cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaling Analysis and a Critical Thickness Criterion for Thermosetting Composites

In thermosetting composite manufacturing, part thickness, mold temperature, pressure, and resin kinetics can affect the uniformity of cure in the finished part. If the interaction of these parameters is not accounted for, then unwanted overshoot of the processing temperature can occur within a part during cure. In this paper, the relationship between processing and material parameters was considered to establish a critical thickness separating parts having large overshoots from parts having small overshoots. The one-dimensional heat equation with an autocatalytic relation for curing was used to model the process. The equations were placed in dimensionless form using a scaling analysis. A finite difference model was also created to calculate part temperatures during cure as a function of the key dimensionless groups. For experimental validation, composite plates of varying thickness were fabricated from a glass fiber prepreg material, and the processing conditions were varied according to thickness. The scaling analysis identified five dimensionless groups. Two of these groups were found to affect the overshoot of the temperature: the modified Damkohler number Da * , which includes the heat generated during the reaction, and the dimensionless temperature ramp rate t rise , which describes the tooling temperature ramp rate relative to the natural time scale of the heat transfer. There was good agreement between the numerical model prediction of temperature overshoot and the experimental data. The results also confirm that the behavior of thin and thick parts, as defined by the relative temperature overshoot, can be well defined and predicted by the two proposed dimensionless groups: Da * and t rise .
Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Control through Continuing Education

A standardized continuing education course was developed to determine if behavior in dental practices could be modified to improve office participation in oral and pharyngeal cancer control through early detection and tobacco-use cessation.
A Total-Field/Scattered-Field Plane-Wave Source for the FDTD Analysis of Layered Media

A total-field/scattered-field (TF/SF) plane-wave source is developed for the finite-difference time-domain analysis of general (possibly lossy) planar layered media. A 1-D auxiliary grid is created to generate the incident field in the presence of the layered medium. Inhomogeneous plane waves are also allowed for lossless layers and narrowband excitation.
Stabilizing queues in large-scale networks

We present a novel constrained flow control scheme for a class of large-scale networks, modelled by interconnected network resources with capacity and buffer size limitations. We first propose a decentralized sliding mode controller (7) to achieve asymptotic regulation of each individual network node in the presence of uncertain inter-node traffic, while network delays are omitted. We then incorporate network delays associated with inter-node transmissions and study both the delay-independent and the delay-dependent control designs, to investigate the delay robustness of the proposed flow control scheme. It is shown that the when network delays are small, asymptotic stability can be preserved under the decentralized, constrained control law, using the idea of delay-dependent design. A delay-independent regulation scheme is also presented to counteract arbitrary network delays.
The quest for non-invasive delivery of bioactive macromolecules: a focus on heparins.

The development of a non-invasive drug delivery system for unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) has been the elusive goal of several research groups since the initial discovery of this glycosaminogylcan by McLean in 1916. After a brief update on current parenteral formulations of UFH and LMWHs, this review revisits past and current strategies intended to identify alternative routes of administration (e.g. oral, sublingual, rectal, nasal, pulmonary and transdermal). The following strategies have been used to improve the bioavailability of this bioactive macromolecule by various routes: (i) enhancement in cell-membrane permeabilization, (ii) modification of the tight-junctions, (iii) increase in lipophilicity and (iv) protection against acidic pH of the stomach. Regardless of the route of administration, a simplified unifying principle for successful non-invasive macromolecular drug delivery may be: “to reversibly overcome the biological, biophysical and biochemical barriers and to safely and efficiently improve the in vivo spatial and temporal control of the drug in order to achieve a clinically acceptable therapeutic advantage”. Future macromolecular drug delivery research should embrace a more systemic approach taking into account recent advances in genomics/proteomics and nanotechnology.
Reverse data engineering of E-R-designed relational schemas

A novel solution is presented for the data engineer's inverse mapping problem: to construct from a relational database schema (RDBS) a corresponding entity-relationship diagram (ERD). The inverse mapping is difficult because many ERDs may correspond to one ERDs, or to none if the schema is not well formed, so it is not clear how to define a mapping in this direction. Nonetheless, it would be desirable to choose the most representative ERD whenever possible, so that the benefits of E-R visualization and analysis can be applied to RDBSs, even after their relation schemes have been changed. The authors present a first approach to an experimental solution for this inversion problem, for the case of an RDBS that was originally designed by an ERD-based algorithm, which means that it was once a canonical relational schema (CRS) and subsequently altered. The demonstration system tracks each 'atomic change' in the CRS and determines, by means of its PROLOG-implemented E-R knowledge base, the corresponding changes in the given ERD. The reasonable restrictions that the present system puts on the legal set of possible changes, for example, on deletions, allow it to trace their effects correctly, so that well-formedness of the ERD is preserved. >
The effect of instructions to organize for good and poor learners

Abstract Two studies are reported which investigate the possibility that instructing individuals to organize their recall will differentially facilitate the performance of “fast” and “slow” learners (defined in terms of performance on a pretest). Experiment I utilized alphabetic organization in the free-recall learning of a list of unrelated words; Experiment II used a categorized word list under similar conditions. In each study, half of the individuals in each ability group received instructions, prior to the first of six learning trials, that contained information about the respective nature of organization present in the list and encouragement to use this type of organization in learning the list. In Experiment I, instructions to use alphabetic organization facilitated the performance of both ability groups to about the same extent. In Experiment II, instructions to use categorical organization in learning resulted in a substantial facilitation of performance for “slow” learners and a slight decrement in performance for “fast” learners. The results from the two studies are discussed in terms of sources of individual differences in learning.
p53 is a direct transcriptional regulator of pro-apoptotic hCLCA2

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 2790 The breast tumor suppressor hCLCA2 gene is a putative chloride regulator that is expressed in normal breast epithelial tissues but frequently downregulated in breast cancers. We showed previously that hCLCA2 is induced by DNA damaging agents such as doxorubicin and aphidicolin, more strongly in p53 positive cell lines. We now report that p53 is a direct transcriptional regulator of hCLCA2. The expression of hCLCA2 was induced by an adenovirus encoding p53. ChIP analysis showed that p53 binds directly to the hCLCA2 promoter between -157 and -359bp upstream of translation initiation site. This segment was required for the p53-dependent expression of an hCLCA2-luciferase fusion gene. Point mutation of the p53 consensus binding motif abolished this induction. Doxorubicin induction of hCLCA2 in MCF-7 cells was inhibited by pifithrin, indicating that p53 activates the endogenous hCLCA2 promoter in response to DNA damage. An adenovirus encoding hCLCA2 induced a cell cycle lag in G0/G1 phase, decreased intracellular pH from 7.49 to 6.7, caused Bax and Bad translocation to mitochondria, activated caspases and promoted apoptosis. These results reveal the molecular mechanism of hCLCA2 induction and downstream events that may provide protection from tumorigenesis.
Constraints, Graphs, Algebra, Logic, and Complexity (Invited Talk)

A large class of problems in AI and other areas of computer science can be viewed as constraint-satisfaction problems. This includes problems in database query optimization, machine vision, belief maintenance, scheduling, temporal reasoning, type reconstruction, graph theory, and satisfiability. All of these problems can be recast as questions regarding the existence of homomorphisms between two directed graphs. It is well-known that the constraint-satisfaction problem is NP-complete. This motivated an extensive research program into identify tractable cases of constraint satisfaction. This research proceeds along two major lines. The first line of research focuses on non-uniform constraint satisfaction, where the target graph is fixed. The goal is to identify those target graphs that give rise to a tractable constraint-satisfaction problem. The second line of research focuses on identifying large classes of source graphs for which constraint-satisfaction is tractable. We show in how tools from graph theory, universal algebra, logic, and complexity theory, shed light on the tractability of constraint satisfaction.
Isolation and preliminary characterization of the medium-chain fatty acid:coa ligase responsible for activation of short- and medium-chain fatty acids in colonic mucosa from swine

The ATP-dependent activation of short- and medium-chain fatty acids to their respective CoA thioester adducts was investigated in the colonic mucosa from swine. Subcellular fractionation of a homogenate of the mucosa from the entire length of the colon revealed a predominantly mitochondrial localization for activity toward fatty acids ranging from propionate through laurate. These activities could be released from mitochondria in soluble form by freeze–thaw lysis. Purification of these activities revealed that they all appeared to reside with a single enzyme. This suggests that the entire colon contains a single form of medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase (MCFA:CoA ligase). The ligase also had activity toward benzoate and salicylate, although this activity was significantly lower than activity toward medium-chain fatty acids. The enzyme had the highest activity at Vmax with butyrate as substrate and had the lowest Km for octanoate. Butyrate and octanoate were mutually inhibitory. Activity toward both substrates was also efficiently inhibited by cyclohexane carboxylate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration chromatography to be ca. 46,500. These data indicate that the colonic MCFA:CoA ligase is significantly different from the hepatic and kidney MCFA:CoA ligases.
The long-arm of adolescent weight status on later life depressive symptoms.

BACKGROUND given the increase in worldwide obesity among children and adolescents, the long-term consequences of childhood obesity on the risk of adverse health outcomes in later life has garnered increased attention. Much of the work on earlier life weight status and later life health has focused on cardiovascular-related outcomes in mid- to late-adulthood; however, little is known about the later life mental health consequences of adolescent body weight. METHODS data came from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. We estimated gender-stratified logistic regression models to characterise the relationship between adolescent weight status using standardised relative body mass ascertained from high school photograph portraits in 1957 and depressive symptoms at age 65 using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale measured in 2004. RESULTS women who were overweight in adolescence were significantly more likely to experience depressive symptoms in later adulthood than their normal weight counterparts (odds ratio [OR] = 1.740) when the full set of controls was included. This relationship was not observed among men. The relationship between women's adolescent weight status and later life depressive symptoms was moderated by childhood socioeconomic status, and adolescent overweight was more predictive of later life depressive symptoms for women who were raised in low- and middle-income families (OR = 2.568 and OR = 2.763) than in high-income families (OR = 1.643). CONCLUSION these findings provide further evidence for the wide range of long-term consequences of adolescent overweight on later life well-being and are notable for the gender differences in the connection between early life circumstances and later life mental health.
Interrelationships between dietary iron and tissue zinc and copper levels and serum lipids in rats.

SummaryThe effects of maternal iron restriction during pregnancy and lactation on serum lipids and tissue zinc and copper levels in rat pups were studied. Feeding diets containing 5 ppm iron to maternal rats produced hyperlipidemia and a decreased ratio of zinc/copper in livers and spleens of 18-day-old pups. Significant correlations were found between zinc/copper ratio in pups and serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids.
A Microcomputer-Based Program for the Interpretation and Reporting of Rapid Toxicology Screens

Our laboratory recently published a new method for rapid toxicology screening for both the routine and emergency care of patients. We have also developed a microcomputer- based interpretive reporting program based on a commercially available database management system. Significant features of the program include extemalization of interpretive logic, logical component test sequencing, and the ability to selectively superimpose pathologist intervention. All data concerning any toxicology screen are available for review, including raw delta absorbances, final calculated results, and system parameters in place at the time a screen was performed. These features are typically not available with commercial turnkey laboratory systems. Our current configuration allows for the on-line storage of approximately 12,000 toxicology screens at one time. Additionally, the system is constructed in such a way to allow supervisory and technical personnel to maintain, troubleshoot, and modify the system without the need for programmer intervention.
Premarital gynecologic examination.

Young persons who consult physicians for premarital examination and counsel should leave our offices with a healthy knowledge of their anatomy, a feeling of adequacy and self-confidence, and a wholesome approach to marriage and parenthood. The wise couple seeks guidance and information from a professional counselor or physician and avoids discussing intimate features of family life with anyone else. The young woman who gains confidence in her physician through the premarital examination will return after marriage for the follow-up and prenatal care so essential to her gynecologic health.
Genetic Counseling for the Next 25 Years: Models for the Future

Currently, two trends pose particular challenges for genetic counseling: (1) spin offs from the Human Genome Project leading to new diagnostic genetic tests far in advance of any cures; and (2) an increasing and diversified client population. These trends will lead to changes in both genetic service delivery systems and the development of alternative models of the genetic counseling process itself. Two models that could be adapted for genetic counseling are: the mutual participation model and the life history narrative model. Technological advances present ethical dilemmas and raise many questions. Already, improved detection of genes for predisposing conditions has entered clinical medicine requiring renewed ethical appraisals of genetic testing. Integration of genetic counseling (and required pre-screening education) into primary care settings involves time constraints and the involvement of health care personnel with less training in genetics. Alternative approaches are beginning to be discussed. Innovative genetic counselors with expanded visions of counseling goals and practices will play an increasingly important role in the future of genetic counseling.
The endocoil stent for malignant biliary obstruction.

The Endocoil (Instent, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN), first introduced in 1993, is a self-expandable nitinol stent made of a coil spring of nickel-titanium alloy. Advantages of the Endocoil in patients with malignant biliary obstruction were thought to include increased radial force with more rapid stricture dilation, inhibition of tumor ingrowth caused by the stent’s coil framework with closed approximation of loops, and the possibility for endoscopic removal. Unfortunately, in subsequent reports of patients undergoing Endocoil placement, there have been significant problems with incomplete expansion or twisting during deployment, stent migration, and tumor ingrowth. This article reviews the available literature regarding Endocoil placement for malignant biliary obstruction and addresses the authors’ experience at a tertiary referral center.
Large-scale traffic grid signal control with regional Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning (RL) based traffic signal control for large-scale traffic grids is challenging due to the curse of dimensionality. Most particularly, searching for an optimal policy in a huge action space is impractical, even with approximate Q-functions. On the other hand, heuristic self-organizing algorithms could achieve efficient decentralized control, but most of them have few effort on optimizing the real-time traffic. This paper proposes a new regional RL algorithm that could form local cooperation regions adaptively, and then learn the optimal control policy for each region separately. In particular, we maintain a set of learning parameters to capture the control patterns in regions at different scales. At each time step, we first decompose the large-scale traffic grid into disjoint sub-regions, depending on the real-time traffic condition. Next, we apply approximate Q-learning to learn the centralized control policy within each sub-region, by updating the corresponding learning parameters upon traffic observations. The numerical experiments demonstrate that our regional RL algorithm is computationally efficient and functionally adaptive, and it outperforms typical heuristic decentralized algorithms.
Image-based tracking control in the presence of time-varying input and state delays

Autonomous systems often use feedback from an imaging system for guidance, navigation, and control. Such feedback requires an image processing method that yields an inherent delay in state measurements. For some camera-to-hand applications, the image-based sensing and control computations may be computed by a more capable processor and then be transmitted to a sensorless vehicle, resulting in a delay in control execution. To account for these delays, an approach is developed in this paper that applies a transformation, to separate the image coordinates into spatial and time domain components. This transformation, along with a novel integral error system, allows for the development of a robust controller that compensates for uncertain time-varying state delays and known time-varying input delays for nonlinear image dynamics. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis is used to prove that the developed controller enables a sensorless autonomous vehicle to yield uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) tracking of a desired image trajectory.
Post-Hoc Analysis of Early AD Subjects Meeting Phase 3 Entry Criteria in PRIME, a Phase 1b Study of the Anti-Amyloid Beta Antibody Aducanumab (BIIB037) (P4.007)

OBJECTIVE: To report interim data from the ongoing Phase 1b study (PRIME) in patients with Early Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) with similar characteristics to Phase 3 entry criteria. BACKGROUND: Aducanumab (BIIB037), a human anti-amyloid beta (Aβ) monoclonal antibody, is being investigated as a disease-modifying treatment for AD. Interim PRIME results demonstrated target engagement, pharmacodynamic effect, and a clinical effect on exploratory outcomes; the main safety/tolerability findings were amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). DESIGN/METHODS: In the double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose PRIME study (NCT01677572), patients (aged 50-90 years; positive florbetapir [Amyvid™] PET scan; clinical criteria for prodromal or mild AD) received aducanumab or placebo once every 4 weeks for 52 weeks in 9 arms stratified by ApoE carrier e4 status. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability; secondary endpoints included change from baseline to Week 26 in amyloid PET. Changes in clinical measures of cognitive decline (CDR-SB/MMSE) were exploratory endpoints. A subpopulation of patients with Early AD was defined by: CDR Global Score 0.5; CDR memory domain score ≥0.5; MMSE score ≥24. We report post-hoc analysis of interim data in the Early AD subpopulation for arms 1-7 (1, 3, 6, and 10 mg/kg aducanumab and placebo arms). RESULTS: Of 165 patients dosed in PRIME, 92 had similar characteristics to Phase 3 entry criteria; 66 had prodromal and 26 mild AD. Consistent with overall PRIME results, we observed dose-dependent reduction in amyloid plaque burden at 6 months and 1 year, and dose-dependent slowing of cognitive decline in exploratory clinical endpoints (CDR-SB/MMSE) at 1 year. ARIA-E was the main safety/tolerability finding. CONCLUSION: Results in the PRIME Early AD subpopulation were highly consistent with results in the overall PRIME population, supporting selection of the target study population for the Phase 3 trials. Study support: funded by Biogen. Disclosure: Dr. Viglietta holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen Idec. Dr. Miao has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen as an employee. Dr. Miao holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen, which sponsored research in which Dr. Miao was involved as an investigator. Dr. Chen holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen Idec. Dr. O9Gorman holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen Idec. Dr. Williams holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen Idec. Dr. Ling has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen as an employee. Dr. Ling holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen, which sponsored research in which Dr. Ling was involved as an investigator. Dr. Sevigny holds stock and/or stock in Biogen Idec.
Infection associated acute interstitial nephritis; a case report.

Background: Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a clinico-pathological syndrome associated with a variety of infections, drugs, and sometimes with unknown causes. It is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and subsequent renal impairment, which often times is under-diagnosed. Infection-associated AIN occurs as a consequence of many systemic bacterial, viral, and parasitic infec-tions; however, its incidence has decreased significantly after the advent of antimicrobials. Infection-associated AIN presents with both oliguric or non-oliguric renal insufficiency, without the classical clinical triad of AIN (fever, rash, and arthralgia). In this scenario the renal function is usually reversible after the infection is treated. In most cases, patients with acute renal failure present with extra-renal manifestations typically detected in underlying infections. Renal biopsy serves as the most definitive test for both the diagnosis and prognosis of AIN. Case Presentation: In this paper, we will address one such case of biopsy-proven AIN. In this case, the patient presented with severe AKI induced by anaerobic streptococcus, leading to a periodontal abscess, which was successfully treated with corticosteroids and requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Conclusions: AIN should be considered in the differential for unexplained AKI. Initial management should include conservative therapy by withdrawing any suspected causative agent. Renal biopsy is needed for confirmation in cases where kidney function fails to improve within 5–7 days on conservative therapy. Risk of immunosuppression is very important to consider when giving steroids in patients with infection induced AIN, and steroids may have to be delayed until the active infection is completely controlled.
The Accuracy of Pedometers in Measuring Walking Steps on a Treadmill in College Students

Pedometers are a popular way for people to track if they have reached the recommended 10,000 daily steps. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of four brands of pedometers at measuring steps, and to determine if a relationship exists between pedometer cost and accuracy. The hypothesis was that the more expensive brands of pedometers (the Fitbit Charge™ and Omron HJ-303™) would yield more accurate step counts than less expensive brands (the SmartHealth - Walking FIT™ and Sportline™). While wearing all pedometers at once, one male and eleven female college students (mean ± SD; age = 20.8 ± 0.94 years) walked 400 meters on a treadmill for 5 minutes at 3.5 miles per hour. The pedometer step counts were recorded at the end. Video analysis of the participants' feet was later completed to count the number of steps actually taken (actual steps). When compared to the actual steps, the Sportline™ brand (-3.83 ± 22.05) was the only pedometer that was significantly similar. The other three brands significantly under-estimated steps (Fitbit™ 55.00 ± 42.58, SmartHealth™ 43.50 ± 49.71, and Omron™ 28.58 ± 33.86), with the Fitbit being the least accurate. These results suggest an inverse relationship between cost and accuracy for the four specific brands tested, and that waist pedometers are more accurate than wrist pedometers. The results concerning the Fitbit are striking considering its high cost and popularity among consumers today. Further research should be conducted to improve the accuracy of pedometers.
Intensified Agroecosystems and Changes in Soil Carbon Dynamics

Abstract Land use change, intensive farming systems, and poor land management practices are related to reduced soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil health. One way to address these concerns is by implementing ecological principles to manage agroecosystems for environmental and economic benefits. This chapter examines diverse crop rotations, cover crops, and integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems as examples of sustainable intensification. Long-term diverse crop rotations, cover crops, no-tillage systems, and ICL systems alter SOC dynamics, microbial activity, and impact ecological services such as nutrient cycling and water quality. Research has shown that effects of sustainable intensification on increasing soil carbon content and improving ecological services such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and improved nutrient cycling often require long-term sustained management. Short-term effects have been observed but less frequently. The observed impacts of sustainable intensification are location-dependent, being sensitive to the local climate, soil, and details of management practice implementation.
Venom peptides as pharmacological tools and therapeutics for diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by a deficiency in production of insulin by the beta cells of the pancreas (type 1 diabetes, T1D), or by partial deficiency of insulin production and the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced (type 2 diabetes, T2D). Animal venoms are a unique source of compounds targeting ion channels and receptors in the nervous and cardiovascular systems. In recent years, several venom peptides have also emerged as pharmacological tools and therapeutics for T1D and T2D. Some of these peptides act directly as mimics of endogenous metabolic hormones while others act on ion channels expressed in pancreatic beta cells. Here, we provide an overview of the discovery of these venom peptides, their mechanisms of action in the context of diabetes, and their therapeutic potential for the treatment of this disease. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Venom-derived Peptides as Pharmacological Tools.'
Release and Recovery of Exotic Parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas

An intensive field program was conducted in the subtropical Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (LRGV) to evaluate the establishment of the imported para- sitoids of B. tabaci. Thirty populations/species of Eretmocerus and Encarsia para- sitoids were mass reared for field release in multiple agricultural crops and garden plantings. Small releases of the Eretmocerus spp. were also made in the Texas Wintergarden to the northwest of the LRGV. Field tests were conducted on the major crops to determine which species showed the best potential. Banker plants (parasitoid inoculated seedling transplants) were used to facilitate early season augmentative releases of parasitoids in commercial imidacloprid treated cantaloupe melons and watermelons. Following the initial releases, several species showed initial establishment, but only Eret. hayati overwintered and dispersed. This result was confirmed by using RAPD-PCR which was used to distinguish the morpho- logically similar Eretmocerus spp. By 1997, Eret. hayati was established across the entire LRGV and northeastern Mexico. Eretmocerus hayati was predicted to do well in the LRGV because of the high attack rate it exhibited in pre-release quarantine studies and its climatic adaptation to the subtropical LRGV, which is similar to its native range in Pakistan.
Alcoholic Hepatitis: Lost in Translation

Alcoholic hepatitis is the most severe and acute form of alcoholic liver disease. The mortality rate associated with alcoholic hepatitis is high, largely due to the lack of suitable pharmacological interventions. While there has been substantial research in the area, generating pharmacological interventions has been plagued by the lack of a robust mouse model both for testing and for understanding the underlying pathology. A number of major notable advances have been made in this area recently, with the goal of generating a mouse model of alcoholic hepatitis. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in modeling alcoholic liver disease both in vitro and in vivo in the mouse, and place them in the context of the greater spectrum of alcoholic liver disease, with a focus on how we can translate current advances into a high-fidelity model of alcoholic hepatitis. In addition, we will review the basic mechanisms of alcoholic hepatitis as it is currently understood, focusing on recent advancements in diagnosis, prognosis and current pathophysiology, especially as it relates to the profound immune dysfunction present during alcoholic hepatitis.
Use of the distal radial artery remnant for autogenous radial-cephalic wrist fistula after radial artery harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting.

Abstract Harvesting of the radial artery is a common technique used to provide conduit for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We report the case of a patient with exhausted left upper extremity access options, history of left upper extremity dialysis access-associated steal syndrome, and prior right radial artery harvest for coronary artery bypass graft who received an autogenous distal radial artery remnant to cephalic vein wrist fistula.
Overview of the Issues in Prescriptive Treatments

Four decades of increased empiricism in the field of clinical psychology have served to yield several confident responses to Paul’s “ultimate” question: “What treatment, by whom, is most effective for this individual with that specific problem under which set of circumstances?” (1967, p. 111). Paul’s call for specification of the conditions under which an intervention will be effective is consistent with the notion of a “prescriptive” approach to the treatment of psychopathology (i.e., the prescription of a highly specified, thoroughly evaluated treatment regimen in order to ameliorate a highly specified, thoroughly assessed complaint). Application of prescriptive interventions to psychological problems is not entirely novel. Indeed, this has been the approach followed by the psychopharmacological field for some time (albeit with somewhat limited success, the causes of which will be discussed below). Reasons for psychologists’ delay in deriving and applying prescriptive psychological treatments to psychopathology become apparent through examination of early 20th century trends in theory and conceptualization.
Judgments of Personality and Personality Itself

My topic is accuracy in personality judgment and the kind of research we need to do if we are interested in it. I emphasize the “if’ because, perhaps surprisingly, not everybody is interested in accuracy, not even every psychologist who studies judgments of personality—a point I shall return to below. But one psychologists who surely was interested in how accurate personality judgments might be was Gordon Allport.
Abstract 5414: Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Inhibits C-jun N Terminal Kinase And Prevents Cardiac Injury During Acute Ischemia Reperfusion

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is expressed in multiple organs including the heart. Plasma MIF is elevated after myocardial infarction. MIF is released from the heart during ischemia and has an autocrine/paracrine effect to positively modulate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Genetic deficiency in MIF (MIF−/−) attenuates AMPK activation, leading to cardiac dysfunction and injury during ischemia/reperfusion (IR). MIF also inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in HeLa cells, but its action in the heart is not known. In Langendorff perfused WT hearts, MIF content was reduced after global ischemia (15 min) and reperfusion (30 min). JNK activation and downstream c-Jun phosphorylation were greater (p in viv o augmented MKK4, JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation in MIF−/− vs. WT mice. MIF−/− hearts showed more necrosis on TTC staining after LAD occlusion and reperfusion than WT. Increased cardiac injury following IR was associated with less BAD phosphorylation and more cellular apoptosis in MIF−/− hearts. Administration of SP600125 (1mg/kg, IP) prior to ischemia also limited injury in MIF−/− mice. In vitro studies showed that the JNK activator, anisomycin, stimulated the JNK pathway in H9C2 cells in a dose-dependent manner and MIF (50 ng/ml) inhibited anisomycin-activation of MKK4, JNK, and c-Jun. Thus, cardiac-derived MIF inhibits activation of the JNK pathway, which may protect the heart from injury following IR. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Founders Affiliate (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont).
Clearance of attenuated rabies virus from brain tissues is required for long-term protection against CNS challenge with a pathogenic variant

Rabies virus is a neurotropic lyssavirus which is 100% fatal in its pathogenic form when reaching unprotected CNS tissues. Death can be prevented by mechanisms delivering appropriate immune effectors across the blood-brain barrier which normally remains intact during pathogenic rabies virus infection. One therapeutic approach is to superinfect CNS tissues with attenuated rabies virus which induces blood-brain barrier permeability and immune cell entry. Current thinking is that peripheral rabies immunization is sufficient to protect against a challenge with pathogenic rabies virus. While this is undoubtedly the case if the virus is confined to the periphery, what happens if the virus reaches the CNS is less well-understood. In the current study, we find that peripheral immunization does not fully protect mice long-term against an intranasal challenge with pathogenic rabies virus. Protection is significantly better in mice that have cleared attenuated virus from the CNS and is associated with a more robust CNS recall response evidently due to the presence in CNS tissues of elevated numbers of lymphocytes phenotypically resembling long-term resident immune cells. Adoptive transfer of cells from rabies-immune mice fails to protect against CNS challenge with pathogenic rabies virus further supporting the concept that long-term resident immune cell populations must be established in brain tissues to protect against a subsequent CNS challenge with pathogenic rabies virus.
Status of the chairman of the local government administration in Ukraine: experience of legislative definitions

У статті висвітлюється питання визначення статусу голів місцевих державних адміністрацій в Україні в контексті історії публічної служби. Автор зосереджує увагу на таких важливих аспектах, як віднесення посад керівників органів державної виконавчої влади загальної компетенції регіонального та субрегіонального рівнів до сфери державної служби, запровадження обмежень на політичну діяльність, визначення ролі президента, уряду та прем’єр-міністра у призначенні та звільненні зазначених посадовців, застосуванні конкурсних процедур тощо. На основі аналізу законодавчих актів 1992–2017 рр., співставлення та узагальнення інформації з різних джерел показано, як постало саме питання про статус голів місцевих державних адміністрацій, яких змін воно зазнало в процесі створення конституційних засад публічного управління, ухвалення законодавства щодо державної служби, діяльності уряду, місцевих державних адміністрацій, запобігання корупції тощо. Особливу увагу приділено сучасному стану справ, який характеризується наявністю протиріч в українському законодавстві; підсиленням невизначеності статусу голів місцевих державних адміністрацій у результаті змін до законодавства про державну службу (листопад 2017 р.) стосовно виведення їх за межі державної служби, зняття з них обмежень на політичну діяльність тощо.Автор робить висновок про наявність великого досвіду органів державної влади України у зазначеній сфері, суперечливий характер дій суб’єктів визначення статусу голів місцевих державних адміністрацій, який наочно проявився в останні період, потребу визначити концептуальні засади розгляду питання та на основі них внести узгоджені зміни до українського законодавства.
ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT OCCLUSION DEVICE MIGRATION PRESENTING AS ACUTE HEART FAILURE

ASD occlusion device embolization is a potential complication of ASD repair and occurs in 0.4 to 1.1% cases of ASD repair. We present a case of migration of an ASD occlusion device to the right pulmonary artery one month after ASD closure. A 61-year-old female with history of diastolic heart
Associations between placental CpG methylation of metastable epialleles and childhood body mass index across ages one, two and ten in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort.

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis posits that in utero and early life conditions can disrupt normal fetal development and program susceptibility to later-life disease. Metastable epialleles are genomic loci in which CpG methylation patterning is responsive to maternal diet and conserved across time and tissues. Thus, these sites could serve as 'signatures' of gestational environment conditions. Here, we sought to determine if methylation of metastable epialleles was associated with changes in childhood body mass index (BMI) z-scores across ages one, two and ten in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort. CpG methylation of 250 probes (corresponding to 111 genes) within metastable epiallele regions was measured in placental tissue. Linear mixed effects models were fit to evaluate the overall and sex-stratified associations between methylation and changes in BMI z-score over time. In total, 26 probes were associated (p < 0.05) with changes in BMI z-score overall, including probes within Mesoderm Specific Transcript (MEST) and Histone Deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), which have previously been associated with childhood obesity and adipogenesis. Sex-stratified analyses revealed a significant association, after adjusting for multiple comparisons (q < 0.05), within female placentas for one probe annotated to the imprinted gene PLAG1 Like Zinc Finger 1 (PLAGL1). These findings suggest epigenetic marks may be involved in programming susceptibility to obesity in utero and highlight the potential to use placental tissues in predicting growth rate trajectories among premature infants.
The addition of methanol to Criegee intermediates

Bimolecular reactions involving stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCI) have been the target of many studies due to the role these molecules play in atmospheric chemistry. Recently, kinetic rates for the addition reaction of the simplest SCI (formaldehyde oxide) and its methylated analogue (acetone oxide) with methanol were reported both experimentally and theoretically. We re-examine the energy profile of these reactions by employing rigorous ab initio methods. Optimized CCSD(T)/ANO1 geometries are reported for the stationary points along the reaction path. Energies are obtained at the CCSD(T)/CBS level of theory. Contributions of full triple and quadruple excitations are computed to assess the convergence of this method. Rate constants are obtained using conventional canonical transition state theory under the rigid rotor harmonic oscillator approximation and with the inclusion of a one-dimensional hindered rotor treatment. These corrections for internal rotations have a significant impact on computed kinetic rate constants. With this approach, we compute rate constants for the addition of methanol to formaldehyde oxide (H2COO) and acetone oxide [(CH3)2COO] at 298.15 K as (1.2 ± 0.8) × 10-13 and (2.8 ± 1.3) × 10-15 cm3 s-1, respectively. Additionally, we investigate the temperature dependence of the rate constant, concluding that the transition state barrier height and tunneling contributions shape the qualitative behaviour of these reactions.
Reading the Global Disorder with Ma?m?d-i Tarz?

Maq?l?t-i-Ma?m?d-i Tarz?, by Ma?m?d Tarz?, compiled by Raw?n Farh?d?. Mu?assasa-i Intis?r?t-i Baihaq?, 1977. 898 pages, (selections).
Contemporaneous evaluation of patient experience, surgical strategy, and seizure outcomes in patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography or subdural electrode monitoring.

Objective Intracranial electrographic localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) can guide surgical approaches for medically refractory epilepsy patients, especially when the presurgical workup is discordant or functional cortical mapping is required. Minimally invasive stereotactic placement of depth electrodes, stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), has garnered increasing use, but limited data exist to evaluate its postoperative outcomes in the context of the contemporaneous availability of both SEEG and subdural electrode (SDE) monitoring. We aimed to assess the patient experience, surgical intervention, and seizure outcomes associated with these two epileptic focus mapping techniques during a period of rapid adoption of neuromodulatory and ablative epilepsy treatments. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 66 consecutive adult intracranial electrode monitoring cases at our institution between 2014 and 2017. Monitoring was performed with either SEEG (n = 47) or SDEs (n = 19). Results Both groups had high rates of SOZ identification (SEEG 91.5%, SDE 88.2%, P = .69). The majority of patients achieved Engel class I (SEEG 29.3%, SDE 35.3%) or II outcomes (SEEG 31.7%, SDE 29.4%) after epilepsy surgery, with no significant difference between groups (P = .79). SEEG patients reported lower median pain scores (P = .03) and required less narcotic pain medication (median = 94.5 vs 594.6 milligram morphine equivalents, P = .0003). Both groups had low rates of symptomatic hemorrhage (SEEG 0%, SDE 5.3%, P = .11). On multivariate logistic regression, undergoing resection or ablation (vs responsive neurostimulation/vagus nerve stimulation) was the only significant independent predictor of a favorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio = 25.4, 95% confidence interval = 3.48-185.7, P = .001). Significance Although both SEEG and SDE monitoring result in favorable seizure control, SEEG has the advantage of superior pain control, decreased narcotic usage, and lack of routine need for intensive care unit stay. Despite a heterogenous collection of epileptic semiologies, seizure outcome was associated with the therapeutic surgical modality and not the intracranial monitoring technique. The potential for an improved postoperative experience makes SEEG a promising method for intracranial electrode monitoring.
How Preservice Content Teacher Background Qualities Influence Their Attitude and Commitment to Supporting Multilingual Learners

With the growing number of multilingual learners (MLs) in U.S. schools, research relating to effective teacher training methods has gathered increased interest; however, research on how teachers’ background qualities (BQs) influence teaching practices for MLs is lacking. In the field of multilingual education, scholars have suggested that certain qualities, particularly cultural and linguistic backgrounds, contribute to effectively accounting for MLs in the content classroom and embracing the role of language teacher. In this study we draw upon in-class comments, classroom interactions, targeted interviews, and assignments from teachers-in-training (N=12) throughout one semester in a history teaching methods course to address the following research question: How do prospective teachers’ language-related BQs (i.e. ML-related education, cultural experiences, language learning experience, and teaching experience) shape how they approach ML-related activities and assignments in a content methods teacher education course? The data indicate that preservice teachers with these BQs were better prepared to embrace their roles as language teachers and tailor lessons for MLs than their peers without such BQs.
Joule heating in Boltzmann theory of metals

Boltzmann theory deals with the quasiparticle distributions ${F}_{K}$ for electrons and ${N}_{Q}$ for phonons. It is difficult to reconcile the common situation of ``steady state'' (where distributions are out of equilibrium but carry steady charge current $\stackrel{P\vec}{j}$) and Joule heating $\stackrel{P\vec}{j}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{P\vec}{E}$. This paper offers elementary clarification. The resolution is simplest if a true steady state is abandoned.
Health Care Access Among Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers, 31 States, 2017-2018.

ObjectivesEssential workers in the United States need access to health care services for preventive care and for diagnosis and treatment of illnesses (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] or other i...
Unfortunate Destiny: Animals in the Indian Buddhist Imagination, by Reiko Ohnuma.

Unfortunate Destiny: Animals in the Indian Buddhist Imagination, by Reiko Ohnuma. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. xix + 242 pp., $36.95 (hb; also available as an e-book). ISBN-9780190637545.
Abstract 172: Medical and Demographic Predictors of Long-term Cognitive Outcomes of Pediatric Stroke

Introduction: Studies examining cognitive outcomes for pediatric stroke are sparse, and few account for stroke severity. The Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM) provides an objective, comprehen...