cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient Cluster Breathing Associated With Anoxic Encephalopathy

A 75-year-old man sustained an out-of-hospital asystolic arrest, with return of spontaneous circulation after 5 minutes of chest compressions, norepinephrine, and sodium bicarbonate. Several hours later, he developed generalized myoclonus, resolving after the administration of midazolam, propofol, and fosphenytoin. After holding these medications on hospital day 2, the myoclonus did not return. Computed tomography revealed a chronic right parietal infarct, and a 2-hour electroencephalogram was invariant with burst suppression. Examination on days 1, 2, and 3 revealed coma with only a cough reflex present, and he was breathing over the set rate of the ventilator. On day 4, he lost his cough reflex and developed short bursts of rapid respirations consistent with cluster breathing (Figure 1), resolving the next day and subsequently requiring the ventilator to initiate respirations. Ultimately, palliative care was pursued, and the patient was terminally extubated and died on hospital day 6.
Spectral patterns and frequency response characteristics of arterial pressure in heart paced dogs

The role of heart rate in buffering and/or generating aortic pressure (AP) oscillations that occur at rest and in response to oscillatory blood volume shifts was studied. Six supine dogs with chronic AV blockade were used to examine: 1) resting HR and AP spectra when the ventricular rate was controlled by atrial depolarization (natural sinus rhythm); 2) resting AP and stroke volume (SV) spectra when the heart was AV sequentially paced at 60, 120, and 180 bpm before and after ganglionic blockade; and 3) the frequency response characteristics of AP and SV to whole-body sinusoidal acceleration (/spl plusmn/2g/sub 2/, 0.008-0.23 Hz) at each heart rate before and after ganglionic blockade. During atrial regulation of HR, the spectra of both AP and HR had dominant peaks located at the breathing frequency (0.2-0.4 Hz) and relatively smaller peaks centered at /spl sim/0.05 Hz. During constant heart rate pacing, the spectra of AP had a dominant component at /spl sim/0.05 Hz. The power of this component was: 1) larger than during atrial regulation, 2) increased with increasing pacing rate, and 3) abolished by ganglionic blockade. There was no effect of pacing rate or ganglionic blockade on SV spectra. During oscillatory acceleration, AP regulation in the heart paced dogs was frequency dependent. Regions of good regulation occurred below 0.016 Hz and above 0.1 Hz, and poor regulation between 0.035 and 0.075 Hz centered at /spl sim/0.05 Hz. The oscillations in the poor regulation region were enhanced by increased pacing rate. After ganglionic blockade, the frequency response of AP was primarily hydraulic (low-pass). The frequency response of SV had a neural component. It is concluded that: 1) resting AP fluctuations at respiratory frequencies resulted from respiration-linked HR variation; 2) the 0.05-Hz fluctuations in AP during rest and the poor regulation of AP at 0.05 Hz during acceleration resulted from a peripheral vascular response that lagged disturbances by /spl sim/10 s; 3) HR regulation was important in minimizing AP variation in the 0.05-Hz region both at rest and during oscillatory acceleration; and 4) inotropic control of SV was an important component of AP regulation during low-frequency acceleration. >
Let It Bleed: Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. v. United States - Adult Programming, Cable Television and the First Amendment - An Analytical Comment

Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. ("Playboy") and Graff Pay-Per-View, Inc. ("Graff"), challenged the constitutionality of § 505 of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 ("CDA" see infra) based primarily on the premise that the statute was not a narrowly tailored and least restrictive means of promoting the government's interests as well as under a statutory vagueness theory. The defendants in this action are the United States; the Federal Communications Commission (hereinafter, "FCC"); the United States Department of Justice; and the Attorney General of the United States, Janet Reno (collectively, "the government"). Playboy did not deny that almost all of their programming was to some degree sexually oriented, in contrast to other entertainment channels that less frequently display sexual scenes or programming, but contends that as their content is merely indecent and that the CDA's § 505 only addresses indecent content, it does not meet the strict scrutiny standard required for such content-based speech regulation, and as such, is unconstitutional under the First Amendment.
Abstract 328: ES1 Is A Novel Mitochondrial Protein Protecting The Heart Via Direct Regulation Of Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism

Defects in the myocardial energy metabolism have been linked to pathological cardiac hypertrophy and congestive heart failure. However, the regulation of myocardial energy metabolism remains obscure. ATP synthase is an enzyme complex in the mitochondria and plays a central role in energy metabolism. In this study, we identified ES1, a mitochondrial protein with unknown function, as a key determinant of myocardial energy metabolism via controlling ATP synthase activities. We uncovered that ES1 interacts with both α and β subunit of ATP synthase, and its expression levels in H9C2 cardiomyocytes were directly correlated to ATP synthesis and inversely to ATP hydrolysis. Cellular energetic analysis revealed that ES1 levels in H9C2 cardiomyocytes were directly correlated with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. ATP synthase activity assays revealed increased synthesis activities and decreased hydrolysis activities on cardiac mitochondria from a mouse line with Cre-LoxP mediated, tamoxifen inducible, cardiomyocyte-restricted ES1 overexpression (TM-ES1oe) compared with mice of tamoxifen-inducible Mer-Cre-Mer (TMCM). We induced ES1 overexpression in TM-ES1oe mice (3-month-old) 7 days after transverse aortic constriction(TAC) and compared with TMCM mice with identical treatment. Echocardiography assessment revealed a substantially improved Ejection fraction (EF%) and Fractional shortening (FS%) and diminished left ventricular hypertrophy in TM-ES1oe mice compared with TMCM mice. Sections of TM-ES1oe hearts stained with Masson’s Trichrome blue showed markedly decreased interstitial fibrosis compared with TMCM control. We have also generated an ES1 knockout line. ES1 knockout mice(3-month-old)showed cardiac dysfunction with decreased EF% and FS% under a basal condition. Transmission electron microscope examination revealed substantial loss of mitochondrial cristae structure on ES1 knockout hearts. These results indicate that ES1 protecting the heart by direct regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism. ES1 may be directly involved in pathological development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We suggest that ES1 is a potential therapeutic target in treating cardiomyopathy and other heart diseases.
Success, social comparison, and self-assessment: Parents' midlife evaluations of sons, daughters, and self

The literatures on sex-role socialization and social comparison theory were used to predict how parents would evaluate the life success of adult sons and daughters and how parents' assessments of themselves would be influenced by comparisons with these children. Although parents (N=215) did not report different levels of life success for 291 adult sons versus 251 adult daughters, parental well-being was more closely tied to assessments of sons' success. In addition, although parents' reported that both sons and daughters had exceeded their own life success, theparent-child comparison with daughters was the better predictor of parents' well-being. Findings are discussed in terms of parents' individual development, family processes at midlife, and cohort differences between parents and their children.
Concentrating and recycling energy in lanthanide codopants for efficient and spectrally pure emission: the case of NaYF4:Er3+/Tm3+ upconverting nanocrystals.

In lanthanide-doped materials, energy transfer (ET) between codopant ions can populate or depopulate excited states, giving rise to spectrally pure luminescence that is valuable for the multicolor imaging and simultaneous tracking of multiple biological species. Here, we use the case study of NaYF4 nanocrystals codoped with Er3+ and Tm3+ to theoretically investigate the ET mechanisms that selectively enhance and suppress visible upconversion luminescence under near-infrared excitation. Using an experimentally validated population balance model and using a path-tracing algorithm to objectively identify transitions with the most significant contributions, we isolated a network of six pathways that combine to divert energy away from the green-emitting manifolds and concentrate it in the Tm3+:3F4 manifold, which then participates in energy transfer upconversion (ETU) to populate the red-emitting Er3+:4F9/2 manifold. We conclude that the strength of this ETU process is a function of the strong coupling of the ...
Comparative positive political theory and empirics

No theoretical approach to American administrative law over the past 50 years has been as influential as Positive Political Theory (PPT). In its view, the private and institutional incentives of legislators, administrators, judges, and the executive largely determine administrative law on the ground. Its advocates have offered provocative and refreshingly cynical accounts of many of the discipline’s practices and doctrines, including its most central ones. Comparative administrative lawyers have now begun to apply PPT more broadly to explain differences among different jurisdictions’ administrative law regimes. This article seeks to test PPT by asking how well it explains one central doctrine in most administrative law systems: judicial review of agency discretion. PPT would predict that judicial review would become more searching the more divided a particular political system is. A presidential system like the US’s, for example, would apply much stricter review than a parliamentary system like the UK’s. The article looks at four different systems—those of the US, the UK, France, and Germany - to test whether this prediction holds. The article considers the formal doctrine in each system, commentators’ views on each system, and empirical evidence, where available, and concludes that PPT by itself does not well explain law on the ground. It also argues that some of PPT’s most prominent advocates have recognized this weakness and complicated the theory in a way that allows it to better explain how administrative law operates while causing the theory to lose much of its distinctiveness and interest.
EXPLORING THE DESIGN AND USE OF MOLECULAR ANIMATIONS THAT CONFLICT FOR UNDERSTANDING CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Understanding chemical reactions conceptually involves recognizing characteristics of observable phenomena and envisioning how atoms, ions and molecules move and interact to cause the macroscopic changes. Our research focuses on the development of effective strategies for designing and presenting visualizations (videos and animations) to assist students with making connections between macroscopic and molecular level behaviors of chemical reactions. Specifically, we study how students, who view videos of a redox reaction that exhibits obvious signs of macroscopic chemical change, can determine which molecular animation of a set of contrasting animations is best supported by its fit with experimental evidence. Herein we describe how we develop our videos and animations, and how students are learning from this animation task. Students who select inaccurate animation models are often enticed by a model that is easier to explain and fits with their understanding of reaction equations. We note that even though students indicate a preference for one animation over another, they often revise their drawn representations to fit with features from multiple animations. With the assistance of eye tracking research, we are gaining a better understanding of what students view and how they make sense of it.
231 Pa and 230 Th in the ocean model of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.3)

Abstract. The sediment 231Pa ∕ 230Th activity ratio is emerging as an important proxy for deep ocean circulation in the past. In order to allow for a direct model–data comparison and to improve our understanding of the sediment 231Pa ∕ 230Th activity ratio, we implement 231Pa and 230Th in the ocean component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). In addition to the fully coupled implementation of the scavenging behavior of 231Pa and 230Th with the active marine ecosystem module (particle-coupled: hereafter p-coupled), another form of 231Pa and 230Th have also been implemented with prescribed particle flux fields of the present climate (particle-fixed: hereafter p-fixed). The comparison of the two forms of 231Pa and 230Th helps to isolate the influence of the particle fluxes from that of ocean circulation. Under present-day climate forcing, our model is able to simulate water column 231Pa and 230Th activity and the sediment 231Pa ∕ 230Th activity ratio in good agreement with available observations. In addition, in response to freshwater forcing, the p-coupled and p-fixed sediment 231Pa ∕ 230Th activity ratios behave similarly over large areas of low productivity on long timescales, but can differ substantially in some regions of high productivity and on short timescales, indicating the importance of biological productivity in addition to ocean transport. Therefore, our model provides a potentially powerful tool to help the interpretation of sediment 231Pa ∕ 230Th reconstructions and to improve our understanding of past ocean circulation and climate changes.
GaN terahertz photodetectors for the reststrahlen gap of intersubband optoelectronics

Terahertz intersubband photodetectors are developed based on GaN/AlGaN quantum wells grown on a semi-polar GaN substrate, covering the frequency range that is fundamentally inaccessible to existing III-V semiconductor devices due to Reststrahlen absorption.
Cancer Survivorship Care Plan Utilization and Impact on Clinical Decision-Making at Point-of-Care Visits with Primary Care: Results from an Engineering, Primary Care, and Oncology Collaborative for Survivorship Health

Every cancer survivor and his/her primary care provider should receive an individualized survivorship care plan (SCP) following curative treatment. Little is known regarding point-of-care utilization at primary care visits. We assessed SCP utilization in the clinical context of primary care visits. Primary care physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs) who had seen survivors following provision of an SCP were identified. Eligible primary care physicians and APPs were sent an online survey, evaluating SCP utilization and influence on decision-making at the point-of-care, accompanied by copies of the survivor’s SCP and the clinic note. Eighty-eight primary care physicians and APPs were surveyed November 2016, with 40 (45%) responding. Most respondents (60%) reported discussing cancer or related issues during the visit. Information needed included treatment (66%) and follow-up visits, and the cancer team was responsible for (58%) vs primary care (58%). Respondents acquired this information by asking the patient (79%), checking oncology notes (75%), the SCP (17%), or online resources (8%). Barriers to SCP use included being unaware of the SCP (73%), difficulty locating it (30%), and finding needed information faster via another mechanism (15%). Despite largely not using the SCP for the visit (90%), most respondents (61%) believed one would be quite or very helpful for future visits. Most primary care visits included discussion of cancer or cancer-related issues. SCPs may provide the information necessary to deliver optimal survivor care but efforts are needed to reduce barriers and design SCPs for primary care use.
Global behavior for the classical Nicholson–Bailey model

Abstract This article investigates the global asymptotic behavior of the classical Nicholson–Bailey model [6] for λ > 1 . In particular, it is shown that the Nicholson–Bailey model has no periodic solutions in the first quadrant other than the fixed point ( x ¯ , y ¯ ) and that all non-trivial solutions in the first quadrant are unbounded.
Factors Related to the Probable PTSD after the 9/11 World Trade Center Attack among Asian Americans.

Despite the fact that Asians constituted a sizeable proportion of those exposed to the World Trade Center attack on September 11, 2001 due to its proximity to Chinatown and many South Asians working in the nearby buildings, no study had focused on examining the mental health impact of the attack in this group. Based on data collected by the World Trade Center Health Registry from a sample of 4721 Asians 2–3 years after the disaster, this study provides a baseline investigation for the prevalence and the risk and protective factors for PTSD among Asian Americans directly exposed to the attack and compared this population against 42,862 non-Hispanic Whites. We found that Asians had a higher prevalence of PTSD compared to Whites (14.6 vs 11.7%). “Race-specific factors” significantly associated to PTSD in the multivariate analyses were noted among sociodemographics: higher education was protective for Whites but a risk factor for Asians; being employed was protective for Whites but had no effect for Asians; and being an immigrant was a risk factor for Whites but had no effect for Asians. However, income was a protective factor for both races. Other “universal factors” significantly increased the odds of PTSD symptoms but showed no racial differences, including exposure to the disaster and the presence of lower respiratory symptoms which intensified odds of PTSD by the greatest magnitude (3.6–3.9 times). Targeted effort to reach out to Asians is essential for prevention and follow up treatment given this group’s striking history of underutilization of mental health services.
The need to support caregivers during pediatric bone marrow transplantation (BMT): A case report.

Author(s): Mangurian, Christina; Packman, Wendy; Riano, Nicholas S; Kearney, Julia | Abstract: ABSTRACTObjective:Pediatric bone marrow transplants represent a medically stressful, potentially traumatic experience for children and caregivers, and psychological support for parental caregivers is paramount to their long-term well-being. However, many medical centers do not have protocols in place to sustain caregiver well-being during these distressing experiences.MethodWe report on a case of a 10-month-old infant with Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome who was hospitalized for bone marrow transplantation.ResultWe describe the significant burden that fell upon caregivers during and after a bone marrow transplantation.Significance of resultsThis case helped guide our suggestions to improve care for caregivers. Several logistical hurdles could be overcome to alleviate some of these burdens. We suggest that a child psychologist or psychiatrist should be on patient care teams and be attentive to parental stress, impairments, or impediments to self-care, and signs of emergency of mental illness in this setting of medical trauma. Additionally, promotion of sleep hygiene and linkage to support systems can maximize resiliency. Finally, we believe that hospital administrators should partner with clinicians to facilitate routine support during highly stressful transitions of care.
Photosensitization-induced retinopathy in the newborn beagle.

Purpose Photosensitization is a mechanism by which oxygen and light may interact to generate free radicals capable of tissue injury. It has been proposed as a possible etiologic mechanism in the development of retinopathy of prematurity. The authors report the effects of light exposure and a photosensitizer, rose bengal (RB), on the developing retina of the beagle puppy. Methods Seven purebred beagle puppies (2 or 7 days old) were given RB (7.5 mg/ml) intravenously (0.9 ml bolus followed by a 74 microliters/min constant infusion), and one eye was exposed to filtered light delivered by a modified slit lamp at 30 mW/cm2 for 5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 minutes. The fellow eye was not irradiated and served as an RB-only control. Three beagles were exposed to light (one eye only) for 15 to 120 minutes in the absence of RB to provide light-only and no-treatment control eyes. Animals were followed clinically by indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography, and eyes were processed for light microscopy. Results Clinical and/or histologic abnormalities were found in all seven eyes exposed to light in the presence of rose bengal, as follows: vitreous hemorrhage in four eyes, incomplete peripheral retinal vascularization in four eyes, fibrovascular/fibrocellular proliferation with traction on the retina in two eyes (including preretinal neovascularization in one eye), total or partial retinal detachment in two eyes, dilated peripheral vessels compatible with shunt vessels in one eye, retinal dysplasia with loss of normal architecture and formation of rosettes in five eyes. All 13 control eyes showed normal, complete retinal vascularization. Conclusions The failure to progress to the end-stage tractional retinal detachment seen in human infants is a shortcoming of existing animal models. Photosensitization injury to the developing retina in this animal model can produce a spectrum of retinal pathology that includes extraretinal vascularization and subsequent retinal detachment.
Langmuir-Blodgett Films: Past, Present and Future

Research activities on organic thin films of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayers and multilayers are continuously increasing because of expectations for applications and this active field is reviewed. After a brief historical discussion, a number of surface science techniques and examples are presented. These include infrared spectroscopy, waveguide Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near edge x-ray fine structure, scanning tunneling microscopy, diffraction and reflectivity, and nonlinear optical measurements. New compounds have been made for assemblies and their stability is being investigated by melting, by other effects from thermal and chemical changes and by measurements of friction. In the future we anticipate further applications for LB monolayers and monolayer assembles. Optoelectronic devices and sensors are possibilities and patterning of structures at small dimensions seems likely. Much interest still continues for molecularly based electronics. Recent examples are molecular diodes and pyroelectric infrared detectors. Others will, no doubt, follow from the current activity.
Facile, scalable, regioselective synthesis of C3v C60H18 using organic polyamines.

Organic polyamines are efficient reagents for the regioselective hydrogenation of [60]fullerene. When [60]fullerene is heated in diethylenetriamine, a known C60H18 isomer with C3v symmetry is produ...
On the Numerical Implementation of a Perturbation Method for Satellite Gravity Mapping

In 2008 P. Xu (Celest Mech Dyn Astron, 100:231–249) proposed a strictly kinematic perturbation method for determining the Earth’s gravitational field from continuous satellite tracking. The main idea is to process orbital arcs of arbitrary length, thus minimizing superfluous parameter estimation associated with stitching together short-arc solutions, and at the same time formulating the problem in terms of standard linear parameter estimation. While the original formulation appears mathematically robust, its nested quadruple along-track integrations are computationally challenging. We reduce the formulation to double integrals and show that the method is numerically not feasible as originally envisaged. On the other hand, by abandoning the rigorous Gauss-Markov formalism, we show the numerical feasibility of processing multiple-day orbital arcs. The methodology lends itself to high-low and low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking, or combinations thereof, as for GRACE-like systems.
Didgeridoo Sound Meditation for Stress Reduction and Mood Enhancement in Undergraduates: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundCollege students report feeling frequently stressed, which adversely impacts health. Meditation is one effective method for reducing stress, but program length and required effort are pot...
Theranostic Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed cell-selective cancer therapy with enormous potential for treating cancer in a variety of ways. NIR-PIT not only kills cancer cells, but can also eliminate other unfavorable cells including cancer stem cells and immune-suppressor cells, among others, without damaging favorable cells such as immune cells, vascular cells and tissue stem cells. This technique can efficiently activate anti-tumor host immunity in a way that can even cure untreated distant metastasis.
“A Nice Morality” (1771–1798)

Diplomatic tensions between England, France and America frame the earliest examples of Yankee awareness of the “Persian religion” and its latter-day adherents. The period begins with the publication of Anquetil-Duperron’s French translation of Avestan and Middle Persian Zoroastrian texts, which provided the first European access to ancient Indo-Iranian languages. This work, recommended by Benjamin Franklin in London to a colleague in Rhode Island, galvanized the process of rounding out the intellectual map to the other, “eastern,” half of the world. After the formal recognition of the United States as an independent country in 1783, American ships began to sail to India. An actual meeting between a Parsi broker and Yankee merchant mariner is first documented in 1788. Subsequent correspondence, bills of sale and newspaper adverts record the establishing of business relations between Bombay and New England that soon extended to China.
Kicking the Can Down the Road - When Medical Schools Fail to Self-Regulate.

Kicking the Can Down the Road Every spring, U.S. medical schools graduate some students who should not be allowed to become doctors. Despite multiple incentives for promoting, and barriers to dismi...
Incidence of CXCR4 tropism and CCR5-tropic resistance in treatment-experienced participants receiving maraviroc in the 48-week MOTIVATE 1 and 2 trials:

Maraviroc blocks HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells by interrupting the interaction between viral gp120 and cell-surface CCR5. Resistance to CCR5 antagonist–mediated inhibition can develop by unmasking pr...
Imaging Special Nuclear Material using a Handheld Dual Particle Imager

A compact radiation imaging system capable of detecting, localizing, and characterizing special nuclear material (e.g. highly-enriched uranium, plutonium…) would be useful for national security missions involving inspection, emergency response, or war-fighters. Previously-designed radiation imaging systems have been large and bulky with significant portions of volume occupied by photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The prototype imaging system presented here uses silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) in place of PMTs because SiPMs are much more compact and operate at low power and voltage. The SiPMs are coupled to the ends of eight stilbene organic scintillators, which have an overall volume of 5.74 × 5.74 × 7.11 cm3. The prototype dual-particle imager's capabilities were evaluated by performing measurements with a 252Cf source, a sphere of 4.5 kg of alpha-phase weapons-grade plutonium known as the BeRP ball, a 6 kg sphere of neptunium, and a canister of 3.4 kg of plutonium oxide (7% 240Pu and 93% 239Pu). These measurements demonstrate neutron spectroscopic capabilities, a neutron image resolution for a Watt spectrum of 9.65 ± 0.94° in the azimuthal direction and 22.59 ± 5.81° in the altitude direction, imaging of gamma rays using organic scintillators, and imaging of multiple sources in the same field of view.
Neuroscience: A Chromatic Retinal Circuit Encodes Sunrise and Sunset for the Brain

Summary A new study reveals the retinal circuit for encoding the types of light prominent at sunrise and sunset. The output of that circuit is conveyed to the brain’s master circadian clock. Subconscious processing of sky color changes may therefore be the key stimulus for conveying morning and evening information to the circadian timing system in the brain.
Ransoming Russians from Tatars: Justification and Practice

The early modern Russian government and Russian Orthodox Church identified as one of their main duties the ransoming of Russian Christians from Muslim Tatar captors. The process of ransoming could be an involved one with negotiations being carried on by different agents and by the potential ransomees themselves. Different amounts of ransom were paid on a sliding scale depending upon the ransomee’s social status, gender, and age. One of our main sources for the justification of this practice was the Stoglav (100 Chapters) Church Council in 1551, which discussed the issue of ransom in some detail. The Law Code (Ulozhenie) of 1649 specifies the conditions and amounts to be paid to redeem captives. Church writers justified the ransoming of Christian captives of the Muslim Tatars by citing Scripture, and they also specified that the government should pay the ransom out of its own treasury.
Robust Access Point Deployment and Adaptive User Assignment for Indoor Millimeter Wave Networks

Millimeter wave (mmW) systems typically use beamforming techniques to compensate for the high pathloss. However, directional communications in the presence of uncertainty in user equipment (UE) locations and channel conditions make maintaining coverage and connectivity challenging. In this context, assuming that mmW access points (APs) use low complexity fixed directional antennas, we propose a joint optimization framework for AP deployment and UE assignment in indoor mmW networks. The goal of our optimization framework is to determine the minimum number of required APs, their optimal locations, their optimal beam directions, and their optimal assignments to individual UEs in order to ensure network-wide coverage and maximize the stability of mmW beams assigned to individual UEs. The network deployment decisions (i.e., the required number of APs, their placements, and their beam directions) are static and are taken before UE locations and channel conditions are revealed. The UE assignment decisions are taken under each realization of UE locations and channel conditions considering the availability and stability of the mmW beams. Our numerical results demonstrate the behavior of the proposed framework under various UE distributions and system parameters.
MOCVD growth of β-phase (AlxGa1−x)2O3 on ( 2 ¯01) β-Ga2O3 substrates

β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin films are grown on ( 2 ¯01) β-Ga2O3 substrates via metal organic chemical vapor deposition to investigate the solubility of Al in β-phase Ga2O3. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra reveal crystalline quality ( 2 ¯01) β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin films with Al compositions up to 48%. The Al compositions are further confirmed by high resolution x-ray spectroscopy measurements and energy-dispersive x-ray spectra (EDS) mapping. The bandgap energies extracted from XPS spectra range between 5.20 ± 0.06 eV and 5.72 ± 0.08 eV for x = 21%–48%. The surface morphology evaluated by both scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy shows elongated features with granules along the [010] direction, which are suppressed with the increasing Al content. A systematic growth study through tuning growth parameters indicates that the chamber pressure plays an important role in both surface morphology and Al incorporation. Material characterization via high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and STEM-EDS reveals Al fluctuations in the sample with the 48% Al composition. Atomic resolution STEM imaging and XRD spectra for ( 2 ¯01) β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 superlattice structures confirm that the periodicity of the β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 sub-layers is well maintained with high-Al compositions.
Recent Developments of the Space Exploration Synthetic Aperture Radar (SESAR) for Planetary Science Missions

The Space Exploration Synthetic Aperture Radar (SESAR) is a P-band radar instrument for planetary applications being developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). This radar will enable unprecedented surface and near-subsurface measurements of planetary bodies including the Moon, Mars, and asteroids. The radar will measure full polarimetry at meter-scale resolution while featuring a low power, lightweight, beamforming design, specifically developed to meet stringent requirements of planetary instruments. The ongoing prototype development is maturing the SESAR technology for upcoming planetary mission opportunities.
Immunological activity of cytochrome c. I. Precipitating antibodies to monomeric vertebrate cytochromes c.

Abstract The production of antibodies by rabbits in response to monomeric preparations of human, Macaca mulatta, and horse cytochromes c, incorporated in complete Freund's adjuvant, is described. These antibodies precipitate with the monomeric homologous antigens, whereas no such precipitates occurred with antisera elicited by monomeric preparations of the kangaroo (Macropus canguru), turkey, and tuna proteins, or by preparations of these last two cytochromes c conjugated to acetylated bovine γ-globulin. The most potent immunogen was the human protein and the antibodies elicited were shown to be associated with the γG-globulin fraction of serum. The cross-reactions of the three precipitating antisera with the cytochromes c from 25 different eukaryotic species were studied by quantitative complement fixation and by competition of unlabeled heterologous antigen with 125I-labeled homologous antigen for its combination with antibody. Cytochromes c from different species which have identical amino acid sequences cannot be distinguished immunologically. With some antisera there is a rough correlation between the number of differences in primary structure among various cytochromes c and the homologous antigen and the extent of their immunological cross-reactivity. Some antisera do not distinguish between cytochromes c of different amino acid sequences. For those cytochromes c which differ by single residues, the immunological distinction may vary from very minor to major. In a small globular protein such as cytochrome c, the effects of amino acid substitutions on antigenic properties can serve to identify and characterize antigenic determinants.
Robust control for microgravity vibration isolation with parametric uncertainty

Many space-science experiments need an active isolation system to provide a sufficiently quiescent microgravity environment. Modern control methods provide the potential for both high-performance and robust stability in the presence of parametric uncertainties that are characteristic of microgravity vibration isolation systems. This paper compares microgravity vibration isolation control system designs using H/sub 2/ and H/sub /spl infin// methods on the basis of nominal performance and robustness to parametric uncertainties.
Organizational equilibrium and organizational change

Abstract This article contrasts traditional models of MNE organizational design against newer models, represented by transnationalism and heterarchy. The important characteristics are fundamentally different. Traditional models tend to be models of equilibrium, while the newer models are largely models of change. With the intent of reconciling the two theories, it is argued that the new change-oriented models are most applicable at the micro levels of MNEs, while traditional equilibrium models are more applicable at the macro levels.
Functional Literacy of Young Guyanese Adults.

Functional literacy is interpreted as the ability of the individual to apply skills in reading, writing, calculation and basic problem-solving in those activities in which literacy is required for effective functioning in his/her own group and community. The paper describes the rationale, development and administration of the test used for measuring levels (high, moderate, low) of achievement in functional literacy in three domains (document, prose and quantitative). An assumption of the study was that a high level of functional literacy was required for the individual to function effectively in his/her own group and community. The context of the study is Guyana the most underdeveloped and impoverished country in the English-speaking Caribbean. The subjects are out of school youth in Guyana aged 14–25.
Framework-Based Teaching of IFRS: The Case of Deutsche Bank

This case applies the teaching approach ‘from objective to concepts to principles and rules’ in analyzing the provisions of IFRS 1:First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards...
Acyl Carrier Protein XV. STUDIES OF β-KETOACYL-ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN SYNTHETASE

β-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthetase catalyzes the chain elongation step of fatty acid biosynthesis, the condensation of fatty acyl-ACP with malonyl-ACP yielding β-ketoacyl-ACP, CO2, and ACP. This enzyme catalyzes two additional reactions, fatty acyl-CoA-ACP transacylation and the decarboxylation of malonyl-ACP to form acetyl-ACP and CO2. Both the β-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase and the fatty acyl-CoA-ACP transacylase reactions are inhibited by low levels of iodoacetamide, and this inhibition can be prevented by a prior incubation of the enzyme with fatty acyl-CoA compounds that are substrates in the transacylase reaction. These inhibition experiments suggest that the fatty acyl-ACP and fatty acyl-CoA may have a common site on the enzyme. The malonyl-ACP decarboxylase reaction is only partially inhibited by iodoacetamide. The findings presented help to explain the fatty acyl-CoA-dependent malonyl-CoA-14CO2 exchange reaction catalyzed by β-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase.
Neutron Diffraction Analysis of Biological Structures

The advantageous use of neutron diffraction for the determination of biological structures is discussed. Differences between × ray and neutron diffraction are used to obtain structural information on membranes. The 2.0 A neutron diffraction analysis of myoglobin is described stressing the general advantages of neutron diffraction. At the end, a brief description of a novel “data collection” scheme using a “Laue” type technique is given. Die Vorteile, die die Neutronenbeugung bei der Bestimmung biologischer Strukturen bietet, werden diskutiert. Aus den Unterschieden zwischen Rontgen- und Neutronenbeugung werden Aussagen uber die Struktur von Membranen gewonnen. Die 2 A-Neutronenbeugungs-analyse von Myoglobin wird beschrieben; dabei werden die allgemeinen Vorzuge der Neutronenbeugung besonders hervorgehoben. Zum Schlus wird ein neuartiges Schema zur Datensammlung bei Benutzung der Laue-Methode kurz erlautert.
The Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron: Construction of a massive nuclear research machine requires ideas, men, and methods from many fields.

The Brookhaven AGS, a 25-Bev proton synchrotron, is described briefly, and the principal physical ideas involved are outlined. The organization, precision, and range of special technologies involved in this project are given. (T.B.A.)
Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease of the kidney and coexistent poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Abstract We present a case of a patient who was initially diagnosed with poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma on prostate needle core biopsy. Upon staging workup, a computed tomographic scan showed a 9-cm left renal mass involving mainly the pelvicalyceal system. Positron emission tomographic scan showed increased uptake in para-aortic, paracaval, and retrocaval lymph nodes suspicious for metastatic disease. Left nephrectomy revealed involvement with extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease. Lymphadenectomy revealed metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma; however, the lymph nodes did not show evidence of Rosai-Dorfman disease. Isolated involvement of the kidney by Rosai-Dorfman disease is very rare. The combination of prostatic adenocarcinoma and isolated extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease of the kidney makes this case unique.
Activation and retrograde transport of protein kinase G in rat nociceptive neurons after nerve injury and inflammation.

Abstract Nerve injury elicits both universal and limited responses. Among the former is regenerative growth, which occurs in most peripheral neurons, and among the latter is the long-term hyperexcitability that appears selectively in nociceptive sensory neurons. Since positive injury signals communicate information from the site of an injury to the cell body, we hypothesize that a nerve injury activates both universal and limited positive injury signals. Studies in Aplysia indicate that protein kinase G is a limited signal that is responsible for the induction of long-term hyperexcitability. Given that long-term hyperexcitability contributes to chronic pain after axotomy in rodent neuropathic pain models, we investigated its underlying basis in the rat peripheral nervous system. Using biochemical assays, Western blots, and immunocytochemistry we found that the Type 1α protein kinase G is the predominant isoform in the rat periphery. It is present primarily in axons and cell bodies of nociceptive neurons, including populations that are isolectin B4-positive, isolectin B4-negative, and those that express transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1. Surprisingly, protein kinase G is not present in the facial nerve, which overwhelmingly contains axons of motor neurons. Crushing the sciatic nerve or a cutaneous sensory nerve activates protein kinase G in axons and results in its retrograde transport to the neuronal somata in the DRG. Preventing the activation of protein kinase G by injecting Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS into the crush site abolished the transport. The protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-8-pCPT-cAMPS had no effect. Extracellular signal-related kinases 42/44 are also activated and transported after nerve crush, but in both motor and sensory axons. Chronic pain has been linked to long-term hyperexcitability following a nerve inflammation in several rodent models. We therefore injected complete Freund’s adjuvant into the hindpaw to induce an inflammation and found that protein kinase G was activated in the sural nerve and transported to the DRG. In contrast, the extracellular signal-related kinases in the sensory axons were not activated by the complete Freund’s adjuvant. These studies support the idea that the extracellular signal-related kinases are universal positive axonal signals and that protein kinase G is a limited positive axonal signal. They also establish the association between protein kinase G, the induction of long-term hyperexcitability, and chronic pain in rodents.
Injury-induced neurogenesis: consideration of resident microglia as supportive of neural progenitor cells

The induction of neurogenesis in the adult subgranular zone (SGZ) by injury is often accompanied by changes in the extracellular environment that can have significant impacts on neural progenitor cells (NPCs). We examined the induction of neurogenesis in the SGZ at 72 h following an injection of the hippocampal toxicant, trimethyltin (TMT; 2 mg/kg, ip) inducing apoptosis in dentate granule neurons. BrdU+ incorporation during the active period of neuronal death indicated NPC proliferation and migration of newly generated cells into the granule cell layer (GCL). BrdU+ cells were transiently in contact with process bearing microglia within the inner SGZ layer. Contact with GFAP+ astrocyte processes occurred once cells were within the GCL. A small percentage of the BrdU+ cells within the SGZ region showed immunoreactivity for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) p75 receptor (TNFp75R). In mice deficient for TNFp75R, TMT injection produced an equivalent level of dentate granule cell death however; BrdU+ cells were localized at the SGZ as compared to the presence of cells within the GCL in the WT mice dosed with TMT. These data suggest that cells generated by NPCs in the SGZ induced with a focal lesion to the dentate granule neurons of adolescent mice maintain the capacity to utilize the neuroinflammation and microglia responses within their environment for migration into the GCL.
Accuracy of a Ratio-Estimation Method to Set Maximum Acceptable Weights in Lifting Tasks

This study examined the accuracy with which trained and conditioned females could set Maximum Acceptable Weights (MAWs) using ratio estimation. Examined were two lifting ranges, floor-to-knuckle and knuckle-to-shoulder, and four lift frequencies (lifts every 9-, 20-, 60-, and 120-seconds). In each of the eight conditions subjects set the MAW using the method of adjustment. Immediately after the MAW had been set, the task was changed, performed for a few cycles, and rated using ratio estimation. This rating was used to establish an estimated MAW for the second lifting task. On a later day, the MAW was set for the second task using the method of adjustment and the MAW for the original task estimated with ratio estimation. This allowed comparison of the accuracy of MAWs set by psychophysical and ratio estimation methods as affected by the frequency and lifting zone of the standard task. Consistent with previous research there were significant effects on the MAW due to frequency of lift and the lift range. Al...
The Pulmonary Side of Reflux Disease: from Heartburn to Lung Fibrosis

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder in the USA. Heartburn is the symptom most commonly associated with this disease, and the highly commercialized medical treatment directed toward relief of this symptom represents a 10-billion-dollar-per-year industry. Unfortunately, there is often little awareness that GERD can be potentially a lethal disease as it can cause esophageal cancer. Furthermore, there is even less awareness about the relationship between GERD and respiratory disorders with the potential for severe morbidity and even mortality.
Turning of Basal Plane Dislocations During Epitaxial Growth on 4° off-axis 4H-SiC

Epitaxial layers were grown on 4° off-axis 4H-SiC substrates by hot-wall chemical vapor deposition. The reduced off-cut angle resulted in lower basal plane dislocation (BPD) densities. The dependence of BPD reduction on growth conditions was investigated using ultraviolet photoluminescence (UVPL) imaging. With this method, it was found that the dislocations were converting to threading edge dislocations throughout the thickness of the film. A high (≥ 97%) conversion efficiency was found for all films grown with this orientation. A conversion of 100% was achieved for several films without pre-growth treatments or growth interrupts.
Direct measurement of temperature-dependent solvation forces between DNA double helices

The assembly of double stranded DNA helices with divalent manganese ion is favored by increasing temperature. Direct force measurements, obtained from the osmotic stress technique coupled with x-ray diffraction, show that the force characteristics of spontaneously precipitated Mn(2+)-DNA closely resemble those observed previously by us for other counterion condensed DNA assemblies. At temperatures below the critical one for spontaneous assembly, we have quantitated the changes in entropy and manganese ion binding associated with the transition from repulsive to attractive interactions between helices mediated by osmotic stress. The release of structured water surrounding the DNA helix to the bulk solution is the most probable source of increased entropy after assembly. Increasing the water entropy of the bulk solution by changing the manganese salt anion from CI- to ClO4- predictably and quantitatively increases the transition entropy. This is further evidence for the dominating role of water in the close interaction of polar surfaces.
Sequence accuracy of large DNA sequencing projects

Very little information has been accumulated regarding the likely accuracy of final or consensus DNA sequence data. With the large-scale efforts anticipated for the Human Genome Project, the subjective determination of final sequence must eventually be replaced with more objective, automatic methods. This will require a much better understanding of the nature of error in raw sequencing data and its impact on the determination of the final sequence. This paper describes a start at defining the error model of large-scale sequencing efforts based on random subcloning strategies.