cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and to Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type I in Transfused Sickle Cell Disease Patients

The prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody and the human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody was examined in 116 adults with sickle cell disease. Eighty-eight of them had received a mean of 18.6 transfusions of red blood cells between 1978 and 1985, and none was positive for the HIV antibody. Of 116 patients, 9 (7.8%) tested positive for HTLV-I antibodies. HTLV-I-positive patients were similar to those without HTLV-I antibody with respect to age, number of transfusions, and proportion of patients with greater than 40 transfusions. However, 3 of the 9 HTLV-I-positive patients came from West Africa or from the Caribbean, whereas this proportion was much lower (7/107) in the HTLV-I-negative group (x2, 7.564; P less than .01). Our analysis suggests that the risk of HIV infection in transfused sickle cell disease patients is low. Although HTLV-I antibodies in these patients may not be related to blood transfusions, it seems prudent to screen blood donors for HTLV-I infection.
Distribution of Schizonts of Plasmodium berghei in Tissues of Rats, Mice and Hamsters*

SYNOPSIS. Adult mice, adult hamsters, 22-day-old rats, and 240–250 gram rats were each infected with one million parasitized red cells. Significant differences in the distribution of schizonts in the tissues of the four groups of animals ranked from the lowest to the highest were found to be as follows: young rats—blood, spleen, liver, bone marrow; older rats—blood, liver, spleen, bone marrow; adult mice—no significant difference between blood and liver, next in rank bone marrow, spleen; hamster—blood, but no significant differences among the organs.
Positive and negative generation effects in source monitoring.

Research is mixed as to whether self-generation improves memory for the source of information. We propose the hypothesis that positive generation effects (better source memory for self-generated information) occur in reality-monitoring paradigms, while negative generation effects (better source memory for externally presented information) tend to occur in external source-monitoring paradigms. This hypothesis was tested in an experiment in which participants read or generated words, followed by a memory test for the source of each word (read or generated) and the word's colour. Meiser and Broder's (2002) multinomial model for crossed source dimensions was used to analyse the data, showing that source memory for generation (reality monitoring) was superior for the generated words, while source memory for word colour (external source monitoring) was superior for the read words. The model also revealed the influence of strong response biases in the data, demonstrating the usefulness of formal modelling when examining generation effects in source monitoring.
Chronic citalopram administration causes a sustained suppression of serotonin synthesis in the mouse forebrain.

Background: Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter with important roles in the regulation of neurobehavioral processes, particularly those regulating affect in humans. Drugs that potentiate serotonergic neurotransmission by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin (SSRIs) are widely used for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Although the regulation of serotonin synthesis may be an factor in SSRI efficacy, the effect of chronic SSRI administration on 5-HT synthesis is not well understood. Here, we describe effects of chronic administration of the SSRI citalopram (CIT) on 5-HT synthesis and content in the mouse forebrain. Methodology/Principal Findings: Citalopram was administered continuously to adult male C57BL/6J mice via osmotic minipump for 2 days, 14 days or 28 days. Plasma citalopram levels were found to be within the clinical range. 5-HT synthesis was assessed using the decarboxylase inhibition method. Citalopram administration caused a suppression of 5-HT synthesis at all time points. CIT treatment also caused a reduction in forebrain 5-HIAA content. Following chronic CIT treatment, forebrain 5-HT stores were more sensitive to the depleting effects of acute decarboxylase inhibition. Conclusions/Significance: Taken together, these results demonstrate that chronic citalopram administration causes a sustained suppression of serotonin synthesis in the mouse forebrain. Furthermore, our results indicate that chronic 5-HT reuptake inhibition renders 5-HT brain stores more sensitive to alterations in serotonin synthesis. These results suggest that the regulation of 5-HT synthesis warrants consideration in efforts to develop novel antidepressant strategies.
Sequential ROMP of cyclooctenes as a route to linear polyethylene block copolymers

AB diblock copolymers were prepared by sequential ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclooctenes catalyzed by a Ru-based Grubbs catalyst. The relatively slow polymerization of cis-3-phenylcyclooct-1-ene (3PC) or cis-cyclooct-2-en-1-yl acetate (3AC) was first carried out and then followed by the faster polymerization of unsubstituted cis-cyclooctene (COE) from the active Ru-alkylidene chain ends. In contrast, simultaneous polymerization of the two monomers provides copolymers with a statistical monomer distribution owing to extensive chain transfer. The resulting poly(3PC-b-COE) and poly(3AC-b-COE) diblock copolymers were subjected to hydrogenation to selectively saturate the backbone alkenes. The consequences of architectural variance between the materials from simultaneous vs. sequential polymerizations are reflected by the contrasting thermal characteristics.
Random Filters for Compressive Sampling

This paper discusses random filtering, a recently proposed method for directly acquiring a compressed version of a digital signal. The technique is based on convolution of the signal with a fixed FIR filter having random taps, followed by downsampling. Experiments show that random filtering is effective at acquiring sparse and compressible signals. This process has the potential for implementation in analog hardware, and so it may have a role to play in new types of analog/digital converters.
A comparison of three high-precision quadrature schemes

The authors have implemented three numerical quadrature schemes, using the Arbitrary Precision (ARPREC) software package. The objective here is a quadrature facility that can efficiently evaluate to very high precision a large class of integrals typical of those encountered in experimental mathematics, relying on a minimum of a priori information regarding the function to be integrated. Such a facility is useful, for example, to permit the experimental identification of definite integrals based on their numerical values. The performance and accuracy of these three quadrature schemes are compared using a suite of 15 integrals, ranging from continuous, well-behaved functions on finite intervals to functions with infinite derivatives and blow-up singularities at endpoints, as well as several integrals on an infinite interval. In results using 412-digit arithmetic, we achieve at least 400-digit accuracy, using two of the programs, for all problems except one highly oscillatory function on an infinite interval...
Unstable laser resonator modes.

In this paper, mode patterns and losses are determined for unstable laser resonators with finite, rectangular reflectors of spherical curvature. An analysis of the uniform intensity mode, based upon the Cornu spiral is given. For more general calculations, gaussian quadrature integration is used to convert the integral equation for the modes into a matrix equation. The latter is solved using ALLMAT on a digital computer, thereby simultaneously determining many modes. The mode competition effect reported by Siegman and Arrathoon is shown to occur because the unstable modes do not generally retain their ordering, according to relative loss, as the reflector size changes. We also discuss a perturbation calculation in which the infinite mirror solutions of Bergstein are used as expansion functions.
Effect of Gender on Radiation-Induced Cataractogenesis

Abstract Henderson, M. A., Valluri, S., DesRosiers, C., Lopez, J. T., Batuello, C. N., Caperell-Grant, A., Mendonca, M. S., Powers, E., Bigsby, R. M. and Dynlacht, J. R. Effect of Gender on Radiation-Induced Cataractogenesis. Radiat. Res. 172, 129-133 (2009). Radiation cataractogenesis is an important consideration for radiotherapy patients and for astronauts. Data in the literature suggest that gender and/or estrogen may play a role in the incidence of age-related cataracts. However, few data exist on the effect of gender on radiation-induced cataractogenesis. We compared the incidence and rate of progression of cataracts induced by ionizing radiation in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Male rats were implanted with either an empty silastic capsule or a capsule containing 17-β-estradiol. Ovary-intact female rats were implanted with empty capsules. All rats received a single dose of 10 Gy (60Co γ rays) to the right eye only. Lens opacification was measured at 2–4-week intervals with a slit lamp. The i...
The electric field at the apex of a near‐field probe: implications for nano‐Raman spectroscopy

Near-field or nano-Raman spectroscopy is different from its far-field counterpart in several important respects. We present a unified view of nano-Raman spectroscopy that accounts for these differences, which include surface enhancement, propagation differences, the presence of z-polarized light, and electric field gradients that give rise to new spectroscopic selection rules. We also discuss some of the recent advances in near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and their positive impact on nano-Raman spectroscopy. In particular, progress has been made in fabricating better probes, both apertured and apertureless, for NSOM, resulting in larger signal levels important for Raman spectroscopy. Larger signals result in shorter imaging times, the ability to achieve higher resolution and broader applicability of the technique. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Tinkertoy graphical programming environment

The Tinkertoy graphical interface to Lisp is described, in which programs are 'built' rather than written, out of icons and flexible interconnections. It represents a computer/user interface that can easily exceed the interaction speed of the best text-based language editors and command languages. It also provides a consistent framework for interaction across both editing and command execution. Moreover, because programs are represented graphically, structures that do not naturally conform to the text medium can be clearly described, the new kinds of information can be incorporated into programs and program elements. >
Latin America and the Comintern 1919-1943

Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction Part I. The World Communist Party: 1. The Communist International in history 2. Latin America in the Comintern 3. The Comintern in Latin America Part II. The Theory Comes After: 4. The discovery of America 5. Latin America in the world revolution 6. Power as theory Part III. The Question of Power: 7. The assault 'from outside': the pronunciamiento of Luis Carlos Prestes 8. The taking 'from inside': national union 9. The last step: Browderism Conclusion Appendix Commentary on sources Notes Bibliography Index.
Sex Bias in Student Evaluations of College Professors

Fifty male and 50 female students were asked to evaluate the teaching methods of three male and three female professors in two traditionally male, two traditionally female, and two relatively non-sex-linked fields. Each method was attributed to a male professor on one form and a female on another. A descriptive paragraph for each of the six areas was followed by six bipolar ratings scales. The different ratings assigned as a function of the sex of student and professor are discussed in relation to previous findings.
Space–Time Codes From Structured Lattices

We present constructions of space-time (ST) codes based on lattice coset coding. First, we focus on ST code constructions for the short block-length case, i.e., when the block length is equal to or slightly larger than the number of transmit antennas. We present constructions based on dense lattice packings and nested lattice (Voronoi) shaping. Our codes achieve the optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) of quasi-static multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels for any fading statistics, and perform very well also at practical, moderate values of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Then, we extend the construction to the case of large block lengths, by using trellis coset coding. We provide constructions of trellis coded modulation (TCM) schemes that are endowed with good packing and shaping properties. Both short-block and trellis constructions allow for a reduced complexity decoding algorithm based on minimum mean-squared error generalized decision feedback equalizer (MMSE-GDFE) lattice decoding and a combination of this with a Viterbi TCM decoder for the TCM case. Beyond the interesting algebraic structure, we exhibit codes whose performance is among the state-of-the art considering codes with similar encoding/decoding complexity.
Suicidal behavior in borderline patients: diagnosis and psychotherapeutic considerations.

The differential diagnosis of chronic suicidal and parasuicidal behavior in borderline patients is reviewed. Essential psychodynamics of these behaviors are explored, especially the psychopathology...
Predictors of Recent Marijuana Use and Past Year Marijuana Use Among a National Sample of Hispanic Youth.

Background: Marijuana use rates remain higher among Hispanic youth compared to youth from other ethnic groups. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine if sex, age, authoritarian parenting, perceived school experiences, lifetime depression, legal involvement, and perceived social norms of marijuana use predicted recent marijuana use and past year marijuana use among Hispanic youth. Methods: The participants of this study were a nationwide sample of Hispanic youth (n = 3,457) in the United States. A secondary data analysis of the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was performed. Unadjusted odds ratios were computed via univariate logistic regression analyses and all statistically significant variables were retained and included in the final multiple logistic regression analyses. Recent marijuana use was operationally defined as use within the past 30 days, and marijuana use in the past year was defined as use within the past year. Results: Results indicated that 7.5% of Hispanic youth u...
The Algebra of the Riemann Curvature Tensor in General Relativity: The Relation of the Invariants of the Einstein Curvature Tensor to the Invariants Describing Matter

In this paper, the second in a series of papers on the algebra of the Riemann curvature tensor, we relate the algebraic invariants of the Einstein curvature tensor to the algebraic invariants of the trace-free part of the Ricci tensor, and, consequently, to the trace-free part of the stress-energy tensor for the physical system. We also show explicitly how all of the components of the trace-free part of the Ricci tensor transform under a Lorentz transformation.
Shared Decision Making in Orthopaedic Surgery: More Than Two to Tango?

Orthopaedic surgeons have had relatively little exposure to shared decision-making tools in their practice. First popularized in a 1982 report issued by the President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research1, shared decision making is generally viewed as an embodiment of the principle of patient-centered care, with shared decisions between patients and providers often facilitated by decision and communication aids. Charles et al.2 identified the characteristics of shared decision making as involving the patient and provider, both parties participating in the treatment decision-making process, requiring information sharing, and both parties agreeing to the treatment decision made, with the recognition that many of these characteristics are continuous variables. The authors of the present study have previously made important contributions to our understanding of how shared decision making might be incorporated into orthopaedic practice, with both attendant benefits and obstacles to overcome3,4. Knee and hip osteoarthritis treatment includes both medical and surgical interventions often managed by orthopaedists, and when pain and disability are unresponsive to medical treatment, total joint arthroplasty is frequently recommended. Total joint arthroplasty is appropriately viewed as a preference-sensitive procedure, as the indications are driven by the patients’ perception of pain, …
When is the Product of Two Derivatives a Derivative

Not always. Certainly the set of all derivatives on a closed interval [a, b] is a linear space that contains the continuous functions, but this set is not closed under multiplication. In fact, the square of a derivative is not always a derivative as we will see in the following example. The main purpose of this note, however, is to give a very basic proof of a theorem by R. J. Fleissner that provides sufficient conditions for the product of two derivatives to be a derivative. Instead of actually giving an example of a derivative whose square is not a derivative we will proceed indirectly. Let us assume that the square of a derivative always is a derivative. To contradict this statement define f and g on [0, 1] such that
Checklist use in evaluating pediatric disaster training

Objective: Disaster preparedness training has a small but growing part in medical education. Various strategies have been used to simulate disaster scenarios to safely provide such training. However, a modality to compare their effectiveness is lacking. The authors propose the use of checklists, which have been a standard in aviation safety for decades. Design: Residents at four different academic pediatric residency programs volunteered to participate in tabletop simulation of a timed, pediatric disaster scenario. Resident teams were required to properly triage and manage simulated patients. Care intervention requests corresponding to each of the patients were recorded on a premade checklist. Results: Thirty-six teams provided a total of 1,476 possible care intervention requests for three pediatric patients: one with crush injury, one with increased intracranial pressure, and a nonverbal child. Some interventions were more likely to be omitted than others, and some teams performed extra interventions. Twenty-five entries from the checklist intervention responses were missing, affecting three of the teams. On average, teams requested 65 percent, were prompted to request 11 percent, and missed 22 percent of all checklist interventions with only 2 percent of all items not being recorded. Chi-square tests were performed for each patient scenario using R software. Categories compared included total counts of “requested,” “prompted,” and “missed” responses. Chi-square values were all statistically significant (p value < 0.05). Conclusions: In the checklist use during a tabletop disaster simulation, the authors have demonstrated that the checklist allows trainees to receive near immediate feedback. This training exercise provided them an opportunity to explore their own preparedness for a disaster scenario in a low-stress environment and allows for evaluation of such preparedness in a safe environment.
Petri Net Method of Formal Description of IEC61850 Operational Semantic and Its Implementation

It is discovered in the research on both the definition of Extensible Markup Language(XML) Schema of Substation Configuration Language(SCL) in standard IEC61850 and the content of statement that there is evident limitation in the semantic description ability of Unified Modeling Language(UML) state machine,so the combination of UML state machine with XML cannot precisely depict the semantic of modules which have logical time sequence requirement,and it makes the XML description of Abstract Communication Service Interface(ACSI),which is established on the basis of self-contained semantic information model,incomplete,thereby the interoperation of the system is greatly impacted.Here,the IEC61850 control module established by Petri net possesses definite semantic model,and not only the self-contained description of semantic information model is implemented by the Petri net formal description based on XML,but also the ability to describe operational semantic by XML Scheme of SCL is improved and intensified.
Mitochondrial Proteome: Toward the Detection and Profiling of Disease Associated Alterations

Existing at the heart of cellular energy metabolism, the mitochondrion is uniquely positioned to have a major impact on human disease processes. Examples of mitochondrial impact on human pathology abound and include etiologies ranging from inborn errors of metabolism to the site of activity of a variety of toxic compounds. In this review, the unique aspects of the mechanisms related to the mitochondrial proteome are discussed along with an overview of the literature related to mitochondrial proteomic exploration. The review includes discussion of potential areas for exploration and advantages of applying proteomic techniques to the study of mitochondria.
Continuous-Time and Discrete-State Branching Processes

The study of branching processes began in the mid 19th century with the work of Bienayme, Galton, and Watson [10, 23, 39]. Galton and Watson’s original problem was to study the extinction of family surnames. They formalized the problem using probability generating functions. This first application employed discrete-time branching processes. Continuous-time branching process theory is closely related to discrete-time theory. In this chapter, we summarize the basic theory for continuous-time and discrete-state branching processes for single-type and multi-type processes. This theory is used to estimate population extinction (absorption) in two examples, a birth-death model and a birth-death-dispersal model. In later chapters, the branching process theory, developed in this chapter, is applied to some classic population and epidemic models to predict species invasions or outbreaks in more complex settings. Further mathematical details about the theory and additional biological examples can be found in the references (e.g., [7, 14, 20, 23, 24, 32]).
Scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue engineering

Abstract: Tissue engineering, with the use of cells and scaffolds, has important clinical application in regenerative medicine. Additionally, these technologies can also be applied to the study of cellular biology, specifically, the cellular interactions within organized scaffolds, and the effects of paracrine communication between different cell types. The main focus of this chapter will be on the cell–matrix interactions and the communications between normal and diseased cells within organized scaffolds. In addition, this chapter will review the different cell types utilized in musculoskeletal tissue engineering with a focus on the application of mesenchymal stem cells in therapeutic scenarios, summarize the use of natural and synthetic biomaterials in tissue engineering and their combination into organized scaffolds, and discuss how cytokines affect tissue growth and disease development through the stimulation of matrix metalloproteinases.
Computer Controlled Hyperthermia Unit for Cancer Therapy

A versatile hyperthermia control system, based on a microcomputer, provides automated temperature regluation (1 channel) and monitoring (3 channels) and control of microwave output (both on/ off and power level), and displays temperature (°C) and microwave output (watts) graphically in real time; all data are stored on floppy diskette.
Hydration Control in Brain Extracellular Matrix:Astrocytes, Perycites, and Fibroblasts Adjust their Contractile Responses to Local Water Activity

Efficient brain function requires maintenance of optimal tissue hydration. For example, ex vivo, in mouse hippocampal slices, local brain interstitial dehydration impairs neuronal function, and mounting evidence indicates that, first, brain interstitial cells regulate transcapillary fluid exchange and, second, water flows in and out of brain tissue at speeds proportional to the aw (water activity) in the explant culture media, as expected from passive physical principles. We measured the responses of brain interstitial cells to changes in aw to find a common signal linking the passive adjustments to physiologic responses mediated by genetically programmed cell action. We obtained three types of primary cell cultures from human brain (Sciencell Research Laboratories), astrocytes, pericytes, and perivascular fibroblasts, expressing growth-factor astrocyte protein, α-smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin, respectively, and incorporated them into fully hydrated, 3D collagen gels floating in culture medium. We progressively decreased the cultures’ aw by adjusting the dissolved colloids to produce pressures of 4, 42, 100, and 200 mmHg, (corresponding to 0.9. The slopes of fitted regression lines were -0.99 ± .02 for astrocytes; −1.33 ± 0.23 for fibroblasts; and −1.90 ± 0 .19 µl/h/mmHg for pericytes (Means ± SE, n = 4-5). Rate increases with aw were significantly larger for pericytes than fibroblasts (p = 0.043) and astrocytes (p = 0.0048). These results show that brain interstitial cells can detect and respond to minute changes in hydration, adjusting contractile forces to prevent excessive hydration/dehydration in alignment with passive fluid-transfer along aw gradients.
FOXO3, estrogen receptor alpha, and androgen receptor impact tumor growth rate and infiltration of dendritic cell subsets differentially between male and female mice

Tumors evade immune recognition and destruction in many ways including the creation of an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Dendritic cells (DC) that infiltrate the TME are tolerogenic, and suppress effector T cells and anti-tumor activity. Previous reports demonstrated that a key regulator of tolerance in DC is the transcription factor FOXO3. Gender disparity has been studied in cancer in relation to incidence, aggressiveness, and prognosis. Few studies have touched on the importance in relation to impact on the immune system. In the current study, we show that there are significant differences in tumor growth between males and females. Additionally, frequencies and the function of FOXO3 expressed by DC subsets that infiltrate tumors vary between genders. Our results show for the first time that DC FOXO3 expression and function is altered in females. In vitro results indicate that these differences may be the result of exposure to estrogen. These differences may be critical considerations for the enhancement of immunotherapy for cancer.
Canonical Equation K2. Necessary and Sufficient Modified Lindeberg’s Condition. The Wigner and Cubic Laws

In Chapter 2, we continue to study the normalized spectral functions of random symmetric matrices for the case where the entries of all matrices have equal variances. In this case, the system of canonical equations K 1 takes a simple form and sometimes it is possible to find its solution.
Exosomal MicroRNA Transfer Into Macrophages Mediates Cellular Postconditioning

Background:Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) confer cardioprotection in acute myocardial infarction by distinctive macrophage (Mϕ) polarization. Here we demonstrate that CDC-secreted exosomes (CDCe...
Natural Law, the Pursuit of Knowledge and Authorship

This paper considers the emergence of the concept of authorship in copyright history as a response to the commercial market for literary and artistic works. Copyright law developed in the eighteenth century to create ownership in creative works and ensure that those who produce and distribute creative works to the public would be remunerated through the mechanisms of the commercial marketplace. Authors however, write and create for a variety of reasons, some of which are not purely economic or rational. Beyond writing for public recognition and reward through the market, authors may create and produce creative works purely as a natural human response to a deeper moral aspiration to pursue knowledge. This aspect of authorship is one that is not explored in copyright law and this paper applies natural law philosophy to copyright law by regarding authorship in the pursuit of knowledge as a common human good. By removing from copyright law the assumptions that all authors are purely rational actors seeking to maximize their economic benefits from the market and seeing authors as pursuing knowledge as a practical reasonable choice, doctrines in copyright law can be reconsidered in light of this natural law claim. This paper concludes that natural law philosophy provides an important insight into the manner in which laws and legal systems can be analyzed and clarifies many of the legal problems we face today.
Epistemic Games as Career Preparatory Experiences for Students with Disabilities

This paper looks at how computer- and video-based epistemic games can help provide career preparation experiences for young people. Epistemic games are a simulation of professional training in game...
Evaluating the impacts of triclosan on wastewater treatment performance during startup and acclimation.

Triclosan (TCS) is a broad range antimicrobial agent used in many personal care products, which is commonly discharged to wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs). This study examined the impact of TCS on wastewater treatment performance using laboratory bench-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) coupled with anaerobic digesters. The SBRs were continuously fed synthetic wastewater amended with or without 0.68 μM TCS, with the aim of determining the effect of chronic TCS exposure as opposed to a pulse TCS addition as previously studied. Overall, the present study suggests inhibition of nitrogen removal during reactor startup. However, NH 4 + removal fully rebounded after 63 days, suggesting acclimation of the associated microbial communities to TCS. An initial decrease in microbial community diversity was observed in the SBRs fed TCS as compared to the control SBRs, followed by an increase in community diversity, which coincided with the increase in NH 4 + removal. Elevated levels of NO 3 − and NO 2 − were found in the reactor effluent after day 58, however, suggesting ammonia oxidizing bacteria rebounding more rapidly than nitrogen oxidizing bacteria. Similar effects on treatment efficiencies at actual WWTFs have not been widely observed, suggesting that continuous addition of TCS in their influent may have selected for TCS-resistant nitrogen oxidizing bacteria.
Lung, Kidney, and Bone Ablation

Percutaneous ablation has become a mainstay of oncologic treatment within numerous organ systems, including the respiratory, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems. Utilizing a variety of ablation modalities, such as radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and cryoablation, interventional radiologists can achieve excellent oncologic results for select patients with primary or metastatic disease. Patient selection, procedural planning, and disease surveillance are crucial to success. Technology continues to rapidly progress from its initial usage in the early 1990s to today with markedly improved results and fewer complications. Data supports the use of percutaneous lung ablation for the significant population of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who are not surgical candidates. Small renal cell carcinomas are frequently being treated using percutaneous ablation with outcomes approaching that of partial nephrectomy. Ablation has become the primary treatment modality for osteoid osteomas. Pain palliation can be effectively achieved through ablation in patients with osseous metastatic disease. As a minimally invasive approach with a low major complication profile, percutaneous ablation utilization is increasing and is now an invaluable tool for the interventional oncologist.
Toxicity of linoleic acid metabolites.

Leukotoxin, cis-9,10-epoxyoctadeca-12(Z)-enoic acid (LTX), and isoleukotoxin, cis -12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9(Z)-enoic acid (iLTX), are the monoepoxides of linoleic acid (cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid). In the systems so far examined two primary metabolites are LTX diol, threo-9,10-dihydroxy-octadeca-12(Z)-enoic acid, and iLTX diol, threo-12,13-dihydroxyoctadeca-9 (Z)-enoic acid. See figure 1. The first mention of LTX, per se, in the literature was in 1986 (1), but the two isomers of epoxyoctadecenoic acid have been discussed since before dy1971. LTX and iLTX are found endogenously in both animals and plants. While their defensive role in plants seems fairly well established (2), their role in animals is less clear. What is clear is that LTX and iLTX are formed from linoleic acid, usually when the organism is under less than optimal conditions, and that they have a wide range of effects.
Spielarten geistlicher Trauer. Maria Magdalena am Grab. Teil II: Deutsche Predigten und Prosa-Übersetzungen des Ps.-Origenes-Textes1

Der Gesamtbeitrag gilt der Trauer Maria Magdalenas am Grab (Johannes 20,11-18), die zwischen karfreitaglicher Verzweiflung und osterlichem Trost schwankt. Teil I (Futhark Nr. 4): Ausgangspunkt (I.) ist die (aus dem spaten 12. oder fruhen 13. Jahrhundert stammende) lateinische Predigt des Ps.-Origenes, die in Europa weite Verbreitung und zahlreiche Bearbeitungen fand. Die deutschen poetischen Bearbeitungen (II: ‘Der Saelden Hort’, Heinrichs von Neustadt ‘Von Gottes Zukunft’, ‘Bairische Magdalenenklage’) stellen die Heldin in den Mittelpunkt und akzentuieren den Trauer-Diskurs im Sinne offentlich sichtbarer Gebarden der Trauer. Teil II: Die genuinen deutschen Predigten (III. Meister Eckhart, Marquard von Lindau) eroffnen den Horizont der Mystik (Einung mit Gott sunder mittel), eine lateinische Predigt des tschechischen Reformers Milic von Kremsier – auch in deutscher Ubertragung uberliefert – stellt den Apell gegen Sunde und fur ein gottgefalliges Leben in den Vordergrund. Die deutschen Prosaubersetzungen des 15. Jahrhunderts (IV.) entstehen im Zusammenhang der Klosterreformen (anonymer dominikanischer [?] Nurnberger ‘Magdalenen- libellus’, der Kartauser Heinrich Haller, die Zisterzienserin Regula, der benediktinische Laienbruder Lienhart Peuger) und beziehen die Situation auf die Situation im Kloster. Ein letzter Punkt (V.) bietet eine Zusammenschau der Entwicklungsmoglichkeiten des Textes und der ‘Spielarten geistlicher Trauer’.
Plasma- and Ion-Beam Assisted Physical Vapor Deposition: Processes and Materials

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) includes any thin film process involving the deposition of physically generated atoms or molecules onto a substrate in a vacuum environment. Evaporation, sputtering, and ion plating, the fundamental PVD processes, are characterized by the physical mechanism by which the vapor flux is generated. Modification of these basic processes (e.g., by addition of an ion beam) accounts for the apparent numerous PVD processes in the literature. In spite of minor processing variations, PVD processes have many common features including: (1) a high vacuum system with low impurity gas levels and with the ability to input controlled flow rates or partial pressures of one or more working gases; (2) a coating material source(s) with a well-controlled and often monitored vapor flux; and (3) a substrate mounting assembly which controls substrate temperature and distance/orientation to the coating source. Plasma and ion-beam assisted PVD processes are derived from the fundamental evaporation, sputtering, and ion plating processes through, for example, incorporation of a bias voltage to create a glow discharge.
In Search for Action Rules of the Lowest Cost

There are two aspects of interestingness of rules that have been studied in data mining literature, objective and subjective measures ([2, 1, 3, 11, 12]). Objective measures are data-driven and domain-independent. Generally, they evaluate the rules based on their quality and similarity between them. Subjective measures, including unexpectedness, novelty [11], and actionability, are user-driven and domain-dependent. A rule is actionable if user can do an action to his/her advantage based on this rule ([2, 1, 3]). Action rules introduced in [7] and investigated further in [8] are constructed from actionable rules. To construct them, authors assume that attributes in a database are divided into two groups: stable and flexible. Flexible attributes provide a tool for making hints to a user what changes within some values of flexible attributes are needed for a given group of objects to re-classify these objects to another decision class. Ras and Gupta (see [10]) proposed how to construct action rules when information system is distributed with autonomous sites. Additionally, the notion of a cost and feasibility of an action rule is introduced in this paper. A heuristic strategy for constructing feasible action rules which have high confidence and possibly the lowest cost is also proposed. Interestingness of such action rules is the highest among actionable rules.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during the secondary surge in gilts as influenced by administration of porcine follicular fluid (pFF).

The effect of volume and frequency of administration of porcine follicular fluid (pFF) on FSH concentration was determined in mature gilts during the period of the secondary FSH surge (d 0 to 5; d 0 = onset of estrus) and following withdrawal of pFF (d 5.5 to 9). Crossbred gilts (n = 14) were randomized in a 3 x 2 factorial treatment design involving three doses of pFF (0, 5, or 10 ml) and once- vs twice-daily pFF administration. Porcine FF was aspirated from medium and large follicles and treated with 5 mg of activated charcoal per milliliter of pFF to remove steroids. Once-daily administration of pFF, regardless of dose, failed to suppress mean concentrations of FSH during the secondary FSH surge. Treatment of gilts twice daily with 10 ml of pFF suppressed (P less than .05) area under the FSH curve during the secondary FSH surge compared with gilts given saline. Gilts treated twice daily with 5 ml pFF showed comparable suppression of plasma FSH from d 0 to 3 but began to overcome FSH inhibition after d 3. As a result, FSH release only tended to be lower than controls for the entire treatment period (P less than .1). Mean FSH concentrations were increased (P less than .05) during the post-treatment period (d 5.5 to 9) by treatment with intermediate (5 ml pFF, two times daily and 10 ml pFF, one time daily) and high (10 ml pFF, two times daily) doses of pFF. Neither ovulation rate nor interestrous interval was affected by pFF administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ClangJIT: Enhancing C++ with Just-in-Time Compilation

The C++ programming language is not only a keystone of the high-performance-computing ecosystem but has proven to be a successful base for portable parallel-programming frameworks. As is well known, C++ programmers use templates to specialize algorithms, thus allowing the compiler to generate highly-efficient code for specific parameters, data structures, and so on. This capability has been limited to those specializations that can be identified when the application is compiled, and in many critical cases, compiling all potentially-relevant specializations is not practical. ClangJIT provides a well-integrated C++ language extension allowing template-based specialization to occur during program execution. This capability has been implemented for use in large-scale applications, and we demonstrate that just-in-time-compilation-based dynamic specialization can be integrated into applications, often requiring minimal changes (or no changes) to the applications themselves, providing significant performance improvements, programmer-productivity improvements, and decreased compilation time.
Mechanisms for S–S and N–Cα bond cleavage in peptide ECD and ETD mass spectrometry

Abstract This Letter reviews efforts made to elucidate the mechanism by which electron-capture and electron-transfer dissociation bond cleavages occur in mass spectrometry. The primary issues include where in the parent ion the electron initially attaches, whether the energy released in this initial electron-capture step is key to determining which bonds will cleave, whether the electron can migrate from the site to which it initially attaches to other sites in the parent ion, and, if so, over what distances and at what rates, and why, in polypeptides, one finds disulfide and N–C α bond cleavage primarily.
Discordance in Information Exchange Between Providers During Care Transitions for Surgical Patients.

Abstract Background The exchange of health information between primary care providers (PCPs) and surgeons is critical during transitions of care for older patients with multiple comorbidities; however, it is unknown to what extent this process occurs. This study was designed to characterize the extent to which factors associated with older patient's recovery, such as functional status, cognitive status, social status, and emotional factors, are shared among PCPs and surgical providers during care transitions. Materials and methods We prospectively identified 15 patients aged over 60 y with ≥3 comorbidities referred for general and vascular surgery procedures at a Veterans Administrative and academic medical center. Semistructured Critical Decision Method interviews were conducted with patients along with their surgical providers and referring PCPs. Thematic content analysis was performed independently by five reviewers on the cognitive processes associated with functional status, cognitive status, social status, and emotional factors. Interrater reliability between providers and patients was assessed using Cohen's kappa. Results Forty-seven Critical Decision Method interviews were conducted, which included 20 paired interviews between a PCP and a surgeon and 16 paired interviews that involved a patient and a provider. The majority of patients reported experiencing poor information exchange between their PCP and surgeon (58%) and feeling they were primarily responsible for communicating their own health information during care transitions (67%). In paired interviews between PCPs and surgeons, there was nearly perfect agreement for the shared knowledge of cognitive (kappa: 0.83) and emotional (kappa 1) factors. In contrast, there was only minimal agreement for shared knowledge of functional status (kappa 0.38) and social status (kappa: 0.34). Conclusions Information exchange between PCPs and surgical providers is often discordant during transitions of surgical care for medically complex older patients, particularly when it pertains to communicating their functional or social status.
What is the Remodeling Potential of the Native Heart Valve

Objective: Regenerative therapies directed at the restoration of heart valve function rely on an understanding on how native heart valve structures remodel and possibly regenerate. However, we know...
Chapter 1 – SYMMETRY OPERATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the symmetry operations and their notation, and the classification of molecules and crystals into the point groups. Symmetry is possessed by atoms, molecules, and infinite crystals. One can operate on them with a symmetry operation that interchanges the positions of various atoms but results in the molecule or crystal looking exactly the same as before the symmetry operation and when the operation is continuously repeated the molecule or crystal continues to be in an equivalent position. For point symmetry operations one point in the body is kept fixed and these operations are associated with a molecule or crystal. The number of such operations for molecules is finite. A symmetry element is a geometric entity, such as a center of inversion, an axis of rotation, or a plane. Symmetry operations are carried out in regard to these symmetry elements or combinations of them.
Thomas Eakins and the Cultures of Modernity by Alan C. Braddock

The central concern of Alan Braddock's Thomas Eakins and the Cultures of Modernity is how "human difference, diffusion, and artistic nationalism" are present in the oeuvre of Thomas Eakins (2). Braddock argues that Eakins was working as an artist before modern anthropological theories of "culture" emerged, yet it is very much this nascent anthropological understanding of culture that is at the heart of this book and, Braddock argues, at the heart of Eakins's painting practice.
The Nonprofit Industrial Complex and Trans Resistance

Trans politics are gaining visibility and momentum and, increasingly, trans activists are form- ing projects and organizations focused on promoting political change. Given this context, this article examines how critiques of the nonprofit industrial complex might be incorporated into trans political analysis and how they could inform this moment of trans political institutionalization. Taking tools and lessons from antiracist and feminist scholars and activists and recognizing widespread critique of the co-optation of the lesbian and gay rights movement by neoliberalism, this article highlights alternatives to traditional nonprofit structures. The authors provide an in-depth look at 1 trans organization that employs a collective governance model and encourages the leadership of trans people of color, offer- ing it as a potential model for emerging trans organizations.
A Framework for Patent Exhaustion of Self-Replicating Technologies

The doctrine of patent exhaustion extinguishes a patent owner’s rights of exclusion over the use, sale, and import of objects that have been the subject of a patentee-authorized sale. But the doctrine appears to break down in the context of a crucial segment of the modern invention economy: self-reproducing technologies. Despite these technologies’ growing importance, there is currently no clear guidance for applying exhaustion to self-reproducing technologies. The Supreme Court has most recently addressed exhaustion in Bowman v. Monsanto in 2013 and in Impression Prods. v. Lexmark in 2017. But these two cases speak to different parts of the problem, and have not yet been integrated. Furthermore, the Court in Bowman explicitly left open two questions about how exhaustion might apply to self-reproducing technologies, both of which remain unanswered. This Note provides the first comprehensive integration of modern exhaustion caselaw with self-reproducing technologies. By integrating Bowman, Lexmark, and a tort-based understanding of infringement, this Note presents a concise and robust framework—which I have termed “Bowmark”—for applying exhaustion to self-reproducing technologies beyond Bowman’s limited holding. Finally, I show that this framework is workable against Bowman’s open questions, revealing that, to the extent that there are still gray areas regarding the role of patent law in the situations explicitly un-addressed by Bowman, those gray areas do not involve exhaustion.
Melanoma metastasis to the bladder: A case report

Metastasis of malignant melanoma to the bladder is rarely seen clinically with only 29 cases reported in English-language literature. However, autopsy series of melanoma patients have shown that metastasis to the bladder could be as high as 37%, implying that numerous cases remain undiagnosed. This report details a case of malignant melanoma metastasis to the bladder. Patient presented with severe anemia and history of gross hematuria. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed a 2.7 cm mass in the bladder. Cystoscopy confirmed presence of a mass. Patient underwent cystoscopy and transurethral resection of the tumor, revealed to be melanoma on pathology.