cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling Method of Automobile Manufacturing MIS Based on UML

The paper makes use of UML(Unified Modeling Language) to fulfill the analysis and design of automobile manufacturing MIS in the light of the manufacturing process of current automobile manufacturing enterprises and the advanced production logistics technology.
Comparison of impression techniques for a two-implant 15-degree divergent model.

To consistently provide passively fitting implant superstructures, an understanding of the accuracy and precision of all phases of fabrication and connection is required. The initial phase of fabrication, ie, impression making and cast forming, was investigated in an earlier report for a mandibular five-implant model. The current study evaluates the accuracy of working casts produced from impressions using two different transfer copings in a 15-degree divergent two-implant posterior mandibular model. While the indirect method is less cumbersome to use, it was found to be less accurate in the prior study. The purpose of this study was to see if the direct method is more precise for this clinical situation. A transfer was deemed effective in producing experimental casts if distances between specified points on the cast agreed with the corresponding distances on the master cast. The absolute value of the difference in distances between experimental and master casts was compared for the two techniques (two-sample t tests). No significant differences were noted (P > .05), and the power of the tests ranged from 0.70 to 0.96 against the one-sided hypothesis that the direct method had a smaller mean absolute difference in distance than the indirect method. This suggests no clear advantage in using the direct method in similar clinical situations. Comparison of these findings to other impression accuracy studies is made.
The General Theory

The foregoing survey of the factors that shaped Keynes’s consciousness should by now have put us in that ‘sympathetic’ frame of mind, which, according to Keynes, is the precondition for understanding a work like The General Theory. At the very least we should appreciate the fact that the man was singular, idiosyncratic, eccentric and that the intellectual forces shaping his mind were not the ones impinging on the average contemporary scholar. We should therefore not be surprised to find some of his economic ideas ‘peculiar’ and even ‘outlandish’. Let us review the main peculiarities of Keynes’s consciousness and of the forces that helped shape it.
Gram Scale Synthesis of Benzophenanthroline and Its Blue Phosphorescent Platinum Complex

The design, synthesis, and characterization of 12-phenylbenzo[f][1,7]phenanthroline, Bzp, is reported. Its use as a fluorine-free ligand for sky blue phosphorescence is demonstrated in a cyclometalated platinum complex, BzpPtDpm. BzpPtDpm phosphoresces at the same wavelength as its analogous 4,6-difluorophenylpyridine complex at both room temperature (466 nm) and 77 K (458 nm). Finally, production of a conformationally restricted derivative of BzpPtDpm with greatly increased quantum yield (46%) validates the versatility of the synthetic route.
Microbiology of the Rumen

The rumen, or more appropriately the reticulo-rumen, is a large chamber (50–100 l capacity in adult cattle) in which the ingested feed is first subjected to microbial digestion. The rumen is an ideal microbial habitat because the conditions that exist are conducive for the survival and growth of microorganisms. The temperature remains relatively constant (36–40°). Water the animal drinks and the only exocrine secretion that rumen receives, saliva, provide a moist environment required for microbial growth. Ingested food provides the energy and other nutrients needed for microbial growth and activity. Normal reticulo-ruminal motility (peristalsis and antiperistalsis) helps mix the contents, which brings microbes into contact with fresh substrate. The end products of fermentation are removed by absorption (acids) into the blood or eructation (gases). Absorption coupled with the buffering effect provided by salivary secretions help regulate ruminal pH.
Pathways from Childhood Adversity to Problem Behaviors in Young Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Adolescents’ Future Expectations

Adverse childhood experiences and pessimistic future expectations about college attendance or mortality are established risk factors for problem behaviors among youth. Data were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 14,800; 49 % female). Participants were 11–17-years-old at baseline and 24–32-years-old at outcome. Adolescents’ college expectations and fatalistic expectations mediated the effect of childhood adversity on violent behavior in young adulthood. Neither college nor fatalistic expectations were significant mediators in models predicting substance use and nonviolent antisocial behaviors. Although observed mediational effect sizes were small, they survived models that included multiple controls designed to rule-out alternative explanations. Intervening on adversity-exposed adolescents’ college and fatalistic expectations may reduce risk for violent behaviors.
Good teaching for good research

For as long as I can remember, the major research universities in the US have repeated the mantra that "good research makes good teaching". When challenged about the need for investment in research personnel or facilities by those who think a university's proper role is to educate undergraduates, university administrators often claim that the institution's best researchers are also its best teachers. They say that researchers at the cutting edge of their disciplines are better able to provide insight and challenges to their students.
Impact of online patient reminders to improve asthma care: A randomized controlled trial.

Importance Asthma is one of the most burdensome chronic illnesses in the US. Despite widespread dissemination of evidence-based guidelines, more than half of the adults with asthma have uncontrolled symptoms. Objective To examine the efficacy of an online tool designed to improve asthma control. Design 12-month single blind randomized controlled trial of the online tool (Intervention condition, IC) versus an active control tool (CC). Setting Patients enrolled in an insurance plan. Participants Participants were 408 adults (21–60 years of age) with persistent asthma. Intervention At least once each month and before provider visits, participants in the IC answered questions online about their asthma symptoms, asthma medications and asthma care received from providers, such as an asthma management plan. The tool then provided tailored feedback to remind patients 1) to ask health care providers specific questions that may improve asthma control (e.g., additional controller medications) and 2) to consistently perform specific self-care behaviors (e.g., proper inhaler technique). Participants in the CC received similar questions and feedback, yet focused instead on preventive services unrelated to asthma control (e.g., cancer screening). Main outcome measures The main outcome measure was asthma control, as assessed by the 5-question Asthma Control Test (ACT). Secondary outcomes included quality of life, medication use and healthcare utilization (e.g., emergency department visits). Results After 12 months, 323 participants completed follow-up measures (79.2%). Participants in the IC reported a greater mean improvement in the ACT score than participants in the CC (2.3 vs. 1.2; p = 0.02) and 9 of 11 individual asthma control survey items showed non-significant improvements favoring the IC. No differences were observed in medication adherence, number of asthma controller medications or health care utilization. Conclusion and relevance Simple and brief online patient reminders improved asthma control among insured patients. Although future studies are needed to understand the mechanism of the improvement, the magnitude of the effect on asthma control was similar to the addition of an additional controller medication. Given the widespread use of the Internet, simple tools such as this may be useful for improving the control of other chronic diseases as well. Trial registration This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00921401, “Improving the Quality of Asthma Care Using the Internet”
Conformational analysis of azaproline and other turn inducers

We previously investigated the conformation of several different peptidomimetics and their propensity for reverse turns, for example, Ala-Pro-Pro-Ala and Ala-D-Pro-Pro-Ala and the impact of N-methylation and N-hydroxylation [1,2]. Boussard et al. [3] studied recently azaprolines (AzPro) with the -carbon replaced by a nitrogen as -turn inducers. They concluded that both AzaPro and N-methylazaalanine (MeAzAla) induced -turns in a mixture of and DMSO-d6 that may stabilize peptide conformation differently than in water. To investigate these Aza peptides in water, we have used the AMBER* force field as implemented in MacroModel. The N-N bond parameterization in MacroModel was confirmed with 6-31G* ab initio calculations. We have studied both Ala-Pro-AzPro-Ala (1) and Ala-Ala-AzPro-Ala (2) peptides with conformational searches [4] and MC/MD [5] simulations in water as implicitly represented by the GB/SA solvation model [6].
Superscribing Sustainability: The Production of China’s Urban Waterscapes

This paper analyzes the linkages between urban waterscapes, nature aesthetics, and sustainability by delineating the re-emergence of shan-shui , translatable as ‘mountain-water,’ or ‘landscape,’ within contemporary urban China. I show how this aesthetic concept, originally emerging in third century Chinese landscape poetry, is used to reconfigure and reimagine sustainability and contemporary China’s urban landscapes. I draw on original mixed methods fieldwork, including interviews over a two-year period, digital archiving, historical texts and discourse analysis. Through these methods, I detail the emergence of shan-shui aesthetics then draw on the concept of superscription, the historical process of layering symbolic meanings, to understand the contemporary superscription of shan-shui with urban sustainability through the writings of prominent Chinese scientists and urban planning experts. Their productive work generated a new imaginary of teleological urban modernity that superscribes shan-shui with urban sustainability as the “shan-shui city.” Through two primary case studies, Tangshan Nanhu Eco-city and Meixi Lake, I show how the production of new sustainable urban waterscapes is linked with place making practices, territorial processes, and localized entrepreneurialism. Finally, I point to the limits of superscription, by highlighting the significant disconnect between the state framing of urban space and the lived experiences of urban residents, which I conceptualize as the osculation of the state. The paper, thus, intervenes in literatures regarding the historical transformations of cultural symbols, aesthetics, urban political ecology, and the political economy of place-making in China.
Using Action Research as a Signature Pedagogy to Develop EdD Students’ Inquiry as Practice Abilities

In this essay, I describe the role of action research (AR) in developing inquiry as practice among students in a CPED-guided EdD program. The essay is focused on issues such as (a) the need for developing inquiry as practice skills; (b) a rationale for using AR to develop inquiry skills; and (c) developing inquiry as practice through cycles of AR. I provide a rich, detailed description about how our faculty members have used it to develop students’ inquiry skills. The essay concludes with an examination of the challenges of using AR and a summary of its merits to prepare students’ inquiry as practice orientations and skills.
Impact of sensory adapted dental environment on children with developmental disabilities.

Aims This was a pilot study assessing the impact of a sensory adapted dental environment (SADE) on children with developmental disabilities (DD) receiving routine dental care. Methods A crossover study of 22 children with DD, aged 6 through 21, was conducted at a University Pediatric Dental clinic. Each participant was randomized to a sequence of two dental cleanings on a 3- to 4-month recall schedule, one with a regular dental environment (RDE) and one with SADE. Outcomes included physiological measures (heart rate and oxygen saturation) and cooperation (Frankl scores). Results Study subjects completed 36 visits. None of the physiological measures differed at either time point between the two treatment settings. The Frankl scores were significantly higher with SADE setting than RDE (P = 0.0368). Forty-six percent of parents strongly agreed that they would prefer the SADE for their child's next visit. Conclusion SADE may be associated with improved behavior in children with DD.
Calcium- and Calmodulin- Dependent Protein Kinase: Role in Memory

The molecular mechanisms that underlie learning and memory have intrigued investigators for over a decade. When formulating a model for memory, an inter-disciplinary approach must be utilized. The specific brain regions that mediate information processing, storage, and retrieval should be identified and their role in each of these steps elucidated. Clearly, many different brain nuclei interact cooperatively in these processes, and a wide variety of experimental models for memory have been developed. Excellent reviews on the neuropsychology of memory (Squire, 1982) and possible biochemical correlates (Thompson et al., 1983) are available.
Impact of radical prostatectomy on the characteristics of bladder and urethra.

AbstractA prospective study was done to evaluate the long-term effects of radical prostatectomy on the function of the bladder in filling and voiding. Preoperative urodynamic studies were done on 29 patients with a mean age of 62.9 ± 5.2 years. The preoperative results show that 16 of the 29 patients demonstrated detrusor instability with maximum contractile pressures of 59 ± 28cm. water. Followup urodynamic assessment was done in 13 of these patients 22.9 ± 1.1 months after surgery. Postoperatively, the maximum detrusor instability pressure did not decrease significantly (49 ± 17 cm. water). Comparison of the operative and postoperative urodynamic characteristics of bladder filling shows that radical prostatectomy produced no significant change in the filling characteristics of the bladder in terms of bladder capacity, or volume at which sensations of fullness or urgency are reported. Voiding pressure-flow studies show a significant increase in maximum flow rate (8 ± 1 to 13 ± 2 ml., per second, p = 0.00...
Automatic Generation and Execution of Eddy Current Scan Plans

Eddy current inspection is highly sensitive to the position of the probe relative to the component being scanned. Ensuring that the probe maintains a constant lift-off and remains perpendicular to the surface being scanned is very import to the scanning process, as the signal strength is best under the these constraints. Variations of tilt or lift-off during a scan can introduce large, spurious signals that may mask flaw indications. Earlier work on scan automation used the probe signal to control the lift-off variations so that a constant lift-off could be maintained over a non-planar surface[1]. The present study focuses on achieving probe perpendicularity and constant lift-off all through a given scan, to attain accurate and rep eatable eddy current measurements.
An improved approach for reconstructing consensus repeats from short sequence reads.

Repeat elements are important components of most eukaryotic genomes. Most existing tools for repeat analysis rely either on high quality reference genomes or existing repeat libraries. Thus, it is still challenging to do repeat analysis for species with highly repetitive or complex genomes which often do not have good reference genomes or annotated repeat libraries. Recently we developed a computational method called REPdenovo that constructs consensus repeat sequences directly from short sequence reads, which outperforms an existing tool called RepARK. One major issue with REPdenovo is that it doesn’t perform well for repeats with relatively high divergence rates or low copy numbers. In this paper, we present an improved approach for constructing consensus repeats directly from short reads. Comparing with the original REPdenovo, the improved approach uses more repeat-related k-mers and improves repeat assembly quality using a consensus-based k-mer processing method. We compare the performance of the new method with REPdenovo and RepARK on Human, Arabidopsis thaliana and Drosophila melanogaster short sequencing data. And the new method fully constructs more repeats in Repbase than the original REPdenovo and RepARK, especially for repeats of higher divergence rates and lower copy number. We also apply our new method on Hummingbird data which doesn’t have a known repeat library, and it constructs many repeat elements that can be validated using PacBio long reads. We propose an improved method for reconstructing repeat elements directly from short sequence reads. The results show that our new method can assemble more complete repeats than REPdenovo (and also RepARK). Our new approach has been implemented as part of the REPdenovo software package, which is available for download at https://github.com/Reedwarbler/REPdenovo .
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Mutant Strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

ABSTRACT The acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of Penaeus vannamei shrimp is caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying toxin genes, pirA and pirB. We report the complete genome sequence of the novel V. parahaemolyticus strain R14, which did not display AHPND symptoms in P. vannamei despite containing the binary toxin genes.
Infrared thermography for detecting defects in concrete structures

The traditional methods for inspecting large concrete structures such as dams and cooling towers require erecting large amounts of scaffolding to access the surface of the concrete structure in order to sound the concrete with an impact device or hammer to expose the damaged or defective areas. Another method for accessing the surface of a large concrete structure is to employ climbing inspections which poses a considerable safety risk. These traditional methods are used to determine defect or damage within a few inches of the surface. In addition to the logistic difficulty of these methods a hammer can cause damage if care is not taken. Further, it can cover only a small area. Infrared Thermography (IRT), also referred to as thermal imaging, utilizes the infrared spectrum to show differences in heat dissipating from a structure using a thermal imaging camera. This paper presents a review of the IRT research for detecting defects in concrete structures. Health monitoring and damage detection of large structures such as bridges and high-rise buildings has been a very active area of research in recent years. The two main approaches explored by researchers are vibration-based health monitoring and camera-based vision technology. IRT remains to be another promising technology for economical health monitoring of structures.
Enabling Low Impact, Rapid Debug for Highly Utilized FPGA Designs

Inserting soft logic analyzers into FPGA circuits is a common way to provide signal visibility at run-time, helping users locate bugs in their designs. However, this can become infeasible for highly (70-90+%) utilized designs, which leave few logic resources or block RAMs available for internal logic analyzers. This paper presents a fast, low-impact method of enabling signal visibility in these situations using LUT-based distributed memory. Trace-buffers are inserted post-PAR allowing users to quickly change the set of observed nets. Results from routing-based experiments are presented which demonstrate that, even in highly utilized designs, many design signals can be observed with this technique.
Intramural hematoma of the esophagus. An unusual complication of vagotomy.

An unusual case is reported, of intramural heomatoma of the esophagus causing almost complete obstruction of the esophagus as a complication to transabdominal vagotomy. Some of the similar cases reported in the literature as transient cardiospasm or achalasia could well represent the same pathology. Periesophageal fibrosis and esophageal intramural hematoma should be considered in cases of postvagotomydyspliagia. 1139 Mott Foundation Bldg. Flint, Mich. 48502
Speaking style and candidate evaluations

ABSTRACTI examine how a politician’s speaking style influences how voters evaluate the candidate. I argue that, above and beyond the content of the message, how a candidate conveys the message has ...
Sur-Real: Frechet Mean and Distance Transform for Complex-Valued Deep Learning

We develop a novel deep learning architecture for naturally complex valued data, which are often subject to complex scaling ambiguity. We treat each sample as a field in the space of complex numbers. With the polar form of a complex number, the general group that acts on this space is the product of planar rotation and non-zero scaling. This perspective allows us to develop not only a novel convoluation operator using weighted Frechet mean (wFM) on a Riemannian manifold, but also to a novel fully connected layer operator using the distance to the wFM, with natural equivariant properties to non-zero scaling and planar rotations for the former and invariance properites for the latter. We demonstrate our method on widely used SAR dataset MSTAR and RadioML dataset. On MSTAR data, without any preprocessing, our network can achieve 98% classification accuracy on this highly imbalanced dataset using only ~44,000 parameters, as opposed to 94% accuracy with more than 500,000 parameters with a baseline real-valued network on the two-channel real representation of the complex valued data. On RadioML data, we got comparable classification accuracy with the baseline with only using 10% of the parameters as the baseline model.
Constraining the complexity of promoter dynamics using fluctuations in gene expression

Gene expression is an inherently stochastic process with transcription of mRNAs often occurring in bursts: short periods of activity followed by typically longer periods of inactivity. While a simple model involving switching between two promoter states has been widely used to analyze transcription dynamics, recent experimental observations have provided evidence for more complex kinetic schemes underlying bursting. Specifically, experiments provide evidence for complexity in promoter dynamics during the switch from the transcriptionally inactive to the transcriptionally active state. An open question in the field is: what is the minimal complexity needed to model promoter dynamics and how can we determine this? Here, we show that measurements of mRNA fluctuations can be used to set fundamental bounds on the complexity of promoter dynamics. We study models wherein the switching time distribution from transcriptionally inactive to active states is described by a general waiting-time distribution. Using approaches from renewal theory and queueing theory, we derive analytical expressions which connect the Fano factor of mRNA distributions to the waiting-time distribution for promoter switching between inactive and active states. The results derived lead to bounds on the minimal number of promoter states and thus allow us to derive bounds on the minimal complexity of promoter dynamics based on single-cell measurements of mRNA levels.
Phalanx Fractures: Tips and Tricks

The operative and non-operative treatment of phalangeal fractures can be challenging. While fracture non-union is uncommon, adhesions and stiffness are common complications. There are three key principles to treating hand fractures: reduction within acceptable parameters, stable maintenance of reduction, and early mobilization. While brief immobilization post-operatively is common practice, more than 3 weeks of immobilization leads to stiffness. We present several illustrative cases to demonstrate common strategies and pitfalls to avoid when treating these fractures.
The Buffering Effect of Health Care Provider Video Biographies When Viewed in Combination With Negative Reviews: "You Can't Fake Nice"

Background: Patients seek information from numerous sources before choosing a primary care provider; two of the most popular sources are providers’ own online biographies and patient rating websites. However, prior research has generally only examined how these sources influence patients’ decisions in isolation. Objective: This study aimed to determine how primary care providers’ online biographies and online patient ratings interact to affect patients’ decision making, especially in the face of negative reviews. Methods: An 8-condition online experiment (n=866) was conducted, manipulating patient ratings and the timing of viewing a provider’s online biographical video (pre- or postrating viewing). Results: When participants were shown a short video introduction of a provider after reading predominantly negative reviews a positive expectancy violation occurred, which was also related to more positive perceptions of the provider. When exposed to all negative reviews, 43% of participants indicated they would still choose to make an appointment with the provider, with many indicating that the video provided the evidence needed to help make up their own minds. Conclusions: These findings are especially relevant to health care organizations seeking to combat a recent rise in fake patient reviews. Providing patients with realistic expectations of the care that clinicians can offer via their own online biographical videos can help counteract negative patient comments online.
Abstract P091: A Comparison of Analytical Methods to Evaluate the Association Between Diet and Long-Term Weight Gain in Three Prospective Cohorts

Background: Because long-term weight gain typically occurs insidiously (~1 lb/y) it is very difficult to study in RCTs and prospective cohorts provide crucial evidence on its key contributors. Most...
Teaching in troubling times: the effects of political climate in classrooms

Since the 2016 presidential election, changes to American policies and divisive rhetoric from politicians have resulted in a challenging political climate. For Catholic schools, which in many areas...
Remote Cerebellar Hemorrhage Associated With Intra-Operative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: A Report of Two Rare Case Presentations and Review of the Literature

Remote cerebellar hemorrhage (RCH) is a rare complication following cranial or spinal neurosurgical procedures. Traditionally, RCH has been associated with frontal or frontotemporal craniotomy with supine patient positioning. Though the exact etiology is unknown, theories have described patient positioning and excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage intra-operatively as contributing factors to cerebellar displacement (cerebellar sag), obstruction of venous flow, and pathogenesis of RCH. We report two cases of RCH following a prone, suboccipital craniotomy-C1 laminectomy and a temporal burr hole evacuation of a subdural hygroma. In each case, a large volume of CSF was rapidly evacuated intra-operatively. To the best of our knowledge, both instances represent relatively rare settings for RCH. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for all cases of RCH in which peri-operative CSF leakage was explicitly detailed. Although RCH is thought to be a rare complication of frontotemporal and frontal craniotomies, this case report signifies that RCH may occur in the setting of sub-occipital craniotomy or even after minimally invasive burr hole procedures. For these procedures, careful symptomatic monitoring and follow-up imaging remain essential in diagnosis. Controlled CSF drainage may be useful in mediating dramatic alterations in intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebellar sag contributing to RCH.
Identifying animate stones and sacred landscapes: Twenty-five years of native pipestone-quarries research in the American midcontinent:

This paper assesses our current understanding of the native use of the major midcontinental United States pipestone quarries based on over two decades of research. Our studies indicate that combini...
Recipient Design for Conversational Agents: Tailoring Agent’s Utterance to User’s Knowledge

While interest in AI conversational agents has grown rapidly in recent years, creating agents capable of holding recipient-specific conversations remains a challenge. In other words, an automated agent should be able to engage in recipient design or tailoring the form of its utterances and selection of utterances based on the user’s knowledge, or assumptions about what the user knows. Without recipient design, the agent formulates its utterances the same way for every user. While an agent might still fall back on conversational repair practices, such as paraphrase or definition requests, recipient design can minimize the necessity for repair in the first place. In this work, we leverage recipient design methods from natural conversation, as identified in the field of Conversation Analysis (CA) and implement three of them (self-reports of knowledge, prior difficulty in understanding, and prior exposure to a reference) as part of our conversational agent, the Alma Assistant.
In Vivo Evaluation of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for TIM3 Targeting in Mouse Glioma.

Purpose Current checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy strategies in glioblastoma are challenged by mechanisms of resistance including an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) is a late-phase checkpoint receptor traditionally associated with T cell exhaustion. We apply fluorescent imaging techniques to explore feasibility of in vivo visualization of the immune state in a glioblastoma mouse model. Procedures TIM3 monoclonal antibody was conjugated to a near-infrared fluorescent dye, IRDye-800CW (800CW). The TIM3 experimental conjugate and isotype control were assessed for specificity with immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry in murine cell lines (GL261 glioma and RAW264.7 macrophages). C57BL/6 mice with orthotopically implanted GL261 cells were imaged in vivo over 4 days after intravenous TIM3-800CW injection to assess tumor-specific uptake. Cell-specific uptake was then assessed on histologic sections. Results The experimental TIM3-800CW, but not its isotype control, bound to RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. Specificity to RAW264.7 macrophages and not GL261 tumor cells was quantitatively confirmed with the corresponding clone of TIM3 on flow cytometry. In vivo fluorescence imaging of the 800CW signal was localized to the intracranial tumor and significantly higher for the TIM3-800CW cohort, relative to non-targeting isotype control, immediately after tail vein injection and for up to 48 h after injection. Resected organs of tumor bearing mice showed significantly higher uptake in the liver and spleen. TIM3-800CW was seen to co-stain with CD3 (13%), CD11b (29%), and CD206 (26%). Conclusions We propose fluorescent imaging of immune cell imaging as a potential strategy for monitoring and localizing immunologically relevant foci in the setting of brain tumors. Alternative markers and target validation will further clarify the temporal relationship of immunosuppressive effector cells throughout glioma resistance.
Overview of the Internal-External Issue

This chapter begins with a discussion of the internal-external issue in psychology-the tendency to emphasize characteristics that are part of the organism and thereby internal to it, or characteristics that are part of the environment and thereby external to the organism, in explaining behavior. While virtually all psychologists recognize the importance of both organism and environment, the tendency within virtually all fields of psychology-perception, learning, cognition, personality, social psychology, developmental psychology-has been to emphasize and focus virtual exclusive attention on one or the other set of determinants. Thus, it is that an outstanding psychologist such as Jenkins (1974) can describe a virtual conversion experience, suggesting that we throw out the old, mechanistic, associationism theory of memory and recognize that experience is the result of the interaction between the experiencer and the world.
Dielectric functions and carrier concentrations of Hg1−xCdxSe films determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry

Spectroscopic ellipsometry, ranging from 35 meV to 6 eV, was used to determine the dielectric functions of a series of molecular beam epitaxy-grown Hg1−xCdxSe thin films deposited on both ZnTe/Si(112) and GaSb(112) substrates. The fundamental band gap as well as two higher-order electronic transitions blue-shift with increasing Cd composition in Hg1−xCdxSe, as expected. Representing the free carrier absorption with a Drude oscillator, we found that the effective masses of Hg1−xCdxSe (grown on ZnTe/Si) vary between 0.028 and 0.050 times the free electron mass, calculated using the values of carrier concentration and the mobility obtained through Hall measurements. Using these effective masses, we determined the carrier concentrations of Hg1−xCdxSe samples grown on GaSb, which is of significance as films grown on such doped-substrates posit ambiguous results when measured by conventional Hall experiments. These models can serve as a basis for monitoring Cd-composition during sample growth through in-situ sp...
Exactly soluble model of resonant energy transfer between molecules

F\"orster's theory of resonant energy transfer (FRET) predicts the strength and range of exciton transport between separated molecules. We introduce an exactly soluble model for FRET which reproduces F\"orster's results as well as incorporating quantum coherence effects. As an application, the model is used to analyze a system composed of quantum dots and the protein bacteriorhodopsin.
CHAPTER 169 – Lipoxins and Aspirin-Triggered 15-epi-Lipoxins: Mediators in Anti-inflammation and Resolution

Inappropriate control of inflammation and its resolution is now recognized to contribute to many diseases. Aspirin as well as other NSAIDs that affect these signaling systems are in wide use, yet these agents are not without unwanted side effects, particularly in kidney and stomach. The discovery of the second isoform of COX sparked a large-scale search for safer aspirin-like drugs, namely COX-2 inhibitors, that would bypass the unwanted side effects. Results reviewed here indicate that lipoxins, their aspirin-triggered epimers (ATL), and broader arrays of aspirintriggered lipid mediators derived from omega-3 PUPA reveal previously unappreciated endogenous anti-inflammation and pro-resolution signaling mechanisms that could offer new treatment approaches. The finding that lipoxin counters inflammatory events led to more general concepts, namely that aspirin-triggered lipid mediators could serve as local mediators of anti-inflammation or endogenous agonists that favor resolution of inflanmiation. Additional support for this notion that lipoxins are protective and that ATLs share this property comes from finding that LXA4 stimulates macrophages to clear apoptotic PMN, and that LXA4 receptors regulate gene expression, cytokines, and metalloproteases. These signaling pathways add a new dimension to the well-established use of low-dose ASA as a specific COX-1 inhibitor in platelets, which also triggers COX-2 generated protective products, thus underscoring the importance of transcellular biosynthetic signaling pathways.
Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of a novel σ1 selective PET ligand.

The σ1 receptor is an important target for CNS disorders. We previously identified a σ1 ligand TZ3108 having highly potent (Ki-σ1 = 0.48 nM) and selective affinity for σ1versus σ2 receptors. TZ3108 was 18F-labeled for in vivo evaluation. Biodistribution and blocking studies of [18F]TZ3108 in male Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated high brain uptake, which was σ1-specific with no in vivo defluorination. MicroPET studies in cynomolgus macaques showed high brain penetration of [18F]TZ3108; the regional brain distribution was consistent with that of the σ1 receptor. Pseudo-equilibrium in the brain was reached ∼45 min post-injection. Metabolite analysis of [18F]TZ3108 in NHP blood and rodent blood and brain revealed that ∼70% parent remained in the plasma of NHPs 60 min post-injection and the major radiometabolite did not cross the blood–brain barrier in rats. In summary, the potent, selective and metabolically stable σ1 specific radioligand [18F]TZ3108 represents a potentially useful PET radioligand for quantifying the σ1 receptor in the brain.
SIP-ing the Elixir of Youth

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved cellular fuel gauge previously implicated in aging. In this issue, Lu et al. (2011) describe how age-related deacetylation of Sip2, a subunit of the AMPK homolog in yeast, acts as a life span clock that can be wound backward or forward to modulate longevity.
Student-content interactions in online courses: the role of question prompts in facilitating higher-level engagement with course content

This study examined the relationships among question types and levels and students’ subsequent responses/interactions in online discussion forums. Question prompts were classified both by type, as outlined by Andrews (POD Q J Prof Organ Dev Net Higher Eduction 2(34):129–163, 1980), and by levels of critical thinking, as outlined by Bloom (Taxonomy of educational objectives, David McKay, New York, 1956). Students’ responses (n = 850), taken from 19 discussion forums, were coded using Bloom’s six levels of cognitive processing: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Interaction patterns were determined using three of Andrews’ “mileage” indicators: average number of responses/student, average number of student–student sequences per question prompt, and average number of threads (and posts within a thread) for each question prompt. Results support the hypothesis that questions at the higher levels of Bloom’s taxonomy facilitate higher levels of students’ responses. Among Andrews’ nine question types, lower divergent questions were most effective in generating high levels of student thinking compared to other question types. In terms of interaction patterns, brainstorming and playground questions averaged the highest number of posts/student as well as highest average number of student responses/prompt. Questions at the comprehension, application, and synthesis levels resulted in the highest average number of student–student sequences. Implications for the development of effective question prompts are discussed.
A Cost-Benefit Location-Allocation Model for Public Facilities: An Econometric Approach

This research develops and operationalizes a facility location-allocation model based on cost-benefit principles derived from welfare economics. Despite the theoretical advantages of cost-benefit location-allocation models, the difficulties associated with estimating household preferences for public facilities have heretofore prevented their application. This research demonstrates that the hedonic-pricing methodology can be effectively used to estimate preferences for public facilities. Specifically, household preferences for Baltimore public middle schools were estimated from the spatial variation in housing prices using the random bidding model. To provide an example of the methodology, the cost-benefit location-allocation objective function was maximized to simultaneously determine the optimal number, quality, and locations of Baltimore middle schools. The cost-benefit approach to facility location constitutes a major improvement over existing methods because it directly incorporates user preferences into the objective function and because the number and quality of facilities can be determined endogenously rather than being specified as a constraint a priori.
Funds of relationality: social bonds and science learners

In this response to Konstantinos Alexakos, Jayson K. Jones, and Victor H. Rodriguez, I will focus primarily on the importance of relationality for the development of a science learner identity. Along the way I will review (1) The cultural dynamics involved with the formation and sustenance of relationships in social life; (2) The methodological advantages of ethnographic inquiry for exploring funds of relationality; (3) The importance of relationality for science innovation throughout the pipeline of scientific training from K-12 schooling all the way through scientific breakthrough; (4) The absolutely vital role that relationality plays in creating a science learner identity. Finally I highlight how collaborative ethnography, in particular, is an excellent tool for seeking out funds of relationality that can be marshaled in the classroom as well as contributing to conceptual advancement in the theoretical vocabulary of relational sociology.
A resistance-temperature detector for nuclear reactor service

SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES are continually making new demands on old arts. This is particularly true of the field of atomic energy, where instrumentation is finding itself hard pressed to keep in step. The inexhaustible source of power is at hand, but controlling it so that it can efficiently do its work is taxing our ingenuity.
A Computational Study of Conformations and Conformers of 1,3-Dithiane (1,3-Dithiacyclohexane)

Ab initio molecular orbital theory with the 6-31G(d), 6-31G(d,p), 6-31+G(d), 6-31+G(d,p), and 6-311+G(d,p) basis sets and density functional theory (BLYP, BP86) including the hybrid density functionals B3LYP, B3P86, and B3PW91 have been used to investigate stereoelectronic hyperconjugative interactions and relative energies of the chair, 1,4-twist, and 2,5-twist conformers of 1,3-dithiane (1,3-dithiacyclohexane). The HF/6-31G(d) energy difference (ΔE) between the chair conformer and the 1,4-boat transition state was 5.53 kcal/mol, and the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) energy difference between the chair conformer and the 2,5-boat transition state was 5.42 kcal/mol. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC, minimum energy path) calculations have been used to connect the enantiomers of the 1,4-twist conformer via the 2,5-boat transition state. The B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) calculated energy difference between the 1,4-twist conformer and the 2,5-boat transition state was 0.80 kcal/mol. The HF/6-31G(d) energy difference (ΔE) between...
Was Reid a Direct Realist

There are issues in Reid scholarship as well as the primary texts that seem to suggest that Reid is not a direct realist about visual perception. In this paper, I examine two key issues – colour perception and visible figure – and attempt to defend the direct realism of Reid's theory through an interpretation of ‘directness’ as well as what Reid calls ‘acquired perception’, which is ‘mediate’ in that it requires prior perception of signs, but nonetheless constitutes direct perception.
Insect sex attractant pheromones, a tool for reducing insecticide contamination in the environment†

The great reproductivity of many insect species can be ascribed in part to the ability of the sexes to find one another for mating and propagation. This process is frequently mediated by sex attractant pheromones, chemicals emitted by one sex to attract one or both sexes for mating. In recent years, researchers have isolated, identified, and synthesized a number of these substances. Procedures used in their isolation and identification are discussed, and the sex attractants found are listed. Secondary chemicals and volatility regulators can augment pheromone action and are required for maximum effectiveness. Because sex attractants are utilized by many species of economic importance, attention is now being directed toward means of using these chemicals to combat insect pests. Sex pheromones that attract insects in the field have been effective in detecting infestations; their direct use in control is now being explored because these compounds can minimize the amount of insecticide needed for insect contro...
Jejunostomy tube feedings should not be stopped in the perioperative patient.

Background: Anesthetic standard of care is to restrict oral intake for 8 hours before elective surgery. There is no research addressing appropriate preoperative discontinuation of jejunostomy tube (J-tube) feedings. We hypothesized that patients could be fed safely, via a J-tube, until the time of surgery. Methods: Patients admitted to a Level I Trauma Center, having J-tubes and undergoing a nonabdominal operation, were prospectively evaluated. Group I patients received J-tube feedings until transport to the operating room. Group II patients had tube feedings discontinued for at least 8 hours before surgery. Data were compared using the Student's t test and contingency table analysis. Results: There were 46 patients in group I and 36 in group II. There was no incidence of aspiration. Patient groups did not differ in age, mortality, length of stay, injury severity score, or ventilator days. Group I patients had tube feedings discontinued for fewer hours before and after surgery than group II patients (befo...
Parallel implementations of direction finding algorithms on networks of general purpose DSP processors

Abstract In this paper we address the problem of implementing two direction of arrival (DOA) estimation techniques on a multiprocessor network comprising of general purpose DSP processors. The techniques chosen are the MVDR beamforming technique and ESPRIT. Although optimal array architectures have been proposed for these problems, an implementation on a generalized network with the aim of a more flexible, modular and reconfigurable solution, is more suitable for highly dynamic environments with changing applications and problem sizes. The parallelization issues have been explored and a scheme for an efficient implementation of both techniques has been described.
Serving capacity and scrotal circumference of ram lambs as affected by selection for reproductive rate

Scrotal circumference and serving capacity were evaluated in ram lambs sired by rams from lines selected for high and low reproductive rate (litter size) and a random bred control line. After weaning (approx. 5 months of age), rams lambs had their scrotal circumference measured biweekly for 20 weeks, immediately preceding a 15 min serving capacity test. Serving capacity was evaluated by exposing each ram lamb to four estrus-induced ewes for 15 min with reaction time (time from entry into the test pen to the first mount or service), and number of mounts and number of services recorded. Scrotal circumference was affected by the interaction of selection line and day of test (P < 0.05). High line sired rams had the largest scrotal circumference with control line sired rams having the smallest. The differences were greatest in the third test period and then became non-significant in the later test periods. Selection line affected reaction time (P < 0.01), number of mounts (P < 0.01) and number of services (P < 0.05). High line rams had a shorter reaction time and more mounts than did low or control line rams, which did not differ. Rams sired by low line rams had fewer services than did high or control line sired rams, which did not differ. Results indicate that selection for reproductive rate based on a trait measured only in females (litter size) can result in changes in other reproductive traits in the male (scrotal circumference and serving capacity).