cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MATURATIONAL CORRELATES OF NEPHRON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION DURING DEVELOPMENT

Glomerulo-tubular(GT) relationships in the developing kidney have been characterized as immature, with anatomical and functional glomerular preponderance. Previous studies have not differentiated renal immaturity from other possible causes of GT imbalance. Glucose titration experiments were performed in 13 puppies from 2-51 days of age in which volume expansion(VX) was avoided (A), given 20ml/kg 0.9%, saline IV(B) and observed(C). Proximal tubular length(L) and diameter of Bowman's capsule(D) were measured by microdissection studies. Maximal tubular reabsorption of glucose(TmG) and inulin clearance(Cin) increase with age(r=.96)*, with dry kidney weight(DKW)(r=.72)** and with L(r=.84)*. DKW increased with L(r=.61)**. Cin decreased with D(r=-.58)**. Glucose threshold increased from 133 to 210mg/dl from 2-23 days(r=.84)* but did not increase thereafter. The pattern of functional splay (S) 3 weeks. TmG/Cin(3.37±.28,m±SD) did not change with age(r=.54). During B a decrease in TmG** without change in Cin resulted in a decrease in TmG/Cin(2.97±.67)** and an increase in S at all ages. During C, TmG increased, Cin did not change and TmG/Cin increased to 3.60±.99**, values not different from A. S resembled that noted in A at saturation. It is concluded that increments in TmG, Cin and DKW during development, are related to nephron growth and that GT balance for glucose obtains from birth in the canine kidney whose response to VX is qualitatively similar to the adult at every stage of morphological development. *p<.001, **p<.05
Template Boundary in a Yeast Telomerase Specified by RNA Structure

The telomerase ribonucleoprotein has a phylogenetically divergent RNA subunit, which contains a short template for telomeric DNA synthesis. To understand how telomerase RNA participates in mechanistic aspects of telomere synthesis, we studied a conserved secondary structure adjacent to the template. Disruption of this structure caused DNA synthesis to proceed beyond the normal template boundary, resulting in altered telomere sequences, telomere shortening, and cellular growth defects. Compensatory mutations restored normal telomerase function. Thus, the RNA structure, rather than its sequence, specifies the template boundary. This study reveals a specific function for an RNA structure in the enzymatic action of telomerase.
Transcription of a gene for human U1 small nuclear RNA

Transcription of U1 small nuclear RNA from a 592 bp fragment of human DNA was analyzed in vivo and in vitro. When injected into Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei, the cloned DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase II to make human U1 snRNA. Thus the sequences of this fragment are sufficient for expression of the U1 snRNA gene. Moreover, injection of templates carrying deletions of flanking sequences demonstrates that the DNA sequences required for in vivo transcription are located at least 100 nucleotides upstream from the point corresponding to the 5' end of mature U1 snRNA. In vitro transcription in a HeLa cell extract leads to synthesis not of mature U1 snRNA, but of a larger molecule starting 183 nucleotides upstream from the site corresponding to the 5' end of mature U1 snRNA. Transcription from this upstream promoter also is catalyzed by RNA polymerase II, and is comparable in efficiency with the very strong major late promoter of adenovirus 2. We propose that U1 snRNA is synthesized in vivo as a precursor that is processed by an enzyme or enzymes missing from our extracts.
p,p′-DDE-induced changes in the organic and inorganic structure of eggshells of the Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos

Abstract Scanning electron microscopic examination of decalcified and inorganic preparations of Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ) eggshells showed that dietary p,p′ -DDE induced significant and consistent changes in both the organic and inorganic constituents of the eggshell. The numbers of mammillary cores, structures composed of organic knobs which serve as crystallization sites on the outer surface of eggshell membranes, as well as the numbers of basal caps, were reduced by dietary p,p′ -DDE in eggshells which also showed a reduction in shell thickness. Polychlorinated biphenyls induced a lesser but significant reduction in the numbers of mammillary cores; a comparable decrease in numbers of basal caps was not found to be statistically significant with the sample sizes used. Effects of a diet containing both DDE and PCB were equivalent to those of DDE. Thickness of eggshells from mallards maintained on the PCB diet was equivalent to that of the controls. The reduction in the number of mammillary cores may therefore occur independently of the DDE-induced eggshell thinning. The density of mammillary cores on the eggshell membranes was found to be linearly related to the density of basal caps.
Induced Magnetic Scattering in Non-Magnetic Solids

Intense magnetic dipole scattering is induced in garnets and compared with dressed state theory of quadratic magneto-electric nonlinearities on L=0 to L=1 transitions of atoms/molecules, confirming important implications for energy conversion and high-frequency transverse magnetism.
The application of satellites to international interactive service support communication

Peacesat (Pan-Pacific education and communication experiment by satellite) is a demonstration project initiated in 1971. Its objective is to study the benefits arising from direct conference communications between groups with common interests in widely separated countries of the Pacific. Cooperating institutions are linked by low cost self-contained radio terminals and a communication satellite relay. Each station is able to communicate simply and easily with all others and send and receive voice and facsimile signals. Teletype and slow scan television experiments are also planned. This experimental network is available for use by persons and institutions engaged in research, education, health and other community services.
Treatment of oral character neurosis in group psychotherapy

In summary, orally regressed neurotic characters are generally regarded as extremely resistive and discouraging patients because of their excessive narcissism, weak, unadaptable ego, clinging passive dependency, intense infantile rage, strong psychic masochism, and intense need to provoke aggression. This author has found, however, that patients in this category are more likely to respond to treatment when it is provided in a group setting.
Pressure inactivation of Tulane virus, a candidate surrogate for human norovirus and its potential application in food industry.

Abstract Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading causative agent for foodborne disease. Currently, studies of HuNoV usually rely on surrogates such as murine norovirus (MNV) due to the lack of a suitable cell culture system and a small animal model for HuNoV. Tulane virus (TV), a monkey calicivirus, is a cultivable enteric calicivirus that not only recognizes the same receptors as HuNoV, but is also genetically closely related to HuNoV. In this study, we determined the pH stability of TV and MNV-1, as well as the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on inactivating both viruses in aqueous media, blueberries and oysters. We demonstrated that both TV and MNV-1 were very stable under an acidic environment. They were more resistant to pressure at an acidic environment than at neutral pH. Pressure treatment of 600 MPa for 2 min at different temperatures (4, 21 and 35 °C) barely caused any reduction of TV, as well as MNV-1, on un-wetted (dry) blueberries. However, both TV and MNV-1 on blueberries were successfully inactivated by a pressure of ≤ 400 MPa when blueberries were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline during HHP. Pressure inactivation of both TV and MNV-1 in blueberries and oysters increased as sample temperature decreased in the order of 4 > 21 > 35 °C. TV was more sensitive to pressure than MNV-1 for the three matrices tested, culture media, blueberries and oysters. This study provides important information on the use of TV as a surrogate for HuNoV study. Results obtained from this study lay a foundation for designing effective HHP treatments for inactivation of HuNoV in high-risk foods such as berries and oysters.
Treatment Retention, Occupational Role, and Cocaine Use in Methadone Maintenance

The authors interviewed methadone maintenance patients (N = 264) reporting cocaine use in the previous year to examine the relationship between treatment retention, occupational role, and continued cocaine use. Treatment retention was positively correlated with reduced cocaine use. Patients who had been in treatment longer than 6 months were less likely to have used cocaine in the previous month than patients who had been in treatment 6 months or less. Patients who were employed full-time, were full-time home-makers, or full-time students were less likely to have used cocaine in the previous month than those who were unemployed or employed only part-time or occasionally. The effects of occupational role and treatment retention were additive.
Observation of new electronic states of the Al–H2/D2 complex

Abstract A study of the electronic spectra of the weakly bound Al–H 2 and Al–D 2 complexes is presented. The complexes were generated in a pulsed, free-jet supersonic beam and detected with laser fluorescence excitation and depletion spectroscopy. All observed excited vibronic levels predissociate, and the transitions were detected by observation of lower-energy, emitting Al atoms. A long excited-state progression in the Al–H 2 /D 2 stretch vibrational mode associated with the strongly bound 2 B 2 electronic state correlating with the Al(3d) atomic asymptote was observed. The Lorentzian widths of these bands are large, indicative of strong coupling to the repulsive Al(4s)–H 2 state. A Franck–Condon analysis was carried out to derive an effective one-dimensional potential energy curve for the van der Waals stretch coordinate in the excited 2 B 2 state. This potential energy curve is compared with the previously computed one-dimensional C 2v cut for this state [Faraday Discuss. 118 (2001) 387]. Bands associated with the mixed 5d, 6s←3p electronic transition are also reported. A complex of pattern of vibronic energies was observed, and the Lorentzian widths of these bands vary greatly. The binding energies of these and other Al–H 2 Rydberg states are compared with the computed binding energy of the ionic Al + –H 2 complex.
Effect of contrast concentration on abdominal enhancement in the rabbit: Spiral computed tomography evaluation

Rationale and Objectives. We examined the effect of varying the concentration of a nonionic iodinated contrast agent on hepatic and abdominal vascular enhancement using spiral computed tomography (CT) scanning. Methods. Spiral CT scans of 10 New Zealand male rabbits were obtained after intravenous injection of 240 mg I/ml iohexol and 350 mg I/ml iohexol injected at a rate of 2 ml/sec. Each animal was studied at both concentrations using four different contrast volumes: 2.3, 1.7, 1.1, and 0.57 ml/kg. Enhancement values of the aorta, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, and hepatic parenchyma were measured using a region-of-interest cursor. Results. At all contrast doses, equal volumes of contrast iohexol-350 resulted in statistically higher hepatic ( p ≤ .003, paired Student's t test) as well as vascular ( p p >> .05) when enhancement was plotted as a function of total grams of iodine administered. Conclusion. With spiral CT scanning, appropriate contrast doses and relative costs per dose of iohexol should be considered on the basis of total iodine load administered rather than total volume administered.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Facilitating School Success

Defines this type of brain injury, describes its potential consequences, and offers guidelines for designing and implementing school reintegration programs
An extended quadrature-based mass-velocity moment model for polydisperse bubbly flows

Accurately predicting polydisperse bubbly flow is a nontrivial task due to the complexity of the bubble number density function (NDF) and the strong dependence of the instantaneous bubble velocity on the bubble size and shape. To describe polydisperse bubbly flow, a joint mass-velocity NDF is adopted in this work. In the absence of mass transfer between phases and coalescence or breakage, the bubble mass is a conserved quantity from which the bubble size and shape can be found given the liquid pressure and surface tension. Quadrature-based moment methods (QBMM) are applied to solve numerically the kinetic equation of the joint NDF using the extended quadrature method of moments (EQMOM) coupled with an open-source incompressible Navier–Stokes solver for the liquid phase. Transport equations for the joint mass-velocity moments are derived from a kinetic equation for the joint NDF and closure is attained using a monokinetic NDF valid in the limit of small bubble Stokes number. The integer moments with respect to mass are used to reconstruct the continuous univariate NDF with EQMOM, while the joint mass-velocity moments are used to determine the bubble velocity as a continuous function of the bubble mass. The model is first applied to simulate a quasi-2-D bubble column with different aeration profiles and a narrow bubble size distribution in order to validate the approach with experimental data from the literature. Additional cases with a wide continuous bubble size distribution are used to show the ability of the modelling approach to describe polydisperse bubbly flows.
Heuristics for continuity editing of cinematic computer graphics scenes

We present a set of heuristics for editing footage of 3D computer graphics cinematic sequences into a coherent movie clip which obeys the conventions of continuity editing. Our approach mimics the decision processes of an editor assembling a clip out of filmed footage involving multiple camera setups. Given a set of stylistic rules, our software applies a number of heuristics to produce a final result satisfying those rules, as well as the fundamental rules of continuity editing. The main contribution of this paper is in the formulation of editing heuristics which take into account stylistic rules, enabling different edits of the same scene into cinematic clips of various styles. We demonstrate the use of these heuristics on three scenes taken from actual film clips.
Psychophysiologic disorders in children and adolescents.

Psychosomatic disorders in children and adolescents is a topic that covers a wide variety of illnesses and one which is difficult if not impossible to define accurately. In general, chronic emotional states, often nonspecific, serve as strong contributors to the development of a physical illness. The particular illness is often dictated by varying degrees of biological predisposition in one physiological system—i.e., such a predisposition in the respiratory system may lead to asthma or in the gastrointestinal system to ulcerative colitis. In some cases the biological factor is large and the emotional factor minimal, while in other cases the reverse is true. In the early days of research in psychosomatic disorders it was widely believed that each disorder was accompanied by certain specific emotional problems. Further study has shown this is not true. It was also felt that many, if not most of these disorders could be cured by psychotherapy, and this also has proven to be a fallacy. We have moved more and ...
Analysis of chance coincidences in fast-slow coincidence systems

Abstract A complete treatment is given of the various processes which contribute to the chance coincidence rate in a two-fold fast-slow coincidence system and a similar analysis for the three-fold system is carried to second order. The effects of circuit and detector deadtimes are included and methods are suggested for the elimination of all chance-coincidence contributions which do not result exclusively from the finite resolving time of the fast coincidence circuit.
Familial correlations and heritability of maxillary midline diastema

The purpose of the study was to estimate familial correlations and heritability to evaluate familial aggregation patterns of maxillary midline diastemas. The sample consisted of 30 extended families: 15 black, 14 white, and 1 mixed race. A single ascertainment scheme was adopted to collect the sample. Family data were collected with a 7-question survey. In all, the sample of 430 subjects consisted of 220 females, 210 males, 99 nuclear families, 534 sibling pairs, 422 avuncular pairs, 318 grandparent pairs, and 27 cousin pairs. Families were stratified by race to avoid any bias. The mixed-race family was excluded from the analysis. Data were analyzed using the program REGC in the Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology (S.A.G.E., Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio) software. Heritability was found to be 0.32 +/- 0.14 in the white sample and 0.04 +/- 0.16 in the black sample. The preliminary results suggest a possible genetic basis for maxillary midline diastema and a greater role of environmental factors in the black sample than in the white sample.
Action Learning: Design Features and Outcomes at Georgia State University

This account of action learning as a curriculum offering at Georgia State University provides background and details of program start-up and operation during a first, experimental year. It explains what features were important in the design, what some of the first-year outcomes were, and what designers of the laboratory course will continuously seek to improve. Research findings from the first year of offering the program supported the expectation that students would gain confidence in their set mentoring and organizational problem-solving skills through a blend of hands-on experience and through independent and in-class reflection. Using critical incidents and journals as a way of staying in touch with events and with their own learning process, participants came to view critique as a leading part of action learning. Graduate students who were the first action learners at GSU included both human resource development and instructional technology majors. They have now fanned out in many directions to learn more about action learning and to carry the process into other organizations.
Ligand affinity for amino-terminal and juxtamembrane domains of the corticotropin releasing factor type I receptor: regulation by G-protein and nonpeptide antagonists.

Peptide ligands bind the CRF1 receptor by a two-domain mechanism: the ligand's carboxyl-terminal portion binds the receptor's extracellular N-terminal domain (N-domain) and the ligand's amino-terminal portion binds the receptor's juxtamembrane domain (J-domain). Little quantitative information is available regarding this mechanism. Specifically, the microaffinity of the two interactions and their contribution to overall ligand affinity are largely undetermined. Here we measured ligand interaction with N- and J-domains expressed independently, the former (residues 1−118) fused to the activin IIB receptor's membrane-spanning α-helix (CRF1-N) and the latter comprising residues 110−415 (CRF1-J). We also investigated the effect of nonpeptide antagonist and G-protein on ligand affinity for N- and J-domains. Peptide agonist affinity for CRF1-N was only 1.1−3.5-fold lower than affinity for the whole receptor (CRF1-R), suggesting the N-domain predominantly contributes to peptide agonist affinity. Agonist interact...
A Lyapounov function approach to the theory of stability in a laser using the Scully-Lamb theory

Abstract The stability of a quantum model of a c.w. laser is demonstrated using Lyapounov's second method.
Temporal pattern of IGF-I expression during mouse preimplantation embryogenesis.

Although mouse preimplantation embryos express transcripts for the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), IGF-I transcripts were not detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) at any stage of preimplantation development in a previous study (Rappolee et al., Genes Dev 6:939–952, 1992). We report that IGF-I transcripts are detected in the preimplantation embryo by RT-PCR and describe the temporal pattern of expression of this transcript from the oocyte to blastocyst stages; the level declines from the oocyte to 8-cell embryo and then increases from the 8-cell to blastocyst stages. An explanation is offered to account for the differences in detecting the IGF-I transcript, and the results are discussed in the context of an autocrine/paracrine IGF-I circuit in the preimplantation mouse embryo. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Incentives to promote family planning

Objective Over the past 60 years, population control has become an increasingly urgent issue worldwide as a growing population strains already limited resources. The use of financial incentives to promote family planning is an innovative approach that has potential to make a contribution to efforts to better manage population growth. This report reviews eight studies that examined the effect of incentives on family planning.
Monoclonal gamma-globulins in ferrets with lymphoproliferative lesions.

SummaryElectrophoretic analyses of sera from 92 ferrets revealed 38 to have gamma globulin values above 20%, 27 above 30%, and 12 above 40%. Sixteen of the ferrets with hypergammaglobulmemia were necrop-sied and found to have systemic plasmacellu-lar infiltrates with lymph node and frequent thymic hypertrophy. Seven of the ferrets had a monoclonal type of hypergammaglobulin-emia.
An ultrastructural size principle

Recent ultrastructural descriptions of synaptic contacts suggest that potential synaptic efficacy may be directly correlated with bouton size. The characteristics of a synaptic bouton which presumably underlie its potential physiological strength (such as vesicle number, active zone number and area, and mitochondrial volume) are all linearly related to the volume of the bouton. Furthermore, at synapses which contact dendritic spines in both the hippocampus and cerebellum, the volume of the spine is linearly related to bouton volume. The existence of these scaling relationships has widespread implications for interpreting synaptic anatomy and variability, and for examining synaptic plasticity. We review evidence in support of the "ultrastructural size principle" outlined above and its potential generality.
The Importance of Initial Management in the Treatment of Severe Infectious Corneal Ulcers

Abstract Purpose: To identify factors that influence the outcome of patients with severe infectious corneal ulcers. Method: A retrospective review was performed of the hospital records of all such patients admitted to the Doheny Eye Hospital during a 30 month period. Outcome variables examined were change in visual acuity, duration of hospitalization, hospital charges, and percentage of patients who required penetrating keratoplasty. Results: Sixty-two ulcers were included. An organism was identified and antibiotic sensitivities established in 52 patients (84%). Inpatient therapy involved a combination of fortified aminoglycoside and cephalosporin antibiotics in 39 patients (63%) and was found to be appropriate on the basis of sensitivity studies in 49 (94%) of 52 patients. Inappropriate initial treatment was related to increased hospital charge ( P = 0.024) as well as increased risk of penetrating keratoplasty ( P = 0.001). Conclusions: Appropriate initial therapy is most critical in the course of serious corneal ulcers, and aggressive, broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage is advocated.
Rapid miniature fiber optic pressure sensors for blast wave measurements

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious potential threat to soldiers who are exposed to explosions. Since the pathophysiology of TBI associated with a blast wave is not clearly defined, it is crucial to have a sensing system to accurately quantify the blast wave dynamics. This paper presents an ultra-fast fiber optic pressure sensor based on Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometric principle that is capable of measuring the rapid pressure changes in a blast event. The blast event in the experiment was generated by a starter pistol blank firing at close range, which produced a more realistic wave profile compared to using compressed air driven shock tubes. To the authors' knowledge, it is also the first study to utilize fiber optic pressure sensors to measure the ballistics shock wave of a pistol firing. The results illustrated that the fiber optic pressure sensor has a rise time of 200 ns which demonstrated that the sensor has ability to capture the dynamic pressure transient during a blast event. Moreover, the resonant frequency of the sensor was determined to be 4.11 MHz, which agrees well with the specific designed value.
The Use of Masks and Split-detection in Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy

Confocal adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopes have historically provided high contrast images of the retina at the cellular level. Here, we demonstrate non-confocal detection in imaging retinal structures previously unresolved by confocal imaging.
Ritual and the Legitimation of Inequality

This paper explicates the much neglected process through which ritual both reproduces and transforms beliefs concerning the legitimation of inequality. The point of departure is Collins's interpret...
Comparing TOC with MRP and JIT: a literature review

Since the early 1980s, manufacturing philosophies such as manufacturing resource planning (MRP), just-in-time (JIT), and theory of constraints (TOC) have emerged as distinct, viable, and competitive planning and control systems for improving the organisational performance. Comparative literature outlines many similarities and differences among these philosophies and attempts to answer the question: what is the best choice? With this question in mind, this paper reviewed the journal articles comparing TOC with MRP and JIT and provided specific future research directions. Although TOC is shown to compete effectively against MRP and JIT and thereby, holds promise, the results are still inconclusive primarily because the majority of journal articles lack in one respect or the other in terms of realistic examples modelled, breadth of characteristics considered, rigorous methodology employed, and depth of statistical analysis performed. In terms of future research directions, we develop a comprehensive list of ...
Mid-IR and near-IR chemical imaging: Complementary for biological materials

Abstract Practical applications of microspectroscopic mid-IR and near-IR imaging are cited. Included are imaging applications that reveal pathological differences between diseased and normal tissue, genetic expression, germination of seeds, change in protein secondary structure with heat treatment, misfolded proteins in diseased tissue, homogeneity after mixing of commodities and separation of botanical parts of grain kernels. The two imaging techniques complement each other having reciprocal strengths and limitations. The mid-IR, although readily interpreted based on six decades of serious well documented classical IR investigations, have the practical limitation of thin specimen path length of 6–8 μm and difficult sample preparation. In contrast, near-IR imaging data is more readily obtained with minimal sample preparation. It provides deeper sample penetration applicable to bulk analysis. However, interpretation usually requires statistical multivariate data treatment because broader overlapping near-IR absorption bands are the norm. Diffraction limited spatial resolution imaging is now routine for mid-IR microspectroscopy after nearly two decades of instrumental advances. They include single detector raster scanning with confocal image plane masking, focal plane array parallel spectral acquisition, and the use of synchrotron radiation sources. Near-IR commercial imaging systems are available with either a pushbroom linear detector array or a rectangular 320 × 256 detector element focal plane array that acquires a 81,920 pixel image. For the latter, image contrast is assisted with statistical treatment and single pixel identification via discriminant multivariate pattern recognition that enables quantitative image analysis via pixel counting.
Simulation of Nonhomogeneous Poisson Processes by Thinning

Abstract : A simple and relatively efficient method for simulating one- dimensional and two-dimensional nonhomogeneous Poisson processes is presented. The method is applicable for any rate function and is based on controlled deletion of points in a Poisson process whose rate function dominates the given rate function. In its simplest implementation, the method obviates the need for numerical integration of the rate function, for ordering of points, and for generation of Poisson variates.
An inverse FEL autoaccelerator experiment

Abstract We report results from the Columbia FEL autoaccelerator system ( V = 800 kV , I = 200 A ) which is designed to test the principles of FEL stimulated absorption as a technique to accelerate electrons. High power radiation at 1.5 mm wavelength is developed along the first section of an undulator (40 cm long, period 1.4 cm, field 500 G) inside a resonator. The electron beam then traverses a second section of undulator (50 cm long, period tapered from 1.8 to 2.4 cm) where a fraction of the electrons is accelerated by stimulated absorption of the 1.5 mm wavelength power. The second section has very low gain and does not generate power on its own. We have found that as much as 80% of the power generated in the first section can be absorbed in the second section, providing the initial electron energy is chosen correctly with respect to the parameters of the second undulator section. Sidebands of the FEL power are not absorbed. An electron energy spectrometer is used to monitor the distribution of electron energies that are accelerated. We find that roughly 10% of the electrons are accelerated to as much as 1200 kV, in accordance with predictions from a numerical model. The appearance of the high energy electrons is correlated with an abrupt absorption of the FEL power. The autoaccelerator configuration is used because there is no intense source of power at 1.5 mm wavelength available other than the FEL.
Current sightings, at the respective type localities and elsewhere, ofPlanctomyces bekefii Gimesi 1924 andBlastocaulis sphaerica Henrici and Johnson 1935

Freshwater samples collected from the respective type localities ofPlanctomyces bekefii Gimesi 1924 (a pond in Budapest, Hungary) and ofBlastocaulis sphaerica Henrici and Johnson 1935 (Lake Alexander, Minnesota) provided material which coincuded with the ancient descriptions of these two aquatic microorganisms. AlthoughPlanctomyces bekefii was originally described as a fungus, both organisms are seen by transmission electron microscopy to be budding and nonprosthecately appendaged prokaryotes. Moreover, both are identical, insofar as identity can be demonstrated for such presently noncultivable bacteria solely by microscopic observations. This organism is widely distributed; populations occurring in aritificial ponds in Tempe, Arizona, provide—more conveniently for us than the materials from Hungary and Minnesota—samples for our further study, including attempts at isolation.
OUTBREAK OF PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS, TAIWAN

Taiwan had been free of major poliomyelitis outbreaks since 1975, but from May 29 to Oct 26, 1982, 1031 cases of type 1 paralytic poliomyelitis were reported to the Taiwan health authorities. Before the outbreak approximately 80% of infants had received at least 2 doses of trivalent oral poliovaccine (OPV) by their first birthday. Of the 86% of poliomyelitis patients whose vaccination status was known 65% had not had poliovaccine, 19% had received one dose, 8% had received two doses, and 8% had received three or more doses. Vaccine efficacy was calculated to be 82% after one dose, 96% after two doses, and 98% after three or more doses. Failure to vaccinate rather than vaccine failure was the most important risk factor in this outbreak. A child who had not had any vaccine was 80 times more likely to become a case than one who had received three or more doses of poliovaccine, independent of sanitation facilities at home. A child was 5 times more likely to become a case if he received water from non-municipal rather than municipal sources. Furthermore, for children who received municipal water, the risk was doubled if the family shared a toilet with at least one other family. This outbreak shows that major epidemics can occur in areas that have high overall community vaccination levels. Identification and vaccination of subpopulations with low coverage is essential for the control of poliomyelitis.
Radiation Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in the Presence or Absence of Sodium Erythorbate

: Listeria monocytogenes is a common contaminant of ready-to-eat meat products that can be eliminated by low dose ionizing radiation. Sodium erythorbate (SE), an antioxidant, is commonly included in cured meat emulsions or applied to the surfaces of cured meats as a solution prior to packaging. The radiation resistance (Dγ) of L. monocytogenes increased when suspended in SE solutions of 0.1% and greater. However, no differences in Dγ, which ranged from 0.67 kGy to 0.70 kGy, were observed when L. monocytogenes was inoculated onto cooked cured meat products (frankfurters or bologna slices) which contained no SE, 0.05% SE in the emulsion, or a 10% SE solution applied to the product surface. Surface antioxidant power of the cured meats did not reach a level sufficient to protect L. monocytogenes against the lethal effects of ionizing radiation. Therefore, the industrial practice of applying SE to the surfaces of cured meat products would not compromise the efficacy of irradiation as an antimicrobial process.
Of Prophets and Propaganda: An Exploration of Modern Christian Dispensationalism Using the Work of Martin Riesebrodt

Modern dispensationalism in the United States has been a thorny sociological problem. The sociodiscursive mechanism(s) by which dispensationalist preachers are able to propagate their message has yet to be determined. The theoretical work of Martin Riesebrodt, specifically his discussion of salvific demand, legitimation, and discursive and behavior-regulating practices, sheds light on Tim LaHaye and Jerry Jenkins’s best-selling Left Behind series and the equally popular dispensationalist writings of John Hagee. Dispensationalists create a demand for their message through the interpretation of current events using the apocalyptic lens of the dispensational scenario,which points to the imminence of the rapture and the global doom that will follow. As part of the propagandizing discourse (discursive practices) that promises escape from this cataclysm, dispensationalists preach a set of behavior-regulating practices that seek to constrain and control the actions of their adherents.
Correlates of DMS-III personality disorder in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Abstract Eighty-one patients with primary Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) completed the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ), a self-rating scale designed to assess Axis II personality disorders (PD) from DSM-III. Results showed that 37% of the patients received at least one PD diagnosis. The most frequent diagnosis was avoidant (26%), followed by paranoid (10%), schizotypal (10%), and histrionic (9%). Consideration of the personality traits irrespective of diagnostic category showed that patients exhibiting a greater number of personality traits were also significantly more symptomatic. However, anxiety symptoms were not selected as unique predictors of any personality variables in the regression analyses. Rather, the most important correlate of traits in general and of specific PD diagnoses was interpersonal sensitivity, as measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Less consistently related, but also important, was the Beck Depression Inventory, notably for Cluster C diagnoses. Further analysis led to the tentative suggestion that personality disorder in the sense of serious interpersonal dysfunction and unhappiness is most likely to occur when undue social anxiety, low self-confidence, and chronic feelings of emptiness or boredom accompany an avoidant lifestyle.
Tensile strength of the cement-bone interface depends on the amount of bone interdigitated with PMMA cement.

Abstract An experimental investigation was performed to (1) determine the general mechanical behavior and in particular, the post-yield behavior of the cement-bone interface under tensile loading, (2) determine where interface failure occurs, and (3) determine if the mechanical properties of the interface could be related to the density of bone at the interface and/or the amount of cement-bone interdigitation. Seventy-one cement-bone test specimens were machined from human proximal femurs that had been broached and cemented using contemporary cementing techniques. The amount of cement-bone interdigitation was documented and the quantitative computed tomography equivalent mineral density (QCT density) of the bone with cement was measured. Specimens were loaded to failure in tension under displacement control and exhibited linear elastic behavior with some reduction in stiffness until the peak tensile stress was reached (1.28 ± 0.79 MPa). A substantial amount of strain softening (negative tangent stiffness) with an exponential-type decay was found after the peak stress and continued until there was complete debonding of the specimens (at 0.93 ± 0.44 mm displacement). Interfacial failure most often occurred at the extent of cement penetration into the bone (56% of specimens) or with small spicules of cement left in the bone (38% of specimens). The results showed that the post-yield tensile behavior contributes substantially to the energy required to cause failure of the cement-bone interface, but the post-yield behavior was not well correlated with the amount of interdigitation or density of bone. Linear regression analysis revealed a moderate (r2 = 0.499, p
Delayed Treatment of a Traumatic Left Subclavian Artery Pseudoaneurysm

A 22-year-old man sustained 4 gunshot wounds to the upper torso resulting in left pneumothorax, an expanding right neck hematoma, left humerus fracture, a traumatic arteriovenous fistula from the right subclavian artery to the right brachiocephalic vein, and pseudoaneurysm formation from partial transection of the right subclavian artery. The patient underwent emergent repair of the confluence of the right internal jugular, subclavian and brachiocephalic veins, and laparotomy secondary to compartment syndrome. Seven weeks later, with the pseudoaneurysm enlarged to 6 cm, it was repaired with combined access via the right common femoral artery and right brachial artery. The pseudoaneurysm was covered with a 7 mm x 8 cm fluency-covered stent graft and postdilated with a 7 mm x 4 cm balloon. Postoperatively, the patient had palpable pulses, occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm, and excellent blood flow into the arm.
Wave Disturbances from the Comet SL-9 Impacts into Jupiter's Atmosphere

Abstract Wave disturbances due to the Shoemaker–Levy 9 (SL-9) cometary impacts into Jupiter's atmosphere have been simulated with a fully compressible (nonhydrostatic), time-dependent, nonlinear, axisymmetric, f-plane, finite difference computational scheme. Energy is released in a cylindrical region with a radius of 250 to 1000 km as suggested by models of the reentry of impact ejecta following the initial explosion. The model produces outward moving gravity waves at stratospheric altitudes with speeds and relative amplitudes in agreement with observations. The waves emerge from a cylindrical region of alternating inflow and outflow that extends high into the atmosphere in the main region of energy release. The disturbances originate as horizontally propagating waves at the periphery of this region, thereby providing an explanation for the observed large initial radius (∼450–700 km) of the main ring. The model results suggest that the waves are made visible by the inflow of particulate impact debris into outward moving rings of wave horizontal convergence. The inner edge of the extensive clear zone outside of the main dark ring may be the divergence phase of the leading fast wave. The results of this study remove the necessity to invoke a stable, water-rich, wave-trapping layer in Jupiter's atmosphere in order to understand the Comet SL-9 observations of dark wave-like rings expanding radially away from the impact sites.
Kinematics of Meshing Surfaces Using Geometric Algebra

As is well known, analysis of two surfaces in mesh plays a fundamental role in gear theory. In the past, special coordinate systems, vector algebra, or screw theory was used to analyze the kinematics of meshing. The approach here instead relies on geometric algebra, an extension of conventional vector algebra. The elegance of geometric algebra for theoretical developments is demonstrated by examining the so-called “equation of meshing,” which requires that the relative velocity of two bodies at a point of contact be perpendicular to the common surface normal vector. With surprisingly little effort, several alternative forms of the equation of meshing are generated and, subsequently, interpreted geometrically. Via straightforward algebraic manipulations, the results of screw theory and vector algebra are unified. Due to the simplicity with which complex geometric concepts are expressed and manipulated, the effort required to grasp the general three-dimensional meshing of surfaces is minimized.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Mechanically induced dewatering of ion-exchanged attapulgite flocculated by a high-molecular-weight polymer

Abstract As part of its mission to develop technology to insure a continuing supply of minerals, the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, is investigating a dewatering technique that facilitates disposal of phosphatic clay wastes. The technique involves flocculation by high-molecular-weight polyethylene oxide (PEO) and mechanical deformation of the flocs in a trommel to release water. Field tests in central Florida determined that the ion-exchange form of the clay wastes affect their dewaterability. For this reason, the effect of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum exchange ions on the dewaterability of attapulgite slurries was investigated for PEO of both 5 and 8 million molecular weights. An empirical relation A n = kC + b (1) was found which adequately reproduces A , the experimentally determined minimum amount of PEO required to dewater the clays from C , the concentration of the polymer solution used for dewatering. The values of n and k are determined empirically from data. The value of n is a function of the hydrated radius to charge ratio and the value of k is a function of the square of the ionic radius divided by the charge.
The effects of various thicknesses of chemical protective gloves on manual dexterity.

This study was conducted to determine the effects on manual dexterity of the thickness of handcovering. Twelve men were timed as they performed five dexterity tests while barehanded and while wearing each of three thicknesses of chemical protective gloves, 0·18 mm, 0·36 mm, and 0·64 mm. The subjects participated in 14 sessions held on consecutive weekdays. Analysis of the data from six sessions spanning the test period yielded significant main effects (p<0·001) of handwear and of session on all dexterity tests. Mean times were best with bare hands and poorest with the 0·64 mm gloves. Performance with the gloves improved over sessions to the extent that the results with gloves approached or surpassed performance levels achieved with the bare hands during the early sessions. Regression analyses carried out on the data from the last three sessions revealed a linear increase in times to test completion as a function of increases in thickness of the handcovering. The occurrence of damage to the gloves, in the ...
The early history of electronics III. Prehistory of radiotelegraphy

Before radiotelegraphy could become a reality, it had to he thought of; a workable detector of electromagnetic waves had to be discovered; and the results obtained by Hertz had to be disseminated to a wider audience. In earlier installments in this series, we saw how the work of Hertz and his predecessors had led an electrical engineer to ask whether waves could not be used for the transmission of power or of telephone messages. That suggestion had been made in private in 1889, but other, better-founded proposals began to find their way into public print almost immediately.
Effects of in vitro wear of machined and molded UHMWPE tibial inserts on TKR kinematics.

The effect of manufacturing process on the wear and mechanical performance of a total knee replacement (TKR) design was investigated with the use of a force-controlled knee joint simulator. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial inserts processed by direct compression molding from 1900H resin were compared to UHMWPE tibial inserts machined from a compression-molded sheet of GUR 1050. Both sets of components had the same posterior-cruciate-retaining geometry, and were identically aligned with cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy femoral components. Wear tests were conducted at a frequency of 1 Hz for 4 million cycles with the use of a standard walking cycle pattern. Implant kinematics, including anterior-posterior (AP) displacement and internal-external (IE) rotation in response to applied loads were monitored. Gravimetric wear, surface roughness, and surface morphology were used to characterize the wear process of the UHMWPE inserts. Results showed that the molded UHMWPE inserts exhibited less gravimetric wear over time than the machined inserts of the same design. Both the machined and molded components exhibited scratching, pitting, and burnishing over their wear areas. The AP displacement distance per cycle of the molded tibial inserts decreased over the course of testing, resulting in a shorter total testing displacement for this group compared to machined tibial inserts. Although AP displacement distance per cycle for machined tibial inserts did not change significantly over the course of testing, their position relative to the femoral components shifted posteriorly over time, resulting in an elongated wear track.
Aqueous liquid scintillation counting with fluor-containing nanosuspensions.

Abstract A microemulsion comprised of water, Brij 78, pentanol and styrene into which PPO and bis-MSB had been dissolved was prepared. Polymerization of the styrene resulted in a suspension of fluor-containing polystyrene nanoparticles ( 14 C with counting efficiencies over 50% of those of a commercially available scintillation cocktail. Monte Carlo calculations demonstrated that the size and concentration of the nanoparticles were appropriate for optimum detection efficiency.
Control of Crystal Size and Distribution of Zeolite A

In the present work, we have explored numerous ways of reducing the mean particle size of zeolite A, keeping the economic imperatives in mind. Efforts were directed toward reducing the crystallization time and having a narrower particle size distribution. In addition to the study of more conventional parameters, such as temperature, alkalinity, and water content, the effect of using microwaves, centrifuging, and ultrasonication was also explored. Highly localized temperatures of thousands of Kelvin and pressures of hundreds of atmospheres produced by ultrasonication were expected to disrupt the nucleation process in a manner that led to smaller crystals. Surprisingly, it was found that the application of ultrasonication did not lead to any decrease in particle size. The crystal morphologies obtained in the case of ultrasonication and stirring were completely different, which was rather unexpected. Subjecting the zeolite batch to short periods of microwave radiation led to a narrow particle size distributi...
Walther Rathenau: Weimar's Fallen Statesman. By Shulamit Volkov. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012. Pp. ix, 240. $25.00.)

According to this convincing new biography, Weimar foreign minister Walther Rathenau personified the strengths and struggles of the young German nation at the turn of the last century. Both Rathena...