cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased Immunoreactivity for Jun- and Fos-Related Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease: Association with Pathology

The protein products of the Jun and Fos immediate early gene (IEG) families are cooperative transcriptional regulatory factors implicated in regulating the expression of many genes. The levels of a variety of proteins such as the amyloid precursor protein and basic fibroblast growth factor are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD), thus the events regulating these changes are of interest. Both of these genes contain an activator protein-1 consensus sequence which may be responsive to regulation by immediate early genes. In order to evaluate the potential involvement of IEGs in AD pathology, we have examined Jun- and Fos-related protein immunoreactivity in control and AD brain. Specifically, we investigated the correspondence of immunoreactivity for Jun and Fos proteins with immunoreactivity for paired helical filament-1 (PHF-1), a marker for neurofibrillary tangles which recognizes abnormally phosphorylated tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and thioflavine staining in double-labeling experiments. An intensification of both Jun and Fos immunoreactivity was observed in AD cases; in addition, both Jun and Fos immunoreactivity were colocalized with PHF-1 in some neurons in AD brain. Jun and Fos immunoreactivity were also colocalized with GFAP-positive astrocytes distributed in the cortex of AD and control cases, and surrounding thioflavine-stained plaques in AD brain. These observations suggest that members of the Jun and Fos IEG families may play a role in AD pathology.
Verification of a three-dimensional unstructured finite element method using analytic and manufactured solutions ☆

Abstract We report on the verification of a three-dimensional unstructured finite element method applicable to compressible fluid dynamics and diffusion problems. Our verification methodology uses a combination of analytic and manufactured solutions to formally measure convergence rates in global error for both shock-dominated flows and smooth problems. In addition we measure the global error in vorticity, which should converge at reduced-order relative to the velocity solution. The numerical method under investigation is an edge-based Finite Element formulation on linear tetrahedra with a parabolic MUSCL reconstruction for the advective fluxes. The scheme is nominally second-order accurate on smooth flows. For diffusion problems the formulation also is nominally second-order accurate. Using global error analysis we measure convergence rates of 0.8–1.0 for shock-dominated problems and 1.5–2.4 for smooth problems. Calculations with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) are observed to produce errors comparable to finer mesh simulations but at significantly reduced computational cost. A convergence rate of 2.2 also is observed for a simplified diffusion problem. Examples of how these studies can inform simulation practices are provided.
Online learning in wireless networks via directed graph lifting transform

Due to the complexity of wireless network operations, estimation of cost-to-go functions requires a large number of observations and is impractical in many real-world networks. In this paper, a novel framework for the online learning of cost-to-go functions using a local wavelet transform is presented. The proposed technique allows a considerable reduction in the number of observations needed for accurate estimation. The approach is based on the representation of the trajectory of the logical state of the network as a graph. The observed state trajectory (and thus cost trajectory) is projected onto a subset of the nodes to construct a small graph summarizing paths of the overall graph. Low-complexity local lifting transform operations, then, are used to recover the cost-to-go function on the whole graph. Numerical results for a wireless network with ∼ 1000 states show that the estimation error of the proposed technique is decreased by ∼ 50% in the early stages of learning with respect to standard Q-learning.
Hormonal, cardiovascular, and subjective responses to acute stress in smokers

Rationale There are complex relationships between stress and smoking; smoking may reduce the emotional discomfort of stress, yet nicotine activates stress systems and may alter responses to acute stress. It is important to understand how smoking affects physiological and psychological outcomes after stress and how these may interact to motivate smoking.
Depletion Kinetics of Niobium Atoms in the Gas Phase

The gas phase depletion kinetics of Nb(a6DJ,a4FJ) in the presence of O2, SO2, CO2, N2O, and NO are reported. Niobium atoms were produced by the 248 nm photodissociation of Nb(C5H5)(CO)4 and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The ground term of Nb(4d45s1 a6DJ) reacts at or above the collision rate with all of the aforementioned oxidants. The first excited term, Nb(4d35s2 a4FJ), is not as reactive with these oxidants. Results are interpreted in terms of long-range attractions and valence interactions. Additionally, we report reaction rate constants for ground state Nb interacting with N2, CH4, and SF6. Nb(a6DJ) is unreactive toward CH4. Nb(a6DJ) + N2 is pressure dependent at 297 K with k0 = (2.6 ± 0.3) × 10-32 cm6 s-1 and k∞ = (4.1 ± 0.5) × 10-13 cm3 s-1. Nb(a6DJ) + SF6 is temperature dependent with the rate constants given by k(T) = (1.2 ± 0.3) × 10-10 exp[−(4.8 ± 0.2) kcal mol-1/RT] cm3 s-1. Depletion of the a4FJ term by N2, SF6, and CH4 is J-dependent.
The effect of platelet lysate fibrinogen on the functionality of MSCs in immunotherapy.

Abstract Human platelet lysate (PL) represents an attractive alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for the ex vivo expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, there is controversy whether MSCs propagated in unfractionated PL retain their immunosuppressive properties. Since fibrinogen can be a major component of PL, we hypothesized that the fibrinogen content in PL negatively affects the suppressor function of MSCs. Pools of outdated plateletpheresis products underwent a double freeze–thaw centrifugation and filtration to produce unfractionated platelet lysates (uPL), followed by a temperature controlled clotting procedure to produce a fibrinogen depleted platelet lysate (fdPL). Fibrinogen depletion affected neither the mitogenic properties of PL or growth factor content, however fdPL was less prone to develop precipitate over time. Functionally, fibrinogen interacted directly with MSCs, dose dependently increased IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 protein production, and compromised the ability of MSCs to up-regulate indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO), as well as, mitigate T-cell proliferation. Similarly uPL expanded MSCs showed a reduced capability of inducing IDO and suppressing T-cell proliferation compared to FBS expanded MSCs. Replacing uPL with fdPL largely restored the immune modulating effects of MSCs. Together these data suggest that fibrinogen negatively affects the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs and fdPL can serve as non-xenogenic mitogenic supplement for expansion of clinical grade MSCs for immune modulation.
Congenital variations of the peroneus quartus muscle: an anatomic study.

There has been little research concerning this muscle since the 1920s, when Hecker13,14 described this muscle to be present in (13%) of his dissections of cadaver legs. The purpose of our dissections was to establish the incidence of the peroneus quartus muscle, its origins, and insertions. One hundred and twenty-four legs from 65 fresh human cadavers were dissected under loupe magnification. When the peroneus quartus tendon was found, its origin, insertion, and anatomic relationship to the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis were observed. All specimens were sketched and photographed. The peroneus quartus muscle was present in 27 legs (21.7% of specimens). Its origins, insertions, and size varied. In 17 legs (63%) the muscle originated from the muscular portion of the peroneus brevis, and inserted on the peroneal tubercle of the calcaneus. The peroneal tubercle was hypertrophied at the insertion in most cases. The results of this study in general show that there was much higher incidence of the peroneus ...
School Administrators' Use of iPads: Impact of Training and Attitudes toward School Use.

As Apple iPads are increasingly being adopted in schools for educational purposes, school administrators are seen as the key facilitators in the implementation of this new technology. This survey-based quantitative study investigated the impact of receiving iPad training on school administrators’ attitudes towards iPad use in their professional lives and in the classroom by teachers. The participants consisted of 51 elementary and secondary school administrators in one of the largest public charter school systems in a southwestern state. School administrators reported that iPads were effective tools for administrative tasks and personal organization. Results also suggest that school administrators in this study had positive views regarding the potential of iPads’ current and future use in the classroom by teachers. Furthermore, the training process had a positive effect on the school administrators’ development of iPad skills and knowledge.
Particle production for a muon storage ring I. Targetry and π/μ yield

Efficient production and collection of a large number of muons is needed to make a neutrino factory based on a muon storage ring viable. Results of extensive MARS simulations for 2–30 GeV protons on various targets in a 20 T hybrid solenoid followed by a matching section and decay channel are reported. Part I describes pion and muon yields, targetry issues, and beam energy and power considerations. Part II describes radiation loads on targets, the capturing system and shielding. r 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Continuation and reflection of solutions of partial differential equations

A solution of an ordinary differential equation can be continued as long as its graph stays in the domain, in which the equation is regular. On the other hand a solution of a partial differential equation can have a natural boundary interior to the domain of regularity of the equation. Let R be a closed region and S a portion of the boundary of R. Then S is a natural boundary for a solution u defined in R, if there exists no solution defined in a full neighbourhood of a point of S which agrees with u in R. Examples for the occurrence of such natural boundaries are well known from the theory of harmonic functions. Neither the equation nor the solution has to show any very singular behavior on approaching a natural boundary S.
Eigenstructure variability of the multiple-source multiple-sensor covariance matrix with contaminated Gaussian data

Several methods of current interest for counting and locating signal sources using data from a passive array depend on the accuracy of estimating the eigenstructure of the covariance matrix of the array's data vectors. When errors in the measured data vectors are Gaussian conventional covariance estimation is optimal, but robust procedure are required for data with nonGaussian additive contamination. Two different robust covariance estimators are compared by simulation with the conventional one for different degrees of contamination. Even in relatively good signal-to-noise ratios, however, closeness of signal sources in the temporal and spatial frequency domains can cause inaccurate signal-related eigenvalue and eigenvector estimates. The degree of adversity for these problems is also shown by simulation. >
Ganglion cyst of the long head of the biceps.

From the Orthopaedic Service, 51st Combat Supporl Hospital, U.S. Army, Frankfurt, Germany. Reprint requests: Scott E. Cameron, MD, 322 Maryknoll, Marshfield, Wl 54449. J SHOULDER ELBOW SURG 1995;4:309 11. 3214158235 nerve palsyT' ~ Recently magnetic resonance imaging has been reported to facilitate the diagnosis of shoulder girdle ganglia. 1" 71 report an unusual location of a ganglion that was intimately associated with the intraarticularportion of the tendon of the long head of the biceps.
How and Why Collaborative Software Development Impacts the Software Engineering Course

This paper presents the results of an initial quantitative investigation to assess a variety of factors that potentially affect the collaborative software development experience. This research was conducted with 119 students in two undergraduate software engineering classes at North Carolina State University. A survey was administered where students could reflect on their collaborative experiences. We analyzed these factors for interrelationships as well as for correlations with performance in the course, grade point average, and SAT scores. Our findings support the components of the proposed Social Interaction Model of Pair Programming. The substantiation of the Social Interaction Model of Pair Programming values suggests that they should be considered in course planning. We also find that work ethic and self-perceived programming ability positively correlate with GPA
Electroporation of biological membranes from multicellular to nano scales

Electroporation, widely used in research and applications, is briefly reviewed. Both cell and artificial planar bilayer membranes exhibit dramatic changes if the transmembrane voltage is raised to /spl sim/0.2 to 1 V by various electric field pulses. Ionic and molecular transport increases by orders of magnitude, with both reversible and irreversible outcomes. Initially the term breakdown was used, but ion pair generation of classic dielectric breakdown was ruled out. Instead, a stochastic pore hypothesis is consistent with features of electroporation in planar lipid membranes. There is a rapid, nonlinear conduction increase through a rapidly evolving pore population, and this causes the fast membrane discharge previously termed "breakdown". Phenomena due to primary aqueous pores and secondary processes such as heating and chemical exchange have been observed in planar bilayers, cell single systems encountered mainly in vitro, multicellular systems relevant to in vivo applications, and possibly subcellular structures such as mitochondria. For membrane systems that approach nanoscales, modified behavior should occur because of conformational constraints, and deterministic processes may become more important. Understanding electroporation is a subset of a general problem: obtaining a quantitative description of how electromagnetic field-altered changes in chemical species within a biological system govern observed effects.
Advanced gate stack work function optimization and substrate dependent strain interactions on HKMG first stacks for 28nm VLSI ultra low power technologies

Different gate stack optimizations and substrate dependent strain interactions have been studied and implemented in a cost-effective 28nm VLSI ultra low power technology. Drive current improvements for NFET ID,SAT = 870μA/μm and PFET ID,SAT = 465μA/μm at IOFF = 1nA/μm and VDS = 1V can be demonstrated by using compressive and tensile contact layers on (100)/ substrates. Work function optimizations result in a proper threshold voltage adjustment and improved reliability behavior for 28nm ultra low power technologies. SOC level test design implementations show consistent yield as well as improved performance.
Multi-camera Based Traffic Flow Characterization & Classification

We describe a system that employs the use of an omnidirectional camera in tandem with a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera in order to characterize traffic flows, analyze vehicles, and detect and capture anomalous behaviors. The framework is such that we can generate long-term statistics of traffic patterns while still monitoring unusual activity, even apart from the traffic zone. We use the PTZ in conjunction with the omni camera in order to perform classification analysis at coarse and fine levels. The omni performs the coarse classification and using information from that camera, the PTZ is able to perform refined classifications while actively moving throughout the scene.
Consumer Enrollment and Experiences in the Cash and Counseling Program

Study Context Consumer direction of Medicaid supportive services raises concerns about who should be permitted to self-direct, whether consumers should be allowed to pay family members, whether a self-directed option increases demand for services, and how to ensure quality. The Cash and Counseling programs contained features designed to address these concerns.
Multistate least-squares parameter estimators

Multistage least-squares parameter estimation algorithms which are either recursive in the dimension of an assumed linear model, or both recursive in the model dimension and sequential in time are obtained. Different aspects of the following problems are considered. 1) Given a linear model, Z(k)= K(k)\theta + V(k) , with n unknown parameters, \theta , and datum \{Z(k), K(k)\} , obtain least-square estimators (LSE's) which are recursive in the dimension of \theta . 2) Given the same conditions as in 1), a new measurement becomes available at time t_{k+1} , obtain a LSE for \theta which is both recursive in the dimension of \theta and sequential in t .
Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm to Alpha-Helical Peptides: D-enantiomer of LL-37

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly versatile opportunistic pathogen and its ability to produce biofilms is a direct impediment to the healing of wounds and recovery from infection. Interest in anti-microbial peptides has grown due to their potential therapeutic applications and their possible use against antibiotic resistant bacteria. LL-37 is the only cathelicidin expressed by humans. In this study, we tested LL-37 and the effect of a protease-resistant LL-37 peptide mimetic, the peptide enantiomer D-LL-37, for anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa. Both forms of the peptide were equally effective as anti-microbial peptides with similar killing kinetics. CD spectra were obtained to demonstrate the chirality of D- and L-LL-37, and the trypsin resistance of D-LL-37 was confirmed. The helical cathelicidin from the cobra Naja atra (NA-CATH), and synthetic peptide variations (ATRA-1, ATRA-2, NA-CATH:ATRA1-ATRA1) were also tested. Although the cobra cathelicidin and related peptides had strong anti-microbial activity, those tested did not inhibit Pseudomonas biofilm formation, neither did control peptides. Both D- and L-LL-37 inhibited the attachment of Pseudomonas to a 96-well plate and decreased the amount of pre-formed (established) biofilm. D-LL-37 is able to promote Pseudomonas motility and decrease biofilm formation by altering the rate of twitching as well as by downregulating the expression of the biofilm-related genes, rhlA and rhlB, similar to L-LL-37. Both L- and D-LL-37 protected Galleria mellonella in vivo against Pseudomonas infection, while NA-CATH:ATRA1-ATRA1 peptide did not. This study demonstrates the ability and equivalence of D-LL-37 compared to L-LL-37 to promote bacterial twitching motility and inhibit biofilm formation, and protect against in vivo infection, and suggests that this peptide could be a critical advancement in the development of new treatments for P. aeruginosa infection.
Rail traffic management systems (TMS)

Rail Traffic Management Systems (TMS) are systems designed to support managing the inherent complexity of rail services and rail networks by providing an integrated and holistic view of operational performance, enabling rail operational staff to better balance the sometimes competing demands of aspects such as track access and train crew resources when taking decisions. Rail Traffic Management Systems support railway operations processes and procedures, and are systems based on the concept of a single, integrated and consistent set of operational data, enabling high levels of rail operations efficiency. This paper will introduce the concept, context and objectives of Traffic Management, present a case study - Railway Operation Management in Austria - and discuss the implementation of Rail Traffic Management for GB Rail.
Intelligent sensor fusion for the 1997 AAAI mobile robot competition

The Colorado School of Mines (CSM) will field a team of undergraduates for two events in the 1997 AAAI Mobile Robot Competition: Life on Mars and HOTS D’oeuvres. The objectives of the team are (1) to gain experience with implementing behaviors under a hybrid deliberative/reactive style of architecture and (2) to transfer research being conducted at CSM in intelligent sensor fusion to new applications. The students are preparing the entries as part of the class projects for the MACS415: Introduction to AI Robotics and Computer Vision and MACS370: Field Session courses. The team is using two different robots, both running subsets of the Sensor Fusion Effects (SFX) architecture implemented in C++. The term intelligent sensor fusion denotes a broad characterization of sensor fusion, dealing with how observations from one or more logical sensors can be combined reliably into a coherent percept. Two components of our research in intelligent sensor fusion are being applied to the competition. The first component addresses how to combine the observations from multiple sensors into a percept and generate a measure of belief. This is a key element of the sensing strategy for the Hors D’oeuvres event, where evidence from simple features (audio, motion, and flesh colored regions) are combined to produce a measure of belief in the presence of a person. Our approach is an adaptation of (Goodridge 1996) for a Dempster-Shafer evidential scheme. The second component deals with combining sensor observations over time. This is an important aspect of our approach to the Find Life on Mars event, since a suspected Martian may disappear due to a temporary occlusion, because it has attempted to hide, or the sensor reported a faulty observation. In order to successfully balance resources (energy, time) with the goals (find Martians), the robot must persist in its belief that it saw a Martian for some period of time in order to continue searching, but it must eventually give up if it cannot reacquire the target. The problem is exacerbated by the lack of explicit a priori models of the Martian to guide
Influence of diabetes mellitus on prognostic utility of imaging of myocardial sympathetic innervation in heart failure patients.

Background— Patients with diabetes mellitus have accelerated progression of heart failure and often have impaired cardiac sympathetic innervation. The present study examines the implications for heart failure progression of cardiac sympathetic denervation, assessed by I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging, in diabetic compared with nondiabetic subjects. Methods and Results— We evaluated 343 diabetic and 618 nondiabetic subjects with New York Heart Association class II or III heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% over a median follow-up of 17 months. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the influence of clinical variables, b-type natriuretic peptide, plasma norepinephrine, left ventricular ejection fraction, and I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging parameters on time to a heart failure event. The late heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio and the interaction term of diabetes mellitus with the prospectively selected late H/M ratio <1.6 were independent predictors of heart failure progression, providing incremental prognostic information beyond that available from all other variables. In diabetic subjects, late H/M ratio <1.6 was associated with a 2.99-fold greater 2-year rate of heart failure progression (33.5%) than late H/M ratio ≥1.6 (11.2% event rate). Conclusions— The combination of diabetes mellitus and I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine H/M ratio is an independent predictor of heart failure progression, confirming the high risk of diabetic subjects with impaired cardiac sympathetic nerve function. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: . Unique identifier: [NCT00126438][1] and [NCT00126425][2]. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00126438&atom=%2Fcirccvim%2F4%2F2%2F87.atom [2]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00126425&atom=%2Fcirccvim%2F4%2F2%2F87.atom
Attitudinal Politics in the Forced Compliance Situation

Summary Two experiments were conducted to test competing predictions by dissonance and impression management theories in the forced compliance situation. In the first experiment Ss’ attitudes were measured either by a reliable or an unreliable bogus pipeline and manifested attitude change only in the latter condition. In the second experiment typical manipulations of anonymity were carried out; in addition, the E was said to be associated or dissociated from the university. Only when the E was associated with the university did the Ss manifest attitude change. These results were interpreted as showing that Ss feign attitude change only when they do not fear unmasking as liars and only when they anticipate possible future interaction with the E. These results are interpretable by impression management theory, but do not appear consistent with dissonance theory.
The Clinician-Patient Partnership Paradigm: Outcomes Associated With Physician Communication Behavior

Objective: To identify physician communication behaviors associated with perceptions of quality of care and predictive of positive patient outcomes.Patients and Methods: A total of 452 families seeing 48 pediatricians for a child's asthma participated. Perceptions and health care use were assessed at baseline and after 12 months through interviews and medical records. The measures used were 10 physician communication behaviors and 6 items describing physician's performance, asthma office visits, emergency department visits, and hospitalization.Results: Positive perceptions of physicians' performance were related to (P ≤ .05) careful listening, inquiring about at-home management, nonverbal attention, interactive conversation, tailoring short-term goals, and long-term therapeutic plan. Loss in health care use was predicted (P ≤ .05) by interactive conversation, short-term goals, criteria for decision making, long-term treatment plan, and tailoring according to needs. The use of these techniques did not leng...
Effect of measurement uncertainties on strain-based damage diagnostics for highway bridges

Diagnostic load rating of highway bridges using distributed strain transducers is one of the more prominent strategies applied for both periodic and continuous monitoring of highway bridges. Techniques for load rating structures using experimental measurements of neutral axis locations, girder distribution factors, and dynamic increase factors have been suggested for structural health monitoring and damage detection applications. However, practical considerations related to the influence of measurement uncertainties on the reliability of these diagnostic measures in the presence of damage have only been examined recently. This paper extends uncertainty propagation formulae previously derived for neutral axis measurements to girder distribution factors. The significance of measurement uncertainties on damage-sensitive features are then explored using experimental data from a real bridge subjected to progressive, prescribed damage. The experimental results suggest that both apparent neutral axis locations and girder distribution factors exhibit sensitivity to the damage mechanisms introduced that exceeds the measurement uncertainty. In addition, girder distribution factors are found to demonstrate the ability to locate the damage. Comparisons with finite element simulations underline the challenges associated with faithfully modeling the effects of structural damage and emphasize the need for continued full-scale validation of structural health monitoring approaches on real structures.
Locating Drainage Systems by Magnetometer Surveys

The feasibility of using a portable, proton precession, ground magnetometer in the location of subsurface drainage systems is analyzed. Seasonal (fall, winter and spring) surveys of a field drained by clay tile and plastic (PVC)pipe and of a specially constructed test plot on agricultural land are presented. Magnetic anomalies over the drainage lines resulting from the contrast contract between the drain material, the void in the drain and the surrounding soil are identified. This magnetic contrast is not affected by the different seasons or the moisture content of the soils. Developed methodology for magnetic location of drains shows this technique is inexpensive after the initial machine purchase, it is relatively quick, it can be used with or without crop cover, it can be used in any season other than winter, it requires only minimum manpower and limited technical skills by the magnetometer operator and data interpreter.
A Bayesian Approach to Non-Deterministic Hypersonic Vehicle Design

Affordable, reliable endo- and exoatmospheric transportation, for both the military and commercial sectors, grows in importance as the world grows smaller and space exploration and exploitation increasingly impact our daily lives. However, the impact of disciplinary, operational, and technological uncertainties inhibit the design of the requisite hypersonic vehicles, an inherently multidisciplinary and non-deterministic process. Without investigation, these components of design uncertainty undermine the designers’ decision-making confidence . In this paper, the authors propose a new probabilistic design method, using Bayesian Statistics techniques, which allows assessment of the impact of disciplinary uncertainty on the confidence in the design solution. The proposed development of a two-stage reusable launch vehicle configur ation highlights the means to first quantify the fidelity of the disciplinary analysis tools utilized, then propagate such to the vehicle system level. BACKGROUND
APL on the Honeywell 635

This paper describes an implementation of APL for the Honeywell 635 Computer. Although several of the primitives of the language have not yet been implemented, there are some system commands which provide an interesting link to other subsystems within the GECOS operating system. The primary implementation language is FORTRAN IV, so that some degree of machine independence is obtained.The hardware, software, and user environment is briefly described, followed by a description of the APL package from the user perspective, including the reasons for selecting the ASCII character set rather than the APL set. The features which link APL to the other GECOS sybsystems, and the debug package used are briefly described, and finally, a few interesting features of the implementation are described.
Neutropenia in Congenital and Adult Babesiosis.

Objectives: Anemia and thrombocytopenia are expected hematologic abnormalities in patients with acute babesiosis, whereas neutropenia (defined as an absolute neutrophil count of ≤1,800 neutrophils/μL for adults and <1,200 neutrophils/μL for infants) is not usually considered a feature of this infection. We studied the frequency with which neutropenia occurs in congenital and adult cases of babesiosis. Methods: The frequency of neutropenia in cases of congenital babesiosis was determined based on a literature review and on the findings in an unreported case. The frequency of neutropenia in adult patients was assessed based on a review of the medical records of 51 patients who were diagnosed with babesiosis between 2010 and 2013 at two medical centers in the Northeastern United States. Results: Four (80%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 36%–98%) of five infants with congenital babesiosis whose neutrophil count was reported were neutropenic. Among 51 adult cases with babesiosis, 11 (22%; 95% CI, 12%–35%) were neutropenic on clinical presentation, and seven others developed neutropenia over the next 1 to 21 days. Thus, a total of 18 (35%; 95% CI, 24%–49%) of the adult patients with babesiosis had neutropenia. Conclusions: Neutropenia appears to be a common finding in infants with congenital babesiosis and is also observed not infrequently in adults with this infection.
Upending a Global Debate: An Empirical Analysis of the U.S. Supreme Court's Use of Transnational Law to Interpret Domestic Doctrine

Over the last ten years, judges, scholars, and policymakers have argued — quite vehemently at times — about whether U.S. courts should use transnational sources of law to interpret domestic legal doctrine. All eyes in this debate focus on the U.S. Supreme Court and its use, misuse, and alleged use of transnational law. And almost all the debates are normative. Some scholars and judges argue the Court is correct to use transnational law. Others believe to do so is constitutional apostacy. Still, the controversy seems to have generated more heat than light. Among the clamor can be found little empirical work on the conditions under which Supreme Court Justices actually use transnational law. Is it in fact the case that only liberal Justices employ transnational law — or do conservatives as well? In addition, there is little work on which countries Justices cite when they do use transnational law. Do they cherry pick whichever country works best in the given case, or is there a lower bound of plausibility when selecting countries to examine and cite? The authors provide the most systematic empirical exploration of the Court’s use of transnational law to date. Their results challenge conventional wisdom and prove to upend the existing debates over transnational law. The data show that Justices are more likely to reference transnational law when they exercise judicial review and when they overturn precedent, which likely explains much of the controversy around the practice. Importantly, the data show, further, that all Justices cite transnational law. Liberals cite transnational law when they render liberal decisions, and conservatives cite transnational law when they render conservative decisions. Liberals and conservatives alike employ such law because they are both ideologically conscious, strategic judicial actors who seek to support their decisions with as much persuasive material as possible. Finally, the results suggest that Justices cite countries with regard to their political and legal characteristics. They cite what the public would consider to be among the most legitimate countries across the globe. In other words, on the whole, Justices seem to borrow from countries most like the U.S. Whether these results are good or bad is unclear; what is clear, however, is that the normative debate over using transnational law must take a turn and address the authors’ findings.
Data Analytics: Introduction to Using Analytics in Auditing

ABSTRACT: This is a hands-on introductory practical data analytics teaching case that can be used in an auditing or related course. Students will learn about data attributes, data creation, structured query language (SQL), basic statistics, and performing basic audit procedures using analytics by utilizing the open source software R. Instructors can use this case for an in-class discussion or an independent out-of-class assignment. A solutions guide is available in the Teaching Notes. Multimedia files are available for download, see Appendix B.
Boltzmann Theory Generalized to Include Band Mixing: A Possible Theory for "Resistivity Saturation" in Metals

Disorder such as defects or phonons causes interband scattering and renormalization effects. When these are included in a generalization of Boltzmann transport theory, an interband conduction channel opens up which might account for the "parallel-resistor" effect seen in "saturation" of dc resistance of metals.
Live Monovular Twin Chicks from a Single Yolk Chicken Egg

Abstract Monovular fully formed twin chicks were recorded from a single-yolked egg. The chicks were attached to a common umbilical cord. One of the twin chicks survived for 10 weeks and the other for 4 days.
Total Knee Arthroplasty for the Young, Active Patient with Osteoarthritis

The demographic profile and expectations of patients with tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis who are seeking surgical treatment have shifted over the past several decades. Patients today tend to be younger and more active and seek rapid recovery, while also demand return to high-performance activities and optimal durability characteristics of their total knee components. Consequently, it is critical that surgeons understand the performance and survivability of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the young patient and appropriately counsel patients about postoperative expectations for pain relief, function, and durability.
House Prices and Household Credit Access Evidence from Prosper.Com

How do fluctuations in the value of home prices affect the borrowing conditions that households face outside the mortgage market? This paper turns to over 220,000 loan applications on Prosper.com - an internet based peer to peer bank - to analyze this question. We find that home owners in states with declining home prices face significantly higher interest rates. Declining home prices also limit their ability to access credit, and accelerate the pace of loan delinquencies in this market. These results are especially large for borrowers with sub prime credit ratings, and are driven in part by an increased demand for non-collateralized lending among this group. Thus, fluctuations in home prices appear to have a substantial impact on credit availability and consumer finance well beyond the mortgage market.
Application of polystyrene disk substrates in cellular cultivation methods: generalized specimen preparation protocol for scanning electron microscopy

Sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) may vary by cellular type, composition and method of cultivation. It has been proposed here that a generalized method of sample preparation may be applied for the visualization of bacteria, fungi, and human cellular tissue without modification of protocol between cell types. The following protocol was developed to incorporate polystyrene disk substrates in the simplification of sample preparation for SEM and reduce the possibility of processing artefacts. The proposed method of preparation may be applied to samples grown in either liquid or solid cultural medium regardless of cell type. With the proposed protocol, centrifugation, isolation and critical point drying are not required, therefore increasing specimen integrity. The incorporation of polystyrene disks showed positive cellular adhesion and applications in SEM for bacterial, fungal and human neuronal tissue. In addition, the simplicity of the proposed protocol is highly adaptable and may be further incorporated to visually analyse the effects of antifungals, antibiotics and disease pathogenesis through pathogen-host interactions. The proposed method of specimen preparation was incorporated in either liquid or solid state growth mediums during the cultivation of the selected cellular samples and revealed great promise in the preservation and visualization under the scanning electron microscope.
Experience of Preeclampsia and Bed Rest: Mental Health Implications

Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality affecting 5–10% of pregnancies. Mental health issues are often exhibited in this vulnerable population partly due to the rigid management of this condition including prolonged bed rest. The purpose of this qualitative study is to describe women's experience with preeclampsia and being placed on bed rest. Six themes emerged including: negative feelings and thoughts, lack of guidelines about their diagnosis, family stressors, lack of social support, not being heard, loss of normal pregnancy, and physical symptoms. The identified categories provide insight into improving care for these women.
Enhanced elastic-foundation analysis of balanced single lap adhesive joints

Abstract Conventional single-lap adhesive joints between identical adherends achieve ultimate strength only after significant inelastic deformation of the adhesive and perhaps also the adherends. However purely elastic analysis provides insights and is relevant to fatigue initiation or brittle failure. We extend classical beam-based elastic results, both ‘within the bond’ (deriving more-accurate peak peel stress from the joint-edge moment) and ‘beyond the bond’ (determining the edge moment from adherend dimensions, remote boundary conditions, and load). Within the bond, we show that peak adhesive equivalent stress and principal stress are minimized when the bond length exceeds four characteristic lengths of the elastic-foundation shear stress equation. This makes simplified ‘long’ joint formulas attractive for initial design. We then examine how well the long-joint predicted peak peel stress matches plane strain finite element analysis, and empirically capture a peel-stress end effect due to nonzero adhesive Poisson ratio. With this end-effect correction, the limit of useful accuracy can be expressed as a ratio R a of (adherend axial stiffness) to (adhesive axial stiffness) being > a number of order 10 2 - 10 3 depending on Poisson ratio. This limit supplements the Goland and Reissner proposed applicability limit for elastic foundation analysis, expressed as a limiting ratio R v of through-thickness or vertical stiffnesses. Outside the bond, Timoshenko-style beam-column expressions are used to derive a simplified joint-edge moment factor. While similar in spirit to the edge-moment determination of Goland and Reissner for infinite-length pinned adherends, treating the bond region as a rigid block leads to simpler nonlinear expressions, and captures the moment-reducing benefits of shorter (finite-length) adherends and fixed-slope end conditions. Joint rotation effects become dominant when T L 2 > E I ( L is adherend free length, T is tensile load), then joint rotation magnitude depends on T D 2 / E I ( D is lap length).
Therapeutic drug monitoring and use of an adjusted body weight strategy for high-dose voriconazole therapy

Objectives A high-dose 12 mg/kg/day (6 mg/kg twice daily) voriconazole regimen was recommended by the CDC to treat patients injected with contaminated methylprednisolone acetate that caused a multi-state fungal outbreak in 2012-13. Therapeutic drug monitoring results of this unique regimen are unknown, as is the most appropriate dosing weight for obese patients. We evaluated voriconazole trough measurements for this dosing scheme, as well as the use of adjusted body weight dosing for obese patients. Methods Voriconazole trough levels were analysed in obese (BMI ≥35 kg/m 2 ) and non-obese (BMI Results Of 138 patients, the first steady-state voriconazole troughs were supratherapeutic (>5 mg/L) in 65 (47%) patients, therapeutic (2-5 mg/L) in 57 (41%) patients and subtherapeutic ( 11 and >8 mg/kg/day produced mainly first steady-state supratherapeutic troughs in 44 obese and 94 non-obese patients, respectively. An initial 12 mg/kg/day was progressively lowered to a median maintenance dose of 8.5 mg/kg/day in the obese and 8.6 mg/kg/day in the non-obese. Conclusions A high-dose voriconazole regimen produced initial supratherapeutic troughs that required dose adjustment downward by nearly 30%. Adjusted body weight dosing in obese patients resulted in a similar maintenance dose to total body weight dosing in the non-obese, and appears to be a sensible dosing strategy for these patients.
A Systematic Literature Review of Engineering Identity: Definitions, Factors, and Interventions Affecting Development, and Means of Measurement.

Studies exploring what it means to be an engineer professionally have been conducted for decades, but have boomed in recent years. This systematic literature review aims to organise extant studies ...
Shale Numerical Simulation and Smart Proxy

The authors’ believe in the lack of effectiveness of numerical simulation in modeling production from shale does not stem from a purely theoretical point of view. We have been intimately involved in such activities for years and have learned that when it comes to using numerical reservoir simulation to model production from shale wells, regardless of how detail and meticulous the approach, the results leave much to be desired and have little to do with the realities on the ground.
Identification of Biologicaly Relevant Enhancers in Human Erythroid Cells

Abstract Abstract 368 Identification of cell-type specific enhancers is important for understanding the regulation of programs controlling cellular development and differentiation. Recent studies utilizing genomic methodologies have shown that enhancers are frequently associated with biologically relevant and disease-associated genetic variants. Enhancers are typically marked by the co-transcriptional activator protein p300 or by groups of cell-expressed transcription factors. We hypothesized that a unique set of enhancers regulate gene expression in human erythroid cells, a highly specialized cell type evolved to provide adequate amounts of oxygen throughout the body. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively parallel sequencing, genome-wide maps of candidate enhancers were constructed for p300 and four transcription factors, GATA1, NF-E2, KLF1, and SCL, in primary human erythroid cells. These data were combined with parallel gene expression analyses and candidate enhancers identified. Cell and tissue-type specific enhancers act over distances of tens to hundreds of kilobases, thus bona fide erythroid enhancers are expected to be enriched in the genomic vicinity of genes expressed and functional in erythroid cells. Sites of occupancy were correlated with levels of gene expression. Promoter sites within 2kb of annotated transcriptional start sites (TSS) were excluded. Consistent with their predicted function, there was significant enrichment of p300 peaks within 2–50kb of the TSS of genes highly expressed in erythroid cells c.f. peaks >100kb of a TSS. There was also significant enrichment of combinations of 2, 3, and 4 co-localizing erythroid transcription factor peaks within 2–50kb of the TSS of genes highly expressed in erythroid cells. In contrast, similar to other cell type-specific enhancers, there was no enrichment of p300 or erythroid transcription factor sites within 2–50kb of genes highly expressed in nonerythroid cells. When analyses were performed comparing a set of erythroid-specific genes vs. a random set of genes, there was significant enrichment of combinations of 2, 3, and 4 co-localizing erythroid transcription factor binding sites, but not p300, within 2–50kb of the TSS of erythroid-specific genes. Evolutionary analyses revealed high conservation between man and chimp for p300 and erythroid transcription factors. However, there was a very large falloff between human and mouse, with. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Abdominal Apoplexy: A Stroke of Misfortune:

Idiopathic spontaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage (ISIH), or abdominal apoplexy, is due to nontraumatic, small vessel rupture; excluded by definition is hemorrhage associated with aortic aneurysm, ...
Shed vortex structure and phase-averaged velocity statistics in symmetric/asymmetric turbulent flat plate wakes

The near wake of a flat plate is investigated via direct numerical simulations. Many earlier experimental investigations have used thin plates with sharp trailing edges and turbulent boundary layers to create the wake. This results in large θ/DTE values (θ is the boundary layer momentum thickness toward the end of the plate and DTE is the trailing edge thickness). In the present study, the emphasis is on relatively thick plates with circular trailing edges (CTEs) resulting in θ/D values less than one (D is the plate thickness and the diameter of the CTE) and vigorous vortex shedding. The Reynolds numbers based on the plate length and D are 1.255 × 106 and 10 000, respectively. Two cases are computed: one with turbulent boundary layers on both the upper and lower surfaces of the plate (statistically the same, symmetric wake, Case TT) and the other with turbulent and laminar boundary layers on the upper and lower surfaces, respectively (asymmetric case, Case TL). The data and understanding obtained are of c...