cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early administration of tocilizumab (Toci) for the prevention of grade 4 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) after CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy (CTL019)

Background & Aim The most common side effect of CD19-directed CAR-T cell therapy is CRS. IL-6 blockade by toci typically results in rapid resolution of severe CRS in CTL019 treated pts; however, the ideal timing of toci remains unclear. Pts with high tumor burden (TB; defined as ≥40% marrow blasts) are at high risk for severe CRS. We hypothesized that preemptive toci administration early in the course of CRS in pts with high TB might decrease acute CRS severity without compromising efficacy. Methods, Results & Conclusion MTD We conducted a two-cohort, open-label study of the timing of toci on CTL019-associated CRS. Pts were 1-24 yo with CD19-expressing relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL). CTL019 was manufactured at the UPenn Cell and Vaccine Production Facility. Enrolled pts were assigned to high (≥ 40%) or low ( 38.5 C measured twice in 24 hours (“early toci”) and subsequently treated per standard CRS algorithm. Primary endpoint: frequency of gr4 CRS (Penn scale) in ≤5/15 pts. Secondary endpoints: D28 tumor response, remission duration, additional toxicities. RES 78 pts were screened, all were enrolled. 65 pts were evaluable for analysis at data cutoff. 15 pts were assigned to HTBC, 50 pts to LTBC and all were infused with CTL019 (median dose 5.0 × 106 [range 5.6 × 105-3.9 × 107] CAR+ T cells/kg). The overall rate of gr4 CRS was 9% (27% in the HTBC, 4% in the LTBC, Table 1). The overall rate of gr1-4 CRS was 72% (100% in the HTBC, 64% in the LTBC). One pt in the HTBC died from CNS hemorrhage after gr4 CRS. All patients in the HTBC received the early toci intervention. The overall rate of gr3 and 4 CRS was lower than in two prior studies of CTL019 therapy in pediatric r/r B-ALL (18% vs 42% in CHP959 and 48% in ELIANA). The ORR at day 28 follow-up was 97% (87% HTBC, 100% LTBC, with 71% CR and 26% CRi, Table 2). CONC We defined clincially meaningful reduction in severe CRS if ≤5/15 subjects had gr4 CRS in the HTBC; this a priori defined primary end-point was met. Early administration of toci targeted to pts with high TB may reduce the incidence of severe CRS while maintaining excellent efficacy of CTL019 therapy. TB remains a major predictor of toxicity. Longer follow-up is ongoing to assess impact on duration of remission.
Abstract 266: Relationship between BAG3 expression and the cytotoxicity of laromustine in HL60 cells

Laromustine is an experimental sulfonylhydrazine prodrug with clinical potential against acute myelogenous leukemia and glioblastoma multiforme. Cytotoxicity is largely due to DNA crosslinking activity from an electrophilic subspecies of laromustine generated in situ. However, methylisocyanate, another electrophile cogenerated upon base-catalyzed activation of laromustine, induces acute toxicity in cultured leukemia cells. Isocyanate-mediated cytotoxicity likely involves apoptotic processes revealed in experiments presented herein showing PARP cleavage, caspase 3/7 activation, and annexin-V staining. We demonstrate that compounds that yield methylisocyanate, including laromustine, cause substantial dysregulation of gene transcription patterns that are not observed with a derivative of laromustine that possesses the DNA crosslinking activity but not the methylisocyanate. Purified mRNA from promyelocytic HL60 cells treated with either 100 µM agent or an equivalent volume of DMSO was measured using real-time RT-PCR experiments and GeneChip analyses. Among the nearly 3,000 genes dysregulated upon exposure to both laromustine and its methylisocyanate-bearing analog, BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) emerged as a promising candidate for further investigation. This anti-apoptotic gene was significantly upregulated in these conditions. So as to assess the significance its gene product in cell death or survival in cultured cells treated with laromustine, a stable cell line expressing an shRNA construct to knock down BAG3 was engineered from HL60 cells using lentiviruses. Preliminary evidence suggests that these cells are more susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of laromustine. These data suggest that BAG3 may be part of a defensive strategy for promyelocytic leukemia cells to survive treatment with laromustine. Citation Format: Stanley R. Clarke, Allie H. Naccara, Amanda J. Loya, Sam W. Marchant, Xiaoou Wang, Thomas J. LaJoie, Jordyn N. Smith, Kevin P. Rice. Relationship between BAG3 expression and the cytotoxicity of laromustine in HL60 cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 266.
Philosophical Reflections on Dialogue

In this chapter, the author considers the nature of dialogue, its risks, limitations, and processes. Philosophical discourse on dialogue is reviewed and its relationship to interreligious dialogue and education is suggested. The author draws selectively on the extensive tradition of Western philosophers who have written about dialogue as a method for arriving at knowledge and truth.
Models of leadership development: a conceptual framework linking theory to strategic practice

Developing leadership capacity is a complex, multifaceted process. Models provide valuable tools for understanding and navigating these intricate developmental trajectories. The existence of multiple models of leadership development presents challenges for HR professionals seeking to design effective interventions targeting specific developmental needs of leaders and the organisations they serve. Models provide a missing link between leadership theory and developmental techniques, but have been omitted from strategy discussions. This comparative analysis identifies theoretical and operational distinctions among strategic models of leadership development, highlighting the utility of each for practitioners, scholars and educators. A models of leadership development framework (MoLD) is introduced, along with guidelines to promote the selection of appropriate models for enhancing leadership capacity among individuals, groups and organisations. Implications are explored with particular attention to facilitating effective practice, educating development professionals and identifying the empirical evidence needed to enhance existing models and address conceptual gaps highlighted by this analysis.
Epidural Fibrin Sealant Injection for the Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Following Dural Puncture in Children.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, intracranial hypotension, and postdural puncture headaches are common following dural punctures. Management usually consists of conservative treatments with medications (e.g. caffeine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, opioids), increased fluid intake, and bed rest. In more severe and persistent cases, epidural blood patches (EBPs) are indicated. When multiple EBPs fail, epidural injection of fibrin sealant has been successful in a few reported adult cases. The authors describe the first reported clinical experiences of epidural fibrin patch in children for repair of CSF leak and resolution of intracranial hypotension. This technique was used in three cases where serial EBPs failed to resolve symptoms related to intracranial hypotension following dural puncture. Following the procedure, each patient had resolution of their presenting clinical symptoms and radiographic abnormalities, and there were no noted complications. Epidural fibrin sealant injection is a reasonable option for relieving intracranial hypotension due to CSF leak following dural puncture in children.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT WITH AND WITHOUT UNDERLYING MALIGNANCY

Transcutaneous aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is known to improve patient survival in inoperable aortic stenosis. However, data is limited about performing TAVR in patients with underlying malignancy. Hence, we hypothesized to study clinical outcomes of performing TAVR in these patients. We
The copycat conundrum: The double-edged sword of crowdfunding

Abstract Crowdfunding has proliferated over the past decade, creating various platforms on which new entrepreneurs signal their value to potential backers in order to attract funding. The boons of crowdfunding have blinded both practitioners and scholars alike, leaving potential negative unintended consequences underexplored. Copycats, for example, are a potential problem for crowdfunding ventures. In this article, we examine the consequences of signaling to these ill-intentioned, opportunistic audiences on crowdfunding platforms and propose a solution to aid novice entrepreneurs in making a more informed decision on platform selection. Specifically, we provide guidance on when to select an open, semi-open, or closed crowdfunding platform to reduce the impact of copycats. We conclude with prescriptive advice to novice entrepreneurs.
The classical double copy of regular non-singular black holes.

We apply the classical double copy procedure to a class of regular, non-singular black hole solutions. We give several examples, paying particular attention to a string-theory-corrected black hole solution emerging from T-duality. Non-perturbative stringy corrections introduce an ultraviolet (UV) zero-point length cutoff which results in non-singular black hole spacetimes. Apart from the UV regulator, the solution is equivalent to the Bardeen black hole spacetime. We extend this solution to include an asymptotic de Sitter background. All Yang-Mills field theory quantities associated with the double copy are well-behaved and finite for all values of parameters. We present a thorough analysis of the black hole horizon structure, additionally uncovering a simple yet new connection between horizons on the gravity side and electric fields on the gauge theory side of the double copy.
Seeds of change: Social factors conditioning intervocalic /s/ voicing in Loja, Ecuador

Abstract Intervocalic /s/ voicing is of much interest recently in Hispanic Linguistics for two principal reasons: this feature has been attested in diverse dialects of Spanish, and it has been shown to correlate in production and perception with social factors (Davidson 2014; Chappell 2016; Garcia 2019; among others). One finding that often surfaces is that male speakers voice more than female speakers, and recent studies consider whether this may be due to physiological differences (File-Muriel, Brown, and Gradoville 2015; Chappell and Garcia 2017). The present study examines the interaction of gender, age, and interspeaker variation in the voicing of intervocalic /s/ in the speech of 31 natives of Loja, Ecuador. While variationist studies overwhelmingly show women leading change in progress, I argue that young men are leading voicing in Lojano Spanish and that this study of a smaller, non-English speaking community further elucidates the intricacies of gender and linguistic change.
Internet governance in the “post-truth era”: Analyzing key topics in “fake news” discussions at IGF

Abstract The governance of information sharing online is a complicated issue, especially in context of varying global perspectives on speech rights, freedom of expression, the role of news media, and core internet values. While discussions of misinformation/disinformation and their like have existed for millennia, 2016 marked a move into what some have called a “post-truth era,” where information, both true and not, has become weaponized for political gain. This paper seeks to examine how discussions at the UN Internet Governance Forum unfold by analyzing transcripts of misinformation sessions from 2016 to 2019, asking (1) What key terms are used most often during these discussions? (2) Have and how have these frequent terms evolved over time? Applying the CRISP-DM approach to text mining, I find that overall prominent terms are “internet” and “people,” though the frequent terms vary differently when analyzed by year, showing an evolution of the discussion from 2016— “rights” and “journalists”—to 2019— “data” and “content.” This study provides insights into the de/refining of the causes, vectors of and remedies to the ongoing information crisis.
Intratympanic Steroid Injection

Abstract Intratympanic steroid therapy is an important treatment modality for managing certain inner ear pathology. Indications for intratympanic steroid injections include sudden sensorineural hearing loss, Meniere's disease, autoimmune inner ear disease and acoustic trauma. In this article, we discuss the evidence supporting various indications for intratympanic steroid therapy and describe the technical steps necessary to perform intratympanic injections.
Finding Bayesian Optimal Portfolios with Skew-Normal Returns

In the presence of asset returns’ non-normal behavior, optimal portfolio selection techniques should consider higher-moment risks. In this paper, we extend the Black-Litterman (BL) asset allocation model (Black & Litterman, 1990) by applying the hidden truncation skew-normal distribution (Arnold & Beaver, 2000). Based on Simaan’s approach (Simaan, 1993), we also develop a three-moment BL model considering skewness. Using the skew-normal returns, the skew-normal BL model provides optimal portfolios with the same expected return but less risk compared to an optimal portfolio of the classical BL model. We find that the portfolios become more negatively skewed as the expected returns of portfolios increase at any level of N (non-spherical variance), which suggests that the investors trade a negative skewness for a higher expected return. We also find the negative relation between portfolio volatility and portfolio skewness. In other words, the investors trade a lower volatility for a higher skewness or vice versa reflecting that stocks with big price declines are more volatile.
Performance evaluation of dual-ended readout PET detectors based on BGO arrays with different reflector arrangements.

OBJECTIVE Dual-ended readout depth-encoding detectors based on bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillation crystal arrays are good candidates for high-sensitivity small animal positron emission tomography used for very-low-dose imaging. In this paper, the performance of three dual-ended readout detectors based on 15 × 15 BGO arrays with three different reflector arrangements and 8 × 8 silicon photomultiplier arrays were evaluated and compared. APPROACH The three BGO arrays, denoted wo-ILG (without internal light guide), wp-ILG (with partial internal light guide), and wf-ILG (with full internal light guide), share a pitch size of 1.6 mm and thickness of 20 mm. Toray E60 with a thickness of 50μm was used as inter-crystal reflector. All reflector lengths in the wo-ILG and wf-ILG BGO arrays were 20 and 18 mm, respectively; the reflectors in the wp-ILG BGO array were 18 mm at the central region of the array and 20 mm at the edge. By using 18 mm reflectors, part of the crystals in the wp-ILG and wf-ILG BGO arrays worked as internal light guides. MAIN RESULTS The results showed that the detector based on the wo-ILG BGO array provided the best flood histogram. The energy, timing and DOI resolutions of the three detectors were similar. The energy resolutions full width at half maximum (FWHM value) based on the wo-ILG, wp-ILG and wf-ILG BGO arrays were 27.2 ± 3.9%, 28.7 ± 4.6%, and 29.5 ± 4.7%, respectively. The timing resolutions (FWHM value) were 4.7 ± 0.5 ns, 4.9 ± 0.5 ns, and 5.0 ± 0.6 ns, respectively. The DOI resolution (FWHM value) were 3.0 ± 0.2 mm, 2.9 ± 0.2 mm, and 3.0 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. Over all, the wo-ILG detector provided the best performance.
Modulation Of CNS Neurotransmitter Levels And Associated Behaviors In Organic Anion Transporter 1 (Slc22a6) And Organic Anion Transporter 3 (Slc22a8) Knockout Mice

MODULATION OF CNS NEUROTRANSMITTER LEVELS AND ASSOCIATED BEHAVIORS IN ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER 1 (SLC22A6) AND ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER 3 (SLC22A8) KNOCKOUT MICE Christine A. Farthing Bachelor of Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014 Major Director: Douglas H. Sweet, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy According to the World Health Organization, mental disorders represent the leading cause of disability in the US generating ~58 billion dollars in medical costs annually. Additionally, among the US population, ~40 million adults suffer from an anxiety disorder and ~14 million suffer from a major depressive disorder. The association between the persistence of these neurobehavioral conditions and central nervous system (CNS) levels of biogenic amines and metabolites has been studied for half a century. Further, a number of drugs interfering with neurotransmission/metabolism are used clinically for treatment of these disorders. Recently, some members of the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, the SLC22 transporter family, which includes organic anion transporters (Oat1, Oat3), were found to be expressed and functional on the apical membrane of the choroid plexus, a component of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The cells of this epithelia form tight junctions, which slows penetration of solutes into the brain and limits passive efflux of endogenous solutes from the brain. Therefore, Oat1 and Oat3 are poised to play an active role in the removal of NTs and metabolites from the CSF. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying roles of OATs in regulating CNS neurotransmitters and connecting their activity to complex behaviors may result in improved understanding of the processes governing CNS homeostasis. Basal locomotor, anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors in mice of three genotypes (WT, Oat1, and Oat3) across ages (3-18 mo.) were evaluated using behavioral paradigms (e.g. open field activity (OFA), light-dark (LD), marble burying (MB), and tail suspension test (TST)). Secondly, a simple high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/electrochemical detection (HPLC-UV/ECD) method was developed for quantitation of monoamines and metabolites in mouse whole brain. Following completion of behavioral assessments, whole brain concentrations of monoamines and metabolites were determined using the developed method. Lastly, a novel gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was developed for quantitation of amino acid neurotransmitters, L-glutamic acid (GA) and γaminobutyric acid (GABA), in mouse whole brain. The developed method was used for measurement of whole brain concentrations of GA and GABA in a small subset of WT, Oat1, and Oat3 mice at 3 and 18 mo.
Direct Estimates of the Genomic Contributions to Blood Pressure Heritability within a Population-Based Cohort (ARIC)

Blood pressure (BP) is a heritable trait with multiple environmental and genetic contributions, with current heritability estimates from twin and family studies being ~ 40%. Here, we use genome-wide polymorphism data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study to estimate BP heritability from genomic relatedness among cohort members. We utilized data on 6,365,596 and 9,578,528 genotyped and imputed common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in 8,901 European ancestry (EA) and 2,860 African Ancestry (AA) ARIC participants, respectively, and a mixed linear model for analyses, to make four observations. First, for BP measurements, the heritability is ~20%/~50% and ~27%/~39% for systolic (SBP)/diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in European and African ancestry individuals, respectively, consistent with prior studies. Second, common variants with allele frequency >10% recapitulate most of the BP heritability in these data. Third, the vast majority of BP heritability varies by chromosome, depending on its length, and is largely concentrated in noncoding genomic regions annotated as DNaseI hypersensitive sites (DHSs). Fourth, the majority of this heritability arises from loci not harboring currently known cardiovascular and renal genes. Recent meta-analyses of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and admixture mapping have identified ~50 loci associated with BP and hypertension (HTN), and yet they account for only a small fraction (~2%) of the heritability.
Understanding Fair Labor Practices in a Networked Age

Unionization emerged as a way of protecting labor rights when society shifted from an agricultural ecosystem to one shaped by manufacturing and industrial labor. New networked work complicates the organizing mechanisms that are inherent to unionization. How then do we protect laborers from abuse, poor work conditions, and discrimination?
Reversing the established order: Should adrenal venous sampling precede cross-sectional imaging in the evaluation of primary aldosteronism?

Background Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the definitive evaluation for primary aldosteronism (PA). Pre-AVS cross-sectional imaging does not reduce the need for AVS. The goal of this study was to examine whether performing AVS prior to imaging could decrease the use of imaging in the evaluation of PA at a high volume, experienced center. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of all AVS procedures (n = 337) done for PA from 2001–2013. Patients whose cross-sectional imaging reports were unavailable (n = 90) or AVS was non-diagnostic (n = 12) were excluded. AVS was performed using modified Mayo technique. Univariate analysis utilized the χ2 test and fisher's exact test. Results Of the 235 patients analyzed, 63% (n = 148) were male. The mean age was 55 ± 11 years. AVS was non-lateralizing in 43% (n = 101); these patients might have avoided imaging with an AVS-first approach. Imaging and AVS were concordant in 52% (n = 123). In patients ≤40yo (n = 23), 35% (n = 8) had no lateralization on AVS, and might have avoided imaging in an AVS-first approach. Imaging and AVS were concordant in 52% (n = 12) of patients ≤40yo, versus 52% (n = 111) of patients >40yo (P = 0.987). Conclusion An AVS-first, imaging-second approach could have avoided CT/MRI in 43% of patients. At a high volume, experienced center, performing AVS first on patients with PA may reduce unnecessary cross-sectional imaging studies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:144–148. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synaptic functions in rat sympathetic neurons in microcultures. I. Secretion of norepinephrine and acetylcholine

This is the first of a series of four papers that describes the use of a sensitive "microculture" procedure for examining the neurotransmitter profile of a neuron by assaying the transmitter(s) it releases. Sympathetic principal neurons isolated from the superior cervical ganglia of neonatal or adult rats were grown for 10 d to several months on small islands of cardiac myocytes (island diameter, ca. 0.5 mm). To assay transmitter status a neuron and a myocyte in the same microculture were impaled with microelectrodes, the neuron was stimulated and the pharmacology of the effect(s) on the group of electrically coupled myocytes, and on the neuron itself, was investigated. Because the growing axonal processes were confined to the island, the innervation of the myocytes became dense; transmission from neuron to myocytes occurred reliably and was often intense. Most experiments were done on islands containing only a single neuron so that the observed effect(s) on the myocytes could be confidently assigned to that neuron. After the physiological assay, the fine structure or cytochemistry of the neuron was often examined. With single-neuron microcultures the physiology and anatomy of the neuron, including the fine structure of its synaptic endings and varicosities, could be correlated unambiguously. During the course of this work, we have observed five pharmacologically distinct effects exerted on the myocytes by either neonate- or adult-derived neurons. Three of these effects, one exerted at least in large part by adenosine and the others by agents still under study (one appears to be 5-HT), are described by Furshpan et al. (1986), Matsumoto et al. (in press), and D. Sah and S. G. Matsumoto (unpublished observations). This paper is concerned with evidence for secretion by these neurons of norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh). The physiological effects of the secretion of these two substances onto the myocytes (excitation and inhibition, respectively) were generally similar to those reported in vivo. The minimal latencies of the responses were short, probably due to the high density of innervation. ACh secreted by a neuron onto itself, at autapses, evoked fast nicotinic EPSPs. We have not detected autaptic effects attributable to the secretion of NE. A minority of the neurons were detectably only adrenergic or only cholinergic. The incidence of these transmitter states was strongly dependent on culture age and culture conditions; in a heterogeneous group of about 300 reasonably well-characterized neurons about 17% (12% of neonate-derived) were apparently purely adrenergic and about 10% (13% of neonate-derived) were apparently purely cholinergic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Purification and properties of the pea enation mosaic virus.

A procedure was developed for the purification of the pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) using differential and rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. Infectivity and serological data indicated that the highest virus concentration occurs in infected peas (Pisum sativum) 10-12 days after mechanical inoculation when the plants are grown at 16-22 degrees . Tests with several buffer salts at various concentrations and pH values showed that 0.1-0.3 M acetate, pH 6.0, was the most suitable for extraction of virus and maintaining its infectivity. Approximately 0.3 mg of virus could be obtained per gram of infected plant material. Infectivity was found to be associated with two nucleoprotein components with sedimentation coefficients of 106 +/- 2 and 122 +/- 1.5 S, which separated during density gradient centrifugation but which were not present in similarly treated healthy tissue. The slower sedimenting component appeared to be more infectious than the bulk of the virus material, which sedimented somewhat more rapidly. Both components were composed of small polyhedral particles approximately 36 micron in diameter as revealed by electron microscopy. In addition to the two infectious components, one other which was antigenically incomplete and of low molecular weight occurs in freshly extracted sap and the supernatant of ultracentrifuged homogenates of infected peas.
Quantitative small-angle light-scattering studies of the melting and crystallization of LLDPE/LDPE blends

Small-angle light-scattering (SALS) patterns were obtained during melting and crystallization of blends of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) with conventional low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Quantitative measurements of these SALS patterns using a two-dimensional optical multichannel analyzer apparatus (OMA2) indicate that the LLDPE which is miscible with the LDPE component in the molten state crystallizes first, forming volume-filling spherulites. The LDPE then crystallizes within the preformed spherulites. These findings are supported by optical microscopy studies showing that the blend samples were volume filled with one kind of the spherulites having a radius comparable to that of the pure LLDPE. The SALS intensity curve changes with composition of the blends in a manner that may be interpreted by considering the orientation of crystals within spherulites. It has been observed that the spherulites in the blend have more diffuse boundaries as the LDPE content increases. The lattice spacing and long spacings in blends were obtained by wide-angle and small-angle x-ray scattering, respectively. The SALS technique along with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is shown to be useful for determining the crystallization behavior of a crystallizable polymer blend system.
Sympathetic cooling of trapped ions for quantum logic

T-6 (Theoretical Astrophysics), MS B288, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545~Received 27 August 1999; published 16 February 2000!One limit to the ﬁdelity of quantum logic operations on trapped ions arises from heating of the ions’collective modes of motion. Sympathetic cooling of the ions during the logic operations may eliminate thissource of errors. We discuss the beneﬁts and drawbacks of this proposal, and describe possible experimentalimplementations. We also present an overview of trapped-ion dynamics in this scheme.PACS number~s!: 03.67.2a, 32.80.PjI. INTRODUCTION
A C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain in the endothelial cell regulatory protein, pigpen: new function for an EWS family member.

Abstract The potential for encoding information in carbohydrate (CHO) structures has long been recognized. Selective CHO-binding proteins known as lectins and the biological events they mediate are well known. However, many lectins were originally discovered for biological activities other than saccharide binding, and only subsequently was it realized that one or more of their key functions were mediated by specific CHO recognition. Our previous observations suggested that the nuclear protein pigpen had an affinity for CHO structures. This would represent a new attribute for proteins of the EWS (Ewing's sarcoma) family, of which pigpen is a member. In this study we demonstrate that a CHO-binding domain resides in the C-terminus of the molecule and can be preferentially inhibited by saccharides, most notably N -acetyl- d -galactosamine (GalNAc) and the GalNAc-containing polysaccharide, chondroitin sulfate. Ligand blotting experiments were subsequently performed with fractionated, [ 3 H]galactose-labeled cells to demonstrate the presence of chondroitin sulfate-inhibitable endogenous CHO ligands for pigpen in endothelial nuclei. Finally, microinjection of polysaccharide competitor into the nucleus of cultured endothelial cells resulted in a loss of pigpen focal accumulations, suggesting that the CHO-binding activity may be instrumental in subcellular localization of the protein. In summary, our results show ligand preference and domain specificity for pigpen's CHO affinity and provide initial evidence for physiological ligands and function. They may also shed new light on the mechanisms of oncogenic transformation involving EWS proteins.
Association of the HLA-DQA1*0501 allele in multiple racial groups with juvenile dermatomyositis.

Abstract We wanted to determine if HLA-DQA1∗0501 is as strongly associated with JDMS in Hispanic and African Americans as it is in Caucasians. Using DNA sequencing and oligonucleotide typing, the DNA of 70 JDMS subjects was studied. The HLA-DQA1 allele DQA1∗0501 was present in 13 out of 15 (87%) of the African-American JDMS subjects vs 9 out of 27 (33%) of the African-American controls (p
Activation of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-ƒ]quinoline and 2-aminofluorene for bacterial mutagenesis by primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes

Abstract Primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes readily activate 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-ƒ]quinoline (IQ), a potent bacterial mutagen (Ames test) present in some cooked foods. In a co-culture system consisting of intact hepatocytes, bacteria, and IQ, the number of revertant colonies produced increased proportionately with hepatocyte density to a maximum at about 6 × 105 hepatocytes. When the density exceeded 6 × 105 hepatocytes per dish, the number of revertant colonies markedly declined. The decline was not due to bacterial death. In standard Ames tests disrupted hepatocytes prepared from similarly handled monolayer cultures or from hepatocytes just after isolation (uncultured), or rat-liver S9, were only about 1 10 th as efficient as the co-cultured intact hepatocytes (at optimum density) in activating IQ for bacterial mutagenesis. In contrast, 2-aminofluorene was poorly activated by intact hepatocytes. Disrupted hepatocytes and rat-liver S9 in standard Ames tests were much more effective than co-cultured intact hepatocytes in activating 2-aminofluorene for bacterial mutagenesis. For intact hepatocytes an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450, 2-[(2,4-dichloro-6-phenyl)-phenoxyl]ethylamine, inhibited IQ activation by 94–98%, and AF activation by 64–70%.
Coarctation of the Abdominal Aorta with Multiple Aneurysms: Operative Correction

An 11-year-old asymptomatic girl with hypertension was found to have coarctation of the abdominal aorta with four aneurysms in or adjacent to the hypoplastic segment of aorta. Operative treatment included insertion of a thoracoabdominal aortic bypass graft and resection of the aneurysms. The association of abdominal coarctation and aneurysm formation is reviewed and the rationale for therapy discussed.
Effect of an Incentive Upon Intelligence Test Performance.

Previous research has indicated that the manipulation of motivating conditions through explicit examiner's expectancy of good performance can significantly improve performance on intelligence tests. In the present study, the manipulation of incentive was used to improve performance. College women were told that the five best scorers would receive monetary rewards. The group receiving incentive-instructions scored significantly higher than the control group on the WAIS Performance Scale and on the Object Assembly subtest. No difference between the groups was obtained for the Advanced Progressive Matrices.
Visibility of a Stabilized Target as a Function of Frequency and Amplitude of Luminance Variation

A luminous bar of 4 min of arc was superimposed on an evenly illuminated 1°-of-arc circular field of 3, 30, or 300 mL, and the whole target was stabilized with respect to the retina. The bar luminance was varied sinusoidally at frequencies between 2.5 and 40 Hz, and the amplitude of variation yielded time-average contrast values between 0.06 and 6. Subjects indicated the length of time the edges of the bar stayed visible within a 20-sec viewing period. Judgments were also made at 0 Hz for each of the average contrast values. When the target is steady, visibility of the bar is a monotonically increasing function of contrast. Visibility of a target of any contrast can be enhanced to a value above the level obtained at 0 Hz, when its luminance is varied around its average contrast with frequencies between 2.5 and 15 Hz. Within this range, visibility is a decreasing function of frequency, and is found to be independent of contrast. Frequencies higher than 15 Hz are ineffective in lengthening the time during which the stabilized target stays clearly visible, and target visibility at frequencies above 15 Hz becomes once more a function of time-average contrast. At frequencies between 5 and 30 Hz, perception of flicker persists after the edges of the bar target have disappeared.
Partial purification of Drosophila glutamate decarboxylase.

— A 600-fold purification of l-glutamatc decarboxylasc from Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R Wild Type has been achieved. The purification procedures involve the initial homogenization of whole flies in dilute potassium phosphate buffer containing dithiothreitol and phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride as protectors, followed by a series of column chromatography with hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-150 and DEAE-Sephadex. The purified enzyme has an apparent Km of 11 mm for l-glutamate and requires a 40mm-K+ for maximum activity. The purified enzyme shows only 1 pH optimum around pH 7.5, while crude preparations of the inset display 2 pH optima, pH 4.8–5.2. and 7.5. The significance and possible application of this study are also discussed.
Wedge spectrometer concepts for space IR remote sensing

Wedge Imaging Spectrometer (WIS) technology promises advantages in lower size, cost, and sensor complexity but requires consideration of the effects of non-simultaneous collection of spectral information. Space applications appear particularly matched to the characteristics of this technology. Examples of WIS imagery collected by airborne acquisition systems have been used to assess the utility of WIS space imagery. Recent hardware development efforts have produced sensor components amenable to hyperspectral space applications in the Visible-Near-Infrared, Short Wavelength Infrared, Short-Mid Wavelength Infrared, and Long Wavelength Infrared bands. These components demonstrate excellent performance and provide the basis for space instrument concepts that utilize the inherent simplicity, compactness, and economy of the wedge spectrometer technology.
Bone autografting of the craniofacial skeleton: clinical and biological considerations.

Bone grafting in the craniofacial region is an important reconstructive technique and has become widely used in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. The success of bone grafting has greatly improved since the first recorded transplantation of a piece of dog skull to repair a defect in a Russian soldier’s skull by Van Meek’ren in 1682.’ The patient was excommunicated as a result of the procedure, and 2 years later Van Meek’ren removed the graft so the patient could return to his church. In 1820, Von Walther performed the first recorded human autologous bone graft.’ Interest in bone grafting was increased in 1867 by the publication of the experimental work of Ollier,3 which stressed the role of periosteum in the regeneration of bone. In 1878, Macewen4 reported a successful transplant of human bone allograft, and in 1912 he published a report of the repair of a mandibular defect with an autogenous rib graft.’ By 1923, bone grafting had become more widely used, and Albee’ published his experiences with over 3,000 bone graft operations. Since that time, many methods of bone transfer and aspects of bone grafting physiology have been studied and characterized, but still many more questions remain unanswered. Today, bone is a frequently transplanted tissue, with over 100,000 bone graft or bone implant procedures being performed each year in the United States alone.7 Autologous bone transplants are preferable to allografts (homologous bone) in their ability to be recognized as self, and thus avoid the
Investigation of Second Harmonic Heneration in Glutamic Acid-Metal Complexes

To design new second order nonlinear crystals, we have haracterized a series of dipeptide complexes and copper glutamate. We tested 16 materials using powder second harmonic generation. The best of these materials was copper glutamate. Results of initial nonlinear optical characterization of the copper glutamate powder determined by the Kurtz powder test are presented.
What a Mess! Participation as a Simple Managerial Rule to ‘Complexify’ Organizations

This paper adopts a view of organizations as complex adaptive systems and makes a case for making organizations more complex internally through the use of a fairly simple managerial rule - using participative decision making. Participation in decision making enhances connectivity in organizations, which in turn, gives the organization the opportunity to self-organize and co-evolve in more effective ways than when there is minimal connectivity (i.e., autocracy). The paper uses a specific body of research to support the arguments about why participation can benefit the practice of management in modern organizations.
One Kind of Human Being: MACOS, the Human Sciences, and Governmentality.

Contemporary reform movements have roots in post-World War II changes. Back then, social reformers in the United States targeted education as a field for the human sciences to intervene and impart a new kind of knowledge into daily life. These experts developed Man: A Course of Study (MACOS), a science-based curriculum, steeped in biological and cultural anthropology, to teach relationships by "Making Up People" to administer a new way of life. To understand how, a framework of governmentality helps investigate and explore how the underlying constructs of structures, functions, and social systems within MACOS cohered on a field of intelligibility to produce a cultural thesis of how schoolchildren should be.
Early childbearing, high school completion, and college enrollment: Evidence from 1980 high school sophomores

Abstract This paper analyzes the effect of teenage childbearing on the high school completion and college enrollment of young black and white women in the 1980s using data from the sophomore cohort of High School and Beyond. Results from binary logit models reveal that having a first birth before age 18 has a negative and significant impact on the likelihood of completing a regular high school diploma, and the magnitude of the effect is larger for white women than for black women. Having a first birth before age 18 has a positive and significant effect on the probability of completing a GED for white women but not for black women. For women of both races, the effect of early childbearing on four-year college enrollment is negative and significant. It is not only having a first birth before age 18 but early childbearing more generally that impedes young women's educational attainment.
Tree‐complete graph ramsey numbers

The ramsey number of any tree of order m and the complete graph of order n is 1 + (m − 1)(n − 1).
Test fixtures for the field assessment of small package x-ray systems for contraband detection

This paper describes the design, physical properties, and field experience with image-quality indicators or plaques that have been used for the baseline assessment of x-ray systems for the detection of contraband in small packages. Plaques have been developed and used in the baseline assessment of transmission, backscatter, and computed tomography systems.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Carnap and the compulsions of interpretation: Reining in the liberalization of empiricism

Carnap’s work was instrumental to the liberalization of empiricism in the 1930s that transformed the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle to what came to be known as logical empiricism. A central feature of this liberalization was the deployment of the Principle of Tolerance, originally introduced in logic, but now invoked in an epistemological context in “Testability and Meaning” (Carnap 1936a, 1937b). Immediately afterwards, starting with Foundations of Logic and Mathematics, Carnap (1939) embraced semantics and turned to interpretation to guide the choice of a theoretical language for science. The first thesis of this paper is that recourse to an intended interpretation led to a partial retrenchment of the conventionalism implied by the Principle of Tolerance. It required that the choice of a language be based on abstraction from a (typically empirical) context; this procedure later became a component of the process of explication that was distinctive to Carnap’s mature views. The (typically empirical) interpretive origin of formal systems also ensured their likely syntactic consistency, an issue on which Carnap was strongly criticized by figures such as Beth and Godel. The second thesis of this paper is that this reliance on an intended interpretation enabled constructed formal systems to be relevant to the development of empirical science.
Carbon isotopic analysis of individual n-alkanes: evaluation of accuracy and application to marine particulate organic material

The accuracy and precision of δ 13c analyses for individual n-alkanes determined by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) were determined. A solution of n-alkanes with known δ 13C values (ANL-1) was prepared and analyzed by GC/IRMS, and both the precision and accuracy of these measurements were within 0.5%. Silica gel gravity liquid chromatography was carried out on ANL-1 in order to determine if isotopic fractionation occurred during compound class separation. Analyses of the eluates showed that little isotopic fractionation ( 0.5 nA in this case) which do not coelute with other components, the background can be accurately subtracted using the standard software. Therefore, differences of more than 0.5% in the δ 13C values of individual n-alkanes determined by GC/IRMS appear to be significant even in the presence of background. Normal alkanes were extracted and isolated from several samples of particulate organic matter (POM) and a Recent marine sediment. Samples collected during periods of low productivity contained n-C19-n-C24n-alkanes having higher δ 13c values (0.5% or more) than those collected when productivity was high. Normal alkanes (n-C24-n-C28) isolated from sediment samples were depleted in 13C by more than 0.5% relative to POM taken during the productivity maximum. Similarly, several sediment n-alkanes (n-C24, n-C25n-C27−n-C29, and n-C31) were depleted in 13C by 1.0% or more relative to those associated with POM collected when productivity was low. Differences in the δ 13C of n-alkanes in these samples can be related to changes in the source and to degradation processes during residence in the water column and in sediments.
Brand equity: the halo effect measure

The halo effect is a systematic bias in attribute ratings resulting from raters′ tendency to rely on global affect rather than carefully discriminating among conceptually distinct and potentially independent brand attributes. Traditionally, researchers have regarded the halo effect as a source of measurement error to be avoided. Discusses how halo measurement can serve as a useful indicator of brand equity. Uses consumer rating data in three categories of commonly purchased household products to demonstrate the approach.
Mode of production: Impasse or Passé?

I was relieved to hear that Ignacy Daszyski, our famous member of parliament, a pioneer of socialism, an orator on whose lips hung the parliaments of Vienna and Warsaw, admitted that he too found Das Kapital too hard a nut. “I have not read it,” he almost boasted, “but Karl Kautsky has read it. I have not read Kautsky either, but Kelles-Krauz, our party theorist, has read him, and he summarized Kautsky’s book. I have not read Kelles-Krauz, either, but that clever Jew, Herman Diamond, our financial expert, has read Kelles-Krauz, and he has told me all about it.” I. Deutscher, 1973:257 The point missed is that dialectic is characterized by an ontology comprehensible only in a tradition that analysts and their forebears rejected long ago. Their historical memories do not serve them well enough to remind them of the struggle with that tradition. They have been completely occupied with changes within their own framework. And thus when they are presented with a position, such as the dialectic, that stems from t...
Extracellular products of type IIIStreptococcus agalactiae and their relationship to virulence

Various human isolates of type III group B streptococci (GBS) orStreptococcus agalactiae could be divided into two distinct groups (high and low producers) on the basis of their in vitro production of extracellular type-specific antigen (ETSA). The high ETSA producers were shown to be significantly more virulent in mice than were the low producers. In an effort to examine the possibility that purified extracellular products (ETSA, neuraminidase, or protease_ had a significant effect on GBS virulence in the mouse model, mice received either 1.0 ml of organisms intraperitoneally (IP) or 1.0 ml of organisms IP plus 0.1 ml IP of the appropriate purified extracellular products. Only purified ETSA demonstrated a substantial decrease (1.0 log10) in the 50% lethal dose (LD50) values and only for a high ETSA producing strain. Serum from mice infected with a high ETSA producer contained approximately 12.5 μg/ml of the ETSA, whereas serum from mice infected with a low ETSA producer contained no detectable ETSA. These data imply that the two different types of organisms (high and low ETSA producers) have somewhat different mechanisms of pathogenicity in the mouse model.