cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Portable Imaging Flow-Cytometer Using Deep Learning-Based Holographic Image Reconstruction

We demonstrate deep learning assisted holographic imaging of waterborne microorganisms in color using a field-portable flow-cytometer capable of high-throughput screening of flowing water samples and report its capabilities using ocean samples containing plankton. © 2019 The Author(s)
TOWARDS REASONABLE PATIENT CARE UNDER UNCERTAINTY

This keynote address provides a foundation that incorporates decision‐theory methods for integrating uncertainty into the decision‐making process for patient care in the health care system. The article provides linkages between the medical economics literature, health care analysis, and quantitative methods to help improve the outcomes for patients in the health care system. (JEL I18, I14, I10)
Network Origins of the Global Economy: East vs. West in a Complex Systems Perspective

The upheavals of recent decades show us that traditional models of understanding processes of social and economic change are failing to capture real-world risk and volatility. This has resulted in flawed policy that seeks to capture change in terms of the rise or decline of regimes or regions. In order to comprehend current events, understand future risks and decide how to prepare for them, we need to consider economies and social orders as open, complex networks. This highly original work uses the tools of network analysis to understand great transitions in history, particularly those concerning economic development and globalisation. Hilton L. Root shifts attention away from particular agents – whether individuals, groups, nations or policy interventions – and toward their dynamic interactions. Applying insights from complexity science to often overlooked variables across European and Chinese history, he explores the implications of China's unique trajectory and ascendency, as a competitor and counterexample to the West.
Descriptive analysis of prostatitis in the emergency department.

Abstract Introduction Prostatitis is one of the most common urologic diseases in ambulatory patients. However, prostatitis data are limited from the emergency department (ED) setting. Methods A data set was examined of patients age 18 years or older who received urinalysis and urine culture or were tested for gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomonas in the ED from a health care system in northeast Ohio. Results Of 19,308 ED encounters of male patients, 77 encounters (0.4%) involved the diagnosis of prostatitis. Men with prostatitis were younger (52.4 vs 66.3 years), were less likely to be hospitalized (27.3% vs 43.1%), had shorter clinical encounters (1336.5 vs 3019.3 min), and were less likely to arrive by emergency medical services or police (6.5% vs 45.5%) than men diagnosed with urinary tract infection (UTI) without prostatitis (n = 2527) (P ≤ .007 for all). Of the men with urinalysis, those with prostatitis had less bacteria (0.9+ vs 1.8+), blood (0.9+ vs 1.5+), glucose (4.0% vs 13.0%), leukocyte esterase (0.9+ vs 2.3+), nitrite positive (8.0% vs 21.4%), protein (0.5+ vs 1.2+), squamous epithelial cells (0.6 vs 1.7 per high-power field [HPF]), red blood cells (18.3/HPF vs 29.5/HPF), and white blood cells (31.6/HPF vs 57.6/HPF) than men diagnosed with UTI and no prostatitis (P ≤ .005 for all). Escherichia coli was the most common bacterium growing in the urine (58.8%; n = 10) and the blood (100.0%; n = 2) of men with prostatitis; however 73.0% (n = 17) of urine cultures and 90.9% (n = 22) of blood cultures had no bacterial growth. Of 77 patient encounters with prostatitis, 16 (20.8%) underwent testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis and 3 (3.9%) for Trichomonas vaginalis. Of those tested, only 1 person was infected, with C trachomatis. Conclusion Prostatitis was uncommonly diagnosed in men undergoing urinalysis and urine culture or testing for sexually transmitted infections in the ED.
Low Levels of Inflammation and Congestion at the First Outpatient Visit after LVAD Implant Predict Lower Risk for Readmission and More Days-Alive-out-of-Hospital

Purpose Inflammation and congestion persist after LVAD and may contribute to clinical outcomes. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) are established biomarkers of inflammation and congestion. We studied the association of these biomarkers measured at the first outpt visit after LVAD implant with: i) risk of readmission, and ii) days-alive-out-of-hospital (DAOH). Methods Serum CRP and proBNP were measured in LVAD pts implanted between 9/2014 and 11/2018. Readmissions and DAOH (based on % of total days) between first outpt visit and up to 2-year follow up were analyzed. CRP and proBNP values were categorized as ≥ vs Results 217 LVAD pts (99 HMII, 102 HM3, 16 others) were studied. 378 readmissions occurred in 155 pts. Median time to first readmission was 110 [29-233] d. Median DAOH% was 98.2% [94-100]. Median CRP and proBNP were 19.4 [8.9-43.6] mg/L and 1271 [456-3050] pg/mL. At 2-year follow up, freedom from readmission was higher in Conclusion Low levels of CRP and proBNP at the first outpt visit identify a low-risk subset of LVAD pts with lower probability of readmission and higher DAOH%. Based on these findings, studies investigating interventions to reduce inflammation and congestion are needed to evaluate their impact on readmissions and quality of life.
DM-COM: Combining Device-to-Device and MU-MIMO Communications for Cellular Networks

In cellular networks, multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) is a key technology and has already been deployed in many real systems. Recently, device-to-device (D2D) communication has emerged as another promising technology as it offers several advantages, such as traffic offloading, low-latency transmissions, and enhanced spectral efficiency. Although there are many results of these two technologies, most of them are limited to their respective domains and there is a lack of practical design to combine both technologies for cellular networks. In this article, we present DM-COM, a practical scheme for enabling the coexistence of D2D and MU-MIMO subsystems in cellular networks. The enabler of DM-COM is a new approach for managing the mutual interference between the two subsystems, which does not require channel state information and is, therefore, amenable to practical implementation. We have built a prototype of DM-COM on a wireless testbed and evaluated its performance in a real-world wireless environment. Our experimental results show that, using DM-COM in a small cellular network, D2D users achieve 1.9 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency, while MU-MIMO users have less than 8% throughput degradation compared to the case without D2D users.
A comparison study of TIM degradation of phase change material and thermal grease

All electronic packages will induce excess heat during usage and heat dissipation methods were developed to remove spare heat from the die in order to improve reliability. Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are one of the key solutions to decrease the thermal resistance between the power device and heat sink. There are a wide variety of TIM material types in electronic packages. Thermal grease is a thermally conductive chemical with high thermal conductivity and commonly used for high-power packages. Phase change materials (PCMs) which are epoxy-based polymer with some thermally conductive fillers will soften with heat and change state from solid to semi-solid and semi-liquid. Compare to thermal grease, PCMs are easy to assemble and no need to dry-out and reduced the voids, pump-out, or delamination. In this study, PCMs and thermal grease during thermal cycling and power cycling were studied. For power cycling, heaters were built inside the die and corresponding thermal sensors were designed to spread all over the die to monitor the thermal resistance changes which reflect temperature changes through the cycling. Wind speed and loading pressure were set as working conditions. According to the resistance of each heater, adjust current to keep total power a constant. After cycling, TIM material behaviors were analyzed. The performance of PCMs and thermal grease under thermal cycling and power cycling and the effect of the degradation of these TIMs are studied and discussed. Based on experiment results, PCMs has better performance in thermal cycle test but thermal grease is more stable than PCMs in power cycle test.
Dealing with Complex Evidence of Domestic Violence: A Primer for the Civil Bench

New laws and policies aimed at protecting victims of domestic violence have been adopted across the country throughout the last twenty years. The legal approaches taken to protect battered women and control family violence have brought about significant changes in family law. New laws include statutes permitting civil protection or restraining orders, and laws requiring that domestic violence be considered in custody and visitation decisions. Both of these types of statutory reforms can provide protection to adult victims of domestic violence and their children. Evaluating a parent’s fitness by considering past acts of violence to other family members results in decisions that are more likely to protect children than decisions that discount or disregard spousal abuse. Civil protection orders can provide abused women and their children with a quick and easily accessible remedy that provides housing, financial relief, and an order of child custody. While there is some controversy about the effectiveness of such orders in cases involving severe violence, most advocates and scholars agree that these statutes contribute to improving the lives of women and children.The effectiveness of these new laws in reducing the incidence of domestic violence, however, has been limited for a number of reasons. One of the major barriers to using these laws is the difficulty litigants often encounter when trying to prove domestic violence. First, the alleged victim is often the only witness to the abuse. For a variety of reasons, victims are reluctant to testify against their abusers and pursue civil and criminal remedies. Even when they do testify, women who experience domestic violence sometimes exhibit characteristics that make them less believable. Despite changes in legal and popular conceptions of domestic violence, judges and juries fail to understand some of the effects of domestic violence and their impact on perceived credibility.
Sequential Data Clustering

An algorithm is presented for clustering sequential data in which each unit is a collection of vectors. An example of such a type of data is speaker data in a speaker clustering problem. The algorithm first constructs affinity matrices between each pair of units, using a modified version of the Point Distribution algorithm which is initially developed for mining patterns between vector and item data. The subsequent clustering procedure is based on fitting a Gaussian mixture model on multiple random projection matrices. The final class label of each unit is determined by voting from the results of the random projection matrices.
Oxygen Transfer Parameter Estimation

Estimating the oxygen transfer rate of an aeration system is one of the more important functions of a process design engineer. Underestimating the oxygen transfer rate of a proposed aeration system results in an overdesigned system which may be energy intensive and expensive to operate. Overestimating the oxygen tranfer rate results in inadequate oxygen transfer and reduced process efficiency. Two nonlinear programing techniques for analyzing nonsteady state aeration test data are presented. Either technique can be used to obtain indentical parameter estimates. Coding is also presented which enables either technique to be implemented using an advanced programmable calculator. Using the techniques presented, nonlinear parameter estimation for nonsteady state reaeration testing can be used in the field.
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) represents one of the most valued fruit crops in the United States. Despite its economic importance, the octoploid genome presents a formidable barrier to efficient study of genome structure and molecular mechanisms that underlie agriculturally-relevant traits. Many potentially fruitful research avenues, especially large-scale gene expression surveys and development of molecular genetic markers have been limited by a lack of sequence information in public databases. As a first step to remedy this discrepancy a cDNA library has been developed from salicylate-treated, whole-plant tissues and over 1800 expressed sequence tags (EST's) have been sequenced and analyzed. A putative unigene set of 1304 sequences – 133 contigs and 1171 singlets – has been developed, and the transcripts have been functionally annotated. Homology searches indicate that 89.5% of sequences share significant similarity to known/putative proteins or Rosaceae ESTs. The ESTs have been functionally characterized and genes relevant to specific physiological processes of economic importance have been identified. A set of tools useful for SSR development and mapping is presented. Sequences derived from this effort may be used to speed gene discovery efforts in Fragaria and the Rosaceae in general and also open avenues of comparative mapping. This report represents a first step in expanding molecular-genetic analyses in strawberry and demonstrates how computational tools can be used to optimally mine a large body of useful information from a relatively small data set.
Inflicted traumatic brain injury in infants and young children

This article will discuss the subject of inflicted or abusive head injury in infants and young children. Inflicted neurotrauma is a very common injury and a frequent problem in attempting to distinguish between inflicted and accidental injury. Inflicted head injury occurs usually in the home in the presence of the individual who has inflicted the injury outside the view of unbiased witnesses. Distinguishing between inflicted and accidental injury may be dependent upon the pathological findings and consideration of the circumstances surrounding the injury. The most common finding in an inflicted head injury is the presence of subdural hemorrhage. Subdural hemorrhage may occur in a variety of distributions and appearances. The natural history of subdural bleeding and the anatomy of the "subdural" will be considered. The anatomy of the dura and its attachment to the skull and to the arachnoid determines how subdural bleeding evolves into the cleaved dural border cell layer and as well as how bridging veins are torn and anatomically where bleeding will occur. Different biomechanical mechanisms result in different distributions of subdural blood and these differences will be discussed.
Learning from the Past to Understand the Origins of Acute and Chronic Pain

With the support of historical illustrations and case reviews, we have integrated key aspects of the basic science of pain transduction with clinical scenarios to better understand potential treatments of acute and chronic pain. We will also discuss the complex relationship between the simple detection of noxious stimuli and the more complex sensory perception we call ‘pain.’ Importantly, negative emotional experiences and cognitive distortions can have a profound impact on the perception of pain, often with exponential consequences.
Western michigan university libraries’ “electronic journal finder”

Abstract This article describes the development of the “Electronic Journal Finder,” a TDNet installation for the University Libraries of Western Michigan University. Topics covered include: rationale for subscription project timeline, content, product customization, set-up, maintenance issues, reporting functions, directing URL links, searching utility, level of acceptance, product functionality, and conclusions.
Lagoonal deposits in the Upper Cretaceous Rock Springs Formation (Mesaverde Group), southwest Wyoming

Abstract Most paleogeographic reconstructions of the Rock Springs Formation show shorelines having lobate to arcuate deltas. These shorelines are oriented NE-SW, with the sea to the southeast. Brackish-water bodies are usually shown in interdistributary areas or associated with abandoned delta lobes, and are open to the sea. In this study, a sedimentary sequence 30–50 m thick is interpreted as interdeltaic deposits. Brackish-water deposits within the sequence are interpreted as interdeltaic lagoons rather than interdistributary bays. Three facies associations (units) are recognized in nine measured sections of the study interval. Unit A consists of interbedded sandstone, mudrock and coal which occur in both fining- and coarsening-upward sequences less than 10 m thick. Fining-upward sequences decrease in thickness and frequency upwards in unit A and are interpreted as distributary channels. Coarsening-upward sequences associated with the channels are interpreted as crevasse splays that filled lakes or interdistributary bays. In the upper part of the unit where only minor channels are present, the coarsening-upward sequences are interpreted as bay deltas. Unit B consists of fossiliferous silty shale and bioturbated sandy siltstone. A low-diversity fauna of bivalves, gastropods, ostracods and foraminifers indicates that brackish-water conditions existed. Unit B intertongues with unit A to the northwest and with unit C to the southeast, and is interpreted as lagoonal deposits. Unit C consists of crossbedded and burrowed sandstone in beds 0.5–9 m thick. Sandstones are laterally continuous in the southeast but become tabular bodies enclosed within unit B to the northwest. Laterally continuous sandstones are interpreted as shoreface deposits on the basis of multidirectional crossbeds, marine trace fossils and continuity. Tabular sandstones are interpreted as flood-tidal deltas on the basis of NW-oriented crossbeds, pinchouts to the northwest and enclosure within unit B. Scoured surfaces and rip-up clasts within unit C indicate the presence of tidal channels or inlets. Interpreting unit B as an interdeltaic lagoon rather than an interdistributary bay is dependent on understanding its enclosing strata. The distributary channels of unit A supplied the majority of the sediment in the lower part of the sequence. However, after the lagoon formed, tidal channels and inlets of unit C supplied more sediment to the area than channels of unit A. The shift in sedimentation from a landward to a seaward source reflects the change from a delta plain to an interdeltaic lagoon following abandonment of distributary channels.
Neuroimaging Studies of Normal Brain Development and Their Relevance for Understanding Childhood Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Abstract Objective To review the maturational events that occur during prenatal and postnatal brain development and to present neuroimaging findings from studies of healthy individuals that identify the trajectories of normal brain development. Method Histological and postmortem findings of early brain development are presented, followed by a discussion of anatomical, diffusion tensor, proton spectroscopy, and functional imaging findings from studies of healthy individuals, with special emphasis on longitudinal data. Results Early brain development occurs through a sequence of major events, beginning with the formation of the neural tube and ending with myelination. Brain development at a macroscopic level typically proceeds first in sensorimotor areas, spreading subsequently and progressively into dorsal and parietal, superior temporal, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices throughout later childhood and adolescence. These patterns of anatomical development parallel increasing activity in frontal cortices that subserves the development of higher-order cognitive functions during late childhood and adolescence. Disturbances in these developmental patterns seem to be involved centrally in the pathogenesis of various childhood psychiatric disorders including childhood-onset schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, developmental dyslexia, Tourette's syndrome, and bipolar disorder. Conclusions Advances in imaging techniques have enhanced our understanding of normal developmental trajectories in the brain, which may improve insight into the abnormal patterns of development in various childhood psychiatric disorders.
The Dixiecrat Rebellion: Long‐Term Partisan Implications in the Deep South

This research is a “prequel” to an analysis performed in a 2002 publication involving the 1960 and 1964 presidential elections. The thesis of this research is that an undetected long-range secular realignment may have been at work in these five Southern states prior to the 1960s. Past research has been based almost exclusively on survey data. While survey data is invaluable, it is limited to the questions asked of respondents. Using countylevel data, this article analyzes presidential elections from 1948–1956 in Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. While this type of data has its limitations, it can give an indication of whether Republican voting was taking place in the Deep South before 1964. The findings of this research suggest that noticeable patterns of Republican voting in Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina were indeed present prior to the 1960s.
Coping and adaptation by children with mild physical differences

This comparative study of 60 parents' and teachers' views of how elementary school children cope with their own mild physical differences and with current psychosocial development and academic tasks in mainstream classrooms identified statistically significant differences in use of defensive-adaptive imagery and psychosocial functioning between children experiencing academic success and failure.
Long-term follow-up study of the Stretta procedure for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

The endoscopic delivery of temperature-controlled radiofrequency energy to the gastroesophageal junction (Stretta procedure) recently has been shown effective for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, its effectiveness has been assessed mainly over short periods (6–12 months). This study aimed to evaluate long-term results of the Stretta procedure. All patients undergoing the Stretta procedure since August 2000 were prospectively evaluated under an institutional review board–approved protocol. All patients with a follow-up period longer than 18 months were recruited for a 24-h pH study and mailed a follow-up survey, which included the following: Short Form 12 (SF-12) health status questionnaire, GERD-specific quality-of-life questionnaire (QOLRAD), and queries regarding long-term satisfaction and medication use. The Stretta procedure was performed on 82 patients, and 41 patients with a follow-up period longer than 18 months qualified for the study. Follow-up surveys were completed by 36 patients (88%) during a mean follow-up period of 27.1 ± 3.7 months. Of these 36 patients, 30 (83%) were highly satisfied with the procedure and would have it performed again. More than half of the Fifty Stretta patients (56%) had completely discontinued their use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and an additional 31% had reduced their dose significantly. The mean PPI equivalent doses were 37.8 ± 22.2 mg/day before the Stretta procedure and 11.6 ± 14.6 mg/day at 27-month follow-up assessment (p = 0.001). According to the patient outcomes for daily PPI use (yes/no), the patients were divided into two groups: responders (n = 20) and nonresponders (n = 16). The responder group scored higher in QOLRAD score (p = 0.0001), SF-12 physical score (p = 0.038), and SF-12 mental score (p = 0.003). In the 24-hour pH study, the responder group demonstrated a significant decrease in distal esophageal acid exposure time (6.4% ± 1.5% to 3.1% ± 1.4%; p = 0.0001). The Stretta procedure results in a statistical significant long-term decrease in GERD symptoms and PPI use. The treatment effect is durable beyond 2 years, and 56% of patients had discontinued their user of all antisecretory drugs.
Socialist States in the Capitalist World-Economy

Recent developments in the Marxist theory of the state and the emerging world-system perspective cast new light on the nature of the contemporary “socialist” states and their role in the larger capitalist world-economy. This essay reviews these theoretical developments, discusses the nature of socialism as a socioeconomic system, and suggests a reinterpretation of the history of the countries in which socialist movements have taken state power. I consider the socialist states to represent the intentional logic of socialism, much as labor unions and workers' parties do. But I argue that they have not been able to successfully create a fully institutionalized socialist socioeconomic system because the forces of the capitalist world-economy have shaped the socialist states so that they now play a functional role in the reproduction of capitalism. I discuss the implications of this development for the transition to socialism on a world scale.
Physical Capital, Human Capital and the Distribution of Earnings

The relationship between physical capital, human capital and the distribution of earnings is examined empirically using cross-sectional microdata within SMSAs. Comparative advantage in workers and a scale-of-resources effect among firms is predicted to lead to a relationship between capital and earnings. The level of earnings is found to be positively related to capital intensity and negatively related to capital dispersion. Earnings inequality appears to be greater the larger the dispersion in capital. The results support the view that industry structure and the distribution of physical capital have direct effects on the structure and distribution of earnings, after controlling for differences in human capital.
Protection of neuro‐2a cells against calcium ionophore cytotoxicity by gangliosides

Gangliosides are known to assert both neuritogenic and neuroprotective effects when applied to a variety of neuroblastoma and primary neuronal cultures. We have developed a model employing Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells with Ca2+ ionophore A23187 as neurotoxic agent causing neurite retraction and eventual cell death. Gangliosides attenuated the toxicity of this substance, increasing both cell survival and neurite stability. In one series of experiments, cells were exposed to A23187 for 24 hr and then incubated in fresh medium (washout) for 18 hr; gangliosides were present at varying times. The paradigm in which cells were only preincubated (2 hr) with ganglioside provided no benefit, nor did incubation of the cells in both ionophore and ganglioside during the 24-hr exposure period. Significant protection was achieved by exposing the cells to ganglioside after washout of A23187, or continuously throughout the whole period. Bovine brain ganglioside mixture and the four major components (GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b) applied individually were all effective. By contrast, GM3 and GM1-alcohol, a neutral derivative of GM1, provided little or no protection. Dichlorobenzamil, an inhibitor of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger, tended to block the neurite stabilizing effect of gangliosides, suggesting that the mechanism might involve potentiation of this antiporter.
Optimization in a distributed processing environment using genetic algorithms with multivariate crossover

We set out to demonstrate the effectiveness of distributed genetic algorithms using multivariate crossover in optimizing a function of a sizable number of independent variables. Our results show that this algorithm has unique potential in optimizing such functions. The multivariate crossover meta-strategy, however, did not result in a singularly better performance of the algorithm than did simpler crossover strategies.
Root and stem partitioning of Pinus taeda

We measured root and stem mass at three sites (Piedmont (P), Coastal Plain (C), and Sandhills (S)) in the southeastern United States. Stand density, soil texture and drainage, genetic makeup and environmental conditions varied with site while differences in tree size at each site were induced with fertilizer additions. Across sites, root mass was about one half of stem mass when estimated on a per hectare basis. Stem mass per hectare explained 91% of the variation in root mass per hectare, while mean tree diameter at breast height (D), site, and site by measurement year were significant variables explaining an additional 6% of the variation in root mass per hectare. At the S site, the root:stem ratio decreased from 0.7 to 0.5 when mean tree D increased from 10 to 22 cm. At the P and C sites, where mean root:stem ratios were 0.40 and 0.47, respectively, no significant slope in the root:stem to mean tree D relationship was found over a more narrow range in mean tree D (12–15 and 12–18 cm, respectively). Roots were observed in the deepest layers measured (190, 190, and 290 cm for the P, C, and S sites, respectively); however, the asymptotically decreasing root mass per layer indicated the bulk of roots were measured. Root growth relative to stem growth would need to change with increased mean tree D to explain the results observed here. While these changes in growth rate among plant components may differ across sites, stem mass alone does a good job of estimating root mass across sites.
The Northridge earthquake conversations: The floor structure and the ‘loop’ sequence in Japanese conversation☆

Abstract The ‘loop’ sequence refers to successive exchanges of backchannel signals, and may be understood as a locally managed turn-taking pattern. If we consider conversation as a meaningful communication process, however, this is not a completely satisfactory analysis. In order to understand the function of the loop sequence, the present paper examines the phenomenon in a unit of conversation identified as ‘unit-floor’, and shows that the loop sequence is a pattern which provides participants with an opportunity to negotiate the next floor holder, who will subsequently control and develop the floor. A loop sequence appears when the current floor holder suggests a transfer of floor, or when the current floor supporter returns a floor which has been transferred to him inadvertently, or when participants jointly produce utterances in a rapid succession (open floor). The current study further shows that the loop sequence is a behavioral manifestation and a contextualization cue of ‘mutual dependency’, and it is part of the ‘conceptual floor’ that participants invoke when entering into and sustaining a conversation. The data analyzed for the purpose of this study are four dyads, each approximately 20 minutes long, in which participants recount their experiences of an earthquake. The Japanese data is compared with comparable Thai and American English data in order to explain the cultural significance of the loop sequence.
HUSSERL AND DESCARTES ON THE FOUNDATIONS OF PHILOSOPHY

L'A. montre que le gout de Husserl pour le titre de "neocartesien" depend de son adoption du rationalisme cartesien comme but de la philosophie. Il etudie la critique de Husserl selon laquelle Descartes aurait manque le sujet transcendantal, et considere l'epoche comme une radicalisation du doute methodique. La comparaison des deux systemes montre que les divergences sur le cogito des differences sur la place a accorder a la metaphysique et a l'epistemologie.
Weir Mitchell's observations on sensory localization and their influence on Jacksonian neurology.

Background: John Hughlings Jackson (1835–1911) in London was critical in advancing the concept of cerebral localization. Hughlings Jackson, however, did not work in a vacuum. Silas Weir Mitchell (1829–1914), in Philadelphia, published several clinical observations related to localization. Objective: To examine Weir Mitchell9s clinical observations on sensory localization, to determine whether they influenced Jacksonian neurology, and to elucidate the private relationship between the two men. Methods: The authors reviewed published (fictional and scientific writings of Weir Mitchell and scientific writings of Hughlings Jackson) and archival sources (Weir Mitchell9s unpublished autobiography and Hughlings Jackson9s unpublished correspondence with Weir Mitchell). Results: In the 1860s, Weir Mitchell, through his work on phantom limb syndrome and other nerve injuries, made oblique references to the central representation of body parts, specifically with regard to sensation. Hughlings Jackson had an interest in somatotopic representation in the nervous system and repeatedly cited Weir Mitchell9s work in support of his ideas. The two shared several patients, met at least once in London, and carried on a friendly correspondence. Conclusions: Weir Mitchell9s observations on sensory localization were well known to Hughlings Jackson, who cited them in seminal articles on cortical localization. Their correspondence provides an example of trans-Atlantic scientific and clinical communication at the time that neurology emerged as a distinct clinical discipline.
Amino Acid Residues That Confer High Selectivity of the α6 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit to α-Conotoxin MII[S4A,E11A,L15A]

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing α3 and β2 subunits are found in autonomic ganglia and mediate ganglionic transmission. The closely related α6 nAChR subtype is found in the central nervous system where changes in its level of expression are observed in Parkinson's disease. To obtain a ligand that discriminates between these two receptors, we designed and synthesized a novel analog ofα-conotoxin MII, MII[S4A,E11A,L15A], and tested it on nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The peptide blocked chimeric α6/α3β2β3 nAChRs with an IC50 of 1.2 nm; in contrast, its IC50 on the closely related α3β2 as well as non-α6 nAChRs was three orders of magnitude higher. We identified the residues in the receptors that are responsible for their differential sensitivity to the peptide. We constructed chimeras with increasingly longer fragments of the N-terminal ligand binding domain of the α3 subunit inserted into the homologous positions of the α6 subunit, and these were used to determine that the region downstream of the first 140 amino acids was involved. Further mutagenesis of this region revealed that the α6 subunit residues Glu-152, Asp-184, and Thr-195 were critical, and replacement of these three residues with their homologs from the α3 subunit increased the IC50 of the peptide by >1000-fold. Conversely, when these key residues inα3 were replaced with those fromα6, the IC50 decreased by almost 150-fold. Similar effects were seen with other α6-selective conotoxins, suggesting the general importance of theseα6 residues in conferring selective binding.
Temperature-assisted pressure inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in turkey breast meat.

Abstract Ready-to-eat turkey breast meat samples were surface-inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes cultures to a final concentration of approximately 10 7 CFU/g. The inoculated meat samples were vacuum-packaged and pressure treated at 300 MPa for 2 min, 400 MPa for 1 min, and 500 MPa for 1 min at initial sample temperatures of 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 55 °C. L. monocytogenes was most resistant to pressure at temperatures between 10 and 30 °C. As temperature decreased below 10 °C or increased over 30 °C, its pressure sensitivity increased. This enhanced inactivation effect was more pronounced when meat samples were treated at higher temperature than at lower temperature. For example, a 1-min treatment of 500 MPa at 40 °C reduced the counts by 3.8 log 10 , while at 1 and 20 °C the same treatment reduced counts by 1.4 and 0.9 log 10 , respectively ( P L. monocytogenes were obtained at 300 MPa and 55 °C, 400 MPa and 50 °C, and 500 MPa and 40 °C. With increasing treatment time, the three survival curves showed a rapid initial drop in bacteria counts with a diminishing inactivation rate or tailing effect. The survival data were fitted with a linear and a nonlinear, Weibull, models. The Weibull model consistently produced better fit to the survival data than the linear model.
Suppression of ictal-like activity by kynurenic acid does not correlate with its efficacy as an NMDA receptor antagonist

The involvement of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors in ictal-like activity was investigated using hippocampal slices from immature rats. Bath application of kynurenic acid (KYN) suppressed penicillin-induced synchronized afterdischarges. An identical concentration of D(-)2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D(-)AP5) spared the afterdischarges. Intracellular recordings confirmed D(-)AP5 to be the more potent N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist. KYN's suppression of afterdischarges could not be clearly attributed to blockade of either kainate or quisqualate receptors. Thus, a novel kynurenate-preferring EAA receptor may play an important role in seizure generation in immature hippocampus.
Dansylation of bacteriorhodopsin near the retinal attachment site.

Abstract The purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium was reacted with 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-l-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl chloride) at pH 8.0. Chromophoric and functional properties of the product appear unaltered. Approximately 2 moles of dansyl group were incorporated per mole of bacteriorhodopsin, part bound to bacteriorhodopsin and part bound to lipids. Purification and fragmentation of the protein showed most of the dansyl modification in a fragment containing residues 33 to 56. Amino acid analysis indicates that the major dansylated site is lysine 40. We conclude that, contrary to published models, 1) bacteriorhodopsin folds in a way that exposes lysine 40 at the membrane surface, and 2) this side chain is not involved in the proton pump mechanism.
Expression of CD44 variant transcripts in dog lymphatic tissue

The gene of the CD44 cell surface glycoprotein consists of 20 exons. Ten exons known as variant exons are inserted by alternative RNA splicing between exon 5 and 16, thus generating diversity in the extracellular portion of the protein. We have cloned the dog cDNA homologue of the human variant exon region of CD44 and characterized its transcript expression in normal lymphatic tissues. Using PCR with primers complementary to regions contiguous to the insertion point and a variant exon, all ten variant exons of dog CD44 were detected in a high number of different isoforms. Transcripts containing the ten variable exons directly spliced to both sides of the insertion point were detected. We found an extensive usage of all variant exons from v1 to v10 in a high number of different combinations, some presenting a tissue-specific expression pattern. A similar complex profile of transcript expression was found in peripheral blood lymphocytes from rat and human.
REVISITING THE AGENT OF SOCIAL CONTROL ROLE: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT

The agent of social control role and its responsibilities and goals provide an important function in social work practice. Workers in varied positions often combine this role with others that define the profession. Yet in the not too distant past, a debate arose as to whether this role, focusing on promoting and protecting the general welfare of society, could be congruent with also fostering the improved functioning and self‐determination of individual clients. Periodically, this topic emerges to challenge the appropriateness of these dual activities in satisfactorily and equitably serving both constituents. Within the field of substance abuse, court‐mandated referrals have established a need for practitioners to perform social control tasks to monitor and report clients' compliance with and progress in treatment. This has created a conflict for many who consider their practice to be client‐centered. This article will explore the dilemmas experienced in attempting to simultaneously carry out both roles a...
Perfusion Measurements Using a Non-Invasive Thermal Probe in a Phantom Test Stand

Blood perfusion represents the local, multi-directional blood flow through capillaries and intracellular spaces of living tissue. Blood perfusion is crucial in the assessment of many physiological phemonena, such as skin grafts, burn injuries, and head traumas. Current methodologies are often invasive or highly sensitive to environmental factors [1]. Previous studies have focused on the development of a noninvasive measurement system to accurately measure blood perfusion. The objective of this study is to validate the system performance via experiments using a phantom test stand. Several previous studies hae been conducted on canines; these tests demonstrated that changes and trends in perfusion can be detected using this system [2,3]. The use of a phantom test stand was motivated by the large range of blood perfusion values reported for human tissue (i.e., 0.002–3 mL/mL/s. [4]) This large perfusion range is thought to be due to several factors: measurement device sensitivity, envoronmental factors, and state, type, and location of the tissue of interest. An agar solution phantom test stand was developed to eliminate physiolocigial factors in evaluating the thermal probe’s function and veriability [4]. The overall blood perfusion measurement system consists of a probe with a heat flux sensor and air housing (see Fig. 1), a bioheat transfer model of the probe and tissue, and a parameter estimation program as described below and in [2].Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A core origin for group IVA iron meteorites: a reply to Moren and Goldstein

Because uncertainties in experimental data are large, one has considerable latitude in choosing the input parameters needed to calculate iron meteorite cooling rates. The best way to test input parameters is by examining their ability to yield the observed properties of the meteorites. Our phase diagram yields fits to kamacite profiles that are superior to those based on the Moren-Goldstein phase diagram. Our method of allowing for the effect of P on the Ni diffusion coefficient takes into account the enhancement in this effect with decreasing temperature; Moren and Goldstein use a relationship derived for a temperature of 1100 C, well outside the 700-350 C range where kamacite growth occurs. Use of our input parameters yields cooling rates in IVA irons that are independent of composition, consistent with a core origin. Since the fractionation of siderophiles in group IVA also indicates a core origin, we conclude that this is the correct model for this group.
On Right Caputo Fractional Ostrowski Inequalities Involving Three Functions

We establish Ostrowski inequalities involving three functions in right Caputo fractional derivative in spaces.
Try It or Trial It Introduction

“Try it or Trial it” is an apt title for a session at this 25th Princeton Stroke Conference because of the pivotal concepts this think tank has initiated in basic and clinical research designed to prevent, treat and rehabilitate stroke victims. Having attended these conferences intermittently since 1961, I suspect I am now the senior attendee. You may not be aware that Irving S. Wright, who founded this conference, was a cardiologist who introduced heparin to the United States from Sweden by studying its safety and efficacy in one of the first randomized trials for patients experiencing myocardial infarction to prevent venous thromboembolism and extension of acute myocardial infarction. In the same context it was he, along with Mrs Mary Lasker, who developed the concept for Princeton Conferences and for a change in national policy regarding research in heart disease and stroke. As Mrs Lasker recalled to me, one of her friends had recently experienced a stroke and she was told there was no treatment other than bed rest. Together they decided to change this sorry state of affairs: Mrs Lasker supplied funds and Dr Wright the impetus for inviting colleagues from many disciplines to …
R U There? How to Reach a Virtual Audience Through Affordable Marketing Strategies

Virtual reference is a vital service component of many libraries. Whether serving college students or the general public, a real-time reference service demands highly trained staff and quality resources. What can administrators do to make sure their users make the most of this cutting-edge service? The University at Buffalo (UB) was one of the first universities to establish a virtual reference service. Known as Instant Librarian, the chat room thrives as a major public service without placing a drain on staff or budget. This article discusses the marketing strategies UB applies to chat reference, including advertising, use of icons, and user surveys for assessment.
The New Economy, Globalisation and the Impact on African Americans:

Cet article montre qu'aux Etats-Unis, les Blancs et les Noirs ne beneficient pas de maniere egale des gains economiques de la nouvelle economie, basee sur le developpement des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication. La flexibilite requise pour la nouvelle economie, de meme que les attaques repetees contre l'Etat-providence, ont vulnerabilise des categories de travailleurs, surtout Noirs, contraints d'accepter des conditions defavorables de travail dans le cadre du workfare. L'A. insiste egalement sur le poids economico-politique de l'industrie penitentiaire dans ce contexte economique a deux vitesses
Adenoid basal carcinoma of the vagina

Moore DH, Michael H, Furlin JJ, Von Stein A. Adenoid basal carcinoma of the vagina. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998; 8: 261–263. Adenoid basal carcinomas of the cervix, although rare, have been described. We report a rare case of adenoid basal carcinoma of the vagina. A 64-year-old patient with persistent ASCUS on cytologic screening was found to have a 2.5-cm lesion protruding from the right vaginal sidewall. LEEP excision was performed. A second 0.5-cm lesion distal to the primary tumor site was subsequently excised by LEEP. Both specimens were determined to be adenoid basal carcinomas of the vagina. The patient is presently without evidence for recurrent cancer 33 months after primary tumor resection. This case demonstrates pathologic and clinical similarities to adenoid basal carcinoma of the cervix. Adenoid basal carcinomas are less aggressive than adenocarcinomas or adenoid cystic carcinomas of the cervix and have been adequately treated with nonradical surgery such as conization, trachelectomy, or total abdominal hysterectomy. Our experience suggests that adenoid basal carcinoma of the vagina also may be treated with conservative surgical excision without need for radical vaginectomy or radiation therapy.
Pregnancy among HIV-infected refugees in Rhode Island.

Abstract In 1999, immigration laws lifted previous barriers, allowing more HIV-infected refugees entrance to the US. Many of these refugees are women of reproductive age. At our center in Providence, RI, a significant number of HIV-infected refugees have become pregnant since resettling in the US. We describe the pregnancies seen among these predominantly West African HIV-infected refugees. A retrospective chart review was conducted on all HIV-infected female refugees who established care from 2000–2006. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the population at this site. We found that between 2000 and 2006, 28 HIV-infected female refugees established care. Liberia was the country of origin of 79% (22) of the women. There were 20 pregnancies among 14 women between 2000–2006. The median time from resettlement in the US to first pregnancy was 16 (<1–69) months. The median age at time of first pregnancy was 29 years (19–39). At time of pregnancy, the median CD4 count was 506 cells/mL and the median plas...