cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Profiling public and private self-consciousness on self-presentation tactic use

Abstract It seems generally accepted that public self-consciousness (PuSC) relates to increased use of self-presentation and private self-consciousness (PrSC) does not, but some researchers believe that PuSC and PrSC relate to different approaches to self-presentation. The present study aimed to profile PuSC and PrSC on self-presentation tactic use but advance previous investigations by differentiating PrSC dimensions: internal state awareness (ISA) and self-reflection (SR). We hypothesized that ISA and SR would manifest divergent self-presentation profiles and that neither profile would correspond closely with PuSC. MTurk participants (N = 298; Mage = 37.66; 61% female) first completed indices of PuSC, ISA, and SR, and then reported their past use of various self-presentation tactics. ISA and SR manifested divergent self-presentation profiles, and neither profile converged with PuSC. Specifically, ISA revealed a self-presentation profile that generally conveyed a principled and socially-potent identity; SR revealed a profile that conveyed an exploitative and opportunistic approach to identity construction; PuSC related specifically to ingratiation. In sum, PrSC is associated with self-presentation, but its dimensions reflect divergent self-presentational approaches. PuSC largely relates to tactical ingratiation and does not appear to represent a broad self-presentational orientation.
INCORPORATING THIRD-PARTY ONLINE CERTIFICATIONS INTO A MARKETING COURSE: THE EFFECT OF LEARNING STYLE ON STUDENT RESPONSES

To advance the pedagogical discussion on adopting third-party certifications in marketing courses, this article examines responses of undergraduate students with different learning styles to the on...
Invited Review Article: Physics and Monte Carlo techniques as relevant to cryogenic, phonon, and ionization readout of Cryogenic Dark Matter Search radiation detectors

This review discusses detector physics and Monte Carlo techniques for cryogenic, radiation detectors that utilize combined phonon and ionization readout. A general review of cryogenic phonon and charge transport is provided along with specific details of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search detector instrumentation. In particular, this review covers quasidiffusive phonon transport, which includes phonon focusing, anharmonic decay, and isotope scattering. The interaction of phonons in the detector surface is discussed along with the downconversion of phonons in superconducting films. The charge transport physics include a mass tensor which results from the crystal band structure and is modeled with a Herring-Vogt transformation. Charge scattering processes involve the creation of Neganov-Luke phonons. Transition-edge-sensor (TES) simulations include a full electric circuit description and all thermal processes including Joule heating, cooling to the substrate, and thermal diffusion within the TES, the latter of which is necessary to model normal-superconducting phase separation. Relevant numerical constants are provided for these physical processes in germanium, silicon, aluminum, and tungsten. Random number sampling methods including inverse cumulative distribution function (CDF) and rejection techniques are reviewed. To improve the efficiency of charge transport modeling, an additional second order inverse CDF method is developed here along with an efficient barycentric coordinate sampling method of electric fields. Results are provided in a manner that is convenient for use in Monte Carlo and references are provided for validation of these models.
A Novel Technique for Discrimination of Foreign Object from Misalignment in Wireless Charging Systems

Discrimination between foreign object intrusion (FOI) and misalignment between inductive power transfer pads is of great importance due to its impact on the performance of the IPT system. This paper proposes a combinational use of resonant frequency deviation technique and RMS current measurement for foreign object detection and misalignment identification in IPT systems. The paper presents the finite element analysis (FEA) of an IPT system with both FOI and misalignment and a simulation of an 35 kHz series-series resonant IPT system. The results showed that both cases causes a change in the value of the IPT system's primary, secondary and mutual inductances $(L_{p}, L_{s},L_{m})$ and a consequent change in the system's resonant frequency. The maximum resonant frequency deviation for the cases of FOI and the misalignment are 660Hz and 74Hz respectively while the region of overlap in resonant frequency deviation is between 8 Hz and 74 kHz. To discriminate between these cases, the simulation results show that for the pad misalignment, a higher primary resonant current is needed to fix power transfer than FOI.
Dennis J. Stanford (1943–2019)

Dennis J. Stanford, an internationally recognized leader in the field of American Paleoindian archaeology, passed away on 24 April 2019, at the age of 76 years. With this essay, we pay tribute to h...
Noetic Dispositions: A Model for Intellectual Excellence.

A burgeoning body of literature discusses the process of being and becoming a doctoral scholar, suggesting that graduate students should move beyond performing the role of ‘good student’ and transf...
Genetic-Algorithm-Based Design for Rideshare and Heterogeneous Constellations

Responsive and resilient space-based systems are needed to satisfy changing mission requirements and react to unforeseen challenges. Nontraditional constellations, such as heterogeneous and ridesha...
Restructuring Schools for Democracy: Principals’ Perspectives:

Currently there is renewed emphasis among theorists and practitioners on democratic schooling. Although frequently equated with school governance, democratic schooling extends beyond governance str...
The impact of digital distraction on lecture note taking and student learning

Laptop computers allow students to type lecture notes instead of relying on the traditional longhand (i.e. paper–pencil) method. The present research compared laptop and longhand note-taking methods by investigating how the quality (i.e. complete versus incomplete idea units) and quantity (i.e. total words and total idea units) of typed and handwritten notes differed when students did or did not reply to text messages during a simulated lecture. Accounting for the presence of text messaging while participants took notes situated the present study within the reality facing many students in today’s digital age. Findings indicated that a considerable proportion of the idea units captured in participants’ notes were incomplete, regardless of note-taking method or exposure to distraction during the simulated lecture. However, only the total number of complete idea units stored in student notes meaningfully predicted lecture learning. Furthermore, the presence of digital distraction was particularly disruptive to the quality and quantity of laptop users’ lecture notes relative to longhand note takers. Finally, digital distraction emerged as a more meaningful predictor of lecture learning than note-taking method. Recommendations for improving the quality of student lecture notes are discussed and avenues for future research into note-taking completeness and the interplay between digital distraction and note-taking method are proposed.
Municipal Bonds after the Deluge

Adam S. Wallwork is an attorney in the public finance and tax departments of Ballard Spahr LLP in Washington, D.C. In this article, Wallwork shows how tax reform has affected the municipal bond market and why Republicans should care.
Correlation of HRD status with clinical and survival outcomes in patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer.

5568Background: Nearly 50% of patients with high grade ovarian cancer (HGOC) harbor a germline or somatic mutation in BRCA1/BRCA2 or have tumors characterized by homologous recombination deficiency...
Micromechanical origins of remarkable elongation-to-fracture in AHSS TRIP steels via continuous bending under tension

Abstract Continuous bending under tension (CBT) is known to achieve elongation-to-failure well above that achieved under a conventional uniaxial simple tension (ST) strain path. However, the detailed mechanism for supplying this increased ductility has not been fully understood. It is clear that the necking that occurs in a typical ST specimen is avoided by constantly moving the region of plastic deformation during the CBT process. The volume of material in which the flow stress is greatest is limited to a moving line where the rollers contact the sheet and superimpose bending stress on the applied tensile load. Hence the condition of a large volume of material experiencing stress greater than the material flow stress, leading to strain localization during ST, is avoided. However, the magnitude of the contribution of this phenomenon to the overall increase in elongation is unclear. In the current set of experiments, an elongation to fracture (ETF) of 4.56x and 3.7x higher than ST was achieved by fine-tuning CBT forming parameters for Q&P 1180 and TBF 1180, respectively. A comparison of maximum local strains near the final point of fracture in ST and CBT sheets via digital image correlation revealed that avoidance of localization of plastic strain during CBT accounts for less than half of the increased elongation in the CBT specimens for two steels containing different amounts of retained austenite (RA). Geometrically necessary dislocation evolution is monitored using high-resolution EBSD (HREBSD) for both strain paths, indicating a lower hardening rate in the CBT samples in the bulk of the sheet, potentially relating to the cyclical nature of the stress in the outer layers of the sheet. Interestingly, the GND evolution in the center of the sheet, which does not experience the same amplitude of cyclic stress, follows the ST behavior more closely than the sheet edges. This appears to contribute to a precipitous drop in residual ductility for the specimens that are pulled in ST after partial CBT processing. The rate of transformation of RA is also tracked in the steels, with a significantly lower rate of transformation during CBT, compared to ST. This suggests that a slower transformation rate achieved under CBT also contributed to higher strain-to-failure levels.
El espanol vestigial en los estados unidos : caracteristicas e implicaciones teoricas

En este trabajo se intenta hacer un rastreo panoramico de algunas manifestaciones vestigiales y marginales del espanol en EE.UU., con el fin de destacar las divergencuas entre este tipo de lenguaje aproximativo y reducido y el espanol estadounidense de uso corriente. Se pretende igualmente demostrar los paralelos entre las hablas hispanicas marginales de EE.UU y los resultados de contactos linguisticos afrohispanos y afroasiaticos de siglos anteriores.
Subunit Heterogeneity in Rat Liver Apoferritin DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF THE SUBUNITS TO IRON ADMINISTRATION

Abstract Subunits of 13,000 and 19,500 molecular weight were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis from rat liver and horse spleen ferritin. In the case of the rat, the proportions of these varied with iron administration, the smaller subunit being preferentially increased. In agreement with the variable proportions of subunits, the gel migration properties and available sulfhydryl groups of liver holoferritin varied with the iron status of the animal. Labeling studies showed that synthesis and turnover of the two subunits occur at different rates and respond differently to iron treatment. This independence is consistent with earlier evidence that ferritin subunits of different molecular weights are made on different polyribosome populations.
Indexing Inflation: The Impact of Methodology on Econometrics and Macroeconomic Policy

Because there is no perfect gauge of inflation, the macroeconomic enterprise of indexing inflation ultimately dissolves into a choice among imperfect methodologies. But that choice still matters. This article will highlight the practical significance of methodological choices made in the course of indexing inflation. It will focus on two different indexes of inflation in the United States: the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the implicit price deflator of the gross domestic product (IPD). This article identifies a long-term gap in these competing indexes’ measurement of inflation. To explain why the CPI appears to overstate inflation, relative to the IPD, by roughly two-thirds of a percentage point each year, this article more fully describes the distinct methodologies underlying the CPI and the IPD. Lawmakers should adopt the implicit price deflator of the GDP, or some other inflation index that shares its best methodological features, as the best practicable measure of real growth and price change in the national economy.
Benchmarking the Performance of Scientific Applications with Irregular I/O at the Extreme Scale

In this paper we hypothesize that irregularities of I/O patterns (i.e., irregular amount of data written per process at each I/O step) in scientific simulations can cause increasing I/O times and substantial loss in scalability. To study whether our hypothesis is true, we quantify the impact of irregular I/O patterns on the I/O performance of scientific applications at the extreme scale. Specifically, we statistically model the irregular I/O behavior of two scientific applications such as the Monte Carlo application QMCPack and the adaptive mesh refinement application ENZO. For our testing, we feed our model into an I/O skeleton tool to measure the performance of the two applications' I/O under different I/O settings. Empirically, we show how the growing data sizes and the irregular I/O patterns in these applications are both relevant factors impacting performance.
Incremental evaluation of tabled logic programs

Tabled logic programming has emerged as an important evaluation technique of logic programs. Tabling has enabled us to construct many practical applications—program analysis and verification systems in particular—by encoding them as high-level logic programs. Tabled resolution based systems evaluate programs by memoizing subgoals (referred to as calls) and their provable instances (answers). In this thesis we address the problem of efficiently updating the memoized information in tables with respect to the changes in programs due to addition/deletion of facts/rules. Such capability of incremental maintenance of memoized information facilitates the use of tabled logic programming for scalable program analysis, where the analysis information can be updated efficiently in response to small changes to the analyzed program. Tabled resolution based systems process the addition of facts in semi-naive fashion and thus incremental by nature. We address the problem of maintaining tables for definite logic programs in response to deletion of facts/rules by maintaining an auxiliary and-or data structure called support graph. Each support in a support graph represents an immediate reason for derivation of an answer. Support graph thus maintains the dependency between answers and facts, and can be used to propagate the effect of deletion of facts/rules. We developed heuristics to reduce the over-approximation performed by existing algorithms for handling deletion. Support graph based algorithms update tables extremely fast but impose considerable space overhead for large applications. Our general solution to space-overhead problem is based on a data structure called Partial Support Graph (PSG) which keeps bounded number of supports for every answer. For a special class of programs we present a more efficient algorithm than PSG, based on a compact data structure called Symbolic Support Graph which exploits the commonality between supports. We also present an efficient algorithm for handling updates to the facts by carefully interleaving the insertion and deletion operations generated by updates. We present an incremental tabled maintenance algorithm for handling programs with negation, cuts, and aggregation operators. We demonstrate the efficiency of incremental computation to various problems such as pointer analysis, data-flow analysis, push-down model checking, parsing, dynamic programming, and XML validation.
On the Role of Involutions in the Discontinuous Galerkin Discretization of Maxwell and Magnetohydrodynamic Systems

The role of involutions in energy stability of the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization of Maxwell and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) systems is examined. Important differences are identified in the symmetrization of the Maxwell and MHD systems that impact the construction of energy stable discretizations using the DG method. Specifically, general sufficient conditions to be imposed on the DG numerical flux and approximation space are given so that energy stability is retained. These sufficient conditions reveal the favorable energy consequence of imposing continuity in the normal component of the magnetic induction field at interelement boundaries for MHD discretizations. Counterintuitively, this condition is not required for stability of Maxwell discretizations using the discontinuous Galerkin method.
Rate of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) Re-Extraction after Recurrent Infection

Background Patients who develop a cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infection requiring extraction may have risk factors that make them prone to developing another infection of the reimplanted CIED. However, the rate of a second infection requiring repeat extraction in such patients is unknown and may have important clinical implications. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients at our institution from January 2001 to October 2012 who underwent a CIED extraction for an infection and then required reimplantation. We then reviewed the incidence of a repeat extraction due to a second infection. Clinical and device parameters at the time of the second infection were retrieved. Results There were 168 patients who underwent a CIED extraction because of infection and were subsequently reimplanted. The median time to reimplantation was 3 [1st quartile: 1, 3rd quartile: 10] days. After a mean follow-up of 4.4 ± 2.7 years, nine (5.4%) patients underwent a repeat CIED extraction due to a second infection. Six repeat extractions (67%) occurred in the first year, leading to an event rate of 3.9% within 1 year of reimplantation. Patients with a second infection requiring a repeat CIED extraction were younger (57 ± 20 vs 68 ± 16, P = 0.046). Pocket infection was the most common presentation of a second infection, occurring in eight of the nine patients. Conclusion The rate of a second infection leading to a CIED repeat extraction is elevated within the first year after reimplantation. To determine predictors of recurring infection, analysis of a larger multicenter series is warranted.
Free radical scavenging (antioxidant activity) of natural dissolved organic matter

Abstract Free radicals are produced in aquatic environments through photochemical reactions. They can affect the concentration and composition of organic matter and have negative effects on aquatic organisms. Free radical scavengers (antioxidants) can remove these highly reactive species from the media. Some dissolved organic matter (DOM) constituents are widely known to present antioxidant properties (e.g. phenols and hydroquinones). However, little is known about the free radical scavenger capacity of DOM. Here we applied two simple, analytical assays (ABST and DPPH) to assess the antioxidant capacity of aquatic DOM, after their validation against a more complex electrochemical technique. These assays were applied to DOM from various environmental settings, including freshwater marshes, fringe mangrove estuaries and a coastal bay in Everglades National Park, Florida. All the samples presented different degrees of antioxidant activity depending on their origin and thus DOM quality. Samples associated with mangrove areas presented the highest antioxidant activity, possibly due to the presence of tannins, which are known to be powerful antioxidants. The free radical scavenging capacity or antioxidant properties of DOM may have important implications in aquatic photochemistry as well as in microbial processes.
Cooperation or Control?: Web 2.0 and the Digital Library

The Web 2.0 trend has placed a renewed emphasis on interoperability and cooperation between systems and people. The digital libraries community is familiar with interoperability through technologies like OAI-PMH, but is disconnected from the general Web 2.0 community. This disconnect prevents the digital library from taking advantage of the rich network of data, services and interfaces offered by that community. This paper presents a case study of a collection within the Texas A&M Repository that was improved by adopting the principles of cooperation embodied by the term Web 2.0.
Measuring production with random inputs and outputs using DEA and certainty equivalent

This study evaluates production operations with inputs/outputs under random influences. We introduce a measurement of efficiency using utility function families. Applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the certainty equivalent, the proposed measurement is capable of accommodating various risk attitudes of evaluators.
Perspectives on Innovation in Control Systems Technology: Compatibility With Industry Practices

This article presents the authors' perspectives on the transfer of research results in control to industrial practice. The distinction between the immediate recipient of a technology development and the end user or beneficiary is drawn and the notion of customer value chains for control applications explained. We argue that successful technology transfer in control requires awareness of current practices in the targeted industry sector, highlighting three critical areas: control development processes, automation system platforms, and work roles. Compatibility challenges in these areas need to be addressed and often overcome, on the basis of criteria that matter to customers. We cite examples from several application domains to contrast industry-specific requirements. Substantial economic and societal impact can be gained from advanced control research with due awareness of customer needs and industry practices.
On the quantum momentum method for the exact solution of separale multiple well bound state and scattering problems

Abstract A simple method is suggested for the convenient application of Milne's method of solution of the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation to multiple well potentials. The method involves the introduction of “quantum momentum” functions which resemble the classical momentum over each “well”. The wavefunction is matched at intermediate point between the “wells”, and the quantization requirements are determined. The double oscillator and scattering by spherically symmetric potentials are cited as applications.
Escherichia coli RNA polymerase contacts outside the -10 promoter element are not essential for promoter melting.

We examined the relative affinity of model promoter constructs for binding Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme. Model promoter constructs were designed to mimic DNA structures characteristic for different steps of transcription initiation. DNA duplexes in which a chemical cross-link was introduced just downstream from –10 hexamer to prevent DNA melting upon RNAP binding were used to mimic RNAP-promoter contacts in a closed complex. Fork junction DNA molecules with double-stranded/single-stranded junction between –11 and –10 position were used to study interactions of RNA polymerase with DNA in open complex. The –35 and –10 promoter regions were found to be equally important for the initial RNAP binding. The recognition of –35 promoter region was independent of structural context of the model promoter fragment. In contrast, free energy of RNAP binding to –10 hexamer was highly dependent on DNA structure. The relative importance of –10 region for sequence-specific interaction with the polymerase was the lowest for constructs mimicking closed complex and the highest for the constructs mimicking open complex. The relative importance of region –10 was also dependent on the presence of –35 consensus element indicating a communication between different DNA binding determinants of polymerase during open complex formation. Short double-stranded promoter fragments comprising only –35 and –10 or only –10 consensus elements underwent melting in a complex with polymerase indicating that the core of promoter melting activity of the polymerase is localized to a very small subset of all promoter-polymerase contacts.
The Role of Psychological Flexibility in Mental Health Stigma and Psychological Distress for the Stigmatizer

Although the negative consequences of stigmatization on those with psychological disorders have been well-documented, little is known about the impact of stigmatization on individuals who report having such stigmatizing attitudes. The present set of studies first investigated whether there was a link between stigmatizing attitudes toward people with psychological disorders and one's own level of psychological distress. In addition, psychological flexibility was explored as a possible facet of this relation. As predicted, results revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between mental health stigma and psychological distress. Furthermore, the results suggested that psychological flexibility may be a shared feature of mental health stigma and psychological distress. Exploring the role of psychological flexibility appears to be a promising construct for conceptualizing and treating mental health stigma.
Results in the Application of Pattern Recognition Methods to Nuclear Reactor Core Component Surveillance

Pattern recognition methods were applied to analyze and interpret neutron noise data from the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at ORNL. The results show that it is feasible to detect some core component failures by means of machine-discemible differences in the time-dependent noise power spectra. These neutron spectra (signatures) were analyzed by using a cluster-seeking algorithm to derive a set of templates for automatic computer evaluation of the reactor's mechanical integrity and soundness.
A field laparotomy technique for observing the reproductive tract of free-ranging desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis cremnobates)

A surgical procedure was developed to observe the reproductive tract of free-ranging desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis cremnobates) ewes. Ventral laparotomies were performed on 37 bighorn ewes (ages: lamb — 9 years of age), 24 of which were unilaterally ovariectomized. A second laparotomy was done on 31 ewes. Diazepam (1.5 mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly as a preanesthetic followed by 5 mg etorphine hydrochloride (M99) for restraint and anesthesia. Atropine sulfate (0.03 mg/kg) was used to control hypersalivation and bronchial mucus secretion. Diazepam was evaluated as a preanesthetic on a control group of 42 ewes not submitted to surgery. Pretreatment with diazepam significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the induction time of the anesthetic. All bighorn sheep subjected to surgery recovered without postoperative complications. Ambulation time was similar whether or not diazepam was used as a preanesthetic. Subsequent reproductive performance and mortality rates were similar to those bighorn sheep in the remaining population.
Binding of flexible and constrained ligands to the Grb2 SH2 domain: structural effects of ligand preorganization

Structures of the Grb2 SH2 domain complexed with a series of pseudopeptides containing flexible (benzyl succinate) and constrained (aryl cyclopropanedicarboxylate) replacements of the phosphotyrosine (pY) residue in tripeptides derived from Ac-pYXN-NH2 (where X = V, I, E and Q) were elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Complexes of flexible/constrained pairs having the same pY + 1 amino acid were analyzed in order to ascertain what structural differences might be attributed to constraining the phosphotyrosine replacement. In this context, a given structural dissimilarity between complexes was considered to be significant if it was greater than the corresponding difference in complexes coexisting within the same asymmetric unit. The backbone atoms of the domain generally adopt a similar conformation and orientation relative to the ligands in the complexes of each flexible/constrained pair, although there are some significant differences in the relative orientations of several loop regions, most notably in the BC loop that forms part of the binding pocket for the phosphate group in the tyrosine replacements. These variations are greater in the set of complexes of constrained ligands than in the set of complexes of flexible ligands. The constrained ligands make more direct polar contacts to the domain than their flexible counterparts, whereas the more flexible ligand of each pair makes more single-water-mediated contacts to the domain; there was no correlation between the total number of protein–ligand contacts and whether the phosphotyrosine replacement of the ligand was preorganized. The observed differences in hydrophobic interactions between the complexes of each flexible/constrained ligand pair were generally similar to those observed upon comparing such contacts in coexisting complexes. The average adjusted B factors of the backbone atoms of the domain and loop regions are significantly greater in the complexes of constrained ligands than in the complexes of the corresponding flexible ligands, suggesting greater thermal motion in the crystalline state in the former complexes. There was no apparent correlation between variations in crystal packing and observed structural differences or similarities in the complexes of flexible and constrained ligands, but the possibility that crystal packing might result in structural variations cannot be rigorously excluded. Overall, it appears that there are more variations in the three-dimensional structure of the protein and the ligand in complexes of the constrained ligands than in those of their more flexible counterparts.
Application of gene therapy to acute inflammatory diseases

The application of gene therapy to acute inflammation has not received as much research attention as has the treatment of genetically-based diseases, cancer, and viral infections. However, gene therapy as a drug delivery system offers several theoretical and practical advantages over current protein delivery systems. These include the ability to target therapies to individual tissues or cell types, to locally produce proteins that can act intracellularly or in an autocrine, juxtacrine, or paracrine fashion, and to sustain new protein synthesis for periods up to several weeks after a single administration. Although retrovirus, herpes simplex, and adeno-associated virus have been proposed for gene therapy in cancer and in genetic diseases, nonviral and adenovirus approaches appear most applicable as drug delivery systems due to their rapid onset and short duration of transgene expression. The relative modest transduction efficiencies obtained at present with nonviral approaches, and the inherent inflammatory properties of first-generation adenovirus constructs, however, have limited their usefulness to date. The present review discusses the theoretical and practical benefits of specific gene therapy approaches for the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases, as well as our experiences with liposome:plasmid DNA and adenovirus-based approaches. Although a number of technical and theoretical hurdles remain before it can be evaluated in humans with acute inflammation, gene therapy offers a novel approach for the treatment of acute inflammation, and will likely enter the armamentarium of critical care physicians in the near future.
A simple algorithm for computing the generalized inverse of a matrix

The generalized inverse of a matrix is important in analysis because it provides an extension of the concept of an inverse which applies to all matrices. It also has many applications in numerical analysis, but it is not widely used because the existing algorithms are fairly complicated and require considerable storage space. A simple extension has been found to the conventional orthogonalization method for inverting nonsingular matrices, which gives the generalized inverse with little extra effort and with no additional storage requirements. The algorithm gives the generalized inverse for any m by n matrix A, including the special case when m = n and A is nonsingular and the case when m > n and rank ( A ) = n. In the first case the algorithm gives the ordinary inverse of A. In the second case the algorithm yields the ordinary least squares transformation matrix (ATA)-IA T and has the advantage of avoiding the loss of significance which results in forming the product ATA explicitly.
Spool Piece Testing Facility

''Spool Piece'' is the name given to the modular component of the Energy Saver which contains the correction magnets and several other devices required by the superconductive and cryogenic nature of this synchrotron. Approximately 230 spool pieces will be built to go along with 774 dipoles and 224 quadrupoles. To this date four have been built and the plans for a production rate of five per week are being implemented. 5 refs.
The form-function relationship of vertebrates: A selected review

A selected literature dealing with the relationship between vertebrate structures and functions has been reviewed. Published literature in this field generally relates to three approaches: evolutionary, ontogenetic and holistic. This paper explains the salient features of these approaches and how their findings can be verified experimentally. Evolutionary approach can only make use of theoretical explanation, whereas, in both ontogenetic and holistic approaches experimentation is possible.
The synthesis and characterization of some new difluorophosphine derivatives

Abstract The heretofore unknown chelating fluorophosphine ligands, F 2 PCH 2 PF 2 and F 2 PCH 2 CHCH 2 have been prepared and characterized. The reagent F 2 PCH 2 I has been prepared and used in the synthesis of F 2 PCH 2 PF 2 . NMR data are given.
Catecholamine biosynthesis in specific brain areas of the rat as determined by liquid chromatography and amperometric detection.

Abstract Catecholamine turnover is examined using both steady and non-steady state methods. The steady state technique involved the injection of 5 μCi of 3 H-tyrosine into the lateral cerebral ventricle in chronically cannulated rats. Catecholamines were separated by high performance reverse phase liquid chromatography and content analyzed with amperometric detection. Catecholamine synthesis was examined in the anterior hypothalamus, medial basal hypothalamus, brain stem and caudate-putamen. Dopamine synthesis was greater than norepinephrine in all areas but the brain stem. The decline in catecholamine content was demonstrated with a synthesis inhibitor, αMpT, and comparisons were made between the two methods. This study indicated that tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition alters catecholaminergic neuronal activity in the brain areas that we examined.
Function and regulation of chemoattractant receptors.

Phagocyte migration and activation at sites of inflammation is mediated through chemoattractant receptors that are coupled to G-proteins. Early studies from our laboratory demonstrated G-protein-mediated phospholipase C activation by chemoattractants. Recently, this laboratory developed cellular and animal models to allow biochemical, cell biological and molecular genetic approaches to be used in determining the mechanisms of chemoattractant receptor function, regulation, and cross regulation. These studies provided evidence that chemoattractant receptors activate distinct pathways for chemotaxis and exocytosis and cross-regulate each other's function at multiple levels. A major site of regulation is through phosphorylation of receptors by G-protein-coupled receptor kinases and by protein kinase C. In addition, the activation of phospholipase C by chemoattractants is also regulated, at additional sites distal to receptor phosphorylation. These may include modulation of G-protein activation by regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) and modification of phospholipase C. Phosphorylation of phospholipase Cβ3 by both protein kinase A and protein kinase C has been demonstrated. The function and regulation of chemoattractant receptors are also being examined in mouse models. In these studies, mice deficient in leukotriene B4 receptors have been generated by targeted gene disruption. These mice displayed reduced neutrophil accumulation in certain inflammation models and sex-related differences in platelet-activating-factor induced anaphylaxis.
Negotiating the Multiple Realities of Technology in Literacy Research and Instruction

The authors consider the relation between research and practice as it applies to digital technologies. They do so within the multiple realities of different theoretical and methodological perspectives.
Bacteriologic and clinical applications of a new extended-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin

Although third-generation cephalosporins have been considered the backbone of antibiotic therapy for the treatment of many kinds of serious infections, including those in hospitalized patients, lack of activity against some important pathogens still exists among currently available drugs. In addition, increasing accounts of antibiotic resistance, particularly in the hospital environment, are of deep concern and have thus led to the need for the development of newer antimicrobial agents. Cefepime is a new parenteral cephalosporin with an extended spectrum of antibacterial activity that includes both aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is also active against many gram-negative organisms resistant to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, as well as many strains of Enterobacter and Citrobacter resistant to ceftazidime. Cefepime appears to be less likely to select out resistant organisms, and it may be less likely to change hospital flora than currently available antimicrobials. Cefepime has been shown to be very well tolerated and effective in the treatment of a variety of infections including moderate-to-severe pneumonia (including cases associated with concurrent bacteremia), complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (also including cases associated with concurrent bacteremia), and skin and skin-structure infections. Clinical response rates are ≥75% for most infections and have been comparable to ceftazidime in comparative trials. In addition, pretreatment susceptibility testing indicates that >94% of organisms isolated in patients enrolled in clinical trials were susceptible to cefepime.
Exponential dichotomy and rotation number for linear Hamiltonian systems

Abstract Let x ′ = H ( t ) x be a non-autonomous Hamiltonian linear differential system. We show that if the rotation number α(λ) for the associated family of systems x ′ = ( H ( t ) + λ J γ( t )) x (where J = ( 0 In − In 0 ) and γ( t ) = γ*( t ) ≥ 0 for all t ) is constant on an interval containing λ = 0, then x ′ = H ( t ) x has an exponential dichotomy.
Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity and Oxygen Tolerance

Most cultured cells and intact animals die under hyperoxic conditions. However, a strain of HeLa cells that proliferates under 80% O(2), termed "HeLa-80," has been derived from wildtype HeLa cells ("HeLa-20") by selection for resistance to stepwise increases of oxygen partial pressure. The tolerance of HeLa-80 cells to hyperoxia is not associated with changes in antioxidant defenses or susceptibility to oxidant-mediated killing. Rather, under both 20 and 80% O(2), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is approximately 2-fold less in HeLa-80 cells, likely related to a significantly higher cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity ( approximately 2-fold), which may act to deplete upstream electron-rich intermediates responsible for ROS generation. We now report that in HeLa-80 cells elevated COX activity is associated with a >2-fold increase in the regulatory subunit COX Vb, whereas expression levels of other subunits are very close to wild type. Small interfering RNA against Vb selectively lowers COX Vb expression in HeLa-80 cells, increases mitochondrial ROS generation, decreases COX activity 60-80%, and diminishes viability under 80% (but not 20%) O(2). In addition, overexpression of subunit Vb increases COX activity and decreases ROS production in wild-type HeLa-20 cells, along with some increase in tolerance to hyperoxia. Overall, our results indicate that it is possible to make cells tolerant of hyperoxia by manipulation of mitochondrial electron transport. These observations may suggest new pharmaceutical strategies to diminish oxygen-mediated cellular damage.
Phototrogy of Alkaline Earth Tungstates Doped with Bismuth

Calcium, strontium, and barium tungstates and their solid solutions, doped with a small amount of bismuth, color remarkably on exposure to ultraviolet light and return to the original white by thermal fading or optical bleaching. The factors affecting the darkening and fading processes were studied experimentally. Under the same irradiation conditions the intensity of uv-induced coloration depended on the Bi content and preparation temperature of the tungstates. Bi contents higher than 0.1 molyo and preparation temperatures higher than 1250°C gave strong coloration. The rate of fading of uv-induced color increased with increasing Bi content. The fading was accelerated by heating; almost all the uv-induced color disappeared at 230°C in 30 min. The fading rate was also increased by visible light exposure. The uv-induced absorption spectra varied systematically with the composition of the tungstates.
Job-occupation misfit as an occupational stressor

Abstract Drawing from theory on met expectations, person–environment fit, and social information processing, misfit between the pressure and autonomy experienced by workers and that which would be expected given their occupational roles was examined as a predictor of job satisfaction, perceived support, and depression. Results from a nationally (U.S.) representative sample using response surface methods indicate that job pressure had much stronger effects on job satisfaction, perceived support, and depression when it exceeded the pressure that would be expected given the occupational role's norms for time pressure and critical decision-making demands. When pressure fell short of occupational norms, effects were much weaker and in some cases reversed. Satisfaction was also highest and depression lowest when the autonomy was at or slightly above the norms for autonomy for one's occupational role. These results have implications for job design, realistic job previews, and the use of normative occupational information in developing work roles that fit worker abilities and interests.
O acesso desigual ao conhecimento científico

The author raises questions about unequal access to scientific knowledge whose consequences affect human well being: control over production of that knowledge, control over its distribution, and access to that knowledge by people whose well being it will or could affect. I will try to show how and why they matter. the problem of access to scientific knowledge involves agency, identity, and freedom. It involves those themes in three different ways. First, the production and distribution of scientific knowledge depends on knowledgeable agents who almost inevitably hoard their knowledge to the differential advantage of themselves and their sponsors. Second, control over scientific knowledge organizes around identity-defining boundaries between those who have rights to that knowledge and those who lack such rights. Third, overcoming the barriers between beneficiaries and victims of unequal access ordinarily requires heroic agency on the part of advocates and political authorities.
Triaxial AFM Probes for Noncontact Trapping and Manipulation

We show that a triaxial atomic force microscopy probe creates a noncontact trap for a single particle in a fluid via negative dielectrophoresis. A zero in the electric field profile traps the particle above the probe surface, avoiding adhesion, and the repulsive region surrounding the zero pushes other particles away, preventing clustering. Triaxial probes are promising for three-dimensional assembly and for selective imaging of a particular property of a sample using interchangeable functionalized particles.
Relationship of E-type Apollo asteroid 3103 (1982 BB) to the enstatite achondrite meteorites and the Hungaria asteroids

Visible and near-IR observations are reported which confirm that Apollo asteroid 3103 (1982 BB) is a high-albedo E-type object with a reflectance spectrum consistent with the iron-free silicates, primarily enstatite, present in the aubrites. Visible and thermal IR light curves indicate that 3103 is an elongated object with no evidence of substantial surface albedo variations. It is presently in an orbital resonance with earth and is probably a relatively long-lived member of the earth-approaching population. This is consistent with the relatively long cosmic ray exposure ages of the aubrites compared to other stony meteorites. The fall geometries of the aubrites are consistent with their being derived from 3103. The ubiquitous brecciated nature of the aubrites and the indications of a single parent body for nearly all these meteorite suggest that 3103 is the sole near-earth parent body of this meteorite type.
Polypeptide Translocation: A Pretty Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words

Higher resolution analysis of the Sec61p complex will be required to define the contour of the channel. Where are the marginally apolar transmembrane segments located, and do they shift about in the presence of a signal peptide? In the assembly of complex membrane proteins, where are membrane anchor domains lodged during the translocation of polar amino acid sequences? How can the SecY complex admit significantly folded domains of secretory proteins and yet remain sealed to protons to maintain the potential across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane? Hopefully the next 25 years will prove as exciting, if not as contentious, as the past 25 years of investigation on the topic of protein translocation.
Analytic Solution for Planar Indeterminate Multiple Point Impact Problems With Coulomb Friction

This work analyzes the effects of the stick-slip transition of planar rigid body systems undergoing simultaneous, multiple point impact with Coulomb friction. A discrete, algebraic approach is used in conjunction with an event-driven scheme which detects impact events. The system equations of motion for the examples considered are indeterminate with respect to the impact forces. Constraints consistent with rigid body assumptions are implemented to overcome the indeterminacy. The post-impact velocities of a system are determined by exploiting the work-energy relationship of a collision and using an energetic coefficient of restitution to model energy dissipation. These developments lead to a unique and energetically consistent solution to the post-impact velocities. A frictionless rocking block example is analyzed as a benchmark case and compared to experimental results to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. Simulation results are also presented for a planar ball example with friction.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Implications of LSI

The dramatic increase in density of circuits on silicon chips has important and far-reaching implications for the design process, reliability, power, cost, manufacturing, and nature and functions of end products, based on LSI technologies. Today, 250 microinch (6μm) geometries are common; 150 microinch (4μm) geometries are in current commercial use. In the next ten years, LSI could be based on 25-60 microinch (0.6 - 1.5μm) geometries. Why, Wherein lies the value of such technologies? How will these technologies affect end products, the manner in which the products are designed, manufactured and tested, and the way people will use them?