cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical recovery of thallium-203 following production and separation of lead-201

Because of the cost and limited availability of isotopically enriched thallium (>92%203Tl), its use in the203Tl(p, 3n)201Pb nuclear reaction necessitates chemical recovery. An adaptive method has been developed and evaluated. After the separation of201Pb, the203Tl(I) is oxidized to203Tl(III) by Cl2, Br2 or [Fe(CN)6]−2, precipitated as Tl(OH)3 with NaOH and subsequently converted to Tl2O3 by heating. Due to potential loss during recovery, the solubilities of Tl(OH)3 and Tl2O3 in aqueous solution as a function of pH have been studied using the internal tracer202Tl (T=12.2d), produced during cyclotron irradiation. Effective solubility product constants have been determined to be 5.4·10−48 and 2.5·10−47 for Tl(OH)3 and Tl2O3, respectively.
The nuclear reaction efficiency correction for silicon and germanium detectors

Abstract The proton total-reaction cross section of silicon has been measured to be 732 ±20mb at 28 ±1MeV. The efficiency corrections for nuclear reactions in silicon and germanium detectors for protons from 5 to 150 MeV have been calculated using the energy dependence of the proton total-reaction cross sections. These calculations are shown to be in excellent agreement with direct measurements of the efficiency of silicon detectors.
Simulating knitted cloth at the yarn level

Knitted fabric is widely used in clothing because of its unique and stretchy behavior, which is fundamentally different from the behavior of woven cloth. The properties of knits come from the nonlinear, three-dimensional kinematics of long, inter-looping yarns, and despite significant advances in cloth animation we still do not know how to simulate knitted fabric faithfully. Existing cloth simulators mainly adopt elastic-sheet mechanical models inspired by woven materials, focusing less on the model itself than on important simulation challenges such as efficiency, stability, and robustness. We define a new computational model for knits in terms of the motion of yarns, rather than the motion of a sheet. Each yarn is modeled as an inextensible, yet otherwise flexible, B-spline tube. To simulate complex knitted garments, we propose an implicit-explicit integrator, with yarn inextensibility constraints imposed using efficient projections. Friction among yarns is approximated using rigid-body velocity filters, and key yarn-yarn interactions are mediated by stiff penalty forces. Our results show that this simple model predicts the key mechanical properties of different knits, as demonstrated by qualitative comparisons to observed deformations of actual samples in the laboratory, and that the simulator can scale up to substantial animations with complex dynamic motion.
Nitric Oxide and the Depressor Response to Angiotensin Blockade in Hypertension

Abstract We investigated the contribution of nitric oxide to the short-term blood pressure reduction caused by interruption of the renin-angiotensin system in angiotensin-dependent hypertension. The blood pressure of rats made hypertensive by coarctation of the aorta between the renal arteries at their origin fell after administration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramiprilat (2 mg/kg IV; −75±5 mm Hg) or the angiotensin II antagonist losartan (30 mg/kg IV; −79±6 mm Hg). But the antihypertensive effect of these agents was attenuated in rats pretreated with N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10 mg/kg IV) to inhibit nitric oxide synthesis (ramiprilat, −23±7 mm Hg; losartan, −37±5 mm Hg). In rats made hypertensive by long-term infusion of angiotensin II (60 ng/min IV, 6 to 7 days), the vasodepressor response to discontinuation of the angiotensin II infusion also was attenuated by pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor (−52±7 versus −31±7 mm Hg); this attenuation was not demonstrable in rats receiving sodium nitroprusside (1 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 IV) to replace the loss of endogenous nitric oxide (−72±9 mm Hg). Pretreatment with N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester did not interfere with the vasodepressor effect of sodium nitroprusside or prazosin in rats with aortic coarctation–induced hypertension or with the blood pressure reduction caused by discontinuation of an infusion of phenylephrine in rats made hypertensive by long-term administration of this drug. These data suggest a contribution of nitric oxide to the blood pressure reduction caused by interruption of the renin-angiotensin system in models of established angiotensin-dependent hypertension.
Analysis and simulation of fuzzy queues

Abstract The aim of this paper is to combine the ability of fuzzy sets to represent practical situations with the well-known established traditional queuing approaches which are rigorous but the assumptions are frequently too far from reality. It is shown that this approach can utilize the advantages of both the fuzzy and probability approaches to make the model more realistic and less restrictive. Both α-cut sets and the use of random variables to represent fuzzy numbers are investigated. Trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are used and the analytical and simulation results are discussed based on actual examples.
Reduction of thermal emittance of RF guns

Abstract The transverse emittance from optimized RF photoinjectors is limited by the thermal emittance. The thermal emittance can be lowered by a factor >2 by using a semiconductor photocathode.
Molecular evolution of SRP cycle components: functional implications

Abstract Signal recognition particle (SRP) is a cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein that targets a subset of nascent presecretory proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. We have considered the SRP cycle from the perspective of molecular evolution, using recently determined sequences of genes or cDNAs encoding homologs of SRP (7SL) RNA, the Srp54 protein (Srp54p), and the alpha subunit of the SRP receptor (SR alpha) from a broad spectrum of organisms, together with the remaining five polypeptides of mammalian SRP. Our analysis provides insight into the significance of structural variation in SRP RNA and identifies novel conserved motifs in protein components of this pathway. The lack of congruence between an established phylogenetic tree and size variation in 7SL homologs implies the occurrence of several independent events that eliminated more than half the sequence content of this RNA during bacterial evolution. The apparently non-essential structures are domain I, a tRNA-like element that is constant in archaea, varies in size among eucaryotes, and is generally missing in bacteria, and domain III, a tightly base-paired hairpin that is present in all eucaryotic and archeal SRP RNAs but is invariably absent in bacteria. Based on both structural and functional considerations, we propose that the conserved core of SRP consists minimally of the 54 kDa signal sequence-binding protein complexed with the loosely base-paired domain IV helix of SRP RNA, and is also likely to contain a homolog of the Srp68 protein. Comparative sequence analysis of the methionine-rich M domains from a diverse array of Srp54p homologs reveals an extended region of amino acid identity that resembles a recently identified RNA recognition motif. Multiple sequence alignment of the G domains of Srp54p and SR alpha homologs indicates that these two polypeptides exhibit significant similarity even outside the four GTPase consensus motifs, including a block of nine contiguous amino acids in a location analogous to the binding site of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (GDS) for E. coli EF-Tu. The conservation of this sequence, in combination with the results of earlier genetic and biochemical studies of the SRP cycle, leads us to hypothesize that a component of the Srp68/72p heterodimer serves as the GDS for both Srp54p and SR alpha. Using an iterative alignment procedure, we demonstrate similarity between Srp68p and sequence motifs conserved among GDS proteins for small Ras-related GTPases. The conservation of SRP cycle components in organisms from all three major branches of the phylogenetic tree suggests that this pathway for protein export is of ancient evolutionary origin.
Social behavior and pheromonal communication in reptiles

The role of pheromones in orchestrating social behaviors in reptiles is reviewed. Although all reptile orders are examined, the vast majority of the literature has dealt only with squamates, primarily snakes and lizards. The literature is surprisingly large, but most studies have explored relatively few behaviors. The evolution of chemical signaling in reptiles is discussed along with behaviors governed by pheromones including conspecific trailing, male-male agonistic interactions, sex recognition and sex pheromones, and reptilian predator recognition. Nonreptilian prey recognition by chemical cues was not reviewed. The recent literature has focused on two model systems where extensive chemical ecology studies have been conducted: the reproductive ecology of garter snakes and the behavioral ecology of Iberian lacertid lizards. In these two systems, enough is known about the chemical constituents that mediate behaviors to explore the evolution of chemical signaling mechanisms that affect life history patterns. In addition, these models illuminate natural and sexual selection processes which have lead to complex chemical signals whose different components and concentrations provide essential information about individuals to conspecifics. Reptiles provide excellent candidates for further studies in this regard not only in squamates, but also in the orders where little experimental work has been conducted to date.
Double-Drift Beam Bunching Systems

The double-drift beam bunching system consists of two bunchers that are separated in space, independently driven but phase-locked together. The second buncher to be encountered by the beam is driven at twice the frequency of the first. This system offers an attractive alternative to conventional one- and two-frequency systems since it's bunching efficiency is about twice that for a single frequency system and about 25% larger than that for a two-frequency system in which both harmonics are imposed on the same electrode. The independence of the two bunchers provides for greater ease in the adjustment and stabilization of the rf amplitudes and phase to the accuracy of ±1% and ±0.5° that is required. A double-drift system, designed to operate at 4.5 to 14 MHz, has been installed on the ORNL EN-tandem and evaluated using 16O, 32S, 58Ni, and 63Cu ion beams. Performance was in close agreement with predictions; about 60% of the dc beam was bunched into a phase angle of 6° of the fundamental frequency. A brief discussion of the principles of operation, predicted performance and practical design considerations are given. Results of a theoretical study of the dynamic focussing effects and energy-modulation imperfections of ungridded klystron bunchers are presented as approximate formulas.
Optimality Of Randomized Trunk Reservation For A Problem With Multiple Constraints

We study the optimal admission of arriving customers to a Markovian finite-capacity queue (e.g., M/M/c/N queue) with several customer types. The system managers are paid for serving customers and penalized for rejecting them. The rewards and penalties depend on customer types. The penalties are modeled by a K-dimensional cost vector, K ≥ 1. The goal is to maximize the average rewards per unit time subject to the K constraints on the average costs per unit time. Let Km denote min{K,m − 1}, where m is the number of customer types. For a feasible problem, we show the existence of a Km-randomized trunk reservation optimal policy, where the acceptance thresholds for different customer types are ordered according to a linear combination of the service rewards and rejection costs. Additionally, we prove that any Km-randomized stationary optimal policy has this structure.
A “Both-And” Perspective Between the Society of Counseling Psychology and Ethnic Minority Psychological Associations:

This article is a response to the major contribution published in this volume regarding the history and relationship between the Society of Counseling Psychology and five ethnic minority psychological associations. Using a both-and approach, this response discusses the topics of (a) written and oral history, (b) interconnectedness and independence, and (c) micro and macro issues. It concludes with a story of five brothers to illustrate the strength of individuality and togetherness.
Give ‘Em Something to Talk about: The Influence of Female Candidates’ Campaign Issues on Political Proselytizing

Previous research has demonstrated that the presence of a woman on the ballot is linked to political proselytizing among women. Yet this type of political engagement is enhanced when certain contextual conditions are met. We hypothesize that women are more likely to proselytize when female candidates stress women's issues than when female candidates do not emphasize women's issues. Using American National Election Study (ANES) data, we find that the combined effect of candidate gender and candidate issues is positively related to proselytizing among women. However, economic issues, not women's issues, increase women's attempts to influence others' votes. Overall, the results demonstrate that female candidates and their issues provide important contextual cues to women that help in activating their political voice.
Security Implications of the Expansion of Nuclear Energy

There are several technical, institutional and geopolitical challenges facing an expanded nuclear industry in the twenty-first century. This article addresses some of the security concerns that are linked to the expansion of nuclear power in the world. Given that more and more states are going to have access to sensitive nuclear technology and material, the security concerns surrounding nuclear energy are bound to increase. However, in the absence of a satisfactory nuclear waste management solution and adequate regulatory protocols, a large-scale expansion of the civil nuclear sector will present significant security challenges. The adaptation of the fuel cycle to incorporate reprocessed spent nuclear fuel presents perhaps the most serious concern owing to the inherent relationship between reprocessing and nuclear proliferation. Of equal concern is the fact that existing international regimes are inadequate to deal with civilian nuclear-related issues in the twenty-first century.
Reflections on the Past and Utility for the Present

When I saw the missed call from my dad, I didn’t think twice about it. I was in the middle of my commute home from work on a humid Tuesday afternoon in Washington, DC, and all my troubles seemed far away back home. It was no secret that the past year had its share of highs and lows for me. On one hand, I was wrapping up a great research fellowship at the National Institute of Mental Health and was looking forward to starting the next chapter in my life, medical school. On the other, I was shocked to learn that my parents would be getting a divorce and had struggled through all the changes inherent within the process. As the metro approached my stop, I quickly tucked my phone back into my pocket and decided I would call him back later.
In Support of a Distinction between Voluntary and Stimulus-Driven Control: A Review of the Literature on Proportion Congruent Effects.

Cognitive control is by now a large umbrella term referring collectively to multiple processes that plan and coordinate actions to meet task goals. A common feature of paradigms that engage cognitive control is the task requirement to select relevant information despite a habitual tendency (or bias) to select goal-irrelevant information. At least since the 70s, researchers have employed proportion congruent manipulations to experimentally establish selection biases and evaluate the mechanisms used to control attention. Proportion congruent manipulations vary the frequency with which irrelevant information conflicts (i.e., is incongruent) with relevant information. The purpose of this review is to summarize the growing body of literature on proportion congruent effects across selective attention paradigms, beginning first with Stroop, and then describing parallel effects in flanker and task-switching paradigms. The review chronologically tracks the expansion of the proportion congruent manipulation from its initial implementation at the list-wide level, to more recent implementations at the item-specific and context-specific levels. An important theoretical aim is demonstrating that proportion congruent effects at different levels (e.g., list-wide vs. item or context-specific) support a distinction between voluntary forms of cognitive control, which operate based on anticipatory information, and relatively automatic or reflexive forms of cognitive control, which are rapidly triggered by the processing of particular stimuli or stimulus features. A further aim is to highlight those proportion congruent manipulations that allow researchers to dissociate stimulus-driven control from other stimulus-driven processes (e.g., S-R responding; episodic retrieval). We conclude by discussing the utility of proportion congruent manipulations for exploring the distinction between voluntary control and stimulus-driven control in other relevant paradigms.
Surface Derivatization of Nanocrystalline CdSe Semiconductors

CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with several different ligands were prepared by ligand exchange reactions of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO)/trioctylphosphine selenide (TOPSe) passivated QDs with an excess of new ligands, such as pyridine, 4-picoline, thiophenol, 4-(trifluoromethyl)-thiophenol, and tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate. We find that 85~90% of ligands passivating the surface of the QDs are the newly introduced capping species and 10~15% are native TOPO/TOPSe ligands, reflecting the incomplete exchange of the QD surface. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and quantitative proton NMR measurements show that on average only 30% of surface cadmium atoms are passivated by TOPO/TOPSe. Approximately 1/3 of these native ligands occupy sites too strongly bound to be replaced by ligand exchange reactions.
CMOS RF receiver system design: a systematic approach

A unified system-level design methodology for highly integrated CMOS radio frequency receiver design is introduced. This complete system-level design methodology is targeted to minimize the total power consumption of the receiver. System-level design techniques which can be used to derive the overall receiver radio specifications and study noise and linearity performance of receivers are presented. Then, a few circuit examples of building blocks in receiver signal chain are analyzed to show a linear relationship between power and dynamic range of the blocks. The result is then used to derive the optimal system specification distribution among receiver signal chain building blocks yielding the minimum total receiver power consumption for a given system performance. The theory and an actual CMOS Bluetooth receiver design are compared showing very good agreement.
Vulnerable Plaques and Patients: Improving Prediction of Future Coronary Events

Heart disease remains the leading cause of mortality in the United States despite recent reductions in the death rate. Complications of coronary artery disease and its sequelae are the most common mechanism of demise. There have been great advances in the prevention and treatment of acute myocardial infarction, and the literature is replete with articles on attempted localization of so-called vulnerable plaques and vulnerable or high-risk patients to find either that high-risk plaque or that individual before the event. Unfortunately, the search for the so-called vulnerable plaque is hampered by the lack of both natural history studies and proven local or regional therapies for these otherwise asymptomatic plaques. Although emphasis on the vulnerable or high-risk patient is appropriate, identifying these individuals in primary prevention is difficult. This article highlights insights into the pathophysiology of vulnerable plaque and presents a perspective on current treatments, improved risk stratification, and potential technologic advances that might affect future diagnosis and management.
Kinetics of mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in hepatic tissues from glucocorticoid-treated dogs

Objective—To clone segments of the canine liver alkaline phosphatase (LALP) and corticosteroidinduced alkaline phosphatase (CIALP) genes and use those clones to determine the tissue source of CIALP, the kinetics of LALP and CIALP mRNA expression for glucocorticoid-treated dogs, and the correlation between LALP and CIALP transcript concentrations and isoenzyme activities. Sample Population—Tissues obtained from 7 dogs treated with prednisone (1 mg/kg, SC, q 24 h) for up to 32 days and 1 untreated (control) dog. Procedure—Gene segments of LALP and CIALP were obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The tissue source of CIALP and IALP mRNA was determined by northern blot analysis of tissues from 1 of the glucocorticoidtreated dogs. Hepatic tissues and serum samples were obtained from the 6 remaining glucocorticoidtreated dogs on days 0, 2, 5, 10, and 32 of prednisone treatment, and relative expression of LALP and CIALP mRNA was correlated with LALP and CIALP activity. Results—A 2,246-base pair (bp) segment of canine LALP and a 1,338-bp segment of CIALP were cloned. Northern blot analysis revealed CIALP mRNA expression in hepatic tissues only after glucocorticoid treatment. Kinetics of LALP and CIALP mRNA expression in the liver of glucocorticoid-treated dogs paralleled liver and serum activities of LALP and CIALP. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The liver is the most likely source for CIALP in dogs. Analysis of kinetics of serum and hepatic LALP and CIALP mRNA suggests that after glucocorticoid treatment, both are regulated by modification of mRNA transcript concentrations, possibly through differing mechanisms. (Am J Vet Res 2002;63:1089–1095)
A new class of neural networks suitable for intelligent control

The authors deal with a class of nonlinear neural networks which are capable of forming decision regions of higher complexity than the multilayer perceptron. These nonlinear neural nets have been used in many applications, from nonlinear classification to intelligent control. They have the same feedforward topology as the multilayer perceptron, except that, in certain nodes, a nonlinear operation is performed on the inputs before the sigmoidal function is applied. In many cases, these nonlinear nets have demonstrated higher classification accuracy than comparably sized multilayer perceptrons. In addition, they require a smaller number of nodes to achieve the same accuracy as the multilayer perceptron, thereby reducing the required interconnections among processing elements in circuit implementations. The generation of an appropriate training set from the target function is also discussed. These training procedures can make additional improvements in the performance of the neural net by increasing the classification accuracy and reducing the required training time. Simulation results are presented. >
Stabilization Music Therapy Model and Process: 512 China Sichuan Earthquake Crisis Interventions, Part 1 of 2

Abstract Music and Medicine 3(2) 84-88 a The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1943862110378108 http://mmd.sagepub.com As a music therapist participating for the Sichuan 512 (May 12) earthquake crisis intervention program in China, the author worked during June 2009 at a transitional resettlement site at the earthquake zone in Sichuan, China; living at the site with the survivors and working for almost a month. The models and processes which were applied are considered pilot research descriptions and findings, which include: (1) ‘‘Community Orientation’’: mobilizing social resources for music- oriented locals, (2) ‘‘Hybrid Sub-community’’ orientation: the recovery of confidence for those showing withdrawal behavior, and (3) ‘‘Purely Small Groups’’: involving the therapist organizing survivors into 5 groups: children, teenagers, adults, seniors, and working staff. The report has been provisioned into 2 parts. In Part 1, background information on the disaster, the literature review, therapy models, and the rationale behind the therapy models and processes are covered. The therapy process and the treatment are included in Part 2. Both parts are published in the same issue of the journal.
Critical Thinking: Toward a Nursing Science Perspective

Critical thinking is an important phenomenon in nursing science because of its implications for education, practice, and the advancement of nursing knowledge. As a context-dependent, evolving life process, critical thinking appears to be congruent with assumptions and principles of SUHB. Thus, it may be asserted that critical thinking arises within the mutual process of human and environment and thus is a pattern manifestation of the human-environment field process. Before this assertion can be fully accepted, however, much investigation is needed. Nurse scholars are called upon to re-examine critical thinking and to consider possibilities that, until now, have been neglected or unimagined. To date, the positivistic view of critical thinking has yielded limited information. Nurse scientists, therefore, have an opportunity to extend and refine knowledge of critical thinking by embarking upon new and exciting avenues of discovery.
Multiphysics modeling of a micro-scale Stirling refrigeration system

A new micro-scale refrigeration system composed of arrays of silicon MEMS cooling elements that operate on the Stirling cycle has been designed. In this paper, we describe a multiphysics computational approach for analyzing the system performance that considers compressible flow and heat transfer with a large deformable mesh. The regenerator pressure drop and effectiveness are first explored to determine the optimal porosity. A value near 0.9 is found to maximize the coefficient of performance. To overcome the computational complexity brought about by the fine pillar structure in the regenerator, a porous medium model is used to allow for modeling of a full element. Parametric studies demonstrate the effect of the operating frequency on the cooling capacity and the coefficient of performance.
Revisiting Norton Long's Ecology of Games: A Network Approach:

Because the ecology of games (Long, 1958) is generally a qualitative perspective, it rarely has been applied as a means of empirically analyzing the management of community affairs. Here we pair th...
Robotic single-site excision of ovarian endometrioma

Conventional single-incision laparoscopic surgery has been successfully employed for treatment of ovarian endometriomas. However, this technique presents surgeons with formidable ergonomic challenges, that make its widespread adoption unlikely. Robotic assistance in single-incision laparoscopic surgery provides adequate instrument triangulation through a single fulcrum, while eliminating ergonomic challenges to the surgeon. The objective of this video is to describe a novel technique of laparoscopic excision and ablation of ovarian endometriomas with single-site robotic assistance. Footage from a single surgical case is shown in our video. The da Vinci Si surgical system with da Vinci Single-Site platform was utilized. A flexible CO2 laser fiber was employed as the main energy tool. To describe a technique of single-incision laparoscopic excision and ablation of endometriomas with robotic assistance. Footage from a single surgical case is shown in this video. The da Vinci Si surgical system with da Vinci Single-Site platform was utilized. A flexible CO2 laser fiber was employed as the main energy tool. Our technique achieved excellent surgical, clinical and cosmetic results, with complete excision and ablation of the endometriomas and no complications. The procedure was completed in day-surgery setting. Our step-by-step video tutorial shows how the dedicated single incision laparoscopy technology for the da Vinci Si surgical system can be safely and effectively applied to the excision and ablation of ovarian endometriomas.
Abstract 11750: Inactivation of Cardiac Foxo1 by Insulin Signaling is Required for Cardiac Function and Suppression of β-Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression

Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA and is closely associated with diabetes mellitus. The molecular link between diabetes and heart failure is incompletely understood. We recently demonstrated that insulin receptor substrate 1, 2 (IRS1, 2) are key components of insulin signaling and their dysfunction mediates insulin resistance, resulting in metabolic dysregulation and heart failure. Loss of IRS1 and IRS2 is associated with downstream Akt inactivation and in turn activation of the forkhead transcription factor Foxo1. To determine the role of Foxo1 in control of heart failure in insulin resistance and diabetes, we generated mice lacking Foxo1 gene specifically in the heart. Mice lacking both IRS1 and IRS2 in adult hearts exhibited severe heart failure and a remarkable increase in the β-isoform of myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) gene expression, while deletion of cardiac Foxo1 gene largely prevented the heart failure and resulted in a decrease in β-MHC expression. The effect of Foxo1 deficiency on rescuing cardiac dysfunction was also observed in db/db mice and high-fat diet (HFD) mice. Using cultures of primary ventricular cardiomyocytes, we found that Foxo1 interacts with the promoter region of β-MHC and stimulates gene expression, mediating an effect of insulin that suppresses β-MHC expression. Taken together, our study suggests that Foxo1 has important roles in promoting diabetic cardiomyopathy and controls β-MHC expression in development of cardiac dysfunction. Targeting Foxo1 and its regulation will provide novel strategies in preventing metabolic and myocardial dysfunction and influencing MHC plasticity in diabetes mellitus.
Total cross sections and reaction rates for 19 F(α,n) 22 Na, 22 Ne(p,n) 22 Na, and their inverses

We report total cross sections for the ${}^{19}\mathrm{F}(\ensuremath{\alpha}{,n)}^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ and ${}^{22}\mathrm{Ne}{(p,n)}^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ reactions from threshold to 3.1 and 5.4 MeV, respectively. The absolute efficiency of the $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ neutron detector was determined by Monte Carlo calculations and validated using two standard sources and two nuclear reactions. Cross sections for the inverse reactions (between ground states) have been calculated using the principle of detailed balance, and reaction rates for both the reactions and their inverses determined for temperatures between 0.01 and 10 GK $\mathrm{for}{ }^{19}\mathrm{F}(\ensuremath{\alpha}{,n)}^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ and between 0.1 and 10 GK for ${}^{22}\mathrm{Ne}{(p,n)}^{22}\mathrm{Na}.$
Adenocarcinoma of the rectum: Results of radiotherapy and resection, endocavitary irradiation, local excision, and preoperative clinical staging

The management of rectal cancer in 102 patients at the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis is reviewed. Therapy combining external irradiation, endocavitary irradiation, local excision, and excisional operation has been used in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Pretreatment evaluation for tumor fixation, ulceration, palpable presacral lymph nodes, distance of tumor from dentate line, size of tumor, and histologic grades was used to assign patients to treatment groups. Local recurrence is <2 percent, and two-year tumor-free survival is approximately 87 percent in patients receiving 2000 R or 4500 R preoperatively. Pathologic downstaging of tumors was noted more frequently with 4500 R preoperative irradiation. Endocavitary irradiation appears adequate to treat only favorable lesions. Only tumor fixation and histologic grade of the tumor notably affected survival. A logical plan for choosing the appropriate method of treatment using combined modalities is proposed.
Biochemical characterization of the antimicrobial histone released by deoxyribonuclease and lactic acid.

SummaryBoth DNase and lactic acid are able to liberate histories with antimicrobial activity from an inactive deoxyribonucleohistone complex. The type of histone was shown in both cases to be of a lysine-rich variety by amino acid analyses and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since both DNase and lactic acid would be expected to be present in an inflammatory foci, the significance of this model is emphasized.
Development and Application of Compact SR Ring

Present status of the development and applications of the compact SR rings in Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. is summarized. We have been developing the compact SR rings, called NIJI series, dedicated to several applications such as x-ray lithography and photon-induced CVD processes. NIJI-II is a normal conducting ring with straight sections for insertion devices: An Onuki-type polarizing undulator is installed in one of the straight sections at present. NIJI-III, which is the superconducting ring, can provide a wide-exposure area of 50×50 mm2 by using a beam-wobbling method. The compact SR rings are useful for the research on SR applications because of their simple operation.
Dynamics of host-parasite interactions : the Drosophila-Howardula system

Several species of mycophagous Drosophila in eastern North America are parasitized by the nematode Howardula aoronymphium. The flies become infected as larvae when feeding in mushrooms. The nematodes, which are obligate parasites that reproduce only within adult flies, colonize mushrooms when they are expelled by the adult flies. Parasitized female flies suffer greatly reduced fertility. Thus, in order to understand the population dynamics of these host-parasite interactions, one must ask what governs levels of parasitism among adult flies in natural populations. Here we examine how processes occurring at or within individual mushrooms affect rates of parasitism in adult Drosophila. At normal intensities of parasitism, these nematodes do not reduce pre-adult survival of their hosts. Field cage experiments revealed that level of infection in emergent flies increases with the ratio of adult flies to mushrooms in a habitat. Thus, high population densities of Drosophila tend to bring on high rates of parasitism. This could contribute to seasonal variation in prevalence of parasitism observed in this and other insect-nematode systems and provide a mechanism by which nematodes can regulate insect populations below levels set by their resources. The field cage experiment also revealed that the numbers of worms per fly were randomly distributed among flies emerging from individual mushrooms, but that the mean intensity of parasitism varied among mushrooms. This suggests a simple mechanism for the generation of aggregated distributions of worms among hosts at the population level.
IWSHM 2015: Probabilistic fatigue damage prognosis using surrogate models trained via three-dimensional finite element analysis

Utilizing inverse uncertainty quantification techniques, structural health monitoring (SHM) can be integrated with damage progression models to form a probabilistic prediction of a structure’s rema...
The Test–Retest Reliability of the Visually Evoked Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) in Children and Adults

ABSTRACTEstablishing the reliability of event-related potentials is critical for future applications to biomarker development and clinical research. Few studies have examined the reliability of the contingent negative variation (CNV), and only in adults. The current study explored test–retest reliability of the visually evoked CNV and its embedded components, the O-wave and the E-wave, in children (7–13 years) and young adults (19–28 years) during a visual Go/No-Go task over 1–2 weeks. Test–retest reliability of the components was moderate for children, and low-to-moderate for adults. These findings were in contrast to previous work with adults showing moderate-to-high reliability of the auditory-evoked CNV.
Monitoring for intrusion behaviors with a small UAV

In this paper we present behavior recognition algorithms using images captured by a small UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). Small UAVs provide a mobile platform capable of monitoring a large area, but each UAV has a limited field of view, resulting in very brief observations of targets of interest as UAVs fly over them. Standard behavior recognition algorithms are designed for CCTV networks, where cameras have a fixed view of the target area. To apply these algorithms to imagery from small UAVs, we first geo-locate targets based on their image coordinates and correspondences between geo-located landmarks and landmarks in each video frame. We then apply behavior recognition algorithms that are suited to very short observation periods. We test these algorithms in a simulation environment incorporating realistic target motion and validate the entire approach on imagery captured by a small UAV. These experiments illustrate that automatic behavior recognition has merit even during brief fly-overs, typical of a small UAV on surveillance patrol.
Characterization of Human Motion Through Floor Vibration

With the new Signature Engineering Building at Virginia Tech over 250 accelerometers and other sensors (temperature, wind, etc.) are being installed to capture building data in real-time. This program allows the study of myriad topics associated with building design and operation from infancy through the useful life of the structure. Topics include structural health monitoring, building occupancy patterns for improving sustainable development, and studies on floor vibrations and human motion, among many other topics. This paper presents initial information on corridor instrumentation, including pilot data taken from four accelerometers mounted in the fourth floor corridor. Accelerometer data was collected for the case from someone walking and then running down the corridor. Initial observations are presented from the pilot data to demonstrate the type and form of data that can be obtained from this setup. The results from this study demonstrate consistency with foot impact trends seen in literature, and confirm the feasibility of the system to be used in future studies.
What Happens at the Polling Place: Using Administrative Data to Look Inside Elections

Tremendous attention has been paid to local election administration since the 2000 presidential election meltdown, yet policy makers still lack basic information about what happens at the polling place. One strategy to understand the interactions between citizens and street-level election bureaucrats is to turn to administrative data. Using logs collected by polling place workers, the authors analyze more than 66,000 individual incidents recorded from four different statewide elections. Such data provide novel insights and guidance for the administration of elections. Findings indicate that task scale (in terms of the number of ballots) and complexity (in terms of absentee ballots) increase the incident rate. Managerial choices about how polling places are run also matter: the use of electronic voting machines and central count processing of ballots reduce the incident rate, while splitting poll worker shifts increases it. Operator capacity, measured in terms of experience, also reduces the number of incidents.
Preliminary findings of cultural health beliefs and practices that shape health literacy and cancer screening behaviors in four populations

B30 BACKGROUND: Too often, people with the greatest health burdens have limited access to health information and limited ability to process that information. Cancer mortality in immigrant and refugee groups as well as in low income and ethnic minority populations in the United States may be related to such limitations. SIGNIFICANCE: Health literacy is increasingly recognized as an important factor in willingness to undergo cancer screenings. While much research has been done on patient literacy and readability of forms such as informed consent and patient education materials, less work has been done that places health literacy in the broader context of socioeconomic and cultural differences between patients and providers that hinder communication and compliance. In an NCI-funded four-year, mixed method project, The Impact of Culture on Health Literacy and Chronic Illness Outcomes, we are exploring cultural factors associated with health literacy and health-seeking behaviors. METHODS: We will present preliminary data gathered from a baseline survey conducted with clinic patients from the four ethnic groups that comprise our study sample (White, African American, Latino/Puerto Rican, Vietnamese). These data will identify the health beliefs that shape health literacy and corollary behaviors (e.g. health-seeking behavior, adherence to physician recommendations). This preliminary data comes from study participants who are being treated at an inner city community health center whose mission is to provide health care access to low income and immigrant populations. FINDINGS: Variation in health literacy across ethnic/cultural groups will be discussed, and preliminary findings concerning the association between health literacy and knowledge, beliefs and attitudes toward cancer screenings will also be presented. Special attention will be given to barriers to care related to cultural differences and socioeconomic status. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: A further aim of the project is to develop recommendations for primary health care providers on chronic disease management and cancer screening for ethnically diverse patients with limited health literacy. To this end, we will present a preliminary list of recommendations for providers that is intended to facilitate patient-provider communication, maximize patient adherence, and, ultimately, to improve patient utilization of cancer screening.
Effect of H2O Vapor on the Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of CO2 in a Solid Amine Sorbent

The effect of H2O vapor on the adsorption and desorption of CO2 and vice versa, both on a commercially viable solid amine sorbent (SAS), were studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer at constant temperature. The SAS was prepared by physically immobilizing PEI (Mn 423) in a porous silica (CARiACT G10). Studies were carried out at two concentrations of CO2 (2 vol % in N2 and 100 vol %), one concentration of H2O vapor (2 vol %), and four temperatures (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C). The results revealed three separate and identifiable mechanisms or processes taking place on the SAS, i.e., the individual adsorption of CO2 or H2O and the coadsorption of H2O and CO2. The individual adsorption of either CO2 or H2O was noncompetitive or completely independent of each other thermodynamically for both concentrations of CO2 and all four temperatures. In addition, the individual adsorption of CO2 was fully reversible, while the individual adsorption of H2O was only partially reversible. The coadsorption of CO2 and H2O was...
PRACTICAL CONTROL OF SALMONELLAE1,2

Salmonellae occur in practically all raw feeds and foods of animal origin; consequently the key word to their control is sanitation. The twentieth century has brought with it profound changes in animal husbandry practices, large-scale production of foods, packaging innovations, mass storage, transportation, and retailing patterns. As a consequence of these developments, substantial segments of the consuming public can be placed at risk within a short period of time. Surveillance of animals, their feeds, and other raw materials to assure that Salmonella contamination is minimized is of paramount importance. Pest control, ingredient specifications, handling requirements, improved personal hygiene practices, proper clothing, and prevention of foods to access by workmen who are ill or have cuts, sores, or boils are of equal importance to the maintenance of quality. Other requisites for holding salmonellae in check are the elimination of dust, debris, and refuse from the plant; proper cleaning of equipment and...
Financial planning curriculum for teens: Impact evaluation

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of a high school financial planning curriculum on the financial knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy of 4,107 teens nationally. Statistically significant changes were found in financial knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy both immediately after studying the curriculum and three months after completing the curriculum. About half the teens had gains in knowledge, a third had gains in behavior, and 40% increased their confidence in managing their money.
Intestinal microbiome in scleroderma: recent progress.

Purpose of reviewOur evolving understanding of how gut microbiota affects immune function and homeostasis has led many investigators to explore the potentially pathologic role of gut microbiota in autoimmune diseases. This review will discuss the rapidly advancing field of microbiome research in sys
Treatment of Hailey-Hailey Disease With Low-Dose Naltrexone.

Importance Hailey-Hailey disease is a severe genetic blistering disease of intertriginous skin locations that can lead to poor quality of life and increased morbidities. Multiple therapies are available with inconsistent outcomes and potentially severe adverse effects. Objective To determine whether low-dose naltrexone is an effective treatment for Hailey-Hailey disease. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was a case series performed at a dermatology outpatient clinic of 3 patients with severe Hailey-Hailey disease recalcitrant to at least 4 therapies. Interventions Low-dose naltrexone, 3 mg nightly, titrated to 4.5 mg nightly in 2 patients. Main Outcomes and Measures Reduction in size of lesions as well as subjective improvement of symptoms. Results All 3 patients noted significant healing of erosions and plaques starting from the peripheral aspect within 1 to 2 weeks of treatment, and clinical resolution of lesions within 2 months. Discontinuation of low-dose naltrexone resulted in flaring of symptoms, which cleared within 2 to 3 days on rechallenge with low-dose naltrexone. Conclusions and Relevance We present herein 3 cases of patients with severe Hailey-Hailey disease treated with low-dose naltrexone who achieved clinical resolution of symptoms. The success of these cases suggests low-dose naltrexone as a novel therapy for Hailey-Hailey disease. The possible mechanism may involve low-dose naltrexone influencing opioid or toll-like receptor signaling to improve calcium mobilization and improve keratinocyte differentiation and wound healing. Future studies are needed to clarify the mechanism and to define the role of low-dose naltrexone for treatment of Hailey-Hailey disease.
OFDM high speed train communication systems in 5G cellular networks

A reliable high-speed wireless communication is essential for high speed trains (HSTs) in upcoming 5G communication cellular networks. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely used for wideband communication standards because of its efficiency and its robustness to multipath propagations and it is a good candidate for 5G communication systems as well. However, the expected high carrier frequency of 5G, along with the high speed of HSTs, causes high Doppler shifts that results in sever inter carrier interferences (ICIs) in OFDM systems. To mitigate the ICI, the channel state information (CSI) is needed at the receiver. In this paper, the earlier proposed method for HST channel estimation in conventional communication standards is enhanced to become applicable for 5G communication systems. In the enhanced method, an accurate estimate of the Doppler shift is applied to calculate the channel tap gains. Besides that, by exploiting the estimated CSI, an adaptive channel coding scheme is proposed which employs different coding rates based on the power of the subcarriers. Simulation results indicate that our proposed channel estimation procedure estimates the CSI accurately and that CSI can enhance the fidelity of the data reconstruction considerably when it is utilized by the proposed adaptive coding scheme.