cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat-induced stimulation of 3-O-methylglucose transport in rat thymocytes

Abstract Cells incubated at 41–46 °C show a gradual increase in the initial rate of 3- O -methylglucose uptake when subsequently assayed at 37 °C. Cellular ATP levels remain constant throughout this temperature range, but at temperatures higher than 46 °C, ATP levels decline as does the extent of transport stimulation. Cells incubated at 45 °C for 5 min continue to show a gradual increase in transport activity throughout a subsequent 25-min incubation period at 37 °C. The increase in transport activity is characterized by an increase in the proportion of the rapid phase of 3- O -methylglucose uptake, with little or no change in the half-time of either the rapid phase or the slow phase. Transport stimulation at high temperatures is blocked by inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. Cells depleted of intracellular exchangeable Ca 2+ by treatment with the ionophore A23187 in the presence of ethylene glycol bis(β-aminoethyl ether)- N , N′ -tetraacetic acid show nearly the same degree of stimulation at high temperatures as untreated cells, suggesting that exchangeable Ca 2+ ions do not play an obligatory role in the mechanism of transport stimulation. It is suggested that structural changes occur at 41–46 °C in the membrane proteins controlling glucose transport activity.
121 RECURRENCE OF CUSHING'S DISEASE AFTER PITUITARY DISEASE

We report a 10 year old female with Cushing's disease with recurrent disease 5 yrs after successful pituitary irradiation. At presentation, bone age, skull films, head CT and visual fields were all normal. Basal serum F, urinary 17-OHCS, free cortisol (F), and 6β-hydrocortisol (6β-OHF) were elevated. Serum F lacked circadian variation and was partially suppressed by high dose dexamethasone (dex). She received pituitary irradiation with a cumulative dose of 4,000 rads over a 1 month period. Serum F, 17-OHCS, 6β-OHF, urinary free F returned to normal, growth velocity improved, and puberty ensued with menarche occurring 3 yrs after irradiation. However, lack of diurnal variation of F persisted. Despite radiotherapy, five years later she developed clinical and biochemical evidence of mild recurrent Cushing's disease. Bone age, head CT, visual fields, and TRH, LHRH and L-DOPA/glucagon testing were all normal. Morning cortisol, 17-OHCS, and 6β-OHF were elevated and were partially suppressed only after high dose dex. The 8:00 PM ACTH level was elevated to 40 pcg/ml. After ovine CRF administration the maximum ACTH response was 46 pcg/ml; the ACTH concentration is increased and the absent ACTH response to CRF is abnormal. In patients with Cushing's disease treated with radiotherapy, the ACTH response to CRF stimulation may not be reliably compared to that of normal controls. Conclusion: Therefore Cushing's disease may recur despite successful pituitary irradiation. This suggests a hypothalamic CRF producing lesion as the primary lesion in Cushing s disease.
KCl-induced “spreading depression” and ventilation in the cockroach

Abstract 1. 1. Concentrated solutions of KCl were injected into the region of the various ganglia of the cockroack. 2. 2. In most cases, rapid bursts of ventilatory motions soon followed. 3. 3. These motions were persistent in some cases and very transient in other. 4. 4. The burst of motion resulting from injection of KCl near the supra-esophageal and mesothoracic ganglia were, by far, the most persistent and lead one to speculate on their possible role in normal ventilatory events.
A low power and high performance robust digital delay locked loop against noisy environments

A new low power and high performance robust digital delay locked loop is presented. The DLL has dual loops with single replica block, different-type dual DCC at input and output, replay mode function, rising edge scanner and self-calibrated power down controller (SCPDC) for stable power management. The digital DLL used for multi-Gbps graphics SDRAM is fabricated using a 66 nm DRAM process technology. Experimental results show duty-corrected clock from external duty error of plusmn10%, less than 400 cycle locking time, 1.4 GHz operation frequency at 1.7 V and 1.7 GHz at 2.0 V.
The flow of a viscous fluid in an elastic tube; a model of the femoral artery.

The solutions of the classical differential equations for flow of a viscous fluid in an elastic tube are shown to yield a description of some aspects of the flow of blood in the femoral artery. The parameters influencing the speed of the pulse wave, the pressure, and the velocity for non-pulsating and pulsating flow are exhibited. The relation between pressure and velocity are considered in some detail. It is shown that for pulsating flow the slope of the pressure versus fluid velocity curve is equal to the pulse wave speed multiplied by the density of the blood.
What is Consequentialism? A Reply to Howard-Snyder

If there is a moral reason for A to do X, and if A cannot do X without doing Y, and if doing Y will enable A to do X, then there is a moral reason for A to do Y. This principle is plausible but mysterious, so it needs to be explained. It can be explained by necessary enabler consequentialism, but not by other consequentialisms or any deontological moral theory. Or so I argue. Frances Howard-Snyder objects that this argument fails to establish consequentialism as understood by ‘most philosophers’, because it fails to establish agent-neutrality. I respond by distinguishing consequentialism, which need not be agent-neutral, from utilitarianism, which claims agent-neutrality. Howard-Snyder also presents a schema for a non-consequentialist theory that is supposed to explain moral substitutability. I respond that her explanation cannot be completed without introducing incoherence into deontological moral theories.
Origin of Phosphatic Black Shale Facies in Pennsylvanian Cyclothems of Mid-Continent North America

Continued lithologic and paleontologic considerations of Kansas Upper Pennsylvanian megacyclothems more firmly establish the basic ascending sequence of: outside (nearshore) shale--middle (transgressive) limestone--core (offshore) shale--upper (regressive) limestone--outside (nearshore) shale, as representing a single transgressive-regressive sequence; this sequence is thus considered simply a cyclothem. Lateral facies change along the 500-km Iowa-Kansas outcrop belt is greatest in upper parts of upper limestones and outside shales, as would be expected in shallow-water to shoreline deposits; it is least in middle limestones, core shales, and bases of upper limestones, as would be expected in deeper water deposits. The widespread phosphatic black shale facies that commonly accompanies maximum transgression in the core shale is explained by water becoming deep enough to develop a thermocline strong enough to prevent bottom oxygenation by wind-driven vertical circulation. Pennsylvanian position of Mid-Continent North America, in the trade-wind belt north of the paleoequator along the Appalachians, allowed establishment of large-scale quasi-estuarine circulation in the Mid-Continent epicontinental sea. Cold, deep, oxygen-poor, phosphate-rich water from the western ocean was drawn in along the bottom through the basins of West Texas eventually to upwell in the eastern Mid-Continent and replace the surface water moved westward out of the sea by the prevailing winds. Upwelling greatly increased surfac -water production of organic matter, which continually settled (while being carried westward) into the deeper incoming current, where it decayed and depleted the remaining oxygen while continually enriching the already high phosphate in a circulatory trap. In this way substantial organic matter and phosphorite were deposited on the anoxic sea bottom to produce the phosphatic black shale facies. This model for offshore phosphatic black shale deposition obviates the difficulty of explaining in shallow tropical water the combination of nonskeletal phosporite production, and widespread lateral uniformity of a quiet anoxic environment between two marine limestones. It supports large-scale Pennsylvanian transgressions and regressions in the Mid-Continent sea, but remains compatible with the local cyclic sedimentary process of delta outbuilding and abandonment along the shoreline. In fact, large-scale marine transgressions and regressions account for the widespread distribution of delta-shoreline deposits from the Appalachians to Kansas. The offshore black shale model can be expanded to a more general depositional model that not only explains the lateral variation in black-shale-be ring Pennsylvanian cyclothems from the Appalachians to West Texas, but also accounts for the scarcity of black shales in younger Pennsylvanian and Permian Mid-Continent cyclothems by suggesting that water depths at maximum transgression during that time were generally too shallow to establish an effective thermocline.
Processing coping methods in expressive essays about stressful experiences: Predictors of health benefit.

This study distinguished constructive (e.g. planning/problem-solving) and unconstructive (e.g. worry) processing in expressive essays and their impact on depressive symptoms, healthcare visits, and physical symptoms. Affect labeling, achievement orientation, and insight utilization were examined as mediators. Essays from 43 medical students were coded; mediators were identified through linguistic text analysis. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 3 months. Constructive processing predicted declining depressive symptoms (β = -.33, p < .05) and healthcare visits (β = -.61, p < .01). Unconstructive processing predicted increasing healthcare visits (β = .42, p < .05). Higher affect labeling mediated the effect of constructive processing, and lower achievement orientation mediated the effect of unconstructive processing.
Dynamics of the diaphragm in the control of respiration

The diaphragm, as the major muscle in respiration, may be regarded as an electro-mechanical transducer contained in the sub-block of the controller in the respiratory feedback system. Its principal purpose is to transform the neural input, originating in the respiratory center, into a mechanical response measured in terms of transpulmonary pressure. Available physiological information and experimental results, in anesthetized animals, suggest a nonlinear tension-pressure relation where the radius of the curvature of the diaphragm is a significant factor. This paper describes the tension-pressure dynamics of the diaphragm.
The inhibitory action of a phenothiazine derivative on the hexosemonophosphate dehydrogenases of adrenal cortex.

Abstract The interaction of a phenothiazine derivative, thioperazine (TPZ), 2 and TPN was studied in a reaction containing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Similar experiments were also performed in a system containing 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. A competition of these compounds for the apoenzyme was demonstrated, and kinetic analysis revealed that TPZ exerted a noncompetitive inhibition on the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase system and competitive inhibition on 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Preincubation of TPN with either enzyme in the presence of the inhibitor appreciably decreased the effects of TPZ.
Cognitive factors and persistent pain: A glimpse into Pandora's box.

Conventional models of persistent pain have tended to be dichotomous in nature, with pain viewed as either physically or psychologically based. Inadequacies inherent in both of these views have resulted in alterative conceptualizations that focus on the integration of biomedical with cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors. During the past decade there has been a proliferation of research designed to examine the relative contributions of individuals' attitudes, beliefs, appraisals, self-perceptions, and coping strategies to the perception, experience, and response to noxious sensations as well as treatment, and how these are modified as a result of treatment. In this paper a cognitive—behavioral conceptualization of persistent pain is described and contrasted with sensory, psychogenic, motivational, and operant conditioning models. A number of cognitive assessment procedures and recent research on the role of cognitive schemata, cognitive processes, and ongoing cognition in chronic pain are briefly summarized. The central importance of negative cognition — “catastrophizing” — is emphasized. Once pandora's cognitive box has been opened, a range of important issues must be addressed or one may be consumed by unbridled enthusiasm for the development of instruments and correlational research. Several caveats regarding current research on cognitive mediators are raised, namely, confounds among the cognitive measures that have proliferated and between cognitive measures and measures of mood states, generalizability of results based on pain clinic samples, and adherence to “patient uniformity myths.”
Hydrogenation of 1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone with a copper chromite catalyst

Abstract Hydrogenation of 1,4-naphthoquinone (I) using a copper chromite catalyst yields trans-1,4-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (III), a new product. Similarly, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (IV) gives two isomeric 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes (VII and VIII) in which the hydroxyl groups are trans. At elevated temperatures quinone IV also produces two ac-2-methyl tetralols.
Optical and electrical properties of thin silver films grown under ion bombardment.

The structure of thin silver films, grown under varying conditions of ion bombardment, are compared by means of their measured structural, optical, and electrical properties. Both the x-ray diffraction results and the dielectric-function measurements suggested that there are voids in our films and that their volume fraction depends on the energy delivered to the substrate during growth. Furthermore, the same dependency on energy was found for the amount of gas atoms trapped in the films, but the low percentage suggests that this cannot have a major influence on the structure or other properties. However, the gas atoms can contribute to an expansion of the lattice by increasing the separation of the metallic grains and increasing the volume fraction of voids. The dc electrical conductivity was interpreted from the microstructure and optical data with a model including scattering at grain boundaries, the fraction of voids and the bulk conductivity. In particular, a comparison between theoretical and experimental data suggest that the electron reflection coefficient at the grain surfaces is not constant, but depends on the condition of film growth.
Can the Trolley Coach Compete Economically With the Gas or Diesel Bus Where No Overhead Facilities Exist

Each type of local transit vehicle has its proper place in the picture of modern transit. This position is determined by sound economics, including complete depreciation on all equipment and facilities, The attractiveness of trolley coach service and its corresponding low operating cost enable this type vehicle to compete favorably with either the gas or Diesel bus even though new power and distribution facilities are required.
DNA polymerase beta is critical for genomic stability of sperm cells

Maintaining genome integrity in germ cells is important, given that the germ cells produce the next generation of offspring. Base excision repair is a DNA repair pathway that is responsible for the repair of most endogenous DNA damage. A key enzyme that functions in this repair pathway is DNA polymerase beta (Pol β). We previously used conditional gene targeting to engineer mice with sperm deleted of the Pol B gene, which encodes Pol β. We characterized mutagenesis in the sperm of these mice and compared it to wild-type and mice heterozygous for the Pol B gene. We found that sperm obtained that were heterozygously or homozygously deleted of the Pol B gene exhibited increased mutation frequencies compared to wild-type sperm. We identified an increase in transition mutations in both heterozygously and homozygously deleted sperm, and the types of mutations induced suggest that a polymerase other than Pol β functions in its absence. Interestingly, most of the transversions we observed were induced only in heterozygous, compared with wild-type sperm. Our results suggest that haploinsufficiency of Pol β leads to increased frequencies and varieties of mutations. Our study also shows that Pol β is critical for genome stability in the germline.
Constant exposure to darkness produces supersensitivity to nicotine

Treatment with full-spectrum bright artificial light produces subsensitivity to the hypothermic effect of nicotine in the rat. The authors hypothesized that prolonged exposure to darkness would produce the opposite effect. The thermic responsiveness of 11 rats to nicotine (base), 0.25 mg/kg IP, was telemetrically measured at baseline, after 7 days of exposure to constant darkness, and 2, 5, and 12 days after being returned to standard vivarium conditions. Exposure to constant darkness enhanced the hypothermic response to nicotine. The sample exhibited a hyperthermic response to nicotine 2 and 5 days after being returned to the standard vivarium conditions with a 12-hour-light/12-hour-dark cycle. The magnitude of the hyperthermia observed is characteristic of the response to the injection of saline. Twelve days after return to standard vivarium conditions the thermic response of the sample was at baseline.
Case study: Wooden Shoe Dairy, New Mexico, USA

This teaching case enables students to examine basic forces transforming the structure of the dairy industry. A New Mexico family farm faces challenges associated with its large milk production volume. In an environment of rapid but uncertain change, questions regarding future management structure and investment priorities must be answered. The dairy examined is considered representative of the modern dairies of Netherlands lineage operating throughout the southwestern United States. This case does not represent an actual farm, but is a composite of realistic design.
Analysis of photoemission from chalcogen adsorption on Ni(111)

The results of a systematic study of chalcogen adsorption on Ni(111) utilizing angular resolved photoemission illuminate several interesting trends in the bond formation. The unique feature of polarized and variable photon energy from synchrotron radiation is used to resolve effectively some of the spectral features. These trends are detectable due to a unique ability to resolve spectroscopically the splitting of the degeneracy of the adsorbate p levels for a sequence of adsorbate-elements. The position and symmentry of the (px, py) and pz adsorbate derived bands at Γ are evaluated for a variety of ordered chalcogen overlayers. A likely interpretation for producing the observed splitting is illustrated by the results of a tight binding model calculation on an hexagonal net. Treatment of the quadratic net reveals interesting conclusions that for a c(2 × 2) overlayer the (px,py) level is non-bonding at Γ.
Calculations of the partial differential photoionization cross sections for the valence bands of ethylene

Abstract Partial photoionization cross sections and the angular distribution parameter, β, have been calculated for the six valence orbitals of ethylene using the multiple-scattering Xα method. The calculations cover the energy range from 1.36 eV above the ionization threshold to 50 eV photon energy for each orbital. Shape resonances were found in both the b 1u and b 2u continuum channels near the ionization threshold. Within the electric dipole selection rule these resonances would influence photoionization from the 1b 3g -3a g and 2a g orbitals. A very broad maximum in the cross section was found in the b 3g continuum channel associated with ionization from the 2b 1u orbital. The presence of resonances in or near the ionization continuum is discussed in terms of the possible molecular orbitals generated in a minimum basis set LCAO calculation. Although the exact position of resonances cannot be obtained this way, it is possible to predict the possible presence of shape resonances and the orbitals likely to be involved. Based on the results of the calculations the potential use of the angular distribution parameter for orbital assignments is discussed.
Oviposition by European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Response to Various Transgenic Corn Events

Oviposition preference by European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), for or against transgenic corn would influence amounts of refuge required for resistance management. The objective of this research was to determine if various Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn transgenic events influence O. nubilalis oviposition. All commercially available events (currently 5) were evaluated, plus 1 experimental event. Results from 3 independent studies are reported, including 3 field-cage experiments with vegetative corn, 2 field-cage experiments with reproductive corn, and 2 field experiments with natural O. nubilalis on reproductive corn. In each case, Bt corn hybrids are compared with their near isogenic hybrids by counting numbers of egg masses on each plant type. More extensive comparisons were made in 3 of the experiments by determining the number, size, and location of egg masses on the corn hybrids. Moths laid more egg masses on Bt corn than on non-Bt corn in 1 cage experiment. These results, however, were not found in any of the other experiments. There is evidence that suggests cage effects influence moth oviposition more than Bt protein. Four of the 5 cage experiments and 2 field experiments indicate that the tested Bt events do not influence O. nubilalis oviposition. Larval injury to isogenic corn during the vegetative stage did not influence adult oviposition during the corn reproductive stage when compared with Bt corn and noninjured isogenic corn. Based on these experiments, suggestions are made for future studies that use natural O. nubilalis rather than O. nubilalis in cages.
On the Edge of Mathematics and Biology Integration: Improving Quantitative Skills in Undergraduate Biology Education

The feature describes two major efforts to integrate mathematics and biology. A call is made to biologists to consider the need to address biology undergraduate education changes and to use the resources described.
Counselor Identity Development: Toward a Model for the Formation of Professional Identity

The purpose of this examination is to identify how counselor educators can assist students in developing professional identity. We propose that this process consists of three learning domains: knowledge, skill, and attitudes. Focusing on the attitudinal, we suggest use of the Context-Phase-Stage-Style (CPSS) model. We propose several practical methods counselor educators can use to attend to the development of professional attitudes among counselors-in-training, using the CPSS model, including mentoring and specific pedagogical techniques.
Infusion technique of hematopoietic progenitor cells and related adverse events (CME).

Background The use of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant has risen over the past two decades. A variety of adverse events (AEs) of varying severity have been noted during HPC infusions. These AEs have been associated with several factors such as the amount of dimethyl sulfoxide and white blood cells in the HPC product. We performed a single-institution retrospective analysis to determine the effect of two different HPC infusion techniques, manual push with syringes versus infusion from bags with the aid of gravity, on the occurrence of infusion-related AEs. Study Design and Methods Infusions between December 2008 and November 2010 involving peripheral blood HPCs were reviewed. Pertinent clinical and HPC product–related information was recorded. Data were analyzed to determine the incidence of infusion-related AEs and its association with patient and product-related variables. Results We found 461 AEs in 645 patients during the study period. A total of 325 (50%) experienced at least one AE. Flushing was the most common type of AE followed by nausea and hypertension. The use of syringe infusion was more commonly associated with AEs (odds ratio, 1.82 [95% confidence interval, 1.32-2.50]; p = 0.002). Other independent risk factors were cryopreserved products and the amount of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the product. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the effect of two different infusion techniques on infusion-related AEs. Our findings suggest that the use of bags for infusion protected the patients from AEs.
Ontogeny, immunocytochemical localization, and biochemical properties of the pregnancy-associated uterine elastase/cathepsin-G protease inhibitor, antileukoproteinase (ALP): monospecific antibodies to a synthetic peptide recognize native ALP.

Expression of the mRNA encoding the elastase/cathepsin-G protease inhibitor, antileukoproteinase (ALP), is highest in pig uterus during mid- and late pregnancy, suggesting a stage of pregnancy-dependent role for ALP in feto-maternal interactions. To elucidate a function for ALP in these events, immunogenic probes were developed to localize sites of ALP expression in the environment of the developing fetus. Monospecific antibodies raised against a 16-mer synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 21-36 (ALP 16P) of the deduced amino acid sequence of pig uterine ALP were generated by active immunization of sheep. ALP 16P conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin elicited high titer antibodies that were specific to ALP. The antipeptide antibodies were used to characterize pig uterine ALP from allantoic fluids. Uterine ALP has an approximate mol wt of 14,000 and a pI of 8.2 and exhibits elastase inhibitor activity. Amino-terminal amino acid sequencing of uterine ALP indicated the sequence AENALKGGACPPRKIVQC, w...
A statistical model of the oceans' variable depth

Abstract A compact regional model of the deep ocean is proposed. In addition to the mean depth, the model includes several statistical measures of the depth's randomness which are derived from the two point auto-correlation function of the variation in depth. One-dimensional forms of these scales are computed from available data along four arcs spanning the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The results suggest that the ratio of the rms variation in depth to the mean depth is similar in both oceans (0·1–0·2) and that the length scale of correlation is longer in the Pacific (760 and 1100 km) than in the Atlantic (270 and 350 km). On the basis of this data, some suggestions are offered concerning where future data would be most valuable and the minimum requirements it must satisfy to be statistically reducible.
Adult Awareness of a Youth-Focused Anti-Tobacco Campaign: Does Having Children Matter?

Data from a survey of tobacco use conducted in 2001 was used to examine if Florida's youth-focused anti-tobacco media campaign, which focused on cigarette smoking, reached adults. The majority of the sample was white (87%), high school or college educated (85%), and over half with children (56%). Differences in awareness and intentions to quit among adult smokers with and without children were examined. About 50% of adults were aware of the campaign and the awareness of the tobacco industry manipulation theme was associated with intentions to quit, independent of having children. These findings provide evidence that youth-targeted anti-tobacco media campaigns can reach adults; however, to change the behavior of adults who smoke, it may not be appropriate to have a "one-size-fits-all" program. The study's limitations are noted.
A computational screen for C/D box snoRNAs in the human genomic region associated with Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) play a significant role in Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) and Angelman Syndrome (AS), which are genomic disorders resulting from deletions in the human chromosomal region 15q11-q13. To identify snoRNAs in the region, our computational study employs key motif features of C/D box snoRNAs and introduces a complementary RNA-RNA hybridization test. We identify three previously unknown methylation guide snoRNAs targeting ribosomal 18S and 28S RNAs, and two snoRNAs targeting serotonin receptor 2C mRNA. We show that the three snoRNA candidates likely possess methylation strands complementary to, and form stable complexes with, human ribosomal RNAs. Our screen also identifies 8 other snoRNA candidates that do not pass the rRNA-complementarity and/or hybridization tests. Two of these candidates have extensive sequence similarity to HBII-52, a snoRNA that regulates the alternative splicing of serotonin receptor 2C mRNA. Six out of our eleven candidate snoRNAs are also predicted by other existing methods.
Cytosolic Glucocorticoid Receptors in Skeletal Muscle of the Newborn Calf

A study was conducted to provide information on the characteristics of skeletal muscle glucocorticoid receptors and to determine the response of serum cortisol and thyroxine secretion to colostrum feeding in the neonatal calf. Twenty-four calves (12 males and 12 females) were obtained immediately postpartum and randomly assigned to one of two treatments after being blocked by breed and sex. The treatments consisted of: 1) pooled colostrum and 2) pooled whole milk, with both treatments being force-fed at birth, 12, 24 and 36 h postpartum. Muscle biopsies (20–30 g) were surgically removed from the right semitendinosus at 36 h postpartum from 14 of the 24 calves (7 male and 7 female). There were no glucocorticoid receptor differences in muscle samples from either the colostrum or milk-fed calves. Binding of dexamethasone to skeletal muscle cytosol indicated a moderate to high affinity (Kd = 2.34 × 10−8M) and a low capacity (37.61 fmol/mg cytosolic protein) binding receptor. Competition assays indicated that ...
Virtual implementation in incomplete information environments with infinite alternatives and types

Abstract This paper considers virtual implementation in both dominant strategy equilibrium and Bayesian strategy equilibrium for incomplete information environments with general payoff functions, any number of agents, and arbitrary sets of alternatives and types. We characterize virtual implementability in private-value models by giving necessary and sufficient conditions. We show that a social choice function is virtually implementable in Bayesian (resp. dominant strategy) equilibrium if and only if it is Bayesian (resp. dominant strategy) incentive compatible. We also show that incentive compatibility is the necessary and sufficient condition for a class of common-value economic environements where there are two or more alternatives that have no valuation externalities. In addition, our mechanism for transferable utility models satisfies budget balancing constraints.
Ligand-dependent dynamics of retinoic acid receptor binding during early neurogenesis

Among its many roles in development, retinoic acid determines the anterior-posterior identity of differentiating motor neurons by activating retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-mediated transcription. RAR is thought to bind the genome constitutively, and only induce transcription in the presence of the retinoid ligand. However, little is known about where RAR binds to the genome or how it selects target sites. We tested the constitutive RAR binding model using the retinoic acid-driven differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into differentiated motor neurons. We find that retinoic acid treatment results in widespread changes in RAR genomic binding, including novel binding to genes directly responsible for anterior-posterior specification, as well as the subsequent recruitment of the basal polymerase machinery. Finally, we discovered that the binding of transcription factors at the embryonic stem cell stage can accurately predict where in the genome RAR binds after initial differentiation. We have characterized a ligand-dependent shift in RAR genomic occupancy at the initiation of neurogenesis. Our data also suggest that enhancers active in pluripotent embryonic stem cells may be preselecting regions that will be activated by RAR during neuronal differentiation.
Efficient quadratic regularization for expression arrays.

SUMMARY Gene expression arrays typically have 50 to 100 samples and 1000 to 20 000 variables (genes). There have been many attempts to adapt statistical models for regression and classification to these data, and in many cases these attempts have challenged the computational resources. In this article we expose a class of techniques based on quadratic regularization of linear models, including regularized (ridge) regression, logistic and multinomial regression, linear and mixture discriminant analysis, the Cox model and neural networks. For all of these models, we show that dramatic computational savings are possible over naive implementations, using standard transformations in numerical linear algebra.
Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Etiologic Diagnosis of Stroke

One-sixth of all cerebral infarctions are the result of cardioembolic phenomena. The certainty with which the diagnosis of cardioembolic stroke is made, however, is frequently questioned. This has partly been the result of the low sensitivity of traditional cardiac diagnostic procedures, such as surface transthoracic echocardiography and Holter monitoring. Transesophageal echocardiography is a relatively new technique that has been shown to increase the yield for demonstrating cardiac abnormalities capable of producing brain embolism, particularly disease of the left atrium, left atrial appendage, and atrial septum. The sensitivity of this technique for documenting intracardiac thrombi, mitral valve prolapse, left atrial spontaneous contrast, particularly in comparison with transthoracic echocardiography is examined after reviewing the published series.
Smoking and suicidality in subjects with bipolar disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).

BACKGROUND: Smoking in patients with bipolar disorder is known to be related to suicidality. This link has not been investigated, however, in community-based samples. The aim of this study is to delineate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of bipolar smokers and examine the relationship between these characteristics and suicidal ideation or attempts in an epidemiologic database, the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). METHODS: Subjects (n = 1,643) with bipolar disorder I and II, defined by the DSM-IV criteria, who had a history of low moods lasting more than 2 weeks were included in our analysis. Current smokers, former smokers, and lifetime nonsmokers were compared in terms of demographic, clinical characteristics, and functional level. Suicidality, evaluated by a history of suicide ideation and attempts while in low mood were compared. RESULTS: Current smokers with bipolar disorder showed a greater number of DSM-IV symptoms while in acute episodes, higher rate of alcohol, and drug use disorders, as well as poorer functional levels than nonsmokers. Previous smokers displayed intermediate characteristics between current smokers and nonsmokers. The logistic regression analysis revealed that current smoking status predicted the risk of having a history of attempted suicide (Odds ratio 1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.76) after adjusting for age, sex, race, bipolar subtype, lifetime axis II/anxiety/alcohol use/substance use disorder; however, lifetime smoking status did not. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms that current cigarette smoking can predict attempted suicide in a community representative sample of people with bipolar disorder. Language: en
Parallel fluid dynamics computations in aerospace applications

Massively parallel finite element computations of the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations using parallel supercomputers are presented. The finite element formulations are based on the conservation variables and the streamline-upwind/Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) stabilization method is used to prevent potential numerial oscillations due to dominant advection terms. These computations are based on both implicit and explicit methods and their parallel implementation assumes that the mesh is unstructured. The implicit computations are based on iterative strategies. Large-scale 3D problems are solved using a matrix-free iteration technique which reduces the memory requirements significantly. The flow problems we consider typically come from aerospace applications, including those in 3D and those involving moving boundaries interacting with boundary layers and shocks. Problems with fixed boundaries are solved using a semidiscrete formulation and the ones involving moving boundaries are solved using the deformable-spatial-domain/stabilized-space-time (DSD/SST) formulation.
Local Budgeting and Finance: 25 Years of Developments

This article traces developments in budgeting and finance at the local government level over the past 25 years. In doing so, it uses the 290 related articles published in Public Budgeting & Finance over this period as its foundation and as a sieve for topic selection. Specific attention is directed to intergovernmental finance, financial management, budgeting and budget reform, alternative service delivery, and capital budgeting. The intent is to sift through important developments in each area, highlight their significance at the time and their importance to the present and future.
Endometrial Sarcoma With Intracardiac Extension

Endometrial stromal sarcoma with intracardiac extensions is a rare and life-threatening occurrence. Proper diagnosis through diagnostic imaging and pathologic studies is important for improved patient outcome.
VFMAs, Virtual-flow Multipath Algorithms for MPLS

This paper deals with IP traffic engineering (TE) for multipath selection in MPLS networks. A centralized and a distributed routing algorithms are proposed, which aggregate IP flows entering the MPLS domain, and optimally partition them among virtual flows that are forwarded on multiple paths according to their quality of service (QoS) requirements. The virtual-flow multipath routing problem is formulated as a multicommodity network flow (MCNF) problem, and is solved by implementing on-line the Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition method, which is proven to converge to the optimal solution through an iterative procedure that divides the complex optimization problem into a tractable subproblem. The proposed multipath algorithms are shown to outperform single-path routing solutions by means of extensive simulation experiments.
A geometric analysis of diffusion tensor measurements of the human brain.

The degree of diffusion tensor anisotropy is often associated with the organization of structural tissues such as white matter. Numerous measures of diffusion anisotropy have been proposed, which could lead to confusion in interpreting and comparing results from different studies. In this study, a new method for representing the diffusion tensor shape, called the three-phase (3P) plot, is described. This is a graphical technique based upon a barycentric coordinate system, which weights the tensor shape by a combination of linear, cylindrical, and spherical shape factors. This coordinate system can be used to map and potentially segment different tissues based upon the tensor shape. In addition, the 3P plot can be used to examine the shape properties of existing measures of diffusion anisotropy. In this paper, the 3P plot is used to compare four well-known anisotropy measures: the anisotropy index, the fractional anisotropy, the relative anisotropy, and the volume fraction. Computer simulations and diffusion tensor images of normal brains were obtained to study the properties of this new mapping technique. Magn Reson Med 44:283–291, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An Introduction to Gamification: Adding Game Elements for Engagement

Gamification is defined as the use of game design elements in a nongame context. While gamification is not a new concept, new dynamics are unfolding that may cause more businesses, educators, and librarians to consider the use of game-like elements into future endeavors. In addition to more generation Y or millennials entering higher education and the workplace, there has been a significant acceptance of routinely using smartphones and playing games. This column will explain what gamification is, provide an overview of the benefits and concerns surrounding gamification, and describe how and where it is currently being used.
The risk of lymphedema after postoperative radiation therapy in endometrial cancer.

Objective: Lower extremity lymphedema adversely affects quality of life by causing discomfort, impaired mobility and increased risk of infection. The goal of this study is to investigate factors that influence the likelihood of lymphedema in patients with endometrial cancer who undergo adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy. Methods: A retrospective chart review identified all stage I–III endometrial cancer patients who had a hysterectomy with or without complete staging lymphadenectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy between January 2006 and February 2013. Patients with new-onset lymphedema after treatment were identified. Logistic regression was used to find factors that influenced lymphedema risk. Results: Of 212 patients who met inclusion criteria, 15 patients (7.1%) developed new-onset lymphedema. Lymphedema was associated with lymph-node dissection (odds ratio [OR], 5.6; 95% CI, 1.01 to 105.5; p=0.048) and with the presence of pathologically positive lymph nodes (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.4 to 12.3; p=0.01). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed the association with lymph-node positivity (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.0007 to 10.7; p=0.0499) when controlled for lymph-node dissection. Median time to lymphedema onset was 8 months (range, 1 to 58 months) with resolution or improvement in eight patients (53.3%) after a median of 10 months. Conclusion: Lymph-node positivity was associated with an increased risk of lymphedema in endometrial cancer patients who received adjuvant radiation. Future studies are needed to explore whether node-positive patients may benefit from early lymphedema-controlling interventions.
The Use of Heparin in Patients in Whom a Pulmonary Embolism is Suspected After Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background: The morbidity and mortality associated with pulmonary embolism are well known, as is the benefit of the use of heparin in patients who have a pulmonary embolism. However, the patterns of heparin use as well as its undesirable effects, especially in patients who have recently had a total hip arthroplasty, have been less well studied. Thus, concern arises regarding the use of heparin in patients who have no firm evidence of a pulmonary embolism. The purpose of the current study was to track the use of heparin and associated orthopaedic complications in patients in whom a pulmonary embolism was suspected after a total hip arthroplasty. Methods: The records of 150 patients in whom a pulmonary embolism had been suspected after a total hip arthroplasty were reviewed retrospectively. The rates of individual complications (such as stroke, infection, and hematoma) and those of groups of complications (such as medical complications, orthopaedic complications, and all complications combined) were recorded and then were stratified according to the treatment (with or without heparin), the presence or absence of pulmonary embolism, and other variables. Results: Thirty-two (47 percent) of sixty-eight patients who were managed with heparin had complications compared with sixteen (20 percent) of eighty-two patients who were not thus managed (p = 0.0006). Specifically, patients who were managed with heparin were more likely to have gastrointestinal bleeding, hematological complications, a loose prosthesis, a hematoma, or an early revision arthroplasty (p < 0.05 for all). With the numbers available, the use of heparin was not found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of death, stroke, or infection at the site of the prosthesis. Interestingly, thirty-one (31 percent) of ninety-nine patients who had ventilation-perfusion scans that demonstrated normal findings or findings indicating a low probability of pulmonary embolism were given heparin before the diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism was excluded, and sixteen (52 percent) of these thirty-one had complications. Conclusions: Given this risk profile, we advise against the use of heparin before the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is established in patients who have had a total hip arthroplasty. This recommendation is supported by algorithms, in widely read medical texts, pertaining to the use of heparin in patients in whom a pulmonary embolism is suspected.
Commercialization of THz-IR photonics for homeland security and material inspection

Photonics technologies for non-destructive evaluation of complex materials and structures such as Infrared-Terahertz Spectroscopy and Photothermal Diagnostics are discussed for applications in homeland security, inspection of semiconductor structures, and biomedical diagnostics.
Regional brands in the South Bohemia and consumer protection

This paper continues the Internal grant 8/09 – Srbova on the theme „Regional brands in the South Bohemia and consumer protection“ and is one of the output of the Faculty of Agriculture of South Bohemian University research in the part „Marketing implements of the backing of the regional markets“. The main aim of this paper is to introdukce the regional brands in the South Bohemia and the results of the marketing research. This research focused on the consumer knowledge and experience with these regional brands.
Patient Navigators Connecting Patients to Community Resources to Improve Diabetes Outcomes

Background: Despite the recognized importance of lifestyle modification in reducing risk of developing type 2 diabetes and in diabetes management, the use of available community resources by both patients and their primary care providers (PCPs) remains low. The patient navigator model, widely used in cancer care, may have the potential to link PCPs and community resources for reduction of risk and control of type 2 diabetes. In this study we tested the feasibility and acceptability of telephone-based nonprofessional patient navigation to promote linkages between the PCP office and community programs for patients with or at risk for diabetes. Methods: This was a mixed-methods interventional prospective cohort study conducted between November 2012 and August 2013. We included adult patients with and at risk for type 2 diabetes from six primary care practices. Patient-level measures of glycemic control, diabetes care, and self-efficacy from medical records, and qualitative interview data on acceptability and feasibility, were used. Results: A total of 179 patients participated in the study. Two patient navigators provided services over the phone, using motivational interviewing techniques. Patient navigators provided regular feedback to PCPs and followed up with the patients through phone calls. The patient navigators made 1028 calls, with an average of 6 calls per patient. At follow-up, reduction in HbA1c (7.8 ± 1.9% vs 7.2 ± 1.3%; P = .001) and improvement in patient self-efficacy (3.1 ± 0.8 vs 3.6 ± 0.7; P Conclusions: The patient navigator model is a promising and acceptable strategy to link patient, PCP, and community resources for promoting lifestyle modification in people living with or at risk for type 2 diabetes.