cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANALYSE MONETÄRER HYPOTHESEN DES SACHVERSTANDIGENRATES ZUR BEGUTACHTUNG DER GESAMTWIRT‐ SCHAFTLICHEN ENTWICKLUNG

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In diesem Artikel werden die Ausfuhrungen des Sachverstandigenrats im Jahresgutachten 1970 zu monetaren Problemen auf ihre analytische Fundierung hin untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Sachverstandigen uber kein einheitliches, analytisches Gesamtkonzept des monetaren Mechanismus verfugen. Statt dessen grunden sie ihre Aussagen zur Geldpolitik auf nicht miteinander zu vereinbarende Leitvorstellungen uber die Rolle von Bankenliquiditat and Kreditgewahrung. Auch die von den Sachverstandigen vorgeschlagene «potentialorientierte Kreditpolitik», ein Kompositum unanalysierter Teilvorstellungen, kontrastiert bemerkenswert mit den im letzten Jahrzehnt zu verzeichnenden Fortschritten der Geldtheorie and ihrer Anwendbarkeit auf konkrete geldpolitische Fragen. Nach Ansicht der Autoren hat das Jahresgutachten 1970 daher nicht zu einer Klarung dieser Probleme beigetragen. SUMMARY This article examines the analytical foundation of monetary policy statements made by the German economic advisers in their report for the year 1970. It is demonstrated that the economic advisers do not proceed on the basis of a coherent analytical framework of the monetary mechanism. To the contrary, their statements are guided by different inconsistent notions according to which bank liquidity and credit expansion form the core of the monetary process. Likewise, the ‘growth-potential oriented credit policy' proposed is shown to be a compositum of unanalysed partial notions contrasting sharply with the progress monetary theory and its application to real policy problems have made during the last decade. Therefore, the authors hold that the recent report of the German council of economic advisers did not make a contribution towards a better understanding of the problems in question. RESUME Le present article etudie le fondement analytique des bilans de la politique monetaire etablis par les conseillers economiques allemands et publies dans leur rapport pour l'annee 1970. II apparait que les conseillers economiques ne disposent d'aucun concept global coherent et analytique en ce qui concerne les mecanismes monetaires. Par contre, leurs declarations de politique monetaire s'appuient sur des notions - qui ne peuvent concorder entrc elles - relatives au role des liquidites bancaires et a celui du developpement du credit. De meme, leurs propositions, ensemble de notions partielles n'ayant fait l'objet d'aucune analyse, en ce qui concerne la politique du credit orientee vers le potentiel de croissance, contrastent violemment avec les progres de la theorie monetaire, clans la derniere decade, et son application a des problemes concrets de politique monetaire. C'est pourquoi, les auteurs pensent que le rapport recent de l'assemblee des conseillers economiques allemands ne contribue pas a une meilleure comprehension de ces problemes.
A case study of the static analysis of the quality of novice student programs

Helping students to understand the quality of their programs is a difficult task hampered by the time instructors have for grading. When the number of programs to grade are in the hundreds, instructors may be able to handle dynamic analysis of the programs and possibly a cursory glance at the code itself. Automated solutions may appear attractive, but few exist in the literature. Further, not enough examples exist to help instructors choose what metrics would be useful for helping students to visualize how they program. In this study, a collection of static metrics data obtained with Verilog Logiscope is correlated to an estimate of program quality to determine which metrics would show students at least the instructor's idea of quality. The study results are encouraging and show that definite correlations exist so that static analysis is a viable methodology for assessing student work. Further work is considered to help to confirm the study's results and their practical application.
Hetero-Cope Rearrangements of Nitrosobutenes. DFT Studies of Thermal and Acid-Catalyzed Reactions

[Structure: see text] Density functional theory studies of the hetero-Cope reactions of 4-nitroso-1-butenes and nitrosobicyclo[2.2.2]hexenes are reported. The reactions proceed via concerted mechanisms. The electron-withdrawing methoxycarbonyl group alpha- to the nitroso group decreases the activation barrier. Lewis acids such as SbF5 and TiCl4 accelerate the reactions, as has been found experimentally by Zakarian and Lu.
Functional characterization of the Arabidopsis AtSUC2 Sucrose/H+ symporter by tissue-specific complementation reveals an essential role in phloem loading but not in long-distance transport.

AtSUC2 (At1g22710) encodes a phloem-localized sucrose (Suc)/H+ symporter necessary for efficient Suc transport from source tissues to sink tissues in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). AtSUC2 is highly expressed in the collection phloem of mature leaves, and its function in phloem loading is well established. AtSUC2, however, is also expressed strongly in the transport phloem, where its role is more ambiguous, and it has been implicated in mediating both efflux and retrieval to and from flanking tissues via the apoplast. To characterize the role of AtSUC2 in controlling carbon partitioning along the phloem path, AtSUC2 cDNA was expressed from tissue-specific promoters in an Atsuc2 mutant background. Suc transport in this mutant is highly compromised, as indicated by stunted growth and the accumulation of large quantities of sugar and starch in vegetative tissues. Expression of AtSUC2 cDNA from the 2-kb AtSUC2 promoter was sufficient to restore growth and carbon partitioning to nearly wild-type levels. The GALACTINOL SYNTHASE promoter of Cucumis melo (CmGAS1p) confers expression only in the minor veins of mature leaves, not in the transport phloem of larger leaf veins and stems. Mutant plants expressing AtSUC2 cDNA from CmGAS1p had intermediate growth and accumulated sugar and starch, but otherwise they had normal morphology. These characteristics support a role for AtSUC2 in retrieval but not efflux along the transport phloem and show that the only vital function of AtSUC2 in photoassimilate distribution is phloem loading. In addition, Atsuc2 mutant plants, although debilitated, do grow, and AtSUC2-independent modes of phloem transport are discussed, including an entirely symplastic pathway from mesophyll cells to sink tissues.
Cook/chill foodservice system with a microwave oven: Injured aerobic bacteria during food product flow

This study determined how processing in cook/chill foodservice systems affected the quantity of sublethally injured bacteria in food. Beef loaf and frozen green beans were each prepared three times in a laboratory simulation following time-temperature recommendations of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point model. Beef loaf (15 kg) was initially cooked (1 kg/loaf) to a mean and temperature of 66°C; stored 24 h at 6°C and sliced, 100 g/poriton. Beans (4.5 kg) were removed from the freezer, stored 24 h at 6°C, and portioned, 100 g/ portion. Portions were helds at 6°C for 2 h and then were microwave-heated individually for 20, 50, 80, or 110s. Samples were then plated using Plate Count Agar (PCA) to obtain aerobic plate count (APC) and PAC plus 3.0% (beans) or 4.5% (beaf loaf) sodium chloride. The difference in results between the two counts (APC less PCA + NaCl) was defined as a measure of sublethally injured bacteria in the sample. The proportion of injured cells in beef loaf before microwave-heating was larger than that in green beans before microwave-heating probably because the beef loaf was initially cooked. Lenghtening the time of microwave-heating increased the proportion of injured cells in all microwave treatments of beef loaf and also in green beans when the time was 50 or more seconds.
"Women and peace and security": the politics of implementing gender sensitivity norms in peacekeeping.

(2001). ‘Women and peace and security’: The politics of implementing gender sensitivity norms in peacekeeping. International Peacekeeping: Vol. 8, Wonen and International Peacekeeping, pp. 49-68.
Piezo-optical response of Si1−yCy alloys grown pseudomorphically on Si (001)

Abstract We have measured the dielectric functions of three Si 1− y C y alloy layers ( y ≤ 1.4%) grown pseudomorphically on Si (001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy at low temperatures. From the numerical derivatives of the measured spectra, we determine the critical point energies E ′ 0 and E 1 as a function of y ( y ≤ 1.4%) using a comparison with analytical line shapes and analyze these energies in terms of the expected shifts and splittings due to negative pressure, shear stress, and alloying. Our data agree well with the calculated shifts for E 1 , but the E ′ 0 energies are lower than expected.
Carbon and nitrogen accumulation and microbial activity in Mount St. Helens pyroclastic substrates after 25 years

Lupines (Lupinus lepidus var. lobbii )a re important integrators of above and belowground devel- opment of Mount St. Helens (1980) pyroclastic sub- strates because they increase soil organic matter formation and microbial activity and influence other biotic processes. However, basic information is required to understand the unfolding pattern of soil development and to corroborate evidence for increasing rates of organic matter accumulation suggested by earlier work. Soil properties were measured in bare pyroclastic sites without lupines or other plants, under live and under dead L. lepidus. In 2005, pyroclastic substrates had low cation exchange capacity but appeared able to supply sufficient P for plant growth. Soil under live and dead lupines contained higher concentrations of soluble and total C and N, larger, more active microbial communi- ties, more Bradford reactive soil protein and enzymes, and had higher mineralization potentials than bare soil. Comparatively, lupine soil was less dense and had lower C to N ratios and relative respiration rates. Soil micro- bial biomass-C, determined by substrate-induced respi- ration, had not increased under lupines since 1990, and was indistinguishable from hot water soluble-C, sug- gesting microorganisms were a predominant pool of labile-C in these developing soils. Evidence for an important soil glycoprotein, glomalin, in these pyroclas- tic substrates suggests it can form early during soil development. Concentrations of total C and N under lupines have risen to nearly 4 and 0.4 g kg −1 respectively since the 1980 eruption, but 2005 data indicate little change since 1997 and imply inputs from lupines into soil are in equilibrium with losses.
The synthesis of a mesogenic poly(azine‐ether) by polyetherification via cesium diphenoxides and α,ω‐dibromoalkanes

The synthesis of a poly(azine-ether) via Williamson etherification using the cesium salt of 4-hydroxyacetophenone azine and 1,10-dibromodecane was carried out in NMP. Polymers of varying molecular weight with essentially alkyl bromide end groups were produce either by changing the polymerization temperature or by using an excess of the organic substrate. The thermal stability of the polymers was molecular weight dependent and those with the highest DP n exhiited monotropic nematic mesomorphism
MO-F-134-04: Access for Minorities to Physics Education & Research Excellence (AMPERE)

Purpose: The low performance and number of minorities in physics is now well documented. On interviewing minority students to find out if they could identify any obstacles, the African American Students shared that an invisible obstacle was the choice they had to often make either to go to school and lose their friends or keep them and not go to school. This presentation highlights the approach I have since employed to enhance performance/training of minorities in Physics, and how I am applying the lessons learned in enhancing Medical Physics learning at my current institution. Methods: The Access/Alliance for Minorities to Physics Education & Research Excellence (AMPERE) program was created to provide a Physics community/network for the Minority students for peer interaction where they served as friends to each other and challenged and encouraged each other to perform well in physics. I served as faculty mentor with an extra weekly tutoring session. Their performance levels before and after instituting the AMPERE program was compared. Later I applied the community model in the teaching of Radiation Therapy Physics, by creating a discussion forum online on Blackboard Learn. A survey was then conducted to compare satisfaction levels against students who took the course the previous semester without the Blackboard community. Results: A major increase in performance over 30% was observed for the AMPERE students. Initial results also provide anecdotal evidence that Medical Physics students had a better learning experience when participating on the online version of AMPERE Conclusion: Creating a community for peer interaction as with the AMPERE program or online could enhance Medical Physics learning. The results motivate a cross‐institutional study (larger population) as well as possible extension of this to the IAEA VUCCNET online program for training Medical Physicists in developing countries.
Colocutaneous fistula: a rare and silent complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a relatively safe procedure for maintaining long-term enteral nutrition. A very rare complication of this procedure is colocutaneous fistula. We report an unusual case of colocutaneous fistula that was discovered in a 64-year-old man one year following insertion of a PEG tube.
Effects of trifluoperazine on the central nervous system of the cat

Abstract The effects of accumulative doses of trifluoperazine (0·125–8 mg/kg) on the patellar and linguomandibular reflexes and segmentally evoked monosynaptic and polysynaptic spinal cord potentials were determined in the intact cat preparation. Doses of 1–8 mg/kg of trifluoperazine were necessary to depress these reflexes significantly. Reticular evoked facilitation of the patellar reflex was not depressed significantly until the accumulative dose of trifluoperazine reached 8 mg/kg. On the other hand, reticular evoked inhibition was resistant to all administered doses of trifluoperazine (0·125–8 mg/kg). The rigid condition of the Sherrington (gamma-motor driven) decebrate animal was depressed by 4 mg/kg and abolished by 8 mg/kg of trifluoperazine. These studies were interpreted to indicate a brainstem site and a possible spinal cord site of motor depressant action of large doses of trifluoperazine. The EEG discharge of subcortical structures in chronically implanted cats was only minimally depressed by 4–16 mg/kg of trifluoperazine. In addition, hypersynchronous discharge and behavioral responses produced by electrical stimulation of the basolateral amygdala were prolonged following doses of trifluoperazine (4–16 mg/kg). The mean arterial blood pressure was not significantly reduced unless doses of 4–8 mg/kg of trifluoperazine were administered. Trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine (CPZ) were compared in several experiments and possible mechanisms of action discussed.
Multispectral tissue characterization in a RIF-1 tumor model: monitoring the ADC and T2 responses to single-dose radiotherapy. Part II.

A multispectral (MS) approach that combines apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 parameter maps with k-means (KM) clustering was employed to distinguish multiple compartments within viable tumor tissue (V1 and V2) and necrosis (N1 and N2) following single-dose (1000 cGy) radiotherapy in a radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) tumor model. The contributions of cell kill and tumor growth kinetics to the radiotherapy-induced response were investigated. A larger pretreatment V1 volume was correlated with decreased tumor growth delay (TGD) (r = 0.68) and cell kill (r = 0.71). There was no correlation for the pretreatment V2 volume. These results suggest that V1 tissue is well oxygenated and radiosensitive, whereas V2 tissue is hypoxic and therefore radioresistant. The relationship between an early ADC response and vasogenic edema and formation of necrosis was investigated. A trend for increased ADC was observed prior to an increase in the necrotic fraction (NF). Because there were no changes in T2, these observations suggest that the early increase in ADC is more likely based on a slight reduction in cell density, rather than radiation-induced vasogenic edema. Quantitative assessments of individual tissue regions, tumor growth kinetics, and cell kill should provide a more accurate means of monitoring therapy in preclinical animal models because such assessments can minimize the issue of intertumor variability. Magn Reson Med 57:513–519, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
EFFECTS OF STRUCTURED LIPID CONTAINING OMEGA‐3 AND MEDIUM CHAIN FATTY ACIDS ON SERUM LIPIDS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL VARIABLES IN MICE

Diets supplemented with enzymatically produced structured lipid (SL) containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic) and caprylic acid or soybean oil (16. 7 g/100 g) were fed to 4 to 6 week old female mice for 21 days. The effect of the diets on serum lipids (HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol) and glucose concentrations were determined. The concentration of total cholesterol (49%), LDL cholesterol (35.4%) and triacylglycerol (53.2%) were significantly lowered in SL-fed group. The body weight gain in mice fed the soybean oil diet (control group) was significantly (p<0.05) greater than that in mice fed the SL diet after 21 days. The proportion of total T-cells (Thy 1.2 + ), T helper cells (CD4 + ), and T cytotoxic-suppressor cells (CD8 + ) in spleen were not significantly different between the two dietary groups as determined by flow cytometry.
EBIC spectroscopy - A new approach to microscale characterization of deep levels in semi-insulating GaAs

The microscale characterization of electronic defects in (SI) GaAs has been a challenging issue in connection with materials problems encountered in GaAs IC technology. The main obstacle which limits the applicability of high resolution electron beam methods such as Electron Beam-Induced Current (EBIC) and cathodoluminescence (CL) is the low concentration of free carriers in semiinsulating (SI) GaAs. The present paper provides a new photo-EBIC characterization approach which combines the spectroscopic advantages of optical methods with the high spatial resolution and scanning capability of EBIC. A scanning electron microscope modified for electronic characterization studies is shown schematically. The instrument can operate in the standard SEM mode, in the EBIC modes (including photo-EBIC and thermally stimulated EBIC /TS-EBIC/), and in the cathodo-luminescence (CL) and scanning modes. Attention is given to the use of CL, Photo-EBIC, and TS-EBIC techniques.
Further evidence for the dissociation of locomotor activity and head dipping in rats

Abstract Three studies were conducted to determine if ambulation and head-dipping behavior were differentially responsive to environmental or pharmacological variables. The first study showed that the presence of another animal in an adjacent box reduced head-dipping behavior but had no significant effect on ambulation. The second study showed that this effect was due to visual stimulation from the adjacent box. The third study showed that scopolamine affected head dipping but not ambulation. The conclusion is that ambulation and head dipping are different behaviors rather than different manifestations of the same behavior—exploration—and are, therefore, under the influence of different brain functions.
Diurnal depression of leaf hydraulic conductance in a tropical tree species

Diurnal patterns of hydraulic conductance of the leaf lamina ( K leaf ) were monitored in a field-grown tropical tree species in an attempt to ascertain whether the dynamics of stomatal conductance ( g s ) and CO 2 uptake ( A leaf ) were associated with short-term changes in K leaf . On days of high evaporative demand mid-day depression of K leaf to between 40 and 50% of pre-dawn values was followed by a rapid recovery after 1500 h. Leaf water potential during the recovery stage was less than - 1 MPa implying a refilling mechanism, or that loss of K leaf was not linked to cavitation. Laboratory measurement of the response of K leaf to Y leaf confirmed that leaves in the field were operating at water potentials within the depressed region of the leaf ‘vulnerability curve’. Diurnal courses of K leaf and Y leaf predicted from measured transpiration, xylem water potential and the K leaf vulnerability function, yielded good agreement with observed trends in both leaf parameters. Close correlation between depression of K leaf , g s and A leaf suggests that xylem dysfunction in the leaf may lead to mid-day depression of gas exchange in this species.
Corporate governance, chief executive officer compensation, and firm performance

Abstract We find that measures of board and ownership structure explain a significant amount of cross-sectional variation in CEO compensation, after controlling for standard economic determinants of pay. Moreover, the signs of the coefficients on the board and ownership structure variables suggest that CEOs earn greater compensation when governance structures are less effective. We also find that the predicted component of compensation arising from these characteristics of board and ownership structure has a statistically significant negative relation with subsequent firm operating and stock return performance. Overall, our results suggest that firms with weaker governance structures have greater agency problems; that CEOs at firms with greater agency problems receive greater compensation; and that firms with greater agency problems perform worse.
The Accuracy of ICD Codes: Identifying Physical Abuse in 4 Children's Hospitals

Abstract Objective To assess the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), codes in identifying cases of child physical abuse in 4 children's hospitals. Methods We included all children evaluated by a child abuse pediatrician (CAP) for suspicion of abuse at 4 children's hospitals from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2010. Subjects included both patients judged to have injuries from abuse and those judged to have injuries from accidents or to have medical problems. The ICD-9-CM codes entered in the hospital discharge database for each child were compared to the decisions made by the CAPs on the likelihood of abuse. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Medical records for discordant cases were abstracted and reviewed to assess factors contributing to coding discrepancies. Results Of 936 cases of suspected physical abuse, 65.8% occurred in children Conclusions Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of ICD-9-CM codes in identifying cases of child physical abuse were relatively low, suggesting both an under- and overcounting of abuse cases.
Safety of Parenteral Hydroxypropyl β‐Cyclodextrin

Post-treatment data were collected on a patient who received intravenous hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin in a dose of 1.5 g/kg in 1985. Although no untoward effects were observed in this patient, rarely occurring agitation and pulmonary edema have been noted after injections into rabbits and dogs, respectively. These complications are analyzed here on the basis of symptoms and on the effects of hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin on the biochemistry of a representative lipid, cholesterol, which were studied in rats. It is hypothesized that these untoward effects of parenteral hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin are due to complex formation, with lipid mediators of pathological responses, of which prostaglandins are one example. These mediators normally have brief and localized functions; if hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin happens to be injected when these mediator systems are activated, their influence and the responses of the organism may be increased.
Stage, Transfer, and Academic Achievement in Dialect-Speaking Hawaiian Adolescents.

The study reported here is concerned with certain dialect-speaking groups in the United States who do poorly in high school while giving their teachers an impression that they have great intellectual ability and doing well on formal operational tasks. We examined the relation between stage of cognitive development, transfer ability, production ability in Standard English, and school achievement among a sample of high school students in rural Hawaii, speakers of Hawaiian Creole English. A path analysis suggests that transfer ability is the missing ingredient in school performance, and that a habit of active encoding in the classroom, in turn, facilitates transfer.
On the nonenumerative path delay fault simulation problem

The problem of determining the exact number of path delay faults that a given test set detects in a combinational circuit is shown to be intractable. This result further strengthens the importance of several recently proposed pessimistic heuristics as well as exact exponential algorithms for this nonenumerative problem. A polynomial time pessimistic algorithm which returns higher coverage than algorithms with the same order of complexity and at the same time compacts the test set is also presented.
Research and statistics: understanding and identifying bias in research studies.

1. Jacky M. Jennings, PhD, MPH* 2. Erica Sibinga, MD* 1. *Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. You are seeing a healthy 18-year-old patient who is interested in contraception and, specifically, the “Depo shot” or medroxyprogesterone. The information you have gathered from her during your visit and her medical history suggest that she is a good candidate. You take a few minutes out of the visit to review the literature for issues of safety. Most of the articles and reviews suggest that medroxyprogesterone is a good choice for healthy young women, but a recent study shows an association between medroxyprogesterone and the development of hypertension. You look more closely at the study and discover that the young women taking medroxyprogesterone had their vital signs (including blood pressure) checked every 3 months when they came in for the medroxyprogesterone injection. The other women included in the study for comparison only had their vital signs checked every year at annual health supervision visits. You are unclear about whether the study design might have introduced bias and how the bias might affect your reading of the study results. Bias is a major issue in epidemiologic research studies and can lead to inferences that systematically deviate from truth. Bias has been defined as “any systematic error in the design, conduct or analysis of a study that results in a mistaken estimate of an exposure's effect on the risk of disease.” (1 …
Acute Oxalate Nephropathy Associated with Orlistat: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature

Orlistat is a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor used for weight reduction in obese individuals. Enteric hyperoxaluria caused by orlistat leads to oxalate absorption. Acute oxalate nephropathy is a rare complication of treatment with orlistat. Herein we report a patient presenting with acute renal failure which improved minimal with intravenous hydration. She was found to have oxalate crystals on renal biopsy. Patient admitted orlistat use over the counter for weight reduction on further questioning. The purpose of this case review is to increase awareness among patients since they are more focused on losing weight. This case also calls for the provider attention to educate patients regarding side effects of orlistat because of easy availability of orlistat over the counter.
Do adult eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis, males recognize juvenile-specific traits?

Juveniles of many avian species possess spotted or mottled plumage that is distinct from the plumage of adults. Such plumage has typically been assumed to aid in camouflaging vulnerable immature birds. Here, we propose that spotty plumage signals juvenile status, thereby decreasing aggression from territorial adults. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the aggressive responses of adult eastern bluebird males to different combinations of simultaneously presented taxidermic mounts. We found that territorial males attacked adult models significantly more than juvenile models, and that they attacked adult models with orange breasts (typical of adults) more frequently than they attacked adult models with spotty breasts (typical of juveniles). We found no difference in attack rates when models with white breasts (a novel trait) were presented with models possessing spotty breasts. These observations indicate that breast colour is a cue used by territorial adults when identifying conspecific intruders, but that adults do not recognize juvenile-specific plumage as such. Adults respond aggressively only to orange-breasted intruders.
Geometry Reconstruction of Conducting Cylinders Using Genetic Programming

A genetic programming-based method for the imaging of two-dimensional conductors is presented. Geometry is encoded in this scheme using a tree-shaped chromosome to represent the Boolean combination of convex polygons into an arbitrary two-dimensional geometry. The polygons themselves are encoded as the convex hull of variable-length lists of points that reside in the terminal nodes of the tree. A set of genetic operators is defined for efficiently solving the inverse scattering problem. Specifically, the encoding scheme allows for a standard genetic programming crossover operator, and several mutation operators are designed in consideration of the encoding scheme. Several results are presented that demonstrate the method on a number of different shapes
Screening Mobile Devices to Examine Network Health

Screening mobile devices for changes to their local registries is a key vital sign that can provide comprehensive health examinations for the benefit of an enterprise network. Our research reveals that the registry can be modified with very little difficulty to include ''protected" entries within the WinCE registry. Our testing demonstrated that in many commercial computing systems the default configuration permits all access in order to facilitate ease of use, thus exposing this perilous vulnerability. Critical changes to the registry from attacks or direct manipulation are detected by our work, providing increased protection and response time. Vital signs taken from the registry, along with other device data, is periodically reported back to a monitor using a registry short-list, delta-set update via agents we designed for effective reporting (ER) for further diagnosis of the health threat these changes pose to the mobile device(s) and, in the aggregate, the network
Meaningfulness of mean group results for determining the optimal motor rehabilitation program for an individual child with cerebral palsy.

As research on the efficacy or effectiveness of interventions to improve motor functioning in cerebral palsy (CP) has accumulated and been incorporated into systematic reviews, the foundation for evidence-based practice in CP is growing. To determine whether an intervention is effective, clinical trials report mean group differences. However, even if a statistically significant mean group effect is found, this does not imply that this intervention was effective for each study participant or ensure positive outcomes for all with CP. A personalized approach to medical care is currently being advocated based primarily on increasingly recognized genetic variations in individual responses to medications and other therapies. A similar approach is also warranted, and perhaps more justifiable, in CP which includes a heterogeneous group of disorders. Even interventions deemed highly effective in CP demonstrate a range of individual responses along a continuum from a negative or negligible response to a strong positive effect, the bases for which remain incompletely understood. This narrative review recommends that the next critical step in advancing evidence-based practice is to implement research strategies to identify patient factors that predict treatment responses so we can not only answer the question ‘what works’, but also ‘what works best, for whom’.
Ontology generation from tables

We often need to access and reorganize information available in multiple tables in diverse Web pages. To understand tables, we rely on acquired expertise, background information, and practice. Current computerized tools seldom consider the structure and content in the context of other tables with related information. This paper addresses the table processing issue by developing a new framework to table understanding that applies an ontology-based conceptual modeling extraction approach to: (i) understand a table's structure and conceptual content to the extent possible; (ii) discover the constraints that hold between concepts extracted from the table; (iii) match the recognized concepts with ones from a more general specification of related concepts; and (iv) merge the resulting structure with other similar knowledge representations for use in future situations. The result is a formalized method of processing the format and content of tables while incrementally building a relevant reusable conceptual ontology.
Introduction to Telenursing

Telemedicine is a method by which patients can be examined, investigated, monitored, and treated, with the patient and the doctor being located at different places. Tele is a Greek word meaning “distance,” and Mederi is a Latin word meaning “to heal.” Although initially considered “futuristic” and “experimental,” telemedicine is today a reality and has come to stay. In telemedicine one transfers the expertise, not the patient. Hospitals of the future will drain patients from all over the world without geographical limitations. High-quality medical services can be brought to the patient, rather than transporting the patient to distant and expensive tertiary-care centers. A major goal of telemedicine is to eliminate unnecessary traveling of patients and their escorts. Image acquisition, image storage, image display and processing, and image transfer represent the basis of telemedicine. Telemedicine is becoming an integral part of health-care services in several countries.
Arrhythmia management for the adult patient with congenital heart disease: an update and analytical review.

Abstract Arrhythmia in the adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) population is recognized as a major source of morbidity and mortality and has contributed to an increasing burden on the health care system over the past several decades. Abnormalities of impulse formation and propagation encountered in this population are distinct from those encountered in the general adult population. Such differences are related to the anatomic variability of congenital heart disease, the resulting postoperative hemodynamic disturbances, and the effects of prior cardiac surgery on the underlying myocardial substrate. Effective arrhythmia therapy in this population therefore requires a detailed understanding of these diverse processes and often results in specialized care at regional centers of excellence. Given the large and evolving body of literature dealing with the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia in the congenital heart population, a coherent picture of arrhythmia treatment and efficacy can be difficult to establish. The existing data is therefore dissected and summarized in this manuscript. In addition, recent expert consensus guidelines for the management of arrhythmia in the ACHD population have been published and will be reviewed in this article, with a special emphasis on unique considerations when treating CHD patients presenting with a disturbance in cardiac rhythm.
Mobilization, Polarization, and Compromise: The Effect of Political Moralizing on Climate Change Politics

Connecting political issues of the day to people’s deeply held moral convictions, a process we call political moralizing, can influence the salience and direction of their views on the issue and even the nature of their political activity. Beyond opinion change and mobilization, political moralization also changes people’s decision processes on the issue in ways that have important political consequences. By activating and intensifying political attitudes, political moralizing can raise an issue’s profile on the political agenda, making it appear ripe for policy resolution. But political moralizing can also reduce the prospects for policy resolution by making people less willing to accept compromise and increasing perceived polarization on the issue. In this paper, we use innovative survey data, including novel experimental designs, to show that political moralizing can change and intensify public opinion about climate change policy. We find that political moralizing increases mobilization, but also increases perceptions of polarization and decreases acceptance of compromise. Paradoxically, the same strategies that excite the public may reduce the chances for enacting policy change.
Blemish Formation in Processed Microfilm II.

Oxidizing and reducing agents generated by paper cartons during storage may react with the image silver to form. The type of fixing bath, concentration of chlorine in the wash water, washing time and composition of the storage cartons can be factors that accelerate or retard the attack of the peroxide on the image silver. Microfilm washed after fixation in distilled water or chlorine-free tap water formed blemishes when exposed to peroxide paper. A trace of silver chloride in the image silver of processed microfilm augmented the formation of the natural type blemishes when exposed to peroxide paper, but high concentrations of residual silver chloride inhibited blemish formation. During storage, some storage cartons evolved formaldehyde, formic acid, and ammonia which created a chemical environment favorable for blemish formation in microfilm in the presence of peroxide. A correlation was found between the incidence of blemishes and the brand of paper storage cartons. A procedure was developed for testing processed microfilm to determine its susceptibility to blemish formation. According to the present theory, peroxide reacts with the silver in the image, forming colloidal silver which imparts a yellowish or reddish color to the blemishes.
Effect of spawn run time and substrate nutrition on yield and size of the shiitake mushroom

Sawdust substrate supplemented with millet or wheat bran or both, were inoculated with spawn made from an isolate (PSU 305) of Lentinus edodes. Biological efficiency (%) and size data, on mushrooms harvested from sawdust substrate with spawn run (vegetative growth) periods of 58 and 116 days, were analyzed. Biological efficiencies were two to three times greater for the longer incubation period. Production rate (r), defined as the daily average biological efficiency, was highest (r = 0.79%/da) for a 116 day spawn run with both millet and bran as nutritional supplements. Larger mushrooms generally were produced with longer spawn runs. Practical application of these methods should increase the efficiency of shiitake cultivation on supplemented sawdust.
QTCC, A NOVEL METHOD FOR CORRECTING QT INTERVAL FOR QRS DURATION, PREDICTS ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY

Longer QT is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but wide QRS due to bundle branch block (BBB) or intraventricular conduction delay (IVCD) can obscure QT measurement. Our hypothesis is that adjusting the QT for QRS duration using a novel correction method is clinically relevant. We
Numerical Study of Microchamber Filling in Centrifugal Microfluidics

Numerical investigation of the transient, coupled hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of a novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) centrifugal microfluidic system is presented in this study. The driving mechanism for flow within these devices is modeled as a combination of the capillary forces and rotationally induced pressure gradient working in opposition to viscous forces, which are functions of rotation speed and fluid properties. The physical properties of the working fluid are in turn functions of temperature, some of which can have significant variations over the operating temperature ranges of a PCR thermal cycle. The complex balance of viscous, capillary, and rotationally induced inertial forces are crucial factors in optimizing the design of such devices. Hence, the effects of temperature variation on the filling performance cannot be neglected. A commercial CFD code is utilized to simulate the filling of a microchamber when subjected to thermal conditions typical of a PCR thermal cycle. The numerical model accounts for the temperature dependence of the working fluid’s viscosity and surface tension by simultaneously solving the Navier-Stokes and energy equations. The free surface morphology (position, shape) and total chamber fill fraction as a function of time is predicted by using the volume of fluids (VOF) method. Comparison of the predictions from the temperature dependent numerical model to that which assume said physical properties to be constant, demonstrates the strong effect of the fluid’s viscosity and surface tension on the filling rate for various rotation speeds.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Spectral measure computations for composite materials

The analytic continuation method of homogenization theory provides Stieltjes integral representations for the eective parameters of composite media. These representations involve the spectral measures of self-adjoint random operators which depend only on the composite geometry. On nite bond lattices, these random operators are represented by random matrices and the spectral measures are given explicitly in terms of their eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Here we provide the mathematical foundation for rigorous computation of spectral measures for such composite media, and develop a numerically ecient projection method to enable such computations. This is accomplished by providing a unied formulation of the analytic continuation method which is equivalent to the original formulation and holds for nite and innite lattices, as well as in continuum settings. We also introduce a family of bond lattices and directly compute the associated spectral measures and eective parameters. The computed spectral measures are in excellent agreement with known theoretical results. The behavior of the associated eective parameters is consistent with the symmetries and theoretical predictions of models, and the computed values fall within rigorous bounds. Some previous calculations of spectral measures have relied on nding the boundary values of the imaginary part of the eective parameter in the complex plane. Our method instead relies on direct computation of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors which enables, for example, statistical analysis of the spectral data.
Anesthesia for a Newborn Infant undergoing Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy: A Case Report

生後19日3,900gの新生児の腹腔鏡補助下卵巣嚢胞摘出術の麻酔を経験した.動脈血終末呼気二酸化炭素分圧較差(a-ETDCO2)は,気腹前には1mm Hg, 5mm Hgでの気腹時には8mm Hgであった.7mm Hgの気腹と約10°のトレンデレンブルク体位の併用時には換気が障害され,a-ETDCO2は12mm Hgまで増加し,下大静脈圧は,気腹前の6mm Hgから16～19mm Hgまで上昇した.新生児では気腹条件や体位により,a-ETDCO2が大きく変動する可能性があり,注意が必要である.下大静脈圧は,気腹と体位変換を安全に行なう際の指標になる可能性が示唆された.
The Enlightenment of Japan Fundamental Law of Sport on the Transformation of Sport Management Function for Chinese Government

The Fundamental Law of Sport issued in 2011 in Japan has new regulations in many aspects of sport development.This paper interprets the law and holds that,China should learn experience from Japan in term of the transformation of sport management function for Chinese government,that is,it should strengthen the steering function,support the development of sport associations as well as community sport,and reach a balance between the development of "popularity" and " improvement".
Renal Transplantation in the End Stage Renal Disease of Drug Abuse

Abstract Intravenous drug abuse may produce end stage renal disease. In a small group of formerly addicted Federal prisoners on dialysis cadaveric renal transplantation has provided an effective alternative to chronic dialysis. This finding may relate to some abrogation of the immune system in such patients.
Fullerene and Derivatives

Since the discoveries of fullerene C60 in 1985 [1], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1991 [2], and graphene in 2004 [3], carbon-based nanomaterials have generated a great deal of interest in various biomedical applications [4, 5], such as gene delivery [6], optical imaging [7], and nanotherapeutics [8, 9, 10, 11, 12] due to their excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties [13, 14, 15].
Small molecule bradykinin B1 receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents for pain

Publisher Summary Pain is the unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. The perception of pain depends on specific receptors and pathways. The importance of pain in clinical practice, as well as the many aspects of pain physiology and pharmacology that remain imperfectly understood, continue to make nociception an extremely active area of research. Opioids (narcotics), the most powerful analgesics, are the mainstay for treatment of severe acute pain and chronic pain caused by cancer and other serious disorders. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have become an important part of the pharmaceutical treatment of pain (at low doses) and inflammation (at higher doses). With the limitations in the current spectrum of therapies available for pain, there is an unmet need for the development of better, more efficacious new drugs for the management and amelioration of pain. Bradykinin (BK), a positively charged nonapeptide, and kallidin (Lys-BK), along with their des-Arg9/10 metabolites, are naturally occurring vasoactive peptide hormones called kinins. They have been implicated in vascular biology, inflammation and pain, and are released at sites of tissue injury. The medicinal chemistry and preclinical studies on selective small molecule B1 receptor antagonists; aryl sulphonamide B1 antagonists; and amide-based B1 antagonists are being performed and more preclinical data is being disclosed that supports the use of selective B1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of a number of diseases related to inflammation and pain. However, no clinical data have yet become available to validate the target.
Development of the clinically adaptive multidimensional outcome survey

AbstractObjective: Routine outcome monitoring (ROM) has been strongly endorsed by psychotherapy researchers, but has yet to achieve widespread implementation in clinical settings. This article describes the development of the Clinically Adaptive Multidimensional Outcome Survey (CAMOS), an innovative ROM system that allows for local adaptation while providing high quality data. Method: Three-hundred and four clients at a university counseling center and 211 female patients at an eating disorder treatment facility were administered the CAMOS at intake, and 118 took the CAMOS at both intake and discharge. Two models were developed and compared. Both models were developed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: A five-factor model was found to have the best model fit, internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Conclusions: The CAMOS has evidence to support its reliability and validity as a measure of various dimensions of distress. Distinctive tailoring features...
Fetal growth and parental cardiovascular risk: preterm birth matters

It is now well established, but poorly understood, that preterm birth marks excess cardiovascular risk among mothers. The study by Morken et al. provides new and important insights into these links by integrating preterm birth and fetal growth abnormalities as metrics of long-term parental CVD mortality risk. They report that small and large infants delivered preterm are linked to excess maternal CVD risk, but these features are only weakly associated with paternal CVD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.