cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blood urea nitrogen and serum bicarbonate in extremely low birth weight infants receiving higher protein intake in the first week after birth.

To determine correlation between early protein administration and serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) or bicarbonate (HCO3−) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants during the first week of life. A retrospective review of 154 ELBWs was conducted. Laboratory and nutritional data from postnatal days 1, 4 and 7 were collected. Repeated measures models estimated the relationship of protein intake with BUN and HCO3− in the first week of life. In total, 359 separate BUN and HCO3− values were analyzed. Each gram per kilogram of protein administered was associated with an increase in mean BUN of 3.3 mg/dl. This effect decreased daily by 2.1 mg/dl. Each gram per kilogram of protein administered was associated with a decrease in mean HCO3− by 0.9 mmol/l. The association between protein load and BUN is positive but decreasing over time. Protein is associated with a clinically insignificant decrease in HCO3−. Concerns regarding metabolic derangement from early protein administration in ELBWs are unwarranted.
Epistemic Objects and Embeddedness: Knowledge Construction and Narratives in Research Networks of Practice

In this article, we explore the meanings of objectual practice that are revealed by examining embedded information structures and performativity. We conceptualize a network of practice as a nexus of interconnected practice, formed around materially mediated interdependencies across communities of practice. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork of archaeology research, conducted across multiple research disciplines and communities of practice, we identify the material components of embedded information and explicate the processes by which objectual and social practices shape the adoption of theories across the network, creating knowledge-in-practice. We conceptualize knowledge construction as a product of the constant tension between contextualization and decontextualization embeddedness and disembeddedness. Our findings demonstrate the mechanisms by which exploratory interactions with the information embedded in things research objects produce breakdowns that reveal inconsistencies within current theories.
Ultrasonic attenuation near the phase transition for the magnetic field induced excitonic phase in bismuth

Abstract The fluctuation contribution to the ultrasonic attenuation above T c is shown to have a log T form similar to the log T components in properties of Kondo systems. The recent results by Mase et al. show this behaviour in bismuth.
Health status and medical expenditures: is there a link?

Until now, cross-national studies have not demonstrated a positive relationship between health care expenditures and improved health status, as measured by such indicators as age-adjusted mortality rates. It has therefore been argued that cutting expenditures will not have a negative effect upon health status. Using health and life-style data from the OECD for Germany, the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, France, Sweden and the United States, this study finds that when one holds constant those changes in life style that have an impact upon health (e.g. smoking, drinking, traffic accidents, dangers on the job) and adjusts for inflation and population size, health care expenditures do bear a positive relationship to health status. This suggests that reductions in health care expenditures may well have some cost in terms of overall health.
Presence of anti-hepatitis C virus serum markers in a dental school patient population

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has joined the list of infectious liver diseases of which the practicing dentist must be aware.This recently described RNA virus causes between 20% to 40% of reported cases of viral hepatitis in the United States. Patients with HCV show symptoms only one quarter of the time, but chronicity is maintained longer than with the other liver infections. The major mode of transmission is percutaneous, so dentists are potentially at risk to contract the virus. To assess the presence of exposure to HCV, a total of 500 dental school patients were screened for serum antibody to this virus (second-generation anti-HCV). In addition, participants were required to fill out a special screening questionnaire designed to indicate high-risk groups. Their serum was also analyzed for serum chemistries known to be associated with acute and chronic liver disease. Analysis of the 15 response questionnaires revealed statistical significance relating to questions inquiring about previous exposure to blood (transfusions, surgical procedures, etc) but little significance relating to lifestyle. In either case responses were not of practical predictive value. More than 5% of our sample patients were found to be positive reactors to anti-HCV, indicating previous HCV exposure. A significant number of those positive for anti-HCV also showed elevation of serum chemistries associated with hepatitis.
Instabilities in the Israel-Dixon relativistic superfluid theory

Abstract Spatially bounded deviations from equilibrium which are initially small are shown to grow exponentially with time in the Israel-Dixon theory. A modified version of the Israel-Dixon theory that is stable in the long wavelength limit is proposed.
Chromatin and signaling

Signaling involves the coordinated action of multiple molecules including stimuli, receptors and enzymes part of which interact with the transcriptional machinery and target chromatin. Signaling systems regulate the cell events responsible for survival, development and homeostasis. Many of the signaling pathways induce target gene activation through interaction with the transcription machinery, including RNA polymerase II, and with histone modifying complexes. These studies are having a broad impact on chromatin biology. Recent studies suggest that chromatin itself receives the signals. Increasing examples are illustrating novel regulatory mechanisms that promote our understanding of development and disease.
Policy and the Dynamics of Political Competition

Informed discussions of political competition— –by journalists, pundits, novelists, country specialists, or indeed practicing politicians— –usually describe a system in perpetual motion. Perpetual motion is seen as a normal state of affairs, not a manifestation of chaotic instability. And it is usually seen as having an endogenous dynamic; what the actors do at cycle c of the political process feeds back to affect the entire process at cycle c + 1. These informed discussions thus see politics as a complex dynamic system evolving under its own steam, a system unlikely to reach steady state. In stark contrast, mainstream models of political competition are usually static, with key model parameters and rules of interaction fixed exogenously. Although static models do not necessarily imply equilibrium, almost invariably the core intellectual approach is to specify a model and solve for equilibrium. Authors of such models are typically driven by what Cederman describes as a “metaphysical conviction that equilibria are always ‘out there’ waiting to be discovered,” a conviction that can “blind the analyst to the possibility of adjustments never settling” (Cederman, 1997, 34– 35). But if common sense tells us party competition is a complex dynamic process, then it also tells us party competition may never achieve equilibrium. This paper addresses the striking disjuncture between the static nature of most formal models of party competition and the dynamic way in which informed observers, who hardly ever talk about politics in terms of equilibrium, think about the political process. While many theorists would willingly concede in general terms that real political competition is a complex dynamic process, the hard question concerns how to model this in a way that is both theoretically tractable and substantively plausible. In what follows, I set out
Reducing distress during abortion: a test of sensory information

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of providing sensory information on distress during first-trimester abortion using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The factors were type of information given and type of anaesthesia used. Eighty-four women completed pre-abortion measures of state anxiety, and subjective pain and distress. Post-abortion measures included behavioural distress, subjective distress, pain and state anxiety. No significant differences were found for type of information (sensory vs. general) received on subjective or behavioural distress measures. Women receiving intravenous sedation together with local cervical block reported less subjective distress and pain than women receiving local anaesthesia alone. Sensory information was not effective in reducing distress during abortion.
Paradigm Shift in Toxicity Testing and Modeling

The limitations of traditional toxicity testing characterized by high-cost animal models with low-throughput readouts, inconsistent responses, ethical issues, and extrapolability to humans call for alternative strategies for chemical risk assessment. A new strategy using in vitro human cell-based assays has been designed to identify key toxicity pathways and molecular mechanisms leading to the prediction of an in vivo response. The emergence of quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) technology has proved to be an efficient way to decompose complex toxicological end points to specific pathways of targeted organs. In addition, qHTS has made a significant impact on computational toxicology in two aspects. First, the ease of mechanism of action identification brought about by in vitro assays has enhanced the simplicity and effectiveness of machine learning, and second, the high-throughput nature and high reproducibility of qHTS have greatly improved the data quality and increased the quantity of training datasets available for predictive model construction. In this review, the benefits of qHTS routinely used in the US Tox21 program will be highlighted. Quantitative structure–activity relationships models built on traditional in vivo data and new qHTS data will be compared and analyzed. In conjunction with the transition from the pilot phase to the production phase of the Tox21 program, more qHTS data will be made available that will enrich the data pool for predictive toxicology. It is perceivable that new in silico toxicity models based on high-quality qHTS data will achieve unprecedented reliability and robustness, thus becoming a valuable tool for risk assessment and drug discovery.
447: Quantification of ultrasound umbilical vein changes in fetal diaphragmatic hernia

changes in fetal diaphragmatic hernia Douglas Richards, David Kays Intermountain Medical Center and the University of Utah, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Murray, UT, University of Florida, Pediatric Surgery, Gainesville, FL OBJECTIVE: Deviation of the intraabdominal umbilical vein has been described as a marker of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and has been shown to help identify liver prolapse into the fetal chest. Deviation has previously been described only as a subjective finding. The purpose of this study is to quantify the degree of deviation in affected fetuses and to determine the accuracy of measurements for determining liver prolapse. STUDY DESIGN: In patients undergoing prenatal sonography for CDH the mid-hepatic portion of the umbilical vein was identified, and the distance between the lateral edge of the vein and the inner rib margin was measured. The same was done on the right, and the ratio of left to right measurement was termed the umbilical vein ratio (UVR). For this analysis, deviation of the UV, as quantified by the UVR, was used to predict the presence and side of the hernia, as well as to diagnose liver prolapse. The 5th and 95th confidence limits for the normal UVR were determined from 80 unaffected fetuses. Of 160 cases of CDH seen at our center between 11/1995 and 9/2010, 56 fetuses were studied prospectively, and 76 had adequate images available for retrospective measurements. The first sonogram at our center was used for analysis. RESULTS: The gestational age at the time of the ultrasound was 29.4 / 6.2 weeks. Of the 132 patients, 14 had a right-sided and 118 had a left-side hernia. All but one of the cases with right-sided hernias had an UVR above the normal range, and all had liver prolapse. Of those with a left-sided hernia, only 2 had a ratio within the normal range. Of those with a left-sided hernia, an UVR of 0.4 was shown by ROC analysis to be the best predictor of liver prolapse. This cut off had a sensitivity of 0.89 for predicting prolapse, with a false positive rate of 0.14. CONCLUSION: 93% of right-sided CDH and 98% of left-sided lesions have an UVR outside of the normal range. This demonstrates that deviation may a useful indicator of CDH in screening ultrasound examinations. A UVR less 0.4 is predictive of liver prolapse.
Growth and reproduction of the tidepool sculpin Oligocottus maculosus

Growth and reproduction of tidepool sculpins (Oligocottus maculosus) from three sites in Puget Sound, Washington State, USA were characterized. One site was a sandy, gently sloping beach, the second was an exposed rock headland with minimal algal cover, and the third was an exposed rock headland with numerous tidepools containing abundant algal cover. Length-weight relationships for sculpins did not differ significantly between sexes within sites. Population age structure, growth rate and recruitment varied among the three study sites using data pooled across both sexes. Young-of-the-year sculpins comprised 91% of the population at the exposed headland site with minimal algal cover but only 6% at the headland with abundant algal cover. Selective predation by great blue herons (Ardea herodias) upon tidepool sculpins larger than 45 mm total length assisted in the maintainance of these age structures. A maximum gonadosomatic index of 28.5 was calculated; this index correlated poorly with either age, length or somatic weight. Diameters of unshed ova from preserved tidepool sculpins sampled prior to spawning fell into three classes. Comparison of the mean egg size of each mode and the number of modes present in preserved sculpins with similar data from tidepool sculpins that spawned in the laboratory suggested that spawning occurred twice yearly from at least January through August.
Neoliberalism, Globalization and the Capitalist World Order:

We often forget how fast things change; for example, my father was born at a time when a wagon ride to the major city center 50 miles away took half a day and by the time he died almost a century later he could travel across a major ocean and traverse a continent in the same time. Those of us old enough to recall having to literally cut and paste together edits on our work know that the “cut” and “paste” features on most word processing software is a reference that most undergraduates cannot understand in their literal sense. My teenage son recently saw a rotary phone in a communication museum and pondered how you make a call, and it is only recently that he has become comfortable with telling time on an analog watch (who knows what he makes of old war films with “bandits at four o’clock” ‐ is that a reference to some appointment or anticipation?). In much the same way we get wrapped up in current debates and discussions over globalization, the internationalization of production, and the spread of capitalism as it penetrates all corners of the globe. Empires were built on commerce and there is no need to review the history of societies developing the fastest and safest means to bring goods to market ‐ whether it was the building of roads and garrisons to ensure the flow of goods toRome,guardingthetraderoutesacrossAsia,ordevelopingfasterandmoreefficientmeans of transportation over water. Early European empires grew out of trade and conquests, and early stages of capitalist development were inexorably tied to increasing global markets (primarily for the raw materials that fed the engines of production, and to some smaller extent as the outlet for the goods produced).The ability to utilize transportation, whether the land trade routes across Europe and between Europe and Asia, the inland waterways of northern and central Europe, or conquering the oceans to link continents, all contributed to the growth of great commercial empires. We need not repeat here the lessons of global processes so ably detailed in grand works of epic (and epochal) proportion by scholars like Braudel (1992a [1979], 1992b [1979], 1992c[1979])andWallerstein(1974,1980,1989).Itisenoughtopointoutthatsomeform
Condensation of FtsZ filaments can drive bacterial cell division

Forces are important in biological systems for accomplishing key cell functions, such as motility, organelle transport, and cell division. Currently, known force generation mechanisms typically involve motor proteins. In bacterial cells, no known motor proteins are involved in cell division. Instead, a division ring (Z-ring) consists of mostly FtsZ, FtsA, and ZipA is used to exerting a contractile force. The mechanism of force generation in bacterial cell division is unknown. Using computational modeling, we show that Z-ring formation results from the colocalization of FtsZ and FtsA mediated by the favorable alignment of FtsZ polymers. The model predicts that the Z-ring undergoes a condensation transition from a low-density state to a high-density state and generates a sufficient contractile force to achieve division. FtsZ GTP hydrolysis facilitates monomer turnover during the condensation transition, but does not directly generate forces. In vivo fluorescence measurements show that FtsZ density increases during division, in accord with model results. The mechanism is akin to van der Waals picture of gas-liquid condensation, and shows that organisms can exploit microphase transitions to generate mechanical forces.
The development of beam current monitors in the APS

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a third-generation 7-GeV synchrotron radiation source. The precision measurement of beam current is a challenging task in high energy accelerators, such as the APS, with a wide range of beam parameters and complicated noise, radiation, and thermal environments. The beam pulses in the APS injector and storage ring have charge ranging from 50 pC to 25 nC with pulse durations varying from 30 ps to 30 ns. A total of nine non-intercepting beam current monitors have been installed in the APS facility (excluding those in the linac) for general current measurement. In addition, several independent current monitors with specially designed redundant interlock electronics are installed for personnel safety and machine protection. This paper documents the design and development of current monitors in the APS, discusses the commissioning experience in the past year, and presents the results of recent operations.
Circinate Plaques Heralding Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Plaques of leukemia cutis were the first manifestation of juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia in a 2-year-old. This is a rare and usually fatal form of childhood leukemia. Only three cases of leukemia cutis associated with juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia have been published.
Theoretical study of photochromic compounds, part 2: Thermal mechanism for byproduct formation and fatigue resistance of diarylethenes used as data storage materials

ABSTRACT: Certain organic compounds possess the ability to change color underthe inﬂuence of light, called photochromism. This change is due to ultrafast chemicaltransition from open to closed ring isomers (photocyclization), which can be used foroptical data storage and photoswitching applications. These applications requireminimization of the irreversible photodegradation of the material, called photofatigue.This property is related to the chemical rate of byproduct formation. We use densityfunctional theory methods to predict the mechanism and activation barriers to thebyproduct formation for 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perﬂuorocyclopentene inorder to estimate its fatigue resistance. We also explain higher fatigue resistance for itsmethylated derivative. The methods used in this study may become a part of rationaldesign strategy for the new photochromic materials. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int JQuantum Chem 109: 3711–3722, 2009 Key words: electrocyclic reaction; chemical kinetics; byproduct formation; fatigueresistance
Can respiratory therapist-driven protocols improve resource utilization?

A high variability in the practice of medicine has contributed, in part, to higher healthcare costs and poor adherence to evidence-based interventions. For this reason, protocol-based strategies have been developed to reduce the lack of concordance in an attempt to improve clinical outcomes. In the
Topologically unique maximal elementary abelian group actions on compact oriented surfaces

We determine all finite maximal elementary abelian group actions on compact oriented surfaces of genus s=2 which are unique up to topological equivalence. For certain special classes of such actions, we determine group extensions which also define unique actions. In addition, we explore in detail one of the families of such surfaces considered as compact Riemann surfaces and tackle the classical problem of constructing defining equations.
Institutional Responses to Self-Injurious Behavior Among Inmates:

To date, little research has systematically investigated perceptions of mental health professionals regarding motivations for self-injury among prison inmates. To help fill this gap, the authors used descriptive techniques to examine self-injurious behavior among inmates from the perspective of correctional mental health professionals. A quantitative survey assessed perceptions of mental health staff regarding etiology, motivations, and manifestations of self-injury. A qualitative interview component was used to explicate responses from the survey. Inmate cutting, scratching, opening old wounds, and inserting objects were the most commonly witnessed behaviors. Findings suggest that self-injury occurred regularly and that a subset of inmates are responsible for recurrent events. Mental health professionals perceived the motivation for inmate self-injury to be both manipulative and a coping mechanism. They described current management strategies and corresponding needs for training and resources.
Structure of the North Atlantic current in stream-coordinates and the circulation in the Newfoundland basin

Accurate knowledge of the absolute North Atlantic Current (NAC) transport has been limited in the past by the di$culty of obtaining absolute velocity measurements. For this study, historical hydrography was combined with time series of round trip travel time from inverted echo sounders, bottom pressure sensor measurements, and measured velocities from deep current meters, via aGravest Empirical Modea tech- nique, to yield time series of temperature and absolute velocity sections. These sections were used to determine the mean NAC stream-coordinates structure of temperature and absolute velocity for the period from August 1993 to February 1995. This structure is narrower and stronger than the corresponding Eulerian average, with peak speeds greater than 80 cm s and bottom velocities exceeding 10 cm s. The calculated mean NAC transport was 131$14 (10 m s); temporal variations resulted in a4 110 m s standard deviation. The stream-coordinates estimate of mean absolute transport was found to be about 10% smaller than the corresponding Eulerian mean transport of 14610 m s as a result of partially summing the north and south transports within the Mann Eddy, a large semi-permanent anticyclonic eddy normally located just o!shore of the NAC. Most transport sections across the NAC in this region include the northward transport of the inshore side of the Mann Eddy because it is di$cult to discriminate between the two #ows. Historical estimates place the Mann Eddy absolute transport around 50}6010 m s; thus, the transport crossing this transect that can be identi"ed with the NAC is about 9010 m s. The barotropic component of the transport (de"ned as the bottom velocity multiplied by the water depth) is found to contribute at least 30% of the total absolute transport, depending on the choice of baroclinic reference level. Because a time series of transport measurements was made in this study, the accuracy of the mean transport estimate is better than previous estimates, which have all been based on snapshot measurements. From a combination of these measurements with other published measurements, a scheme for the overall circulation and transport in the Newfoundland Basin is suggested. 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Norepinephrine Mediates Acquisition of Transferrin-Iron in Bordetella bronchiseptica

Previous research demonstrated that the sympathoadrenal catecholamine norepinephrine could promote the growth of Bordetella bronchiseptica in iron-restricted medium containing serum. In this study, norepinephrine was demonstrated to stimulate growth of this organism in the presence of partially iron-saturated transferrin but not lactoferrin. Although norepinephrine is known to induce transcription of the Bordetella bfeA enterobactin catechol xenosiderophore receptor gene, neither a bfeA mutant nor a bfeR regulator mutant was defective in growth responsiveness to norepinephrine. However, growth of a tonB mutant strain was not enhanced by norepinephrine, indicating that the response to this catecholamine was the result of high-affinity outer membrane transport. The B. bronchiseptica genome encodes a total of 19 known and predicted iron transport receptor genes, none of which, when mutated individually, were found to confer a defect in norepinephrine-mediated growth stimulation in the presence of transferrin. Labeling experiments demonstrated a TonB-dependent increase in cell-associated iron levels when bacteria grown in the presence of 55Fe-transferrin were exposed to norepinephrine. In addition, TonB was required for maximum levels of cell-associated norepinephrine. Together, these results demonstrate that norepinephrine facilitates B. bronchiseptica iron acquisition from the iron carrier protein transferrin and this process may represent a mechanism by which some bacterial pathogens obtain this essential nutrient in the host environment.
Translational Control of the Oogenic Program by Components of OMA Ribonucleoprotein Particles in Caenorhabditis elegans

The oocytes of most sexually reproducing animals arrest in meiotic prophase I. Oocyte growth, which occurs during this period of arrest, enables oocytes to acquire the cytoplasmic components needed to produce healthy progeny and to gain competence to complete meiosis. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the major sperm protein hormone promotes meiotic resumption (also called meiotic maturation) and the cytoplasmic flows that drive oocyte growth. Prior work established that two related TIS11 zinc-finger RNA-binding proteins, OMA-1 and OMA-2, are redundantly required for normal oocyte growth and meiotic maturation. We affinity purified OMA-1 and identified associated mRNAs and proteins using genome-wide expression data and mass spectrometry, respectively. As a class, mRNAs enriched in OMA-1 ribonucleoprotein particles (OMA RNPs) have reproductive functions. Several of these mRNAs were tested and found to be targets of OMA-1/2-mediated translational repression, dependent on sequences in their 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs). Consistent with a major role for OMA-1 and OMA-2 in regulating translation, OMA-1-associated proteins include translational repressors and activators, and some of these proteins bind directly to OMA-1 in yeast two-hybrid assays, including OMA-2. We show that the highly conserved TRIM-NHL protein LIN-41 is an OMA-1-associated protein, which also represses the translation of several OMA-1/2 target mRNAs. In the accompanying article in this issue, we show that LIN-41 prevents meiotic maturation and promotes oocyte growth in opposition to OMA-1/2. Taken together, these data support a model in which the conserved regulators of mRNA translation LIN-41 and OMA-1/2 coordinately control oocyte growth and the proper spatial and temporal execution of the meiotic maturation decision.
Fuzzy vector quantization algorithms

This paper presents the development of efficient algorithms employing fuzzy logic for codebook design. These algorithms achieve the quality of vector quantizers provided by computationally demanding approaches, while capturing the advantages of the k-means algorithm, such as speed, simplicity, and conceptual appeal. The development of these algorithms is based on effective strategies for the transition from soft to crisp decisions during the clustering process. The uncertainty associated with training vector assignment is quantitatively measured by various families of membership functions, including those used in fuzzy k-means algorithms. The application of the proposed algorithms in image compression based on vector quantisation provides the basis for evaluating their computational efficiency and comparing the quality of the resulting codebook design with that provided by competing techniques. >
Intracranial aneurysm surgery in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type IV.

Objective Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type IV is a heritable connective tissue disorder with frequent neurovascular manifestations, such as intracranial aneurysms. Patients with this syndrome have notoriously fragile blood vessels, and the reported mortality rate for any type of vascular surgical procedure is 40%. This syndrome is rare, however, and the complication rate of aneurysm surgery may have been overestimated. Methods We reviewed our experience with aneurysm surgery in a group of patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type IV. Results The patient population consisted of three women and one man with a mean age of 44 years (age range, 20-57 yr). One patient, who had a ruptured anterior circulation aneurysm, died as a direct result of surgery because of marked vascular fragility. Three patients underwent successful surgery, consisting of a craniotomy and clipping of a ruptured anterior circulation aneurysm in two patients and a craniotomy and clip ligation of the parent artery in one patient with a ruptured dissecting vertebral artery aneurysm. Intraoperatively, mild vascular or connective tissue fragility was commonly observed. Postoperative complications (e.g., spontaneous pneumothorax and vertebral artery dissection) also were common but did not result in permanent morbidity. Conclusion The risk of neurovascular surgery is high in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type IV and intra- and postoperative complications are common. However, most patients tolerate the operation without permanent morbidity.
Disconnect: A case study of short-term voluntary mobile phone non-use

A group of young adults were observed and interviewed as they spent a weekend without access to the mobile phone and Internet. Thirty-seven students participated in a program, entitled “unplugged weekend.” How they experienced the social interactions and flow of time without the usual interruption by mobile communication was the main point of examination. Contrary to our expectations, the 48-hour period of disconnection was judged to be a unique, entertaining, and satisfactory experience for most participants. Using humor, establishing common grounds, and uses of the body were three main characteristics of co-present social interactions observed during the trip. There were “dual” perceptions of time flow: Some reported that time slowed down whereas others reported that time flew rather quickly throughout the weekend. Overall, many participants rediscovered the value of co-present embodied interactions by sharing various activities while giving undivided attention to one another.
Caveolin-1 peptide exerts cardioprotective effects in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion via nitric oxide mechanism

Caveolin-1 is a protein constituent of cell membranes. The caveolin-1 scaffolding region (residues 82–101) is a known inhibitor of protein kinase C. Inhibition of protein kinase C results in mainta...
The self association of di-t-butyl carbinol in carbon tetrachloride solution*☆

Abstract The self association of di-t-butyl carbinol (DTBC) in carbon tetrachloride solution has been studied at −10, +0.5, +13.5, and +25.5°C using hydroxyl proton chemical shift data and at −10 and +20°C. using absorbance data for the bonded OH stretching frequency. The following results have been obtained from the chemical shift data: K ( X −1 ) = 2.84, 2.06, 1.45, and 1.09 at −10, +0.5, +13.5, and +25.5°C., respectively; ΔH° = −4.2 kcal mole −1 ; and ΔS° = −13.9 cal deg −1 mole −1 . IR data are in satisfactory agreement with these results. DTBC is suggested as a promising hydrogen bonding acid for heteroassociation studies since corrections for self association appear to be unnecessary in dilute solution. ΔH° and ΔS° for DTBC are compared with results for methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and t-butanol and discussed in terms of steric hindrance to access to the OH group. It is suggested that DTBC forms only linear dimers while simple aliphatic alcohols may form both cyclic and linear dimers.
Trust and Interdependence in Controlling Multi-Agent Multi-Tasking Autonomous Teams

In this report we address the role of trust in autonomous systems, and our progress in developing a theory of interdependence for the efficient control of hybrid teams and systems composed of robots, machines and humans working interchangeably. Sentient multi-agent systems require an aggregation process like data fusion. But conventional use of fusion for the control of UxV systems hinges on convergences to form patterns, increasing uncertainty. Present solutions appear to indicate stability for cooperative contexts and instability for competitive ones, in line with our theoretical expectations.
Acculturative Stress and Risky Sexual Behavior: The Roles of Sexual Compulsivity and Negative Affect

Recent syndemic models of sexual health disparities affecting racial/ethnic minorities have highlighted the role of discrimination. Yet no previous work has examined how acculturative stress (distress at the transition from one's original culture toward a new culture) associates with sexual HIV-risk behavior (SHRB). Work among other minority populations suggests sexual compulsivity (SC) may contribute to syndemic sexual health disparities as a means of coping with distress. With this in mind, the present study examined whether SC explained the relation between acculturative stress and SHRB. Separate analyses were conducted for males and females within a sample of 758 sexually initiated racial/ethnic minority college students. Among males and females, acculturative stress had an indirect effect on SHRB via SC. As the first study to examine SHRB in relation to acculturative stress, findings provide preliminary evidence that targeting SC among racial/ethnic minorities may help reduce sexual health disparities.
Measures of Aggression and Mood Changes in Male Weightlifters With and Without Androgenic Anabolic Steroid Use

Supraphysiologic doses of testosterone are associated with increased aggression that is hypothesized to be a function of testosterone serum concentrations, mood, and personality. The study attempted to characterize this relationship among weightlifters who were users (n = 10) and nonusers (n = 18) of anabolic steroids. Participants were interviewed using the Modified Mania Rating Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression to assess mood, the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) and Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP) to assess aggression, and the Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ-R) to assess personality. Blood samples were obtained for the determination of total, free, and weakly bound testosterone. Comparisons of continuous variables between testosterone users and non-users were performed with a parametric (unpaired t-test) or non-parametric (Mann-Whitney) test where appropriate. Correlations with testosterone were examined separately for testosterone users and non-users, using Spearman rank correlation. The subjective (BDHI) and objective (PSAP) assessments of aggression found that supranormal testosterone concentrations were associated with increased aggression. However, the PDQ-R results suggest that this finding was confounded by the personality disorder profile of the steroid users, because steroid users demonstrated Cluster B personality disorder traits for antisocial, borderline, and histrionic personality disorder.
Norepinephrine-induced calcium signaling pathways in afferent arterioles of genetically hypertensive rats

This study provides new information about the relative importance of calcium mobilization and entry in the renal vascular response to adrenoceptor activation in afferent arterioles isolated from 7-...
Effects of beta blockade, beta stimulation, and afterload upon Doppler ejection dynamics

Studies of the early phase of ventricular ejection and aortic blood flow primarily have involved pressure and flow measurements in the left ventricle and the ascending aorta [1–3]. Early studies in dogs used electromagnetic flowmetry and fluid-filled catheter systems with adequate frequency responses (> 50 Hz) to demonstrate that peak acceleration occurred at the time of the peak transvalvular pressure gradient [1]. Peak velocity of flow was thought to coincide with the time of transvalvular pressure crossover. Murgo et al. [2] studied pressure and flow relationships in humans using high fidelity pressure and velocity catheter tip transducers. Their data confirmed that peak acceleration and the peak transvalvular pressure gradient were temporally related at rest, but that peak velocity occurs prior to the time of left ventricular-aortic pressure crossover.
Research on drug resistance and PFGE molecular typing of salmonella in Taizhou

Objective To investigate the serotype distribution,antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of salmonella in Taizhou,and provide scientific basis for disease control and treatment. Methods In Taizhou,84 Salmonella isolates from food( pork),diarrhea cases,employees in food service industry in 2011 were tested for biochemistry experiment,serotyping,antibiotic sensitivity,molecular typing and the similarity between strains was analyzed with the Bionumeries software. Results In Taizhou,the major serotypes of Salmonella were S. Derby,S. Enteritidis and S. Anatum,followed by S. Typhimurium,S.London,S. Agona and S. Senftenberg. The drug sensitive test results indicated that Salmonella from diarrhea cases,employees in food service industry,food had gained antibiotic resistance rate of 87. 5%,61. 2%,71. 4% and the rate of antibiotic resistance to two or more antibiotics at 75%,44. 9%,32. 1%. PFGE showed Salmonella isolates from Taizhou had various molecular types. The similarity was more than 50%,these strains also had 100% homologous strains,all indicated that there was close relationship among these stains. Conclusion Salmonella in Taizhou had stronger antibiotic resistance and broad drug resistance spectrum. The PFGE is a sensitive and reliable method to study molecular typing of Salmonella epidemiology. The genotypes of Salmonella in Taizhou exhibited polymorphism distribution and epidemiology correlation.
Analysis on Local Yielding of the SZT2 Steel Tubular Tower of 1 000 kV Double Circuits

The local yielding of the tower leg node occurring in the full-scale test of the first SZT2 tubular tower for the 1 000 kV AC double circuits is analyzed and checking calculation is carried out according to the newly-published industrial code Q/GDW 391—2009.A FEA model is established for the failure nodes by the software ANSYS and simulation analysis is carried out,which indicates that the results of theoretical analysis and FEA simulation is in good agreement with the testing results.In the end,several alternative design schemes are compared for the nodes and the optimal model is analyzed by FEA and some suggests are proposed to prevent local yielding.
Ureteroscopy with Rigid Instruments in the Management of Distal Ureteral Disease

The ureter is accessible to direct vision for diagnosis and treatment because it is pliable and attached firmly to the bladder. Instrumentation is in the process of development. A generally applicable technique for rigid ureteroscopy within the distal ureter and examples of use in patients with stricture, transitional cell carcinoma and calculi are reported.
A new approach to stochastic reduced order modeling

Abstract This short note presents a new method for stochastic reduced order (SROM) model based on BONUS reweighting scheme. An illustrative case study of IGCC power plant compares the new method with the neural network based reduced order model. The new method shows promising results.
Major Histocompatibility Complex I and II Expression and Lymphocytic Subtypes in Muscle of Horses with Immune-Mediated Myositis.

Background Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II expression is not normally detected on sarcolemma, but is detected with lymphocytic infiltrates in immune-mediated myositis (IMM) of humans and dogs and in dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine if sarcolemmal MHC is expressed in active IMM in horses, if MHC expression is associated with lymphocytic subtype, and if dysferlin is expressed in IMM. Animals Twenty-one IMM horses of Quarter Horse-related breeds, 3 healthy and 6 disease controls (3 pasture myopathy, 3 amylase-resistant polysaccharide storage myopathy [PSSM]). Methods Immunohistochemical staining for MHC I, II, and CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ lymphocytes was performed on archived muscle of IMM and control horses. Scores were given for MHC I, II, and lymphocytic subtypes. Immunofluorescent staining for dysferlin, dystrophin, and a-sarcoglycan was performed. Results Sarcolemmal MHC I and II expression was detected in 17/21 and 15/21 of IMM horses, respectively, and in specific fibers of PSSM horses, but not healthy or pasture myopathy controls. The CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells were present in 20/21 IMM muscles with CD4+ predominance in 10/21 and CD8+ predominance in 6/21 of IMM horses. Dysferlin, dystrophin, and a-sarcoglycan staining were similar in IMM and control muscles. Conclusions and clinical importance Deficiencies of dysferlin, dystrophin, and a-sarcoglycan are not associated with IMM. Sarcolemmal MHC I and II expression in a proportion of myofibers of IMM horses in conjunction with lymphocytic infiltration supports an immune-mediated etiology for IMM. The MHC expression also occured in specific myofibers in PSSM horses in the absence of lymphocytic infiltrates.
Krista’s Voice: The Transformative Influence of Negative and Positive Experiences

In this account, I present some of the highlights of my experiences along with the ways I’ve considered and made sense of them. And incidentally, the references by Hackman, Solnit, and Zimmerman are readily available online and well worth the the read.
Assessing Perceptions of Culture and Trauma in an Elementary School: Informing a Model for Culturally Responsive Trauma-Informed Schools

Negative outcomes for students of color and those who are economically disadvantaged are troubling patterns in schools nationwide. Systemic racial disparities, including disproportional poverty, are part of the problem. Regardless of their race, however, children who live with poverty often have heightened exposure to adverse experiences. Implementing a culturally responsive trauma-informed approach to understand and respond to students can address the impact of disparities, teach resiliency skills, and promote the wellbeing and achievement of all students. This study describes a school-university collaboration to develop such a model. Findings explore school personnel’s perceptions about race, trauma, and the stressors their students face in the context of the developing model.
Synthesizing and Characterizing Graphene via Raman Spectroscopy: An Upper-Level Undergraduate Experiment That Exposes Students to Raman Spectroscopy and a 2D Nanomaterial

In this upper-level undergraduate experiment, students utilize micro-Raman spectroscopy to characterize graphene prepared by mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The mechanically exfoliated samples are prepared by the students while CVD graphene can be purchased or obtained through outside sources. Owing to the intense Raman signal of a few-layer graphene on a 300 nm thermal oxide silicon wafer, students can learn how different instrumental parameters used in Raman microscopy affect the quality of the measurement. This experiment gives students a first-hand experience in the production of a two-dimensional nanomaterial and exposes them to the utility of micro-Raman spectroscopy as a characterization technique.
Challenges of Performing Out of Operating Room Anesthesia on the Morbidly Obese

Out of operating room anesthesia continues to evolve as we see a change in the healthcare paradigm that once was process driven, to one that emphasizes measured outcomes. While providing anesthetic care outside the traditional operative can be advantageous for the patient, hospital, and physicians alike, it comes with numerous challenges that must be recognized and planned for. One of these concerns is the prevalence of morbid obesity in the patients we anesthetize in a suboptimal location. Body weight is commonly indirectly quantified using the body mass index (BMI), which is weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2). A patient is considered obese with a BMI of greater than 30 kg/m2, and morbidly obese when the BMI is greater than 40 kg/m2. The prevalence of morbid obesity in the United States over the last three decades has grown at an alarming rate, far greater than that of obesity. This chapter will provide a review of various prudent patient and procedural aspects involved in the delivery of a safe anesthetic care outside the operating room.
A statistical model for the wettability of surfaces with heterogeneous pore geometries

We describe a new approach to modeling the wetting behavior of micro- and nano-textured surfaces with varying degrees of geometrical heterogeneity. Surfaces are modeled as pore arrays with a Gaussian distribution of sidewall reentrant angles and a characteristic wall roughness. Unlike conventional wettability models, our model considers the fraction of a surface’s pores that are filled at any time, allowing us to capture more subtle dependences of a liquid’s apparent contact angle on its surface tension. The model has four fitting parameters and is calibrated for a particular surface by measuring the apparent contact angles between the surface and at least four probe liquids. We have calibrated the model for three heterogeneous nanoporous surfaces that we have fabricated: a hydrothermally grown zinc oxide, a film of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microspheres formed by spinodal decomposition, and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film with pores defined by sacrificial polystyrene microspheres. These three surfaces show markedly different dependences of a liquid’s apparent contact angle on the liquid’s surface tension, and the results can be explained by considering geometric variability. The highly variable PTFE pores yield the most gradual variation of apparent contact angle with probe liquid surface tension. The PVDF microspheres are more regular in diameter and, although connected in an irregular manner, result in a much sharper transition from non-wetting to wetting behavior as surface tension reduces. We also demonstrate, by terminating porous zinc oxide with three alternative hydrophobic molecules, that a single geometrical model can capture a structure’s wetting behavior for multiple surface chemistries and liquids. Finally, we contrast our results with those from a highly regular, lithographically-produced structure which shows an extremely sharp dependence of wettability on surface tension. This new model could be valuable in designing and evaluating processes for manufacturing liquid-repellent surfaces on an industrial scale.
Commemorating Toxicology at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences on the Occasion of Its 50th Anniversary.

Summary:In 1978, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) was established and headquartered at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina...