cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Highly phosphorescent bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes: synthesis, photophysical characterization, and use in organic light emitting diodes.

The synthesis and photophysical study of a family of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes are reported. The iridium complexes have two cyclometalated (C∧N) ligands and a single monoanionic, bidentate ancillary ligand (LX), i.e., C∧N2Ir(LX). The C∧N ligands can be any of a wide variety of organometallic ligands. The LX ligands used for this study were all β-diketonates, with the major emphasis placed on acetylacetonate (acac) complexes. The majority of the C∧N2Ir(acac) complexes phosphoresce with high quantum efficiencies (solution quantum yields, 0.1−0.6), and microsecond lifetimes (e.g., 1−14 μs). The strongly allowed phosphorescence in these complexes is the result of significant spin−orbit coupling of the Ir center. The lowest energy (emissive) excited state in these C∧N2Ir(acac) complexes is a mixture of 3MLCT and 3(π−π*) states. By choosing the appropriate C∧N ligand, C∧N2Ir(acac) complexes can be prepared which emit in any color from green to red. Simple, systematic changes in the C∧N ligands, whic...
Electrical charges on airborne microorganisms

Abstract We have investigated the parameters affecting the magnitude and polarity of the electric charges carried by biological particles in the airborne state. A recently developed experimental setup through which we analyzed the electric charges imposed on airborne particles by a means of induction charging (Mainelis et al. (Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, submitted for publication)) was utilized for this research. In this study, the microorganisms were aerosolized under controlled conditions and an electric mobility analyzer extracted particles of specific electric mobility. The extracted microorganisms were then analyzed by an optical particle size spectrometer. The amount of electric charge carried by airborne microorganisms was found to depend on the dispersion method and can be more than 10,000 elementary electric charges. This finding contrasts with the low electric charge levels carried by non-biological particles. Our data show that repeated pneumatic dispersion of sensitive bacteria affects their structural integrity, which, in turn, changes the magnitude of electric charges carried by these bacteria. We have concluded that the amount of electric charge carried by aerosolized bacteria may be used as an indicator of mechanical stress. It was also found that the electrical conductivity and the pH level of a bacterial suspension increase during aerosolization from a Collison nebulizer. Thus, these two parameters may be used as indicators of the mechanical stress, injury and loss in viability, endured by bacteria during aerosolization, i.e., measuring the electrical conductivity and pH level of bacterial suspensions may be a simple and convenient method for monitoring the “wear and tear” of the bacteria suspended in deionized water.
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF l-TRIIODOTHYRONLNE

The physiologic effects of prolonged administration of l-triiodothyronine (50–200 micrograms daily by mouth) were studied in a group of 10 male and 8 female institutionalized chronic psychiatric patients for thirty-eight weeks, during which 340 blood samples were obtained. All blood samples were analyzed for concentration of serum low- and high-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol and protein-bound iodine. Body weight, blood pressure, and pulse rate were recorded for each patient at the time of venipuncture. Statistical analysis of the data showed: 1) Marked lipoprotein-specific reductions in Sf° 0–12 and Sf° 12–20 and in total cholesterol levels in both male and female patients. Statistically significant reductions in Sf° 20–100 and Sf° 100–400 serum lipoprotcins occurred only in female patients. 2) A distinctly positive correlation was found in female patients between the degree of reduction of Sf° 0–20 serum lipoprotein concentration caused by I-triiodothyronine and the initial Sf° 0–20 levels; in m...
Shock-wave impact fusion with cluster beams

Abstract A theoretical model is presented for shock-wave cluster impact fusion that can explain and predict DD fusion rates for D 2 O, H 2 O, and D cluster beams impacting on deuterated targets, e.g. TiD, (C 2 D 4 ) n , and ZrD 1.65 . Two physically reasonable parameters, obtained from one set of data, are used as input in the general theory to provide predictions for different targets and projectiles. This theory in the form of a universal scaling equation explains and reproduces the observed fusion rates as a function of cluster beam composition and energy.
Automatic therapeutic substitution in a psychiatric hospital

Automatic therapeutic substitution protocols have become common practice in health care systems in the last ten to fifteen years. These protocols can help formulary management, simplify pharmacy inventory, and reduce costs. To date, psychotropics continue to be absent from the most common automatic substitution policies. This article will describe the rationale for select psychotropic substitutions.
A theoretical value for von Karman's constant

This paper extends the theory of the entity and entrainment model of turbulence to obtain a numerical value of von Karman's constant,k=0.37.
Optimal design and operation for simultaneous shale gas NGL recovery and LNG re-gasification under uncertainties

Abstract Both shale gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) contain certain amounts of C2+ hydrocarbons (NGL), which might profitably be recovered. To accomplish this, the shale gas stream needs cold energy to chill down and scrub NGL; while the LNG stream needs hot energy to evaporate and separate from NGL. Thus, integrating both processes of shale gas processing and LNG re-gasification, so as to utilize cold energy from LNG re-gasification process to assist the NGL recovery, has potentially significant benefits on both energy savings and high-value product productions. In this paper, a new methodology to guide the conceptual design and operation for such a process synthesis has been developed, where the uncertainty of shale gas feed rate changes has been considered. The methodology includes four steps of work: superstructure development and data preparation, synthesis model development and solution identification, heat exchanger network design, and final process validation via rigorous simulations. Compared with the recent study of Wang et al. (2013) , the paper has two major contributions: (1) a new MILP model with more precise process presentations; and (2) process synthesis with consideration of the uncertainty of shale gas feed rate, which enhanced future operational flexibility of the conceptual design.
Aerothermodynamic Analysis of Stardust Sample Return Capsule With Coupled Radiation and Ablation

An aerothermodynamic analysis of the forebody aeroshell of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule is carried out using the axisymmetric viscous shock-layer (VSL) equations with and without fully coupled radiation and ablation. Formulation of the VSL equations with shoulder radius as the length scale and implementation of the Vigneron pressure condition allow resolution of the flowfield over the shoulder. With a predominantly supersonic outflow over the shoulder, a globally iterated solution of VSL equations can be obtained. The stagnation-point results are obtained along a specified trajectory, whereas detailed calculations along the body are provided at the peak heating point. The coupled laminar and turbulent flow solutions with radiation and ablation are obtained using the equilibrium flow chemistry, whereas a nonequilibrium chemistry model is used for solutions without ablation and turbulence. The equilibrium calculations are physically consistent and a practical way to conserve surface (and flow-field) elemental composition for the current small ablation injection rates, where the surface elemtal composition is a mixture of freestream and ablator elements. A maximum stagnation heating of about 1100 W/cm2 is obtained for the no ablation injection case with nonequilibrium flow chemistry and an equilibrium catalytic wall boundary condition. The corresponding radiative quilibrium flow chemistry and an equilibrium catalytic wall boundary condition. The corresponding radiative quilibrium wall temperature is about 3800 K. A similar stagnation heating value is obtained with equilibrium flow chemistry. With ablation injection, this value is reduced by about 35 percent. Reduction in heating due to ablation is slightly less downstream of the stagnation point, along the conical flank, and over the shoulder. For the ablation injection and turbulent flow solutions, with instantaneous transition just downstream of the stagnation line, the heating is reduced by only about 13 percent on the conical flank and shoulder from a non-ablating laminar solution. The reduction in heating by ablation injection appears to be partially offset by augmentation due to turbulence in this case.
Action of noradrenaline and ascorbic acid on C-21 hydroxylation of steroids by adrenocortical microsomes.

Abstract The effects of d -noradrenaline, d -adrenaline, and l -ascorbic acid on C-21 hydroxylation of 17α-OH-progesterone by bovine adrenocortical microsomes were studied. Concentrations of ascorbate as low as 10−5M inhibited C-21 hydroxylation by 30–60%. The inhibition could be relieved by similarly low concentrations of the catecholamines which, in absence of added ascorbate, accelerated C-21 hydroxylations by 30–60%. Measurements of O2 uptake with a platinum electrode and spectrophotometric determinations of TPNH oxidation showed that ascorbate increased the rates of O2 uptake and TPNH oxidation, while noradrenaline retarded these reactions. It is concluded that ascorbate and catecholamines affect antagonistically the rate of side reactions that compete with the hydroxylase for the electrons of TPNH.
Automatic Timer for Cryotherapy

An automatic timer, built into an electric cryounit, was useful when repeated applications were necessary during cryotherapy.
Food imports of developing countries

Abstract The trend of food imports of developing countries and its interpretation are discussed. The author presents an analysis across countries of changes in the food supply balances and cereal imports from the early 1960s to the late 1970s. Changes in food energy supplies have not corresponded closely with changes in domestic food production per head, and the increase in imports tends to be greater in middle income than in low income countries. The balance of payments implications are examined, and the article concludes with a consideration of the reliability of international market supplies.
Perceptions of discrimination and justice in New York City

Purpose – There has been limited analysis on the intersections of race, gender, inequality (e.g. education, income), and procedural/distributive justice and the perceived prevalence of racially biased policing. Using data from a sample of New York City residents who were asked to judge the New York City Police Department on measures related to racially biased policing and to procedural/distributive justice, this paper builds a perception of discrimination composite tied to perceived personal experience with officer bias and to beliefs regarding the perceived prevalence and justification for such behavior.Design/methodology/approach – First, the bivariate relation between race and the perception of discrimination composite is examined. Then, logistic regression is employed to explain the composite with the complement of demographic and attitudinal variables. Finally, split sample analyses are conducted to examine demographic and attitudinal variables separately for blacks and non‐blacks.Findings – Blacks w...
Achieving Perfection through Variability: The Basal Ganglia Helped Me Do It!

Motor variability can facilitate motor exploration necessary for learning. In this issue of Neuron, Woolley et al. (2014) record at different stages of the songbird basal ganglia and show that social-context modulation of motor variability first emerges in the pallidum.
Barriers to immunosuppressive medication adherence in high-risk adult renal transplant recipients

BACKGROUND Non-adherence to immunosuppressive medication in renal transplant recipients is a primary cause of kidney rejection. However, little is known about the reasons transplant patients are non-adherent. We report on the specific barriers to medication adherence in 94 kidney transplant recipients from a medical center in Brooklyn, New York. METHODS Transplant patients waiting for their monthly medical appointment completed questionnaires relating to their adherence, level of depression, barriers to medication taking, and beliefs in their abilities to take their medication as prescribed. RESULTS The particular barriers that were most associated with lower levels of adherence were too many doses per day, too many pills per dose, having to remember to take medication, perceived side effects of medication, skipping a dose to feel good, falling out of a daily routine, and being short of money. The overall level of barriers that the sample endorsed was associated with increased depression (r = 0.209, p = 0.049) and decreased medi-cation self-efficacy (r = −0.300, p = 0.004). An elevation in the “unintentional” factor of the barriers scale was significantly associated with depression (r = 0.211, p = 0.046), but not directly with adherence. The “deliberate” factor was associated with non-adherence (r = −0.21, p 0.05) CONCLUSIONS There may be two reasons transplant recipients are non-adherent to prescribed medications. One set of barriers is related to deliberately choosing to skip doses, and the other set is related to inadvertent or uncontrollable situations. Interventions designed to promote adherence in this population should address both pathways. Dial. Transplant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased cave dwelling reduces the ability of cave crickets to resist dehydration

Differential strategies for maintaining water balance are reported for female adults of three cave crickets Hadenoecuscumberlandicus, H. opilionoides and H. jonesi, a species replacement series along the Cumberland Plateau in the southeastern United States. The distribution of H. cumberlandicus is much broader than the range of H. opilionoides, which is much smaller in body size, and that of H. jonesi, which possesses enhanced troglomorphic (cave dwelling) characteristics. Due to high net transpiration (water loss) rates and increased activation energies, H. jonesi and H. opilionoides are more susceptible to dehydration than H. cumberlandicus. To avoid dehydration, H. opilionoides and H. jonesi require more moisture than H. cumberlandicus to counter their higher rates of water loss. The heightened reliance on moisture likely indicates that the more troglomorphic H. jonesi and smaller H. opilionoides are required to spend more time in the moist cave region. Reliance on the cave for H. cumberlandicus is presumably less, allowing them to function in epigean habitats for longer periods and disperse to nearby caves, likely accounting for the more expansive distribution of this cricket. While in the cave habitat, cave crickets are exposed to water-saturated conditions, reducing the pressure of dehydration stress the longer a species remains in this wet environment. This reduced pressure leads to higher water loss rates as cave confinement increases. We conclude that increasing water loss rates associated with increasing troglomorphic adaptation in cave crickets is a side effect of extended residence in stable moist cave environments.
Relativizing functors on rings and algebraic K-theory

is exact. Moreover it is clear from the anticipated applications that F(A, q) should depend functorially on the pair (A, q) and that the left-hand arrow should not, in general, be injective. Such relative groups have been defined, ad hoc, for many such functors F [1 , 2, 61. In this paper, we will describe a uniform xvay to define such relative groups which has the pleasant property of making certain theorems about these groups formal consequences of the corresponding theorems for the case (1 =: A-the “absolute” case. This construction and its formal properties are discussed in Section 1. In Section 2 we show that this construction yields the relative groups as previously defined for a variety of functors in algebraic K-theory. We also prove that various hypotheses on A carry over to certain rings constructed from A which are used in Section 1. Finally, in Section 3 we give examples of theorems of algebraic K-theory whose relative versions, using the theory of Sections 1 and 2, follow formally from their absolute versions.
Amino-acid sequence of a peptide from human-serum albumin.

A peptide obtained by cleavage of human serum albumin with cyanogen bromide was isolated by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The peptide contains 31 amino acids and has proline as its amino terminal residue. The amino acid sequence of this peptide has been determined by conventional methods.
Structural studies of silver/permalloy and copper/permalloy GMR spin valve multilayers

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) spin valves of the form Ag/Py/Ag/Py/FeMn and Cu/FeMn/Py/Cu/Py have been studied using conventional and high-resolution electron microscopy complemented with fast Fourier transform (FFT) diffractogram analysis. Cross-sectional TEM thin foil samples were prepared in order to characterize the layer structures and interfaces. In the Ag/Py system, we have examined a simple spin valve, part of which was grown on the Nb contact and part directly on the Si substrate. The spin valve displays a polycrystalline structure when grown on the Nb contact. In contrast, when grown directly on the Si substrate, the first Ag layer of the spin valve grew as a continuous epitaxial single crystal while the rest of the layers were polycrystalline. Two Cu/Py spin valves, grown on Nb, with 30 nm and 3 nm thick Py layers have been investigated. TEM images reveal good contrast between the Nb contacts and the spin valves, but weak contrast between the individual spin valve layers. Both spin valves displayed columnar, polycrystalline grain structures. HRTEM analysis indicates some non-equilibrium structures exist in the spin valve layers.
Developmental regulation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and PAC1 receptor mRNA expression in the rat central nervous system

Abstract As the brain develops, a homogeneous population of mitotically active progenitors generates the molecularly heterogeneous post-mitotic cells of the mature brain. The balance between cell division, growth arrest and differentiation of these progenitors undoubtedly requires the activation of a vast array of genes. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a member of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)/secretin/glucagon family. Within the nervous system, PACAP has been shown to stimulate neurite outgrowth, regulate neurotransmitter production and neuronal survival. These diverse biological actions are mediated through interaction with two types of receptors, a PACAP-selective receptor (PAC1-R) and receptors which interact almost equally with both VIP and PACAP. Since several lines of evidence suggest that PACAP acts as a neurotrophic factor, we sought to characterize PACAP and PAC1-R expression in the developing rat nervous system. The PAC1-R is expressed at very high levels in ventricular zones throughout the neuraxis. In addition to the embryonic enrichment in proliferative zones, PAC1-R expression is maintained in areas of neurogenesis in the adult central nervous system (CNS), namely, the subventricular zone of the olfactory bulb and hippocampal dentate gyrus. In contrast, PACAP is expressed primarily in the post-mitotic parenchyma. This temporal regulation and cellular distribution suggests that PACAP, through its interaction with the PAC1-R, may play a role in mammalian neurogenesis.
Functional aortic stenosis; a malformation characterized by resistance to left ventricular outflow without anatomic obstruction.

When the clinical findings of aortic stenosis are present and a pressure gradient is demonstrated between the left ventricle and aorta, a discrete site of obstruction, generally amenable to surgical correction, has been assumed. The fallacy of this widely held concept is emphasized by the operative and hemodynamic findings in 3 patients described.
Phonon emission by supersonic electrons

Abstract Phonon emission by supersonic electrons is investigated in the quantum region, i.e. when the photon wavelength is smaller than the electron mean path. A closed expression is derived for the rate of phonon emission for arbitrary supersonic electron velocity. The calculation of the total crystal momentum transferred via this process requires a detailed knowledge of the coupling constant or matrix element for the electron transition with phonon emission. For piezoelectric semiconductors with the zincblende structure the matrix elements for the acoustic phonons derived by Harrison have been adopted. Approximating the rate of phonon emission by an angle-independent average one can express the momentum transferred to phonons in terms of one-dimensional integrals.
gem-Dichloroallyllithium: A seemingly ambident nucleophile

Abstract gem -Dichloroallyllithium may be prepared by the reaction of n-butyllithium with 3,3,3-trichloropropene or, better, by reaction of n-butyllithium with Ph 3 PbCH 2 CHCCl 2 in THF at low temperatures. In reactions with trimethylchlorosilane, iodomethane and water the products are indicative of the presence of LiCCl 2 CHCH 2 , but its reactions with trimethyltin bromide and mercuric chloride give products indicative of the presence of LiCH 2 CHCCl 2 ; its reaction with trimethylchlorogermane gives both types of products. An explanation for this duality of behavior is offered.
Probing thrombin's ability to accommodate a V34F substitution within the factor XIII activation peptide segment (28–41)*

: In blood coagulation, thrombin helps to activate factor XIII (FXIII) by cleaving the activation peptide (AP) at the R37-G38 peptide bond. The common polymorphism V34L yields a FXIII that is more easily activated than the wild type enzyme. Peptides based on the FXIII (28–41) (28TVELQGVVPRGVNL41) sequence serve as an important model system to evaluate the substrate specificity of thrombin and thus how to regulate FXIII activation. Our previous kinetic and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies have suggested that the P4–P1 amino acids on this FXIII segment provide key anchors to the thrombin active site surface. Furthermore, the most effective amino acid to have at the P4 position is a leucine. In the current work, a peptide containing V34F was examined to probe the ability to accommodate an aromatic residue at this position. Kinetic parameters for thrombin-catalyzed hydrolysis of FXIII AP (28–41) V34F are comparable with that of the wild type V34. One-dimensional proton line-broadening studies reveal that the 34FVPR37 segment encompassing the P4–P1 positions makes the most contact with the thrombin surface. Two-dimensional transferred-nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) studies indicate that when the peptide is bound to thrombin, the F34 aromatic ring is oriented to promote P4–P2 interactions with P36. This characteristic has been viewed as a hallmark for V34L. An ability to generate this interaction may promote the ability of FXIII AP (28–41) V34F to remain a viable substrate for thrombin.
Hydrogen‐bond cooperativity in 1‐alkanol + n‐alkane binary mixtures

Hydrogen-bond cooperativity is an effect when hydrogen bonding is influenced by the previously formed hydrogen bond on the molecules. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, we have measured the extent of self hydrogen bonding in 1-hexanol and 1-pentanol dissolved in n-hexane. Conventional theories without hydrogen-bond cooperativity, such as the statistical-association-fluid theory, lattice-fluid-hydrogen-bonding theory, and associated perturbed-anisotropic-chain theory, cannot represent the experimental data accurately. The extended lattice-fluid-hydrogen-bonding theory that includes hydrogen-bond cooperativity agrees well with the experimental data. Study suggests that the equilibrium constant for the second hydrogen bond on 1-alkanol molecules is 10 times larger than that for the first hydrogen bond formation. Hence, strong hydrogen bond cooperativity exists in 1-alkanol self association. Equations of state dealing with 1-alkanol mixtures need to be modified to account for this strong hydrogen-bond cooperativity.
Effect of polystyrene–divinylbenzene resin sulfonation on solute retention in high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract Polystyrene–divinylbenzene (PS–DVB) resins were sulfonated under different conditions to give a series of resins with sulfonic acid capacities ranging from 0.27 to 2.63 mmol/g. Each of the resins was packed into a conventional column and used for HPLC separation of various substituted benzenes using acetonitrile–water solutions as the mobile phase. In a mobile phase of acetonitrile–water (30:70), a nearly linear decrease in retention factor with increasing sulfonic acid capacity was noted for a set of substituted benzenes (polar and non-polar). The retention factors at the highest sulfonic acid capacity studied (2.63 mmol/g) were only 0.10 to 0.16 that of the unsulfonated resin. The sulfonated resins were also used for quasi-normal-phase separations of polar analytes such as glycols and sugars. In binary acetonitrile–water mobile phases, retention factors increased in a regular fashion as the concentration of acetonitrile was increased from 70 to 95%. Retention factors of the same analytes also increased substantially with increases in sulfonic acid content of the resin.
Platelet Activation Results in a Redistribution of Glycoprotein IV (CD36)

To investigate the possibility that thrombin and/or other platelet activators change the platelet surface expression of glycoprotein IV (GPIV, CD36), we used a panel of five GPIV-specific monoclonal antibodies (OKM5, 5F1, FA6-152, 8A6, and F13) directed against different epitopes. All these antibodies bound to resting platelets in a concentration-dependent and saturable manner, as determined by flow cytometry of washed platelets. Thrombin (1 U/mL) induced an approximately twofold increase in the platelet surface binding of each of these monoclonal antibodies. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated an internal pool of GPIV that, after thrombin stimulation, redistributed to the platelet surface. In a whole-blood flow-cytometric assay, alpha-thrombin and the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619 each resulted in an approximately twofold increase in the platelet surface binding of OKM5, whereas ADP had a more modest effect, and collagen and epinephrine had little effect. The activation-induced up-regulation of the platelet OKM5 epitope occurred in vivo as demonstrated by flow cytometric analysis of whole blood emerging from a standardized skin puncture site. In summary, both in vitro and in vivo platelet activation results in increased platelet surface expression of GPIV, as a result of a redistribution of GPIV from an internal pool.
Vibrational spectra of specifically deuteriated 2,2'-bipyridine complexes of Fe(II), Ru(II) and Os(II)

The resonance Raman spectra of specifically deuteriated divalent d6 metal complexes are reported. These include the iron(II) and ruthenium(II) perdeuteriated complexes and the Ru(bpy-3,3′-d2)32+ and Ru(bpy-6,6′-d2)32+ complex ions. The syntheses of the deuteriated ligands are reported and the frequency shifts observed on deuteriation are correlated with the natural abundance iron(II), ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) complexes.
Sleep promotes lasting changes in selective memory for emotional scenes.

Although we know that emotional events enjoy a privileged status in our memories, we still have much to learn about how emotional memories are processed, stored, and how they change over time. Here we show a positive association between REM sleep and the selective consolidation of central, negative aspects of complex scenes. Moreover, we show that the placement of sleep is critical for this selective emotional memory benefit. When testing occurred 24hr post-encoding, subjects who slept soon after learning (24hr Sleep First group) had superior memory for emotional objects compared to subjects whose sleep was delayed for 16hr post-encoding following a full day of wakefulness (24hr Wake First group). However, this increase in memory for emotional objects corresponded with a decrease in memory for the neutral backgrounds on which these objects were placed. Furthermore, memory for emotional objects in the 24hr Sleep First group was comparable to performance after just a 12hr delay containing a night of sleep, suggesting that sleep soon after learning selectively stabilizes emotional memory. These results suggest that the sleeping brain preserves in long-term memory only what is emotionally salient and perhaps most adaptive to remember.
The husbandry of zebrafish (Danio rerio): A review

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently emerged as a pre-eminent vertebrate biomedical research model. The same favorable characteristics that have contributed to its popularity as a model of human disease and development; i.e. high fecundity, small size, rapid generation time, optical transparency during early embryogenesis, have also long endeared it to investigators in numerous other disciplines, including animal behavior, fish physiology, and aquatic toxicology. Despite this, the scientific rigour of zebrafish husbandry techniques is poorly developed. While there is a considerable body of literature on zebrafish that has both direct and indirect relevance to their husbandry, this information is from disparate sources, and little of it is has been applied to developing standard protocols. This review is an attempt to integrate the available scientific information related to zebrafish biology and culture into an overview of the field that can be used to improve the efficiency with which this important model animal is used in research. The review also highlights those areas in which further studies are needed.
Immunofluorescent localization of three Na,K-ATPase isozymes in the rat central nervous system : both neurons and glia can express more than one Na,K-ATPase

In the CNS, there are multiple isozymes of the sodium and potassium ion-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) that have differences in affinity for Na+, ATP, and cardiac glycosides. Three forms of the catalytic subunit (designated alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3) are known to be derived from different genes, but little is known of the cellular distributions of the proteins or their physiological roles. Isozyme-specific monoclonal antibodies permitted the immunofluorescent localization of the 3 Na,K-ATPases in the rat CNS, and markedly different patterns of staining were seen. All 3 isozymes were detected, singly or in combination, in 1 or more neuronal structures, while both alpha 1 and alpha 2 were detected in glia. Many different neuroanatomic structures or cell types stained for more than 1 isozyme. Even when a structure or region stained for more than 1 isozyme, the pattern of staining was frequently dissimilar, suggesting complex differences in gene expression and cellular localization.
Comparison of high speed voltage-scaled conventional and adiabatic circuits

The power versus frequency performance of a micro-pipelined conventional CMOS logic family is compared with that of three similarly pipelined energy-recovering logic families. Using a circuit simulator, the supplies and operating voltages of each family are optimized for minimum power consumption at each frequency. One of the energy-recovering logic families is shown to be capable of substantially lower dissipation than the conventional case, one is comparable, and one is worse.
Suspension recession: hang-back and hemihang-back techniques in strabismus surgery.

(1990). Suspension Recession: Hang-back and Hemihang-back Techniques in Strabismus Surgery. Seminars in Ophthalmology: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 193-201.
Simulation training to improve blood management: an approach to globalizing instruction in patient safety

In keeping with intent of this special issue-innovative ways to use modeling and simulation as an enabling technology-this paper addresses a global call for change in medical practice due to shifting populations, rising health risks, and increased expectation of governments to ensure patient safety. In advanced countries the basic economics of supply and demand are making a therapeutic commodity-blood-a costly treatment. In advancing states the rapid deformation of stored red blood cells and the prevalence of patient infection make standard transfusion medicine hazardous. As a result the World Health Organization has issued a call for alternatives to transfusion practice within the medical community. This paper introduces the implementation of patient blood management as that alternative standard of care, and it outlines an effective means to educate medical professionals via a web-based immersive simulation training tool. This tool was developed from evidence-based medicine, engineering and mathematical modeling, and simulations drawn from patient case studies. The medical instruction comprising this tool and its portability can readily serve a global audience of practitioners who are unfamiliar with these techniques and who are without an expedient means to obtain training. The tool is a multidisciplinary effort drawing on engineering, computer science, social science, and medical expertise. And just as this special issue stresses that simulation represents probably the only methodology to provide the human race with a tool for enabling control of mankind's evolution. Representing the cornerstone for anticipating future critical situations, this tool responds to an imminent dilemma in the global medical community.
Perceived objectivity and the effects of evaluative reinforcement upon compliance and self-evaluation in blacks

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of positive and negative reinforcements upon black college students. In the first experiment subjects received either positive or negative reinforcement from a black or a white Evaluator. Behavioral change (compliance) was greater in response to negative reinforcement from a black Evaluator than in response to negative reinforcement from a white Evaluator, while there were no divergent effects of Evaluator's Race upon compliance with positive reinforcement. The same pattern obtained in subjects' self-evaluations. The second experiment offered a test of the hypothesis that the objectivity of black Evaluators was perceived as greater than that of white Evaluators, and that a manipulation aimed at equating the Evaluators on objectivity would attenuate the effects of Evaluator's Race upon compliance and self-evaluation in response to negative reinforcement. These hypotheses were generally supported by the results.
A 10-Gb/sec unclocked current-mode logic (CML) analog decision-feedback equalizer (ADFE) in 0.18-μm CMOS

An unclocked analog decision-feedback equalizer (ADFE) is implemented in a 0.18-mum 40 GHz ft CMOS process to equalize legacy FR-4 backplane channels at 8~10-Gb/sec. The critical first feedback-loop latency requirement of the DFE is met by using a novel unclocked feedback topology and current-mode logic (CML) circuit building blocks. The circuit consists of a 4-tap linear analog feed-forward filter that cancels pre-cursor inter-symbol interference (ISI) to partially open the eye and a novel 1-tap analog tunable CML feedback filter that enables cancellation of the first post-cursor at 10-Gb/sec without the use of smaller process nodes or speculative techniques. The chip with pads occupies 1.04 mm2 and draws 240 mA DC current from a 1.8 V supply at a typical process corner. The ADFE is used to equalize 20 inches of FR-4 backplane traces at 8-Gb/sec and 10-Gb/sec.
Psychiatric disorders and behavioral characteristics of pediatric patients with both epilepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Abstract Objective Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) coexisting with epilepsy is poorly understood; thus, we compared the clinical correlates and psychiatric comorbid conditions of 36 children with epilepsy and ADHD aged 6 to 17 years enrolled in an ADHD treatment trial, with those reported in the literature on children with ADHD without epilepsy. Methods Measures included the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (KSADS), the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), and the Scales for Independent Behavior—Revised (SIB-R). Results Mean IQ was 86 ± 19, and SIB-R Standard Score was 72 ± 26. The ADHD—Combined subtype, composed of both inattentive and hyperactive symptoms, was most frequent (58%). Sixty-one percent exhibited a comorbid disorder, including anxiety disorders (36%) and oppositional defiant disorder (31%). Conclusions Comorbidity in ADHD with epilepsy is similar to that in ADHD without epilepsy reported in the literature. These preliminary data argue that the pathophysiology of ADHD has common components in both populations.
Detection for conflicts of dependencies in advanced transaction models

Transactional dependencies play an important role in coordinating the execution of subtransactions in advanced transaction models, such as, nested transactions and workflow transactions. The correct execution of the advanced transactions depends on ensuring the satisfaction of all the dependencies, which are specified by the application developer. Incorrect specification of transaction dependencies might lead to information integrity problems and unavailability of resources. An example of incorrect specification of dependencies is the presence of conflicts - the satisfaction of constraints imposed by one dependency may violate the constraints imposed by another dependency. Algorithms that can analyze and detect dependency conflicts are necessary. Although a lot of research appears on advanced transactions, no previous work has been done on analysis of dependency conflicts. In this work, we analyze different kinds of dependency conflicts, propose algorithms to detect and remove the conflicts of dependencies in advanced transaction specifications. This will enable the application developer to get assurance about the correctness of the dependency specification and the correct behavior of the underlying advanced transaction model.
Evaluation of Force-Based Frame Element Response Sensitivity Formulations

The direct differentiation method (DDM) has been shown to be an accurate and efficient approach to computing the sensitivity of structural response to uncertain parameters of constitutive models and finite-element formulations. Although it is well-known that the DDM should be consistent with the numerical time stepping procedure at the structural level, it is possible for element-level numerical instabilities to arise when the response sensitivity equations are inconsistent with the equations that govern the element response. Two existing formu- lations of DDM force-based element response sensitivity are shown to be mathematically equivalent in exact arithmetic; however, only one is consistent with the force-based response equations and possesses a low condition number for finite arithmetic. On the other hand, the in- consistent formulation has a high condition number that is equal to the product of the largest singular values of the section and element stiffness matrices. Representative examples show that the high condition number of the inconsistent formulation is innocuous for sensitivity with respect to section-level parameters but can lead to round off errors for sensitivity with respect to element-level geometric parameters. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000447. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Sensitivity analysis; Frames; Reliability; Optimization; Numerical analysis. Author keywords: Sensitivity analysis; Frame elements; Reliability; Optimization; Numerical analysis.
Violation of Factorization Theorem in QCD and QED For Non-Light-Like Wilson Line

By using path integral formulation of QCD and QED we prove that the factorization theorem is valid for light-like Wilson line but is not valid for non-light-like Wilson line. This conclusion is shown to be consistent with Ward identity and Grammer-Yennie approximation. Hence we find that the factorization theorem is violated in all the previous studies which used the non-light-like Wilson line in the definition of the (transverse momentum dependent) parton distribution function and fragmentation function at high energy colliders.
Synthesis and in vivo studies of a selective ligand for the dopamine transporter: 3β-(4-[125I]iodophenyl) tropan-2β-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester ([125I]RTM-21)

Abstract A selective ligand for the dopamine transporter 3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropan-2β-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester (RTI-121) has been labeled with iodine-125 by electrophilic radioiododestannylation. The [ 125 I]RTI-121 was obtained in good yield (86 ± 7%, n = 3) with high radiochemical purity (>99%) and specific radioactivity (1210–1950 mCi/μmol). After i.v. administration of [ 125 I]RTI-121 to mice, the rank order of regional brain tissue radioactivity (striatum > olfactory tubercles ⪢> cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum) was consistent with dopamine transporter labeling. Specific in vivo binding in striatum and olfactory tubercles was saturable, and was blocked by the dopamine transporter ligands GBR 12,909 and (±)-nomifensine. By contrast, binding was not reduced by paroxetine, a serotonin transporter inhibitor, or desipramine, a norepinephrine transporter inhibitor. A variety of additional drugs having high affinities for recognition sites other than the neuronal dopamine transporter also had no effect. The [ 125 I]RTI-121 binding in striatum and olfactory tubercles was inhibited by d -amphetamine in dose-dependent fashion. Nonmetabolized radioligand represents 85% of the signal observed in extracts of whole mouse brain. Thus, [ 125 I]RTI-121 is readily prepared, and is a useful tracer for dopamine transporter studies in vivo .
A Voltage Flicker Suppression device for residential air conditioners and heat pumps

The voltage fluctuation and subsequent lamp flicker caused by the starting inrush current of residential heat pumps is a well-known issue. While there are technologies on the market designed to mitigate this issue, these solutions cannot completely provide a flicker-free result. Research into the cause of the problem and the development of a solution is the motivation of this work. This paper will present a device designed to utilize the time-proven method of using shunt capacitance for voltage correction. The amount of capacitance is dynamically adapted to the depth, duration, and shape of the voltage flicker event. In essence, by learning the amount of capacitance required to correctly compensate the voltage during the starting event, any visible flicker should be virtually eliminated. The Voltage Flicker Suppression device (VFS) is designed to be a nearly universal, cost effective solution for not only new installations, but one that can be easily retrofit into existing HVAC installations where voltage flicker is an issue.
Nontargeted Screening of Food Matrices: Development of a Chemometric Software Strategy To Identify Unknowns in Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Data

The ability to identify contaminants or adulterants in diverse, complex sample matrixes is necessary in food safety. Thus, nontargeted screening approaches must be implemented to detect and identify unexpected, unknown hazardous compounds that may be present. Molecular formulas can be generated for detected compounds from high-resolution mass spectrometry data, but analysis can be lengthy when thousands of compounds are detected in a single sample. Efficient data mining methods to analyze these complex data sets are necessary given the inherent chemical diversity and variability of food matrixes. The aim of this work is to determine necessary requirements to successfully apply data analysis strategies to distinguish suspect and control samples. Infant formula and orange juice samples were analyzed with one lot of each matrix containing varying concentrations of a four compound mixture to represent a suspect sample set. Small molecular differences were parsed from the data, where analytes as low as 10 ppb ...
On The Computation of Certain Roots by the use of The Binomial Series

When the author was a student in Professor Ford's calculus class at the Rice Institute, the subject under discussion on one occasion was that of finding roots -in this instance, cube roots-of numbers by using the binomial expansion. The class was invited to propose numbers of which to compute the cube root, and the number 37 was suggested. A student's slide rule gave the approximate value 3 1/3 for the cube root of 37, and this was taken as point of departure for the binomial expansion:
Sucking Lice (Anoplura) From Iranian Mammals

The Iranian anopluran fauna of rodents, insectivores, a lagomorph, and a carnivore was studied: 4 species of Hoplopleura , 9 species of Polyplax , and one species for each of Eulinognathus, Haemodipsus , and Linognathus . Adult and nymphal stages of Hoplopleura merionidis Ferris and nymphs of Polyplax kaiseri Johnson are described and illustrated. Polyplax calomysci , new species taken from Calomyscus baiwardi , is also described and illustrated.
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET CIRCULAR A — 95: PERSPECTIVES AND IMPLICATIONS

A question that is basic to any continuing federal system concerns the degree to which, and the manner in which effective political and administrative authority is centralized or dispersed. More precisely, the question is one of how a balance is struck between political "centripetal" and "centrifugal" forces, between centralization and the lack thereof. This balance is both a reflection of, and a continuing influence upon the condition of government in the particular political system; that it is rarely a static balance makes it incumbent upon practitioner and scholar to pay it continuing attention. Consideration of this question in the United States commonly has taken the form of how authority is distributed among the national, state, and local governments. Too often the language has been that of public politics, laden with overtones of competitive federalism, of mutual hostility and suspicion among the various levels of government. Scholarly discussion has probed, predictably, more deeply; yet the bulk of it has been devoted to assessing the implications of centralized or decentralized authority in the constitutional-legal sense.' There has been, however, a growing number of those in
Protective effects of hyper-elastic sandwiches coated onto metal boxes subjected to underwater explosion

In order to explore the protective effects of the elastic rubber sandwich layer coated onto a ship hull,a series of 5-kg-TNT-equivalent underwater explosion tests were conducted on a floating steel box before and after the rubber sandwich was coated onto to comprehend the dynamic performance of the protective layer.Acceleration,strain and wall pressure histories at several typical locations were monitored as the main criteria and analyzed.The super-elastic protective layer is capable of lowering both acceleration and strain peaks of hull structures effectively.The wall pressure histories near the bottom hull illustrate that the transmitted impulse during the initial fluid-structure interaction stage can be reduced by almost 50%.Shock response spectrum analysis demonstrates that the elastic protective layer performs much like a low pass filter.It is capable of moderating high-frequency components of shock responses greatly,but not very effective in reducing low-frequency components.