cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rate constants for the gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl and hydrogen sulfide over the temperature range 228-518 K

Discharge flow resonance fluorescence has been used to measure the rate constant for the reaction between hydroxyl and hydrogen sulfide over the temperature range 228-518 K while mass spectrometry was used to determine products and the measure stoichiometry. There reaction occurring is, as expected, OH + H/sub 2/S..-->..H/sub 2/O + HS (kappa/sub 2/) with HS rapidly reacting with other substances. At 298 K kappa/sub 2/=(3.9 +/- 0.7) X 10/sup -12/ cm/sup 3/ s/sup -1/, where the error includes both statistical (4%) and systematic (13%) components. The temperature dependence can be described either by kappa/sub 2/=(5.9 X 10/sup -12/) exp(-89/T) or by kappa/sub 2/=(2.34 X 10/sup -19/)T/sup 2.5/ exp)725/T). These equations reproduce the experimental values to within 10% and 7%, respectively. The results are compared with other measurements.
Simulation of a police patrol activity

Abstract This paper describes the use of the Patrol Car Allocation Model to structure the relationships which exist between the utilization of patrol resources and various measures of performance. The relationships depict the cost vs service trade-offs that are present in patrol allocation decisions. The results of an actual study are presented along with a discussion of their potential value to the police patrol allocation function.
Differential scanning calorimeter studies of the heat capacities of copper difluoride and gold

Abstract A commercial differential scanning calorimeter has been modified to yield heat capacity data which appear to be accurate to within ±2% or better. Using this instrument the constant pressure heat capacities of Au, 350 to 750 K, and CuF 2 , 330 to 710K, have been determined. Values of C° p and H° T - H° 298 to 1000 K are presented for CuF 2 .
Tensorial Representation of the Orientation Distribution Function in Cubic Polycrystals

A precise definition for the crystallite orientation distribution function (codf) of cubic polycrystals is given in terms of the set of distinct orientations of a cube. Elements of the classical Fourier representation of the codf, in terms of (symmetrized) generalized spherical harmonics, are reviewed. An alternative Fourier representation is defined in which the coefficients of the series expansion are irreducible tensors. Since tensors can be defined without the benefit of a coordinate frame, the tensorial representation is coordinate free. A geometrical association between irreducible tensors and a bouquet of lines passing through a common origin is discussed. Algorithms are given for computing the irreducible tensors and basis functions for cubic polycrystals.
Assessment of sexual function and conjugal satisfaction prior to and after liver transplantation.

The aims of this study were to assess sexual function and conjugal satisfaction in patients prior to and after liver transplantation, and in comparison to healthy individuals.
Evaluation and Recommendations for Improving the Accuracy of an Inexpensive Water Temperature Logger

Onset’s HOBO U22 Water Temp Pros are small, reliable, relatively inexpensive, self-contained temperature loggers that are widely used in studies of oceans, lakes, and streams. An in-house temperature bath calibrationof158TempProsindicatedroot-mean-square(RMS)errorsrangingfrom0.018to0.148C,withone value of 0.238C, consistent with the factory specifications. Application of a quadratic calibration correction substantially reduced the RMS error to less than 0.0098C in all cases. The primary correction was a bias error typically between 20.18 and 0.158C. Comparison of water temperature measurements from Temp Pros and more accurate temperature loggers during two oceanographic studies indicates that calibrated Temp Pros havean RMSerrorof;0.028C throughoutthewatercolumn at night andbeneaththe surface layerinfluenced by penetrating solar radiation during the day. Larger RMS errors (up to 0.088C) are observed nearthe surface duringthedayduetosolarheatingoftheblackTempProhousing.Errorsduetosolarheatingaresignificantly reduced by wrapping the housing with white electrical tape.
Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Resection of Stage II (T1-2N1M0) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Elderly Patients

Background We evaluated the use and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of T1-2N1M0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in elderly patients.
Closed-loop analysis for systems with fast linear dynamics preceded by hysteresis

Piezoelectric actuators are commonly modelled by a hysteresis operator preceding fast, stable linear dynamics. This motivates our work to analyze systems with these characteristics when a popular control architecture involving both hysteresis inversion and feedback is adopted. In particular, we are interested in the frequency-scaling behavior of the tracking error for such systems, which is of practical interest but has received little attention in the literature. The hysteresis nonlinearity in our analysis is represented by piecewise linear segments, which is applicable to many hysteresis operators. To fix ideas, we consider a proportional integral controller for the feedback component, as well as the case where a constant-gain feedforward component is added to the feedback term. This work is a continuation of our previous work where we only examined the system behavior for a given hysteresis segment. Here we use singular perturbation techniques to separate the slow variables of the controller from the fast variables of the plant dynamics, and derive the solution of the closed-loop system and the tracking error at the steady state under a sinusoidal reference. The analysis incorporates the effect of uncertainty in the hysteresis model, and offers insight into how the tracking error scales with the reference frequency. The analysis is confirmed with experimental and simulation results for the control of a piezo-actuated nanopositioner.
Theory of quasi-one-dimensional imbalanced Fermi gases

We present a theory for a lattice array of weakly coupled one-dimensional ultracold attractive Fermi gases (1D tubes) with spin imbalance, where strong intratube quantum fluctuations invalidate mean-field theory. We first construct an effective field theory, which treats spin-charge mixing exactly, based on the Bethe ansatz solution of the 1D single tube problem. We show that the 1D Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state is a two-component Luttinger liquid, and its elementary excitations are fractional states carrying both charge and spin. We analyze the instability of the 1D FFLO state against intertube tunneling by renormalization group analysis, and find that it flows into either a polarized Fermi liquid or a FFLO superfluid, depending on the magnitude of interaction strength and spin imbalance. We obtain the phase diagram of the quasi-1D system and further determine the scaling of the superfluid transition temperature with intertube coupling.
MALDI-TOF/TOF CID study of poly(butylene adipate) fragmentation reactions

This study demonstrates the use of MALDI-TOF/TOF CID fragmentation for the identification of expected and “unexpected” side products in a complex mixture of melt polymerized poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), which aged at room temperature, unexposed to direct sunlight and extreme temperature fluxuations. Expected products include PBA structures terminated with butanediol, adipic acid and buteneol (due to dehydration during synthesis); as well as cyclic architectures with no terminal groups. Additionally, side products were observed containing “unexpected” terminal groups such as glycol, propenyl, methanol, and aldehydes. Low energy fragmentation pathways and computational data are presented to verify the structural assignments of the identified structures, followed by discussion of their probable origin. 1,5-Hydrogen shift reactions were identified as the major low-energy fragmentation pathway.
Reticular modulation of evoked potentials at the cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus of the unanesthetized squirrel monkey.

Abstract The brain stem of the unanesthetized squirrel monkey was explored with electrical stimulation in order to determine which brain stem loci most effectively modulate potentials evoked at the lateral geniculate nucleus and striate cortex. Potentials were evoked at the lateral geniculate nucleus by optic tract stimulation and at the cortex by optic radiation stimulation. Conditioning stimulation in the pretectum, the rostral superior colliculus, or the mesencephalic reticular formation was equally effective and strongly enhanced (50–150%) the amplitude of responses at the lateral geniculate nucleus, but only slightly enhanced (15–45%) cortical responses. Stimulation in caudal superior colliculus and in pontine regions was less effective, and stimulation in dorsal thalamus was ineffective, except when in the ventral anterior nucleus. Stimulation here slightly enhanced cortical potentials, but had no effect on potentials at the lateral geniculate nucleus. Injecting small amounts of barbiturate severely reduced or eliminated the effectiveness of pretectal and tectal stimulation, but attenuated much less the effectiveness of stimulation in the mesencephalic tegmentum.
Silver as a probe of pore-forming residues in a potassium channel

In voltage-dependent potassium channels, the molecular determinants of ion selectivity are found in the P (pore) region, a stretch of 21 contiguous residues. Cysteine was introduced at each P region position in a Shaker potassium channel. Residues projecting side chains into the pore were identified by means of channel inhibition by a sulfhydryl-reactive potassium ion analog, silver ion. The pattern of silver ion reactivity contradicts a beta barrel architecture of potassium channel pores.
Complete response to radiation therapy of orbital metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in the United States, and 50%-75% of patients with HCC will develop metastatic disease. Orbital metastases from HCC are extremely rare. We report the case of a 52-year-old male with known metastatic HCC, who presented with severe proptosis and diplopia. An orbital mass was identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confirmed to have hypermetabolic activity on positron emission tomography/computed tomography. He received a palliative course of external beam radiation therapy to the right orbit. Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) was used to allow sparing of critical normal tissues in close proximity to the tumor. One month after completion of IMRT to 58 Gray in 30 fractions delivered over 6 wk, the patient had a complete clinical, radiologic (MRI) and symptomatic response. The patient continues to have local control in the orbit 1.7 years after therapy completion. All critical normal structures were kept below the tolerance dose using IMRT, and no toxicities were observed.
Changes in liver composition in phenobarbital-induced hepatomegaly☆

Abstract In a study of molecular events occurring during phenobarbital-induced hepatomegaly, the levels of poly(A)-RNA (heterogeneous nuclear RNA + cytoplasmic mRNA), total RNA, DNA, and protein were compared in untreated rats and those injected with phenobarbital (80 mg/kg/day) for 3 days. Total poly(A)-RNA isolated by phenol extraction and purified by affinity chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose, was assayed for its template (messenger RNA) activity in a cell-free protein synthetic system derived from wheat germ. The cell-free system was sufficiently sensitive to detect differences of less than a microgram of mRNA when optimal concentrations of Mg 2+ and K + were used. Using this system, no significant differences in the hepatic content of poly(A)-RNA were observed between the control and treated groups. The DNA level was also unchanged, but the liver weight was increased by 26% in the treated group. Total RNA and protein levels also increased significantly (25 and 38%, respectively, per 100 g body weight, and 21 and 30%, respectively per unit of DNA) in the treated group. Protein levels, when expresed in terms of poly(A)-RNA, showed a significant (22%) increase in the treated group. These results suggest that phenobarbital-induced hepatomegaly: (i) is characterized by hypertropy (cell enlargement), (ii) is not mediated by a generalized increase in the level of poly(A)-RNA, but involves a generalized increase in the synthesis and/or stabilization of RNA other than functional message, and (iii) involves an increased translation of mRNA in vivo .
Living in the matrix: assembly and control of Vibrio cholerae biofilms

Nearly all bacteria form biofilms as a strategy for survival and persistence. Biofilms are associated with biotic and abiotic surfaces and are composed of aggregates of cells that are encased by a self-produced or acquired extracellular matrix. Vibrio cholerae has been studied as a model organism for understanding biofilm formation in environmental pathogens, as it spends much of its life cycle outside of the human host in the aquatic environment. Given the important role of biofilm formation in the V. cholerae life cycle, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process and the signals that trigger biofilm assembly or dispersal have been areas of intense investigation over the past 20 years. In this Review, we discuss V. cholerae surface attachment, various matrix components and the regulatory networks controlling biofilm formation.
The effects of nebula surface density profile and giant‐planet eccentricities on planetary accretion in the inner solar system

We describe results of 32 N-body planetary accretion simulations that investigate the dependence of terrestrial-planet formation on nebula surface density profile σ and evolution of the eccentricities of Jupiter and Saturn eJ,S. Two surface density profiles are examined: a decaying profile with σ ? 1/a, where a is orbital semi-major axis, and a peaked profile in which σ increases for a 2 AU. The peaked profiles are generated by models of coagulation in an initially hot nebula. Models with initial eJ,S = 0.05 (the current value) and 0.1 are considered. Simulations using the decaying profile with eJ,S = 0.1 produce systems most like the observed planets in terms of mass-weighted mean a and the absence of a planet in the asteroid belt. Simulations with doubled σ produce planets roughly twice as massive as the nominal case. Most initial embryos are removed in each simulation via ejection from the Solar System or collision with the Sun. The asteroid belt is almost entirely cleared on a timescale of 10-100 Ma that depends sensitively on eJ,S. Most initial mass with a 2.5 AU for the decaying and peaked profiles respectively. In the case eJ,S = 0.1, the median mass accreted from a > 2.5 AU is zero for both profiles.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of composite beams and arches using a large rotation theory

Abstract Today's aerospace industry has advanced to the point of using optimum design techniques in virtually all applications. In structural elements, orthotropic fiber composite materials have emerged as lighter, stronger and a more easily manufactured solution to the material application aspect of design. Composites have the distinct advantage of being designed and built to many different desired specifications by varying materials, amount of matrix/fiber and orientation. As with many high performance applications, the analysis techniques of fiber composites are more complicated than for the simpler counterparts. This research has been directed to capturing large cross-sectional rotation incorporating a geometrically nonlinear finite element composite arch model. The model was derived and simplified from a (two-dimensional) 2-D shell theory that has been demonstrated to be accurate for large displacements and only moderate rotations. The current effort uses a similar potential energy based finite element model with through-the-thickness shear. Large rotation kinematics are derived in a vector format which includes a tangent function in the in-plane displacement relationship. Previously published research (Creaghan and Palazotto, 1994; Palazotto and Dennis, 1992) used a small angle approximation to simplify stiffness expressions, limiting those theories to moderate cross-sectional rotation angles. This tangent function is modeled by a series representation of the angle and thereby preserving the existing degrees of freedom. The approach decomposes the Green strain components into convenient forms for inclusion in the potential energy function which is then extended to a nonlinear finite element solution method. The potential energy is simplified by substituting the new rotation function for the previous rotation angle. Riks and displacement control are used to show solutions to several nonlinear arch problems. Other published analytical and experimental results are compared with the current research. This work is a simple extension of a previously published large displacement/moderate rotation theory (Creaghan and Palazotto, 1994), but the results show significant improvement when large cross sectional bending angles are present.
Extrusion of Pinto Bean High Protein Fraction Pretreated with Papain and Cellulase Enzymes

High protein fraction of pinto bean was pretreated with papain and cellulase enzymes and extruded at a temperature of 120°C. The effect of enzyme type and concentration, moisture and duration of incubation on expansion, texture, color, water absorption and solubility, pH, sugars, nitrogen solubility index and in vitro protein digestibility of the extrudate were investigated. Enzymatic modification had differential effects on nitrogen and carbohydrate components and on some physical and functional preperties of extrudates, depending on type of enzyme and incubation conditions. Results indicated the possibility of controlling protein and fiber hydrolysis at low moisture to obtain a desirable degree of modification to improve extruded products. This method may be used in food applications to obtain new snack type products from beans or their fractions.
Pulmonary aspiration in pediatric anesthetic practice in the UK: a prospective survey of specialist pediatric centers over a one-year period

Summary Background: Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents is a potentially devastating complication of anesthesia. Aims: This prospective multicenter survey of specialist pediatric centers in the UK set out to elucidate the incidence, risk factors, and the outcome of such events. The survey took place over a twelve-month period via a webbased secure reporting system. Results: Over the twelve-month period, 24 cases of pulmonary aspiration were reported. Over that time period, there were 118 371 cases performed at the eleven pediatric centers. The overall incidence of pulmonary aspiration is therefore 1 in 4932 cases or 2 in 10 000 cases. Over that time period, there were 18 cases during elective surgery and six cases in nonelective/emergency surgery. The incidence of pulmonary aspiration in the elective situation is therefore 1 in 5076 cases or 2.0 per 10 000 cases. The incidence in emergency procedures is 1 in 4498 cases or 2.2 per 10 000 cases. The timing and severity of deterioration were recorded. In the study period, 8 of 24 cases did not deteriorate, 13 of 24 deteriorated with immediate effect, and the further 3 of 24 deteriorated within the next hour. The deterioration was mild in 11 patients requiring medical management only, and the deterioration was severe in five patients. Those five patients required ventilation for varying durations of time. All patients made a full recovery. Conclusions: This multicenter survey of specialist pediatric centers in the UK over a one-year period reveals a low incidence of pulmonary aspiration in both elective and emergency cases. All patients made a full recovery.
The Hip Hop Generation: African American Male-Female Relationships in a Nightclub Setting

In examining Black male-female relationships, Bell, Bouie, and Baldwin (1990) noted that most of the research is pathologycentered. This research focuses on a worldview or cultural orientation whose center is Euro-American. It is assumed that Black heterosexual relationships are based on the same values, lifestyles, and beliefs as those of Euro-American heterosexual relationships. To support this belief, the research emphasizes Black-White comparisons that are not cross-culturally sensitive to variation (Allen, 1978). Any deviation from the Euro-American pattern is considered abnormal. Asante (1980) proposed that African American cultural orientation is distinct from that of Euro-Americans. African American cultural orientation and worldview are situated in the cultural, historical, and philosophical tradition of African people. This worldview is defined by two principles: "oneness with nature" and "survival of the group." In this holistic perspective, each partner provides for the other's intellectual, emotional, physical, and social stimulation. Neither partner exploits the relationship (Bell et al., 1990). Other social scientists, such as Page (1997), Hutchinson (1997), and Michaels (1995), discussed the heterogeneity and variation within African American communities. For example, Michaels used a historical examination of writers such as Paul Lawrence Dunbar, Zora Neal Hurston, and W.E.B. DuBois to discuss variation among African Americans. Page also suggested that promoters
JD induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes faithfully recapitulate the pathophysiology of familial hypercholesterolemia

Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma are a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 95 loci that associate with control of lipid/cholesterol metabolism. Although GWAS results are highly provocative, direct analyses of the contribution of specific allelic variations in regulating LDL-C has been challenging due to the difficulty in accessing appropriate cells from affected patients. The primary cell type responsible for controlling cholesterol and lipid flux is the hepatocyte. Recently, we have shown that cells with hepatocyte characteristics can be generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This finding raises the possibility of using patient-specific iPSC-derived hepatocytes to study the functional contribution of GWAS loci in regulating lipid metabolism. To test the validity of this approach, we produced iPSCs from JD a patient with mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene that result in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We demonstrate that (1) hepatocytes can be efficiently generated from FH iPSCs; (2) in contrast to control cells, FH iPSC-derived hepatocytes are deficient in LDL-C uptake; (3) control but not FH iPSC-derived hepatocytes increase LDL uptake in response to lovastatin; and (4) FH iPSC-derived hepatocytes display a marked elevation in secretion of lipidated apolipoprotein B-100. Conclusion: Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate that FH iPSC-derived hepatocytes recapitulate the complex pathophysiology of FH in culture. These results also establish that patient-specific iPSC-derived hepatocytes could be used to definitively determine the functional contribution of allelic variation in regulating lipid and cholesterol metabolism and could potentially provide a platform for the identification of novel treatments of cardiovascular disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
Sonochemical synthesis of nanostructured catalysts

Abstract Sonochemistry arises from acoustic cavitation; the formation, growth, and collapse of bubbles in a liquid. The implosive collapse of a bubble generates a localized hot spot; a temperature of ∼5000 K and pressure of ∼1800 atm, with cooling rates that exceed 10 9 K s −1 . Using these extreme conditions, we have developed a new synthetic technique for the synthesis of nanostructured inorganic materials. When irradiated with high intensity ultrasound in low volatility solvents under argon, volatile organometallic precursors produce high surface area solids that consist of agglomerates of nanometer clusters. These sonochemically produced nanostructured solids are active heterogeneous catalysts for hydrocarbon reforming and CO hydrogenation. For Fe and Co, nanostructured metals are formed; for Mo and W, metal carbides (e.g., Mo 2 C) are produced. Using polymeric ligands (e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone) or oxide supports (alumina or silica), the initially formed nanoscale clusters can be trapped as colloids or supported catalysts, respectively.
Quantification of Neural Protein in Extirpated Tooth Pulp

Because the pulp tissue extirpated during root canal procedures might serve as a valuable resource with which to assess underlying mechanisms of persistent pain, we sought to determine whether standard Western blotting techniques could be used to quantify neural proteins in pulp extirpated from teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Pulp harvested from healthy intact teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons was used for comparison. The neural marker PGP9.5 was detectable in all samples tested. A membrane enrichment protocol enabled detection of even low abundance, high molecular weight proteins such as the sodium channel alpha-subunit NaV1.8. Importantly, it was possible to quantify a approximately 6-fold increase in the relative density of NaV1.8 in inflamed pulp compared with control pulp. Our results suggest that it should be possible to use extirpated tooth pulp to validate mechanisms of persistent pain implicated in preclinical studies as well as evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of novel antinociceptive interventions.
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of manganese-containing MFI-type zeolite, Mn-ZSM-5, characterization, and catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons.

Manganese-containing MFI-type Mn–ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal method using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and manganese(III)-acetylacetonate as organic template and manganese salts, respectively. A highly crystalline MFI zeolite structure was formed under pH = 11 in 2 days, without the need for additional alkali metal cations. Direct evidence of the incorporation of Mn in the zeolite framework sites was observed by performing structure parameter refinements, supported by data collected from other characterization techniques such as IR, Raman, UV–vis, TGA, N2-adsorption, SEM, TEM, EDAX, and XPS. UV–vis spectra from the unique optical properties of Mn–ZSM-5 show two absorption peaks at 250 and 500 nm. The absorption varies in different atmospheres accompanied by a color change of the materials due to oxygen evolution. Raman spectra show a significant and gradual red shift from 383 cm–1 to 372 cm–1 when the doping amount of Mn is increased from 0 to 2 wt %. This sugg...
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in the rat brain: coexistence with vasopressin in small neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Abstract We demonstrated the coexistence of aromatic l -amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and arginine-vasopressin in neurons of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurons that lacked monoamines but expressed immunoreactivity to the enzyme AADC occupied the rostral and caudal poles of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and mediodorsal and dorsolateral positions along the entire extent of the nucleus. AADC was also localized in similar neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of rats from other strains including the homozygous Brattleboro rat.
WE‐C‐J‐6C‐03: A Novel Respiratory Gating Method Based On Automated Analysis of Ultrasonic Diaphragm Motion

Purpose: Most of the current respiratory gating systems monitor the abdominal wall movement for lungcancerradiotherapy. These systems make the assumption that this motion and that of the lungtumor are correlated. Diaphragm motion is also correlated with lungtumor motion. Research shows there is a phase shift between the abdominal wall and diaphragm motions. Previous studies used fluoroscopy to evaluate diaphragm motion. We developed a method to extract a respiratory gating signal by automatically analyzing ultrasonic diaphragm video. Method and Materials: Volunteers were examined in a supine position and their right diaphragms were imaged with B‐mode ultrasonography using a standard unit (Siemens Sonaline Prima). The analog video signal was captured with a standard pc video card (RADEON 9600XT, ATI Technologies Inc.) at a rate of 30 frames per second to decompose the video stream into frames. To reduce computation time and complexity, the region encompassing the diaphragm motion was segmented from all frames. The mutual information and correlation coefficient between a selected reference frame and all others were calculated and normalized. Diaphragm motion information was extracted for use as a respiratory gating signal. Results: Plots of either the mutual information or correlation coefficient vs time (frame number) are periodic and match the respiratory cycle. The periodicity is independent of the selected reference frame and the shape shows only minor variations. Thus, this method provides a robust signal of respiratory motion that could be used to trigger the radiation beam. Conclusion: A novel respiratory gating system is proposed for lungcancer therapy based on ultrasound imaging. The method is noninvasive, nonionizing, and specific, thus has the potential to be a useful respiratory gating system.
Bladder cancer risk and personal hair dye use

Several cohort and case-control studies have found an increased risk of bladder cancer among hairdressers and barbers who are occupationally exposed to hair dyes. However, the carcinogenic risk associated with personal use of hair dyes remains uncertain since several large case-control and cohort studies did not find an association between personal hair dye use and bladder cancer. To address this question, the authors used data collected on 459 bladder cancer cases and 665 controls who were interviewed as part of a case-control study conducted in New Hampshire between 1994 and 1998. Participants underwent a structured personal interview with regard to history of hair dye use and bladder cancer risk factors. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratios that were associated with hair dye use, while controlling for potential confounding factors. A history of any hair dye use was inversely associated with bladder cancer incidence in men [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.3–0.8], although risk reductions were not statistically significant for individual dye types. In women, use of permanent (adjusted OR = 1.5; 95%CI = 0.8–2.7) and rinse-type hair dye (adjusted OR = 1.7; 95%CI = 0.8–3.6) were associated with a modestly elevated risk of bladder cancer but with limited statistical precision; no association was found with use of semi-permanent dyes (adjusted OR = 0.7; 95%CI = 0.3–1.4). For permanent hair dye use, odds ratios were most pronounced for younger age at first use, higher frequency and prolonged time since first use; however there were no clear trends in risk by these factors. In light of the prevalence of hair dye use, further studies are needed that address the effects of specific colors and types of hair dyes along with the possible role of individual susceptibility. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
NNNLO soft-gluon corrections for the top-antitop pair production cross section

I present a calculation of next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNNLO) soft-gluon corrections for top-antitop pair production in hadronic collisions. Approximate NNNLO (aNNNLO) results are obtained by adding the NNNLO soft-gluon corrections to the complete next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) cross section. Theoretical predictions are shown for the total aNNNLO $t\overline{t}$ cross section at LHC and Tevatron energies. The aNNNLO cross sections are larger but have smaller theoretical uncertainties than at NNLO.
Quasar-Galaxy Correlations: A Search for Amplification BIAS*

Weak gravitational lensing by clusters and superclusters can change our perception of the distribution of bright background quasars through a phenomenon known as amplification bias. It has been suggested that this lensing will lead to an association of moderate redshift quasars (z ~ 1.0–2.0) and foreground galaxies (z ~ 0.2–0.3). We report on the analysis of a homogeneous sample of 32 CCD fields centered on quasars that are bright both at radio (S5 GHz > 1 Jy) and optical (V < 18.5) wavelengths, along with 11 control fields. These 69' × 69' fields are a small subset of our larger survey of the fields around approximately 100 quasars and approximately 20 control fields. The quasars presented here are chosen to have the highest potential for evidence of this weak lensing effect. We find no evidence for the presence of rich galaxy clusters (Abell richness class = 1) in the foreground of these fields. However, using a Spearman rank-order correlation test, we have detected a correlation between galaxy number density and angular distance from bright quasars on scales less than 30' with a significance of 99%. This angular correlation is consistent with the recent semianalytic models of Dolag & Bartelmann that incorporate nonlinear evolution of matter.
Development of new sustainable inorganic flame retardant additive system for polyamide 6,6 with improved performance

We report the effect of new sustainable inorganic phosphate glass (P-glass) flame retardants for polyamide 6,6 (PA6,6). Three P-glasses differing in chemical composition and glass transition temperature (Tg) were prepared and their flame retardant effect on PA6,6 was studied by cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and SEM-EDX. The effect of high and intermediate Tg P-glasses on the thermal stability of PA6,6 was negligible as compared to that of the low Tg P-glass due to the hygroscopic nature of the latter. However, the char formation was independent of the P-glass composition and was observed to increase by 30% in the presence of P-glass. The low Tg P-glass composition (i.e., ILT-1) was found to be a promising flame retardant for PA6,6 at a concentration of up to 15% by weight. Cone calorimetry data showed that the ILT-1 decreased both the peak heat release rate and the total heat amount released from the PA6,6/ILT-1 hybrids, resulting in an efficient formation of a glassy char layer. In contrast to the intermediate and high Tg P-glasses of this study, SEM-EDX indicated that the ILT-1 P-glass was well dispersed in the PA6,6 matrix to yield a typical droplet-in-matrix phase morphology in the melt-blended binary immiscible P-glass/PA6,6 hybrids. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1741–1748, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Coronary Sinus Perforation from Placement of a LeVeen Shunt in a Child

An unusual complication involving the LeVeen shunt is described. The patient, a two-year-old child, had chronic intractable ascites due to cirrhosis, secondary to alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. The insertion of a LeVeen shunt resulted in perforation of the coronary sinus followed by cardiac tamponade and death.
Does the patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding benefit from endoscopy? Reflections and discussion of recent literature.

Does the patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding benefit from diagnostic endoscopy (1)? Because of the controversy surrounding this question; a controversy which elicits a considerable amount of emotion, I think it is important to define first what we mean by "benefit" to the patient and then to look carefully at the information which is available to us to help answer the question. The ultimate benefit to the patient in a potentially lethal condition such as upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a reduction in the risk of dying. Other benefits could be realized as a result of a reduction in the morbidity of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, as measured by a shorter hospital stay, a decrease in transfusion requirements, or a shortening of the time before surgical intervention in those patients who require an operation. The basic premise which underlies the concept of early endoscopy for acute bleeding is that knowing the diagnosis will somehow allow us to treat the patient more effectively and thus reduce morbidity and mortality. That is the premise which guides us in most of clinical medicine. And there is very little question that of the two principal methods for diagnosing upper gastrointestinal bleeding, namely, endoscopy and barium-contrast radiography, en-
Morphine-related apnoea in CPAP-treated preterm neonates.

BACKGROUND: Morphine can be used to treat pain in preterm neonates with CPAP because of its analgetic potency; however, it is known to induce apnoea. AIM: To evaluate this risk of apnoea. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 91 preterm neonates with CPAP who received morphine intravenously. The incidence of apnoea 4 h before and after morphine administration was compared. The data were analysed for three dosage groups ( 0.03 mg/kg (0.3+/-0.67 vs 1.5+/-2.5 apnoea). Interestingly, we found a significantly delayed increase in apnoea in the fourth hour. CONCLUSION: Morphine in preterm infants with CPAP is not widely accepted practice until further randomized studies evaluate efficacy and safety. Morphine in a low dosage (<or=0.03 mg/kg) did not significantly increase the apnoea rate in CPAP-treated preterm infants. For clinical work, it is very important to note that morphine-related apnoea may appear with a delay of approximately 4 h.
An emergency department-based field response team: Case report and recommendations for a “go team”

Few crises are more distressing to prehospital care providers than the inability to care for a patient who is desperately ill due to entrapment. Occasionally, these patients require medical care above and beyond the scope of practice at the paramedic level. Although a federal response system is in place to provide physician-level out-of-hospital medical care during presidential declarations of disaster,1 there is a paucity of scientific literature concerning an organized emergency department response to assist local fire/rescue or EMS agencies with patient care activities. The George Washington University Medical Center (GWUMC) Department of Emergency Medicine has developed such a prehospital emergency medicine capability in conjunction with the District of Columbia Fire and EMS Department (DCFEMSD). A case report and issues related to physician response into the prehospital environment are presented.
Ionic transport in poly(ethylene oxide) PEO-LiX polymeric solid electrolyte.

The ionic conductivity behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) complexed with lithium salts was investigated using an a.c. impedance technique. The composition range of the salt was from 0.01 to 0.5 mole fraction. The result showed that anions strongly influence the conductivity behavior of the polymer electrolyte. A simple model is proposed whereby the conductivity decrease at higher salt concentration is due to ion-pair formation. This results in an increase in the activation energy with increasing salt concentration and a reduction in the ionic mobility of Li+ ions.
CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF FORMAL REASONING INSTRUMENTS

This report describes the construction and validation of paper-and-pencil instruments to test for formal operational thought. Three structurally parallel tests in three content areas and four Piagetian formal thought tasks were administered to 90 scholastically above-average adolescents of 13, 16, and 19 yr. Items were six-choice logic items with abstruse and absurd content. The reasoning tests had substantial content validity, modest concurrent validity, and limited construct validity. These formal reasoning tests could be employed by educators to select students who are capable of abstract conceptualization and theoretically might profit from a curriculum emphasizing symbolic and verbal instruction and an abstract mode of learning.
The Abstract, the Concrete, and the Argument in the New Urban Politics

(1991). The Abstract, the Concrete, and the Argument in the New Urban Politics. Journal of Urban Affairs: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 299-306.
Acceptability of Frankfurters Made from Mechanically Deboned Poultry Meat as Affected by Carcass Part, Condition of Meat, and Days of Storage

Abstract The effect of carcass part on the acceptability of frankfurters made from mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) was determined. The effect of fresh or frozen condition of the MDPM and the effect of days of storage on the finished franks were studied. Backs from which abdominal fat was removed and skinned necks were deboned separately and also in combination (5:1, w/w). Frankfurters were prepared from fresh and frozen lots of each type of MDPM. Protein, fat, water, and seasoning were held constant. The products were tested after 1 and 7 days of storage. Evaluation included organoleptic examination by a taste panel, shear values, yields, and proximate analyses. In general, fresh and frozen mechanically deboned backs and backs plus necks and fresh mechanically deboned necks produced frankfurters with optimum texture (snappiness), tenderness, and juiciness. Franks made from frozen mechanically deboned necks were more mushy. Overall satisfaction scores were best for frankfurters prepared from fresh and frozen mechanically deboned backs and backs plus necks. Overall satisfaction scores for franks made from fresh and frozen mechanically deboned necks were lower, probably due to poor flavor. Shear values, although very little different, reflected tenderness data from the taste panel. There was little difference among yields or proximate analysis results for any of the frankfurters.
Relationship between Retroviral DNA Integration and Gene Expression

Although retroviruses can integrate their DNA into a large number of sites in the host genome, factors controlling the specificity of integration remain controversial and poorly understood. To assess the effects of transcriptional activity on integration in vivo, we created quail cell clones containing a construct with a minigene cassette, whose expression is controlled by the papilloma virus E2 protein. From these clones we derived transcriptionally active subclones expressing the wild-type E2 protein and transcriptionally silent subclones expressing a mutant E2 protein that binds its target DNA but is unable to activate transcription. By infecting both clones and subclones with avian leukosis virus and using a PCR-based assay to determine viral DNA integration patterns, we were able to assess the effects of both protein binding and transcriptional activity on retroviral DNA integration. Contrary to the hypothesis that transcriptional activity enhances integration, we found an overall decrease in integration into our gene cassette in subclones expressing the wild-type E2 protein. We also found a decrease in integration into our gene cassette in subclones expressing the mutant E2 protein, but only into the protein binding region. Based on these findings, we propose that transcriptionally active DNA is not a preferred target for retroviral integration and that transcriptional activity may in fact be correlated with a decrease in integration.
Statistics-based antenna selection for multiaccess MIMO systems

Receive antenna selection based on statistical channel knowledge (SCK) is considered for a multiuser uplink system. For spatial multiplexing transmission, we derive the optimal SCK-based antenna selection criteria that maximizes the ergodic capacity in the high signal to noise ratio regime. Two different receiver architectures are considered. The first receiver uses a MMSE front-end to suppress the interference, followed by ML decoding to optimally decode the desired user's data streams and the second receiver performs a joint ML detection of all the users' data streams. In a sufficiently correlated channel, SCK-based selection gives gains close to exact channel knowledge-based selection. We compare the performance of antenna selection with that of full complexity (FC) receiver, that uses all the available antennas for demodulation. We show that, unlike in the single-user system, in a multiaccess system, the capacity achieved by a MMSE receiver with antenna selection can be higher than that of a MMSE FC receiver.
Optimization of Inpatient Warfarin Therapy: Impact of Daily Consultation by a Pharmacist-Managed Anticoagulation Service

OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of daily consultation by a team of hospital pharmacists on the accuracy and rapidity of optimizing warfarin therapy.DESIGN:Comparison of a historical control cohort with a prospective cohort matched for treatment indication.SETTING:A 400-bed university teaching hospital.PATIENTS:Sixty consecutive patients hospitalized in 1992 and starting warfarin for the first time, with anticoagulation therapy managed by physicians, were compared with 60 patients matched for warfarin indication hospitalized in 1995, but with anticoagulation therapy managed with pharmacy consultation.RESULTS:Pharmacist management of initial warfarin therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the length of hospitalization compared with physician dosing, from 9.5 ± 5.6 days to 6.8 ± 4.4 days (p = 0.009). The number of patients and patient-days with international normalized ratio (INR) values >3.5 were reduced by pharmacist dosing from 37 patients and 142 days to 16 patients and 29 days, respectively (p...
Cyclin D activates the Rb tumor suppressor by mono-phosphorylation

The widely accepted model of G1 cell cycle progression proposes that cyclin D:Cdk4/6 inactivates the Rb tumor suppressor during early G1 phase by progressive multi-phosphorylation, termed hypo-phosphorylation, to release E2F transcription factors. However, this model remains unproven biochemically and the biologically active form(s) of Rb remains unknown. In this study, we find that Rb is exclusively mono-phosphorylated in early G1 phase by cyclin D:Cdk4/6. Mono-phosphorylated Rb is composed of 14 independent isoforms that are all targeted by the E1a oncoprotein, but show preferential E2F binding patterns. At the late G1 Restriction Point, cyclin E:Cdk2 inactivates Rb by quantum hyper-phosphorylation. Cells undergoing a DNA damage response activate cyclin D:Cdk4/6 to generate mono-phosphorylated Rb that regulates global transcription, whereas cells undergoing differentiation utilize un-phosphorylated Rb. These observations fundamentally change our understanding of G1 cell cycle progression and show that mono-phosphorylated Rb, generated by cyclin D:Cdk4/6, is the only Rb isoform in early G1 phase.
Managerial Ownership, the Method of Payment for Acquisitions, and Executive Job Retention

This study investigates how acquiring and target firm managers' preferences for control rights motivate the payment for corporate acquisitions. We expect that managers of target firms who value influence in combined firms will prefer to receive stock. One reason top managers desire influence is to enhance their chances of retaining jobs in the combined firm. Our analysis shows a strong, positive association between managerial ownership of target firms and the likelihood of acquisitions for stock. We also find that managers of target firms are more likely to retain jobs in combined firms when they receive stock rather than cash. A NUMBER OF EMPIRICAL stludies investigate the rationale for offering cash for some acquisitions and stock for other acquisitions. Although a few papers (such as Carleton et al. (1983) and Auerbach and Reishus (1988)) examine both acquiring and target firms, most studies focus on the motivation of acquiring firms. Amihud, Lev, and Travlos (1990), for example, relate the preferences of acquiring firms' managers to the method of payment. Building on Harris and Raviv (1988) and Stulz (1988), they propose that acquiring firm managers who value control prefer to pay cash for acquisitions to avoid ownership dilution and the possible loss of control.' In support of this hypothesis, they find a positive association between the acquirers' managerial ownership and the incidence of cash payments for acquisitions. More recently, Martin (1996) considers the sizes of target and acquiring firms and their investment opportunities as determinants of the method of payment. His emphasis, however, is also on the motivation of acquiring firms. The present study investigates how preferences for control rights by both acquiring and target firm managers motivate the method of payment for