cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Does Migration Have to Do with Rehabilitation, Reentry, and Reintegration?

Examining the experiences of two very different populations that went through two islands in New York, one is Ellis Island and the other is Rikers Island, one cannot stop to wonder how different the two are when examining the integration and assimilation process of the individuals who went through them. How different are the processes that the two groups undergo during their efforts to assimilate into the normative civil community? Or are they? This chapter explores the premise that the experience of immigrants bears interesting similarities to those of released offenders, in terms of their integration/assimilation challenges and struggles, and uses some successful migration models to examine offender integration solutions similar to absorption, acculturation, and assimilation strategies that are used to solve migration challenges. It is possible to argue that the two integration scenarios tend to be similar in terms of experiences and expectations, but with different players and different adaptation solutions.
Sexual Quality of Life and Aging: A Prospective Study of a Nationally Representative Sample

Unlike other life domains, sexual quality of life (SQoL) has a negative relationship with age. This study disentangled the effect of age in this relationship from confounding sociocultural influences (e.g., the period of time in which data were collected, and cohort differences) and aimed to understand the roles of other sexual domains (i.e., frequency, perceived control, thought and effort invested in sex, and number of sexual partners). We analyzed data from the longitudinal Midlife in the United States study (n = 6,278; age range 20–93), which were collected between 1995 and 2013. Repeated measures linear mixed-effects models showed that age was the most robust time-related predictor of declining SQoL. However, after the sexual domains were included in the model, age had a positive relationship with SQoL and older adults’ SQoL was differentially influenced by the quality—not quantity—of sex. When partnership characteristics were included in the model, age was no longer related to SQoL. These findings s...
Attributes Associated with Adherence to Glaucoma Medical Therapy and its Effects on Glaucoma Outcomes: An Evidence-Based Review and Potential Strategies to Improve Adherence

The treatment paradigm in glaucoma classically starts with exhausting all medical therapy prior to proceeding with laser or incisional surgery, although laser-first and surgery-first strategies have been explored in randomized clinical trials. Although glaucoma drops are proven to work well to lower intraocular pressure, slow the conversion from ocular hypertension, and slow the progression of disease in early open angle glaucoma, adherence to treatment is likely optimum in the randomized clinical trials that support these claims. In real-world scenarios, medical therapy often fails and practitioners are forced to proceed with more invasive treatment modalities to slow the progression of this blinding disease. This review aims to take an evidence-based approach to study the risk factors for poor adherence in glaucoma patients, to determine whether poor adherence is, in fact, associated with worse outcomes, and to seek potential strategies to improve adherence in these patients.
Severe Pain in Veterans: The Effect of Age and Sex, and Comparisons With the General Population.

Abstract This study provides national prevalence estimates of US military veterans with severe pain, and compares veterans with nonveterans of similar age and sex. Data used are from the 2010 to 2014 National Health Interview Survey on 67,696 adults who completed the Adult Functioning and Disability Supplement. Participants with severe pain were identified using a validated pain severity coding system imbedded in the National Health Interview Survey Adult Functioning and Disability Supplement. It was estimated that 65.5% of US military veterans reported pain in the previous 3 months, with 9.1% classified as having severe pain. Compared with veterans, fewer nonveterans reported any pain (56.4%) or severe pain (6.4%). Whereas veterans aged 18 to 39 years had significantly higher prevalence rates for severe pain (7.8%) than did similar-aged nonveterans (3.2%), veterans age 70 years or older were less likely to report severe pain (7.1%) than nonveterans (9.6%). Male veterans (9.0%) were more likely to report severe pain than male nonveterans (4.7%); however, no statistically significant difference was seen between the 2 female groups. The prevalence of severe pain was significantly higher in veterans with back pain (21.6%), jaw pain (37.5%), severe headaches or migraine (26.4%), and neck pain (27.7%) than in nonveterans with these conditions (respectively: 16.7%, 22.9%, 15.9%, and 21.4%). Although veterans (43.6%) were more likely than nonveterans (31.5%) to have joint pain, no difference was seen in the prevalence of severe pain associated with this condition. Perspective Prevalence of severe pain, defined as that which occurs “most days” or “every day” and bothers the individual “a lot,” is strikingly more common in veterans than in members of the general population, particularly in veterans who served during recent conflicts. Additional assistance may be necessary to help veterans cope with their pain.
Pulsed focused ultrasound effects on the brain interstitium

The ability to generate changes in the interstitial components of various tissues has a host of potential clinical applications. These include enhancing the delivery of drugs and genes, increasing oxygenation and blood flow for radiosensitization, altering fluid and pressure dynamics in the setting of inflammation, and increasing the clearance of detrimental factors such as amyloid plaques in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Our previous studies have shown how pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) can enhance the delivery of various chemotherapeutic agents in solid tumor models for reduced growth rates and improved survival. More recently we showed how pulsed ultrasound exposures can safely enlarge both the extracellular and perivascular spaces in an ex vivo brain model. The goal of the current study was to determine whether these effects could be reproduced noninvasively in the living brain.
The Development and Status of the Baboon Genetic Linkage Map

The genetic linkage map of the baboon (Papio hamadryas s.l.) genome was the first linkage map developed for any nonhuman primate (Rogers et al., 2000). It has proven to be a valuable resource for numerous genetic studies using this species. The linkage map enables detailed analysis of locus order and recombination distances within baboon chromosomes, and hence provides the best information to date for studies that compare chromosome structure of baboons to that of other species. A number of investigators have used the baboon linkage map to locate, within specific chromosomal regions, functionally significant genes (quantitative trait loci, or QTLs) that influence phenotypic variation related to human disease. The success over the past several years in mapping QTLs in baboons suggests that this approach to the genetic analysis of complex phenotypes will continue to provide meaningful results. In this chapter we review the initial construction of the linkage map, the types of genetic polymorphisms used, and some of the results obtained. We also present our perspective concerning future directions in linkage analysis using baboons and other nonhuman primates.
Examination of Skill Acquisition and Grader Bias in a Distal Radius Fracture Fixation Model

Objectives Primary : Assess the ability of faculty graders to predict the objectively measured strength of distal radius fracture fixation. Secondary: Compare resident skill variation and retention related to other knowable training data. Design Residents were allowed 60 minutes to stabilize a standardized distal radius fracture using an assigned fixed-angle volar plate. Faculty observed and subjectively graded the residents without providing real-time feedback. Objective biomechanical evaluation (construct strength and stiffness) was compared to subjective grades. Resident-specific characteristics (sex, PGY, and ACGME case log) were also used to compare the objective data. Setting A simulated operating room in our laboratory. Participants Post-graduate year 2, 3, 4, and 5 orthopedic residents. Results Primary: Faculty were not successful at predicting objectively measured fixation, and their subjective scoring suggests confirmation bias as PGY increased. Secondary: Resident year-in-training alone did not predict objective measures (p = 0.53), but was predictive of subjective scores (p Conclusions This testing model enabled the collection of objective and subjective resident skill scores. Faculty graders did not routinely predict objective measures, and their subjective assessment appears biased related to PGY. Also, in vivo case volume alone does not predict objective results. Familiar faculty teaching consistency, and resident grading by external faculty unfamiliar with tested residents, might alter these results.
Use of methotrexate in the treatment of psoriasis and other dermatological disorders

Following the demonstration by Rees et al. that the skin disease psoriasis is quite often responsive to treatment with methotrexate (MTX) other investigators began to examine its use in a wide variety of benign and malignant cutaneous diseases [1-6] (Tab. 1). Most of these diseases have been shown to arise as a result of severe inflammation, cellular hyperproliferation, tissue hyperplasia, or a combination of these. Because psoriasis is the most common of this group of diseases, estimated to occur in 1-2% of western European populations [7], much of the discussion on the use of MTX in skin disease will be given to MTX and its use in psoriasis. Table 1 Skin diseases in which methotrexate has been found useful Hyperproliferative Malignancies Vasculitis Systemic connective tissue diseases Bullous diseases Inflamm atory skin diseases - Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis - Pityriasis rubra pilaris - Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis - Lamellar ichthyosis - Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycos is fungoides and Sezary’s syndrome) - Polyarteri tis nodosa (cutaneous and systemic) - Wegener’s granulomatosis - Dermatomyositis - Pemphigus - Pemphigoid - Pityriasis Iichenoides et varioliformis (Mucha-Habermann disease) - Sarcoidosis
Quick Off the Mark? In Favor of Empowering the President-Elect

The United States' presidential transition period is too long. Scholarship to date has focused primarily on the difficulties raised by an outgoing president's "midnight rulemaking" and related actions during the transition period. This brief essay suggests refocusing the discussion upon the actions of the incoming president-elect during the transition period. While the president-elect is currently devoid of formal responsibility, the essay suggests that increasing the president-elect's authority would increase the legitimacy of executive branch actions by increasing both the branch's responsiveness and accountability to voters. The essay briefly lays out three potential options for empowering the president-elect. It overviews potential constitutional objections, including under the Twentieth Amendment, and concludes that for at least some of the options, objections may be surmountable. It concludes that requiring the concurrence of the president-elect or her designate in significant administrative agency decisions would be helpful and is clearly worth further investigation.
Comparison of Cone-Beam Tomography and Cross-Sectional Imaging for Volumetric and Dosimetric Calculations in Resin Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

To compare the use of cone-beam computed tomography versus contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the calculation of liver volume and planned dose for yttrium-90 radioembolization. The study retrospectively assessed 47 consecutive patients who underwent resin Y-90 radioembolization consecutively over a 2-year period at a single center. Volume calculation software was used to determine perfused lobar liver volumes from cone-beam CT (CBCT) images obtained during mapping angiography. CBCT-derived volumes were compared with perfused lobar volume derived from contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. Nominal activities as determined by the SIR-Spheres Microspheres Activity Calculator were similarly calculated and compared using both CBCT and conventionally acquired volumes. A total of 82 hepatic lobes were assessed in 47 patients. The mean percentage difference between combined CT-MRI- and CBCT-derived calculated lobar volumes was 25.3% (p = 0.994). The mean percentage difference in calculated dose between the two methods was 21.8 ± 24.6% (p = 0.42). Combined left and right lobar CT-derived dose difference was less than 10% in 22 lobes, between 10 and 25% in 20 lobes, between 25 and 50% in 13 lobes and greater than 50% in 5 lobes. Combined left and right lobar MRI-derived dose difference was less than 10% in 11 lobes, between 10 and 25% in 7 lobes, between 25 and 50% in 2 lobes and greater than 50% in 1 lobe. Although volume measurements derived from CT/MRI did not differ significantly from those derived from CBCT, variability between the two methods led to large and unexpected differences in calculated dose.
Alteration of Platelet Activating Factor-Induced Macrophage Tumoricidal Response, IA Expression, and Signal Transduction by N-3 Fatty Acids

Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a mediator of inflammation which may be synthesized by a variety of cells including macrophages1. It has the ability to prolong inflammation by stimulating subsequent production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFα), which can act as a secondary inflammatory mediator2. The pro-inflammatory actions of PAF may be involved in tumoricidal activation. For years it has been known that macrophages could be activated for antitumor activity by priming with interferon-γ (IFNγ) and subsequent activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, high levels of LPS can fully activate macrophages for tumor cell kill. The antitumor activity induced by those agents may be altered by various macrophage secretory products such as interleukin-1, TNFα and lipid mediators2,5,4. Examples include arachidonic acid metabolites and PAF. Moreover, PAF has the ability to stimulate the production of eicosanoids, also potent lipid modulators of immune function. Unlike secreted TNFα, physiological concentrations of PAF have not been shown to be cytotoxic to tumor cells. Thus, a possible role of PAF may be to initiate or stimulate macrophage tumoricidal activity.
The contact problem in solid-ink printing: A study is made of the ink-transfer characteristics resulting from a collision between a type font and a stack of paper and carbon peper. theoretical analysis is compared with experiment

An analysis is made of the print-quality characteristics of multi-copy printing in which a rigid type font indents several layers of paper and carbon paper resting on a rigid platen. Particular attention is given to determining the contact-pressure distributions for two indenter shapes and for layers of various thicknesses. Stress distributions in the layers are computed and, using a stress-failure mechanism for solid ink, the stress distributions are found to agree well with opticalprint density and reflectance measurements obtained from experiments.
Expecting More in Relationships – Implications of Relational Entitlement

Sense of relational entitlement refers to what individuals’ believe they “should” expect from their romantic partner. When expectations are both unrealistic and not met by one’s partner, there is a...
Hybrid UIs for Music Exploration in AR and VR

We present hybrid user interfaces that facilitate interaction with music content in 3D, using a combination of 2D and 3D input and display devices. Participants will explore an online music library, some wearing AR or VR head-worn displays used alone or in conjunction with touch screens, and others using only touch screens. They will select genres, artists, albums, and songs, interacting through a combination of 3D hand-tracking and 2D multi-touch technologies.
Consequences of assisted reproductive techniques on the embryonic epigenome in cattle

Procedures used in assisted reproduction have been under constant scrutiny since their inception with the goal of improving the number and quality of embryos produced. However, invitro production of embryos is not without complications because many fertilised oocytes fail to become blastocysts, and even those that do often differ in the genetic output compared with their invivo counterparts. Thus only a portion of those transferred complete normal fetal development. An unwanted consequence of bovine assisted reproductive technology (ART) is the induction of a syndrome characterised by fetal overgrowth and placental abnormalities, namely large offspring syndrome; a condition associated with inappropriate control of the epigenome. Epigenetics is the study of chromatin and its effects on genetic output. Establishment and maintenance of epigenetic marks during gametogenesis and embryogenesis is imperative for the maintenance of cell identity and function. ARTs are implemented during times of vast epigenetic reprogramming; as a result, many studies have identified ART-induced deviations in epigenetic regulation in mammalian gametes and embryos. This review describes the various layers of epigenetic regulation and discusses findings pertaining to the effects of ART on the epigenome of bovine gametes and the preimplantation embryo.
Novel and emerging sources of Clostridioides difficile infection

Clostridioides difficile causes more healthcare-associated infections in the United States than any other pathogen, with an estimated 500,000 infections and 29,000 deaths per year [1]. Although C. difficile first emerged as a healthcare-associated pathogen, infections are increasingly acquired in the community [2]. Genomic epidemiology studies have shown that clinical C. difficile isolates are more diverse than previously presumed and point toward unidentified environmental reservoirs [3]. An improved understanding of C. difficile’s epidemiology is essential for future infection prevention efforts, both within healthcare settings and in the community. Here, we provide an overview of the changing epidemiology of C. difficile and current evidence for novel sources of transmission.
Absence of Coronary Artery Calcium During Positron Emission Tomography Stress Testing in Patients Without Known Coronary Artery Disease Identifies Individuals With Very Low Risk of Cardiac Events.

Background: Myocardial perfusion imaging, including positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), is often used to assess for high-grade coronary artery disease (CAD) requiring revascu...
Using Self-Study and Peer-to-Peer Support to Change "Sick" Care to "Health" Care: The Patient Perspective.

Background: Access to digital health technologies is contributing to a paradigm shift where sickcare may become authentic healthcare. Individuals can now access personal health data through wearable sensors, affordable lab screenings, genetic and genomic sequencing, and real-time health tracking apps. Personal health data access creates opportunities to study health indicators 24/7 and in real time. This is especially useful for patients with hard-to-diagnose or treat diseases, which led to a self-formed patient group called Project Apollo. Project Apollo is composed of highly motivated patients with common experiences of: 1- undiagnosed conditions, 2- a lack of clear treatment options and, 3- shared frustrations with navigating the U.S. health care system. These experiences have led the Apollo cohort to supplement their health knowledge through self-study research. Objective: To qualify the experience and expectations of patients affiliated with Project Apollo. Methods: A qualitative approach involved record review and semi-structured interviews. One-hour semi-structured interviews were conducted to solicit motivations, expectations and potential barriers and facilitators to self-study followed by a brief survey on digital tool use. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analyzed to identify themes and patterns. Results: Participants included six females and three males ranging in age from 30 to 70+ years. Responses were organized under five key themes including: 1– frustration with healthcare system; 2– community support; 3– self-study/N-of-1 research; 4–access to experts; 5– moving from sick to health care. Facilitators include motivation, albeit stemming from frustration, a safe community where patients derive support, and access to experts for guidance. Increasing awareness of clinicians about the potential value of partnering with patients who are advancing health knowledge through self-study is critical. Conclusions: N-of-1 self-study research coupled with community support and digital health tools, appears to be one plausible pathway to shifting the paradigm from sickcare toward patient-partnered healthcare.
Association of multimodal analgesia with perioperative safety and opioid use following head and neck microvascular reconstruction.

BACKGROUND This study examines the association of multimodal analgesia (MMA) protocol for head and neck microvascular reconstruction with postoperative safety and opioid use. METHODS Retrospective, intention-to-treat analysis of 226 patients undergoing head and neck microvascular reconstruction between January 1, 2014 and August 30, 2018 at a tertiary-care hospital following MMA protocol implementation. Multivariable models examined outcomes of interest. RESULTS There were no differences between groups in frequency of bleeding, return to operating room, complete flap loss, readmissions, wound complications, and 30-day mortality. Patients in MMA protocol experienced reduced likelihood of partial flap loss (OR 0.18, confidence interval 0.04-0.91), meaningful reduction in postoperative opioid use (cumulative inpatient morphine equivalents [64 vs 141 mg; P < .001], daily morphine equivalents [8 vs 22 mg/d; P < .001]; and 22.5% lower frequency of opioid prescription at discharge [55.6% vs 78.1%; P = .001]). CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing head and neck microvascular reconstruction, MMA is safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid use.
Depression Screening from Text Message Reply Latency

Depression is both debilitating and prevalent. While treatable, it is often undiagnosed. Passive depression screening is crucial, but leveraging data from Smartphones and social media has privacy concerns. Inspired by the known relationship between depression and slower information processing speed, we hypothesize the latency of texting replies will contain useful information in screening for depression. Specifically, we extract nine reply latency related features from crowd-sourced text message conversation meta-data. By considering text metadata instead of content, we mitigate the privacy concerns. To predict binary screening survey scores, we explore a variety of machine learning methods built on principal components of the latency features. Our findings demonstrate that an XGBoost model built with one principal component achieves an F1 score of 0.67, AUC of 0.72, and Accuracy of 0.69. Thus, we confirm that reply latency of texting has promise as a modality for depression screening.
MAD-VAE: Manifold Awareness Defense Variational Autoencoder.

Although deep generative models such as Defense-GAN and Defense-VAE have made significant progress in terms of adversarial defenses of image classification neural networks, several methods have been found to circumvent these defenses. Based on Defense-VAE, in our research we introduce several methods to improve the robustness of defense models. The methods introduced in this paper are straight forward yet show promise over the vanilla Defense-VAE. With extensive experiments on MNIST data set, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of our algorithms against different attacks. Our experiments also include attacks on the latent space of the defensive model. We also discuss the applicability of existing adversarial latent space attacks as they may have a significant flaw.
Design of Common-Mode Feedback for High-Gain Charge Amplifier

We describe a common-mode feedback circuit (CMFB) for a charge detector. The amplifier is implemented in a 180-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The amplifier combines a folded differential topology, active reset, and small feedback capacitors. This allows for low noise, high-gain, high-dynamic-range, and robust operations. The design and analysis of the CMFB for the proposed high-gain charge amplifier is discussed. Simulation results show that the CMFB loop has a phase margin of 62.1 degrees and a gain margin of 25 dB. Measurement results show the amplifier chip exhibits a stable common mode voltage.
Efficacy and Adverse Events of Docetaxel for Metastatic, Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Among Elderly Men: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CHAARTED Trial.

Abstract Background : Combination therapy with docetaxel and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) prolongs overall survival in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). We assessed the benefits and adverse effects of docetaxel and ADT in relation to advancing age. Methods : We performed a post-hoc analysis of the CHAARTED trial comparing docetaxel and ADT versus ADT alone (n=773). Patients were stratified in age groups 70 years old. Multivariable-adjusted progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using multivariable Cox regressions with calculated interaction terms between age group and treatment arm. In the combination arm, the incidence of at least one adverse event (Grade ≥ 3) and the number of adverse events per patient were compared for each age group using multivariable logistic and linear regressions, respectively. Results : After adjusting for clinical variables, docetaxel's effect did not vary by age group for PFS and OS. There was no significant difference in the odds ratio of at least one adverse event (p>0.1 for age groups 60-70 and >70 years old compared to 70 years old experienced +0.37 more adverse events per patient compared to men age Conclusions : PFS and OS were similar across age groups for the combination of docetaxel and ADT compared to ADT. Older men experienced a modest increase in adverse events per patient, highlighting the importance of balancing treatment benefits and adverse effects in this age group.
Diketopiperazine Formation from FPGnK (n = 1-9) Peptides: Rates of Structural Rearrangements and Mechanisms.

Peptides with penultimate proline residues undergo trans → cis isomerization of the Phe1-Pro2 peptide bond followed by spontaneous bond cleavage at the Pro2-Xxx3 bond (where Xxx is another amino acid residue), leading to cleavage of the Pro2-Xxx3 bond and formation of a diketopiperazine (DKP). In this paper, ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry techniques were used to study the dissociation kinetics of nine peptides [Phe1-Pro2-Glyn-Lysn+3 (n = 1-9)] in ethanol. Shorter (n = 1-3) peptides are found to be more stable than longer (n = 4-9) peptides. Alanine substitution studies indicate that, when experiments are initiated, the Phe1-Pro2 bond of the n = 9 peptide exists exclusively in the cis configuration, while the n = 1-8 peptides appear to exist initially with both cis- and trans-Phe1-Pro2 configured bonds. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions stabilize conformations of shorter peptides, thus inhibiting DKP formation. Similar stabilizing interactions appear less frequently in longer peptides. In addition, in smaller peptides, the N-terminal amino group is more likely to be charged compared to the same group in longer peptides, which would inhibit the dissociation through the DKP formation mechanism. Analysis of temperature-dependent kinetics measurements provides insight about the mechanism of bond cleavage. The analysis gives the following transition state thermochemistry: ΔG⧧ values range from 94.6 ± 0.9 to 101.5 ± 1.9 kJ·mol-1, values of ΔH⧧ range from 89.1 ± 0.9 to 116.7 ± 1.5 kJ·mol-1, and ΔS⧧ values range from -25.4 ± 2.6 to 50.8 ± 4.2 J·mol-1·K-1. Proposed mechanisms and thermochemistry are discussed.
Hyperglycemic Induced Chorea-Ballismus Responsive to Valbenazine: a Video Case Report and Review of the Literature. (P4.7-008)

Objective: To describe a patient case report of delayed presentation of hyperglycemia induced chorea-ballismus that responded to dopamine depleting medication Valbenazine Background: Non-ketotic hyperglycemia is the second most common cause of acute onset chorea-ballismus, with typically associated lesions in the basal ganglia. The exact mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced chorea is unknown but is believed to be secondary to both decreased blood flow and depletion of aminobutyric acid that disproportionately affects the basal ganglia. In previously reported cases, patients present acutely symptomatic in the setting of elevated blood glucose. Design/Methods: The patient was started on medication Valbenazine with video recordings taken pre-treatment. The patient was called 24 hours after treatment to assess mediation tolerability and response. One month after treatment the patient was re-evaluated and a repeat video recording taken to assess medication response and disease course. Results: An 89-year-old woman of South East Asian descent who presented to outside hospital with altered mental status and found have was newly diagnosed uncontrolled diabetes and HgbA1c above 13. About six weeks after discharged from hosptial she started having progressive bilateral chorea-ballismus over a span of two weeks. Her blood sugar control was well managed after hospitalization. Patient presented to the emergency department with non-elevated blood sugars. MRI brain on presentation showed bilateral caudate and lentiform nucleus T1 hyperintense lesions. She was started on Valbenzine. The patient reported marked improvement in chorea-ballismus after 24 hours of treatment. Patient tolerated the medication and denied any significant side effects. One month post-treatment video demonstrated marked improvement with the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor, Valbenazine. Conclusions: Our case report and videos demonstrate that hyperglycemia acquired form of chorea-ballismus can present atypically in a delayed fashion and is responsive to dopamine depleting agents. Disclosure: Dr. Saunders has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose.
Frequency domain turbo equalization for No-CP single-carrier MIMO underwater acoustic communications

This paper proposes a frequency-domain turbo detection scheme for single-carrier, multiple-input, multiple output (MIMO) underwater acoustic (UWA) transmission without using cyclic prefix (CP), aiming to achieve a low detection complexity and a high transmission efficiency simultaneously. The received data stream is divided into consecutive blocks, and each block is equalized in the frequency domain. To enable the frequency-domain equalization, inter-block-interference (IBI) cancellation and CP reconstruction are necessary for each block. The IBI is removed by using the currently estimated channel and the detected symbols from the previous block. The CP reconstruction for the current iteration of the turbo equalization is obtained with the soft symbol estimation from the previous iteration. In the first iteration, there is no a priori soft symbol estimation available, thus the frequency-domain equalizer (FDE) is performed in an approximating style. The detection performance improves over iterations. The proposed scheme has been tested by field trial data measured in the ACOMM09 underwater communication experiment.
Dual variable domain autoantibodies to analyze the distinct role of BCR-TLR7 and BCR-TLR9 co-engagement on B cells (INM9P.455)

Self-constituents can aberrantly engage pattern recognition receptors and result in autoimmune diseases. The activation of autoreactive B cells by DNA- and RNA- immune complexes through TLR9 and TLR7 respectively, has been implicated in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Interestingly, TLR9-deficient autoimmune-prone mice develop more severe disease and TLR7-deficient autoimmune-prone mice develop less severe disease. Previous studies in the lab were limited to using primary B cells from an autoreactive IgG2a-specific BCR transgenic line (AM14) together with monoclonal IgG2a autoantibody-autoantigen complexes to dissect the TLR7/9 dichotomy. We have developed bifunctional dual variable domain autoantibodies (autoDVDs) to analyze the differences between BCR-TLR9 versus BCR-TLR7 signaling in polyclonal (non-transgenic) mouse and human B cell populations. The autoDVDs consist of conventional heavy and light chains fused in tandem by a short linker, and then connected to either murine or human C1 constant region domains. These autoDVDs provide a covalent bridge between an anti-BCR and either a DNA-reactive or RNA-reactive antibody. Initial results suggest that the DNA DVDs are functionally similar to natural DNA immune complexes on non-transgenic B cells from different murine strains. The autoDVDs provide us an important tool to target autoantigens to human BCR and also provide a high-throughput screen for identifying TLR-targeted therapies.
Antigen specific lymphocyte transformation, delayed hypersensitivity and protective immunity. I. Kinetics of the response.

Abstract The association between protective immunity, delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) and in vitro antigen specific lymphocyte transformation (ASLT) has been studied during the course of BCG infection in mice. The peak ASLT response was obtained 2 weeks after a subcutaneous footpad infection using lymph node cells draining the immunization site. This response decreased to a low but statistically significant level by week 4 and persisted indefinitely thereafter. A similar course of events was observed in splenic cell cultures, but the size of the response was smaller. The reactive cells were shown to be T-lymphocytes. The ability to express DTH to tuberculin purified protein derivative coincided with the emergence of cells capable of responding in ASLT assays. In contrast, there was a poor association between ASLT and protective immunity: lymphocytes from lymph nodes that did not drain the immunization site conferred substantial protective immunity but nonetheless failed to respond significantly in ASLT assays. The latter failure could not be attributed to insufficiency of sensitized lymphocytes and was independent of the antigen concentration and the culture incubation time. It was concluded that the ASLT reactive cells were either immunoblasts or recent progeny of these cells.
Large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognition using HMM

SPHINX, the first large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous-speech recognizer is described. SPHINX is a hidden-Markov-model (HMM)-based recognizer using multiple codebooks of various LPC-derived features. Two types of HMMs are used in SPHINX: context-independent phone models and function-word-dependent phone models. On a 997-word task using a bigram grammar, SPHINX achieved a word accuracy of 93%. This demonstrates the feasibility of speaker-independent continuous-speech recognition, and the appropriateness of hidden Markov models for such a task. >
Importance of Early Assessment of Bioactivation in Drug Discovery

Publisher Summary Reactive metabolites have received considerable attention in drug discovery and development, and in vitro assays have been established to monitor the formation of reactive metabolites. Although each of these assays has relevance, none of the available assays provides an unambiguous link to a direct in vivo toxicological observation. A relatively simple screen to assess reactive metabolite formation is covalent binding to macromolecules using radiolabeled compounds. Alternatively, reactive, electrophilic metabolites can be trapped by the addition of exogenous nucleophiles, such as glutathione and cysteine, and the stable conjugates can be characterized by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and/or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Advantages of the latter methodology are that no radiolabeled material is required and it is amenable to higher throughput screening. In addition, the elucidation of structure of these conjugates can provide indirect information about the structure of the electrophilic species, thereby providing insights into the bioactivation mechanism and hence a rationale on which to base subsequent chemical intervention strategies. The bioactivation of compounds by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is often accompanied by mechanism-based inactivation of these enzymes. The mechanism is distinct from that of competitive drug–drug interactions in that it results in prolonged reduction of the metabolic capacity. A context is provided to the general phenomenon of bioactivation and how to position its relevance in drug discovery and development.
Entangled decision forests and their application for semantic segmentation of CT images

This work addresses the challenging problem of simultaneously segmenting multiple anatomical structures in highly varied CT scans. We propose the entangled decision forest (EDF) as a new discriminative classifier which augments the state of the art decision forest, resulting in higher prediction accuracy and shortened decision time. Our main contribution is two-fold. First, we propose entangling the binary tests applied at each tree node in the forest, such that the test result can depend on the result of tests applied earlier in the same tree and at image points offset from the voxel to be classified. This is demonstrated to improve accuracy and capture long-range semantic context. Second, during training, we propose injecting randomness in a guided way, in which node feature types and parameters are randomly drawn from a learned (non-uniform) distribution. This further improves classification accuracy. We assess our probabilistic anatomy segmentation technique using a labeled database of CT image volumes of 250 different patients from various scan protocols and scanner vendors. In each volume, 12 anatomical structures have been manually segmented. The database comprises highly varied body shapes and sizes, a wide array of pathologies, scan resolutions, and diverse contrast agents. Quantitative comparisons with state of the art algorithms demonstrate both superior test accuracy and computational efficiency.
Cost/Benefit Tradeoffs Relating To Reductions In Postretirement Health Care Benefits In The SFAS 106 Environment

We investigate what factors help explain postretirement health care benefit (PRB) reductions around the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard 106 (SFAS 106). We find that firms with more motivation to make benefit cuts because of larger PRB-related obligations were more likely to decrease benefits. Our primary contribution comes from examining the cost/benefit tradeoffs of making these reductions. For example, we find a trade-off between reductions in PRB and increases in pension obligations, consistent with firms offering higher alternative forms of compensation to make up for the loss in PRB. In addition, firms with greater unionization among employees are somewhat less likely to reduce benefits. Finally, we document that firms involved in more extensive efforts to reduce capacity and cut costs through firm restructurings are more likely to reduce benefits.
Rethinking Rural: Global Community and Economic Development in the Small Town West by Don E. Albrecht

Book Review of Rethinking Rural: Global Community and Economic Development in the Small Town West
Estimating Econometric Models With Fixed Effects

The application of nonlinear fixed effects models in econometrics has often been avoided for two reasons, one methodological, one practical. The methodological question centers on a incidental parametres problem that raises questions about the statistical properties of the estimator. The practical one relates to the difficulty of estimating nonlinear models with possibly thousands of coefficients. This note will demonstrate that the second is in fact, a nonissue, and that in a very large number models of interest to practioners, estimation of the fixed effects model is quite feasible even in panels with huge numbers of groups.
Tratamiento adjunto con oxigenación hiperbárica en mucormicosis. Presentación de cinco casos tratados en la misma Institución y revisión de la literatura

Itroduccion. La mucormicosis es una infeccion micotica invasiva que se presenta principalmente en pacientes diabeticos descompensados, pacientes con afeccion del sistema inmune, e incluso en individuos previamente sanos. A pesar de los avances en medicamentos y tecnicas quirurgicas la morbimortalidad es todavia muy elevada. La terapia adjunta con oxigeno hiperbarico (OHB) ha sido sugerida con base en fundamentos fisiopatologicos y algunos reportes clinicos favorables. Material y metodos. Revision de expedientes de pacientes referidos al Servicio de OHB con diagnostico de infecciones micoticas invasivas. Busqueda electronica en Medline de literatura pertinente. Resultados. Cinco pacientes con diagnostico clinico e histopatologico de mucormicosis con expediente completo fueron referidos a OHB para terapia adjunta. Cuatro presentaron afeccion craneofacial y uno afeccion de la extremidad superior izquierda. La enfermedad predisponente fue leucemia (n = 3), sarcoidosis y diabetes mellitus (n = 1) y trauma (n = 1). Todos fueron manejados con anfotericina B, debridacion quirurgica y OHB. La sobrevida fue 60% (3/5) tres meses despues del diagnostico. La literatura al respecto es escasa, pero favorece al OHB. Conclusion. Con base en la fisiopatologia de la mucormicosis la terapia adjunta con OHB parece logica. No obstante, la informacion clinica es todavia muy limitada para recomendar OHB rutinariamente en estos pacientes. Estudios prospectivos, aleatorios, controlados ayudaran a definir el papel del OHB en el manejo de esta devastadora infeccion.
Why Social Networks Matter: A Structural Approach to the Study of Relational Aggression in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Prior studies have addressed the influence of individual-level demographic variables on relational aggression among children and adolescents, resulting in little information about effective points of intervention. This paper argues that the inherently social nature of relational aggression warrants an examination of the effects of peer social network features on these behaviors. Specifically, the paper reframes the literature linking two individual-level variables (sex and age) to relational aggression from a contextual perspective that considers peer social networks. Moreover, the paper offers implications regarding how these reframed findings can be applied to the development of effective prevention and intervention programs and future research efforts.
Origin of Stone and Iron Meteorites

THE question arises whether meteorites in general have had a common origin, and in particular whether the stone meteorites have had an origin different from that of the iron meteorites. One line of experimentation bearing on this problem is the determination of cosmic-ray exposure ages of meteorites. If the total content of a stable cosmogenic nuclide is measured, and if its rate of production can be determined, then the length of exposure to the radiation is known.
The relative attractiveness of distractors and targets affects the coming and going of item-specific control: Evidence from flanker tasks

The item-specific proportion congruence (ISPC) effect refers to the attenuation of interference for mostly incongruent relative to mostly congruent items. In the present study, qualitatively different ISPC effects were observed in letter- and arrow-based flanker tasks despite their common use of the original two-item set design. Consistent with the predictions of the dual item-specific mechanisms account, contingency-driven ISPC effects were observed when stimuli were used that attracted attention to the irrelevant dimension (Experiments 1, 3, and 6), whereas control-driven ISPC effects were observed when attention was attracted to the relevant dimension (Experiments 2, 4, and 5). The evidence for control-driven ISPC effects in the two-item set design (1) challenges the contingency account, which claims that ISPC effects are solely contingency-driven, and (2) supports an expanded definition of cognitive control that includes fast and flexible adjustments that minimize attention to distractors upon encountering stimuli that have previously been associated with a history of conflict.
Hyperpigmentation and hypotension.

A 65-year-old man presents after 2 months of weakness, dizziness, and blurred vision. What test should be ordered?
Enhancement of sensitivity in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography through optimization of injection and detection techniques

The reproducibility of peak areas as a function of the technique used for sample injection was investigated in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). An injection technique has been developed to increase the volume of sample introduced into the capillary column. Using a modified time-split injection technique, long injection duration times were successfully applied to achieve lower detection limits. Analytes were effectively focused at the head of the analytical column using a unique pressure trap program. Because this on-column focusing was performed only by pressure and temperature programming, no instrumental modifications were necessary. Up to 1.0 μL of sample solution was injected onto 50 μm i.d. columns using this technique, with no observable peak splitting. Dual detection using ultraviolet (UV) absorption and flame ionization detection (FID) was performed in series, thereby avoiding the necessity of splitting the column effluent. For the compounds investigated (five nitroaromatics and one phthalate ester), the absolute sensitivity of the UV detector was significantly greater than that of the FID.
Eruptive seborrheic keratoses associated with adalimumab use.

Background: Seborrheic keratoses are common, benign cutaneous growths, however in rare situations they can acutely erupt in large numbers. Eruptive seborrheic keratoses can be associated with internal malignancy (sign of Leser-Trelat), but may also appear in conjunction with inflammatory dermatoses and adverse drug reactions. Main observation: A 71-year-old Caucasian man presented with acute onset of a pruritic, burning papular erythematous rash on his chest, upper extremities and lower extremities after a routine adalimumab injection for rheumatoid arthritis. Two skin biopsies obtained showed findings diagnostic of seborrheic keratoses. Spontaneous resolution of the diffuse eruptive seborrheic keratoses was achieved within 3 months of discontinuing adalimumab therapy. Conclusions: We believe the development of eruptive seborrheic keratoses due to adalimumab therapy is rare, and because our patient responded promptly to discontinuation of the drug we suggest this should be the preferred course of action in future cases. ( J Dermatol Case Rep . 2013; 7(2): 60-63)
A class of motions of homogeneous proto-elastic bodies

Abstract Proto-elastic bodies are a class of bodies in which there is nonlocal interaction. We show that in homogeneous deformations there is no way of deciding whether a given homogeneous body is elastic or proto-elastic.