cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of core sampling and pupal traps for monitoring immature stable flies and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in beef feedlot pens.

Core samples and cylindrical pupal traps were used to monitor immature stages of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), and house fly, Musca domestica L., from 5 sample areas in beef feedlot pens: the feed apron-soil interface, the back fence, the side (pen dividing) fence, the mound, and the general lot. One feedlot was sampled during 1986, two feedlots were sampled in 1987, and three samples were taken at random from each sample area on each sample date. Core samples showed that both populations were highest from the feed apron sample area. Pupal traps tended to show the same result but differences between sample areas were not significant for immature stable flies. Both sampling methods generally indicated similar population trends of the 2 fly species over the season; correlation coefficients between the 2 sampling methods were generally significant but few correlations were strong and large divergences between population trends were present. Only ≈69% of the total number of pupal traps placed were recovered; the loss of traps could have contributed to differences between the 2 sampling methods. Core sampling would be preferred if lower variance of samples is important; if collecting pupae of known age is important, then pupal traps may be useful if they are protected from trampling by cattle.
Evaluation of a Discontinuous Galerkin Implementation of RANS and Spalart Allmaras Turbulence Model

This paper presents the results of an initial evaluation of an implementation of the Spalart Allmaras (SA) turbulence model within the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) solver XDG developed by Galbraith. The model is applied to three 2D test cases of increasing complexity: a zero-pressure gradient flat plate, a bump in a channel flow, and a backward facing step. Solutions are demonstrated on both single block and overset configurations utilizing second, third, and fourth order accurate schemes. The results show good agreement with those published in the NASA Langley Research Center’s Turbulence Modeling Resource database for the SA model utilizing standard finite volume solution techniques. Stability of the method was observed to be significantly dependent upon the grid spacing within the boundary layer, particularly in regions of high gradients in eddy viscosity.
The dynamics of hemolysin formation in intact and splenectomized rabbits.

The rise and fall of hemolysins have been studied in intact and splenectomized rabbits following, a single standardized intravenous injection of sheep red cells. We selected hemolysin production for investigation because antibody activity can be rapidly and quantitatively determined by photometric methods at frequent intervals in the same animal. A comparison of the serum antibody curves in intact and splenectomized animals indicates strongly that the spleen in intact animals usually forms a large part of the antibody which accumulates to give the initial peak serum titer, and then abruptly ceases to form antibody. After the peak titer, therefore, spleen-produced antibody in the serum decays at a rate approximately characteristic of the half life of antibody until the titer reaches the approximate level characteristic of nonsplenic sources. Nonsplenic sources maintain a low level of serum antibody over long periods. This work has been briefly reported by us (1950a and b). Burnet and Fenner (1949) have critically reviewed the literature on the rise and fall of antibodies after various types of immunization. We know of no work on hemolysins in rabbits which has utilized the accuracy of the 50*^) photometric titration and which was
Experience with 81, 1-Stage Hypospadias/Chordee Repairs with Free Graft Urethroplasties

We performed 81, 1-stage hypospadias/chordee repairs with preputial free graft urethroplasty between January 1981 and July 1988 using a modified Horton-Devine technique. Of the free grafts 37 were fashioned as patches, 42 as tubes, and 4 as a combination patch and tube. Of the patients 58 (72%) underwent single or multiple dorsal plications, in addition to the usual procedures, to correct chordee completely. A total of 35 patients (43%) required a second procedure: 28 (34%) for persistent fistula and 7 (9%) for stricture. These reoperations were typically minor outpatient procedures. All patients had an excellent functional and cosmetic outcome. Although the need for reoperation unfortunately is high, we believe the use of free grafts allows for a better functional and cosmetic outcome because the secondary torsion and bulkiness of the penile shaft caused by the vascular pedicle are eliminated. This is especially noticeable in patients with a small penis.
Hostility and telomere shortening among U.S. military veterans: results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study

Chronic disorders of aging are critical concerns for the U.S. veteran population, which is, on average, two decades older than the non-veteran population. Characterization of risk factors that may accelerate biological aging is important in identifying targets for prevention and intervention. In the current study, we analyzed data from a contemporary, and nationally representative sample of U.S. veterans to evaluate the relationship between a broad range of sociodemographic, military, and clinical variables, and peripheral telomere length, which is an indicator of biological age and linked to risk for aging-related disorders and mortality. Data from 468U.S. military veterans who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study were analyzed. Telomere length was assessed from cells isolated from saliva using quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relations between hostility and telomere length, while controlling for sociodemographic, military, and clinical variables. Greater scores on a measure of hostility were independently associated with telomere shortening, even after adjustment for a broad range of other variables (odds ratio [OR]=1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.15-2.18). Secondary analyses revealed that this association was driven by difficulties controlling anger (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.14-2.61), which reflect the external manifestation of hostility, rather than aggressive urges or impulses. Hostility, particularly difficulties controlling anger, is associated with peripheral telomere shortening in U.S. military veterans. Prevention and treatment efforts designed to reduce hostility may help mitigate risk for accelerated cellular aging in this growing segment of the U.S.
A novel frequency domain SSN method for analysis of high speed circuits

In this paper, a novel method on SSN (Simultaneous Switching Noise) analysis has been proposed for high-speed PCB/package system. The method firstly models system layout via full wave EM method, then simulate SSN in time domain. Not only has it high accuracy and efficiency, but also it can fast guide engineers to attach the optimal value of decoupling capacitors on package/board/system according to resonant frequency points. Besides, the method can directly accept transistor model not only IBIS (Input/output Buffer Information Specification), so the accuracy is also higher than some tools which can only accept IBIS models. At last, through the analysis of practical package structure, it is shown that the method has high accuracy compared with the simulation results of speed2k in time domain.
syn-Diastereoselective glycolate aldol addition reactions of an N(3)-(p-methoxyphenoxy)acetyloxazolidine-2-thione

Abstract An N3-(p-methoxyphenoxy)acetyloxazolidine-2-thione has been synthesized and employed in glycolate asymmetric aldol addition reactions with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. It was determined that the titanium tetrachloride medicated aldol reaction afforded diastereoselectivities that ranged from 75:25 to 94:6 when the reaction was conducted at −78 °C. The absolute stereochemistry of the aldol adducts was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The 1H NMR spectra of the aldol adducts contained a signal (the α-proton of the glycolate position of the aldol side chain) that was highly deshielded due to conformational restriction about the N(3)-(p-methoxyphenoxy)acetyl side chain and the oxazolidine-2-thione auxiliary.
Some Theoretical Background

The chapter contains some philosophical and theoretical background of the presented approach which includes biology-inspired General Systems Theory, System Dynamics with computer simulated multi-loop network models, Brain Waves and Consciousness phenomena, Gestalt Psychology grasping the whole first with parts having sense only in the context of the whole, Memetics similar to genetics but in information and social areas, also currently dominant interoperability principles of organization of civil and especially military systems and the necessity and urgency of higher organizational levels like Over-operability coined by the author.
Inhibition of the Sympathetic Nervous System

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a fundamental component of the pathophysiology of heart failure, especially heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). Prolonged SNS activation contributes to several of the clinical sequelae of HFREF, such as loss of contractile reserve, ventricular remodeling, and sudden cardiac death. Over the last 30 years, extensive clinical research has shown that inhibition of the SNS in patients with heart failure improves outcomes including mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, progression of symptoms, and sudden cardiac death. The cornerstone therapy for inhibiting the SNS is administration of drugs that act as antagonists of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-blockers). A robust body of evidence shows that β-blockers reduce symptoms and improve outcomes in all patients with HFREF. Non-pharmacologic therapies that also have been found to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure, such as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and exercise training, mediate their beneficial effects via inhibition of the SNS. Here, we review the literature that supports the use of these pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies and offer practical advice regarding their application in clinical care.
Suitability of PCR primers for characterizing invertebrate communities from soil and leaf litter targeting metazoan 18S ribosomal or cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes.

Abstract Sequencing of environmental DNA (eDNA) for community analysis (i.e., eDNA metabarcoding) is already well established and applied in molecular microbial ecology. However, molecular methods for use in soil animal studies require further development before high-throughput sequencing can be considered a reliable technique in community ecology. To aid in this effort, we compare primers that target two frequently used genetic markers, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) and ribosomal 18S genes, to determine their utility in broad soil animal eDNA studies. DNA was analyzed from individually identified invertebrates to test the efficiency of the primer sets in successfully targeting animal DNA and identification through sequencing. Primers were also tested for amplification of faunal genes from forest soil and leaf litter eDNA. Targeting the 18S gene resulted in the most successful amplification and correct identification of a wide range of individual invertebrate taxa, and was the most reliable primer set for use in eDNA analysis of invertebrate communities spanning several phyla. In contrast, the selected COI primers were inefficient in identifying a wide range of invertebrates, and amplified mostly bacterial sequences from eDNA.
Ozone sensitivity of selected southeastern landscape plants

Abstract Twenty-six species and/or cultivars commonly used in landscapes of the southeastern United States were exposed to three ozone (O3) levels for 3-week periods during spring and summer 1994. Thirteen species or cultivars exhibited visible foliar injury at the highest rate, 2.5× ambient, and two cultivars exhibited foliar injury with ambient O3 concentrations. The most sensitive were two cultivars of buddleia or butterfly bush (Buddleia davidii Franch. ‘Black Knight’ and ‘Royal Red’), with visible injury under ambient and 2.5× ambient O3 levels, and ‘White Star’ zinnia (Zinnia angustifolia HBK ‘White Star’) with visible injury observed under 2.5× ambient O3 levels. Seven other cultivars of buddleia and three cultivars of red maple (Acer rubrum L. ‘Autumn Flame’, ‘October Glory’, and ‘Franksred’ (Red SunsetTM)) exhibited minor foliar injury under 2.5× ambient O3 levels. Visible injury was not present on flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L. ‘Stokes Pink’), hollies (Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Green Luster’, I...
Robert W. Kates’ Reader:: A New Map of Sustainability Science and Technology

KATES, Robert W., ed. 2010. Readings in Sustainability Science and Technology. CID Working Paper No. 213. Center for International Development, Harvard University. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, December 2010.
Effect of Transplanting and Paclobutrazol on Root Growth of ‘Green Column’ Black Maple and ‘Summit’ Green Ash

Abstract ‘Summit’ green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Summit’) and ‘Green Column’ black maples (Acer nigrum ‘Green Column’) were transplanted and treated with paclobutrazol (PBZ) to study its effect on root growth after transplanting. PBZ increased root extension growth of transplanted ‘Green Column’ maples in the first year after treatment, prior to the onset of above-ground growth regulation. Root growth of transplanted ‘Summit’ ash was not affected by PBZ. Transplanting reduced extension growth of regenerated roots in the first year for ‘Green Column’ maples with no effect on root dry weight. In ‘Summit’ green ash transplanting increased root extension growth in the second year, and root dry weight in both years.
Microelectronic test structures for feature placement and electrical linewidth metrology

This paper presents a critical review of electrical test methods for determining feature placement with total measurement uncertainties below 10 nm and electrical linewidth for sub-half-micrometer design linewidths with measurement precision below 1 nm. Control of feature placement and control of linewidth have been and are expected to continue to be two of the most important challenges required in the manufacturing of advanced microelectronic devices. Traditional methods of measuring these parameters suffer from both measurement speed and equipment expense. Microelectronic test structures are electrical devices that are used to determine selected tool, process, device, material, or circuit parameters by means of electrical tests. They are supported by a variety of commercial test equipment often found in semiconductor manufacturing facilities. They provide low-cost, post-patterning metrology for determining both feature placement and electrical linewidth. Properly characterized test structures and measurement methods provide an economic means of determining the critical parameters needed to develop, control, and operate the next generation of patterning tools.
Aspirin Monotherapy Should Not Be Recommended for Cardioprotection in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease.

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), regardless of disease stage, are at a marked increased risk for systemic cardiovascular events. Therefore, cardiovascular risk reduction is central to the management of these patients. Treatment of hypertension, use of statins, and strategies for smoking cessation are all well-established, evidence-based interventions in the patient with PAD. In contrast, the rationale for use of antiplatelet agents has been more controversial. The 2016 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guideline for management of the patient with PAD indicates, “Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin alone (range, 75–325 mg per day) or clopidogrel alone (75 mg per day) is recommended to reduce MI [myocardial infarction], stroke and vascular death in patients with symptomatic PAD.”1 Per the guideline, this class I recommendation (strong) was supported by level A evidence (high quality from more than 1 randomized controlled trial or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials). The primary evidence supporting the recommendation was the work of the Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration (ATC).2 The ATC found a 22% reduction in vascular events associated with antiplatelet therapy compared with …
Time-dependent Vth shift of silicon on thin BOX under large back bias

This paper report that the time-dependent Vth shift of transistor with Silicon on thin BOX (SOTB) can happen under large back bias. It is caused by slow inversion at BOX/Substrate interface. We show the guideline to consider this phenomena for device structure design and back bias application.
Willingness to participate in HIV research at the end of life (EOL)

Author(s): Prakash, Katya; Gianella, Sara; Dube, Karine; Taylor, Jeff; Lee, GaYoung; Smith, Davey M | Abstract: IntroductionAnimal models have been vital for scientific discovery but have limitations, especially in infectious disease research. It is essential to develop a means to study these diseases in human models. We hypothesized that altruistic people would willingly participate in research near the end-of-life (EOL), for the benefit of science and to provide one last gift to society.MethodologyTwo surveys were administered to 377 self-reported HIV-negative and 96 HIV-positive individuals. Hypothetical questions assessed their willingness to participate in altruistic research in the last 6 months of life, which might result in a shortened lifespan or physical discomforts. The self-reported HIV-negative group was also asked about willingness to be exposed to infectious pathogens for the sake of research.ResultsAlmost all responders expressed willingness to participate in research at the EOL, regardless of HIV-status. The majority of participants were willing to endure physical discomfort for the sake of research. 'Blood draws' was identified as the most tolerable physical discomfort (g70% in both groups). In both groups, g60% were willing to shorten their lifespans for the sake of research. A third of the self-reported HIV-negative group expressed willingness to be exposed to at least one infectious agent to participate in EOL research.ConclusionsOur exploratory study demonstrates that people would welcome the opportunity to participate in altruistic research near the EOL. Such research could greatly impact the way infectious disease research is conducted. This study is limited however by its hypothetical nature. Further research is necessary to confirm this interest in those with terminal illness before any further clinical research effort at the EOL can be performed.
Experiences with discrete optimized control algorithms applied to solid state processes

Abstract An evaporator tool which serves for the deposition of thin films on solid state materials is being monitored and controlled by the process computer IBM 1800. Two plants - a thermal and a resistance source plant - are being described explicitly because they are controlled by computer determined deadbeat and parameter optimized controllers. These algorithms are tied closely to the model parameters of the controlled systems. Least Squares estimations have been utilized to attain reliable model parameters. Results are being reported about the dynamic behaviour of the control loops using optimized controllers. Some consequences are summed up at the end of the paper.
Bile leak after transjugular liver biopsy in a cholecystectomy patient.

Abstract Introduction Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) is a minimally invasive procedure performed to obtain hepatic tissue in patients whom standard percutaneous liver biopsy is contraindicated due to abnormal coagulation profile and/or severe ascites. Additionally, it has the advantage of simultaneously measuring the hepatic venous pressures. Case Presentation 61-year-old male with history of pulmonary fibrosis, cholecystectomy and Hepatitis C underwent transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) as part of his lung transplant workup. Shortly after the procedure, the patient developed sharp right upper abdominal pain. Immediate CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed small foci of contrast and gas in the gallbladder fossa and porta hepatis indicating hepatic capsular penetration without perihepatic hematoma or other evidence of hemorrhage. Follow up CT of the abdomen and HIDA scan confirmed the presence of bile leak. Sphincterotomy and stent placement through ERCP was performed. Conclusion Bile leak after a TJLB is a rare, however, potential complication. ERCP and biliary stent seems an effective treatment for persistent symptomatic bile leak post TJLB.
Beyond Science: Effect of Marital Status and Socioeconomic Index on Outcomes of Spinal Cord Tumors: Analysis From a National Cancer Registry.

Background The effect of marital status and living arrangements on health through modified health behaviors and social networks has been well-established in reported studies, with many experts claiming a “protective” effect from married life for individuals. We sought to study the effect of marital and socioeconomic status (SES) on the outcomes of patients with spinal cord tumors. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program was queried for patients with spinal cord tumors from 2004 to 2014. Patients were separated into 4 groups according to their marital status: single/never married, married/living together, divorced/separated, and widowed. SES was calculated using a validated method. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between marital status and SES and the mortality rate of patients with available follow-up information. Results Of the 1188 patients identified (683 women [57.5%] and 505 men [42.5%]), 241 (20.3%) were in the single group, 732 (61.6%) in the married/living together, 109 (9.2%) in the divorced/separated, and 106 (8.9%) in the widowed group. Compared with married patients, divorced/separated and widowed patients had a greater mortality rate (hazard ratio [HR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–2.9; P = 0.02; HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.3–3.1; P = 0.001, respectively). Male sex compared with female was associated with lower survival (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.03–1.9; P = 0.03). Patients with greater SES had a lower mortality rate (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.55–1.08; P = 0.143). Conclusion Unmarried and widowed status, lower SES, and male sex resulted in a greater risk of mortality. These factors should be considered when tailoring the treatment plan for such patients.
Doctoral Interns' Perceptions of Preparedness to Work with Victims and Survivors of Sexual Assault at University Counseling Centers.

Counselors at university counseling centers (UCCs) should be prepared to provide services to sexual assault victims and survivors, as an estimated 23% of females and 5% of males are assaulted durin...
Finite-Stage Models

This chapter discusses a variety of finite-stage sequential-decision models, illustrating the wide range of applications of stochastic dynamic programming. The chapter discusses a situation where an individual is presented with n offers in sequential order. After looking at an offer, the individual must decide whether to accept it or to reject it. Once rejected, an offer is lost. If it is supposed that the only information the individual has at any time is the relative rank of the present offer compared with previous ones, the objective is to maximize the probability of selecting the best offer when all n ! orderings of the offers are assumed to be equally likely. In some problems, a policy consists of a sequence of decisions that is fixed at time zero. In such problems, a valuable technique is to consider an arbitrary sequence and then to see what happens when two adjacent decisions are interchanged. The chapter illustrates the interchange argument in sequencing with examples.
VMM3a, an ASIC for tracking detectors

The VMM3a is a System on Chip (SoC) custom Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)1. It is the production version which will be used as the front ASIC for both Micromegas and sTGC detectors of the ATLAS Muon New Small Wheels upgrade at CERN. Due to its highly configurable parameters it has been proposed for several tracking detectors and other experiments. It is fabricated in the 130 nm Global Foundries 8RF-DM process. The ASIC integrates 64 channels, each providing charge amplification, discrimination, neighbour logic, amplitude and timing measurements, analog-to-digital conversions, and either direct output for trigger or multiplexed readout within a data-driven readout system. The front-end amplifier can operate with a wide range of input capacitances, has adjustable polarity, gain and peaking time. The ASIC has been tested on resistive Micromegas and sTGC prototypes in test beam campaigns at CERN.
Rates of diagnostic genetic testing in a tertiary ocular genetics clinic.

Clinical genetics has evolved significantly to become an efficient and effective means of diagnosing disease. Genetic treatments are now being developed which are showing promising results. However...
Performance trade-offs for single- and dual-objective light-sheet microscope designs

Light-sheet microscopy (LSM) has emerged as a powerful tool for high-speed volumetric imaging of live model organisms and large optically cleared specimens. When designing cleared-tissue LSM systems with certain desired imaging specifications (e.g. resolution, contrast, and working distance), various design parameters must be taken into consideration. In order to elucidate some of the key design trade-offs for LSM systems, we present a diffraction- based analysis of single- and dual-objective LSM configurations where Gaussian illumination is utilized. Specifically, we analyze the effects of the illumination and collection numerical aperture (NA), as well as their crossing angle, on spatial resolution and contrast. Assuming an open-top light-sheet (OTLS) architecture, we constrain these parameters based on fundamental geometric considerations as well as those imposed by currently available microscope objectives. In addition to revealing the performance tradeoffs of various single- and dual-objective LSM configurations, our analysis showcases the potential advantages of a novel, non-orthogonal dual-objective (NODO) architecture, especially for moderate-resolution imaging applications (collection NA of 0.5 to 0.8).
Gendered morality in the sex toy market: Entitlements, reversals, and the irony of heterosexuality:

This article characterizes norms of sexual morality in the sex toy market, revealing a core contradiction in the morality of gendered heterosexuality. Taking a novel approach to the study of the se...
Does Surgical Specialty Impact Mandibular Fracture Outcomes

Purpose Maxillofacial trauma is treated by two medical specialties, plastic surgery (PRS) and otolaryngology (ENT). Differences in training exposure and practice patterns exist between specialties, but their respective outcomes have never been compared. Methods Mandible fracture data were reviewed from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2005 to 2016. Demographics variables, repair types, and adverse outcomes were compared between PRS and ENT. Results From 2005 to 2016, one thousand two hundred eighty-two cases were identified with 756 cases managed by ENT and 526 cases managed by PRS. Mean patient age was 34.6 years for both specialties (P = 0.95). Patient demographics between both cohorts were not statistically different except for higher rates of hypertension among ENT patients (10.2% for ENT versus 6.7% for PRS, P = 0.027) and higher rates of smoking history among PRS patients (46.8% versus 52.3%, P = 0.055). Mean operative time (131.3 versus 124.0 min, P = 0.090) had a trend toward being longer for ENT and mean length of stay (1.3 versus 2.0, P = 0.002) was significantly longer for PRS. Despite a greater proportion of high ASA class patients in the ENT group (P = 0.012) and patients with dirty/infected wounds in the PRS group (P = 0.013), there were no significant differences in 30-day readmission rates, 30-day reoperation rates, or wound infection rates. Conclusions No significant differences in 30-day readmission rates, reoperation rates, or wound infection rates for mandible fracture management exist between specialties. Despite differences in training between PRS and ENT, both specialties have comparable perioperative outcomes for mandible fracture management.
Nonlinear Multimode Formulation of Electron Cyclotron Maser Oscillators

This paper presents the nonlinear formulation for the problem of the electron maser in an overmoded cavity.
Meeting Vision 2025: Enhancing Civic Competency, Attitudes, and Engagement Among Occupational Therapy Students.

The American Occupational Therapy Association’s Vision 2025 (2017) challenges the occupational therapy profession to understand and address public health problems impacting communities. In response...
Two Differential Mechanisms

About 30 years ago I taught a series of summer enrichment programs for high school physics teachers, using funding from the Howard Hughes Medical Institutes. I deliberately chose teachers from smaller cities and towns who were unlikely to have contact with other physics teachers. One of my more interesting teachers came from a rural area in a far Midwestern state. He was teaching all of the sciences, including physics, and had never had a college course in physics. His technique was to have the students disassemble devices and analyze their operation.
Joint Resource Allocation for Input Data Collection and Simulation

Simulation is often used to evaluate and compare performances of stochastic systems, where the underlying stochastic models are estimated from real-world input data. Collecting more input data can derive closer-to-reality stochastic models while generating more simulation replications can reduce stochastic errors. With the objective of selecting the system with the best performance, we propose a general framework to analyze the joint resource allocation problem for collecting input data and generating simulation replications. Two commonly arised features, correlation in input data and common random numbers in simulation, are jointly exploited to save cost and enhance efficiency. In presence of both features, closed-form joint resource allocation solutions are given for the comparison of two systems.
Jumpstarting Health With a 15-Day Whole-Food Plant-Based Program:

The 15-day Jumpstart was developed as an evidence-based, affordable, standardized, replicable, and scalable program, designed to demonstrate quickly to patients that changing what they eat can impr...
Taking Misappropriation Seriously: State Common Law Disgorgement Actions For Insider Trading

In two recent cases, Kokesh v. SEC, and Liu v. SEC, the U.S. Supreme Court cut back substantially on one of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s most important enforcement powers. This is the ability to seek disgorgement from persons who violate the federal securities laws, depriving them of their ill-gotten gains. Previously, the Supreme Court had developed a largely property-based theory of insider trading. Why is insider trading evil? Because material nonpublic information is property that the trader has fraudulently obtained and must not use for his own purposes In this article I bring these thoughts together. I examine the restitutionary remedy of disgorgement in the specific context of insider trading. I argue that disgorgement can and should be sought in private rights of actions brought under state common law rather than by the SEC under the federal securities laws. Delaware and New York already permit issuers to do so in the context of what is known as classic insider trading. If one takes the Supreme Court’s insider trading jurisprudence seriously, other owners of information should also be able to do so under the alternate misappropriation theory of insider trading. Such cases would not be subject to the limitations imposed by Kokesh and Liu. More importantly, they would avoid many of the doctrinal quandaries that have arisen under the notoriously problematic federal caselaw. Private disgorgement actions under state law would be a supplement to, not a replacement of, SEC civil actions for injunctions and fines and Department of Justice criminal actions. Indeed, private actions will probably largely be parasitic on federal actions because insider trading is often only revealed through government investigation. And there are reasons to expect that relatively few state disgorgement actions will be brought, if for no other reason that the amount of profits most insider traders make are typically quite modest. Nevertheless, I argue that by the logic of the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence, the owners of the material nonpublic information are the appropriate parties to bring disgorgement litigation. Indeed, part of my impetus for writing this article is to illustrate how the Supreme Court’s approach which combines property, fiduciary duty and fraud elements, is inadequate for addressing the public policy issues involving insider trading as a federal offense. The Supreme Court correctly believes that the federal insider trading law is constrained by the fact that Sec. 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 only bans fraud, not bad acts generally. Consequently, coherence in federal insider trading law would require Congressional action which, in turn, would require identifying what is wrongful about insider trading from a market perspective so that we can define it. Unfortunately, although there is a wide spread, albeit far from universal, intuition that some trading on the basis of material nonpublic information violates the policies underlying the federal securities laws, so far there is not a consensus as to why.
Spanning Assam’s Great River: The Brahmaputra Bridge and the Indian Railways, 1958–1962

This chapter is the first of four to study infrastructural development in Nehruvian India. The focus of this chapter is the construction of the Saraighat Bridge in Assam, which was built between 1958 and 1962 across India’s last major unbridged river, the Brahmaputra. The project was almost entirely domestic: the Northeast Frontier Railway managed the project and two Indian firms executed the construction with limited foreign input. The Indian Railways had in fact called for open bidding for the construction of the bridge’s trusses, but after examining tenders from foreign companies, it determined that bridge-building knowledge was suitably advanced in India and there was no need for technology transfer at the time. Yet while bridge-building in India was “indigenized” in the 1950s and 1960s, this chapter shows that technological indigenization rarely lasts forever. Although the first bridge over the Brahmaputra was almost entirely Indian, later bridges over the same river had to import technology that was developed outside of India in more recent decades.
INDUCED MUTATIONS IN TaASN-A2 REDUCE FREE ASPARAGINE CONCENTRATION IN THE WHEAT GRAIN

Acrylamide is a neurotoxin and probable carcinogen formed as a processing contaminant during baking and production of different foodstuffs, including bread products. The amino acid asparagine is the limiting substrate in the Maillard reaction that produces acrylamide, so developing wheat varieties with low free asparagine concentrations in the grain is a promising approach to reduce dietary acrylamide exposure. A candidate gene approach was used to identify chemically-induced genetic variation in ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASE 2 (ASN2) genes that exhibit a grain-specific expression profile. In field trials, durum and common wheat lines carrying asn-a2 null alleles exhibited reductions in free asparagine concentration in their grains of between 9 and 34% compared to wild-type sister lines. These plants showed no significant differences in spikelet number, grain size and weight, germination or baking quality traits. These non-transgenic variants can be deployed without restriction in elite wheat germplasm to reduce acrylamide-forming potential with no negative impacts on quality or agronomic performance.
Unifying factory ESD measurements and component ESD stress testing

ESD events are detected in the factory using an oscilloscope and a broadband E-field antenna for observing the radiation. These results are correlated to component CDM ESD test data for the first time. We show how the gap was bridged with factory data and laboratory observations of electric dipole radiation, with the peak-to-peak voltage swing (Vp-p) of the antenna signal proven to be a key parameter. We also formulate a circuit model of the standard CDM tester, and clearly show the influence of certain features. Finally, we use both factory and CDM test results in a statistical model for predicting factory ESD fallout in DPM.
Van Zijl, Peter C.M: My Life in NMR and MRI, An Ongoing Story of Serendipity

This article is a brief overview of the explorations of Dr. Peter van Zijl in the fields of high-resolution NMR and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). It includes a brief overview of how he began in the field of NMR during his studies at the Free University in Amsterdam and his subsequent move to the United States to continue his work. This history reviews a series of serendipitous events that made Dr. van Zijl pursue different avenues of research. For high-resolution NMR, these include the study of oriented molecules, relaxation theory, development of magnetic field gradient technology, automation using adiabatic pulses, and design of pulse sequences to study proton exchange. For in vivo work, the path of study went from MRS in cancer and ischemia to diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging and later axonal fiber tracking in human white matter. Other contributions described are the development of methodologies and theory for functional MRI and the establishment of the F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain imaging. The article is concluded with an overview of recent efforts in which exchanging protons are used to image protein and peptide signals via the water signal and how this approach can be applied to study ischemia using pH-weighted MRI and cancer by looking at protein levels. Keywords: NMR; MRI; MRS; imaging; spectroscopy; functional MRI (fMRI); diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); fiber tracking; magnetic field gradients; oriented molecules; proton exchange; pH; cancer; ischemia
A Rule-based Approach for the Conflation of Attributed Vector Data

In this paper we present a complete approach for the conflation of attributed vector digital mapping data such as the Vector Product Format (VPF) datasets produced and disseminated by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). While other work in the field of conflation has traditionally used statistical techniques based on proximity of features, the approach presented here utilizes all information associated with data, including attribute information such as feature codes from a standardized set, associated data quality information of varying levels, and topology, as well as more traditional measures of geometry and proximity. In particular, we address the issues associated with the problem of matching features and maintaining accuracy requirements. A hierarchical rule-based approach augmented with capabilities for reasoning under uncertainty is presented for feature matching as well as for the determination of attribute sets and values for the resulting merged features. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of horizontal accuracy considerations with respect to point features is given. An implementation of the attribute and geometrical matching phases within the scope of an expert system has proven the efficacy of the approach and is discussed within the context of the VPF data.
Book review: A Computational Model of Metaphor Interpretation By James M. Martin (Academic Press, London, 1990)

Over the past two decades, metaphor has grown to occupy a central position in artificial intelligence research [2]. In particular, natural language processing has set practical goals for understanding the ubiquitous metaphorical expressions in our daily language. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson wrote a provocative book [7] in 1980 on conventional metaphor that has further fueled research interest on conventional metaphor in computational linguistics. The present book is an effort in developing and applying a computational model for processing conventional metaphor.
Self‐comparisons as motivators for healthy behavior

waves. Results: Participants who felt thinner than friends in Wave 1 had 1.16 lower odds of dieting in Wave 2. Those who felt fitter than friends in Wave 1 had 1.10 times higher odds of reducing alcohol and 1.18 times higher odds of exercising in Wave 2. We found that 20% of the relationship between feeling thin at baseline and subsequent dieting may be because feeling heavier than friends makes one want to lose weight. This same dynamic accounts for 25% of the relationship between feeling fit and dieting and 12% of the relationship between feeling thin and reducing alcohol. Conclusions: These results suggest that normative self-comparison with important others is a potentially salient determinant of obesity-related health behavior and appears to work differently depending upon the behavior. Interventions may benefit from exploiting social comparisons in targeted ways.
An adaptive segmentation and 3-D visualisation of the lungs

Abstract The accurate identification and delineation of the lungs structure from computerised tomography images would be extremely helpful in the clinical understanding of a patient's condition. The ability to view the lungs in three dimensions and to zoom in on problem areas would also be of great assistance to a clinician in the decision making process. This paper focuses on the development of a method for the automatic segmentation and 3-D visualisation of the lungs structure.
Three Frontiers: Family, Land, and Society in the American West, 1850–1900

Preface 1. A long, tedious journey 2. His own customs are the best 3. These savage desert regions 4. The heirs of my body 5. The soil to our posterity 6. The place where we lived 7. Our paths diverged Coda Note on sources Appendix.
Expression of interferon-γ by stromal cells inhibits murine long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cell activity

Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest that overexpression of interferon γ (IFN-γ) in the marrow microenvironment may play a role in the pathogenesis of marrow suppression in aplastic anemia. We previously showed that overexpression of IFN-γ by marrow stromal cells inhibits human long-term culture initiating cell activity assayed in vitro to a much greater degree than the addition of soluble IFN-γ. The effect of IFN-γ on true repopulating stem cells assayed in vivo has not been studied previously. We compared the effect of co-culture of murine marrow cells in the presence of stromal cells transduced with a retroviral vector expressing murine IFN-γ vs stromal cells transduced with a control neo vector. Using a murine congenic competitive repopulation assay, there was significantly less long-term repopulating stem cell activity remaining after culture on mIFN-γ–expressing stroma as compared to control stroma. We also investigated the effect of directly transducing murine bone marrow cells with the mIFN-γ or control vector. Marrow cells transduced with either vector were transplanted into W/W v recipient mice. The percentage of vector-containing cells in the mIFN-γ mice was significantly lower than in the control mice, suggesting that mIFN-γ–transduced primitive cells may not have survived culture, or that mIFN-γ directly decreases gene transfer into repopulating cells. Despite no significant differences in white or red blood cells in the mice transplanted with the mIFN-γ–transduced cells, the number of bone marrow colony-forming unit-C 16 weeks after transplantation was significantly lower in the IFN-γ group. These data indicate that ectopic or overexpression of mIFN-γ, especially by marrow microenvironmental elements, may have a marked effect on primitive hematopoiesis as assayed in vivo. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
Critical Care Medicine in Bangladesh: Evolution and Challenges

DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i1.7661 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(1):3-5
A VISIBILITY METRIC FOR SAFE LIGHTING OF CITY STREETS

The author discusses the specification of roadway lighting for the automobile driving operation. The relationship between an empirical measure of driver visual performance and a method for the quantification of visibility is explored in an effort to develop roadway lighting specifications based on visibility needs.
Perceptual principles for scalable sequence alignment visualization

Sequence comparison is a fundamental task in the biological sciences. Scientists often need to understand the similarities and differences between genetic sequences to understand evolution, to infer common function, or identify differences. Because the sequences are too long for manual examination, scientists rely on alignment tools that automatically identify subsequences that match between the sequences being compared. Numerous approaches for displaying and exploring alignments exist, and have been incorporated into a wide variety of tools. See [Procter et al. 2010] for a survey of several existing approaches.
Permutation Testing for Treatment–Covariate Interactions and Subgroup Identification

We consider the problem of using permutation-based methods to test for treatment–covariate interactions from randomized clinical trial data. Testing for interactions is common in the field of personalized medicine, as subgroups with enhanced treatment effects arise when treatment-by-covariate interactions exist. Asymptotic tests can often be performed for simple models, but in many cases, more complex methods are used to identify subgroups, and non-standard test statistics proposed, and asymptotic results may be difficult to obtain. In such cases, it is natural to consider permutation-based tests, which shuffle selected parts of the data in order to remove one or more associations of interest; however, in the case of interactions, it is generally not possible to remove only the associations of interest by simple permutations of the data. We propose a number of alternative permutation-based methods, designed to remove only the associations of interest, but preserving other associations. These methods estimate the interaction term in a model, then create data that “looks like” the original data except that the interaction term has been permuted. The proposed methods are shown to outperform traditional permutation methods in a simulation study. In addition, the proposed methods are illustrated using data from a randomized clinical trial of patients with hypertension.