cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron plasma oscillations associated with type III radio emissions and solar electrons

An extensive study of the IMP-6 and IMP-8 plasma and radio wave data was performed to try to find electron plasma oscillations associated with type III radio noise bursts and low-energy solar electrons. It is shown that electron plasma oscillations are seldom observed in association with solar electron events and type III radio bursts at 1.0 AU. For the one case in which electron plasma oscillations are definitely produced by the electrons ejected by the solar flare the electric field strength is relatively small. Electromagnetic radiation, believed to be similar to the type III radio emission, is observed coming from the region of the more intense electron plasma oscillations upstream. Quantitative calculations of the rate of conversion of the plasma oscillation energy to electromagnetic radiation are presented for plasma oscillations excited by both solar electrons and electrons from the bow shock. These calculations show that neither the type III radio emissions nor the radiation from upstream of the bow shock can be adequately explained by a current theory for the coupling of electron plasma oscillations to electromagnetic radiation.
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 and SIRT4 regulate glial development

Congenital hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is caused by an activation mutation of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1), a mitochondrial enzyme responsible for the reversible interconversion between glutamate and α-ketoglutarate. The syndrome presents clinically with hyperammonemia, significant episodic hypoglycemia, seizures, and a frequent incidences of developmental and learning defects. Clinical research has implicated that although some of the developmental and neurological defects may be attributed to hypoglycemia, some characteristics cannot be ascribed to low glucose and as hyperammonemia is generally mild and asymptomatic, there exists the possibility that altered GDH1 activity within the brain leads to some clinical changes. GDH1 is allosterically regulated by many factors, and has been shown to be inhibited by the ADP-ribosyltransferase sirtuin 4 (SIRT4), a mitochondrially localized sirtuin. Here we show that SIRT4 is localized to mitochondria within the brain. SIRT4 is highly expressed in glial cells, specifically astrocytes, in the postnatal brain and in radial glia during embryogenesis. Furthermore, SIRT4 protein decreases in expression during development. We show that factors known to allosterically regulate GDH1 alter gliogenesis in CTX8 cells, a novel radial glial cell line. We find that SIRT4 and GDH1 overexpression play antagonistic roles in regulating gliogenesis and that a mutant variant of GDH1 found in HI/HA patients accelerates the development of glia from cultured radial glia cells.
Hybridizing nonmonotonic inheritance with theorem proving

Theorem proving techniques and inheritance are often thought of as quite different reasoning styles. This paper concentrates on similarities between the two. It suggests a criterion for when an inheritance consequence relation can be integrated coherently with a stronger logical consequence relation, and develops in some detail one way in which a nonmonotonic inheritance network could be integrated with a Gentzen-style theorem prover for the Boolean connectives.
Attenuation of lymphoid leukosis enhancement by serotype 2 Marek's disease virus

Summary Serotype 2 Marek's disease virus (MDV), already known to augment the protective efficacy of turkey herpes virus (HVT) vaccine against MD, may also enhance the frequency of lymphoid leukosis (LL) in retrovirus‐infected chickens of certain strains. LL enhancement refers to an increase in frequency and decrease in latent period for development of LL, and is measured by comparison of tumour responses in retro‐virus‐infected, MD‐vaccinated chickens to those of retrovirus‐infected control chickens. LL enhancement has been documented with both of the serotype 2 MDV strains tested thus far. These experiments were conducted to investigate whether LL enhancement ability varied within a larger collection of serotype 2 strains or was influenced by serial passage in cell culture. Each of seven low‐passage serotype 2 MDV strains enhanced LL responses. The HN‐1 strain was competent for LL enhancement at passage 19, but LL enhancement ability was absent at passages 26, 27 and 40. Enhancement of LL by strains 471B...
Conjugated Polymers of Fused Bithiophenes with Enhanced π-Electron Delocalization for Photovoltaic Applications

We designed and synthesized a family of three structurally related conjugated alternating copolymers, namely poly[2,6-(4,4-dioctyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b]dithiophene)-alt-2,7-(4,5-dioctylbenzo[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene)] (PBDT), poly[2,6-(4,4-dioctyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene)-alt-2,9-(5,6-dioctylnaphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene)] (PNDT), and poly[2,6-(4,4-dioctyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene)-alt-6,9-(2,3-bis((S)-2,6-dimethylheptyl)dithieno[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline] (PQDT). The repeating units of these three copolymers consist of two modified bithiophene units with one of them planarized by bridging benzo, naphtho, and quinoxalino segments, respectively. The 2,6-(4,4-dioctyl-4H-cyclopenta)[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene moieties were introduced as the other bithiophene unit to improve the solubility of resultant copolymers, facilitating the polymers characterization and photovoltaic devices fabrications. All polymers were fully characterized, and their applications as donor materials ...
Thin-film shape-memory materials for high-temperature applications

Many applications of shape-memory alloys (SMAs) are likely to require development of alloys having much higher martensite transformation temperatures than are currently available. This article reviews recent reports on a few promising systems, with emphasis on sputtered films in the NiTiX group. NiTiX is a name for the ternary ordered substitutional solutions of Hf, Zr, Au, Pd, or Pt, in the β-NiTi lattice. These have been the most extensively studied compounds and the only high-temperature SMAs yet fabricated as thin films. For films, the exaggerated kinetics of physical vapor deposition and the generous surfaces of the planar form confer economic and technical advantages, especially in cases involving costly additions or troublesome solidification issues. The outlook for technically useful SMAs operating at up to 240°C is quite good. Operation at temperatures above 500°C may be possible, but issues of thermal stability will pose significant challenges.
Promotion of primary care screening in obstetrics and gynecology residency training

Abstract We studied the effectiveness of a paper checklist prompt in improving obstetric/gynecologic residents' documentation and implementation of preventive health care procedures among women aged 40 years and older presenting for an annual examination. The study hypothesized that the presence of a prompt sheet would increase compliance with the performance and documentation of recommended primary care procedures in a residency setting. Eight obstetric/gynecologic residents, postgraduate year II–IV, participated in this prospective cohort study. A 10-item checklist prompt sheet of American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists-recommended preventive procedures was placed nonsystematically in the front of eligible patients' charts. Residents in the study group received the checklist and were instructed to use it as a reminder to perform procedures and counseling and as a tool to document completion of those tasks. Residents consulted with 104 women aged 40 years and older who presented for their annual examinations between September 1995 and June 1996. Of those patients, 19% were seen by a resident in the study group. Residents in the study group were significantly more likely to perform and document procedures than residents in either control group. Based on the data from this study, we concluded that simple prompt sheets inserted in patients' charts effectively remind physicians to perform important preventive procedures.
GIVE AND TAKE AMONG THE RURAL POOR

In the past, social exchange based on reciprocity has been important to the ways in which people in rural areas have made their living. Our study shows that contemporary reciprocal labor exchanges continue to be integral to the ways in which households sustain themselves economically and socially. However, unlike the relations of reciprocity of the past, which were based upon accomplishing harvest work among neighboring dairy farms, the current patterns of exchange are situational and contingent, and often embedded in kin and other social networks, rather than immediate neighbors. Understanding reciprocity reveals a fundamental element in the livelihood strategies of low‐income, land‐based, rural people.
CONTINUOUS NEGATIVE PRESSURE IN HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE: EARLY VERSUS LATE ONSET

Nineteen infants with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) were studied to determine if the time of initiation of continuous negative pressure(CNP) affected the course of the disease. All infants had an initial PaO2 between 50-100mmHg on 0.7FiO2. They were then randomly assigned to one of two groups: the early-onset group (n=9, mean B.W. 1626 Grams) started on CNP while the PaO2 was between 50-100mmHg on 0.7FiO2; the late-onset group (n=10, mean B.W. 1866 Grams) started on CNP after the PaO2 fell below 50mmHg on 0.7FiO2. Results are as follows: The early-onset group responded better to CNP in terms of the initial increase in PaO2 (ΔPaO2), required a shorter period of oxygen therapy, and needed a shorter period of ventilatory assistance which consisted only of CNP. Three of the late-onset group required mechanical ventilation and four had either pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, patent ductus arteriosus requiring ligation, or right diaphragmatic paralysis. There were no complications in the early-onset group. This study indicates that it is desirable to begin CNP as soon as possible in infants witli HMD.
Antimicrobial Activity of 1% Cetylpyridinium Chloride Against Listeria spp. on Fish

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) was evaluated as an antimicrobial against Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and Listeria innocua (LI) on fish. LI and LM showed the same reduction profile and the same minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. When CPC was applied to a diced fish matrix, reductions of 3.17–3.26 and 3.07–3.19 log were determined for LI and LM, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of CPC against LI resulted in initial reductions of 2.8–3.1 log in fresh fish fillets, 0.9–1.1 log in smoked fish fillets, and 3.2–3.4 log on fish skin. Effectiveness of CPC against total plate counts on fish skin showed reductions of 2.4–2.9 log.
Titelbild: Compartmentalization of Chemically Separated Components into Droplets (Angew. Chem. 15/2009)

Elektroosmotische Tropfchenerzeugung in Kombination mit Kapillarelektrophorese ermoglicht die Kompartimentalisierung molekularer Komponenten in einem Tropfchenstrom, wie D. T. Chiu et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 2757 ff. berichten und wie das Titelbild illustriert. Die tropfchenweise separierten Banden konnen entweder auf einem Chip untersucht oder isoliert und einzeln analysiert werden.
Matter Fields on a Two-Sheeted Space-Time

As a prelude to the standard model in curved space time, we present a model of a left- and a right- chiral field living on a two-sheeted space-time. The resulting action functionals include novel interactions due to extended gravity.
Anything but beryllium: the beryllium industry's corruption of safety information.

To the Editor: Beryllium manufacturers have long recognized the relationship between marketing, compensation claims and fear of Be toxicity. In response, they sponsored researchers who manipulated and influenced medical literature to minimize the consequences of Be exposure to workers and members of the community. This dates back to the 1940s, when the Atomic Energy Council(AEC)Advisory Board on Medicine and Biology established the following policy: "If specific locations or activities of the Atomic Energy Commission and/or its contractors are closely associated with statements and information which would invite or tend to encourage claims against the Atomic Energy Commission or its contractors, such portions of articles to be published should be reworded or deleted" [AEC memo, 1947].
ORBITING CLUSTERS IN ATOMIC NUCLEI

Abstract As an alternative to their description as vibrational levels, the low excited states of even-even nuclei can be described as rotational states of a helion, dineutron, diproton, or other cluster about the rest of the nucleus, leading to reasonable values of the average distance between centers of the clusters. Some states involve rotational excitation of two or more helions or other clusters. The nature of the rotating clusters is determined by the relation of the neutron and proton numbers to the magic numbers.
Benefits of a Sport-specific Warm-up in Physical Education

(2004). Benefits of a Sport-specific Warm-up in Physical Education. Strategies: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 13-15.
Hydrothermal processing of Pacific chum salmon: effects on texture and in-vitro digestibility

Pacific chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) muscle was subjected to hydrothermal treatment (60-100 C) for different time intervals (0-40 min). The texture of raw and heat treated muscles were determined using texture profile analysis. Hardness, cohesiveness, springiness (or elasticity), and chewiness of heat treated fish muscle were higher than those for raw muscle. Increase in time or temperature of treatment increased these textural attributes. However, softening of muscle, as indicated by the decrease in hardness, springiness and chewiness values, occurred with prolonged heating at higher temperatures (90-100 C). Muscle cohesiveness was fairly unaffected by processing temperatures. In vitro digestibility of chum salmon muscle protein remained unaltered by thermal processing for the time-temperature combinations studied
High-sensitivity isotope analysis with a 252Cf-235U fueled subcritical multiplier and low background photon detector systems

A /sup 252/Cf activation analysis facility has been developed for routine multielement analysis of a wide variety of solid and liquid samples. The facility contains six sources of /sup 252/Cf totaling slightly over 100 mg. These sources are placed in a 93 percent /sup 235/U-enriched uranium core which is subcritical with a K effective of 0.985 (multiplication factor of 66). The system produces a thermal flux on the order of 10/sup +1/ neutrons per square centimeter per second. A pneumatic rabbit system permits automatic irradiation, decay, and counting regimes to be performed unattended on the samples. The activated isotopes are analyzed through their photon emissions with state-of-the-art intrinsic Ge detectors, Ge(Li) detectors, and NaI(Tl) multidimensional gamma ray spectrometers. High efficiency (25 percent), low background, anticoincidence shielded Ge(Li) gamma ray detector systems have been constructed to provide the lowest possible background, yet maintain a peak to Compton ratio of greater than 1000 to 1. The multidimensional gamma ray spectrometer systems are composed of 23 cm diameter x 20 cm thick NaI(Tl) crystals surrounded by NaI(Tl) anticoincidence shields. The detection limits for over 65 elements have been determined for this system. Over 40 elements are detectable at the 1 part per millionmore » level at a precision of +-10 percent.« less
The role of bioinformatics in developing clinical practice guidelines: principles and opportunities

Clinical practice guidelines were developed by the professional organizations to provide standards of safe, effective, appropriate, equitable, affordable diagnostic and therapeutic care to promote the best yield at the least cost; to the patient, payers, health care professionals as well as to the healthcare system. One major objective of these guidelines is to prevent serious and/or harmful events in the course of disease. From a process analysis standpoint, such events are considered “errors” and should be investigated in accordance with the guidelines and tools for accident investigation. These tools include Process Mapping, Root-Cause Analysis, Influence Diagrams and Predictive Modeling methodology. The underlying principle is that all biologic environments are complex environments, involving a multitude of individual processes following multiple pathways and under the influence of numerous factors at multiple levels; as opposed to a single-axis main process line of the Ishikawa diagram. Process mapping mandates a thorough understanding of the multi-linear, inter-dependent and overlapping pathways involved in the genesis and maintenance of disease. Through this approach, the impact of various factors on the end-result can be more adequately assessed. More robust utilization of registry data is essential for comprehensive and complete data collection and organization. A probability-based predictive model may be best suited to incorporate all relevant factors, including others recognized in the future.
Jogger's fracture and other stress fractures of the lumbo-sacral spine

The posterior rings of the lower lumbo-sacral vertebrae are subject to stress fractures at any part — pedicle, pars, or lamina. The site of fracture is apparently determined by the axis of weight bearing. The three illustrative clinical examples cited include a jogger with a laminar fracture, a ballet dancer with pedicle fractures, and a nine-year-old boy with fractures of pars and lamina.
Population dynamics of the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa: The costs and benefits of an aggregated distribution.

Although mussel beds are common in many intertidal habitats, the ecological significance of the aggregated distribution of mussels has not been examined. The ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa, is found in dense aggregations on the seaward margin of many salt marshes in New England. Here, we examine the population structure of G. demissa in a New England salt marsh and investigate experimentally the costs and benefits of aggregation.
Sustainable development: a critical review

Abstract Over the past few years, “Sustainable Development” (SD) has emerged as the latest development catchphrase. A wide range of nongovernmental as well as governmental organizations have embraced it as the new paradigm of development. A review of the literature that has sprung up around the concept of SD indicates, however, a lack of consistency in its interpretation. More important, while the all-encompassing nature of the concept gives it political strength, its current formulation by the mainstream of SD thinking contains significant weaknesses. These include an incomplete perception of the problems of poverty and environmental degradation, and confusion about the role of economic growth and about the concepts of sustainability and participation. How these weaknesses can lead to inadequacies and contradictions in policy making is demonstrated in the context of international trade, agriculture, and forestry. It is suggested that if SD is to have a fundamental impact, politically expedient fuzziness will have to be given up in favor of intellectual clarity and rigor.
The origins of the afferent fibers to the lingual muscles of the dog, a retrograde labelling study with horseradish peroxidase

The origin of the afferent fibers to the lingual muscles of the dog was investigated by means of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from injection sites in the tongue and the extrinsic lingual muscles. Intralingual injections were not satisfactory because the enzyme diffused beyond the intrinsic lingual muscles to include virtually all tissues within the tongue. Thus, the resultant retrograde labeling of cell bodies of the trigeminal, geniculate, glossopharyngeal, vagal, and first cervical (C1) spinal ganglia represented a composite of lingual sensory innervation. In order to confine HRP uptake to intramuscular nerve endings, injections were limited to surgically isolated extrinsic lingual muscles, i.e., the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus. After these intramuscular injections, labeled neurons appeared ipsilaterally in the C1 spinal ganglion, the proximal vagal (jugular) ganglion, and trigeminal ganglion. Earlier suggestions that the lingual proprioceptive neurons of the dog reside in the distal vagal (nodose) ganglion and hypoglossal ganglia were not confirmed. The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve failed to label after enzyme injections into the tongue or the extrinsic lingual muscles. The retrograde labeling of cell bodies in the C1 spinal ganglion was abolished when HRP injections into the extrinsic lingual muscles were preceded by surgical interruption of the ansa cervicalis or distal section of the hypoglossal nerve. Retrograde labeling of neurons in the proximal vagal ganglion persisted after hypoglossal nerve transections.
Functional web accessibility techniques and tools from the university of Illinois

For web developers to create functionally accessible web resources they need more than general guidelines and tools that provide them with lists of manual accessibility checks. Web developers need specific web accessibility techniques and tools that help them verify they have correctly implemented the techniques. The techniques also need to support the wider concepts of the web of interoperability and device independence. The CITES/DRES Functional Web Accessibility Best Practices provide developers with specific techniques and requirements to implement Section 508 and W3C WCAG 1.0 requirements. The use of the Functional Web Accessibility Evaluation (FAE) Tool and the Mozilla/Firefox accessibility extension provide free and open source tools to allow developers to verify they have used the best practices.
Sensitivity-based characterization and optimization of viscoelastically damped honeycomb structures

Control of dynamic vibrations is critical to the operational success of many aerospace systems. Large space structures, for practical reasons, are lightweight and hence highly flexible. This paper addresses the problem of vibration control of such structures through passive damping, using viscoelastic materials. A new sensitivitybased approach to characterize viscoelastic material property variation with frequency is outlined. It is demonstrated that, using structural optimization techniques, viscoelastically damped honeycomb structures can be tailored to provide weight-effective vibration damping. A spacecraft payload mounting platform is used as the demonstration structure.
Many-Body Perturbation Theory Wavelengths of High-n X-Ray Transitions of Fe and Ni L-shell Ions

Using a combined configuration interaction and many-body perturbation theory method, we compute the wavelengths of n → 2 (3 ≤ n ≤ 7) transitions of Fe and Ni L-shell ions. The uncertainties of the results are determined to be a few mA through extensive comparisons with existing laboratory measurements. We provide a complete line list of these X-ray transitions of Fe and Ni and incorporate them in the emissivity tables of the Astrophysical Plasma Emission Database (APED).
[Nle4, D-Phe7]-α-MSH: A superpotent melanotropin with prolonged action on vertebrate chromatophores

The in vitro and in vivo responses of integumental chromatophores to alpha-MSH and a related analogue, [Nle4, D-Phe7] -alpha-MSH, were studied in a number of vertebrate species: the teleost, Lebistes reticulatus; the amphibians, Rana pipiens, R. catesbeiana, Xenopus laevis, Bufo alvarius, and B. cognatus; the lizard, Anolis carolinensis; the rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox. The alpha-melanotropin analogue was a superpotent agonist in the in vitro frog (R. pipiens, R. catesbeiana) and lizard (A. carolinensis) skin bioassays. In all species studied, the analogue exhibited ultraprolonged melanotropic activity, both in vitro and in vivo. This melanotropin and related analogues should prove useful in the study of numerous physiological processes, particularly when prolonged melanotropic activity is desired.
Electrostatically controlled wire-mesh antenna

A satellite-antenna concept is described that permits large-diameter reflectors to be deployed from a single space shuttle payload by using the lightest available reflecting surface. Antenna diameters up to one kilometre are sought for a wire-mesh reflector stretched across a hoop and distended electrostatically into parabolic shape.
Regulation of β-adrenoceptor density and function in rat vas deferens

Abstract β-Adrenoceptor density and responsiveness were examined in rat vas deferens following surgical and pharmacological treatments. Receptor density was measured by Scatchard analysis of saturation isotherms of specific [ 125 I]pindolol ([ 125 I]PIN) binding in membrane homogenates. Functional responsiveness was measured by isoprenaline-induced inhibition of field stimulated (60 V, 1 ms, 0.1 Hz) or 40 mM K + -induced contractions. Four days following surgical denervation of vas deferens there was no change in the density of [ 125 I]PIN binding sites, suggesting that these sites are not located on prejunctional neurons. Neither 7 day bilateral adrenalectomy, 21 day denervation, nor 7 days treatment with 10 mg/kg per day desmethylimipramine caused changes in either the potency of isoprenaline in inhibiting contraction or the density of [ 125 I]PIN binding sites compared to controls. Infusion of 3 mg/kg per day isoprenaline for 8 days significantly reduced the potency of isoprenaline in inhibiting field stimulated contractions, reduced the maximum degree of inhibition, and reduced the density of [ 125 I]PIN binding sites. These results suggest that β-adrenoceptor density and responsiveness in rat vas deferens are not affected by removal of adrenal hormones or neuronal stimulation, but that receptor density and responsiveness can be decreased by increasing the concentration of β-adrenoceptor agonists at the receptor. Therefore, β-adrenoceptors in rat vas deferens probably receive little tonic stimulation under normal circumstances.
Development and characterization of colloidal silica-based slow-release permanganate gel (SRP-G): laboratory investigations.

Abstract Slow-release permanganate ( MnO 4 - ) gel (SRP-G) is a hyper-saline KMnO4 solution that can be used for treating large, dilute, or deep plumes of chlorinated solvents in groundwater. Ideally, the SRP-G injected into aquifers will slowly gelate to form MnO 4 - gel in situ, and the gel will slowly releases MnO 4 - . Objectives of this study were to develop SRP-G using colloidal silica as gelling solution, characterize its gelation and release kinetics, and delineate its dynamics in a saturated sandy media. The SRP-G exhibited a two-phase increase in viscosity: a lag phase characterized by little increase in viscosity followed by a short gelation phase. Gelation lag times of SRP-G solutions increased (from 0.5 h to 13 d) with decreasing KMnO4 concentrations (from 25 to 8 g L−1). Permanganate release from gelated SRP-G increased with increasing KMnO4 concentrations, and was characterized as asymptotic release with initial peak (0.9–2.2 mg min−1) followed by more attenuated release. Gelation lag times of SRP-G flowing in sands (linear velocity = 2.1 m d−1) increased (1, 3, and 6 h) with decreasing KMnO4 concentrations (25.0, 23.0, and 22.9 g L−1). Permanganate release from gelated SRP-Gs continued for up to 3 d and was characterized as asymptotic release with an initial peak release (∼1.2 g min−1) followed by more attenuated release over 70 h. Dilution of SRP-G by dispersion in porous media affects gelation and release kinetics. Increasing the silica concentration in the SRP-G may facilitate gelation and extend the duration of MnO 4 - release from emplaced SRP-G in porous media.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULSATILE AND STEADY FLOW THROUGH A SMOOTH TUBE AND AN ATHEROSCLEROTIC CORONARY ARTERY CASTING OF MAN

Abstract In vitro investigation of pulsatile and steady flows through a smooth, straight circular tube and a diseased human coronary artery cast was conducted with sugar-water solutions simulating the viscosity of blood. Time averaged pressure drops for pulsatile flows measured in the circular tube over a Reynolds number ranging from 50 to 1,000 were found to be identical to those for steady flows in the same tube, both of which were in excellent agreement with the Poiseuille flow prediction. For the polyurethane case (# 124) made from a human main coronary with significant but ‘non obstructive’ diffuse atherosclerotic disease, pressure drops for steady flows were found to be greater than Poiseuille flow predictions by a factor of 3–8 in the physiological Reynolds number range from about 100 to 400. Pulsatile flows in the same artery cast resulted in additional 30% increases in time averaged pressure drops, and thus flow resistance, compared to the steady flow data. Steady and pulsatile foow data measured in a straight, axisymmetric model of cast # 124 showed considerably smaller increases in flow resistance than those observed in # 124 casting.
Multivariate Density Estimation with General Flat-Top Kernels of Infinite Order

The problem of nonparametric estimation of a multivariate density function is addressed. In particular, a general class of estimators with favorable asymptotic performance (bias, variance, rate of convergence) is proposed. The proposed estimators are characterized by the flatness near the origin of the Fourier transform of the kernel and are actually shown to be exactlyN-consistent provided the density is sufficiently smooth.
Computational Studies of Pericyclic Reactions between Aminoalanes and Ethyne, Ethene, and Dienes. A Reactive Aminoalane That Should Prefer [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] Cyclizations to Dimerization

The cyclic aminoalane 1 combines a nearly coplanar core with an endothermic dimerization energy, making it a candidate for computational studies of the chemical importance of the AlN π interaction in pericyclic reactions between aminoalanes and alkenes/dienes. Reaction energy data indicate that 1 should undergo [2 + 2] cycloaddition as readily as or more readily than [4 + 2] cycloaddition, such that treatment of 1 with butadiene might provide multiple bicyclic isomers. However, cyclization between 1 and 1,2-dimethylenecyclopentane should form only distal and proximal isomers. The overall reactivity of 1 indicates that the AlN π interaction plays essentially no role in the chemical behavior of aminoalanes.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of resident and immigrating populations of Carcinops pumilio (Coleoptera: Histeridae) in high-rise poultry facilities.

The histerid beetle Carcinops pumilio (Erichson) is an important natural predator of the house fly, Musca domestica L., in accumulated poultry house manure. We examined the spatio-temporal dynamics of establishing adult C. pumilio in high-rise poultry facilities using conventional and geostatistical approaches. The growth curves of resident and immigrating populations followed logistic and exponential equations, respectively, and their rates of establishment were statistically the same. Frequency distributions for both populations were strongly positively skewed, and ≈53% of sampling intervals were significantly modeled by the negative binomial. Taylor’s power law indicated both populations to be aggregated, and gave excellent least squares regression fits to both populations. Correlograms, a geostatistical tool, suggested little local spatial structure (e.g., 2nd order effects) for either population. The resident population was ‘randomly’ aggregated: beetles were clustered around randomly distributed aggregations of house fly immatures. The immigrating population exhibited significant spatial trends (e.g., 1st order effects) consistently seen at all sampling intervals. C. pumilio spatial structure was represented primarily by this spatial trend; thus, immigration of C. pumilio may have been either a singular event in time, or initiating at 1 or multiple times from a singular location.
Thiazide diuretics and calcium metabolism

Abstract Thiazide diuretics reduce urinary excretion of calcium by about 40% in patients with intact parathyroid glands (normal parathyroid function or primary hyperparathyroidism). Despite equivalent sodium losses, thiazide diuretics do not lower calcium excretion in patients with hypoparathyroidism. Thiazide diuretics diminish hydroxyproline excretion by about 22%, and they do not affect 3′5′-cyclic AMP excretion in subjects with intact parathyroid glands. These findings, together with additional data in the literature, suggest that thiazides may potentiate the renal action of parathyroid hormone, resulting in retention of calcium and partial suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion.
Sustainable Turkey Litter Amendments for Mixed Swards Grazed by Sheep in Appalachia: Nitrate Leaching

Increased poultry production in the Appalachian Region provides a readily available nutrient source and a means to improve soil quality. As with any applied source ofnutrients, surface and ground wa­ ter quality can be compromised if nutrient inputs exceed plant nutrient requirements. Understanding nutrient dynamics in hill-land pasture en­ ables us to develop management practices that minimize detrimental ef­ fects on water quality, and stabilize and improve the productive capacity of highly eroded soiL The objective of this research was to assess nitrate leaching under mixed swards of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), white clover (Trifolium repens), and chicory (Cichorum intybus) receiv­ ing various loadings of composted turkey litter and grazed by sheep (Ovis aries). Treatments were applied in the early spring of 1997, 1999, and 2001 and consisted of P and K only; N, P and K; 3 Mg ha- 1 com­ posted turkey litter; and 6 Mg ha-( composted turkey litter. Indications were that any of the treatments supplied adequate herbage to sustain
High-precision isotope ratio mass spectrometry and stable isotope precursors for tracer studies in cell culture.

The use of stable isotope-labeled tracers is demonstrated in an in vitro system with analysis by high-precision isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), using n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCP) biosynthesis from [U-13C]18:3n-3 (18:3n-3*) in Y79 human retinoblastoma cells as a model system. The cells were cultured as a suspension in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum at 37°C with 5% CO2 in air. They were harvested by sedimentation and cell lipids were extracted to determine the presence of 18:3n-3* metabolites using gas chromatography–combustion (GCC)–IRMS. As the dose of 18:3n-3* was systematically increased from treatment to treatment, the atom percent excess and the amounts of biosynthesized LCP* increased, while the percentage dose in each n-3 LCP* remained constant. Cultures incubated with 0.5 μmol (10 μM) of albumin-bound 18:3n-3, composed of 18:3n-3* diluted 1/60 or 1/100 with natural abundance 18:3n-3, yielded products with enrichments about 1.5 at.% excess (δ13CPDB < 1500‰), which is optimal for high-precision measurements. Kinetics in Y79 cells incubated with 18:3n-3* showed that n-3 LCP* incorporation increased over time; 18:3n-3*, 20:5n-3*, 22:5n-3*, and 22:6n-3* were detected at all time points with the 1/60 dilution. These data document experimental parameters for optimal stable isotope use and IRMS detection for in vitro tracer methodology.
On Line Infrared Identification of Gas Chromatography Effluents

On-line infrared spectra obtained with the Norcon RS-1 gas chromatographic identifier are of sufficient quality for qualitative identification of functional groups, chemical classes, or chemical entities. Identification limits for chemical entities vary between 20 and 200 μg, polar compounds having higher sensitivities. Functional group identifications can be made with correspondingly smaller samples. A 5-fold increase in sensitivity was demonstrated using signal-averaging techniques.
The Emotional Component of Service-Learning:

The interest in and acceptance of service-learning has insufficiently addressed the inextricable emotional linkage to all of its functions. Utilizing Coles’ (1993) conceptualization of the intricate role of emotion in service-learning, this study explored how and why emotion and feeling are central to college students’ service-learning experiences. Multiple data sources were collected across three consecutive semesters from a total of 42 college students who participated in the same service-learning program in southeastern United States. Inductive analyses revealed wide-ranging and ever-changing breadth of emotion were experienced across and within participating college students, particularly emotional states that reflected Coles’ hazards of “arrogance, anger, and bitterness” and satisfaction of “something done, someone reached.” Regardless whether satisfying or hazardous emotion states were felt, they were mainly the result of students’ previous service experiences and/or expectations. Implications of th...
Personal meaning as therapy: The roots and branches of Frankl's psychology

In recent years, Victor E. Frankl, the Viennese psychiatrist who is the founder of what has come to be known as the Third Viennese School of Psychology — Freud and Adler constituting the founders of the other two schools — has emerged as the leading proponent in psychotherapeutic circles of the centrality of the experience of “meaning” in mental health.” The goal of human life, argues Frankl, is to find meaning and order in the world for “me” personally and “us” collectively — both as an individual and a social sense of purpose and orderliness of the inner and outer environment. This paper attempts to identify—within the framework of the Jewish mystical tradition — the sources and origins of Frankl's scientific constructs in psychotherapy, and their manifestations in psychoreligious therapeutics.
The use of automatic stapling devices in pulmonary resection.

Abstract The use of mechanical automatic stapling devices for closure of the bronchus, pulmonary arteries and veins, and lung parenchyma in 349 consecutive patients undergoing various types of pulmonary resection is described. Bronchopleural fistula has occurred only 2 times in 60 patients undergoing pneumonectomy. One occurred four months and 1 six months postoperatively. In both cases recurrence of carcinoma was demonstrated in the bronchial stump. No bronchopleural fistulas occurred following 136 lobectomies. Significant parenchymal air leaks occurred 5 times in 289 patients. No complications resulted from staple closure of pulmonary vessels except the instance previously reported [13]. The use of stapling devices has greatly lessened blood loss and reduced anesthetic and operating periods, thus permitting more extensive resection in marginal-risk patients and fewer complications when compared with traditional methods of resection.
Diastereoselective Dihydroxylation and Regioselective Deoxygenation of Dihydropyranones: A Novel Protocol for the Stereoselective Synthesis of C1−C8 and C15−C21 Subunits of (+)-Discodermolide

Diastereoselective dihydroxylation of dihydropyranones and subsequent regioselective alpha-deoxygenation provides 1,3-trans-beta-hydroxy-delta-lactones stereoselectively. This protocol has been applied for the synthesis of C(1)-C(8) and C(15)-C(21) subunits of (+)-discodermolide.
LWIR HgCdTe on Si detector performance and analysis

We have fabricated a series of 256 pixel×256 pixel, 40 µm pitch LWIR focal plane arrays (FPAs) with HgCdTe grown on (211) silicon substrates using MBE grown CdTe and CdSeTe buffer layers. The detector arrays were fabricated using Rockwell Scientific’s double layer planar heterostructure (DLPH) diode architecture. The 78 K detector and focal plane array (FPA) performance are discussed in terms of quantum efficiency (QE), diode dark current and dark current operability. The FPA dark current and the tail in the FPA dark current operability histograms are discussed in terms of the HgCdTe epitaxial layer defect density and the dislocation density of the individual diode junctions. Individual diode zero bias impedance and reverse bias current-voltage (I-V) characteristics vs. temperature are discussed in terms of the dislocation density of the epitaxial layer, and the misfit stress in the epitaxial multilayer structure, and the thermal expansion mismatch in the composite substrate. The fundamental FPA performance limitations and possible FPA performance improvements are discussed in terms of basic device physics and material properties.
Periampullary duodenal duplication cyst masquerading as a choledochocele

Enteric duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies of unclear etiology. While they can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, they typically occur in the ileum or ileocecal region and very rarely in the duodenum. Here, we report a case of a periampullary duodenal duplication cyst in a 13-year-old male who presented with clinical and laboratory evidence of small bowel obstruction, hepatitis, and pancreatitis. Based on radiologic imaging, the patient was thought to have a type III choledochal cyst (choledochocele) within the duodenal lumen. Intraoperative findings and postoperative pathological evaluation, however, revealed that the lesion was a duodenal duplication cyst masquerading as a choledochal cyst. Interestingly, the duplication cyst was communicating with the common bile duct, simultaneously causing biliary and small bowel obstruction.
Phosphorylation sites and inactivation of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase isolated from rat heart, bovine kidney, and rabbit liver, kidney, heart, brain, and skeletal muscle

Abstract Branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex was isolated from rat heart, bovine kidney, and rabbit liver, heart, kidney, brain, and skeletal muscle. Phosphorylation to approximately 1 mol Pi/mol α-subunit of the α-ketoacid decarboxylase component was linearly associated with 90–95% inactivation. The complex from some tissues (i.e., from rabbit kidney and heart, and rat heart) showed 30–40% more phosphate incorporation for an additional 5–10% inactivation. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis of tryptic digests of 32P-labeled complexes from all of the above tissues revealed two major (peaks 1 and 2) and one minor (peak 3) phosphopeptide which represent phosphorylation sites 1, 2, and a combination of 1 and 2, respectively. These phosphopeptides, numbered according to the order of elution from reverse-phase HPLC, had the same elution time regardless of the tissue or animal source of the complex. The amino acid sequence of site 1 from rabbit heart branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase was IleGlyHisHisSer(P)ThrSer AspAspSerSerAlaTyrArg. Regardless of the source of the complex, both sites were almost equally phosphorylated until total phosphorylation was approximately 1 mol Pi/mol of α-subunit and the rate of inactivation was correlated with the rate of total, site 1, or site 2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation beyond this amount was associated with greater site 2 than site 1 phosphorylation. α-Chloroisocaproate, a potent inhibitor of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase activity, greatly reduced total phosphorylation and inactivation; however, phosphorylation of site 2 was almost abolished and inactivation was directly correlated with phosphorylation of site 1. Thus, the complex isolated from different tissues and mammals had an apparent conservation of amino acid sequence adjacent to the phosphorylation sites. Both sites were phosphorylated to a similar extent temporally although site 1 phosphorylation was directly responsible for inactivation.
Renewing Our Shared Purpose: Considering Ernest L. Boyer's General Education Vision for Christian Colleges and Universities

This article considers the significance of Boyer's work on general education for Christian colleges and universities. After beginning with a synthesis and analysis of Boyer's vast body of work on general education, this article then identifies the challenges facing those concerned with renewing the general education program in Christian colleges and universities. This piece concludes by illustrating how Boyer's ideals for general education relate to the educational aims of Christian colleges and universities and also provides concrete examples of how Boyer's ideals are evident in Christian higher education today. This article argues that Boyer's vision for general education is fully consistent with and necessary to advancing the aims of the educational program in Christian colleges and universities because it infuses commitment to coherence of purpose, connection, integration, and application of learning.
Intracellular redistribution of phytochrome in etiolated soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings.

The intracellular distribution of phytochrome in hypocotyl hooks of etiolated soybean (Glycine max L.) has been examined by immunofluorescence using a newly produced monoclonal antibody (Soy-1) directed to phytochrome purified from etiolated soybean shoots. Cortical cells in the hook region exhibit the strongest phytochrome-associated fluorescence, which is diffusely distributed throughout the cytosol in unirradiated, etiolated seedlings. A redistribution of immunocytochemically detectable hytochrome to discrete areas (sequestering) following irradiation with red light requires a few minutes at room temperature in soybean, whereas this redistribution is reversed rapidly following irradiation with far-red light. In contrast, sequestering in oat (Avena sativa L.) occurs within a few seconds (D. McCurdy and L. Pratt, 1986, Planta167, 330–336) while its reversal by far-red light requires hours (J. M. Mackenzie Jr. et al., 1975, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA72, 799–803). The time courses, however, of red-light-enhanced phytochrome pelletability and sequestering are similar for soybean as they are for oat. Thus, while these observations made with a dicotyledon are consistent with the previous conclusion derived from work with oat, namely that sequestering and enhanced pelletability are different manifestations of the same intracellular event, they are inconsistent with the hypothesis that either is a primary step in the mode of action of phytochrome.
Weighting factors for single-step trapezoidal method

The uses of a weighting factor along with a time step in a single-step trapezoidal method to solve a first-order parabolic system have been systematically studied. The weighting factors are used in two main types: constants and variables. The most commonly used constant weighting factors can be defined by the ratio of the Fibonacci sequence. Among them, the optimal weighting factor is 0.618, resulting in a balance between the overall accuracy and efficiency. With the finite element formulation, the space and time dimensions can be discretized separately. For the time discretization only, there exists a zero-error dimensionless time step if a weighting factor is within the range of 0.5-1.0. By taking advantage of the zero-error condition, the weighting factor can be correlated with a time step. The influence of spatial dimensions is lumped into a nonzero eigenvalue of the system. Through validity tests of two benchmark linear problems, the variable weighting factor for a single-step trapezoidal method is shown to be accurate, efficient, and stable. The relevant features have been captured.
Calculation of frequency-dependent coercive field based on the investigation of intrinsic switching kinetics of strained Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin films

We report a method to predict the frequency dependence of coercive fields in ferroelectric films. The deduction of this method as well as the analysis are based on investigations of intrinsic switching kinetics of high-quality, single-crystal-like, epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin films with extended defect-free structures. The newly suggested relationship, i.e. an exponential decrease in frequency with the reciprocal of the coercive field, differs from the empirical power-law relationship. The proposed equation relates the coercive field (Ec) measured using ferroelectric hysteresis loops to the activation fields determined from pulse width switching measurements, which provides a way to understand the behaviour of Ec as a function of frequency from the switching kinetics point of view.