cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MATERIAL AND INTERACTION PROPERTIES OF SELECTED GRAINS AND OILSEEDS FOR MODELING DISCRETE PARTICLES

Experimental investigations of grain flow can be expensive and time consuming, but computer simulations can reduce the large effort required to evaluate the flow of grain in handling operations. Published data on material and interaction properties of selected grains and oilseeds relevant to discrete element method (DEM) modeling were reviewed. Material properties include grain kernel shape, size, and distribution; Poisson's ratio; shear modulus; and density. Interaction properties consist of coefficients of restitution, static friction, and rolling friction. Soybeans were selected as the test material for DEM simulations to validate the model fundamentals using material and interaction properties. Single- and multi-sphere soybean particle shapes, comprised of one to four overlapping spheres, were compared based on DEM simulations of bulk properties (bulk density and bulk angle of repose) and computation time. A single-sphere particle model best simulated soybean kernels in the bulk property tests. The best particle model had a particle coefficient of restitution of 0.6, particle coefficient of static friction of 0.45 for soybean-soybean contact (0.30 for soybean-steel interaction), particle coefficient of rolling friction of 0.05, normal particle size distribution with standard deviation factor of 0.4, and particle shear modulus of 1.04 MPa.
The action spectrum for shifting the phase of the rhythm of luminescence in Gonyaulax polyedra.

The action spectrum for changing the phase of the rhythm of luminescence in the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra has been determined. Maxima in effectiveness were found at 475 and 650 mµ. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Diets of East African Bovidae Based on Stable Isotope Analysis

Abstract We provide stable carbon isotope data from 37 species of African bovids to document dietary preferences for C3 browse (or fruits) or C4 grass. These data provide a quantitative measure of the fraction of C4 grass in bovid diets, can be applied on regional to local scales, can be derived from tooth enamel and hair or other tissues, and permit the diets of bovids to be considered in the context of a grazer–browser continuum. We recognize hypergrazers (>95% C4 grass), grazers (70–95% C4 grass), mixed feeders (>30% C4 grass and >30% C3 browse), browsers (70–95% C3 browse), and hyperbrowsers or frugivores (>95% C3 browse or fruit). Our results suggest that, of the extant East African Bovidae, impala (Aepyceros melampus), Thomson’s gazelle (Gazella thomsonii), and oribi (Ourebia ourebi) can be construed as mixed feeders. Dietary estimates based on stable isotope analysis are in broad agreement with other measures of diet such as hypsodonty index, mass relationships, and wear scratches on enamel.
The augmented object model: cooperative manipulation and parallel mechanism dynamics

The augmented object model provided the basis for effective cooperation between multiple robots. These robots were assumed to have a single serial-chain structure. In this paper we discuss the augmented object model in the context of mechanisms involving multiple branches such as humanoid robots and parallel mechanisms. An application of the proposed model in the dynamic modeling of a holonomic mobile base and experimental results using real-time dynamic simulation are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
An optimized kinetics model for OH chemiluminescence at high temperatures and atmospheric pressures

Chemiluminescence from the OH(A X) transition near 307 nm is a commonly used diagnostic in combustion applications such as flame chemistry, shock-tube experiments, and reacting-flow visualization. Although absolute measurements of OH(X) concentrations are well defined, there is no elementary relation between emission from the electronically excited state (OH*) and its absolute concentration. Thus, to enable quantitative emission measurements, a kinetics model has been assembled and optimized to predict OH* formation and quenching at combustion conditions. Shock-tube experiments were conducted in mixtures of H2/O2/Ar, CH4/O2/Ar, and CH4/H2/O2/Ar with high levels of argon dilution (>98%). Elementary reactions to model OH*, along with initial estimates of their rate coefficients, were taken from the literature. The important formation steps follow: (R0) (R1) Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify experimental conditions under which the shape of the measured OH* profiles and the magnitude of the OH* emission would be sensitive to the formation reactions. A fitting routine was developed to express the formation rate parameters as a function of a single rate, k1 at the reference temperature (1490 K). With all rates so expressed, H2/CH4 mixtures were designed to uniquely determine the value of k1 at the reference temperature, from which the remaining rate parameters were calculated. Quenching rates were fixed at their literature values. The new model predicts the experimental data over the range of conditions studied and can be used to calibrate the emission diagnostic for other applications, such as measurements in real combustion environments, containing higher order hydrocarbon fuels and lower levels of dilution in air. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 714–724, 2006
Novel micromixers driven by flow instabilities: Application to post‐reactors

Flow-driven instabilites in microdevices, consisting of small features (posts), are studied using 2-D computational fluid dynamics simulations as a means of enhanching mixing at the microscale. It is found that oscillatory flow developed above a critical Reynolds number in the wake of a post is weakly affected by volumetric and surface (catalytic) reactions. The observed reactivity, on the other hand, is strongly affected by flow-driven instabilities. Based on these results, a novel post micromixer that capitalizes on this oscillatory flow while exhibiting a low pressure drop is proposed. Finally, different feature configurations are investigated to gain insights into the mixing performance and to develop design guidelines. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Earmarks as a Means and an End: The Link between Earmarks and Campaign Contributions in the U.S. House of Representatives

Legislative earmarks have taken center stage in the popular press in recent years as journalists, pundits, the president, and, sometimes, even legislators themselves question the economic, representational, and general policy implications of this type of federal spending. Some scholars suggest that legislators garner either direct or indirect electoral benefits from this behavior, but empirical findings are mixed. In this article, we place this discussion in the context of the literature on the link between campaign contributions and legislative services. We argue that MCs use earmarks to reward loyal contributors while interest groups attract earmarks by contributing to legislators’ campaigns. Utilizing a two-stage OLS technique, we find a robust relationship between defense earmarks and campaign contributions from defense political action committees during the 111th Congress.
PETCAM—A Power Efficient TCAM Architecture for Forwarding Tables

Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) is a hardware device which can support high-speed table lookups and is an attractive solution for applications such as packet forwarding and classification. We investigate various TCAM architectures recently proposed for TCAM power and memory reduction in packet forwarding and show that far better power and memory performance is possible when we use an optimal prefix set for the given routing table. Compared to existing approaches, our experimental results demonstrate that our approach can significantly reduce both power (8-98 percent) and TCAM memory (45-78 percent) requirements.
Process network theory

A set of logically consistent, systems-theoretic concepts, principles, and postulates, called process network theory (PNT), for partitioning the physical and biological production processes of economic enterprises into networks of technology-specific elemental processing components is presented. These processing components convert material resources of a given technical form into technically specific products and byproducts at a unit technical cost, through the application of dissipative resources. The transformation is expressed in terms of two distinct classes of performance variables, namely, the material flow rates and their associated technical cost. Specific technologies and the scale of operation appear as parameters in the transformation equations. The material flow rates and technical costs satisfy, respectively, the continuity and compatibility postulates of systems graph theory, thereby providing a theoretical and analytical framework for characterizing the technical and cost performance of the overall production system in terms of the elemental processing components and their interconnection. >
Foraging Microhabitat Selection by Wading Birds in a Tidal Estuary, with Implications for Conservation

Abstract The importance of the lower Rahway River, New Jersey, to wading birds was investigated, and foraging patterns and interspecific differences in wading bird microhabitat use are described. Foraging decisions by wading birds are complex and occur at several levels. In order to examine foraging decisions at the habitat and microhabitat levels, 79 censuses were conducted by boat along a 5-km tidal section of this river in 1988, 1998, 1999, and 2002. The locations of 1,148 birds were recorded on maps, and patterns of microhabitat use were determined. Overall, year, date, and tide level were important predictors for the numbers of wading birds that were recorded. However, each species responded to a different combination of variables: for Great Egret it was year and date; for Snowy Egret date and tide level; and for Glossy Ibis year, date, and tide level. Tide flow direction was not important for any species. For all three species, spatial distributions long the river were clumped rather than uniform, w...
Site of Fluid Secretion in Small Airways

The secretion and management of readily transportable airway surface liquid (ASL) along the respiratory tract is crucial for the clearance of debris and pathogens from the lungs. In proximal large airways, submucosal glands (SMGs) can produce ASL. However, in distal small airways, SMGs are absent, although the lumens of these airways are, uniquely, highly plicated. Little is known about the production and maintenance of ASL in small airways, but using electrophysiology, we recently found that native porcine small airways simultaneously secrete and absorb. How these airways can concurrently transport ASL in opposite directions is puzzling. Using high expression of the Na-K-2Cl cotransport (NKCC) 1 protein (SLC12a2) as a phenotypic marker for fluid secretory cells, immunofluorescence microscopy of porcine small airways revealed two morphologically separated sets of luminal epithelial cells. NKCC1 was abundantly expressed by most cells in the contraluminal regions of the pleats but highly expressed very infrequently by cells in the luminal folds of the epithelial plications. In larger proximal airways, the acini of SMGs expressed NKCC1 prominently, but cells expressing NKCC1 in the surface epithelium were sparse. Our findings indicate that, in the small airway, cells in the pleats of the epithelium secrete ASL, whereas, in the larger proximal airways, SMGs mainly secrete ASL. We propose a mechanism in which the locations of secretory cells in the base of pleats and of absorptive cells in luminal folds physically help maintain a constant volume of ASL in small airways.
Comparative Effects of Judo and Selected Physical Education Activities on Male University Freshman Personality Traits

Abstract The effects of physical education courses in judo I, judo II, handball, badminton, basketball, and volleyball on certain personality traits of male freshmen at the University of North Carolina were compared. Subjects used were randomly selected from a student population meeting prespecified constraints and assigned to the Experimental (judo I and judo II, N = 73), Control 1 (handball and volleyball, N = 34), and Control 2 (badminton and basketball, N = 42) Groups. Personality trait measures on all subjects were obtained through repeated administrations of Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, 1962 Edition of Form A; i.e., pretreatment, 8-week, and 16-week measures. Using pretreatment measures as covariates, analysis of variance techniques indicated that the judo experimental group became more warmhearted, easygoing, and participating than did either of the control groups.
Effects of operator state on pilot/ATC conflict

Motivation - Operator state factors can influence the quality of situation assessment, information processing, and decision-making (Peters et al, 2006). Originality/Value - It is critical in aviation to ensure shared situational understanding and cooperative problem solving between aircrews and ATC. In NDM research, we must identify situations likely to elicit particular operator states and evaluate their potential impact on decision processes. Research approach - Using ASRS reports, we coded phrases associated with three types of conflict: operational, informational, and cognitive (Bearman et al., 2005), as well as operator state words referring to the reporter or to another party. Findings - Results will be presented at NDM9. Limitations - Characteristics of the ASRS database guarantee that it is a rich source of data, but also impose inherent limitations with respect to generalization. Take away message - This research will enable us to better predict aircrew/ATC communication breakdowns and conflicts resulting from specific operator states.
Elasticity and equation of state of orthoenstatite, MgSiO3

Published measurements of the compression and elasticity of MgSiO_3 orthoenstatite have been reanalyzed and the estimates that they yield of the room pressure bulk modulus and its pressure derivative are now shown to be consistent with one another. New single-crystal compression data is also consistent with the revised EoS parameters. Combining the results of four different experiments (two compression, one Brillouin measurement, and one in situ high-pressure ultrasonic measurement) yields best estimates of K_(T0) = 105.8(5) GPa and K'_0 = 8.5(3) for a third-order Birch-Murnaghan EoS.
Stream Processing with Secure Information Flow Constraints

In the near future, clouds will provide situational monitoring services such as health monitoring, stock market monitoring, shopping cart monitoring, and emergency control and threat management. Offering such services requires securely processing data streams generated by multiple, possibly competing and/or complementing, organizations, such that there is no overt or covert leakage of sensitive information. We demonstrate how an information flow control model adapted from the Chinese Wall policy can be used to protect against sensitive data disclosure in data stream management system. We also develop a language based on Continuous Query Language that can be used to express information flow constraints in stream processing and provide its formal semantics.
Water, sodium chloride, and food intake induced by injections of cholinergic and adrenergic drugs into the third ventricle of the rat brain.

SummaryThe effects of microinjection of adrenergic and cholinergic drugs and hypertonic saline into the third ventricle on the intake of water, hypertonic salt (NaCl) solution, and food were studied. Carbachol induced a dramatic, rapid, 15-fold increase in water intake, whereas none of the other drugs were active. Both carbachol and isoproterenol evoked large increases in salt intake. Again, all other drugs failed to produce significant effects. Food intake was increased by the following adrenergic compounds: epinephrine, norepinephrine, metaraminol, isoproterenol, and dopamine. Carbachol was also effective in augmenting food intake but the effect was delayed. Hypertonic saline produced a delayed increase in both water and food intake but did not alter salt intake. The results are interpreted to mean that a cholinergic synapse lies in the pathways which mediate water intake, whereas both cholinergic and adrenergic synapses may be involved in the mediation of salt and food intake.
Phase Behavior and Properties of Polyurethane-PVC Blends and Fibers

Abstract A polyester urethane elastomer is blended with rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and the miscibility of the components studied over the entire range of compositions. The polyurethane elastomer was a block copolymer with a low degree of crystallinity, while PVC was practically amorphous. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) methods showed that polyester urethanes were partially miscible with PVC since two distinct glass transitions, which changed with the change of concentration of components, were observed. Although the PVC content was varied from 0–100%, the aim of the work was to examine if PVC at low concentrations would form fibrils in the urethane matrix and act as a reinforcing agent for the polyurethane elastomer. The morphology of the blends was studied by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray scattering. The blends were then spun into fibers to force the dispersed phase to elongate and form fibrils (draw ratio was ...
301 REVERSAL OF SATURATED FATTY ACID-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF HUMAN T LYMPHOCYTES, PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES, AND LIPID PEROXIDATION BY LINOLENIC ACID.

Purpose of Study T lymphocytes (T cells) in their native state are insulin nonresponsive but upon incubation with phytohemagglutinin or 30 mM glucose (GL) become activated and develop insulin receptors (CD69) and exhibit insulin responsiveness. We have also shown that saturated fatty acid (SF), palmitic acid, but not unsaturated fatty acids (UF) oleic, linoleic, or linolenic acids (LIN), activate T cells with de novo emergence of insulin receptors and production of lipid peroxidation (TBA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) determined by DCF (BBRC 2006). The present study was conducted to study possible inhibitory effects of LIN on activation of T cells and production of lipid peroxidation and ROS. Methods T cells from normal subjects were isolated and incubated with 0, 50, or 500 μM stearic acid (STA) without or with LIN or GL. Results Addition of LIN partially reversed the effect of T-cell activation by STA. Values are shown in the Table. Conclusions SF induces activation of T cells with production of ROS and TBA. Linolenic acid does not activate the T cells but inhibits GL- or SF-induced activation. Unlike SF, UF has an inhibitory effect on activation of T cells and production of ROS and lipid peroxidation.
Advantages of hypothermic potassium cardioplegia and superiority of continuous versus intermittent aortic cross-clamping.

The relative effectiveness of hypothermic potassium (K) cardioplegia in conjunction with either continuous or intermittent aortic cross-clamping was evaluated in 20 mongrel dogs. Isovolumetric left ventricular (LV) contractions and myocardial biopsies were obtained before and after a total of 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping. The dogs were randomly divided into four groups of five dogs each as follows: Group I, continuous 90 minute cross-clamping and multidose K at 4° C (40 mEq/L); Group II, intermittent cross-clamping consisting of six 15 minute periods of cross-clamping separated by 5 minute reperfusion periods and K cardioplegia at 4° C given at the start of each cross-clamp period; Group III, continuous 90 minute cross-clamping and multidose buffered saline at 4° C; Group IV, intermittent cross-clamping, consisting of six 15 minute periods of cross-clamping separated by 5 minute reperfusion periods and buffered saline at 4° C given at the initiation of each cross-clamp period. Group I dogs had the best myocardial performance, with no difference between control values of peak LV pressure and dP/dtmax and those recordings obtained 60 minutes after release of the aortic cross-clamp. Significant depression of LV function was noted in all other groups. Examination of force-velocity and length-tension relationships confirmed better myocardial performance in Groups I and II (multidose K at 4° C) than in Groups III and IV (buffered saline at 4° C). Groups I and III (continuous cross-clamping) had no decrease in diastolic LV compliance after cross-clamping, whereas compliance was decreased in both Groups II and IV (intermittent cross-clamping) at higher preloads (p
Platinum resistance. Experimental and clinical status.

It has become clear that multiple mechanisms of cellular resistance to platinum compounds exist; however, the knowledge that platinum resistance can not only be explained by processes such as reduced drug accumulation, and increased detoxification, has shifted the attention of researchers to more molecular mechanisms. The introduction of new techniques, such as the PCR technique for example, has opened the possibility to monitor genes involved in antitumor responses and may provide molecular information on the emergence of resistance.
Adsorption of Cholera and Heat-Labile Escherichia coli Enterotoxins by Various Adsorbents: an In Vitro Study.

A variety of common inorganic adsorbents representing aluminas, zeolites, phyllosilicate clays, silica, and carbon were compared for their abilities to adsorb cholera toxin (CT) and heat-labile (LT) Escherichia coli enterotoxin. An appropriate assay system for the enterotoxins was developed using the Y-1 mouse-adrenal-tumor cell line, End points were determined by counting the number of rounded (cytotonic) cells at the relevant dilution. The adsorption varied between 177.0 × 106 and 109.6 × 102 CYTU (cytotonic titer unit) for CT with charcoal and boehmite respectively, and between 60.7 × 104 and 180.4 × 101 CYTU for LT with charcoal and boehmite respectively. Several of the other materials adsorbed CT and LT well, particularly attapulgite and sodium bentonite. The tightness of CT and LT binding to sodium bentonite and charcoal was determined by washing the adsorbent-enterotoxin pellets. Both toxins were strongly adsorbed, with dissociation of only 46.3 × 10° CYTU (<0.01 %) of the bound CT from sodium bentonite and 18.0× 101 CYTU (0.06%) of the bound LT from charcoal. The clay and charcoal pellets were assayed for their cytotonicity. Most of the activity of the adsorbed enterotoxins was lost: 93.1 and 89.6% for CT with sodium bentonite and charcoal, respectively, and 93.8 and 85.9% for LT with sodium bentonite and charcoal, respectively. The effect of dietary protein (casein) in enterotoxin adsorption by clay was also investigated. One percent casein (when adsorbed to sodium bentonite clay) completely blocked the adsorption of CT. When this protein-clay complex was treated with enzymes present in pancreatin, the digestive effect on the casein was sufficient to permit the adsorption of 137.6 × 101 CYTU of CT, although most of the blocking effect of casein remained. Further in vitro studies are needed to model the stomach, pancreatic, and intestinal digestive systems for determining if dietary proteins can block CT adsorption by clay in vivo. These results extend and support previously published data, obtained experimentally in rabbit and rat intestinal loops and from studies of children suffering spontaneous diarrhea, on the beneficial role of clays and other inorganic adsorbents in controlling enterotoxin activity.
Influence of predeprivation diet nutrient density and sodium chloride content on nutrient losses and repletion in lambs

Six crossbred lambs (32+/-2 kg) in a 6 x 6 Latin square design were used to determine the effects of predeprivation diet nutrient density and NaCl content on nutrient losses during periods of feed and water deprivation and nutrient repletion. Treatments consisted of two predeprivation dietary nutrient densities (low [LOW] and moderate [MOD]) and three NaCI intakes (0, 2, or 4 g/d) in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. During the 4-d predeprivation phase, lambs fed the M0D diet had greater (P .10) total retention of water, Na, or K for the overall 14-d sampling period. Predeprivation salt intakes affected Na and K losses during a simulated marketing-transport period. However, after 7 d on the realimentation diet, predeprivation diet nutrient density and NaCl intake did not affect the balance of these nutrients.
Core Intuitions About Persons Coexist and Interfere With Acquired Christian Beliefs About God

This study tested the hypothesis that in the minds of adult religious adherents, acquired beliefs about the extraordinary characteristics of God coexist with, rather than replace, an initial representation of God formed by co-option of the evolved person concept. In three experiments, Christian religious adherents were asked to evaluate a series of statements for which core intuitions about persons and acquired Christian beliefs about God were consistent (i.e., true according to both [e.g., “God has beliefs that are true”] or false according to both [e.g., “All beliefs God has are false”]) or inconsistent (i.e., true on intuition but false theologically [e.g., “God has beliefs that are false”] or false on intuition but true theologically [e.g., “All beliefs God has are true”]). Participants were less accurate and slower to respond to inconsistent versus consistent statements, suggesting that the core intuitions both coexisted alongside and interfered with the acquired beliefs (Experiments 1 and 2). In Experiment 2 when responding under time pressure participants were disproportionately more likely to make errors on inconsistent versus consistent statements than when responding with no time pressure, suggesting that the resolution of interference requires cognitive resources the functioning of which decreases under cognitive load. In Experiment 3 a plausible alternative interpretation of these findings was ruled out by demonstrating that the response accuracy and time differences on consistent versus inconsistent statements occur for God—a supernatural religious entity—but not for a natural religious entity (a priest).
New Block-Based Local-Texture-Dependent Correlation Model of Digitized Natural Video

We revisit the classic problem of developing a spatial correlation model for natural images and video by proposing a conditional correlation model for relatively nearby pixels that is dependent upon four parameters. The conditioning is on local texture and the conditional correlation model is presented for each of the nine 4 by 4 intra-modes used in the AVC/H.264 video coding standard. We use this conditional correlation model to calculate the conditional rate distortion function when universal side information is available at both the encoder and the decoder. We demonstrate that this side information, when available, can save as much as 2 bits per pixel for selected videos at low distortions.
Death and the Media: Infectious Disease Reporting During the Health Transition

In the late 19th Century, cities in Western Europe and the United States suffered from high levels of infectious disease. Over a 40 year period, there was a dramatic decline in infectious disease deaths in cities. As such objective progress in urban quality of life took place, how did the media report this trend? At that time newspapers were the major source of information educating urban households about the risks they faced. By constructing a unique panel data base, we find that news reports were positively associated with government announced typhoid mortality counts and the size of this effect actually grew after the local governments made large investments in public water works to reduce typhoid rates. News coverage was more responsive to unexpected increases in death rates than to unexpected decreases in death rates.
Culture + Cyber: Exploring the Relationship

Distinguished social psychologist Geert Hofstede observed, “This dominance of technology over culture is an illusion. The software of the machines may be globalized, but the software of the minds that use them is not.” The role of culture in the thought process is prevalent, yet unstated, that many cultural beliefs and biases are accepted as truths. Cultural beliefs and biases are incorporated into the thought process where they reveal themselves in patterns of thought. Once the thought patterns are established they may be observed in the digital trail that results from online interactions. Once captured online, the behaviors can be reviewed and examined in multiple ways so that researchers can gain new insights.
The power of locality domains in phonology

Domains play an integral role in linguistic theories. This paper combines locality domains with current models of the computational complexity of phonology. The first result is that if a specific formalism – strictly piecewise grammars – is supplemented with a mechanism to enforce first-order definable domain restrictions, its power increases so much that it subsumes almost the full hierarchy of subregular languages. However, if domain restrictions are based on linguistically natural intervals, we instead obtain an empirically more adequate model. On the one hand, this model subsumes only those subregular classes that have been argued to be relevant for phonotactic generalisations. On the other hand, it excludes unnatural generalisations that involve counting or elaborate conditionals. It is also shown that strictly piecewise grammars with interval-based domains are theoretically learnable, unlike those with arbitrary, first-order domains.
Nonlinear Equatorial Waves

Nonlinearity spawns a plethora of phenomena. In weakly nonlinear theory, each wave has the Hermite function latitudinal structure of infinitesimal amplitude waves and likewise the vertical structure of a baroclinic eigenfunction. East-west, equatorial waves are free both to propagate and also to evolve; the zonal-and-time amplitude function, A(x, t), satisfies one of several generic PDEs or PDE systems. Each one-space-dimensional PDE is derived by the method of multiple scales or other singular perturbation procedure. In the absence of mean currents, the Kelvin mode is nondispersive, steepens and “breaks” when the slope becomes vertical; \(A^{no shear}_{Kelvin}(x,t)\) evolves in obedience to the physics of the inviscid Burgers’ equation. Mean currents induce weak dispersion and the Kelvin wave then forms roundish solitary waves with a longitude-and-time structure described by the Korteweg-deVries (KdV) equation. Rossby waves are weakly dispersive, and only weakly dispersive, with or without mean currents, and the latitudinally symmetric modes are governed by the KdV equation, too. The \(n=1\) Rossby soliton is stable even for large amplitude, a pair of contra-rotating anticyclones that resembles middle latitude vortex pairs (“modons”; “Lamb-Chaplygin dipoles”), even to a volume of recirculating fluid, trapped within the coherent structure, if the amplitude is sufficiently large. Higher mode Rossby solitons are “weakly nonlocal” in the sense that they radiatively decay by emitting zonally-sinusoidal waves of smaller latitudinal mode number whose amplitude is an exponential function of the reciprocal of the amplitude of the soliton. This exponentially small radiation lies “beyond-all-orders” in the amplitude parameter and therefore must be calculated by “exponential asymptotics”. Lastly, selected numerical studies of idealized nonlinear wave dynamics, not necessarily small amplitude, are reviewed.
Effects of emotion and topic area on topic shifts in social media discussions

Nowadays, discussing and commenting interactively on an article in Internet-based social media platforms is pervasive. The topic of a comment/reply in these discussions occasionally shifts, sometimes drastically and abruptly, other times slightly, away from the topic of the article. In this paper, we model and study the topic shift phenomena in article-originated social media comments, and identify quantitatively the effects on topic shifts of comments’ (1) emotion levels (of various emotion dimensions), (2) topic areas, and (3) the structure of the discussion tree. We then propose and evaluate a new approach to measure and visualize named emotion scores of comment sets. We show that, with a better understanding of the topic shift phenomena in comments, personalized automated systems can be built to cater to comment-browsing and comment-viewing needs of different users.
Seeking for Your Own Sake: Chinese Citizens’ Motivations for Information Seeking About Air Pollution

Based on data from a Qualtrics panel, this study examines Chinese citizens’ motivations for information seeking about air pollution. Results from structural equation modelling indicate that informa...
Atrial resynchronization therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with and without systolic left ventricular dysfunction: a pilot study

We examined the long-term (≥ 5 years) outcomes of dual-site atrial pacing (DAP) when added to background antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) and/or ablation in patients with refractory atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). Seventy-three patients with HF (mean NYHA HF class of 2.5) and AF refractory to AADs and/or ablation were implanted with DAP systems to achieve biatrial electrical and mechanical resynchronization (ART) and rhythm control (RC). Thirty-eight patients with refractory AF and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and 35 with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were enrolled. HFpEF patients had higher left ventricular ejection fraction compared to HFrEF (53 ± 5 vs. 31 ± 10% p < 0.001). Median follow-up for survival was 9.3 years (mean 9.0 years, SE 0.63) and was similar across subgroups (p = 0.127). After DAP, 87% maintained RC with improvement in NYHA HF class (mean 1.8) at 3 years. RC was similar in HFpEF compared with HFrEF patients (89 vs. 85% respectively, p = NS) and in paroxysmal versus persistent AF (90 vs. 85% respectively, p = NS). Total survival was superior in HFpEF compared HFrEF patients (75% in HFpEF vs. 45% in HFrEF at 5 years, and 60% in HFpEF vs. 34% in HFrEF at 10 years, p = 0.036). Survival trended to be better in patients with RC than those without RC (75 vs. 54% respectively at 5 years, p = .13). ART using DAP as add on therapy improved HF and established long-term RC in many patients with HFrEF and HFpEF with refractory AF. Long-term survival rates were superior in HFpEF than HFrEF.
A Content Analysis of the Privacy Policies of Cloud Computing Services.

ABSTRACT Cloud computing is increasingly popular across all sectors and offers users unparalleled scalability, elasticity, and flexibility. However, the rapid transition toward cloud computing has ...
Error Probabilities and Relationships in Assembly and Maintenance of Aircraft Engines

Aircraft engine maintenance errors recorded during commercial revenue operation (field operation) share common causes and outcomes as those documented in original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and m...
Self-Compassion as a Christian Spiritual Practice:

One of the human dynamics that spiritual formation must address is the set of messages that play over and over in our minds. This self-talk or personal commentary frames our reactions to life and i...
Robotic Abdominoperineal Resection: Cylindrical and Selective Cylindrical Approach

This chapter will review the specific advantages that robotic technology has to offer when performing abdominoperineal resection (APR), which historically has been considered a challenging operation. Several operative techniques will be discussed, including (1) robotic rectal mobilization with conventional perineal dissection, (2) the use of transabdominal levator and extralevator transection to simplify the perineal dissection, and (3) selective eccentric extralevator transection for eccentrically located tumors.
Design and Evaluation of a Practical, High Performance Crossbar Scheduler

The Least Occupied Output First (LOOFA) scheduler is one of several unbuffered crossbar schedulers that provides strong performance guarantees when operated with a speedup of 2 or more. Because LOOFA requires the computation of a maximal matching, it has been considered too slow for use in systems with link rates of 10 Gb/s or more. This paper studies an approximate variant of LOOFA described briefly in [16]. We introduce a general family of schedulers that allows for partial sorting and that includes the LOOFA scheduler as a special case. We show that all schedulers in this class are work-conserving and use this to provide insight into the operation of the Approximate LOOFA scheduler and a stronger motivation for its use. We provide a detailed design of the ALOOFA scheduler in order to evaluate its implementation complexity and performance characteristics. We also introduce a simple, natural lower bound on the performance of crossbar schedulers and use it to show that a previously proposed “stress test” traffic pattern is in fact difficult to schedule well. Our result implies that non-trivial speedups are required for ideal worst-case scheduling performance, something that has been generally assumed to be true, but never conclusively demonstrated. We also compare the performance of both LOOFA variants to our lower bound on stress test traffic and observe that for speedups between 1 and 2, the performance of both variants stays within 25% of the lower bound, and that the performance characteristics Type of Report: Other Department of Computer Science & Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1045 St. Louis, MO 63130 ph: (314) 935-6160 Design and Evaluation of a Practical, High Performance Crossbar Scheduler Jonathan Turner jon.turner@wustl.edu
Sample distance and observer characteristic effects on corn rootworm beetles counts in corn and resource allocation optimization in corn rootworm insecticide trials

16 Introduction 16 Materials and Methods 18 Results 20 Discussion 21 Acknowledgement 23 References Cited 23 Appendix 32 THE INFLUENCE OF STATURE AND STATUS ON INTER-OBSERVER SAMPLING VARIATION IN COUNTS OF ADULT CORN ROOTWORMS 38 Abstract 38 Introduction 38 Materials and Methods 40 Results 41
Can mechanical forces attune heterotypic cell-cell communications?

Abstract Heterotypic cell lineages relentlessly exchange biomechanical signals among themselves in metazoan organs. Hence, cell–cell communications are pivotal for organ physiology and pathogenesis. Every cell lineage of an organ responds differently to a specific signal due to its unique receptibility and signal interpretation capacity. These distinct cellular responses generate a system-scale signaling network that helps in generating a specific organ phenotype. Although the reciprocal biochemical signal exchange between non-identical neighboring cells is known to be an essential factor for organ functioning, if, then how, mechanical cues incite these signals is not yet quite explored. Cells within organ tissues experience multiple mechanical forces, such as stretching, bending, compression, and shear stress. Forms and magnitudes of mechanical forces influence biochemical signaling in a cell-specific manner. Additionally, the biophysical state of acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) can transmit exclusive mechanical cues to specific cells of an organ. As it scaffolds heterotypic cells and tissues in close proximities, therefore, ECM can easily be contemplated as a mechanical conduit for signal exchange among them. However, force-stimulated signal transduction is not always physiological, aberrant force sensing by tissue-resident cells can transduce anomalous signals to each other, and potentially can promote pathological phenotypes. Herein, I attempt to put forward a perspective on how mechanical forces may influence signal transductions among heterotypic cell populations and how they feedback each other to achieve a transient or perpetual alteration in metazoan organs. A mechanistic insight of organ scale mechanotransduction can emanate the possibility of finding potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies to deal with pathogenesis and organ regeneration.
Textual Features in Bibliotherapy: Applying a Mixed-Methods Approach to Collection Development

Our socio-cognitive evolution has allowed us to develop those skills necessary for navigating the complexities inherent in social situations, permitting us to understand, among other things, another’s state of mind. While recent research from the neurosciences suggest that reading fiction may improve our socio-cognitive abilities, what is known as theory of mind (ToM) processing, no studies have identified the specific textual features that recruit these processes. (Dodell-Feder & Tamir, 2018; Kidd & Castano, 2013; Kidd, Ongis, & Castano 2017; Tamir, et al., 2017). Discovering those textual features that activate our ToM processing is of interest to the field of library and information science since it may be used for collection development purposes, especially in the practice of bibliotherapy. To test this hypothesis, this paper employed a mixed-methods approach in order to identify those specific textual features that engage our ToM processes. This study found that a small group of texts known to activate ToM processing shared certain textual features, and that these textual features can then be used to locate previously unidentified books useful for bibliotherapy.
Short-Term Outcomes Following Removal of Infected Hernia Mesh.

There are limited studies regarding outcomes of replacing an infected mesh with another mesh. We reviewed short-term outcomes following infected mesh removal and whether placement of new mesh is as...
Hybrid Fabrication Method for Microfluidic Channels Within a Polymer Nanocomposite for Neural Interfacing Applications

Microfluidic intracortical neural probes were developed using a mechanically-adaptive polymer nanocomposite. Three different microfluidic channel fabrication methods were explored: Emboss-only, Mold-only, and a hybrid Mold/Emboss method. Films produced from each method were inspected and characterized using microscopy and profilometry. Further, we studied the ability of each approach to produce probes with functional microfluidic channels. The results indicate that the hybrid Mold/Emboss method had the highest fidelity transfer of the channel pattern to the polymer nanocomposite and was most successful in producing functional microfluidic probes. This process will help to increase the functionality and long-term viability and reliability of NC neural probes.
Electrocardiogram Analysis of Post-Stroke Elderly People Using One-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network Model with Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping

Background and purposes: Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally after ischemic heart disease, also a risk factor of cardioembolic stroke. Thus, we postulate that heartbeats encapsulate vital signals related to stroke. With the rapid advancement of deep neural networks (DNNs), it emerges as a powerful tool to decipher intriguing heartbeat patterns associated with post-stroke patients. In this study, we propose the use of a one-dimensional convolutional network (1D-CNN) architecture to build a binary classifier that distinguishes electrocardiogram s (ECGs) between the post-stroke and the stroke-free. Methods: We have built two 1D-CNNs that were used to identify distinct patterns from an openly accessible ECG dataset collected from elderly post-stroke patients. In addition to prediction accuracy, which is the primary focus of existing ECG deep neural network methods, we have utilized Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (GRAD-CAM) to ease model interpretation by uncovering ECG patterns captured by our model. Results: Our stroke model has achieved ~90% accuracy and 0.95 area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. Findings suggest that the core PQRST complex alone is important but not sufficient to differentiate the post-stroke and the stroke-free. Conclusions: We have developed an accurate stroke model using the latest DNN method. Importantly, our work has illustrated an approach to enhance model interpretation, overcoming the black-box issue facing DNN, fostering higher user confidence and adoption of DNN in medicine.
A Needs Assessment of Congregation and Clergy Roles in Serving Military Families

In this study of 45 clergy in a military town, the role congregations have, if any, in providing pastoral care to military congregants and their family members was examined, along with the professional development needs of clergy who serve military families and the roles social workers who specialize in military social work can play in meeting those needs. Although 93.3% of respondents said they provide pastoral counseling to military families, only 35.6% said their church has a military ministry. The number one topic (80.5%) out of 16 that military families wanted to discuss during pastoral counseling was marital discord.
Operating Experience and Teardown Analysis for Engines Operated on Biodiesel Blends (B20)

In this study, eight engines and fuel systems were removed from trucks operating on B20 or diesel. Results indicate little difference in operational and maintenance costs between the B20- and diesel.
Physiological Effects of Retrograded, α-Amylase-Resistant Cornstarch in Rats

Retrograded amylose was prepared by gelatinization of high amylose cornstarch, followed by storage at 1 degrees C for 48 h. The insoluble residue, which resisted hydrolysis with porcine amylase, was dried and fed to male Wistar rats for 14 d in powdered semisynthetic diet. Control rats received a similar diet containing sucrose in place of resistant starch. Fecal collections were performed throughout the feeding period. After 14 d the animals were killed. The small intestine and cecum were removed for morphological examination, measurement of small intestinal crypt cell production rate (CCPR) and analysis of luminal carbohydrate content. Blood samples were collected for analysis of cholesterol, glucagon, and enteroglucagon. In the starch-fed rats, fecal bulk and excretion of starch were higher than in the controls, but they declined markedly over the feeding period. Cecal size and contents were also greater in the starch-fed rats, and cecal pH was significantly lower. The CCPR was 66% higher in the ileum of the starch-fed rats (P less than 0.001), but there was no difference in the jejunum. There were no differences in serum cholesterol or enteroglucagon levels. We conclude that retrograded amylose is partially degraded in the alimentary tract of rats, but it contributes significantly to fecal bulk.
Optimal Design of Furrow Length of Surface Irrigation

The furrow length design of an irrigation system can be optimized by analyzing overall irrigation system cost when the infiltration intensity function of soils, advance function of inflow stream inside the furrow, and other pertinent information are known. Computer programs were coded for obtaining optimal solution. The curves of cost functions usually have gentle slope close to optimum furrow length when stream size is fixed (advance function known). Therefore, the designer does have limited freedom of choosing a suitable furrow length without incurring extremely high cost. The length of furrow which falls in the interval where cost vary less or equal to 5% of the optimal or the minimum cost is defined arbitrarily as adequate length. Results showed that the irrigation application efficiency is a function of furrow length. Comparison of ordinary system and a cutback system was also conducted. The developed optimization technique can also be used to determine the length of the border.