cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vertebral artery-to-middle cerebral artery bypass with coil embolization of giant internal carotid artery aneurysm: technical case report.

Objective and importance Cerebral revascularization with extracranial-to-intracranial bypass is often required during the surgical treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. This report is the first in which a vertebral artery (VA)-to-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass in conjunction with endovascular coil embolization is used in the successful treatment of a giant intracranial aneurysm. Clinical presentation A 68-year-old man previously diagnosed with a 6-cm internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm presented complaining of progressing left hemiparesis and mental status changes. His aneurysm had been treated previously by common carotid artery occlusion 20 years earlier. Arteriography defined the partially thrombosed, right supraclinoid ICA aneurysm arising at the junction of the posterior communicating artery and the supraclinoid ICA. Intervention Because of the patient's worsening symptomatology, endovascular coiling with placement of a superficial temporal artery-to-MCA bypass was performed. The patient tolerated this procedure well, and his symptoms resolved. However, they recurred several months later, and imaging suggested poor right hemispheric perfusion despite a patent bypass. A VA-MCA bypass using a saphenous vein graft was then performed using the distal right VA at the level of cervical vertebra 1 (C1) as the donor vessel with a distal anastomotic site on the right MCA. Coil embolization of the aneurysm was repeated, and the feeding posterior communicating artery was sacrificed. The patient is currently asymptomatic more than 1 year after the second bypass and coil embolization. Conclusion This report describes a safe and definitive treatment option for a giant intracranial ICA aneurysm using a posterior-to-anterior circulation (VA-MCA) bypass, followed by endovascular coil embolization in a patient with previous ligation of the common carotid artery. VA-MCA high-flow saphenous vein bypass followed by coil embolization is a useful technique that is especially valuable in the subset of giant aneurysm patients who have previously been treated by carotid ligation.
Insights into bactericidal action of surface-attached poly(vinyl- N -hexylpyridinium) chains

The surface of polyethylene slides nanocoated with silica and derivatized with long-chain poly(vinyl-N-hexylpyridinium) becomes permanently bactericidal: it kills 90–99% of (both airborne and waterborne) wild-type and antibiotic-resistant strains of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The material created was similarly lethal to strains expressing multidrug resistance pumps, the only known mechanism of resistance to cationic antiseptics.
Spectral Classification with Objective-Prism Spectra from Skylab

During the Skylab I, II and III missions, ultraviolet spectra were obtained in 188 fields with a 15 cm aperture objective-prism spectrograph. The instrument has been described by Henize, Wray, Parsons, Benedict, Bruhweiler, Rybski and O’Callaghan (1975; hereafter referred to as Paper I).
Terror and Erebus by Gwendolyn MacEwen: White Technologies and the End of Science

This paper examines Canadian poet Gwendolyn MacEwen’s verse play Terror and Erebus by considering the play’s representation of technology in light of its own poetic technologies. Terror and Erebus is a play for voices that features four characters: Franklin, Crozier, Rasmussen, and Qaqortingneq. As the character Rasmussen searches for the traces of the lost expedition, imagining the voices of the explorers in their final hours, his investigation reveals how the “white technologies” used to explore the Arctic succumb to the environment without the indigenous knowledge possessed by the Inuit who inhabit the Arctic. The paper shows how MacEwen’s literary vision contrasts recent coverage of efforts to locate the Franklin ships which have ignored or down-played Inuit testimony. Working from Rasmussen’s transcriptions of Qaqortingneq’s voice, MacEwen represents Inuit knowledge and technology as both an alternative to the model of scientific discovery underwriting the Franklin expedition and as source of the authoritative account of what happened to Franklin and his crew.
Late Cretaceous paleolatitude of the Hawaiian Hot Spot: New paleomagnetic data from Detroit Seamount (ODP Site 883)

[1] Paleomagnetic data from Detroit Seamount of the Emperor seamount chain (northwestern Pacific Ocean) provide a direct way to estimate the latitudinal position of the Hawaiian hot spot in the Late Cretaceous (75–81 Ma), providing important constraints on geodynamic models for Hawaiian plume motion. Crystalline basement of Detroit Seamount was sampled at four drill sites by Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Legs 145 (Sites 883 and 884) and 197 (Sites 1203 and 1204). Here we report detailed thermal and alternating field (AF) demagnetization data collected from basalt lava flows recovered at ODP Site 883. Most samples showed two nearly antiparallel components of natural remanent magnetization (NRM). AF demagnetization was often insufficient to separate the magnetization components; therefore thermal demagnetization data were used to define their directions. Both magnetization components are chemical remanent magnetizations (CRMs) carried by single-domain to pseudo-single-domain titanomaghemite produced by low-temperature oxidation of titanomagnetite. Rock magnetic experiments suggest that the normal polarity component is a CRM which pseudomorphs the primary thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) of parental titanomagnetite. In contrast, the reversed polarity component is a CRM self-reversed with respect to a primary TRM [Doubrovine and Tarduno, 2004]. Inclination data analysis of characteristic remanence (normal polarity component) results in the five distinct inclination groups and an average inclination of 57.7°−13.8°+12.3° (95% confidence limits quoted). The angular dispersion of paleomagnetic directions suggests that the Site 883 basalts adequately average paleosecular variation and that the inclination average represents the time-averaged geomagnetic field. Combining all available paleomagnetic data from the four sites on Detroit Seamount, a revised paleolatitude of 34.4°−5.8°+3.2° was calculated. This estimate is significantly north of the present latitude of the Hawaiian hot spot (∼19°N), suggesting that the hot spot moved southward from Late Cretaceous to Paleogene times (81–47 Ma) at rates of ∼33–67 mm/yr. If the inclination results from ODP Site 883 represent the best estimate among the data available from Detroit Seamount, rates at the higher range of values are favored. Because such rates are comparable to the velocities of lithospheric plates, the new data from ODP Site 883 present a strikingly different view on hot spot stability.
The Ideological Origins of the Women's College: Religion, Class, and Curriculum in the Educational Visions of Catharine Beecher and Mary Lyon.

In 1828, as the movement to improve educational opportunities for American women was gaining in prominence, Catharine Beecher approached first Mary Lyon, and a year later Lyon's associate Zilpah Grant, to join her as instructor at Hartford Female Seminary. Consonant with the era of optimistic reform in which she lived, Beecher believed Hartford could change the world, so she wanted the most well-known female educators on board. The key to Hartford's influence was to be the type of students it attracted. Beecher wrote to Grant that a “woman of piety and active benevolence, with wealth which enables her to take the lead in society, can do more good than another of equally exalted character without it.” Lyon and Grant both declined.
Human recognition of familiar voices

Recognizing familiar voices is something we do every day. In quiet environments, it is usually easy to recognize a familiar voice. In noisier environments, this can become a difficult task. This paper examines how robust listeners are at identifying familiar voices in noisy, changing environments and what factors may affect their recognition rates. While there is previous research addressing familiar speaker recognition, the research is limited due to the difficulty in obtaining appropriate data that eliminates speaker dependent traits, such as word choice, along with having corresponding listeners who are familiar with the speakers. The data used in this study were collected in such a fashion to mimic conversational, free-flow dialogue, but in a way to eliminate many variables such as word choice, intonation, or non-verbal cues. These data provide some of the most realistic test scenarios to-date for familiar speaker identification. A pure-tone hearing test was used to separate listeners into normal hearing and hearing impaired groups. It is hypothesized that the results of the Normal Hearing Group will be statistically better. Additionally, the aspect of familiar speaker recognition is addressed by having each listener rate his or her familiarity with each speaker. Two statistical approaches showed that the more familiar a listener is with a speaker, the more likely the listener will recognize the speaker.
S- and P-wave neutron spectroscopy. Part Xb: Intermediate structure, 48Ca, 207Pb

Abstract An improved method for fitting total cross section curves with an R-matrix code has been developed which allows us to interpret data which was previously considered too complicated for analysis. The widths of the 1 2 + resonances of 207Pb have been determined well enough to confirm the sum rule which should hold if the isolated 1 2 + resonance in 208Pb acts as a doorway state for both 207Pb and 206Pb. New data are included on the total cross section of 48Ca which is remarkable in that the resonances seem very close in energy and sometimes in width to those of oxygen. Furthermore, the calculations in the previous paper (Part Xa) predict correctly that there will be no observable s-wave resonances and also that most of the non s-wave resonances should be due to d-waves. These predicted J values are definitely confirmed for 4 out of 7 resonances and are consistent with all the data.
Ionic conductivity in sodium magnesium silicates

Na2MgSiO4 crystals prepared hydrothermally at 700° C and 3,000 atm are related to carnegieite with SG Pmn21, a=7.015(2), b=10.968(2), and c=5.260(1). Na conductivity in Na2MgSiO4 is 3.0×10−5 (ohm-cm)−1 at 300° C but can be raised to 1.1×10−3 (ohm-cm)−1 by creating Na vacancies in the composition Na1.9Mg0.9Al0.1O4. Na4Mg2Si3O10 is also a cristobalite-related carnegieite with the orthorhombic cell a=10.584(7), b=14.328(7), and c=5.233(5). The Na conductivity of Na4Mg2Si3O10 is 4.8×10−3 (ohm-cm)−1 at 300° C.
Dissociation and reassembly of polyribosomes in relation to protein synthesis in the soybean root

Abstract Polyribosomes of the soybean root rapidly dissociate under energy-depleting conditions, namely anaerobiosis and dinitrophenol treatment. The loss of polyribosomes cannot be attributed to a depletion of messenger RNA, because polyribosomes re-form to about 75% of the original level following restoration of aerobic conditions in the presence of dactinomycin. The dactinomycin treatment resulted in greater than 90% inhibition of RNA synthesis during the aerobic recovery period. Nascent polypeptide is lost from the ribosomes coincident with or during the conversion of polyribosomes to monoribosomes during anaerobiosis. Cycloheximide blocks both the conversion of polyribosomes to monoribosomes and the loss of nascent polypeptide from ribosomes. The results suggest that polyribosome dissociation occurs as a result of completion of read-out and release of polypeptide and monoribosome, coupled with a failure of attachment of ribosomes to messenger RNA and subsequent initiation of new peptide chains.
The morphology and deformation behavior of poly(butylene terephthalate)/BPA polycarbonate blends

In this communication the results of a series of recent studies of the morphology and deformation behavior of toughened poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/BPA polycarbonate (PC) blends are briefly summarized. Several papers containing a more detailed account are currently in press (1–3). Among the unique morphological features of these blends are the consistent isolation of the core/shell impact modifier (IM) in the PC phase and the crystallization and phase separation of the PBT from the partially miscible PBT/PC melt on slow cooling. DSC studies provide corroborating evidence for melt miscibility of the two resins. The blends deform through a combination of cavitation and shear processes. In all cases cavitation occurs exclusively within the IM particles and is suppressed at higher PC concentrations and elevated temperatures.
Magnetic hyperfine structure of 125Te in ferromagnetic Pd2MnSb

Abstract A large internal magnetic field of +857 ± 9 kOe has been observed at 125 Te in ferromagnetic Pd 2 MnSb (4.2 K). This gives a precise measure of the nuclear g factor ratio g e / g 0 = −0.2270 ± 0.0015.
Biexcitability and Early Afterdepolarization-Mediated Cardiac Arrhythmias

Under normal conditions in ventricular tissue, both planar wave propagation and spiral wave reentry are mediated by Na current (INa)-mediated depolarization. Under diseased conditions in which repolarization reserve is reduced, however, secondary depolarizations can occur in the plateau or repolarizing phase of the action potential (AP) due to reactivation of the L-type calcium current (ICa,L), known as early afterdepolarizations (EADs). Under these conditions, we observed a novel behavior in which both INa-mediated spiral wave reentry and ICa,L-mediated spiral wave reentry coexisted in the same homogeneous tissue. INa-mediated spiral waves were similar to those observed under normal condition, with high rotation frequency (∼10 Hz) and nearly full repolarization between beats. ICa,L-mediated spiral waves, however, rotated much slower (2-3 Hz) with membrane voltage remaining above −40 mV, at which INa is inactivated. We call this novel property of an excitable medium biexcitability. In heterogeneous tissue with transmural AP gradients, pause-induced EADs initiated ICa,L-mediated rotors from the M-cell region. The resulting arrhythmia was characterized by co-existing ICa,L- and INa-mediated wavefronts, with a frequency and electrocardiographic appearance resembling Torsades de Pointes. The arrhythmia either terminated spontaneously or degenerated to ventricular fibrillation. We propose biexcitability as a novel mechanism of Torsades de Pointes in long QT syndromes.
Simultaneous analysis of sarin, pyridostigmine bromide and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine using HPLC

A method was developed for the separation and quantification of the warfare nerve agent sarin (O-isopropylmethylphosphonoflouridate), its metabolite methylphosphonic acid, the anti nerve agent drug pyridostigmine bromide (PB;3-dimethylaminocarbonyloxy-N-methyl pyridinium bromide) and its metaboliteN-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium bromide in rat plasma and urine. The method involved using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with reversed phase C18 column, and UV detection at 280 nm. The compounds were separated using gradient of 1% to 55% acetonitrile in 0.1% triflouroacetic acid water solution (pH 3.20) at flow rate of 0.9 ml/min in a period of 15 min. The retention times ranged from 4.4–12.1 min. The limits of detection were 50 ng mL−1 for PB andN-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium bromide, and 10 μg mL−1 for sarin and methylphosphonic acid, while limits of quantitation were between 100 ng mL−1–12 μg mL−1. Average percentage recovery of five spiked samples from plasma were 84.6±8.4, 86.5±9.0, 76.4±8.5, 81.3±8.2, and from urine 78.5±7.9, 76.4±7.8, 74.4±8.4, 80.6±6.8 for sarin, methylphosphonic acid, pyridostigmine bromide andN-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium bromide, respectively. This method was applied to analyze the above chemicals and metabolites following combined administration in rats.
POPULATION RELAXATION TIME OF OPTICAL PHONONS IN GaAs-AlAs MULTIPLE QUANTUM WELL STRUCTURES

Population relaxation time of confined as well as interface optical phonons in a series of GaAs-AlAs multiple quantum well structures has been measured by picosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Our experimental results have shown that (1) within the experimental accuracy, the population relaxation time of confined optical phonons in GaAs-AlAs multiple quantum well structures is independent of GaAs well-width and is given by 6±1 ps at T=10 K; (2) the population relaxation times of both GaAs-like and AlAs-like interface optical phonons increase as GaAs well-width increases from 20 A to 100 A. These experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations recently carried out by Gupta and Ridley (Ref. 3).
Competition between Salvinia minima and Spirodela polyrhiza mediated by nutrient levels and herbivory

Abstract We investigated the effects of initial biomass, nutrients, herbivory, and competition with Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid on Salvinia minima Baker biomass and density. S. minima populations were subjected to two levels of herbivory (control vs. two adults per plant) from the weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands and eight levels of competition from S. polyrhiza , while growing in high (5 mg N l −1 ) or low (0.5 mg N l −1 ) nutrient conditions. Herbivory was the most important factor in S. minima biomass production while competition or fertility had no measurable impact. In contrast, S . polyrhiza biomass was mediated primarily by nutrients, not competition. There was no herbivory treatment for this plant. S. polyrhiza was superior to S. minima at converting nutrients to biomass but this did not give it a competitive advantage since S. minima biomass was unchanged when herbivory was absent. S. minima can generally overtop S. polyrhiza which, in turn, can form multiple layers within its mat. These characteristics may act to lessen competition between these species, thereby permitting their habitat sharing.
GATA-1: one TEF customer.

In this issue of Blood , Elagib and colleagues describe a novel connection in megakaryopoiesis between the zinc finger transcription factor GATA-1 and the major mediator of transcriptional elongation, P-TEFb. The precise patterns of gene expression in cells and organisms are regulated primarily at
Catalytic influence of heparin on auramine O hydrolysis: A basis for differentiating heparin from other glycosaminoglycans based on its properties as a polyelectrolyte

The basis for heparin's ability to accelerate the conversion of auramine O (AuO) to Michlers ketone [P. Band & A. Lukton (1982) Anal. Biochem.120, 19–24] is here explained in terms of well-known polyelectrolyte phenomena. Acceleration of this acidcatalyzed hydrolysis appears to be due to colocalization of the cationic dye and hydronium ion within the microenvironment of heparin's electrostatic domain. The dependence of reaction rate on polymer, dye, and hydronium ion concentration, ionic strength, and various ratios of these parameters is consistent with what others have observed for polyelectrolyte catalysts. Dextran sulfate, polyvinyl sulfate, and polyanethole sulfonate likewise accelerate this reaction, thus precluding any explanation of the catalysis in terms of a specific catalytic site. A striking aspect about the polyanion–AuO system is the inability of all other natural glycosaminoglycans tested to catalyze this reaction, despite their analogous polyanionic nature. Manning's limiting laws describing counterion condensation in polyelectrolyte solutions provide a simple context within which to interpret these results. Calculation of the structural linear charge density parameter, ξ, based on analytically determined sulfate-to-hexosamine ratios, reveals that heparin is unique among the glycosaminoglycans in possessing an ξ value greater than unity under the conditions described. Thus, heparin's differential ability to catalyze AuO hydrolysis is a reflection of the fact that only heparin is sulfated to an extent great enough to maintain ξ > 1, even when the negative charge of carboxylate groups is neutralized. It is proposed that this distinction may be important to the unique biochemical attributes of heparin and that such considerations may prove useful in establishing structure–function relationships when comparing different glycosaminoglycan classes.
Estimates of Additive Genetic Effects, Maternal Genetic Effects, Individual Heterosis, Maternal Heterosis, and Egg Cytoplasmic Effects for Growth in Tilapia nilotica

Lengths and weights of Auburn University-Egypt and Auburn University-Ivory Coast strains of Tilapia nilotica and their F1 F2, and backcross hybrids were analyzed by multiple regression to estimate strain additive genetic effects, strain maternal genetic effects, individual heterosis (specific combining ability), maternal heterosis, and strain egg cytoplasmic effects for growth to determine why heterosis of the F2 and backcross hybrids was greater than that of the FI hybrids. Individual heterosis and maternal heterosis made the greatest contributions to growth. The F2 and backcross hybrids were larger than the F1 hybrids because of maternal heterosis. Regression coefficients were used to predict growth for any possible hybrid combination. Egypt ♀× Ivory Coast ♂ FI hybrid females backcrossed to Egypt males and Egypt ♀× Ivory Coast ♂ F2 hybrids were the largest groups evaluated in this study and were also predicted to have faster growth rates than any other possible Egypt-Ivory Coast hybrid.
Peak aerobic capacity predicts prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease.

Background It is unknown if contemporary preventive treatments such as statins or primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) have rendered obsolete the use of measured exercise capacity for assessment of future risk and prognosis. Using a sample of patients from 2 clinical sites, most of whom were taking β-blockade, antiplatelet, and statin therapy, we hypothesized that peak oxygen consumption (Vo 2 ) would remain a strong and independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality in men and women with CHD. Methods We studied 2,812 patients with CHD between 1996 and 2004. All-cause and cardiovascular disease–specific mortality served as end points. Results In all men and women and in a subgroup of patients following evidence-based care, peak Vo 2 remained a strong predictor of all-cause death, with every 1 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 increase in peak Vo 2 associated with an approximate 15% decrease in risk of death. Among men, a peak Vo 2 (mL·kg −1 ·min −1 ) below ∼15 was associated with the highest risk, whereas a peak Vo 2 above ∼19 was associated with a low rate and risk for annual all-cause mortality. Among women, a peak Vo 2 below ∼12 was associated with the highest risk, whereas a peak Vo 2 above ∼16.5 was associated with the lowest rate and risk for annual all-cause mortality. Conclusions In men and women with CHD, peak Vo 2 remains an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality.
Students With Psychiatric Disabilities in Higher Education Settings The Americans With Disabilities Act and Beyond

College students with psychiatric disabilities face multiple challenges. Judicial rulings under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 have generated outcomes that are sometimes more harmful than helpful. To reduce discrimination against persons with disabilities requires, among other things, a cultural shift in how psychiatric disabilities are viewed. This article examines (a) challenges that students with psychiatric disabilities face on higher education campuses; (b) the definition of disability under the ADA, with a focus on major life activities that may be substantially limited for people with psychiatric disabilities; (c) the implications of judicial rulings under the ADA for students with psychiatric disabilities; and (d) recommendations for accommodating students with psychiatric disabilities in higher education settings.
Development of transplantable nervous tissue constructs comprised of stretch-grown axons.

Pursuing a new approach to nervous system repair, fasciculated axon tracts grown in vitro were developed into nervous tissue constructs designed to span peripheral nerve or spinal cord lesions. We optimized the newfound process of extreme axon stretch growth to maximize the number and length of axon tracts, reach an unprecedented axon growth-rate of 1 cm/day, and create 5 cm long axon tracts in 8 days to serve as the core component of a living nervous tissue construct. Immunocytochemical analysis confirmed that elongating fibers were axons, and that all major cytoskeletal constituents were present across the stretch-growth regions. We formed a transplantable nervous tissue construct by encasing the elongated cells in an 80% collagen hydrogel, removing them from culture, and inserting them into a synthetic conduit. Alternatively, we induced axon stretch growth directly on a surgical membrane that could be removed from the elongation device, and formed into a cylindrical construct suitable for transplant. The ability to rapidly create living nervous tissue constructs that recapitulates the uniaxial orientations of the original nerve offers an unexplored and potentially complimentary direction in nerve repair. Ideally, bridging nerve damage with living axon tracts may serve to establish or promote new functional connections.
Diffferential effects of LDL Lowering on CMR measures of calf muscle perfusion and cellular metabolism in peripheral arterial disease

Methods 36 patients with mild-to-moderate symptomatic PAD (mean age 63 ± 11 years, ankle brachial index (ABI) 0.70 ± 0.14) were studied for two years after beginning lipidlowering therapy. Statin-naive patients were treated with simvastatin 40 mg or simvastatin 40 mg plus ezetimibe 10 mg and patients previously on a statin had ezetimbibe 10 mg added (total n = 36). Phosphocreatine recovery time constant (PCr) was measured using 31P MRS at 1.5 T after symptom-limited calf muscle exercise. PCr was calculated using a monoexponential fit of phosphocreatine concentration versus time, beginning at peak exercise. Calf muscle perfusion (n = 28, excluding those with compromised renal function) was measured at 1.5 T with gadolinium (0.1 mM/kg) infused after patients used a pedal ergometer to exhaustion (Figure 1). Slope of the time intensity curve in the calf muscle region with the greatest signal intensity defined tissue perfusion and was divided by the arterial input slope to define perfusion index. Gadolinium enhanced MRA from the distal aorta to the foot was graded for location and degree of stenosis (MRA Index). Skinner-Gardner treadmill test with post-exercise ABI and 6 minute supervised walks were performed. Changes in parameters over time were compared by ANOVA. from 13th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessions Phoenix, AZ, USA. 21-24 January 2010
Conducting intelligent business dialog

Purposeful dialog is a fundamental management responsibility. The author defines the purpose of dialog as discussing problems and their solutions, and he offers ideas about the structure of intelligent dialog: defining the problem, gathering and interpreting facts, considering alternatives, and reaching decisions. Often reaching decisions depends not so much on our ability to change others' opinions as it does on our willingness to change our own. Effective dialog requires the ability to disagree without being disagreeable.
Productivity growth in Illinois electric utilities

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to study productivity growth in Illinois electric utilities. We develop an input based Malmquist productivity index which makes use of Shephard's input distance functions. Our Malmquist productivity index does not require that firms be revenue maximizers or cost minimizers or that information be available on input prices. Moreover, our productivity index accounts for changes in technical efficiency as well as changes in the frontier technology. Linear programming techniques are used to calculate the Malmquist productivity index for a sample of 19 coal-fired steam electric generating plants in Illinois during 1975–1981. On average, rates of productivity growth are relatively stable but statistically significant productivity slowdown is found for the period of 1976–1977. The major contribution to this productivity slowdown is due to technological regress in that period. At the plant-specific level, we found that there are considerable variations in changes in both efficiency and technology and that efficiency change plays a major role in productivity growth. Our results suggest that neglecting technical efficiency in the analysis of productivity growth may lead to inappropriate conclusions.
Formation of Dense Nanoparticle Monolayers Mediated by Alternating Current Electric Fields and Electrohydrodynamic Flows

Monolayers comprising oppositely charged metal nanoparticles are deposited onto conductive surfaces upon application of ac fields of frequency ranging from 0.1 to 800 kHz. It is found that surface coverage depends on the frequency and is maximal at ∼300 kHz, for which the deposited coatings feature large, hexagonally close packed domains. The observed trends are rationalized by a model in which ac forcing induces hydrodynamic flows around the particles. These flows, in turn, translate into additional interparticle attractions facilitating dense particle packing.
Strain avalanches in plasticity

Plastic deformation at the mechanism level in all solids occurs in the form of discrete thermally activated individual stress relaxation events. While there are clear differences in mechanisms between dislocation mediated events in crystalline solids and by individual shear transformations in amorphous metals and semiconductors, such relaxation events interact strongly to form avalanches of strain bursts. In all cases the attendant distributions of released energy as amplitudes of acoustic emissions, or in serration amplitudes in flow stress, the levels of strain bursts are of fractal character with fractal exponents in the range from −1.5 to −2.0, having the character of phenomena of self-organized criticality, SOC. Here we examine strain avalanches in single crystals of ice, hcp metals, the jerky plastic deformations of nano-pillars of fcc and bcc metals deforming in compression, those in the plastic flow of bulk metallic glasses, all demonstrating the remarkable universality of character of plastic rel...
A simple method for conversion of area ratio measurements of cerebral structures to volume estimates

Tallman JF. Gallagher DW (1985): The GABA-ergic Woods SW, Chamey DS, Silver JM. Krystal JH, system: A locus of benzodiazepine action. Ann Heninger GR: (1988) Benzodiazepine receptor anRev Neurosci 8:21-44. tagonist effects in panic disorder. Presented at the Villacres EC, Hollifield M, Katon WJ, Wilkinson I4 1 st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric CW. Veith RC (1987): Sympathetic nervous sysAssociation, Montreal, Canada, May 12. 1988.
Modifications to increase accuracy and consistency of anticoagulant delivery using the fenwal CS3000 plus

Consistent and accurate delivery of anticoagulant (AC) with the Fenwal CS3000 Plus has been difficult to maintain. We have modified and evaluated methods to deliver AC more accurately and consistently at a 11:1 ratio on the Fenwal CS 3000 Plus. Two modifications (shortened AC tubing, shortened AC tubing with modified drip chamber) and two unmodified methods (unmodified right-hand string, unmodified double string) were compared (n = 20 platelet apheresis procedures each), resulting in average AC ratios of 11.4 +/- 0.5, 11.2 +/- 0.4, 11.6 +/- 1.3, and 12.1 +/- 0.7:1, respectively. There was a significantly higher incidence of ratios within +/- 10% of 11:1 using the modified methods, 90% and 100%, versus the unmodified methods, 50% and 55%, respectively. Comparison of 36 plateletapheresis (each) using 15-, 30-, and 90-minute intervals in AC drip rate monitoring revealed no significant difference. However, the 30-minute interval had a better ratio, 11.4 +/- 1.0 versus 11.6 +/- 0.8 or 11.7 +/- 1.1, and higher frequency of 11 +/- 10%: versus 75% and 72% and was more practical to use than 15-minute interval; the 90-minute interval did require adjustments in 8% of the procedures. The use of a spring scale versus AC bag graduations (n = 75 plateletapheresis) to measure AC volume was significantly superior in measuring volume (343 +/- 64 versus 373 +/- 72 ml), ratio (11.2 +/- 1.5 versus 10.2 +/- 1.6), and ratios 11 +/- 10%:1 (71% versus 52%). For more accurate and consistent AC delivery with the Fenwal CS 3000 Plus, we recommend three courses of action: 1) Shorten the AC line and modify the AC drip chamber, 2) use a 30-minute interval to monitor AC drip rate and adjust only if off by more than 3 drops/15 sec, 3) use a spring scale rather than AC bag graduations to obtain more accurate measurement of AC volume used.
A functional approach to the rhetoric of social movements

This essay develops a functional approach to the rhetoric of social movements that views rhetoric as the agency through which social movements perform functions essential to their furtherance and maintenance.
“[W]orthy the imitation of the whites”: Sarah Winnemucca and Mary Peabody Mann’s Collaboration

At first glance, Mary Peabody Mann’s Juanita: A Romance of Real Life in Cuba Fifty Years Ago (1887) shares little in common with Sarah Winnemucca’s Life among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims (1883). The first work is a novel set in Cuba, featuring a New England heroine who observes both the horrors of slavery and a doomed romance between the beautiful title character and a wealthy planter’s son. In many ways, it is a sort of Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852), relocated to a more tropical environment and published about thirty years too late to make much of a splash. 1 The second work is the increasingly well-known autobiography of the Northern Paiute leader who served as interpreter between some American Indians and the encroaching and duplicitous government. 2 Hailed by critics today as the remarkable achievement of a female cultural broker, Winnemucca’s text has found a place of prominence in the growing Native American canon. There is, though, a clear connection between these two very different books: their authors. Mann served as editor of Winnemucca’s text, writing a preface, providing footnotes, assembling an enormous appendix of testimonials, and attaching a petition. Moreover, Winnemucca influenced Juanita, a text Mann only completed after her collaboration on Life among the Piutes. Winnemucca and Mann’s relationship surpasses that of editor and writer. In fact, their relationship was a model of productive, mutually beneficial, and mutually enriching collaboration between writers of different ethnicities. Just as Winnemucca and Mann both consciously shape Life among the Piutes to make its author and the Northern Paiute cause acceptable and important to white readers, so too does Winnemucca influence Mann’s worldview, stretching over to Juanita, where Mann echoes Life’s ethnographic scope and Winnemucca’s belief that white society has much to learn from oppressed peoples. 3 Finally, in their shared call for female leadership of reform movements, both writers invite their women readers to join the causes of equality and justice. While each writer had previously invoked ideas of such female-centered reform, it is only through their collaboration that they are able to imagine more fully those leaders stepping forward. In other words, each woman benefits from what the other brings to the collaboration, including an appreciative understanding of ethnic differences, and together they create something that would not have existed had they acted alone. There is a long history of critical commentary on relationships between Native authors and white editors, including
Cuff Leak Tests at the Time of Extubation Correlate With Voice Quality Assessment

Background. Endotracheal intubation frequently causes laryngeal injury, including edema, ulceration, and vocal cord immobility. These problems can complicate the immediate postextubation course. Methods. The authors measured the cuff leak and made bedside assessment of the voice in 51 patients requiring mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Results. The median tidal volume was 450 mL (range = 300-600 mL). The median duration of ventilation was 3 days (range = 0-19 days). The median cuff leak was 180 mL (range = −33 to 460 mL); the median percentage cuff leak was 40.9% (range = −7.75% to 99.2%). Women had significantly smaller cuff leaks (18.6% of tidal volume vs 50.3% in men, P = .01). Patients with hoarseness frequently had smaller cuff leaks (median 24.1% vs. 46.7% in nonhoarse patients). Eleven patients (84.6%, 11/13) with a cuff leak 15% had hoarseness (P = .01). Four patients had stridor, and all had a cuff leak >15% of the ti...
Going Concern Designations and GAAP versus Non-GAAP Earnings Metrics

ABSTRACT: Many students have not spent much time studying or contemplating the importance of non-GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) earnings to the “Street.” Based on the facts of an actual company and utilizing the financial information drawn from this company's 10-K and Earnings Release, this case introduces students to the strengths and weaknesses of GAAP and non-GAAP earnings measures, and why the Street might be more interested in cash and recurring earnings in attempting to predict movements in stock price. It also provides the instructor with an opportunity to discuss the dangers of allowing firms to emphasize earnings in their press releases that are not defined by an external authoritative body (such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board [FASB]), and how this can hurt the consistency and reliability of reporting. This is an important discussion, since regulators have recently formally proposed to include non-GAAP measures in their overhaul of the auditor reporting model (Public...
Combined Modeling of Bilayer Networks for Sensing Applications

The bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) is a naturally occurring thin layer of phospholipid molecules that surrounds cellular systems. The membrane operates as a near-impermeable barrier allowing for the generation of membrane potentials across the layer through changes in ionic concentrations. This membrane is required for regular cell function ranging from storing energy to passing signals. Engineering advancements have allowed for the rapid creation of artificial bilayer membranes, and these membranes are currently considered for many biomimetic applications.The application of interest for this paper is the further development of these cellular systems for sensing applications. This will be accomplished through a combined fluid-bilayer model, allowing for study of the bilayer transduction properties at both high and low frequencies. Several approaches are discussed and applied to multiple cell systems with or without embedded voltage-dependent ion pores. Finally the results are studied and evidence is presented for the development of a new molecular model for cellular systems combining chemical, electrical, and mechanical stimuli.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Conditioned place preference induced by intraventricular infusions of acetaldehyde

Multiple intracerebroventricular infusions of acetaldehyde were shown to induce conditioned place preference in laboratory rats. Those animals receiving acetaldehyde infusions displayed an increased preference for environmental cues previously paired with the drug administration. These results indicate that acetaldehyde, when present in the brain, may have reinforcing properties.
The structure and behavior of the nucleolus organizer in mammalian cells.

The regularly occurring secondary constrictions on metaphase chromosomes of mammalian cells prove to be nucleolus organizers as expected. The expression of nucleolus organizers as secondary constrictions, however, varies from cell to cell and from tissue to tissue, including cultivation in vitro. Electron micrographs of the organizer region show that the nucleolus organizer at metaphase is not a constriction. The width of the organizer area is the same as the condensed chromosomal arms; but the filaments, which are the major components of this region, show a diameter of 50–70 A. The condensed chromosome arms consist of filaments 150–200 A in diameter. In some mammalian species, structures similar to the nucleolus organizer are located at the end of chromosomes. These may be terminal nucleolus organizers.
Comment on the abundances of rotational and tangential discontinuities in the solar wind

[1] Several recent studies indicate that there are very few discontinuities in the solar wind that have both the small changes in field magnitude and the large components of the magnetic field normal to the discontinuity surface that are commonly assumed to be signatures of rotational discontinuities (RDs). Those results call into question the validity of earlier studies based on the minimum variance technique for determining the direction of the normal to the discontinuity; many of those studies concluded that RDs occur more frequently than tangential discontinuities (TDs). The new results raise the question of whether the discontinuities with both small magnitude changes and small normal components are TDs with small magnitude changes or RDs with small normal components. Reexamination of an earlier study of discontinuities observed with the ISEE 3 spacecraft and consideration of the plasma jump conditions across some of the discontinuities observed by Cluster fail to give a clear answer. The pros and cons of the two interpretations are summarized.
A Modern Visionary

The One Best Way. Frederick Winslow Taylor and the Enigma of Efficiency. ROBERT KANIGEL. Viking, New York, 1997. xii, 676 pp., illus. $34.95 or C$45. ISBN 0-670-86402-1. Sloan Technology Series.
Deep subsurface thermal lesions in tissue using an Nd:YAG laser and cryogen spray cooling: preliminary in vitro results

Surface cooling methods are used in dermatology to protect the skin surface during cosmetic laser procedures. This study investigates cryogen spray cooling of the tissue surface during laser production of deep subsurface tissue legions. Nd:YAG laser radiation with a wavelength of 1.06 microns, output power of 30 Watts, a 7.5-mm-diameter spot, and a pulse duration of 1 s, was delivered to porcine liver and skin samples, maintained at 33 - 37°C and monitored with embedded micro-thermocouples. The cryogen spray was delivered intermittently between laser pulses, with a pulse duration of 60 milliseconds, reptition rate of 0.333 Hz, and a 2-cm-diameter spot. Gross and histologic pathology was used to measure tissue lesion dimensions. Liver lesions measured 4.9 ± 1.2 mm in diameter, while preserving the tissue surface to depth of 2.1 ± 0.4 mm (n = 5). Surface temperatures remained below 40°C, while lesion temperatures ranged between 60 - 70°C. Skin lesions appeared 1 mm below the skin surface and measured ~ 2-mm-diameter (n = 4). This technique may be used to target subsurface anatomical structures in the male reproductive tract for noninvasive male sterilization. In vivo experiments will be necessary to optimize the laser heating and cryogen cooling parameters.
Serum and Pituitary TSH and Response to TRH in Developing Male and Female Rats

Serum and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured by radioimmunoassay in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats from 21 through 80 days of age. In males, serum TSH levels increased progressively from days 30 through 50, and were found to be lower on days 60, 70, and 80. In females, serum TSH levels were elevated on days 40 and 50, compared with day 30, but declined on days 60–80. A sex difference in serum TSH levels, with those of the male higher than those of the female, appeared by day 30 and was maintained through day 80. The anterior pituitary (AP) content of TSH in males increased from days 21 through 50 and remained constant through day 80; in females the AP content increased between days 25 and 60 and remained constant through day 80. In males, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) induced a significant elevation in serum TSH at all ages tested, but was less effective in increasing serum TSH on day 25 than on days 15 or 40 or in 3–4-month-old rats. The response to TRH appeared to be sus...
Optical System for Line-Scan Television Satellite

The ever increasing demand for more sophisticated meteorological television satellites has inspired several organizations to investigate many unique systems and techniques. The Applied Physics Laboratory of The Johns Hopkins University, operating under contract to the Bureau of Naval Weapons, has undertaken the feasibility study of a line-scan television system for earth observation satellites. The results of this study were considered to be so successful that a limited hardware program was initiated. The television system was designed to be mounted in a gravity-gradient stabilized satellite and launched into a near-earth, sun synchronous orbit. Its lens will have a 84° x 3° field of view that will continuously sweep a wide strip of the earth's surface. The image will be transmitted from the curved focal surface of the spherically symmetrical lens to the face plate of an image dissector tube by an array of fiber optics. Linear mapping in the direction of the satellite travel, transmitted to the ground receiving stations in real time is the obvious advantage of this line-scan system. The photometry that governed the design parameters of the complete optical system are presented. The advantage of using fiber-optics rather than conventional relay lenses to transfer the image from the primary lens to the image-dissector tube are discussed. The basic mission of the television satellite is briefly defined.© (1967) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
AN ARBITRARY LAGRANGIAN-EULERIAN FINITE ELEMENT MODEL FOR HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF SOLIDIFICATION PROCESSES

Abstract A heat transfer analysis for solidification problems has been conducted to evaluate the temperature field and the location of the phase-change interface. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian kinematic description has been utilized in the finite-element formulation to impart flexibility to the motion of the nodes. By detaching the nodal points from the underlying material, nodes can be monitored to follow the evolving front, while maintaining shapes of the elements. Special numerical techniques to smoothen the deforming front and to avoid continuous remeshing have been introduced. Numerical examples have been solved to establish the validity of the present model and its strength.
Discussion of “What Determines Financial Analysts’ Career Outcomes During Mergers?”

Abstract Wu and Zang [2009. What determines financial analysts’ career outcomes during mergers? Journal of Accounting & Economics, forthcoming] examine how mergers and acquisitions in the investment banking/brokerage industry affect financial analyst employment. They find evidence of abnormally high analyst turnover following mergers that appears to reflect the acquirer's elimination of duplicate research capabilities and top analysts at the newly merged firm being hired away by competitors. Finally, they show that the increased analyst turnover at merged firms is related to decreases in analyst coverage and analyst performance post-merger.