cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extended and experimenting: library learning commons service strategy and sustainability

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to share a compelling example of a library’s willingness to develop and design itself as an open-ended process. Design/methodology/approach – The case study provides a historical review of the library’s founding design, and an overview of the process and approach to redesign. The study contextualizes the library within current academic library research and literature. Findings – This paper explores the research, engagement and planning process behind the library’s exploration of new models and service configurations. The project was an engaged, inclusive, transparent, library-led process. The commons reestablishes the library as the “nerve center” of the campus. Originality/value – The paper offers an update to a 1969 report, and later book by Robert Taylor on the Harold F. Johnson Library at Hampshire College, designed as a prototype of an academic library. This paper will be of value to academic librarians, administrators, and historians.
Methodology of radiotracer enzyme assays.

The inherent sensitivity and specificity of radiotracer enzyme assays has resulted in a rapid increase in their development and application: Also, as additional radiochemicals become commercially available, new assay procedures are being devised. Although radiochemicals have been utilized for enzyme assays for more than a decade, no review of the methodology of these assays has been published. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this article to illustrate the general methodology, versatility, advantages, and disadvantages of radiotracer enzyme assays. Specific comparisons of these assay methods with nonisotopic assay procedures are omitted due to space limitation.
High frequency N-polar GaN planar MIS-HEMTs on sapphire with high breakdown and low dispersion

N-polar planar GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrate with a high combination of power cutoff frequency (f max ) and three-terminal breakdown voltage (BV DS ) as well as a decent DC-to-RF dispersion control are demonstrated. Compared to previously reported N-polar planar HEMTs, devices presented in this letter not only maintain comparable f max /BV DS of 221 GHz/116 V, but also exhibit a mitigation of drain current collapse and ON-resistance dispersion. In addition, a higher output power of 5.43 W/mm at the same V DS,Q = 25 V and a reduction of efficiency drop with increasing V DS,Q were achieved by load-pull measurements at 10 GHz.
Stringing Nucleosome Necklaces in the Yeast Genome.

Using a reconstituted system containing genomic DNA and purified proteins from yeast, Krietenstein et al. uncover the direct contributions of key factors in nucleosome positioning and conceptualize the process into four distinct stages.
Fluorogenic Templated Reaction Cascades for RNA Detection.

Nucleic acids detection is essential to the study of biological processes and to diagnosis of pathological states. Although PCR is highly effective in vitro, methods that can function without prior sample preparation, thermal cycling, or enzymes are of interest due to their simplicity. Most current non-PCR detection methods rely on linear signal amplification, which hinders the detection of small amounts of genetic material. To address this limitation, we tested a new strategy for attaining higher-order signal amplification, in which a target sequence templates a chemical ligation, and the product of this reaction is in turn detected with a second templated reaction. The method is nonenzymatic, isothermal, and fluorogenic, allowing the direct detection of nucleic acids in complex matrices. Using this approach, as little as 500 attomoles (10 pM) could be detected with single nucleotide resolution. In a test of selectivity, single nucleotide substitutions and deletions could successfully be detected, includ...
Relation Space and Generalizations

This chapter begins to develop the machinery necessary for a suitable version of quantum theory in the discrete causal setting. Section 5.1 introduces the relation space over a directed set or multidirected set, which is the space whose elements are relations between pairs of elements in the original set. Relation space represents the simplest discrete causal application of Grothendieck’s relative viewpoint, in which the “objects” are elements, and the “natural relationships” are relations between pairs of elements. Section 5.2 introduces abstract element space, which is an “approximate inverse” to relation space. Its primary role is to facilitate the investigation of the properties of relation space. Section 5.3 explains how passage to relation space preserves the information in a directed set or multidirected set, except possibly at the causal boundary. Section 5.4 examines an important technical problem, called the permeability problem, which has obstructed “foliation-type” approaches to discrete causal dynamics appearing in the literature. This problem is elegantly solved via passage to relation space, due to the impermeability theorem, which states that “maximal antichains in relation space are impermeable.” Section 5.5 describes analogies between relation spaces and morphism categories in abstract algebra. Section 5.6 introduces power spaces, which are generalizations of relation spaces, whose “elements” are nontrivial subobjects of directed or multidirected sets. Power spaces provide a natural context for studying the topic of classical holism, which plays a role in novel viewpoints regarding causal structure, such as top–down causation. Section 5.7 introduces a technical method called causal atomic resolution, which enables systematic “coarsening” of directed or multidirected structure, for the purposes of computation and approximation. Section 5.8 discusses top–down causation and classical holism specifically, along with related ideas involving theories such as shape dynamics and twistor theory. Section 5.9 introduces causal path spaces, which provide the basic structural scaffolding for the path summation approach to discrete quantum causal theory, adapted from Feynman’s conventional path summation approach. Section 5.10 introduces causal path algebras, which augment the structure of the corresponding path spaces in a manner suitable for computation.
Anthropogenic Litter Abundance and Accumulation Rates Point to Seasonal Litter Sources on a Great Lakes Beach

The ecology of anthropogenic litter (AL) (i.e., trash) in marine ecosystems is a growing field of research. Freshwater and marine ecosystems have similar AL densities, but research on the assemblage and accumulation rates of AL in freshwater environments is less common. We studied AL accumulation at Pratt beach, located on Lake Michigan in Chicago, IL, USA. The beach has a concrete pier at the south end, with two areas of grass bisected by a walking path. Pratt beach receives many daily visitors, but unlike other urban beaches, it has no daily municipal beach grooming. We established five 60 m transects parallel to the shoreline, with increasing distance to the shoreline. Each transect was divided into four habitat zones (i.e., pier, south vegetation, path, and north vegetation). All AL within 1 m of each transect was collected biweekly from March-November 2015. AL density (No. m−2) and input rate (No. m−2 day−1) were highest at the pier, regardless of distance from the shoreline. Fall had the highest AL density relative to spring or summer. We concluded AL inputs at the pier were dominated by direct littering and the retention of wind- and wave-blown AL at the pier's wall. The study beach had much higher AL than adjacent beaches which received municipal AL cleaning, suggesting cleaning is effective at reducing AL density. This study suggests that, given the mobile nature of AL by natural processes, infrequent sampling may underestimate total AL abundance. Management efforts for AL should be directed towards the greatest AL accumulation sites within a beach, and at prevention of direct littering from visitors.
Response by Trachtenberg and Hare to Letter Regarding the Article, “Inflammatory Cardiomyopathic Syndromes”

Thank you Bestetti et al for your interest in our article1 and for your important letter. Indeed, although antiparasital therapy is clearly recommended for acute Chagas disease and is not recommended for chronic Chagas associated with cardiomyopathy, antiparasital therapy for those with the indeterminate form is controversial. This is largely because of a lack of large, randomized trials in this population. As Bestetti et al point out, most patients have …
Human trafficking and the child welfare population in Florida

Abstract Human trafficking victimization is frequently associated with child abuse or neglect and out-of-home placements. This article presents the largest study to date of human trafficking allegations within a child welfare context, and one of the few to compare children with allegations of human trafficking to others in the child welfare population. It uses state administrative data to examine 4413 allegations of sex and labor trafficking involving 3420 children. These children were more than twice as likely as others to have experienced prior maltreatment. Among children with prior child welfare experience, those with trafficking allegations were twice as likely to have experienced out-of-home placements, >5 times as likely to have experienced congregate care, and >10 times as likely to have run away from placements. Although these data cannot be interpreted as representing the true prevalence of human trafficking within the child welfare population, they expand our understanding of known victims, with associated implications for research, practice and policy.
Omics, Big Data, and Precision Medicine in Cardiovascular Sciences.

How do our individual genomes and life histories influence our well-being, risk for diseases, and responses to medical treatments? This is the fundamental question precision medicine seeks to address. Understand how the confluence of genes and environment defines pathophysiological traits, and we can, in theory, prescribe the most suitable treatments to each individual, better predict population health to improve policy-making, and perhaps even unlock some of the mysteries behind the circuitry of life itself. Although we have not yet achieved this goal, for the first time we possess the investigative tools that suggest how it can be accomplished. It is with recent technological advances in mind that for this Circulation Research Omics Compendium, we invited leaders in our field to discuss essential aspects of omics technologies from genomics and transcriptomics to proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and beyond, and to explore what the integration of large-scale digital data means for precision health and medicine. We begin with 2 essays on how evolving technologies are changing the ways health status can be assessed. Kellogg et al1 describe the emergence of mobile health (m-health) devices and sensors that have revolutionized the measurement of human dynamic physiology, a concept which encompasses not only genetic information, but also continuous measurements of high-dimensional phenotypes. Small devices and smartphones can now be used to collect quasi-continuous data on blood pressure, heart rhythm, oxygen saturation, brain waves, air quality, radiation, and an ever-expanding list of metrics. The resulting physiological and environmental information can be connected to other omics layers such as genomes, metabolomes, and microbiomes to discover subclinical imbalances or elevated disease risk in otherwise healthy individuals. Cranley and MacRae2 further expand on the theme of deriving a phenotypic repertoire at scale. Using atherosclerosis as an example, the authors argue that the slow progress on disease mechanisms …
Turbulence, Risk, and Radical Listening A Context for Teaching and Learning Science

One of the most engaging aspects of science education is the ways in which the spectra of related human endeavors (e.g., sociology, psychology and neurobiology) provide foundational approaches fundamental to the continuing development of the discipline. There is always an urge and tension to push the boundaries of science education in new and exciting ways even though what have often stabilized this area (and other areas) of study are its established traditions, language, methodologies, policies, institutions, schooling mechanisms, myths, and trailblazers. Although there is still much contestation and turbulence in the acceptance and enactment of these fixtures and approaches (e.g., see Cultural Studies of Science Education Volume 3, Issue 2 dedicated to conceptual change theory) I find that the logic, language, and referents used to engage in these issues must also reflect the complexities, risks, and at times settled nature of what has been produced and is currently being produced as science education.
INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS TO ACCOMPANY UNIVERSITY PHYSICS

This chapter describes the instructional aids which accompany university physics. It presents the ancillaries that are available from the publisher to augment the text material; those ancillaries include: (1) Student Study Guide , (2) Student Solutions Manual , (3) computer software, (4) Instructor's Answer Book , and (5) overhead transparencies. The study guide provides students with additional drill work and further review of important physics concepts. The Student Solutions Manual contains solutions or hints for over 450 of the problems in University Physics. An imaginative computer software package keyed to sections in the text is available to students to strengthen their understanding of physics concepts while providing interest and motivation. In Instructor's Answer Book , answers are provided to instructors for all the problems in the text. In addition, acetate transparencies of important text illustrations are available to adopters as a support to text discussions.
Temperature sensitivity of extracellular enzymes differs with peat depth but not with season in an ombrotrophic bog

Abstract Peatlands contain a large portion of Earth's terrestrial soil organic matter in part due to a reduction in decomposition rates. Organic matter decomposition is initially mediated by extracellular enzyme activity, which is in turn controlled by temperature, moisture, and substrate availability; and all are subject to seasonal variation. As depth increases in peatlands, temperature variability and labile carbon inputs decrease. We hypothesized that the more stable recalcitrant subsurface would contain a smaller less diverse enzyme pool, that is better adapted to a narrow temperature range. Thus temperature dependence would be diminished at depth compared to superficial peat. Potential enzyme activity rates were determined across seasons and with depth in peat samples collected from the Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota, USA. The temperature dependence, assessed by activation energy, was quantified for three hydrolytic enzymes involved in nutrient cycling at up to 15 temperature points ranging from 2 °C to 65 °C. Potential enzyme activity decreased with peat depth as expected and corresponded with changes in peat composition and microbial biomass from the acrotelm to the catotelm. In an environmentally relevant temperature range (2–23 °C), activation energy decreased with depth for β-glucosidase as predicted and leucine amino peptidase activation energy was the lowest of all enzymes. Stable temperatures at depth appear to result in a microbial community containing enzymes that have lower sensitivity to temperature increases. Surprisingly, there was no significant seasonal effect on enzyme temperature dependence observed in our study. Based on these results, and without shifts in microbial community composition, warming of peat could result in increased carbon and phosphorus cycling at the surface but little change at depth. Additionally differences in enzyme temperature sensitivity suggest nitrogen cycling could remain constant with warming, potentially resulting in proteolytic nitrogen cycling being decoupled from carbon and phosphorus cycling.
Assessing Adverse Drug Reactions from Psychotropic Medications Reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in Older Adults.

Objective Identify trends in adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System in three subpopulations of older adults (ages 55–64, 65–74, 75+) receiving psychotropic medications. Methods Almost 12 years of ADR reports were compiled for adults over 55 years of age receiving psychotropic medications with known side effect profiles. A comparison of the frequency of ADRs reported, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between subpopulations to the whole population of patients aged 55+ was conducted. Results ADRs reported in three subpopulations of older adults differed significantly when receiving the same psychotropic medications. For example, reports of increased blood glucose (OR, 1.8, CI, 1.4–2.2) were all significantly increased in the youngest population (55–64). Conclusion Current classification of age greater than 65 years when evaluating likely ADRs in older adults using psychotropic medications may be inadequate and require further assessment by subpopulations of older adults.
Theorizing the razor’s edge of love and rage in research and praxis

The essays in this volume are written at the interstices of love, hope and rage by Women of Color research scholars who deeply question how to do research but at the same time feel a necessity to c...
Foreword: Yearbook on International Law and Policy, 2012-2013

The author introduces the 2012-2013 Investment Yearbook, discussing the evolution of the international investment law and policy regime and investor-state-dispute-settlement. He highlights the new reality of a growing number of emerging markets becoming outward investors, leading to a fundamental shift in the interest situation of a growing number of countries regarding the investment regime.
Improving the Reliability of TMR With Nontriplicated I/O on SRAM FPGAs

Triple modular redundancy (TMR) with repair is a commonly employed mitigation strategy used on SRAM field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to reduce the effects of ionizing radiation and improve a circuit’s sensitive cross section. This article examines TMR circuits, where the I/O ports of the circuit have not been triplicated, but the internal circuitry has. Such circuits introduce single-point failures (SPFs) into the circuit that limit the neutron cross-sectional improvement offered by TMR to only $3\times $ for the b13 benchmark circuit used in this article. This article proposes two different mitigation techniques to address SPFs, which alter the placement and routing of the circuit. These mitigation techniques reduce the neutron cross section by $26\times $ over the unmitigated circuit while minimally affecting the circuit’s maximum clock frequency and resource utilization.
Single-Facet Dominant Anatase TiO2 (101) and (001) Model Catalysts to Elucidate the Active Sites for Alkanol Dehydration

Alkanol dehydration on Lewis acid–base pairs of transition metal oxide catalysts is a reaction of importance in oxygen removal from biomass-derived feedstocks and their conversion to chemicals in g...
Release and targeting of polycystin-2-carrying ciliary extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a universal means of cell-to-cell communication and hold great potential in diagnostics and regenerative therapies [1]. An urgent need in the field is a fundamental understanding of physiological mechanisms driving EV generation and function. Ciliary EVs act as signaling devices in Chlamydomonas and Caenorhabditis elegans [2, 3, 4]. Mammalian cilia shed EVs to eliminate unwanted receptors [5] or to retract cilia before entering the cell cycle [6]. Here, we used our established C. elegans model to study sensory-evoked ciliary EV release and targeting using a fluorescently labeled EV cargo polycystin-2 (PKD-2). In C. elegans and mammals, the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) gene products polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 localize to cilia and EVs, act in the same genetic pathway, and function in a sensory capacity, suggesting ancient conservation [7]. We find that males deposit PKD-2-carrying EVs onto the vulva of the hermaphrodite during mating. We also show that mechanical stimulation triggers release of PKD-2-carrying EVs from cilia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mechanoresponsive ciliary EV release and of the directional transfer of ciliary EVs from one animal to another animal. Since the polycystins are evolutionarily conserved ciliary EV cargoes, our findings suggest that similar mechanisms for EV release and targeting may occur in other systems and biological contexts.
Manufacturing Techniques of Thin Electrolyte for Planar Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells

Solid oxide electrochemical cell (SOC) technology, such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for distributed power generation and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) for hydrogen production, increasingly attracts interest from the research community due to its advantages of efficient direct conversion of energy and environmentally benign operation. The conventional SOCs using oxygen-ion conducting electrolytes suffer from many challenges associated with high operating temperature (typically above 750°C), which not only results in fast degradation but also problems, such as expensive refractory materials in the system components, less competitive cost, slow start-up, and burden on thermal insulation.
Microwave Photonic Crystals for Electro-Optic Quantum Transduction

We are building dielectric, centimeter-scale microwave photonic crystal cavi- ties with high Q/V coupled to LiNbO3 nonlinear optical resonators for electro-optic quan-tum transduction.
Dynamics of Tritrichomonas foetus Infection in Bulls Used for Natural Service in a Florida Dairy Farm

The economic impact of bovine trichomonosis has been well reported for beef and grazing livestock. However, in dairy farms the extensive use of artificial insemination (AI) has reduced its prevalence. The one exception is those herds where natural service (NS) is a part of the reproductive management and the potential for venereal disease transmission exist. In the US, a considerable number of dairies use bulls in their reproductive program. In the Southeast, de Vries et al, (2005) reported that 70% of herds used NS along with an AI program. Worldwide trichomonosis is considered a major cause of infertility in cattle bred by natural service. Tritrichomonas foetus (T. foetus) is a flagellate, obligate, anaerobic protozoa which causes venereal disease in domestic animals. The transmission of T. foetus occurs at coitus when an infected bull breeds a susceptible female or vice versa. In bulls, the infection is asymptomatic. In females, the protozoa cause embryonic death during early stages of pregnancy and temporary infertility. However, pyometra or abortions are the only clinical signs that may be observed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of T. foetus in dairy bulls used for natural service in Florida dairy farm.
Post-injury outcomes of children with behavioral health disorders.

Abstract Background The impact of Behavioral Health Disorders (BHDs) on pediatric injury is poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between BHDs and outcomes following pediatric trauma. Methods We analyzed injured children (age 5–15) from 2014 to 2016 using the Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Univariable and multivariable analyses compared children with and without a comorbid BHD. Results Of 69,305 injured children, 3,448 (5%) had a BHD. These 3,448 children had a median of 1 [IQR: 1, 1] BHD diagnosis: ADHD (n = 2491), major psychiatric disorder (n = 1037), drug use disorder (n = 250), and alcohol use disorder (n = 29). A higher proportion of injured children with BHDs suffered intentional and penetrating injury. Firearm injuries were more common for BHD patients (3% vs 1%, p 25 compared to children without (5% vs 3%, p Conclusion Children with BHDs experienced lower in-hospital mortality risk after traumatic injury despite more severe injury upon presentation. Intentional and penetrating injuries are particularly concerning, and future work should assess prevention efforts in this vulnerable group.
A Method for Rapid Flow-cytometric Isolation of Endothelial Nuclei and RNA from Archived Frozen Brain Tissue

Abstract Endothelial cells are important contributors to brain development, physiology, and disease. Although RNA sequencing has contributed to the understanding of brain endothelial cell diversity, bulk analysis and single-cell approaches have relied on fresh tissue digestion protocols for the isolation of single endothelial cells and flow cytometry-based sorting on surface markers or transgene expression. These approaches are limited in the analysis of the endothelium in human brain tissues, where fresh samples are difficult to obtain. Here, we developed an approach to examine endothelial RNA expression by using an endothelial-specific marker to isolate nuclei from abundant archived frozen brain tissues. We show that this approach rapidly and reliably extracts endothelial nuclei from frozen mouse brain samples, and importantly, from archived frozen human brain tissues. Furthermore, isolated RNA transcript levels are closely correlated with expression in whole cells from tissue digestion protocols and are enriched in endothelial markers and depleted of markers of other brain cell types. As high-quality RNA transcripts could be obtained from as few as 100 nuclei in archived frozen human brain tissues, we predict that this approach should be useful for both bulk analysis of endothelial RNA transcripts in human brain tissues as well as single-cell analysis of endothelial sub-populations.
Inequalities and Institutions that Benefit Good Apples

I describe three types of inequalities that benefit “good apples” and harm women in Academe: inequality of recognition, inequality of effort required, and inequality in societal institutions around...
Data-Enabled Real-Time Modeling for Production Systems with Variable Cycle Time

Abstract Cycle time is one of the essential parameters that could lead to a significant improvement on the productivity of a manufacturing system. In the traditional manufacturing systems, cycle time for each station is recommended by the vendor and determined based on production line design and through repeated experiments and simulations. Once determined, the cycle time is typically unchangeable during the production operation. Nowadays, the development of smart manufacturing enables a flexible production operation, and the cycle time of each machine can be made changeable to quickly respond to market demand fluctuation and to further improve the system efficiency. To evaluate the performance of a serial production line with variable cycle time, a novel data-enabled manufacturing system model is developed, in which sensor data inputs are allowed and cycle times are modeled as input variables. In addition, an opportunity window concept, which has been studied in the previous study and has been treated as a real-time system status measurement, is extended to the variable cycle time scenario. Numerical case studies are presented to validate the fidelity of the data-enabled model and demonstrate the influence of variable cycle time of individual machines on the production line throughput and the opportunity windows.
Estabilidade e mudança no inglês indígena nativo americano: o caso do inglês Lumbee na Carolina do Norte

This description considers the English variety of the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina, the largest group of Native American Indians east of the Mississippi River. They lost their ancestral language generations ago, and have lived in a relatively stable, tri-ethnic, isolated rural context for several generations with African Americans and European Americans. We examine two prominent morphosyntactic structures, the use of perfective I’m in I’m been there and the remorphologization of was and were based on polarity (e. g. It weren’t me, and they was here) and one less-salient phonetic process, the fronting of the boot vowel. The morphosyntactic structures indicate traits of a regionalized remnant variety that set the Lumbee apart from their cohort varieties. The phonetic trait, however, shows changes over recent generations as the Lumbee move from an alignment with African Americans to one with European Americans. We explain the realignment of the phonetic trait away from African American Language in terms of an oppositional identity, in which the Lumbee maintain their distinctiveness as an ethnolinguistic group that is neither African American nor European American, but especially not African American.
Effects of students' multiple intelligences on participation rate of course components in a blended secondary family and consumer sciences course

This study investigated students’ learning style participation rate within a blended Family and Consumer Sciences Exploring Childhood constructivist secondary course using an exploratory quantitative approach with descriptive analysis, ANOVA testing, and contingency tables. Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence inventory was used to determine students’ learning styles. The learning styles were compared with the participation rate of four course components: individual assignments, group projects, assessment, and discussion. Students’ perception of the course components were also examined for the opportunity of the students to use prior knowledge to build concepts. The literature review brought insight on studies focusing on learning style participation rate within course components. The data analysis indicated students participate more in the group projects course component than assessment, individual assignments and discussions. Findings determined there was no significance to students’ learning style and the participation rate of the course components. Learning styles were not related to student participation in various blended learning course components. Further research is recommended to determine factors of students' participation within a blended course.
Some Measurements for Determining Strangeness Matrix Elements in the Nucleon

Some experiments to measure strangeness matrix elements of the proton are proposed. Two of these suggestions are described in some detail, namely electro-production of phi mesons and the difference between neutrino and antineutrino scattering for isospin zero targets such as deuterium.
Effect of leg exercise training on vascular volumes during 30 days of 6 degrees head-down bed rest.

Plasma and red cell volumes, body density, and water balance were measured in 19 men (32-42 yr) confined to bed rest (BR). One group (n = 5) had no exercise training (NOE), another near-maximal variable-intensity isotonic exercise for 60 min/day (ITE; n = 7), and the third near-maximal intermittent isokinetic exercise for 60 min/day (IKE; n = 7). Caloric intake was 2,678-2,840 kcal/day; mean body weight (n = 19) decreased by 0.58 +/- 0.35 (SE) kg during BR due to a negative fluid balance (diuresis) on day 1. Mean energy costs for the NOE, and IKE, and ITE regimens were 83 (3.6 +/- 0.2 ml O2.min-1.kg-1), 214 (8.9 +/- 0.5 ml.min-1.kg-1), and 446 kcal/h (18.8 +/- 1.6 ml.min-1.kg-1), respectively. Body densities within groups and mean urine volumes (1,752-1,846 ml/day) between groups were unchanged during BR. Resting changes in plasma volume (ml/kg) after BR were -1.5 +/- 2.3% (NS) in ITE, -14.7 +/- 2.8% (P less than 0.05) in NOE, and -16.8 +/- 2.9% (P less than 0.05) in IKE, and mean water balances during BR were +295, -106, and +169 ml/24 h, respectively. Changes in red cell volume followed changes in plasma volume. The significant chronic decreases in plasma volume in the IKE and NOE groups and its maintenance in the ITE group could not be accounted for by water balance or by responses of the plasma osmotic, protein, vasopressin, or aldosterone concentrations or plasma renin activity. There was close coupling between resting plasma volume and plasma protein and osmotic content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS).
Anaerobic Degradation of the Benzene Nucleus by a Facultatively Anaerobic Microorganism

A bacterium was isolated by elective culture with p-hydroxybenzoate as substrate and nitrate as electron acceptor. It grew either aerobically or anaerobically, by nitrate respiration, on a range of aromatic compounds. The organism was identified as a pseudomonad and was given the trivial name Pseudomonas PN-1. Benzoate and p-hydroxybenzoate were metabolized aerobically via protocatechuate, followed by meta cleavage catalyzed by protocatechuic acid-4,5-oxygenase, to yield α-hydroxy-γ-carboxymuconic semialdehyde. Pseudomonas PN-1 grew rapidly on p-hydroxybenzoate under strictly anaerobic conditions, provided nitrate was present, even though protocatechuic acid-4,5-oxygenase was repressed. Suspensions of cells grown anaerobically on p-hydroxybenzoate oxidized benzoate with nitrate and produced 4 to 5 μmoles of CO2 per μmole of benzoate added; these cells did not oxidize benzoate aerobically. The patterns of the oxidation of aromatic substrates with oxygen or nitrate by cells grown aerobically or anaerobically on different aromatic compounds indicated that benzoate rather than protocatechuate was a key intermediate in the early stages of anaerobic metabolism. It was concluded that the pathway for the anaerobic breakdown of the aromatic ring is different and quite distinct from the aerobic pathway. Mechanisms for the anaerobic degradation of the benzene nucleus by Pseudomonas PN-1 are discussed.
Joint carrier phase and frequency offset tracking in OFDM systems

In this paper, we study an OFDM system subject to carrier phase noise and frequency offset. Contrary to many previous approaches, we assume that the carrier phase and frequency offset are drifting. A scheme for joint estimation of the transmitted sequence and tracking of the carrier phase and frequency offset is prsented. The proposed iterative scheme is based on the ECM algorithm — an extension of the EM algorithm — and it performs the joint estimation in a unified manner by, as it turns out, interconnecting an Extended Kalman Smoother with Yule-Walker type equations.
The Effects of Subdivision Design on Housing Values: The Case of Alleyways

Subdivision design likely impacts residential housing values. This study examines the sale prices of houses located in subdivisions utilizing rear-entry alleyways in the Greater Dallas-Fort Worth-Denton metroplex. Regression analysis on a sample of 1,672 home sales, some of which are located on alleyways, reveals statistically significant impacts. Consequently, developers, appraisers, New Urbanists and other real estate participants should consider subdivision design when estimating value for residential dwellings.
Deconstructing Videotaped Instruction for Online Delivery: Instructional Design in Reverse

This paper examines a project in which videotaped face-to-face class sessions were converted into interactive instructional modules for Internet delivery. The development of the online class involved the challenge of teaching the advanced Microsoft Office Suite – normally skills learned hands-on – to distance learners. Sixteen interactive modules were eventually produced by using a process the authors describe as the instructional design in reverse. This paper discusses the importance of the proper application of instructional design theory, the actual production processes used for developing the modules, and important lessons learned in working with interactive multimedia course content for online delivery.
Tracing the Interstellar Medium in Ophiuchus Across 14 Orders of Magnitude in Frequency

The spectral range of ground and space-based observations has expanded rapidly in recent years. Essentially complete sky coverage is available in bands spanning more than 14 orders of magnitude in frequency, with varying sensitivities and resolutions. Remarkably, extended emission (and absorption) associated with the interstellar medium can be seen across this range. This poster illustrated the range of information now at hand for just a single interstellar cloud complex, that in Ophiuchus. This complex, well known for its abundant on-going star formation, is relatively nearby (~125 pc), and well removed from the plane, offering the advantages of large angular size and little confusion in most bands from background Galactic emission.
The effect of erythromycin on motility of the duodenum, sphincter of Oddi, and gallbladder in the prairie dog.

BACKGROUND Interdigestive motility of the stomach, duodenum, sphincter of Oddi, and gallbladder is mediated through the migrating myoelectric complex and the action of motilin. Erythromycin, a motilin agonist, has recently been studied as a gastrointestinal and biliary prokinetic agent. We hypothesized that erythromycin would increase interdigestive duodenal and sphincter of Oddi motility in a dose-dependent manner. METHODS In 10 anesthetized prairie dogs we determined the motility responses of the duodenum, sphincter of Oddi, and gallbladder to erythromycin infusion during a three-log dosing regimen and correlated activity with serum concentrations of the drug. RESULTS Erythromycin administered at 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg had no effect on duodenal or sphincter motility. At 1.0 and 10 mg/kg, duodenal motility index increased by 451% +/- 114% and 1070% +/- 480%, respectively, when compared with baseline values, (p < 0.05). Sphincter of Oddi motility index increased by 122% +/- 38% and 323% +/- 99%, respectively, at these same doses of erythromycin (p < 0.05). Gallbladder pressure did not change significantly during erythromycin infusion. Erythromycin serum concentration at 1.0 mg/kg was 1.0 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that erythromycin stimulates interdigestive motility of the duodenum and sphincter of Oddi in a dose-dependent manner at otherwise subtherapeutic concentrations of the drug.
India’s Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility Proposal: Creative Capitalism Meets Creative Regulation in the Global Market

This Comment traces the legislative, socio-political, and legal history of a truly unusual and innovative legislative proposal recently raised in India: mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) spending for all businesses. While many commentators criticized the proposal for falling outside of the traditional western conception of CSR, this note suggests that what might seem retrograde or unusual to westernized companies can more productively be viewed as India’s attempt to navigate a difficult divide, unique to BRICS countries. India is under intense pressure from its populace to address growing inequalities and deficiencies in infrastructure; at the same time, it is facing perpetual international pressure to keep its economy highly liberalized, with little taxation. The CSR proposal represents the Indian parliament’s attempt to create a novel policy to serve both goals; such attempts at innovation, which do not simply import western laws or governance regimes, should be encouraged.
What Is Organizational Imprinting? Cultural Entrepreneurship in the Founding of the Paris Opera1

Organization theorists have long recognized that organizations take on elements from their environments in the course of being founded. This observation, articulated by Stinchcombe in 1965 and known today as the “organizational imprinting hypothesis,” is frequently cited but remains little understood. Advances in cultural sociology and entrepreneurship studies have provided tools for unpacking this process. The author draws on these tools to underscore the role played by entrepreneurs in selecting and incorporating historically specific elements that may remain for decades or even centuries as fundamental features of the organization in question. The founding of the Paris Opera under Louis XIV serves as the basis for theorizing organizational imprinting at founding as an outcome of cultural entrepreneurship.
Assessing Genome-Wide Statistical Significance for Large p Small n Problems

Assessing genome-wide statistical significance is an important issue in genetic studies. We describe a new resampling approach for determining the appropriate thresholds for statistical significance. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach accurately controls the genome-wide type I error rate even under the large p small n situations.
ON-CAPILLARY RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF NUCLEOSIDE /BORATE COMPLEXES SEPARATED BY ISOTACHOPHORESIS

On-capillary normal Raman spectroscopy with 532 nm excitation is . used as a detection method for capillary isotachophoresis ITP of the nucleosides: adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, and uridine. The compounds are separated as their borate complexes between leading electrolyte 0.1 M Cl y , pH 7.5, and terminating . y electrolyte 0.1 M B OH , pH 10. The Raman spectra of the nucleosiderborate 4 complexes are presented. Additionally, Raman spectra are obtained from sepa- X . rated adenosine and adenosine 5 -triphosphate ATP . Starting concentrations in the range 5.0 = 10 y6 )5 = 10 y4 M are employed. Preconcentration factors of at least 10 3 are observed. Q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 10: 449)453, 1998
P2.14: Characterization of the thermionic electron emission properties of nitrogen-incorporated “ridged” nanodiamond for use in thermal energy conversion

The thermal electron emission of “ridged” type nanocrystalline diamond films has been characterized for use in thermal energy conversion via thermionic emission.
On spectral theory for Schrödinger operators with strongly singular potentials

We examine two kinds of spectral theoretic situations: First, we recall the case of self-adjoint half-line Schrodinger operators on [a , ∞), a ∈ ℝ, with a regular finite end point a and the case of Schrodinger operators on the real line with locally integrable potentials, which naturally lead to Herglotz functions and 2 × 2 matrix-valued Herglotz functions representing the associated Weyl–Titchmarsh coefficients. Second, we contrast this with the case of self-adjoint half-line Schrodinger operators on (a , ∞) with a potential strongly singular at the end point a . We focus on situations where the potential is so singular that the associated maximally defined Schrodinger operator is self-adjoint (equivalently, the associated minimally defined Schrodinger operator is essentially selfadjoint) and hence no boundary condition is required at the finite end point a . For this case we show that the Weyl–Titchmarsh coefficient in this strongly singular context still determines the associated spectral function, but ceases to posses the Herglotz property. However, as will be shown, Herglotz function techniques continue to play a decisive role in the spectral theory for strongly singular Schrodinger operators. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Skyrme model, the strong coupling theory and the static quark model

Abstract We show that to leading order in the quark number N , the Skyrme model, the strong coupling theory and the static quark model share a common underlying symmetry group.
Choroidal metastasis from primary ovarian carcinoma.

Abstract We report the second case in the literature of a recurrent Stage III papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary that presented as a choroidal metastasis.
Structures, energetics and fragmentation pathways of CnH22+ carbodications

Potential energy curves have been calculated for CnH22+ (n = 2−9) ions and results have been compared with data on unimolecular charge-separation reactions obtained by Rabrenovic and Beynon. Geometry-optimized, minimum energy, linear CnH22+ structures have been computed for ground and low-lying excited states. These carbodications exist in stable configurations with well depths greater than 3 eV. Decomposition pathways into singly charged fragment ions lead to products with computed kinetic energies in excess of 1 eV. A high degree of correlation exists between experimental information and results computed for linear CnH22+ structures having hydrogen atoms on each end. The exception involves C4H22+ reactions where a low-lying doubly charged isomer must be invoked to rationalize the experimental data.
An Electrostatic-Tube Storage System

A storage system which will store binary (on or off) pulses has been constructed, and should prove useful in laboratory studies of certain communication problems. The system comprises two storage channels, each utilizing an MIT electrostatic storage tube and switching circuits which route incoming pulses into one channel while stored pulses are being recovered from the other. Pulses are stored in each tube in a square array of discrete spots of charge; each spot may assume one of two possible potentials, corresponding to the two possible states of a binary pulse. The order of occurrence of incoming pulses is preserved during storage, but the time relationship is not; the time relationship of pulses recovered from storage is determined by an independent pulse source under control of the user. Consequently, the system may be used to compress, expand, or delay a group of pulses. The capacity of each storage channel is, at present, 256 pulses. The system operates reliably at all frequencies up to 33 kc when storing incoming pulses and up to 70 kc when supplying stored pulses.
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection without atrial septal defect.

Abstract Twenty cases of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection without an associated atrial septal defect have been reviewed in regard to clinical findings, hemodynamic and angiographic observations and surgical therapy. Of particular interest was the finding of a correlation between the QRS configuration in lead V 1 and the site of drainage of the anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The presence of an rsR′ QRS pattern in this lead was most frequently associated with drainage of the anomalous pulmonary veins into the superior vena cava or right atrium, whereas a terminal S wave in this lead was found only in those patients with an anomalous connection of the pulmonary veins to the inferior vena cava. Large left to right shunts with pulmonary-systemic flow ratios of greater than 2.0 were noted in 7 patients, all of whom had a complete anomalous connection of one lung.
Electron transfer photochemistry of bridged allylcyclopropane systems: novel substitution products via deprotonation

The electron transfer photochemistry of three rigid, bridged allylcyclopropane systems, 3-carene (1), tricyclo[4.3.1.01,6]dec-3-ene (2) and tricyclo[4.4.1.01,6]undeca-3,8-diene (3), is shown to take an unprecedented course: the major products are novel ‘substitution’ products, in which a hydrogen at an allylic carbon (C2) of the substrate has been replaced by the p-cyanophenyl group. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.