cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CONSTRUCTION AND GROWTH KINETICS OF A BIOLUMINESCENT METHIONINE AUXOTROPH ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAIN FOR POTENTIAL USE IN A METHIONINE BIOASSAY

Methionine is one of the essential and first limiting amino acids in animal nutrition. In this study, an Escherichia coli methionine auxotroph bacterial strain that exhibits a linear growth response to methionine concentrations was transformed with a plasmid containing genes encoding ampicillin resistance and bioluminescence in order to develop a microbiological technique for methionine quantitation. Transformants were selected based on antibiotic resistance and plasmid containing candidates were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. To confirm the bioluminescent phenotype, video imaging of the strain using long exposure photography yielded colonies exhibiting bioluminescence. The strain was also tested in the presence of ampicillin supplemented media with increasing methionine concentrations and growth response (measured as optical density, OD), growth rates and methionine affinities were compared before and after transformation. Although the transformed E. coli methionine auxotroph exhibited somewhat different growth kinetic responses than the nontransformed strain, the standard curves used for estimating methionine concentrations were not different. Based on the results in this study the transformed bioluminescent strain could be used as an OD-based assay if bioluminescence equipment and materials are not available.
Membrane Cholesterol Content Modulates Activation of Volume-Regulated Anion Current in Bovine Endothelial Cells

Activation of volume-regulated anion current (VRAC) plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular volume homeostasis. The mechanisms, however, that regulate VRAC activity are not fully understood. We have examined whether VRAC activation is modulated by the cholesterol content of the membrane bilayer. The cholesterol content of bovine aortic endothelial cells was increased by two independent methods: (a) exposure to a methyl-β-cyclodextrin saturated with cholesterol, or (b) exposure to cholesterol-enriched lipid dispersions. Enrichment of bovine aortic endothelial cells with cholesterol resulted in a suppression of VRAC activation in response to a mild osmotic gradient, but not to a strong osmotic gradient. Depletion of membrane cholesterol by exposing the cells to methyl-β-cyclodextrin not complexed with cholesterol resulted in an enhancement of VRAC activation when the cells were challenged with a mild osmotic gradient. VRAC activity in cells challenged with a strong osmotic gradient were unaffected by depletion of membrane cholesterol. These observations show that changes in membrane cholesterol content shift VRAC sensitivity to osmotic gradients. Changes in VRAC activation were not accompanied by changes in anion permeability ratios, indicating that channel selectivity was not affected by the changes in membrane cholesterol. This suggests that membrane cholesterol content affects the equilibrium between the closed and open states of VRAC channel rather than the basic pore properties of the channel. We hypothesize that changes in membrane cholesterol modulate VRAC activity by affecting the membrane deformation energy associated with channel opening.
Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome: Report of two cases

Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS) is a rare syndrome that includes a constellation of mandibular hypoplasia and posterior rib defects as its basic features. Additional features can include hearing loss, tracheal cartilage abnormalities, scoliosis, elbow hypoplasia, and spina bifida. Here we report two cases of CCMS and discuss the reported long-term outcome of the disease.
Opportunities for and Impacts of Carsharing: A Survey of the Austin, Texas Market

ABSTRACT Carsharing involves the communal ownership and use of a fleet of vehicles, typically on an hourly basis. Austin CarShare was launched in the fall of 2006, making Austin the first city in Texas with carsharing services. While many studies have discussed the positive impacts of carsharing, few have examined widespread public opinion of carsharing. This study undertook the challenge of investigating traveler preferences during ACS's service launch, in order to anticipate latent demand for such services. The survey provides detailed information on public opinion of different aspects of the ACS program, as well as the expected demand on the service and possible changes in travel patterns. Supplementing the survey results with spatial data, membership models of two pricing plans reveal that households with higher vehicle ownership and income-to-adults ratios are less likely to join the program, while level of education exhibits a convex relationship with the probability of joining the Freedom Plan, cet...
CDP and AP-2 mediated repression mechanism of the replication-dependent hamster histone H3.2 promoter.

The replication-dependent hamster histone H3.2 promoter contains two tandem CCAAT repeats located upstream of the TATA element. It has been shown that the NF-Y/CBF complex binds to a single CCAAT motif with high affinity, whereas the CCAAT displacement protein (CDP) binds to at least two CCAAT motifs in close proximity. Here, we report that the two CCAAT motifs within the H3.2 promoter confer transcriptional repression of the promoter during the cell cycle. While we cannot detect direct association of CDP with Rb in vitro, we discover that CDP can bind AP-2, a ubiquitous factor that interacts with Rb. The interaction domains between CDP and AP-2 are mapped to the highly conserved cut repeats of CDP as well as the basic and dimerization region of AP-2. Further, in transfection assays, CDP and AP-2 act synergistically to suppress the H3.2 promoter. Together, these data support a repression mechanism mediated by CDP and AP-2 that regulates H3.2 gene expression during the mammalian cell cycle. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 699–707, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Perceived Discrimination Among Women in Law Enforcement

ABSTRACT This work explores the depth and dimensions of gender-based discrimination as perceived by female police officers. Using snowball sampling, 27 currently employed female law-enforcement officers in a large metropolitan area of the Southwest were interviewed. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used to analyze the findings and to extract the themes that emerged from the women's perceptions of discrimination coming from their male peers, from male supervisors or administrators, and from citizens of both sexes. Most of thepolicewomen interviewed reported experiencing discrimination from one or all of these sources. However, almost without exception, they saw their situation today as improved over that of the past policewomen. No consistent differences in perceptions emerged related toage, race-ethnicity, rank, employer, or length of service.
General B Factory Design Considerations

We describe the general considerations that go into the design of an asymmetric B factory collider. Justification is given for the typical parameters of such a facility, and the physics and technology challenges that arise from these parameter choices are discussed. Cost and schedule issues for a B factory are discussed briefly. A summary of existing proposals is presented, noting their similarities and differences.
The Role of Self-Affirmation and User Status in Readers’ Response to Identity-Threatening News

Recent research suggests that the effect of self-affirmation on readers’ responses to media messages is not uniform across groups. The present experiment examined whether self-affirmation and group/user status interacted in influencing participants’ responses to a news article with identity-threatening information related to Apple sweatshops in China. Results revealed that for non-Apple users, self-affirmation influenced their appraisal of emotional responses, led them to perceive more news slant and more negative influence of the article on neutral Americans, and lowered their future purchase intentions. The effect of self-affirmation was nonsignificant among Apple users, which could have been thwarted by Apple users’ high defensiveness. Both theoretical implications for future self-affirmation research and practical implications are discussed.
Extraversion, emotionality, and physiological response to relaxation training and hypnotic suggestion.

Abstract The possible predictive relationship of extraversion and emotionality, singly and combined into Eysenck's (1961) 4-fold classification, was examined for differential cognitive and physiological responsiveness to relaxation training, hypnotic suggestion, and a self-relaxation control procedure, and to the degree of inhibition of the physiological response to stressful imagery resulting from the treatment procedures. A total of 60 unselected female Ss, covering the full range on both personality scales, participated in 2 experimental sessions, 1 week apart. Non-significant relationships were found between the personality characteristics and the previously reported individual or combined response to treatment procedures.
Fault tolerant distributed information systems

Critical infrastructures provide services upon which society depends heavily; these applications are themselves dependent on distributed information systems for all aspects of their operation and so survivability of the information systems is an important issue. Fault tolerance is a mechanism by which survivability can be achieved in these information systems. We outline a specification-based approach to fault tolerance, called RAPTOR, that enables structuring of fault-tolerance specifications and an implementation partially, synthesized from the formal specification. The RAPTOR approach uses three specifications describing the fault-tolerant system, the errors to be detected, and the actions to take to recover from those errors. System specification utilizes an object-oriented database to store the descriptions associated with these large, complex systems. The error detection and recovery specifications are defined using the formal specification notation Z. We also describe an implementation architecture and explore our solution with a case study.
Impact of Health Literacy on Health Outcomes in Ambulatory Care Patients: A Systematic Review

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between low health literacy and disease state control and between low health literacy medication adherence in the primary caro setting.Data Sources:The following databases were searched for relevant articles from date of inception to April 2008: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Education Resources Information Center, PsyclNFO, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Iowa Drug Information Service. MEDLINE was searched from 1966 to April 2008. Key words included literacy, health literacy, health education, educational status, disease outcomes, health outcomes, adherence, medication adherence, and patient compliance. Additional articles were identified by reviewing reference sections of retrieved articles.Study Selection And Data Extraction:Studies using a validated measure of health literacy and performing statistical analysis to evaluate the relationship between health literacy and disease s...
What is this Thing Called Source

Although income source is fundamental to international tax system, the U.S. source rules are seemingly ad hoc and lack a general conception of the idea of income source. This brief paper is a preliminary attempt to develop a general concept of source.
Biological Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass uses the ligninolytic potential of certain microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) to reduce the recalcitrance of the feedstock and enhance its digestibility by hydrolytic enzymes. Ligninolytic enzyme systems have been studied mostly in white rot fungi, a type of wood decay fungi that is able to degrade lignin effectively, using a set of high redox potential oxidoreductases. Biological pretreatment can be performed by growing the microorganism directly on the feedstock or using the enzyme extracts. Recent advances in molecular biology have expanded knowledge about existing ligninolytic systems, including the discovery of new enzymes and the development of engineered systems with potential for effective pretreatment and full utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in biorefineries.
Spectroscopy and kinetics of ionic alkali halide excimers generated by a laser-produced plasma

There has been considerable interest in the development of efficient short wavelength lasers in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) regimes; however, very few lasers in this spectral regime have actually been demonstrated. The ionic states of alkali halide molecules have an isoelectronic configuration to the well known rare gas halide excimers, and the scaling of the emission wavelength to the VUV spectral regime due to the highly ionized upper states is possible.1
Intersectionality and Family-Friendly Policies in the Federal Government: Perceptions of Women of Color

This is an exploratory study that examines federal employee’s satisfaction with work–life balance or family-friendly policies. We rely on intersectionality as a theoretical framework to examine how...
Clinical Analysis of Transvaginal Hysterectomy for 483 Cases Large Non-prolapsis Uteruses

Objective:To explore the feasibility of transvaginal hysterectomy(TVH)for large uterus.Methods:Four hundred and eighty-three patients underwent transvaginal hysterectomy,each of them with a uterus larger than 10 weeks pregnant size because of different gynecological diseases,including 368 cases of uterine myoma and 115 cases of adenomyosis.The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the size of the uterus:10～12 weeks pregnant size(127 cases),12～14weeks pregnant size(151 cases),14～16 weeks pregnant size(130 cases)and 16 weeks pregnant size(75 cases).The influence of uterine size on the difficulty of operation was studied.Results:The success rate was 99.8% for TVH,one patient was turned to open surgery because of unexpected uterine sarcoma.The mean weight of 482 removed uteruses was 369.7g(166～1080g).The average operation time and intra-operative bleeding were 62.2min(35～98min)and 156.4ml(50～305ml)respectively.Post-operation vaginal discharge disappeared in 1.6 days.The time of bowel and bladder function resume were 1.5 days(2～3 days)and 1 day respectively.The mean time of temperature normalization and hospitalization were 3.6 days(1～5 days)and 4.8 days(4～7 days)respectively.Conclusion:Transvaginal hysterectomy for large uterus is safe and feasible in selected patients.
Ovomucoid specific immunoglobulin E as a predictor of tolerance to cooked egg

BackgroundOvomucoid is the dominant allergen in hen's egg. Although several studies evaluated the utility of ovomucoid specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels in predicting baked (e.g., muffin or c...
Hermeticism and Science

Why has a mode of thought which is so reductive in its treatment of literature, which makes literature so marginal, which is so sterile in its conclusions been so influential in literary studies? The wave of hermetic criticism appears to have crested, but the terminology and modes of thought it provided linger. How is it that these have so thoroughly infiltrated the language and structures of argument in literary study, and why has hermeticism had so much greater an effect on literary commentary than elsewhere?
INELASTIC NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDY OF THE (O4H4) SUBSTITUTION IN GARNET

Inelastic scattering data have been collected at incident neutron energies of 50, 150, 300 and 600 meV for hydrogarnet [Sr{sub 3}Al{sub 2}(O{sub 4}H{sub 4}){sub 3}], a model compound for silicate hydrogarents found in the Earth`s crust and mantle. The vibrational spectrum is characterized by a relatively sharp O-H stretch at {approximately}460 meV, which is consistent with the weak O...H bond ({approximately}2.65 {angstrom}) and other complex features in the 20-100 meV region. The mode assignment for isostructural grosslar and the infrared spectra for hydrogarnet were used as a basis for the intreperation of many of the neutron spectral features.
Loss of Caveolin-3 Causes Heart Rhythm Abnormalities by Affecting Ca2+-Voltage Coupling in the Mouse Sinoatrial Node

Caveolin-3 (Cav3) is a myocyte-specific scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes that compartmentalize a number of ion channels and transporters involved in sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaking. These channels and transporters are coupled with intracellular Ca2+ cycling (Ca2+-voltage coupling) through rhythmic local Ca2+ releases (LCRs) from ryanodine receptors to initiate an action potential. We hypothesize that disruption of caveolae-associated macromolecular signaling complexes alters SAN automaticity leading to SAN dysfunction. In vivo ECG telemetry, in vitro high-resolution optical mapping, and confocal imaging of intracellular Ca2+ cycling were performed in wild type (WT, n=8) and conditional tamoxifen-induced α-MHC-controlled Cav3 knockout (Cav3-/-, n=8) mice and isolated SAN myocytes. Both in vivo and in vitro,Cav3-/- mice exhibited SAN pacemaking abnormalities characterized by alternating periods of tachycardia-bradycardia rhythm (cycle length varied from 123.6±2.6 ms to 464.4±130 ms), significant beat-to-beat cycle length variability (3.8±1.1 ms in WT vs. 19.5±3.6 ms in Cav3-/-, p<0.01) and shift of the leading pacemaker from the SAN to ectopic foci. In SAN myocytes, Cav3 deficiency led to irregular spontaneous rate with significant cycle length variability (30.9±5.2 ms in WT vs. 644.7±256.4 ms in Cav3-/-, p<0.01). Because LCRs are critically important for the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mediated component of slow diastolic depolarization of transmembrane potential, we measured the period from LCRs to Ca2+ transient initiation in order to evaluate Ca2+-voltage coupling. Cav3-/- SAN myocytes showed significant prolongation (73.9±6.7 ms in WT vs. 130.6±15.0 ms in Cav3-/-, p<0.01) of this period with large beat-to-beat variability (15.5±2.6 ms in WT vs. 71.6±17.4 ms in Cav3-/-, p<0.01). Our findings demonstrate that Cav3 plays a crucial role in supporting functional integrity of the SAN by synchronizing Ca2+-voltage coupling and regulating rhythm of LCRs.
Are human heads getting larger

I am responding to the intriguing PNAS article by Mitteroecker et al. (1), “Cliff-edge model of obstetric selection in humans.” My understanding is that the authors believe that Caesarean section births will allow fetuses with larger heads to survive, thus allowing our species to evolve larger heads. This is an interesting hypothesis but, as an obstetrician, I find some areas of concern. Mitteroecker et al. (1) suggest that head size has increased recently because of the number of Caesarean sections being performed for cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD). However, I do not find any reference in the Mitteroecker et al. report that shows that, indeed, newborn head size has increased. On … [↵][1]1Email: richard{at}population-matters.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Self-Forgiveness in Individual Psychotherapy: Therapeutic Models and Counseling Outcomes

When patients enter individual psychotherapy with guilt or shame over past actions or inactions that hurt themselves or others, self-forgiveness can be a powerful tool to help patients move forward. To be effective, however, therapists must be able to determine when self-forgiveness is an appropriate goal for individual counseling, and they must have working knowledge of the process of forgiving oneself. Toward that end, we outline signs that individual therapy patients could benefit from self-forgiveness. We then review theoretical models on the therapeutic promotion of self-forgiveness, as well as intervention programs designed for individual therapy. We end with a review of the empirical literature on self-forgiveness in individual counseling.
Strategieentwicklung bei internationalen Non-Profit-Organisationen am Beispiel von World Vision: Global und partnerschaftlich stark für Kinder

Um eine Organisation erfolgreich zu steuern und attraktiv zu machen, ist festes Wurzelwerk, eine feste Verankerung in den eigenen Uberzeugungen und eine klare Vorstellung, wohin es strategisch gehen soll, notwendig. Dies gilt auch fur Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO; Englisch: Non-Governmental Organisations, NGOs) und humanitare Organisationen wie World Vision International. Bezuglich dieser Verankerung machen zwei Parameter in der Grundaufstellung World Vision zu einer ganz speziellen Organisation: Wir sind Christen, und wir sind eine sehr foderale Organisation. Der Artikel stellt die Besonderheiten in der Arbeitsweise von World Vision und die Strategieentwicklung bei World Vision dar. Dabei wird jeweils World Vision International und World Vision Deutschland beleuchtet.
Environmental reservoirs for exoS+ and exoU+ strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses its type III secretion system to inject the effector proteins ExoS and ExoU into eukaryotic cells, which subverts these cells to the bacterium's advantage and contributes to severe infections. We studied the environmental reservoirs of exoS+ and exoU+ strains of P. aeruginosa by collecting water, soil, moist substrates and plant samples from environments in the Chicago region and neighbouring states. Whole-genome sequencing was used to determine the phylogeny and type III secretion system genotypes of 120 environmental isolates. No correlation existed between geographic separation of isolates and their genetic relatedness, which confirmed previous findings of both high genetic diversity within a single site and the widespread distribution of P. aeruginosa clonal complexes. After excluding clonal isolates cultured from the same samples, 74 exoS+ isolates and 16 exoU+ isolates remained. Of the exoS+ isolates, 41 (55%) were from natural environmental sites and 33 (45%) were from man-made sites. Of the exoU+ isolates, only 3 (19%) were from natural environmental sites and 13 (81%) were from man-made sites (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that man-made water systems may be a reservoir from which patients acquire exoU+ P. aeruginosa strains.
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF GENERAL RELATIVITY: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

General Relativity -- Einstein’s theory of gravitation -- is at once the most far-reaching and least tested of physical theories. When Einstein advanced it in 1915 he suggested three tests, that is, three effects derived from his equations that were not to be expected on Newton’s theory of gravitation: (1) the gravitational redshift -- the wavelength X of a beam of light moving upwards through a gravitational field should be shifted towards the red by an amount AX/X = gh/c2, where A is the change in wavelength, g the gravitational acceleration, h the distance travelled and c the velocity of light (2) the deflection of starlight by the Sun -- light from a star passing close to the edge of the Sun should be deflected through a small angle of 1.74 arc-seconds (3) the anomalous precession of the perihelion of the planet Mercury -- the perihelion of a planet is the point in its elliptic orbit where it is closest to the Sun. According to Newton’s theory a single planet moving around an isolated massive body will trace a constant orbit so that the line joining the central body and the perihelion will remain fixed in space. Other planets perturb the motion, so that even on Newton’s theory the perihelion of Mercury is expected to advance through an angle of 531 arc-sec/century. Einstein calculated that there is an additional relativistic motion of 43 arc-sec/century. Similar but much smaller effects also occur for other planets.
Software and systems engineering: conflict and consensus

This chapter will identify the key aspects of software engineering and systems engineering in an effort to highlight areas of consensus and conflict to support current efforts by practitioners and academics in both disciplines in redefining their professions and bodies of knowledge.By using the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model - Integrated (CMMISM) project, which combines best practices from the systems and software engineering disciplines it can be shown that significant point of agreement and consensus are evident. Nevertheless, valid objections to such integration remain as areas of conflict. This chapter will provide an opportunity for these two communities to resolve unnecessary differences in terminology and methodologies that are reflected in their different perspectives and entrenched in their organizational cultures.
The Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Stimulates Prostate Tumor Growth by Paracrine Signaling and Recaptures Embryonic Gene Expression in Tumor Myofibroblasts

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway contributes to prostate cancer growth and progression. The presence of robust Shh expression in both normal prostate and localized cancer challenged us to explain the unique growth promoting effect in cancer. We show here that paracrine Hh signaling exerts a non-cell autonomous effect on xenograft tumor growth and that Hh pathway activation in myofibroblasts alone is sufficient to stimulate tumor growth. Nine genes regulated by Hh in the mesenchyme of the developing prostate were found to be regulated in the stroma of Hh over-expressing xenograft tumors. Correlation analysis of gene expression in matched specimens of benign and malignant human prostate tissue revealed a partial 5 gene fingerprint of Hh-regulated expression in stroma of all cancers and the complete 9 gene fingerprint in the subset of tumors exhibiting a reactive stroma. No expression fingerprint was observed in benign tissues. We conclude that changes in the prostate stroma due to association with cancer result in an altered transcriptional response to Hh that mimics the growth promoting actions of the fetal mesenchyme. Patients with an abundance of myofibroblasts in biopsy tissue may comprise a sub-group that will exhibit a particularly good response to anti-Hedgehog therapy.
Nursing Simulation and Transfer of Knowledge in Undergraduate Nursing Programs: A Literature Review.

AIM The purpose of this literature review was to describe what research has been conducted on transfer of knowledge using high-fidelity patient simulation (HFPS) and determine what further research is needed. BACKGROUND The use of HFPS has expanded rapidly in recent years. There is research suggesting that HFPS effectively educates nurses for clinical practice. METHOD An extensive literature search was conducted and analyzed for themes. Exclusion criteria were studies that focused only on graduate-level nursing education, accelerated programs, medical students, registered nurses, and use of low-fidelity simulation or standardized patients. RESULTS Themes that emerged included competence, confidence, safety, timing, method and delivery. Study results varied, with only some showing transfer. CONCLUSION More research is needed to determine how HFPS influences knowledge transfer to the clinical setting.
Do speculators drive commodity prices away from supply and demand fundamentals

Abstract No. We show that managed money traders tend to change positions in the same direction as prices, whereas commercial firms change positions in the opposite direction. Using insights from difference of opinion theory, we conclude that managed money traders have strong beliefs about the markets and trade aggressively. Commercial firms are willing to take the other side of these trades, and thus they provide liquidity to managed money firms. However, we find no evidence that this trading dynamic results in prices that deviate significantly from supply and demand fundamentals.
Assessment of Casual Observers' Willingness to Pay for Increased Attractiveness Through Rhinoplasty.

Importance Contingent valuation, or willingness to pay, is an established economic concept that has been applied in other areas of medicine and may be useful for understanding the economic forces t...
Advancing healthy cities through safer cycling: An examination of shared lane markings

Abstract To advance healthy transportation via increased bicycling, cities combat one of the primary barriers to such cycling – traffic safety concerns – through the provision of various bicycle treatments. Shared lane markings (more commonly known as “sharrows”) are an increasingly common treatment utilized to improve bicyclist safety. While past research confirms that sharrows may effectively influence spacing and other operational measures, the impact on actual safety outcomes remains unsubstantiated due to a lack of dooring-related bicycle crash data. Fortunately, the city of Chicago instituted a program to collect dooring crash data in 2010. Thus, the purpose of this research is to longitudinally examine the association between sharrows and bicyclist injuries by combining traditional crash data with dooring-related crash data. To perform this examination, we divide Census block groups in Chicago into three categories based on what bicycle treatment was installed between the years 2011 and 2014: (i) those block groups with no bicycle facilities installed; (ii) those with only sharrows installed; or (iii) those with only bicycle lanes (standard, buffered, and/or protected) installed. Negative binomial regressions and Kruskal–Wallis tests suggest that block groups with only sharrows installed experienced the largest increase in bicyclist injury rates, with exposure being accounted for through levels of bicycle commuter activity. This relationship held true for overall crashes as well as for dooring-related crashes. These findings raise concerns regarding the safety effectiveness of sharrows as used by the City of Chicago during the study period and should be a call for more research on the subject in a variety of different contexts using various exposure metrics.
A Systematic Review of Relationships Between Mountain Wildfire and Ecosystem Services

Consideration of human–environment dimensions of wildfire make ecosystem services (ES) a useful framework for understanding wildfire challenges and devising viable management strategies. Scientific literature on wildfire and ES is growing rapidly, but connections are disparate and evolving. We review relationships between mountain wildfire and a comprehensive list of 50 relevant ES informed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Our conceptual framework is used to evaluate underlying mechanisms and the direction and scale of wildfire impacts on ES. We focus the review on the Colorado Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, one of the best-studied landscapes in the world for understanding fire-ES relationships and evaluating how regional differences contribute to broader understanding of ES globally. We begin our review by considering key relationships, followed by a structured literature search of wildfire impacts with tabulated trends and findings. Key findings from the review: (1) current fire regimes mostly have negative impacts on ES, with some positive effects on cultural services, (2) changes to vegetation composition and structure are the most common mechanism, (3) mechanisms acting at local and landscape scales impact ES at broader scales, (4) intermediate services warrant attention and management resources, and (5) regional differences may provide opportunities for stronger global synthesis. Familiarity with landscape legacies, current land use practices, and stakeholder values uniquely positions landscape ecologists to contribute to future studies of wildfire-ES connections. A framework that considers the complete suite of ES can guide researchers to seek collaborations that more completely characterize their regions.
Detection of salmonella on globe fruits using pulse excited magnetoelastic biosensors

This paper describes the results of a research project to investigate magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors actuated with a pulse excitation to measure the concentration of Salmonella Typhimurium of globe fruits. The ME biosensors are based on an acoustic wave resonator platform that is a freestanding (free-free) thin ribbon of magnetostrictive material with a lengthto- width ratio of 5:1. A biorecognition probe coated on the surface of the resonator platform binds with a targeted pathogen, i.e. E2 phage that binds with S. Typhimurium. The biosensor was actuated to vibrate longitudinally such that the resonant frequency depended primarily on the length of sensor and its overall mass. A pulsed excitation and measurement system was used to actuate micron scale ME biosensors to vibrate. The biosensor responds in a ring-down manner, a damped decay of the resonance amplitude, from which the resonant frequency was measured. An increase in mass due to the binding of the target pathogen resulted in a decrease in the resonant frequency. The pulsed excitation and measurement system that was developed under this effort and the characterization of its performance on the measurement of Salmonella concentrations on globe fruits is described.
Putting Together the Pieces: Development and Validation of a Risk-Assessment Model for Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy.

BACKGROUND Optimizing outcomes and assessing appropriate candidates for breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy is an ongoing goal for plastic surgeons. METHODS All patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy from 2006 to June of 2018 were reviewed and randomly divided into test and validation groups. A logistic regression model calculating the odds ratio for any complication from 12 risk factors was derived from the test group, whereas the validation group was used to validate this model. RESULTS The test group was composed of 537 nipple-sparing mastectomies (50.2 percent), with an overall complication rate of 27.2 percent (146 nipple-sparing mastectomies). The validation group was composed of 533 nipple-sparing mastectomies (49.8 percent), with an overall complication rate of 22.9 percent (122 nipple-sparing mastectomies). A logistic regression model predicting overall complications was derived from the test group. Nipple-sparing mastectomies in the test group were divided into deciles based on predicted risk in the model. Risk increased with probability decile; decile 1 was significantly protective, whereas deciles 9 and 10 were significantly predictive for complications (p < 0.0001). The relative risk in decile 1 was significantly decreased (0.39; p = 0.006); the relative risk in deciles 9 and 10 was significantly increased (2.71; p < 0.0001). In the validation group, the relative risk of any complication in decile 1 was decreased at 0.55 (p = 0.057); the relative risk in deciles 9 and 10 was significantly increased (1.89; p < 0.0001). In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve was 0.668 (p < 0.0001), demonstrating diagnostic meaningfulness of the model. CONCLUSION The authors establish and validate a predictive risk model and calculator for nipple-sparing mastectomy with far-reaching impact for surgeons and patients alike.
Student perspectives on the impact of service learning on the educational experience.

A research study investigated student perspectives on service learning during the TRAIL to Wellness program, a four-week leisure education program for veterans being treated for substance abuse. Th...
A Broader View of Risk to Health Care Workers: Perspectives on Supporting Vulnerable Health Care Professional Households During COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted both that frontline workers face a new set of personal hazards in health care settings and that there are not well-established recommendations to address the broader risks to these workers and their families. Particularly vulnerable households include dual health care professional households, single-parent health care professional households, and households with health care professionals responsible for a high-risk family member (i.e., an older adult or immunocompromised person). While the demographics of these households are heterogeneous, it is expected that the professional and personal concerns specific to COVID-19 will be similar. These concerns include family safety, balancing full-time work with home-based schooling for children, the looming threat of illness to one or both partners, the potential of infecting high-risk family members, and the challenges of planning for the future during uncertain times. To elucidate these concerns in their department, the authors sought input from colleagues in dual health care professional households through an open-ended email communication. Respondents expressed a range of concerns centered on balancing professional and family responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this commentary, the authors propose several recommendations in the areas of support networks, leadership and culture, and operations and logistics that health care institutions can adopt to minimize the burden on these vulnerable households during states of emergency. The successful implementation of these recommendations hinges on creating a work environment in which all health care providers feel comfortable voicing their concerns.
Synergy Between Electric Pulse and Thermal Effects

Generally, in studies of the bioelectric effects of nanosecond pulses, thermal effects are not considered. While this is certainly true for the delivery of single or a small number of pulses, developments in medical treatment based on tissue ablation have been based pulse trains applied at a high repetition rate. In fact, temperature increases may trigger thermally activated bioeffects. This suggests technological opportunities for electro-manipulation that takes advantage of synergisms between thermal and electrically driven processes. Even with modest temperature changes, large thermal gradients could be established, which in itself can lead to additive electric field creation. The focus in this chapter is on thermal aspects and the possible synergies with electrical stimulation for bio-effects.
Practices of disciplinary symbiosis: (Re)blending theory and method, anthropology and public health.

BACKGROUND If you are dually trained in anthropology and public health and your goal is an academic career, in what academic unit should you make your professional home? Should you be a public health-trained academic anthropologist or an anthropologist in a public health school or program? AIMS Associate Professor of Public Health Anne Sebert Kuhlmann and Assistant Professor of Anthropology Stephanie McClure see their dual training as essential to enacting the career goal of fostering understanding of and positively affecting health in people's everyday lives and preparing students to do the same. "We credit our dual training for our robust perspectives on the nature and causes of health and illness and our recognition that theory and methods are complementary tools in teaching and research. We also recognize that though dual training brings conceptual power and functional applicability to our work, it can also be a challenge to navigate a career path that effectively blends the two. Conventional hierarchies in academia and in public health practice can position the two disciplines for conflict rather than complementarity". MATERIALS AND METHODS In this article, the two first review the complementarity and conflict between anthropology and public health. DISCUSSION Next, shifting to a conversational mode, they compare their paths to dual training, their attempts and successes at bringing those blended perspectives to bear in their current positions, and their ideas about more robustly inhabiting (within themselves) and fostering (between the disciplines) public health/anthropology collaborations.
Moving Target Defense Against Cross-Site Scripting Attacks (Position Paper)

We present a new method to defend against cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. Our approach is based on mutating symbols in the JavaScript language and leveraging commonly used load-balancing mechanisms to deliver multiple copies of a website using different versions of the JavaScript language. A XSS attack that injects unauthorized JavaScript code can thus be easily detected. Our solution achieves similar benefits in XSS protection as Content Security Policy (CSP), a leading web standard to prevent cross site scripting, but can be much more easily adopted because refactoring of websites is not required.
Matrix-Based Inductive Theorem Proving

We present an approach to inductive theorem proving that integrates rippling-based rewriting into matrix-based logical proof search. The selection of appropriate connections in a matrix proof is guided by the symmetries between induction hypothesis and induction conclusion while unification is extended by a rippling/reverse-rippling heuristic. Conditional substitutions are generated whenever a uniform substitution is impossible. We illustrate the combined approach by discussing several inductive proofs for the integer square root problem.
Electromagnetics of complex media and metamaterials

An overview of the electromagnetic properties of complex media and metamaterials, particularly metamaterials with negative real permittivity and permeability, is given and various ideas for potential applications of these materials will be presented.
De novo peptide identification via mixed-integer linear optimization and tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract A novel methodology for the de novo identification of peptides via mixedinteger linear optimization (MILP) and tandem mass spectrometry is presented. The overall mathematical model is presented and the key concepts of the proposed approach are described. A pre-processing algorithm is utilized to identify important m/z values in the tandem mass spectrum. Missing peaks, due to residue-dependent fragmentation characteristics, are dealt with using a twostage algorithmic framework. A cross-correlation approach is used to resolve missing amino acid assignments and to select the most probable peptide by comparing the theoretical spectra of the candidate sequences that were generated from the MILP sequencing stages with the experimental tandem mass spectrum. The novel proposed de novo method, denoted as PILOT, is compared to existing popular methods such as Lutefisk, PEAKS, PepNovo, EigenMS and NovoHMM for a set of spectra resulting from QTOF instruments.
Interaction of polynucleotides with cultured mammalian cells: III. Initial binding at cell surfaces☆

Abstract The initial binding of synthetic polyribonucleotides and different RNAs to Ehrlich ascites cells has been studied using cell electrophoresis. When cells were pre-incubated in the presence of polylysine significant differences in the binding of different polyribonucleotides were observed. For example, Poly (A):Poly (U) caused a greater change in electrophoretic mobility than Poly (I):Poly (C). The increased electrophoretically detectable change after treatment with Ehrlich ascites RNA compared with E. coli tRNA could be correlated with increased uptakes of labelled Ehrlich ascites RNA compared with tRNA. An interesting observation was that when Poly (A) was added before Poly (U), a greater effect on electrophoretic mobility was found compared with the effects when the order of addition was reversed. It is suggested that copolymer formation from the homopolymers can occur at the cell surface.
Slow Strain-Rate Testing in High Temperature Water

The apparatus and technique employed in slow strain-rate testing of stainless steels in high temperature high purity water are described and discussed. Typical results from work in progress on the influence of heat treatment and surface treatment on the intergranular stress corrosion cracking of Types 304 and 308 stainless steel and Alloy XM-19 are described. The correspondence between strain-rate tests varies from alloy to alloy. The minimum strain rate required to cause intergranular cracking varied significantly with the alloy and with the surface treatment. It is suggested that reduction of area and observation of the fracture mode provide better measures of environmental interactions than measures of tensile parameters obtained from the test records.
Effect of Sodium Chloride and pH on Enterotoxin B Production

Genigeorgis, Constantin (University of California, Davis), and Walter W. Sadler. Effect of sodium chloride and pH on enterotoxin B production. J. Bacteriol. 92:1383–1387. 1966.—The growth and production of enterotoxin B by Staphylococcus aureus strain S-6 in Brain Heart Infusion broth with 2 to 16% sodium chloride and an initial pH of 5.1 to 6.9 was studied during a 10-day incubation period at 37 C. Growth was good at pH 6.9 and with a 16% concentration of salt, but no cells survived after 10 days of incubation at pH 5.1 and with a 16% concentration of salt. With geldiffusion technique, enterotoxin B was detected in broth with pH 6.9 and up to 10% salt or pH 5.1 and up to 4% salt. Growth and enterotoxin production were better when pH was increased and salt concentration was decreased. The dependence of toxin production on the interaction of these two factors was demonstrated.
Child support: new focus for social work practice

Most social work practitioners are nomic dependence, many were alarmed familiar with the 1974 amendments to by the perceived punitive quality of the the Social Security Act, which set up Title IV-D program, with its cost Title 1V-A and authorized funds to proreduction rationale and the heavy vide for training, education, and a varihanded implications of the term "en ety of social services for recipients of forcement." In addition, some social AFDC (Aid to Families with Depenworkers saw the establishment of the dent Children). Fewer are aware that Title IV-D program as a shift of public Title IV-D of the same congressional policy toward one of harassment of act established, for the first time, a fedpoor families headed by women alone, eral system to enforce the parental obTo others, however, Title IV-D was ligation of providing economic support simply another step in a series designed for dependent children. Under the adto reduce public responsibility for ministration of the Office of Child SupAFDC-dependent families by shifting port Enforcement, Title IV-D also was responsibility for dependent children to provide a mechanism for the collecback to their parents, tion and dispersion of these support While drawing no conclusions as to monies.1 the ultimate motives of policymakers Although practitioners familiar with who were responsible for this new pro the new federal program generally gram, this article will review two viewed Title IV-A as a positive public noteworthy federal programs that pre effort to prevent and alleviate ecoceded the Social Security Act Amend ments of 1974 and anticipated the Judith H. Cassetty, Ph.D., is aforementioned shift in public policy Assistant Professor, School of Social toward private assumption of responsi Work, University of Texas, Austin. bility. In addition, arguments will be developed in support of increased knowledge and understanding on the part of social work practitioners of par ents' obligation to support their chil dren. The article will also suggest how awareness of the significance of this aspect of family relationships can im prove social work practice with clients from all types of socioeconomic
Leadership Complexity and Development of the leaderplex Model

Researchers have considered cognitive, social, and behavioral aspects of leadership, but except for Zaccaro (1996a, 1996b), not all three simultaneously. A comprehensive treatment of all three aspects in one model enhances the understanding of leadership. We review research in the areas of cognitive, social, and behavioral complexity and propose an integrative framework—the Leaderplex Model. We set forth propositions to stimulate integrative, empirical leadership research in such areas as diversity, global organizations, team-based organizations, charisma, and hierarchy.
Restricted one-counter machines with undecidable universe problems

We show the undecidability of the universe problem for two restricted classes of nondeterministic one-counter machines. These classes are among the simplest known for which the universe problem can be shown unsolvable.