cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Risk Factors for Tobacco Use Among Adolescents with Asthma

Objective To determine the prevalence of smoking among adolescents with asthma and smoking's psychosocial risk factors (environmental smoking exposure, autonomy, depression). Method Participants were 2,039 adolescents with asthma and 2,039 matched controls from the Add Health study. Results The prevalence of ever smoking among adolescents with asthma was 56%. Among ever smokers with asthma, the prevalence of current smoking was 48%, and the prevalence of current smokers having made a recent attempt to stop smoking was 57%. Having parents who have smoked, exposure to friends who smoke, and depression were significant psychosocial risk factors for ever smoking. Asthma and exposure to friends who smoke were significantly associated with current smoking, and attempts to stop smoking were significantly associated with asthma and depression. Conclusions Psychosocial risk factors for smoking among adolescents with and without asthma appear similar. Research on the role of illness in tobacco control is warranted.
Tailored binding and transport parameters of molecularly imprinted films via macromolecular structure: The rational design of recognitive polymers

Testosterone recognitive networks were synthesized varying feed crosslinking percentage and length of bifunctional crosslinking agent to analyze the effect of manipulating structural parameters on template binding parameters such as affinity, capacity, selectivity, and transport. Crosslinking agent was varied from 50 to 90% and associated networks experienced a twofold increase in capacity and a fourfold increase in affinity, with equilibrium association constants ranging from 0.30 ± 0.02 × 104M−1 to 1.3 ± 0.1 × 104M−1, respectively. The higher concentration of crosslinking monomer increased crosslinking points available for interchain stabilization creating an increased number of stable cavities for template association. However, by increasing the length of crosslinking agent ≈ 4.5 times, the mesh size of the network increased resulting in 40% faster template diffusional transport. A 77% crosslinked poly(MAA-co-PEG200DMA) recognitive network had an association constant of (0.20 ± 0.05) × 104M−1 and bound (0.72 ± 0.04) × 10−2 mmol testosterone/g dry polymer which was less by six and threefold, respectively, compared to a similarly crosslinked poly(MAA-co-EGDMA) recognitive network. Structural manipulation of the macromolecular architecture illustrates the programmability of recognitive networks for specific binding parameters and diffusional transport, which may lead to enhanced imprinted sensor materials and successful integration onto sensor platforms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Hydroxy- and alkoxy-bridged dinuclear uranyl-Schiff base complexes: hydrolysis, transamination and extraction studies.

The reaction of uranyl nitrate with 1,3-bis(salicylideneamino)-2-propanol (H3L1) and 1,3-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneamino)-2-propanol (H3L2) in the presence of triethylamine (Et3N) yielded hydroxy- and alkoxy-bridged dinuclear complexes; [(UO2)2(L1)(OH)(MeOH)2]·(MeOH)2 (1·(MeOH)2) and [(UO2)2(L2)(OH)(MeOH)2]·(MeOH)2 (2·(MeOH)2). The crystal structures of 1·(DMF)2 and 2·(DMF)2 exhibit an unsymmetrical central U2O2 core involving bridging alkoxy- and hydroxy-oxygen atoms. The geometry around the uranium center in 1·(DMF)2 and 2·(DMF)2 is that of a distorted pentagonal bipyramid with the solvent molecule occupying the fifth coordination site. The flexible nature of the ligand backbone is more pronounced in 2·(DMF)2 compared to 1·(DMF)2, yielding two molecules per unit cell in different conformations. Under similar reaction conditions, using ethylenediamine as a base, the respective Salen-based uranyl compounds, [UO2(Salen)(MeOH)] (3) and [UO2(But2-Salen)(MeOH)] (4) are obtained due to transamination of the ligand backbone. Complexes 1·(MeOH)2 and 2·(MeOH)2 when reacted with an excess of ethylenediamine failed to yield the respective Salen-based complexes, 3 and 4, respectively. The new compounds have been characterized using solution (NMR and UV-Vis) and solid-state (IR, X-ray crystallography) techniques. Hydrolysis of 1·(MeOH)2 and 2·(MeOH)2 in the pH range 1–14 was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy and compared with the hydrolysis of 3 and [UO2(Salophen)(MeOH)] (5). A two-phase extraction study suggests quantitative removal of uranyl ions from the aqueous phase at higher pH conditions.
Net Returns from Terrain-Based Variable-Rate Nitrogen Management on Dryland Spring Wheat in Northern Montana

Montana Wheat and Barley Committee;Montana Fertilizer Tax Fund Advisory Committee; Westco Fertilizers; and USDA-IFAFS (Grant no. 2001-52103-11321)
Periodic paralysis with cardiac arrhythmia

A fourth variant of familial periodic paralysis (FPP) is described. The syndrome is characterized by premature ectopic heartbeats of varying locus and frequency, but most commonly manifested by bigeminy. The paralytic attacks are otherwise indistinguishable from those which occur in other forms of FPP. Serum potassium values are occasionally elevated but this is only coincidentally related to paralytic attacks. The disease is aggravated by increased sodium intake, digitalis, cold weather, and is more frequent premenstrually. Increased potassium intake, glucose intake, and a low-sodium diet or spironolactone are both therapeutic and prophylactic. Quinidine is an effective therapeutic agent. Hypotheses have been advanced to explain the mechanism of paralysis in several forms of FPP.
OligoArrayDb: pangenomic oligonucleotide microarray probe sets database

OligoArrayDb is a comprehensive database containing pangenomic oligonucleotide microarray probe sets designed for most of the sequenced genomes that are not covered by commercial catalog arrays. The availability of probe sequences, associated with custom microarray fabrication services offered by many companies and cores presents the unequalled possibility to perform microarray experiments on most of the sequenced organisms. OligoArrayDb contains more than 2.8 probes per gene in average for more than 600 organisms, mostly archaea and bacteria strains available from public database. On average, 98% of the annotated genes have at least one probe which is predicted to be specific to its intended target in >94% of the cases. OligoArrayDb is weekly updated as new sequenced genomes become available. Probe sequences, in addition to a comprehensive set of annotations can be downloaded from this database. OligoArrayDb is publicly accessible online at http://berry.engin.umich.edu/oligoarraydb.
Debilidad: A Biocultural Assessment of an Embodied Andean Illness

Northern Peruvian highlanders complain of debilidad to express an embodied exhaustion resulting from a lifelong accumulation of productive and reproductive stresses. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and a political-economic and materialistinformed biocultural approach to explore this "women's illness " and why is also experienced by men and children. Eighty-two percent of cases of debilidad occur in the households of postreproductive women with debilidad. For women, household sex ratio, number of pregnancies, and death of offspring are associated with the incidence of debilidad, while for men, household wealth is the most salient correlate. The young required to undertake full adult responsibilities are also vulnerable. Findings are strengthened when the household is used as the unit of analysis. [Andes, culture-bound illness, biocultural, embodiment, reproduction]
A dendroarchaeological approach to Mississippian culture occupational history in Eastern Tennessee, U.S.A.

We investigated the potential for using long-archived wood samples extracted from archaeological contexts at four Mississippian Period (AD 900–1600) settlements in eastern Tennessee for tree-ring dating purposes. Sixteen wood samples recovered from prehistoric sites were analyzed to: (1) crossmatch samples from each site with the intent of determining the relative chronological order of sites, (2) establish a floating prehistoric tree-ring chronology for eastern Tennessee, (3) determine the applicability of dendrochronology in prehistoric archaeology in eastern Tennessee, and (4) establish a strategy for future research in the region. We succeeded in crossmatching only three of the 16 tree-ring sequences against each other, representing two sites relatively close to each other: Upper Hampton and Watts Bar Reservoir. The average interseries correlation of these three samples was 0.74 with an average mean sensitivity of 0.26, and they were used to create a 131-year-long floating chronology. The remaining samples contained too few rings (15 to 43) for conclusive crossmatching. Our results demonstrate that dendrochronological techniques may be applied to the practice of prehistoric archaeology in the Southeastern U.S., but highlight the challenges that face dendroarchaeologists: (1) poor wood preservation at prehistoric sites, (2) too few rings in many samples, (3) the lack of a reference chronology long enough for absolute dating, and (4) the lack of a standard on-site sampling protocol to ensure the fragile wood samples remain intact.
Order out of Chaos

The current crisis in the world's fisheries indicates the need for a different management method than that now used by Western scientists, which regulates the quantity of fish taken. The authors propose a method called parametric management, which takes into account the complex, chaotic nature offish stocks and emphasizes preserving regular biological processes in the life cycle of fish by controlling how people fish. Supporting data come from 28 folk societies, the Maine lobster industry, and the authors' mathematical model of fish stocks.
Secure Inter-Vehicle Communications

The study done by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) shows that developing automotive collision warning and avoidance systems will be very effective for reducing fatalities, injuries and associated costs. In order to develop an automotive collision warning and avoidance system, it will be necessary that the vehicles should be able to exchange (in real time) their dynamic information such as speed, acceleration, direction, relative position, etc. The only way to exchange the vehicles dynamic information will be through wireless communications. The communication links among vehicles must be secured. Otherwise, hackers may inject some misleading data into the inter-vehicle messages to make the vehicle systems malfunction. In this paper, we have presented a technique for exchanging vehicles dynamic information in a secure mode. We also investigated the feasibility of implementing secure inter-vehicle communication links using todays technology. Our study shows that current technology will allow us to build such a system.
A Simple, Highly Sensitive Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Zinc in Serum

A simple, reliable, highly sensitive method for the determination of zinc in biological fluids is described. Interfering trace metals are removed as insoluble iodides or hydroxides prior to complex formation of zinc with dithizone in a Tris-buffered trichloroacetate centrifugate. Absorbance of the chelate is read at 555 nm. The sensitivity of the new method is comparable to that of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and the results of zinc determinations of 23 sera by the two procedures agree to within acceptable limits of experimental error.
Axisymmetric Synthetic Jets: Modeling of the Far-field Momentum Flux

Our previous study has shown that the far-field features of synthetic jets are determined by an effective eddy viscosity, e, and the far-field momentum flux, K. In order to estimate the far-field momentum flux based on the jet-formation conditions without actually measuring the flow field, the evolution of vortices that form the jet flow is first modeled. It is suggested from this model that the calculation of the far-field momentum flux can be converted to the estimation of the hydrodynamic impulse of the corresponding starting vortex, under the assumption that the jet flow is fully developed and periodic. Then, this hydrodynamic impulse is estimated based on a slug flow model. In this way, the complicated interaction between the jet exit wall and the forming vortex is implicitly accounted by the final shape of the vortex structure. Finally, the overall performance of the model is verified through experiment. The validity of this study suggests that the scaled momentum flux is primarily related to the stroke ratio for a given type of synthetic actuator.
Performance of early-generation and modern strawberry cultivars from the University of California breeding programme in growing systems simulating traditional and modern horticulture

SummaryEleven strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) cultivars released by the University of California breeding programme from 1945 – 1966, and nine cultivars released between 1993 – 2004 were evaluated using growing systems with important features of the horticultural practices common during the period of release for each set of cultivars. Values for fruit yield, fruit size, commercial fruit appearance, and fruit firmness, averaged over both horticultural systems, were 47 – 140% greater for modern cultivars than for those released from 1945 – 1966, with the largest increase observed for fruit yield. Differences between early-generation and modern cultivars were highly statistically significant (P < 0.01) for all traits. Comparisons between early-generation and modern cultivars suggest changes for individual traits of 1 – 3% per year. Interactions between cultivar set and horticultural system were statistically significant for plant diameter and fruit yield, but the components of variance for this source e...
Xenopus: leaping forward in kidney organogenesis

While kidney donations stagnate, the number of people in need of kidney transplants continues to grow. Although transplanting culture-grown organs is years away, pursuing the engineering of the kidney de novo is a valid means of closing the gap between the supply and demand of kidneys for transplantation. The structural organization of a mouse kidney is similar to that of humans. Therefore, mice have traditionally served as the primary model system for the study of kidney development. The mouse is an ideal model organism for understanding the complexity of the human kidney. Nonetheless, the elaborate structure of the mammalian kidney makes the discovery of new therapies based on de novo engineered kidneys more challenging. In contrast to mammals, amphibians have a kidney that is anatomically less complex and develops faster. Given that analogous genetic networks regulate the development of mammalian and amphibian nephric organs, using embryonic kidneys of Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) to analyze inductive cell signaling events and morphogenesis has many advantages. Pioneering work that led to the ability to generate kidney organoids from embryonic cells was carried out in Xenopus. In this review, we discuss how Xenopus can be utilized to compliment the work performed in mammalian systems to understand kidney development.
An Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles in Guizhou Province in 2008

Objective: To understand the measles epidemic status in Guizhou province during 2008,and provide evidence for strategies and measures of measles elimination.Methods: The measles data of 2008 reported by measles surveillance system in Guizhou province were analyzed with descriptive epidemiology method.Results: There were 1235 diagnosed measles cases during 2008,and the incidence was 3.11/100 000.Measles cases occurred in 75 counties which accounted for 85.2%(75/88) of the whole province.The disease peak seasons were May～July and October～December.The diseased children were mostly under 5 and the case proportions of 8～11 months and 1～2 years old were 20.7% and 26.1% respectively.56.7% of the patients didn't have measles vaccination history.There were 11 measles outbreaks in whole province,and 5 of them were in urban areas where the cases accounted for 86.0% of all outbreak cases.Conclusion: Low coverage of measles containing vaccine(MCV) was the main cause of high measles incidence in Guizhou province.To control and eliminate measles,routine and timely vaccination should be improved,health service management in urban areas should be strengthened,and good measles surveillance and control of hospital transmission should be emphasized.
Cry Analysis in Clinical Neonatal Diagnosis

The first cry studies on infant cries are from the end of the last century. They were mainly based on auditory identification of the cry and its characteristics. Progress in cry research was maintained by the development of equipment for permanent recording of the sound, from the gramophone almost a hundred years ago to tape recorders in the 1920s and the sound spectrograph in the 1940s. Now in the 1980s, data computing analysis of various cry characteristics might become the most profitable mode of developing cry research from different aspects.
Summary of Part Two

Part 1 of this book outlined five common objections to human reproductive cloning and human clones: (1) the technology offends God and nature; (2) the technology threatens to reduce human beings to the level of manmade objects; (3) human clones are copies; (4) human clones threaten the survival of the human species; and (5) the technology is unsafe for participants and produces human clones with serious birth defects. I explained how these objections are based on, and inspire, stereotypes about human clones. Part 2 of this book moved on to public policy analysis. I described how anticloning laws work and how the five objections inspired the enactment of the laws. Next, reasoning by analogy to antimiscegenation laws, which once sought to prevent the birth of mixed-race children, I explained that anticloning laws are just another attempt to impose existential segregation on another unpopular class of humans. Construed narrowly, existential segregation simply excludes some human clones from existence. However, as Chapter 9 explained, this narrow interpretation does not do existential segregation justice. Existential segregation must be recognized as a broader form of discrimination that requires the government to injure the living deliberately. Anticloning laws target human clones for nonexistence before birth. This stigmatizes those who are born in defiance of anticloning laws. The laws, moreover, cannot succeed in preventing births unless they deter offshore cloning and punish lawbreakers. Thus, the laws exclude some cloned babies and children at the national border and take parents and parental assets away from others.
Effect of pre-freezing treatments on the quality of Alaska pollock fillets subjected to freezing/thawing

Abstract Alaska pollock, immediately frozen at sea in the Bering Sea, were thawed in a cold room until the fish core temperature reached −1.5 °C. Whole fish (WF) and headed and gutted fish (HF), stored under refrigeration for 0, 4, 8 and 12 h, were subsequently filleted and frozen at −18 °C. Fillets were subjected to freezing/thawing (F/T) cycles (0, 3, 6, and 12 cycles) before measuring biochemical and textural properties. Trimethylamine-N-oxide demethylase (TMAOase), formaldehyde (FA) and dimethylamine (DMA) contents in the HF group significantly increased as F/T cycles repeated. FA and DMA content at 12-F/T decreased when refrigeration time before filleting increased. Decreases in surface hydrophobicity at 12-F/T led to textural toughening of frozen fillets due to protein aggregation by FA. F/T, which mimics long-term commercial frozen storage, possibly accelerated the release and accumulation of TMAOase through due to ice crystal formation and its subsequent growth. As a result, rapid quality deterioration was observed as F/T was repeated.
Reach of movie smoking among U.S. adolescents.

B52 OBJECTIVE To determine the reach of movie smoking in a representative sample of young U.S. adolescents. METHODS We conducted a survey of 6522 nationally representative U.S. adolescents aged 10-14 years. We counted occurrences of smoking in 534 popular box office hits. Each movie title was assigned to a random subsample of adolescents (mean = 613) who were each asked to indicate whether or not they had seen it. Using weights, this allowed determination of the total number of U.S. adolescents who had seen each movie. Gross smoking impressions (GSI) seen by adolescents were determined by multiplying the estimated number seeing the movie by the number of smoking depictions within each movie. RESULTS The 534 movies were mainly PG-13 (41%) and R-rated (40%), and 74% contained smoking totaling some 3830 smoking occurrences. On average, each movie was seen by 25% of the 10-14 year olds surveyed. Viewership was inversely associated with age and was lower for R-rated movies (mean = 14%) than PG-13 (27%), PG (47%) or G movies (51%). In aggregate, this sample of movies delivered 13.9 billion GSI of smoking, an average of 665 GSI to each of the U.S. adolescents in this age group. Although R-rated movies from this sample contained 60% of all smoking occurrences, they delivered only 39% of GSI due to lower adolescent viewership. Thirty popular movies each delivered 100 million or more GSI. A group of 30 actors each delivered more than 50 million GSI each, such that just 1.5% of actors delivered, in aggregate, one-quarter of all character smoking to the adolescent sample. Another group of popular stars appeared in as many as 10 of the movies in the sample, but did not smoke in any. CONCLUSION Popular movies deliver billions of smoking images and character smoking depictions to young U.S. adolescents. Removing smoking images from youth-rated films would substantially reduce exposure from new box office hits. In addition, popular actors who often smoke in movies could affect adolescent movie smoking exposure not smoking on screen.
Right time, right place: the temporal regulation of developmental gene expression

Many studies have focused on defining the critical transcription factors that specify tissue morphogenesis and differentiation. Our understanding of how these spatial regulators are deployed in the proper temporal order, however, has remained less clear. In this issue of Genes & Development, Uyehara and colleagues (pp. 862-875) provide new insights into the mechanisms by which temporal and spatial regulators are coordinated to control Drosophila wing development during metamorphosis.
Reviewing the Evidence: Do Orthodontic Premolar Extractions Directly Cause Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

Objectives The aim of this paper is to review recent literature on the effects of orthodontic premolar extractions contributing to obstructive sleep apnea The paper also reviews the literature regarding effects of extractions on dental arch length total tongue space changes and upper airway changes Methods The PubMed database was systematically searched to obtain all the current eligible papers covering the period from Exclusion criteria included papers not published in the English language Searches included reference key words including obstructive sleep apnea orthodontic treatment premolar extraction and airway space Results After assessing the available articles a total of articles were chosen in the correct time frame to be considered a current analysis of the data Conclusion To date there is no evidence that orthodontic premolar extractions directly cause obstructive sleep apnea
Brief Announcement: Fence Insertion for Straight-line Programs is in P

Relaxed memory models reorder instructions in the interest of performance. However, reordering of instructions can jeopardize correctness and memory fences should be used to preserve specific orders. Programs that carry explicit fences are over-specified as they are tied to specific architectures and memory models and are hence unportable. On the other hand, once the program specifies the high-level required orders, optimizing compilers can allocate optimum memory fences for multiple architectures. However, the fence insertion problem for general programs is NP-hard. In this paper, we consider fence insertion for straight-line programs. We present a polynomial-time greedy algorithm via reduction to the chain multi-cut problem.
‘I’m not racist; my high school was diverse!’ white preservice teachers deploy diversity in the classroom

This study employs ethnographic methods to explore the ways that white American preservice teachers in two different Social Contexts of Education classes conceptualise diversity and use this term t...
Models and Smart Adaptive Interfaces for the Improvement of the Remote Laboratories User Experience in Education

Remote laboratories in the educational context are made possible by the integration of the latest advances in telecommunication technology, software architectures and educational standards support. Remote laboratories are important in education because they provide access to equipment that some institutions cannot afford to purchase or maintain, reduce the need for dedicated physical space for equipment and personnel to staff laboratories. But more than just fill the absence of a real physical laboratory, remote laboratories can improve the users experience through the use of enhanced adaptive interfaces that, when complemented with the use of educational standards like Tin can API, can provide information important in the educational context, for example, the mastery level of the student and the complexity of the experiment. Based on that information, the remote laboratory could take actions related to the controls of the experiment, for example, disabling or enabling part of the experiment controls. Using smart adaptive interfaces, the experiments can gradually increase their complexity, taking into account variables that are clearly identified as part of the learning processes, such as: difficulty level of the topic, students’ knowledge, and course level among others.
Meeting the Needs of Rural Adults with Mental Illness and Dual Diagnoses

Vocational rehabilitation counselors have seen an increase in the number of persons they serve with mental illness and dual diagnoses. Many residents in rural areas with mental illness avoid seeking treatment because of stigma and attitudinal barriers. Both geographic barriers and shortages of mental health professionals in rural, frontier, and territory (RFT) regions influence rural residents’ access to mental health treatment and associated services. The consequence for individuals with dual diagnosis is fewer choices in terms of treatment. In this chapter, the barriers to mental health treatment in RFT areas are discussed as well as risk factors for individuals diagnosed with mental illness in rural settings and the economic and social costs. A significant proportion of the chapter is dedicated to protective factors that are relevant to mental health counseling of persons with dual diagnoses in rural communities. Next, ways of rethinking approaches to service delivery are discussed. The chapter concludes with exploring recovery and employment.
20 – Technology Integration and Behavioral Assessment

Publisher Summary This chapter reveals that the technological advances in handheld computer technology have provided new opportunities for the collection of self-monitoring data. Although the handheld computing technology that makes ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies possible is relatively new, self-monitoring as a behavioral assessment technique is not. Compared to other self-monitoring approaches, EMA is a desirable option for several reasons. Data may be easily collected on an interval, event-contingent, or random schedule. If a signal-contingent interval sampling strategy is used, data-collection periods can be scheduled at equal or random intervals using commercially available software. Collected data may be time-stamped and stored in a database accessible by routinely used statistical packages. Another advantage of EMA, and all computerized adaptive testing, is that branching algorithms may be programmed into the software to create sophisticated questionnaires that dynamically reconfigure based on an individual's prior response.
Paging Paul Krugman: Toward a Topoi of an Exemplar Public Intellectual in the Natural and Physical Sciences:

American economist Paul Krugman has become a highly influential public intellectual in the social sciences. The natural and physical sciences need a public intellectual like Krugman to make more effective arguments for the existence and urgency of climate change, the benefits of vaccine use, and other pressing issues. To demonstrate how such a goal can be achieved, this article presents a rhetorical analysis of Krugman’s public intellectual writing in The New York Times from 2013 to 2016. The substantial public impact of this body of work stems from Krugman’s use of rhetorical strategies that are both similar to and—more importantly—a departure from strategies used by other well-known public intellectuals in the sciences.
Maxon and roton measurements in nanoconfined He 4

We investigate the behavior of the collective excitations of adsorbed $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ in an ordered hexagonal mesopore, examining the crossover from a thin film to a confined fluid. Here, we present the inelastic scattering results as a function of filling at constant temperature. We find a monotonic transition of the maxon excitation as a function of filling. This has been interpreted as corresponding to an increasing density of the adsorbed helium, which approaches the bulk value as filling increases. The roton minimum exhibits a more complicated behavior that does not monotonically approach bulk values as filling increases. The full pore scattering resembles the bulk liquid accompanied by a layer mode. The maxon and roton scattering, taken together, at intermediate fillings does not correspond to a single bulk liquid dispersion at negative, low, or high pressure.
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta: Implementation and Preliminary Results at an Academic Level I Trauma Center.

Background Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a novel method of controlling subdiaphragmatic hemorrhage while improving hemodynamic stability. This procedure achieves many of the goals of resuscitative thoracotomy (RT), but is less invasive. Here, we present the initial experience with REBOA at a level 1 academic trauma center. Study Design We performed a retrospective review. Orientation of surgeons and residents to REBOA was accomplished by an educational program including a hands-on simulation session (1.5 hours). Surgeons were not required to attend an external training course. Operating room personnel were oriented with a slide presentation. Initially, a 12-Fr introducer and aortic occlusion balloon were used. Subsequently, a 7-Fr device was used. All REBOAs were performed in a dedicated hybrid operating room. Resuscitative thoracotomy was performed in the trauma bays and operating room. Results During a 21-month period (June 2015 to March 2017), 16 patients (Injury Severity Score [ISS] 38.6 ± 22.3, Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] 8.9 ± 5.9, lactate 4.91 ± 3.26 mmol/L) had REBOA placed. All patients were hemodynamically unstable (systolic blood pressure 96.5 ± 9.3 mmHg) due to hemorrhage. Preoperative hemoglobin ranged from 5 to 14.4 mg/dL. Etiology of hemorrhage was blunt trauma (n = 11), penetrating injury (n = 2), and nontraumatic mechanisms (n = 3). After REBOA, hemodynamic status improved in 10 of 16 patients. Fourteen patients survived the initial operative intervention and 6 survived 30 days; REBOA was successfully performed in all patients. One survivor developed a common femoral pseudoanuerysm. Survival for RT (ISS 31.3 ± 11.25) during same period was 0%. Conclusions Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta is an effective method of improving hemodynamic status in patients with sub-diaphragmatic hemorrhage. Extensive training is not required to implement a REBOA program, and REBOA is a useful technique for trauma surgeons.
The trigonometric functions

Originally, trigonometry was developed to solve problems involving triangles. As such, it is a very important tool for surveyors, machinists, engineers, astronomers, and navigators. As we shall see, the trigonometric functions are readily available in APL. Therefore, we shall study some of the basic properties of the trigonometric functions and explore their use in solving triangles. This chapter is not intended as a complete study of the trigonometric functions. Many of the topics usually studied in a course in trigonometry will be omitted.
Acute Injuries of the Articular Surfaces

The terms osteochondral fracture, transchondral, flake or chip fracture, osteochondritis dissecans or osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) are often used interchangeably to describe injuries of the articular surfaces of bone. By definition, an acute osteochondral or transchondral fracture is a lesion of the articular surface of bone, produced by a force transmitted from one congruous articular surface to another through a joint space and into the underlying subchondral trabeculae (Berndt and Harty 1959).
Activism? Yes! The AMA? Maybe Not.

Physician organizations have an ethical obligation to advocate for general improvement of public health, even if it is sometimes at the expense of interests of medical professionals. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
The Dynamics of Personal Saving

In the analyses to this point, total expenditure has been used for the budget constraint, which (among other things) leaves the relationship between total expenditure, saving, and income up in the air. In this chapter, we shall take a brief look at the results from applying the B-C model to personal saving. Doing this is relevant not only to the present effort, but also for any insight that it might provide into the current extremely low personal saving rate in the U.S. However, a major problem in analyzing personal saving is deciding upon the particular measure to analyze. Three measures are available. The first measure is from the National Income and Product Accounts, the second is from the U.S. Flow of Fund Accounts constructed by the Federal Reserve, and, finally, the third is the one constructed by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Molecular weight determination of two genetically linked cell surface murine antigens: thb and ly-6.

Various murine tumor lines were screened by FACS analysis for the surface antigens ThB and Ly-6.2. Positive cell lines were used for immunoprecipitation studies. A monoclonal ThB-specific antibody immunoprecipitated a unique acidic protein of approximately 16 000 daltons from several positive tumors and from concanavalin A (Con-A) and LPS activated splenic lymphocytes. Monoclonal Ly-6.2-specific antibody was used to immunoprecipitate a 33 500 dalton protein that was shown to exist in four similarly sized forms with different basic charges. In the course of these studies, the apparent molecular weight of the surface antigen T 30, immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal T 30-specific antibody from the cell line EL4, was found to be approximately 25 000 daltons.
Evaluation of Biodiesel Fuel in an EMD GP38-2 Locomotive

This report documents results of fuel consumption and exhaust emission tests performed on a 2000 hp EMD GP38-2 locomotive operating on four different fuels. No operational problems were observed by SwRI on any of the test fuels, and the locomotive engine was able to produce within 1% to 2% of full rated power while operating on the biodiesel blends.
A Randomized Trial of Rapamycin to Increase Longevity and Healthspan in Companion Animals: Navigating the Boundary Between Protections for Animal Research and Human Subjects Research.

Rapamycin is FDA approved as an immune-suppressive and anti-cancer drug and is routinely used as an anti-rejection drug in transplants (Li et al. 2014). Rapamycin has also been extensively studied ...
Abstract WP84: National Inpatient Sample Analysis of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Trends in Treatment and In-Hospital Complications 2002-2014

Introduction: Our objective was to determine trends in treatment preference and in-hospital complications of patients undergoing elective and non-elective treatment for unruptured intracranial aneu...
Maintaining operative efficiency while allowing sufficient time for residents to learn.

Abstract Background Surgical residents desire independent operating experience but recognize that attendings have a responsibility to keep cases as short as possible. Methods We analyzed video and interviews of attending surgeons related to more than 400 moments in which the resident was the primary operator. We examined these moments for themes related to timing and pace. Results Our surgeons encouraged the residents to speed up when patient safety could be jeopardized by the case moving too slowly. In contrast, they encouraged the residents to slow down when performing a crucial step or granting independence. Attending surgeons encouraged speed through economical language, by substituting physical actions for words, and through the use of Intelligent Cooperation. Conversely, they encouraged slowing down via just-in-time mini-lectures and by questioning the trainee. Conclusions We present recommendations for safe teaching in the operating room while simultaneously maintaining overall surgical flow. Teaching residents to operate quickly can save time and is likely based on an automaticity in teaching. Slowing a resident down is vital for trainee skill development and patient safety.
Interferon-gamma production in Lyme arthritis synovial tissue promotes differentiation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes into immune effector cells.

Lyme arthritis (LA), a late disease manifestation of Borrelia burgdorferi infection, usually resolves with antibiotic therapy. However, some patients develop proliferative synovitis lasting months to several years after spirochetal killing, called postinfectious LA. In this study, we phenotyped haematopoietic and stromal cell populations in the synovial lesion ex vivo and used these findings to generate an in vitro model of LA using patient-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Ex vivo analysis of synovial tissue revealed high abundance of IFNγ-producing T cells and NK cells. Similar to marked IFNγ responses in tissue, postinfectious LA synovial fluid also had high levels of IFNγ. HLA-DR-positive FLS were present throughout the synovial lesion, particularly in areas of inflammation. FLS stimulated in vitro with B. burgdorferi, which were similar to conditions during infection, expressed 68 genes associated primarily with innate immune activation and neutrophil recruitment. In contrast, FLS stimulated with IFNγ, which were similar to conditions in the postinfectious phase, expressed >2,000 genes associated with pathogen sensing, inflammation, and MHC Class II antigen presentation, similar to the expression profile in postinfectious synovial tissue. Furthermore, costimulation of FLS with B. burgdorferi and IFNγ induced greater expression of IL-6 and other innate immune response proteins and genes than with IFNγ stimulation alone. These results suggest that B. burgdorferi infection, in combination with IFNγ, initiates the differentiation of FLS into a highly inflammatory phenotype. We hypothesise that overexpression of IFNγ by lymphocytes within synovia perpetuates these responses in the postinfectious period, causing proliferative synovitis and stalling appropriate repair of damaged tissue.
A hands-on resident umbilical cord blood educational curriculum compared to online education of post-residency obstetricians: comparison of the volume of collected cord blood units.

BACKGROUND Umbilical cord blood unit (CBU) volume is a predictor of its later clinical utility. Many studies suggest the need to increase the volume of CBU collected, but most obstetrical providers receive no formal collection training. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We designed and implemented an educational curriculum for obstetrics residents aimed at improving collection methods and increasing CBU volumes (CBUV). Residents were required to attend grand rounds and interactive didactic sessions on CBU collection followed by work with a simulated collection kit and then performed training collections under observation by a trained collector. Residents completed a self-assessment after each collection and received immediate personal feedback. Outside providers (non-UAMS physicians) received written instructional materials with the collection kits and had access to online training materials. They received feedback regarding their collection via standard mail. CBU donated to Cord Blood Bank of Arkansas for public use from 2014-2016 were analyzed. CBUV from residents were compared to those from outside providers. RESULTS After adjusting for maternal age and race, infant gender, gestational age, and birth weight, the least-squared mean CBUV was 92.1 mL for UAMS collections and 65.5 mL for outside provider collections. The improved CBUV of UAMS providers is statistically significant (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our educational intervention was successful, and we believe that it can be replicated in other obstetrical residency programs. Cord blood collection education involving hands-on training with a model and immediate feedback improves CBUV, decreases kit waste, increases likelihood of CBU storage, and, therefore, inventory for transplantation.
Grain Acceleration by Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence: Gyroresonance Mechanism

We discuss a new mechanism of dust acceleration that acts in a turbulent magnetized medium. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence includes both fluid motions and magnetic fluctuations. We show that while the fluid motions bring about grain motions through the drag, the electromagnetic fluctuations can accelerate grains through resonant interactions. In this Letter, we calculate the grain acceleration by the gyroresonance in the cold neutral medium. We consider both incompressible and compressible MHD modes. We show that fast modes dominate the grain acceleration. For the parameters chosen, fast modes render to grains supersonic velocities that may shatter the grains and enable the efficient absorption of heavy elements. Since the grains are preferentially accelerated with large pitch angles, the supersonic grains get aligned with long axes perpendicular to the magnetic field.
HYPOCOMPLEMENTEMIC URTICARIAL VASCULITIS SYNDROME

Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) is a form of urticarial vasculitis (UV) characterized as a clinicopathologic entity comprised of chronic urticaria clinically and vasculitis pathologically. When patients with UV have an associated hypocomplementemia, they are more likely to manifest systemic complications of the disease and are characterized as having HUVS. HUVS is affected by both genetic and environmental factors; however, the exact cause remains unknown. HUVS is a rare disease with approximately 100 cases described, is more common in women, usually affects people in their 40s, and is rare in children but associated with a more complicated course when found in the pediatric population. Patients with HUVS have chronic urticaria for more than 6 months, hypocomplementemia, and a various array of systemic manifestations including musculoskeletal, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, cardiac, ophthalmologic, central nervous system, and rheumatologic features. Biopsies of active urticarial lesions show leukocytoclastic vasculitis with extravasation of white blood cells and endothelial cell damage. Patients almost invariably have low levels of the C1q component of complement as well as the presence of an IgG antibody directed against a collagen-like region of C1q, also refered to as C1q precipitans. Biopsies of certain organs, especially the kidney, may show deposits of these immune complexes within the basement membrane of inflamed tissue. The pathogenesis of HUVS is largely unknown, although hypotheses exist about exacerbating factors of the disease. HUVS is believed to be an autoimmune disease, much like systemic lupus erythematosus, with the formation of autoantibodies that cause immune complexes, deposition in certain parts of the body, and activation of the immune system causing inflammation and destruction. For example, immune complexes are thought to deposit in the lung, causing aggregation and activation of neutrophils, which actively secrete elastase, causing destruction of the lung architecture and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is no specific therapy for HUVS; however, many therapeutic agents have been found to be beneficial. Pruritus is treated with antihistamines and cutaneous manifestations have responded to dapsone, colchicine, antimalarials, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), interferon alpha, and corticosteroids. Severe systemic aspects of HUVS have been treated with chemotherapeutic/immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, and methotrexate, as well as combinations of previously mentioned agents. The prognosis of HUVS is relatively good; however, morbidity and mortality do occur, and are more likely to be seen in pediatric patients. Death from disease is rare, and is most commonly due to laryngeal edema or COPD.
New Hampshire Politics in 2017 and 2018

In 2017 and 2018, New Hampshire Republicans had unified control of the elected branches of state government for the first time in over a decade. At the same time, a wave of activism unleashed by Donald Trump’s election helped fuel Democratic victories in special and local elections, and ultimately led Democrats to win control of New Hampshire’s state legislature and executive council even in the face of strong gerrymanders. Governor Chris Sununu’s re-election was the only bright spot for Granite State Republicans in 2018.
1966 Evolution of a plant animal mutualism

Abstract Interactions between species that benefit the interacting species are called mutualisms. Daniel Janzen (1966) provided one of the earliest and most extensive examples of a mutualism between the plant Acacia cornigera and the ant Pseudomyrmex ferruginea.
Quantitative Study of the Interaction of Multivalent Ligand-Modified Nanoparticles with Breast Cancer Cells with Tunable Receptor Density

Multivalent nanoparticles that target a cell surface receptor that is overexpressed by cancer cells are a promising delivery system for cancer therapy. However, the impact of the receptor density a...
PROMIS Versus Legacy Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Symptomatic Acetabular Dysplasia.

Background:No previous study has investigated how the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) performs compared with legacy patient-reported outcome measures in patients w...
Teaching Pediatric Straddle Injury Repair with Use of a 3D Printed Model.

ABSTRACT Study Objective To determine the utility of a 3D vulvar model for teaching pediatric straddle injury repair. Design Prospective study. Setting Two academic hospitals. Participants Twenty obstetrics and gynecology residents Interventions and Main Outcome Measures Knowledge score on the basis of a 7-question pre/post test. Likert scale questions evaluated the 3D model as a teaching tool. Results Twenty residents participated; 2 (10%) had ever repaired a straddle injury. Knowledge scores increased after model use and didactic session from 3.05 of possible 7 to 6.35; P = .001. Only 2/20 (10%) residents “agreed” or “strongly agreed” with the statement, “I am comfortable repairing a straddle injury” before the intervention, compared with 19/20 (95%) afterward (P Conclusion The use of a 3D pediatric vulvar model can simulate surgical experience and can be an effective teaching tool when combined with a didactic session on pediatric straddle injury.