cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Examination of Patterns in Girls' Weight Concerns and Body Dissatisfaction from Ages 5 to 9 Years

Objective To examine the development of girls' weight concerns and body dissatisfaction from ages 5 to 9 years and how change and continuity in these constructs from age 5 to 7 years is associated with girls' eating attitudes, dietary restraint, and dieting status at age 9. Methods Weight concerns, body dissatisfaction, and weight status were assessed for 182 girls when they were 5, 7, and 9 years old, and their eating attitudes, dietary restraint, and dieting status were assessed when they were 9. Results Girls tended to maintain their rank in weight concerns and body dissatisfaction across ages 5 to 9 years, and associations among girls' weight concerns, body dissatisfaction, and weight status increased with age. In addition, positive associations were found between changes in girls' weight concerns, body dissatisfaction, and weight status across ages 7 to 9. Finally, girls' who reported high weight concerns or high body dissatisfaction across ages 5 to 7 reported higher dietary restraint, more maladaptive eating attitudes, and a greater likelihood of dieting at age 9, independent of their weight status. Conclusion Girls' reported weight concerns and body dissatisfaction across middle childhood showed consistency over time, were systematically related to their weight status, and predicted their dietary restraint, eating attitudes, and the likelihood of dieting at age 9. These results reflect patterns identified among adolescent girls and women. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 320–332, 2003.
Is it Finally Time to Address Prevention and Wellness

So much of health care is focused on treating problems after they have presented. Clearly this is an important aspect of pharmacists' work. However, the United States lags behind many other countries in promoting health and wellness. In this column, we address technology-related health and wellness promotion opportunities.
Estimating and forecasting the precipitable water vapor from GOES satellite data at high altitude sites

In this work, we describe a method to estimate the precipitable water vapor (PWV) from Geostationary Observational Environmental Satellite (GOES) data at high altitude sites. The method was applied at Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) and Cerro Toco sites, located above 5000 m altitude in the Chajnantor plateau, in the north of Chile. It was validated using GOES-12 satellite data over the range 0–1.2 mm since submillimeter/millimeter astronomical observations are only useful within this PWV range. The PWV estimated from GOES and the Final Analyses (FNL) at APEX for 2007 and 2009 show root mean square error values of 0.23 mm and 0.36 mm over the ranges 0–0.4 mm and 0.4–1.2 mm, respectively. However, absolute relative errors of 51% and 33% were shown over these PWV ranges, respectively. We recommend using high-resolution thermodynamic profiles from the Global Forecast System (GFS) model to estimate the PWV from GOES data since they are available every three hours and at an earlier time than the FNL data. The estimated PWV from GOES/GFS agrees better with the observed PWV at both sites during night time. The largest errors are shown during daytime. Short-term PWV forecasts were implemented at both sites, applying a simple persistence method to the PWV estimated from GOES/GFS. The 12 h and 24 h PWV forecasts evaluated from August to October 2009 indicates that 25% of them show a very good agreement with observations whereas 50% of them show reasonably good agreement with observations. Transmission uncertainties calculated for PWV estimations and forecasts over the studied sites are larger over the range 0–0.4 mm than over the range 0.4–1.2 mm. Thus, the method can be used over the latter interval with more confidence.
The Sausage Machine: A New Two-Stage Parsing Model.

Abstract It is proposed that the human sentence parsing device assigns phrase structure to word strings in two steps. The first stage parser assigns lexical and phrasal nodes to substrings of roughly six words. The second stage parser then adds higher nodes to link these phrasal packages together into a complete phrase marker. This model of the parser is compared with ATN models, and with the two-stage models of Kimball (1973) and Fodor, Bever and Garrett (1974). Our assumption that the units which are shunted from the first stage to the second stage are defined by their length, rather than by their syntactic type, explains the effects of constituent length on perceptual complexity in center embedded sentences and in sentences of the kind that fall under Kimball's principle of Right Association. The particular division of labor between the two parsing units allows us to explain, without appeal to any ad hoc parsing strategies, why the parser makes certain ‘shortsighted’ errors even though, in general, it is able to make intelligent use of all the information that is available to it.
Renal glutathione and mercury uptake by kidney.

Abstract The kidney is well documented as the target organ for mercuric ion. Mechanisms by which this ion accumulates in renal tissue, however, are less well understood. Sulfhydryl groups in renal tissue might well bind this metal and serve as a sink for its accumulation. Various studies have indicated that both methyl mercury as well as mercuric ion are accumulated less by renal tissue after depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups. A similar reduction in hepatic accumulation of mercuric ion or methyl mercury does not occur after nonprotein sulfhydryl depletion. This observation may relate to the higher tissue content of nonprotein sulfhydryls in liver than kidney or to a fundamentally different mechanism of metal uptake. Mercuric ion accumulation by renal tissue also can be reduced by ureteral occlusion, a reduction that is less than that for inulin in comparable experiments. These data are complex and do not clearly establish a role for filtration in the delivery of mercury to the kidney. Inhibition of the renal enzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) results in a marked increase in the excretion of both glutathione and mercury in the urine. Although there is a tendency for kidneys of the γ-GT-inhibited animals to contain less mercury than controls, the change in renal content was not significant. These observations suggest that γ-GT may have a role in the reabsorption of mercury from the tubular lumen. Interestingly, both mercuric chloride-induced mortality and effects on renal slice accumulation of organic ions were enhanced in the presence of nonprotein sulfhydryl depletion caused both by immediate depletion of the glutathione pool and by inhibition of its synthesis.
Periodic boundary value problems for second order impulsive differential systems

On etudie le probleme aux valeurs limites periodiques pour un systeme d'equations differentielles d'ordre 2 faiblement couplees avec impulsion
AFReP: application-guided function-level registerfile power-gating for embedded processors

With shrinking CMOS feature size, static power is growing significantly and power density has emerged as an increasing concern. At the same time, one trend of embedded processors is toward larger Register Files (RFs) which further increases static power dissipation and aggravating the issue. This paper introduces an Application-guided Function-level Register file Power-gating (AFReP) that reduces static power of RFs in embedded processors. Our AFReP approach is based on a automatic analysis of register lifetime in the application binary, followed an automatic binary instrumentation for runtime RF power-gating. The instrumented code executes on a processor with ISA and micro-architecture extension for power-gating control over individual registers. Our application binary analysis/instrumentation operates at function-level granularity, automatically gating the registers that do not contribute to program outcome. Our experimental results using an AFReP-enhanced Blackfin processor demonstrate average RF static power reduction by 60% and 52% for control and DSP applications from Mibench and DSPstone suites, respectively. The added instructions for run-time power-gating increase execution time by only 1% on average.
FracMAP: A user-interactive package for performing simulation and orientation-specific morphology analysis of fractal-like solid nano-agglomerates !

Abstract Computer simulation techniques have found extensive use in establishing empirical relationships between three-dimensional (3d) and two-dimensional (2d) projected properties of particles produced by the process of growth through the agglomeration of smaller particles (monomers). In this paper, we describe a package, FracMAP, that has been written to simulate 3d quasi-fractal agglomerates and create their 2d pixelated projection images by restricting them to stable orientations as commonly encountered for quasi-fractal agglomerates collected on filter media for electron microscopy. Resulting 2d images are analyzed for their projected morphological properties. Program summary Program title: FracMAP Catalogue identifier: AEDD_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEDD_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 4722 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 27 229 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++ Computer: PC Operating system: Windows, Linux RAM: 2.0 Megabytes Classification: 7.7 Nature of problem: Solving for a suitable fractal agglomerate construction under constraints of typical morphological parameters. Solution method: Monte Carlo approximation. Restrictions: Problem complexity is not representative of run-time, since Monte Carlo iterations are of a constant complexity. Additional comments: The distribution file contains two versions of the FracMAP code, one for Windows and one for Linux. Running time: 1 hour for a fractal agglomerate of size 25 on a single processor.
Mibampator (LY451395) randomized clinical trial for agitation/aggression in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Mibampator, an amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor potentiator, was evaluated for treatment of agitation and aggression (A/A) in Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods: Outpatients (n = 132) with probable AD and A/A randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with 3-mg po mibampator or placebo were assessed using the 4-domain A/A subscale of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-4-A/A) derived from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Secondary measures included the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, Frontal Systems Behavior Inventory (FrSBe), and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive. Efficacy was analyzed using mixed-effects model repeated measures from baseline to endpoint. Adverse events (AEs), labs, vital signs, and electrocardiograms were monitored.Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Both groups improved on the NPI-4-A/A, but without group differences. Among secondaries, mibampator was significantly better (p = 0.007) than placebo only on the FrSBe. AEs were similar between groups. One death occurred in the placebo group.Conclusion: Possible explanations for no significant group differences include caregiver, drug target engagement, and design issues.This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov; ID: NCT00843518.
SYNTHESIS OF A PREPARATIVE C30 STATIONARY PHASE ON A SILICA HYDRIDE SURFACE AND ITS APPLICATION TO CAROTENOID SEPARATION

A triacontyl (C30) stationary phase has been synthesized on a silica hydride surface for use in preparative applications. The success of bonding via hydrosilation was monitored by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy and elemental (carbon) analysis. A semi-preparative column was packed in order to test this material for potential applications. The test compounds selected for this evaluation were carotenoids. A number of organic solvents applicable to either normal or reversed-phase phase retention were used as binary mobile phase components. The effect of flow rate on resolution was also determined.
Contour extraction of moving objects in complex outdoor scenes

This paper presents a new approach to the extraction of the contour of a moving object. The method is based on the fusion of a motion segmentation technique using image subtraction and a color segmentation technique based on the split-and-merge paradigm and edge information obtained from using the Canny edge detector. The advantages of this method are the following: it can detect large moving objects, the background can be arbitrarily complicated and contain many nonmoving objects, and it requires only three image frames that need not be consecutive provided that the moving object is entirely contained in the three frames. It is assumed that there is only one moving object in the image and the objects are not blurred by their motion so that the edges in the image are sharp. The method was applied to road images containing a moving vehicle, and the results show that the contour was correctly extracted in 18 of the 20 cases. We show that this contour extraction method gives good results for other types of moving objects as well. We also describe how the extracted contour can be used to classify a given vehicle into five generic categories. In this study, 19 out of the 20 vehicles were correctly classified. These results demonstrate that integration of multiple cues obtained from relatively simple image analysis techniques leads to a robust extraction of the object of interest in complex outdoor scenes.
On the number of colorings of a snark minus an edge

For a given snark G and a given edge e of G, let Ψ(G, e) denote the nonnegative integer such that for a cubic graph conformal to G {e}, the number of Tait colorings with three given colors is 18 · Ψ(G, e). If two snarks G1 and G2 are combined in certain well-known simple ways to form a snark G, there are some connections between Ψ (G1, e1), Ψ (G2, e2), and Ψ(G, e) for appropriate edges e1, e2, and e of G1, G2, and G. As a consequence, if j and k are each a nonnegative integer, then there exists a snark G with an edge e such that Ψ(G, e) = 2j · 3k. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introduction to electrochemical capacitor technology

This article was intended to improve understanding of EC technology by evoking those aspects of this technology most likely to be familiar to traditional component engineers. Hopefully such an enhanced familiarity will enable material scientists to contribute to advancing the technology and give component engineers greater confidence to broadly and effectively use it. There are applications for which each and every technology shines, for very different reasons, and the task then is to select the most optimum technology for any given system being designed.
Fat is exciting, but . . .

I must confess: I still have as much enthusiasm for plastic surgery as I did over 35 years ago, in 1976, when I was a first-year resident and had just completed my training in otolaryngology. You might ask how someone now in the twilight of his professional career has remained excited for so long. I think the answer lies in one word: innovation. Plastic surgery is the medical specialty that epitomizes innovation. My continuing enthusiasm stems from having been privileged to witness the initial description, subsequent evolution, and eventual institution of techniques and concepts that most of today’s graduating plastic surgery residents take for granted. Among those innovations were craniofacial surgery, tissue expansion, musculocutaneous flaps, free tissue transfer, and negative pressure wound therapy. And there were countless milestones in aesthetic surgery as well—liposuction, open rhinoplasty, soft tissue fillers, cosmetic applications for botulinum toxin, a deepening anatomic knowledge of facial planes and their clinical significance (eg, the superficial musculoaponeurotic system; SMAS), and so many more. Most of the above-named innovations are either uniquely cosmetic or reconstructive in nature. In contrast, recent scientific and clinical breakthroughs concerning fat encompass both reconstructive (“regenerative’) and cosmetic medicine. Although fat has been employed for many years in a variety of clinical settings, it is mainly within the past 5 years that reports of significant new research and unique applications have emerged. As exciting as the current clinical and research accomplishments related to fat transfer are, it is even more exciting to imagine what the future may hold. In a world where dwindling health care resources are a grim reality, adult …
Physician attitude toward depression care interventions: implications for implementation of quality improvement initiatives

Background Few individuals with depression treated in the primary care setting receive care consistent with clinical treatment guidelines. Interventions based on the chronic care model (CCM) have been promoted to address barriers and improve the quality of care. A current understanding of barriers to depression care and an awareness of whether physicians believe interventions effectively address those barriers is needed to enhance the success of future implementation.
Deciphering Tuberactinomycin Biosynthesis: Isolation, Sequencing, and Annotation of the Viomycin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster

The tuberactinomycin antibiotics are essential components in the drug arsenal against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections and are specifically used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. These antibiotics are also being investigated for their targeting of the catalytic RNAs involved in viral replication and for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. We report on the isolation, sequencing, and annotation of the biosynthetic gene cluster for one member of this antibiotic family, viomycin, from Streptomyces sp. strain ATCC 11861. This is the first gene cluster for a member of the tuberactinomycin family of antibiotics sequenced, and the information gained can be extrapolated to all members of this family. The gene cluster covers 36.3 kb of DNA and encodes 20 open reading frames that we propose are involved in the biosynthesis, regulation, export, and activation of viomycin, in addition to self-resistance to the antibiotic. These results enable us to predict the metabolic logic of tuberactinomycin production and begin steps toward the combinatorial biosynthesis of these antibiotics to complement existing chemical modification techniques to produce novel tuberactinomycin derivatives.
A nonstandard representation for Brownian motion and Itô integration

In a recent paper [10], Peter A. Loeb showed how to convert non-standard measure spaces into standard ones and gave applications to probability theory. We apply these results to Brownian Motion and Ito integration. We first develop a number of new tools about Loeb spaces. We then show that Brownian Motion can be obtained as the Loeb process corresponding to a non-standard random walk obtained from a*-finite number of coin tosses. This permits a very constructive proof of a special case of Donsker's Theorem. The Ito integral with respect to this Brownian Motion is a non-standard Stieltjes integral with respect to the random walk. As a consequence, an easy proof of Ito’s Lemma is possible. The results in this paper were announced in [1].
Triage: performance isolation and differentiation for storage systems

Ensuring performance isolation and differentiation among workloads that share a storage infrastructure is a basic requirement in consolidated data centers. Existing management tools rely on resource provisioning to meet performance goals; they require detailed knowledge of the system characteristics and the workloads. Provisioning is inherently slow to react to system and workload dynamics, and in the general case, it is impossible to provision for the worst case. We propose a software-only solution that ensures predictable performance for storage access. It is applicable to a wide range of storage systems and makes no assumptions about workload characteristics. We use an on-line feedback loop with an adaptive controller that throttles storage access requests to ensure that the available system throughput is shared among workloads according to their performance goals and their relative importance. The controller considers the system as a "black box" and adapts automatically to system and workload changes. The controller is distributed to ensure high availability under overload conditions, and it can be used for both block and file access protocols. The evaluation of Triage, our experimental prototype, demonstrates workload isolation and differentiation, in an overloaded cluster file-system where workloads and system components are changing.
Grade II pilocytic astrocytoma in a 3‐month‐old patient with encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL): Case report and literature review of low grade gliomas in ECCL

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) is a rare congenital syndrome with an unknown etiology. Since 1970, around 60 cases have been reported in English literature. ECCL is usually classified by cutaneous lesions and non-progressive intracranial or spinal lipomas; however three cases of ECCL associated with low grade glioma (LGG) have been described. We report on the fourth case of LGG in a patient with ECCL; a grade II pilocytic astrocytoma with pilomyxoid features in a 3-month-old male, the youngest in literature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Would smokers with schizophrenia benefit from a more flexible approach to smoking treatment

We evaluated literature that addresses the notion that flexible smoking treatment approaches are warranted for smokers with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Understanding the biological and psychological mechanisms that increase the likelihood of smoking and decrease the motivation to quit for these individuals is addressed within the framework of a neurobiological model. We provide a brief overview of the limited smoking cessation treatment literature for patients with schizophrenia and compare abstinence-focused versus reduction-focused treatment modalities. The potential utility of the reduction-focused approach to tobacco treatment for these smokers is evaluated. Suggestions for future research to address the utility and efficacy of reduction-focused interventions for smokers with schizophrenia are put forth. We conclude with a consideration of the implications for the current understanding of smoking treatment among patients with co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses.
Developmental Genes and Cancer: Role of Patched in Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin

Many genes originally identified because of their role in embryonic development are also important in postnatal control of cell growth and differentiation. Mutations in some of these genes have been shown to cause cancer. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common cancer in humans. More than 750000 new cases are diagnosed annually, and the incidence is rising. BCCs are slow-growing, locally invasive tumors that rarely metastasize but can result in extensive morbidity through local recurrence and tissue destruction. Epidemiologic studies suggest that sunlight (particularly UVB radiation) is a strong risk factor for BCC formation, although other factors are also involved. The nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), a rare genetic disorder, is characterized by predisposition to BCCs and other tumors as well as to a wide range of developmental defects. NBCCS maps to chromosome 9q22.3, and loss of heterozygosity at this site in both sporadic and hereditary BCCs suggests that it functions as a tumor suppressor. The gene for NBCCS was recently cloned and is the human homologue of the Drosophila gene "patched." Genetic studies in Drosophila show that patched is part of the hedgehog signaling pathway, which is important in determining embryonic patterning and cell fate in multiple structures of the developing embryo. Human patched is mutated in both hereditary and sporadic BCCs, and inactivation of this gene is probably a necessary, if not sufficient, step for BCC formation. Delineation of the biochemical pathway in which patched functions may lead to rational medical therapy for BCCs and possibly for other tumors associated with NBCCS.
Development and content validity testing of the Cardiac Symptom Survey in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background Patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting often experience numerous symptoms after surgery. There is a need for a symptom tool for this population that is disease-specific, comprehensive, and responsive to change. Aims The aims of this study were to describe the development and preliminary content validity testing of the Cardiac Symptom Survey (CSS), assess further content validity of the CSS through an expert panel, and assess responsiveness of the CSS to change. Methods The original development of the CSS is described. An expert panel of four judges was used to rate the clarity of the items (content validity) and the relevance of the symptoms and items to the domain. Responsiveness to change of the CSS was assessed in a sample of 90 subjects who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Results Percent agreement and content validity index coefficients ranged from .90 to 1.00. Repeated measures analyses of variance showed significant changes over time as hypothesized in some of the symptom evaluation and symptom response scores. Conclusion Support is documented for both content validity and responsiveness of the CSS.
The Preschool Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PPSC): development and initial validation of a new social/emotional screening instrument.

Abstract Objective This article describes the development and initial validation of the Preschool Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PPSC), a social/emotional screening instrument for children 18 to 60 months of age. The PPSC was created as part of a comprehensive screening instrument designed for pediatric primary care and is modeled after the Pediatric Symptom Checklist. Method Items for the PPSC were developed by a team of experts who reviewed existing assessment instruments and relevant research literature. Scale construction and initial validation (including factor analysis and tests of construct validity) were conducted with 292 families from pediatric primary care sites and 354 families from referral clinics. One hundred seventy-one additional families were recruited from primary care sites to obtain an independent replication sample. Results Exploratory factor analysis revealed 4 dimensions of the PPSC: Externalizing, Internalizing, Attention Problems, and Parenting Challenges. These dimensions were incorporated into a bifactor model that displayed a strong general factor, thus supporting the use of a total score. The PPSC total score shows strong internal and retest reliability, and it identifies children who score in the clinical range of a longer, well-validated, and more comprehensive parent-report instrument (the Child Behavior Checklist), as well as children who are reported to have a range of behavioral diagnoses. Moreover, sensitivity and specificity with respect to these criteria were comparable to those of another well-accepted but longer screener, the Ages & Stages Questionnaire: Social/Emotional. Finally, results for the PPSC total scale remained consistent when replicated in an independent sample. Conclusion The PPSC shows promise as a social/emotional screening instrument for use in pediatric primary care.
Early sepsis does not increase the risk of late sepsis in very low birth weight neonates.

Objective To examine whether preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have an increased risk of late-onset sepsis (LOS) following early-onset sepsis (EOS). Study design Retrospective analysis of VLBW infants (401-1500 g) born September 1998 through December 2009 who survived >72 hours and were cared for within the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Sepsis was defined by growth of bacteria or fungi in a blood culture obtained ≤72 hours of birth (EOS) or >72 hours (LOS) and antimicrobial therapy for ≥5 days or death Results Of 34 396 infants studied, 504 (1.5%) had EOS. After adjustment, risk of death or LOS by 120 days did not differ overall for infants with EOS compared with those without EOS [risk ratio (RR): 0.99 (0.89-1.09)] but was reduced in infants born at P = .048]. Among survivors, no difference in LOS risk was found overall for infants with versus without EOS [RR: 0.88 (0.75-1.02)], but LOS risk was reduced in infants with birth weight 401-750 g who had EOS [RR: 0.80 (0.64-0.99), P = .047]. Conclusions Risk of LOS after EOS was not increased in VLBW infants. Surprisingly, risk of LOS following EOS appeared to be reduced in the smallest, most premature infants, underscoring the need for age-specific analyses of immune function.
Adaptive wavelength allocation in GMPLS controlled optical network

Different wavelength assignment schemes have been proposed in the literature for improving the blocking performance in optical networks. In this paper we analyze first fit and random wavelength assignment techniques. In the first fit case, the destination node selects the least indexed wavelength from the set of available wavelengths, whereas in random assignment the wavelength is selected randomly from the set of available wavelengths. In this paper, we propose a new wavelength assignment scheme that is highly adaptive. We begin by comparing the blocking performance of two schemes and observing that the first fit scheme outperforms the random assignment scheme if link utilization is high. In any network, link utilization varies from time to time; it is therefore desirable to switch between the wavelength assignment techniques depending on the link utilization so as to attain optimal blocking performance. Here, we propose an adaptive wavelength assignment (AA) technique that can dynamically switch between different wavelength assignment schemes based on link utilization. Our performance study indicates that, as the link utilization changes, the nodes adaptively select the best wavelength assignment technique in real time so as to improve the blocking performance.
Lobectomy with tangential pulmonary artery resection without regard to pulmonary function.

Abstract Background . Non–small cell carcinoma of the lung invading the pulmonary artery (PA) has traditionally been treated by pneumonectomy. Although PA resection and reconstruction (PAR) has begun to gain acceptance, previous series of PAR by the simplest technique of tangential excision and primary repair have been unfavorable. We have maintained a policy of performing PAR preferentially whenever anatomically feasible, and usually this has been possible by tangential excision and primary repair. This study sought to determine if this approach is sound. Methods . Retrospective clinical and pathologic review. Results . Thirty-three PARs were performed from 1992 to 1999. The patients, followed 6 to 65 months (mean 25), were aged 36 to 80 years (mean 61), and their tumors were pathologic stage IB (n = 7), IIB (n = 13), IIIA (n = 9), and IIIB (n = 4). The mean preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 70% predicted. The procedures included 14 bronchial sleeve lobectomies with PAR and 19 simple lobectomies with PAR. The PARs were performed without heparinization and included 19 tangential excisions with primary closure, 11 larger tangential excisions with pericardial patch closure, and 3 sleeve resections. There were no operative deaths and 2 (6.1%) early major complications, all unrelated to the PAR. Thirteen patients (39%) had early minor complications. Four-year Kaplan-Meier survival was 48.3% for stages I/II and 45% for stage III. Ipsilateral, central, intrathoracic recurrence occurred in 3 patients (9.1%). Conclusions . These data are not dramatically different from those reported for standard resections. Although the numbers are small, the results suggest that lobectomy with PAR by tangential excision is an acceptable alternative to pneumonectomy whenever anatomically possible.
Programmable matched filter and Hadamard transform hyperspectral imagers based on micromirror arrays

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), in which each pixel contains a high-resolution spectrum, is a powerful technique that can remotely detect, identify, and quantify a multitude of materials and chemicals. The advent of addressable micro-mirror arrays (MMAs) makes possible a new class of programmable hyperspectral imagers that can perform key spectral processing functions directly in the optical hardware, thus alleviating some of HSI's high computational overhead, as well as offering improved signal-to-noise in certain important regimes (e.g. when using uncooled infrared detectors). We have built and demonstrated a prototype UV-Visible micro-mirror hyperspectral imager that is capable not only of matched-filter imaging, but also of full hyperspectral imagery via the Hadamard transform technique. With this instrument, one can upload a chemical-specific spectral matched filter directly to the MMA, producing an image showing the location of that chemical without further processing. Target chemicals are changeable nearly instantaneously simply by uploading new matched-filter patterns to the MMA. Alternatively, the MMA can implement Hadamard mask functions, yielding a full-spectrum hyperspectral image upon inverting the transform. In either case, the instrument can produce the 2D spatial image either by an internal scan, using the MMA itself, or with a traditional external push-broom scan. The various modes of operation are selectable simply by varying the software driving the MMA. Here the design and performance of the prototype is discussed, along with experimental results confirming the signal-to-noise improvement produced by the Hadamard technique in the noisy-detector regime.
Hymnody as History: Early Evangelical Hymns and the Recovery of American Popular Religion

The hymns of evangelical Protestantism are the most widely used spiritual texts in American history. Sacred lyrics like “All hail the power of Jesus' name,” “Jesus, lover of my soul,” “How firm a foundation,” and “When I survey the wondrous cross” have been sung, preached, and prayed by millions of Americans since the eighteenth century. At worship, revivals, youth services, conferences, conventions, and colleges, and in the family circle, these hymns have been ceaselessly repeated in an unending round of living oral tradition. Since the Great Awakening two and a half centuries ago, the churches of the evangelical tradition have published tens of thousands of hymn texts and tunes. This continuous popularity since colonial times establishes hymnody as a crucial expression of American evangelical religiousness.
Suppression of NFκB and its regulated pathways by oral administration of green tea polyphenols in an autochthonous mouse model of prostate cancer

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4893 Green tea polyphenols (GTP) possess strong chemopreventive properties against a variety of animal tumor models and in some human epidemiological studies. We have earlier shown that oral infusion of GTP inhibits the growth and progression of prostate cancer (PCa) in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model and that inhibition of insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling plays a major role in this process. IGF-I is known to stimulate sustained activation of NFκB and constitutive activation of NFκB occurs during PCa progression in humans and TRAMP. In this study we examined the role of proteins involved in NFκB signaling and other associated molecules during GTP mediated chemoprevention of PCa in TRAMP mice. Four weeks old male TRAMP mice were fed orally with 0.1% GTP as the sole source of drinking fluid throughout and water-fed animals served as controls. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, 20 and 28 weeks following GTP feeding and dorsolateral prostate tissues were collected. GTP feeding to TRAMP resulted in significant inhibition of constitutive NFκB activation. This corresponded with suppression of receptor activator of NFκB (RANK), known to up-regulate anti-apoptotic proteins. Inhibition of NFκB accompanied inhibition of NFκB inducing kinase (NIK), IKKα, IκBα and phospho-NFκB. This inhibition of NFκB signaling was observed in GTP-fed animals at all time points examined. Osteopontin, an extracellular matrix protein secreted by infiltrating macrophages and tumor cells, plays a role in the transition to metastatic PCa and is expressed at high levels in poorly differentiated carcinomas in TRAMP. Since osteopontin is known to stimulate tumor growth through activation of NFκB, we next determined the expression of osteopontin during GTP-mediated inhibition of PCa. An inhibition in the expression of osteopontin by oral infusion of GTP, particularly at 24 and 32 weeks of age was observed. Increased resistance to apoptosis also occurs due to constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3. We observed an increased expression of STAT-3 in TRAMP as a function of age that was inhibited by oral infusion of GTP. Inhibition of NFκB signaling is known to activate apoptotic and inhibit anti-apoptotic proteins. Therefore, we next analyzed Bax and Bcl2 levels in the dorsolateral prostate of TRAMP mice fed GTP. We observed increasing levels of Bax and decreasing levels of Bcl2 in each treatment group of GTP-fed, tilting the balance between Bax and Bcl2 in favor of apoptosis. Taken together, our data strongly suggests that oral consumption of GTP inhibits NFκB signaling which may contribute to induction of apoptosis observed in GTP-fed TRAMP mice.
Amelanotic Conjunctival Melanoma

A man in his 60s with a history of hypertension, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, andprimaryopen-angleglaucomapresentedwith 6monthsof right-sidedbloodytearing.Examinationrevealeda7mm ×5mmpedunculatedmassextendingfromtheconjunctivaoftheright superolateral fornix (Figure).The lesionresembledapyogenicgranuloma; however, histopathological analysis was positive for markers characteristicofmelanoma—S100andMelan-A.Theconjunctivaoverlying the lesion showednoevidenceof aprecursor lesion suchasprimary acquiredmelanosis, so the possibility ofmetastasis to this site was explored. The patient underwent dermatological examination, whole-body positron emission tomography and computed tomography scans, colonoscopy, and orbital magnetic resonance imaging, fromwhichnootherprimarymucocutaneousmelanomalesionswere found. The patient was scheduled for additional excision with wide margins, cryotherapy for residual disease, and amniotic membrane grafting to prevent scar tissue formation.
Ion Kinetic Energy Spectra (IKES) and Mass Analyzed Ion Kinetic Energy Spectra (MIKES)

Abstract This article provides definitions of the terms IKES and MIKES, shows the relevance of metastable ion decomposition to current mass spectrometry and then points the reader to an excellent discussion of the historical aspects of these techniques in the context of tandem mass spectrometry.
Pyridoxine-5′-β-D-glucoside Exhibits Incomplete Bioavailability as a Source of Vitamin B-6 and Partially Inhibits the Utilization of Co-Ingested Pyridoxine in Humans

This research was conducted to investigate 1) the bioavailability of pyridoxine-5'-beta-D-glucoside (PN-glucoside) relative to that of pyridoxine (PN) in human subjects, and 2) the competitive effect of PN-glucoside on the metabolism of co-ingested PN. To evaluate PN-glucoside bioavailability, the subjects were administered a single oral dose of either deuterium-labeled ([2H2]) PN (Trial 1) or [2H2] PN-glucoside (Trial 2), and the urinary excretion rates of labeled 4-pyridoxic acid (4PA) were measured. The [2H2]4PA derived from [2H2] PN or [2H2]PN-glucoside was excreted mainly in the first 8 h after the dose. Excretion of [2H2]4PA during the 48-h postdose period indicated that the bioavailability of PN-glucoside was approximately 50% relative to PN, which is consistent with our previous report of 58% bioavailability determined using a different protocol and fewer subjects. To assess the effects of PN-glucoside on PN utilization, the subjects were administered different ratios of nonlabeled PN-glucoside with [2H2]PN in Trials 3 and 4. Comparing Trial 1 with Trials 3 and 4, the quantity of nonlabeled PN-glucoside, as a fraction of total vitamin B-6 administered, ranged from 0 to 40% (on the basis of pyridoxine equivalents), with a constant dose of [2H2]PN in each. In these trials, the rate but not the total extent of the excretion of [2H2]4PA derived from [2H2]PN was inversely related to the proportion of co-ingested nonlabeled PN-glucoside. Thus, antagonistic effects of PN-glucoside on PN metabolism do occur in humans, although the effect is less pronounced than that seen previously in rats. Such interactive effects must be considered in evaluating the net bioavailability of dietary forms of vitamin B-6.
PREDICTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTHRACYCLINES

Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin and idarubicin) are a cornerstone of therapy for many cancers but are associated with dose dependent cardiotoxicity that characteristically manifests as left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), particularly at doses >300 mg/m2. Clinical risk factors for
Development of a Surrogate Autonomous Aircraft for Entry in the NASA Airspace Operation Challenge

The integration of UAS into the National Airspace, although imminent, still presents several technological challenges. Before a sucessful integration can occur, it is necessary to demonstrate different technologies in traffic detection, traffic avoidance, and communications, as well as in the integration of those technologies as a single unit. For this purpose, NASA developed its UAS Airspace Operation Challenge; a Centennial Challenge aimed at the demonstration of these technologies. The challenge consists of developing a UAS solution that can navigate autonomously while detecting and avoiding traffic using ADS-B signals. EmbryRiddle Aeronautical Univeristy developed an entry to this challenge: a UAS consisting of a surrogate UAV, a ground station, and a data link. The traffic detection challenges are addressed by processing images collected from an array of cameras mounted in the wingtips, while the avoidance challenges are addressed with a series of path planning algorithms. For communication, a ground station was built and equipped with a data link for monitoring the aircraft’s systems. The individual components were tested sucessfully, but flight test of the integrated unit is still in progress. The challenge was cancelled, but Embry-Riddle’s entry remains a valuable asset for UAS integration technology.
Deoxygenation of Biomass-Derived Oxygenates: Reaction of Furfural on Zn-Modified Pt(111)

Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) were used to characterize the adsorption and reaction of furfural on Pt(111) and Zn-modified Pt(111) surfaces. Furfural was found to bond to Pt(111) via the aromatic ring, which facilitated C–C bond scission and ring opening at low temperatures, leading to unselective decomposition to CO and H2. In contrast, on Zn-modified Pt(111), furfural bonds via the aldehyde carbonyl in an η2(C,O) configuration with the aromatic furan ring tilted away from the surface. This bonding configuration weakens the C–O bond in the carbonyl, which undergoes scission upon heating above 250 K to form a stable (C4H3O)–CH═ intermediate. These results provide useful mechanistic insights for the hydrodeoxygenation of furfural on PtZn catalysts.
Changes in colonic bile acid composition following fecal microbiota transplantation are sufficient to control Clostridium difficile germination and growth

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (R-CDI), but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that gut bile acids have significant influence on the physiology of C. difficile, and therefore on patient susceptibility to recurrent infection. We analyzed spore germination of 10 clinical C. difficile isolates exposed to combinations of bile acids present in patient feces before and after FMT. Bile acids at concentrations found in patients’ feces prior to FMT induced germination of C. difficile, although with variable potency across different strains. However, bile acids at concentrations found in patients after FMT did not induce germination and inhibited vegetative growth of all C. difficile strains. Sequencing of the newly identified germinant receptor in C. difficile, CspC, revealed a possible correspondence of variation in germination responses across isolates with mutations in this receptor. This may be related to interstrain variability in spore germination and vegetative growth in response to bile acids seen in this and other studies. These results support the idea that intra-colonic bile acids play a key mechanistic role in the success of FMT, and suggests that novel therapeutic alternatives for treatment of R-CDI may be developed by targeted manipulation of bile acid composition in the colon.
Dissipativity of Runge-Kutta Methods for Integro-Differential Equations

The paper is concerned with the dissipativity of Runge-Kutta methods for integro-differential equations(IDEs),When the integration term is approximated by the compound quadrature(CQ) formula,it is proved that the k,l-algebraically stable Runge-Kutta methods are dissipative in finite-dimentional space for k≤1,Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.
Effect of biophenol on oxidative stability of Camellia oil by rancimat method

The anti-oxidation of Gallic acid,quercetin,catechin of different states and bio-phenol extracted from leaves,seeds,oil in camellia was studied by Rancimat method. With adding different concentrations of single antioxidant and different rations of antioxidant combination into camellia oil,the antioxidant effect was determined by using induction time. The result showed that both of the extracts and antioxidants contained antioxidant activity,and the antioxidants had a higher repetition rate in solid than in liquid,at 150 mg / kg,the anti-oxidation of single antioxidant listed descending as Gallic acid,leaves,quercetin,seed,oil,catechin; as the antioxidants combined with each other,150 mg / kg Gallic acid and catechin combination showed the best synergistic effect,and as the three kinds of anti-oxidation standards mixed,they performed better at the concentration of 100 mg / kg.
Elevation of organ resistance due to leukocyte perfusion.

Leukocytes are larger and considerably less deformable than erythrocytes, thereby causing a disproportionate effect on local blood flow, which despite their low concentration, may be significant at...
Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptides reduced time to discharge and treatment costs in patients with acute dyspnea

Source Citation Mueller C, Scholer A, Laule-Kilian K, et al. Use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the evaluation and management of acute dyspnea. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:647-54. 14960741