case of recurrent and progressive intracranial disease

Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors categorized as Grades I-III per the current WHO guidelines. A small percentage of meningiomas are Grades II and III, which are likely to recur after initial treatment. Grade III meningiomas are considered to be malignant and warrant aggressive management. If surgery and radiation fail to produce lasting remission, effective treatment options for patients with progressive anaplastic meningiomas are elusive. The authors present the case of a patient with a meningioma that gradually progressed from Grade I to Grade III over 12 years despite repeated surgery and radiation therapy. The patient has been in remission for over 3 years following octreotide therapy.
When Diversity Drops: Race, Religion, and Affirmative Action in Higher Education, by Julie J. Park

AbstractThis critical essay reviews Park’s (2013) book reporting findings from her ethnographic study of the effects of a university’s significant changes in structural diversity on a campus-based evangelical Christian fellowship’s attempt to become and sustain multiethnic student membership and relationships. Park’s findings and insights illuminate the challenge student subgroups have when they seek to create deep, meaningful relationships across racial differences in the absence of adequate campus racial diversity.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF Mlsx TO Mlsc

SUMMARY Among T cell clones with specificity for cow insulin and autologous class II MHC products, a significant number displayed interesting patterns of alloreactivity to non-MHC antigens. Four clones are described in this report. One is a typical Mlsa-reactive clone, while the other three proliferate to a variety of allogeneic spleen cells with reportedly different Mls phenotypes. These include PL/J stimulator cells, designated Mlsx all strains reported to be Mlsc, and several strains previously typed as Mlsa. Little is known about Mlsx except that it does not appear to be cross-reactive with Mlsa. In this report, therefore, we attempt to investigate the reasons why these clones seem to be stimulated by a variety of different Mls phenotypes. Our conclusions are, first, that some of the strains previously typed as Mlsa may actually express a second Mls product, either c or x, in a manner analogous to the CBA/J strain (which expressess both Mlsa and Mlsc), and second, that Mlsc and Mlsx are cross-reactive. In preliminary experiments, we investigate the genetic relationship between Mlsc and Mlsx by analysis of backcrosses, and the extent of cross-reactive recognition of Mlsc and Mlsx by raising T cell clones which recognize one but not the other. Our preliminary conclusion is that Mlsc and Mlsx are cross-reactive, but represent distinct gene products.
Psychoanalytic perspectives on sibling relationships

(1988). Psychoanalytic perspectives on sibling relationships. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 8, Sibling Relationships, pp. 3-30.
Homing of single pigeons--analysis of tracks.

1. Pigeons trained by releases along a constant compass line were repeatedly tracked to their lofts from the same training points 30-50 miles away. Their tracks differed from day to day by several miles, and the birds usually did not follow any obvious landmarks. 2. The pigeons were released from new release points and on many of the tracks followed a definite sequence of orientation methods: the birds began flying in the same compass direction that had got them home from the training point, then they apparently switched to a rather accurate navigation method which got them to within 10 miles of the loft, where they seemed to pilot by a few familiar landmarks to the loft entrance. 3. There is no evidence that most of the pigeons learned or could use landmarks extensively more than 10 miles from the loft, even over area which they crossed more than twenty times. 4. The flight of pigeons from the training points and new release points at distances of 13 miles or more depended strictly on the visibility of the sun.
The Effects of a Weighted Wrist Mounted Device on Marksmanship

The modern Warfighter is faced with many unique challenges on today’s battlefields. He needs to be equipped with technology that delivers information and awareness in order to make better decisions and overcome those challenges. An example of this technology is mobile computing devices which offer many advantages as well as some potential limitations, such as interfering with shooting ability. In this study, the effects of a weighted wrist mount device on marksmanship were studied, while subjects performed varying levels of physical activity in a repeated measure designed experiment. Twelve military subjects were tested wearing four different weights and completing four levels of physical fitness while shooting at simulated targets. The number of physical fitness intervals proved to have a significant effect on shooting accuracy and precision, while weight of the wrist device did not. Although there are limitations to a controlled environment experiment, the insights gained are a springboard for future wo...
A hybrid observer for high performance brushless DC motor drives

Brushless DC motor drive systems are used in a wide variety of applications. These drives may be classified as being one of two types: sinusoidal drives in which there are no low-frequency harmonics in the current waveforms and no low-frequency torque ripple; and nonsinusoidal drives in which there is considerable low-frequency harmonic content, both in the current and torque waveforms. Although sinusoidal drives feature superior performance, they are generally more expensive since rotor position must be sensed on a continuous basis, thus requiring an optical encoder or a resolver, whereas relatively inexpensive Hall-effect sensors may be used for nonsinusoidal drives. In this paper, a straightforward hybrid observer is set forth which enables rotor position to be estimated on a continuous basis using information available from the Hall-effect sensors. The proposed observer is experimentally shown to perform just as well as an optical encoder for steady-state conditions and nearly as well as the optical encoder during transient conditions. The proposed scheme provides designers with a new option for rotor position sensing, one which offers an excellent compromise between accuracy and expense.