cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Information security training: what will you communicate?

When West Virginia University decided to initiate Information Security training, the big question was "what topics should be included?" The selection of content was quickly recognized as an important step and proved to be vital to the program's success. The content had to address the key risks in an easily understandable format. The goal was to build awareness of information security issues, threats, and vulnerabilities while communicating roles and responsibilities for protecting information resources and establishing best practices by instilling security-conscious behavior. Since this was an initial effort, the content needed to reach the lowest common denominator of the audience while not compromising any industry standards. The available staff and resources played a big part in our initial decision. Selecting the right content from a myriad of public resources or using a commercially available product may drive your implementation time. However, do commercially available products meet your need? In the interest of flexibility, customization, and phased implementation, West Virginia University chose to develop our own content. That decision has proven to be successful. With that in mind, let's explore how you can develop your own training content for a successful information security training program that becomes a key component for driving the cultural changes required to integrate security standards and practices into daily habits and sustain long-term organizational benefits.
Inclusion of sevoflurane in cardioplegia reduces neutrophil activity during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sevoflurane cardioplegia on neutrophil response and complement activation after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Design: A prospective, randomized clinical investigation. Setting: University-affiliated hospital; single institutional. Participants: Twenty-one male patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery using CPB. Interventions: Eleven patients were randomly assigned to receive sevoflurane 2% as a part of the cardioplegic mixture (SEV). The control group (n = 10) received no sevoflurane in their cardioplegia (control). Measurements and Main Results: Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) was assayed in coronary sinus blood as a surrogate for neutrophilic response at the termination of CPB. MPO activity in the coronary sinus blood was lower in the patients who received sevoflurane compared with controls. MPO activity was higher in patients with cardiac events at 4-year follow-up when compared with asymptomatic patients. IL-8, C4b, C3d, C5a, and CH50 were assessed in coronary sinus and peripheral blood at time of CPB initiation (T0) and upon the termination of CPB (T2). Peripheral blood sampling occurred at the sixth hour after T0 (T6). IL-8 levels were significantly inhibited in the SEV group when compared with controls at T2 and T6. CH50 (an index of global activation of complement system) decreased 30% at T2 and 52% at T6. The classic component of the complement pathway (C4b) was effectively inhibited in the SEV group, whereas the common pathway (C3d and C5a) was similar in both groups. Conclusions: The addition of sevoflurane to cardioplegia is associated with an inhibition of neutrophils after CPB. A major component of the neutrophil response appears to be IL-8 mediated, although the classic complement pathway is also inhibited by sevoflurane.
An evaluation of the morphogenic and anatomic effects of the functional regulator utilizing the counterpart analysis

The ‘counterpart’ procedure is an ‘anatomic’ means for determining morphologic and morphogenic conditions and relationships within an individual. Conventional cephalometric planes are not utilized, and population standards are irrelevant. Using lateral headfilms, this procedure analyses goodness-of-fit among regional anatomic parts in order to identify the composite of conditions that underlie facial form and pattern in a given person. The objective of the present study is to determine and evaluate the nature of morphogenic responses of some of these regional relationships in conjunction with treatment by the Frankel appliance. A sample of 96 Class II division 1 patients receiving functional regulator treatment, and a matchέd control group of untreated Class II individuals, were analysed. The findings revealed the nature of certain anatomic relationships the aggregate of which had mandibular protrusive results in a majority of the treated individuals. The findings also show that prediction of treatment outcome may be possible through consideration of different Class II craniofacial morphologic types. Of the types studied, based on different combinations of the regional morphologic variables comprising the counterpart analysis, correspondingly different growth changes related to treatment were observed.
Preference-driven personalized recommendation by k-comparative annotation and reasoning

Good eating habits are important for maintaining a healthy life and preventing the lifestyle-related disease epidemic. Researches about menu recommendation or diet planning are thus attracting much attention recently. A key factor toward a successful diet planning is an individual's food preference instead of dogmatic nutrition pattern since it is unlikely that an individual would accept the meal plan merely based on the nutrition supplements. However, the extraction of personal preference is definitely not a trivial matter. In this paper, we present the k-comparative annotation and reasoning technique for semi-automatically extracting users' preferences in a more efficient and effective manner. Comparing to conventional methods, the proposed system can not only reveal users' opinions about foods more fairly but also save lots of food annotation efforts during the training data collection stage. The resulted system is thus expected to improve users' diet habit and compliance with healthier lifestyle.
Stochastic Subset Optimization for reliability optimization and sensitivity analysis in system design

Design problems that involve the system reliability as the objective function are discussed. In order to appropriately address the challenges of such applications when complex system models are involved, stochastic simulation is selected to evaluate the probability of failure. An innovative algorithm, called Stochastic Subset Optimization (SSO), is discussed for performing the reliability optimization as well as an efficient sensitivity analysis. The basic principle in SSO is the formulation of an augmented problem where the design variables are artificially considered as uncertain. Stochastic simulation techniques are implemented in order to simulate samples of these variables that lead to system failure. The information that these samples provide is then exploited in an iterative approach in SSO to identify a smaller subset of the design space that consists of near-optimal design variables and also that has high plausibility of containing the optimal design. At the same time, a sensitivity analysis for the influence of both the design variables and the uncertain model parameters is established.
Anomalous F-center distribution in alkali halides irradiated with 1.5-MeV protons to high fluences☆

Abstract Crystals of KCl and KI irradiated to fluences of the order of 1016 protons/cm2 exhibit an anomalous dip in F-center profile near the end of the proton penetration depth. This effect is shown to arise from the destruction of F centers by hydrogen capture, forming U centers in a distribution whose peak coincides with the proton range.
Effect of alpha tocopheryl succinate on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity in murine B-16 melanoma cells in culture.

Abstract d-Alpha tocopheryl succinate (vitamin E succinate), which inhibited growth and survival, and induced differentiation in murine B-16 melanoma cells in culture, increased adenosine 3′,5′cyclic monophosphate-(cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PK) activity without increasing the cellular cAMP level. Prostaglandin (PG)A2, which produced changes in melanoma cells similar to those produced by vitamin E succinate, also increased cAMP-dependent PK activity without changing the intracellular level of cAMP.
Ergodic and quasideterministic properties of finite-dimensional stochastic systems

The ergodic and stability properties of certain stochastic models are studied. Each model is described by a finite-dimensional stochastic processxλ(t) satisfyingdxλ=ℱλ(xλ,t)dt+ λdz(t), where ℱλ represents a “secular force” andz(t) is a stochastic process with given statistical properties. Such a model may represent a reduced description of an infinite-particle system. Thenxλ(t) may be either a set of macrovariables fluctuating about thermal equilibrium or the macrostate of a system maintained through pumping in a nonequilibrium state. Two Markovian models for whichz(t) is Wiener and ℱλ(y, t) = G(λ,y(t)) for someG nonlinear iny(t) are shown to possess a unique stationary probability density which is approached by any other density ast → ∞. For one of these models, which is of Hamiltonian type, the stationary state is given by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. A particular form of non-Markovian model is also proved to have the above mixing property with respect to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Finally, the behavior of the sample paths ofxλ(t) for small values of the parameter A is investigated. In the case whenz(t) is Wiener and ℱλ(y, t) = G(y(t), it is shown thatxλ(t) will remain close to the deterministic trajectoryx0(t) (corresponding to λ = 0) for allt ⩾= 0 if and only ifx0(t) is highly stable with respect to small perturbations of the initial conditions.
Utility of cell salvage in women undergoing abdominal myomectomy

Objective We examined the use and cost of autologous blood cell salvage in women who undergo abdominal myomectomy. Study Design Patients who underwent abdominal myomectomy from 2007-2011 were identified. Use of the cell salvage system and reinfusion of autologous blood in women who had the system set-up were analyzed. Cost was examined by directly reported data. Results We identified 607 patients who underwent abdominal myomectomy. Four hundred twenty-five women (70%) had the set-up of the cell salvage system. Cell-salvaged blood was processed and reinfused into 85 of these subjects (20%). In a multivariable model, performance of myomectomy by a gynecologic-specific surgeon (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–3.59), >5 myomas (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.27–4.89), and larger uterine size statistically were associated significantly with cell-salvage device set-up. Conversely, having a reproductive-endocrinology-infertility specialist as the surgeon was associated with a significant reduction in cell-salvage system set-up (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.21–0.66). For the women who had cell-salvage system set-up, uterine size of >15-19 weeks of gestation (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.56–8.95) or ≥20 weeks of gestation (OR, 4.62; 95% CI, 1.45–14.73), operating time of >120 minutes (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 1.70–9.29), and intraoperative blood loss of >1000 mL (OR, 26.31; 95% CI, 10.49–65.99) were associated significantly with a higher incidence of reinfusion of cell-salvaged blood. Conclusion The routine use of cell salvage in women who undergo abdominal myomectomy does not appear to be warranted. Cell-salvage set-up appears to be cost-effective only when reinfused, but clinical characteristics cannot predict accurately which women will require reinfusion of cell-salvaged blood.
Modeling radiative ignition of fabrics in air

A model is presented to predict the radiative ignition time of a ventically oriented fabric in the presence of air. Both exothermic and endothermic reactions are included in the pyrolysis process. Sample calculations predicted ignition times which are comparable to measured ignition times found in the literature. Using this model a sensitivity analysis was carried out and its results suggest the ranking of the various thermophysical and kinetic parameters in order of their relative influence on the predicted ignition time. Activation energy ranked highest and overall order of reaction ranked lowest.
Cerebral dominance assessed by object- and color-naming latencies: sex and familial sinistrality effects.

Abstract Two vocal RT experiments were conducted. The first required the naming of five lateralized drawings of common objects; the second of five hues of equal brightness and saturation. Tachistoscopic exposure time was 100 msec. Both tasks yielded faster RT to stimuli channeled directly to the left hemisphere, demonstrating that the left hemisphere superiority for naming letters or digits obtained in previous tachistoscopic studies was not dependent on the use of alphanumeric stimuli. Interesting sex differences in object-naming and familial sinistrality differences in color-naming were obtained. Compared with other behavioral tasks for assessing language laterality, color-naming seems highly recommended in terms of freedom from spatial-confounding, good percentage agreement with clinical estimates of the frequency of left hemisphere language dominance in right handers, and sensitivity to familial sinistrality influences.
Developing a Theory of Missions in Serampore

This paper explores the evolution of the mission theory of William Carey and his compatriots over the course of their careers and reevaluates the lasting impact that these changes had upon Protestant missions to India in the nineteenth century. During their first two decades in Serampore, Carey, Ward, and Marshman reevaluated and modified their understanding of what they considered to be the best "means for the conversion of the heathens." This article follows the development from Carey's early emphasis upon evangelism and translation work to the increasing emphasis that the trio placed upon education during the first decades of the nineteenth century. Struck by the realization that European efforts at preaching and translating were insufficient to accomplish the mammoth task of converting all of India to Christ, Carey and company turned to education as the best hope for the long-term success of their mission. An examination of efforts made by William Ward to elicit financial support for these new educational undertakings, however, reveals the difficulty they faced in trying to convince supporters in England and America to rethink their approach to missions. Despite recent revisionist critiques of the significance of the Serampore mission for missions theory, this paper concludes that the development of a broader understanding of"means" in Serampore laid an important foundation for all other missions to India that followed.
Performance issues in integrating temporality-based caching with prefetching

Abstract This work evaluates the performance effectiveness of combining two techniques for improving cache hit rate and reducing memory traffic in small on-chip direct-mapped caches. Temporality-based caching is an efficient technique for reducing unnecessary cache block conflicts in direct-mapped caches, but does not address compulsory misses. Tagged prefetching is a known technique for controlling compulsory misses, but has the potential for introducing high block interference, cache pollution and increased memory traffic in small direct-mapped caches. We propose and evaluate a group of caching strategies that integrate various combinations of temporality-based caching and tagged prefetching. Some combinations show both a remarkable improvement in hit rate and a substantial reduction in memory traffic.
Understanding the relationship between knowledge and African Americans’ donation decision-making

Abstract Objective To explore the association between different types of knowledge related to donation and transplantation and the expression of donation intentions via one's driver's license, a donor card, or sharing one's wishes with family. Methods Cross-sectional data were gathered via self-administered questionnaire from 425 Black adults, age 18 years and older who were recruited from nine churches in a large metropolitan area in the southeast United States. Results Results indicate that knowledge of the allocation system and experiential knowledge of a transplant recipient are associated with donation intentions after controlling for age, gender, and highest level of education. However, the following types of knowledge were unrelated to donation intentions: donation-related statistics (including an understanding of African Americans’ overrepresentation among those in need), the donation process, the process for determining medical suitability, and religious institutions’ support for donation. Conclusions Findings suggest that the relationship between donation-related knowledge and donation intentions is complex and may depend on the specific type of knowledge being measured. Practice implications Knowledge of the allocation system and experiential knowledge of a recipient may be critical aspects of the donation decision-making process. Research findings suggest the need for an educational approach that seeks to improve the specific types of knowledge that are most strongly associated with donation intentions.
Exploring the depths of immersion pulmonary edema.

since first described by Wilmshurst et al. ([6][1]) in 1981, immersion pulmonary edema (IPE) has been of more than merely a casual interest to divers and surface swimmers. The condition and its consequences are of particular concern in military diving communities, where IPE imposes not only
The Braided Quantum Two-Sphere

In a recent paper the quantum two-sphere was described as a quantum complex manifold. Here we consider several copies of and derive their braiding commutation relations. The braiding is extended to the differential and to the integral calculus on the spheres. A quantum analog of the classical anharmonic ratio of four points on the sphere is given, which is invariant under the co-action of SUq(2).
Antiepileptic Drugs Do Not Affect 5-HT1A Receptor Binding Measured by Positron Emission Topography

Objective To study the effect of antiepileptic drugs on 5-HT 1A receptor binding in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Background 5-HT 1A receptor binding is reduced in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Animal models show serotonergic effects of antipepileptic drugs including carbamazepine and lamotrigine. Methods We studied 31 patients and 10 normal controls. Patients with structural lesions, progressive neurological disorders, or taking other medications were excluded. None had a seizure for at least two days before PET. [ 18 F]FCWAY PET was performed on a GE Advance scanner with continuous EEG monitoring. Functional images of the distribution volume ( V ) were generated. Anatomic regions of interest were applied to coregistered PET images, after correction for partial volume effect. Results Patients had significantly higher [ 18 F]FCWAY free fraction ( f 1 ) than controls. 5HT1A receptor binding was reduced in temporal lobe epileptic foci after partial volume correction. There were no AED effects on interictal [ 18 F]FCWAY binding after correction for plasma free fraction. [ 18 F]FCWAY V / f 1 reduction in epileptic foci was not affected by AEDs. Conclusions Antiepileptic drugs do not appear to have significant effects on 5HT1A receptor binding. Plasma free fractions should be measured when PET receptor studies are performed in patients with epilepsy.
Effect of cross proximity on progeny fitness in a rare and a common species of Eupatorium (Asteraceae).

Offspring from matings between near neighbors may exhibit lower fitness relative to offspring from more distant matings due to spatial structuring of populations resulting from limited dispersal of pollen and seed. This response, which can be interpreted as inbreeding depression, is studied in the rare species, Eupatorium resinosum,and a closely related congener, E. perfoliatum, through the use of hand pollinations representing three distance classes (near-within a population, far-within a population, and between populations) and an assay of the offspring in an experimental plot. Early traits such as seed mass and first-year stem length were not significantly affected by the cross type, although they were affected by maternal parentage. Size and reproduction in the second field season increased with increased pollen donor distance from the maternal plant. Cross type was significant for many traits in the second field season, indicating inbreeding depression in crosses of neighbors (for E. resinosum) and hybrid vigor between populations (both species). This suggests that the rare species, E. resinosum, had a more spatially structured population than E. perfoliatum. The implications of these results for conservation of rare species indicate that protection of habitats sufficient for large populations is necessary to maintain genetic diversity since each population likely consists of many smaller subpopulations. Empirical studies have found that populations are commonly spatially structured, such that neighboring individuals are more closely related due to limited pollen flow
Balanced computing with nanophotonic interconnects

Amdahlpsilas law suggests that a system with balanced computation and communications perform the best under most circumstance-a 10 Teraflop chip would require an interconnect bandwidth of 100 Tb/s. We discuss low power and high productivity computing enabled by nanophotonic interconnects on chip.
Variability In Sedimentological and Ichnological Signatures Across A River-Dominated Delta Deposit: Peay Sandstone Member (Cenomanian) of the Northern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A

Abstract Incorporation of ichnological (trace fossil) data into facies models for deltaic systems and their deposits has yielded useful new criteria for discriminating between alternative interpretations. Nevertheless, despite the recognition that trace-fossil suites may vary spatially across an individual delta system, few spatially resolved datasets are currently available to inform these interpretations. We present a new sedimentological and ichnological analysis of the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Peay Sandstone Member of the Frontier Formation in the northern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A., based on three-dimensional mapping of surface exposures and subsurface drilling data. Both down-depositional-dip and across-depositional-strike trends can be determined and quantified prima facie from this dataset. The Peay Sandstone Member is a crudely coarsening-upward sandstone body that has an elongate planform shape, projecting southeastward into the basin. Based on a facies analysis, the vertical facies succession in the core of the body represents, from base to top, deposits of prodelta (stratified siltstone), distal delta front (thinly interbedded siltstone and sandstone), through medial–proximal delta front (thickly interbedded siltstone and sandstone to bioturbated fine-grained sandstone), to mouth bar (amalgamated, largely unbioturbated, fine- to medium-grained sandstone) environments. This complete progradational succession persists for at least 40 km in the depositional dip direction, thinning and fining abruptly over a few kilometers south of the town of Greybull, Wyoming. Transects from the delta axial core to the peripheral flanks reveal changes in facies reflecting a transition from a high-energy, river-dominated mouth-bar environment to a tide- and wave-influenced medial–proximal delta flank, and ultimately, to a low-energy, storm- and wave-influenced distal delta flank setting on the peripheries of the delta lobe. The trace assemblage in the axial core is interpreted as a highly stressed expression of the Skolithos Ichnofacies. This passes gradationally down depositional dip into stressed expressions of the Cruziana Ichnofacies, and along depositional strike into an archetypal (unstressed) expression of the Cruziana Ichnofacies on the delta flanks. This spatial variation in bioturbation intensities and trace-fossil assemblages is interpreted to reflect dissipation of physico-chemical stresses from the axial core to peripheral flanks. The outcomes of this study emphasize the point that data acquired on an ancient deltaic deposit in isolation of their paleogeographic context may give rise to a misleading impression of that system, and potentially a less than parsimonious interpretation of its process balance and planform geometry.
RF MEMS Behavior, Surface Roughness and Asperity Contact

Modeling predictions and experimental measurements were obtained to characterize the electro-mechanical response of radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical (MEM) switches due to variations in surface roughness and finite asperity deformations. A Weierstrass-Mandelbrot fractal representation was used to generate three-dimensional surface roughness profiles. Contact asperity deformations due to applied contact pressures, were then obtained by a creep constitutive formulation. The contact pressure is derived from the interrelated effects of roughness characteristics, material hardening and softening, temperature increases due to Joule heating, and contact forces. The numerical predictions were qualitatively consistent with the experimental measurements and observations of how contact resistance evolves as a function of deformation time history. This study provides a framework that is based on an integrated modeling and experimental measurements, which can be used in design of reliable RF MEMS devices with extended life cycles.
Activation of lymphocyte signaling by the R1 protein of Rhesus monkey rhadinovirus.

Rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) is a gamma-2 herpesvirus that exhibits a considerable degree of similarity to the human Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The R1 protein of RRV is distantly related to the K1 protein of KSHV, and R1, like K1, can contribute to cell growth transformation. In this study we analyzed the ability of the cytoplasmic tail of R1 to function as a signal transducer. The cytoplasmic domain of the R1 protein contains several tyrosine residues whose phosphorylation is induced in cells expressing Syk kinase. Expression of a CD8 chimera protein containing the extracellular and transmembrane domains of CD8 fused to the cytoplasmic domain of R1 mobilized intracellular calcium and induced cellular tyrosine phosphorylation in B cells upon stimulation with anti-CD8 antibody. None of the CD8-R1 cytoplasmic deletion mutants tested were able to mobilize intracellular calcium or to induce tyrosine phosphorylation to a significant extent upon addition of anti-CD8 antibody. Expression of wild-type R1 protein activated nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes (NFAT) eightfold in B cells in the absence of antibody stimulation; expression of the CD8-R1C chimera strongly induced NFAT activity (60-fold) but only upon the addition of anti-CD8 antibody. We conclude that the cytoplasmic domain of R1 is capable of transducing signals that elicit B-lymphocyte activation events. The signal-inducing properties of R1 appear to be similar to those of K1 but differ in that the required sequences are distributed over a much longer stretch of the cytoplasmic domain (>150 amino acids). In addition, the induction of calcium mobilization was considerably longer in duration and stronger with R1 than with K1.
A Set of Axioms for Logic

One of the preeminent problems confronting logicians is that of constructing a system of logic which will be adequate for mathematics. By a system's being adequate for mathematics, we mean that all mathematical theorems in general use can be deduced within the system. Several distinct logical systems, all having this end in view, have been proposed. Among these perhaps the best known are the systems referred to as “Principia Mathematica” and “set theory.” In both of these systems (we refer to the revised and simplified versions) there is a nucleus of propositions which can be derived by using only the axioms and rules of the restricted predicate calculus. However, if anything like adequacy for mathematics is to be expected, additional primitives and axioms must be added to the restricted predicate calculus. It is in their treatment of the additional primitive e, denoting class or set membership, that the above-mentioned systems differ. In addition to these two, a third and a stronger system has been proposed by W. V. Quine in his paper New foundations for mathematical logic . It is with this system of Quine's that our work is concerned and of which we now give a brief description.
The Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine: Discovery to Licensure and Beyond

Twenty-five years passed between the discovery of the parent strain (WC3) of the pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (PRV) in 1981 and the licensure of PRV in 2006. This orally administered liquid vaccine, which is given as a 3-dose series, is indicated for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis, caused by the G serotypes contained in the vaccine, in infants and children. PRV is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the American Academy of Pediatrics for administration to all infants in the United States. These recommendations are supported by the results of the phase III studies, which demonstrated that PRV is well tolerated and efficacious. PRV reduced rotavirus-related hospitalizations by 96% and was not associated with an increased incidence of serious adverse events, including intussusception. This report focuses on the safety and efficacy data from the late-phase studies of PRV and discusses plans for providing this vaccine to the developing world.
Computational Experience with a Safeguarded Barrier Algorithm for Sparse Nonlinear Programming

We describe an enhanced version of the primal-dual interior point algorithm in Lasdon, Plummer, and Yu (ORSA Journal on Computing, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 321–332, 1995), designed to improve convergence with minimal loss of efficiency, and designed to solve large sparse nonlinear problems which may not be convex. New features include (a) a backtracking linesearch using an L1 exact penalty function, (b) ensuring that search directions are downhill for this function by increasing Lagrangian Hessian diagonal elements when necessary, (c) a quasi-Newton option, where the Lagrangian Hessian is replaced by a positive definite approximation (d) inexact solution of each barrier subproblem, in order to approach the central trajectory as the barrier parameter approaches zero, and (e) solution of the symmetric indefinite linear Newton equations using a multifrontal sparse Gaussian elimination procedure, as implemented in the MA47 subroutine from the Harwell Library (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Report RAL-95-001, Oxfordshire, UK, Jan. 1995). Second derivatives of all problem functions are required when the true Hessian option is used. A Fortran implementation is briefly described. Computational results are presented for 34 smaller models coded in Fortran, where first and second derivatives are approximated by differencing, and for 89 larger GAMS models, where analytic first derivatives are available and finite differencing is used for second partials. The GAMS results are, to our knowledge, the first to show the performance of this promising class of algorithms on large sparse NLP's. For both small and large problems, both true Hessian and quasi- Newton options are quite reliable and converge rapidly. Using the true Hessian, INTOPT is as reliable as MINOS on the GAMS models, although not as reliable as CONOPT. Computation times are considerably longer than for the other 2 solvers. However, interior point methods should be considerably faster than they are here when analytic second derivatives are available, and algorithmic improvements and problem preprocessing should further narrow the gap.
Reversible uncal herniation in a neonate with a large MCA infarct

Uncal herniation due to a large cerebral infarct is well-described in adults, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. This phenomenon, however, has not been previously reported in neonates. We present a newborn male delivered via cesarean section with difficult extraction who presented with frequent seizures. He was found to have an acute left MCA territory infarct secondary to an M1 occlusion detected on MRI/MRA. He became lethargic and developed a left uncal herniation on CT at 72h of life. He was treated medically with osmolar agents and hemodynamic support, and had resolution of the herniation on CT at 120h of life. At 19 months he had residual moderate right hemiparesis with only mild gait disturbance and mild speech delay. As seen in this case, uncal herniation, though rare, may occur in neonates. Also, the outcome for this neonate was much better than for typical adults with a similar disease course.
A room of your own: what would it take to help remote groups work as well as collocated groups?

Remotely located teams have difficulty and today’s groupware is not totally successful in helping them. To inform our design of titure groupware, we investigated the work habits of teams that have nearly the ideal: they work in dedicated project rooms. We conducted field work that included interviews and observations of teams in 9 U.S. companies who had dedicated project rooms and a 6 week study of one site. We found that the team members reported clear advantages of being collocated: increased learning, motivation, and coordination. Future groupware for remote groups must at least support large, persistent, shared visual displays, awareness of team members’ activities, and various signals to others about the importance of the work.
Server based control flocking for aerial-systems

Flocking is a term that describes the behavior of a group of birds (a flock) in flight, or the swarming behavior of insects. This paper presents detailed information about how to use the flocking techniques to control a group of embedded controlled systems “Boids” such as ground systems (robotic vehicles/ swarm robots) in 2D and/or aerial systems (quadrotors) in 3D. Each one of these systems moves inside/outside of a building collectively to reach a target. This paper presents flocking behavior implemented on a server based control, which will process each of the boids properties e.g. position, speed & target. Subsequently the server will assign the appropriatee move to a specific boid. The calculated information will be used locally to control and direct the movements/flocking for each boid in the group. A simulation technique and detailed flow chart is presented. In addition to the famous Reynolds' Rules for flocking two other rules are presented; one for targeting and another for avoiding obstacles. The targeting rule was implemented to ensure that the flock moves collectively towards a common target; it was implemented by creating a target velocity parameter. The avoiding obstacles rule was implemented to ensure that the flock doesnt collide with obstacles that they could be in the path; it was implemented by creating an avoiding velocity parameter.
Faceted Browsing over Large Databases of Text-Annotated Objects

We demonstrate a fully working system for multifaceted browsing over large collections of text-annotated data, such as annotated images, that are stored in relational databases. Typically, such databases can be browsed across multiple facets (by topic, genre, location, and so on) and previous user studies showed that multifaceted interfaces improve substantially the ability of users to identify items of interest in the database. We demonstrate a scalable system that automatically generates multifaceted browsing hierarchies on top of a relational database that stores the underlying text-annotated objects. Our system supports a wide range of ranking alternatives for selecting and displaying the best facets and the best portions of the generated hierarchies, to facilitate browsing. We combine our ranking schemes with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP), an advanced visualization technique, which further enhances the browsing experience and demonstrate how to use prefetching techniques to overcome the latency issues that are inherent when browsing the contents of a relational database using multifaceted interfaces.
Advances in Supportive Care for Late Effects of Head and Neck Cancer

As the population of head and neck cancer survivors increases, it has become increasingly important for health care providers to understand and manage late complications of therapy. Functional deficits can be categorized as general health deficits resulting in frailty or debility, head and neck-specific functional deficits such as swallowing and speech, and musculoskeletal impairment as a result of tumor and treatment. Of critical importance is the growing data indicating that swallow therapy and physical therapy may prevent or ameliorate long-term functional deficits. Oral health complications of head and neck therapy may manifest months or years after the completion of treatment. Patients with hyposalivation are at high risk for dental caries and thus require aggressive oral hygiene regimens and routine dental surveillance. Swallowing abnormalities, xerostomia, and poor dentition may result in dietary adaptations that may cause nutritional deficiencies. Identification and management of maladaptive dietary strategies are important for long-term health. Follow-up with primary care physicians for management of comorbidities such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia may help to limit late vascular complications caused by radiation therapy. Herein, we review late effects of head and neck cancer therapy, highlighting recent advances.
Regulation of DNA damage recognition and nucleotide excision repair: Another role for p53

In response to DNA damage, the p53 tumor suppressor gene product is activated leading to the induction of several downstream cellular processes including cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair or apoptosis. Experiments first performed in the Hanawalt laboratory identified a p53-dependent pathway affecting global genomic nucleotide excision repair. The mechanisms involved in this process include both transcriptional and post-translational regulation by p53 of the DDB2 and XPC gene products, two critical DNA damage recognition proteins required for GGR. A historical review of this work is presented.
Pasts and Futures of Injustice

Those who face long-standing conditions of disadvantage must, in many cases, envision radically new futures if they are to overcome deep presumptions associated with their mistreatment, both by others and among their own members. For American Indian and other Aboriginal populations, for example, James Youngblood Henderson argues that it is necessary to “dream the seemingly impossible”. Yet there are reasons for caution about taking these visions as literal guides to political action. There are at least two kinds of problems. First, such visions, even if they would help future generations live the most fulfilling lives possible if realized, may make it more difficult to pursue strategic political action where social orders remain fundamentally at odds with this vision in the present. Second, conditions of long-standing injustice often make it difficult to determine precisely what justice and a flourishing human life entails, so that attempts to envision successful futures for generations still to come are likely to misfire in their substance as well. In these circumstances, the paper argues, it will generally make the most sense for Aboriginal peoples and others to treat visions of the future as self-consciously uncertain and protean tools for thinking, which are expected to need deep reinterpretation as political life moves forward.
Subcutaneous liraglutide reduces weight and improves metabolic control in obese participants.

Commentary on: Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, et al., SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes NN8022-1839 Study Group. A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management. N Engl J Med 2015;373:11–22[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]. Obesity is a major health problem of the 21st century and has been one of the primary contributors to the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A 5–10% loss of total body weight can reduce risk of T2DM onset.1 However, it is challenging to achieve and maintain weight loss that is sufficient for sustained metabolic benefits. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that was initially developed for treatment of hyperglycaemia in patients with T2DM. It was also noted to have non-glycaemic benefits such as weight loss2 and … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DN%2BEngl%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D373%26rft.spage%253D11%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1411892%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26132939%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa1411892&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=26132939&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F20%2F6%2F203.atom
XIX.—Note on Professor Whittaker's Atomic Model

In the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh for 1921–22 Whittaker suggests an atomic model designed to absorb and emit radiation by quanta. This model consists essentially of a system of radial magnets, set as the spokes of a wheel with like poles (say south) at the centre. The electron approaching the wheel along the axis of symmetry will, according to the author, set the wheel into rotation, giving a “magnetic current.” The action of the approaching charge, giving a rotation to the North Pole and a “magnetic current,” is quite the analogue to the North Pole approaching a non-axial electric charge, setting it into rotation, and producing an “electric current.” The electron, with energy exceeding a definite value, succeeds in going through the atom, with the result that a definite amount of energy is permanently transferred from the electron to the atomic wheel, a result which resembles the absorption of electronic energy by the atom in spectrum excitation.
Comparative Performance of Diagnosis-based and Prescription-based Comorbidity Scores to Predict Health-related Quality of Life.

Objectives To compare the performance of the health-related quality of life-comorbidity index (HRQoL-CI) with the diagnosis-based Charlson, Elixhauser, and combined comorbidity scores and the prescription-based chronic disease score (CDS) in predicting HRQoL in Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality priority conditions (asthma, breast cancer, diabetes, and heart failure). Methods The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2005 and 2007-2011) data was used for this retrospective study. Four disease-specific cohorts were developed that included adult patients (age 18 y and above) with the particular disease condition. The outcome HRQoL [physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS)] was measured using the Short Form Health Survey, Version 2 (SF-12v2). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted with the PCS and MCS as dependent variables. Comorbidity scores were compared using adjusted R. Results Of 140,046 adult participants, the study cohort included 7436 asthma (5.3%), 1054 breast cancer (0.8%), 13,829 diabetes (9.9%), and 937 heart failure (0.7%) patients. Among individual scores, HRQoL-CI was best at predicting PCS and MCS. Adding prescription-based comorbidity scores to HRQoL-CI in the same model improved prediction of PCS and MCS. HRQoL-CI+CDS performed the best in predicting PCS (adjusted R): asthma (43.7%), breast cancer (31.7%), diabetes (32.7%), and heart failure (20.0%). HRQoL-CI+CDS and Elixhauser+CDS had superior and comparable performance in predicting MCS (adjusted R): asthma (HRQoL-CI+CDS=20.1%; Elixhauser+CDS=19.6%), breast cancer (HRQoL-CI+CDS=12.9%; Elixhauser+CDS=14.1%), diabetes (HRQoL-CI+CDS=17.7%; Elixhauser+CDS=17.7%), and heart failure (HRQoL-CI+CDS=18.1%; Elixhauser+CDS=17.7%). Conclusions HRQoL-CI performed best in predicting HRQoL. Combining prescription-based scores to diagnosis-based scores improved the prediction of HRQoL.
Statistics of the Density of States in Random Media

We have found the continuous density of states for microwave radiation localized in quasi-one-dimensional samples and studied the statistics of the density of states for three sample lengths.
Trophic polymorphism in the pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus Linnaeus) : effects of environment on ontogeny

The effects of diet on morphology of the feeding apparatus were explored in the pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus Linnaeus. Adult pumpkinseeds feed primarily on gastropod molluscs that they crush between their pharyngeal jaws. Development of the muscles and bones of the pharyngeal jaws was contrasted in two Michigan (USA) lakes that differed both in snail density and in the numbers of snails in pumpkinseed diets. In least squares regressions of muscle masses, bone masses and bone shape variables on body mass, all structures examined showed isometry or positive allometry, with those structures most directly involved in snail crushing tending to scale with positive allometry. Of nine pharyngeal jaw muscles that were examined, analyses of covariance found six to be significantly larger in fish from snail-rich Three Lakes. The primary crushing muscle, the levator posterior, was more than twice as massive in Three Lakes fish than it was in fish from snail-poor Wintergreen lake. All three of the pharyngeal jaw bones used to exert crushing forces on snails were found to be significantly larger and of different shape in fish from Three Lakes. The masses of one muscle and two bones that do not function in prey crushing showed no differences between lakes. Teeth on the crushing surfaces of the jaw bones were worn down, and thus, shorter :tPresent address: P. C. Wainwright, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA. in Three Lakes fish. Ontogenetic variation in growth rates of two muscles, the levator posterior and the retractor dorsalis, occurred in fish from Three Lakes. These muscles exhibited strong positive allometry between 40 and 80mm standard length (SL), the size range over which fish diets shift from soft-bodied invertebrates to snails, but growth slowed to strong negative allometry in fish larger than 80 mm. These differences between lakes in muscle and bone growth appear to be a direct consequence of the physical regime created by repeatedly crushing snails during ontogeny. This plasticity indicates that transformations in the feeding mechanism may originate as specific responses to the demands of novel diets. Key-words: Allometry, Lepomis gibbosus, ontogeny, phenotypic plasticity
Association between transient interface fluid on intraoperative OCT and textural interface opacity after DSAEK surgery in the PIONEER study.

Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine the association between transient interface fluid (TIF) and textural interface opacity (TIO) after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) surgery using intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) in the PIONEER (Prospective I