cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From magician to metal brain: the embodiment of illusion in early European film theory

AbstractThis article engages with a pervasive leitmotif within the criticism and theory of early European cinema: the increasingly corporeal situation of cinematic illusion. In particular, this text investigates a crucial shift from the mode of the ‘cinema of attractions’, into an account of film which demands a much more comprehensive implication of the human perceiver into the diegesis of the film. By first examining the broad terrain of illusion of the former tradition exemplified by cinemagician Georges Melies and his deployment of the precedent of the phantasmagoric deceptions of the nineteenth century, this investigation turns to the case study of a crucial but largely neglected film by Jean Renoir, La Petite Marchande d'Allumettes/The Little Match Girl (1928), a work which seems, in startlingly innovative ways, to dramatise and ground in cinematic production the transformation of bodily realities so central to contemporary theoretical debates. This remarkable film, suffused with archaic and modern ...
Accuracy of Screening for Inhalational Anthrax after a Bioterrorist Attack

Although the clinical features of inhalational anthrax overlap with those of common viral respiratory infections, some features are characteristic of anthrax. A triage algorithm based on these feat...
Cesium chloride gradient centrifugation improves the quality of total RNA preparations from the gastropod Strombus gigas and the coral Montastraea faveolata

Abstract RNA preparation from marine invertebrate samples including gastropods and cnidarians is often difficult, producing low-purity RNA samples that perform poorly in downstream procedures. This is increasingly problematic given the current interest in transcriptional studies of marine invertebrates. We report an RNA preparation method using a phenol/chloroform extraction followed by CsCl gradient centrifugation, modified from previous reports and adapted for a modern benchtop ultracentrifuge. This method produced improved spectrophotometric indicators of RNA quality (A260/A280 and A260/A230) for Strombus gigas Linnaeus, 1758, testis samples and improved RNA integrity number (RIN) for Montastraea faveolata Ellis, 1786, samples, relative to a preparation procedure that relies solely on chemical extraction of RNA. Rate of success in microarray labeling reactions was slightly, but not significantly, improved following CsCl gradient centrifugation. A real-time RT-PCR assay performed using CsCl-prepared samples was efficient (92.5%) and produced consistent and reproducible results.
Tales of dissemination in small-farm agriculture: Lessons for institution builders

Abstract This article describes patterns that are discernible across a dozen cases of good micro performance in agricultural research and extension in poverty-stricken Northeast Brazil — research meant to contribute toward a more grounded approach to remedying the problem of mediocre performance of these institutions elsewhere. The good performances involved the presence of demanding “user” agencies outside extension and research; shorter time horizons and more focused tasks; localized credit subsidies with automatic sunset provisions and penalties for nonperformance; a strong presence of municipal elites, normally avoided in the design of such programs; and an equally strong and complementary presence of more centralized public sector actors.
"Spinolaminar breach": an important sign in cervical spinous process fractures.

Objective. To report the sign of ”spinolaminar breach” and its likely importance in fractures of the cervical spinous processes.
Potential beneficial uses of steel slag wastes for civil engineering purposes

This communication reports efforts to assist the nigerian steel industry to ease to problem of waste disposal. An effort has been made to make their slag potentially useful in civil engineering with, hopefully, some revenue earned from the disposal of the now unwanted material
Graph sampling: Estimation of degree distributions

Online social networks and the World Wide Web lead to large underlying graphs that might not be completely known because of their size. To compute reliable statistics, we have to resort to sampling the network. In this paper, we investigate four network sampling methods to estimate the network degree distribution and the so-called biased degree distribution of a 3.7 million wireless subscriber network. We measure the quality of our estimates of the degree distributions by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. Among all four sampling methods, node sampling yields Pareto optimal sample sizes in terms of the Kolomogorov-Smirnov statistic for the degree distribution, while node-by-edge sampling yields optimal sample sizes for the biased distribution. We also find that random walk sampling performs better than the Metropolis-Hastings random walk.
1,3-Cyclohexadiene Polymers. 2. Near-Monodisperse Star and Star-Block Polymers Based on Poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene)

The synthesis of well-defined, near-monodisperse, three-arm star and star-block copolymers based on poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene) (PCHD) is described. The stars were prepared by the reaction of living anionic chain ends of PCHD, poly(styrene−1,3-cyclohexadiene) (PS-PCHD), and poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene−styrene) (PCHD-PS) with CH3SiCl3 in benzene. 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) was used to control the anionic polymerization of 1,3-CHD; it also acted as a promoter during the linking reaction. The star polymers were fractionated to remove excess arm material and thoroughly characterized by size exclusion chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and light scattering.
Are Spartina Marshes a Replaceable Resource? A Functional Approach to Evaluation of Marsh Creation Efforts

Marsh creation has come into increasing use as a measure to mitigate loss of valuable wetlands. However, few programs have addressed the functional ecological equivalence of man-made marshes and their natural counterparts. This study addresses structural and functional interactions in a man-made and two natural marshes. This was done by integrating substrate characteristics and marsh utilization by organisms of two trophic levels. Sediment properties, infaunal community composition, andFundulus heteroclitus marsh utilization were compared for a man-madeSpartina salt marsh (between ages 1 to 3 yr) in Dills Creek, North Carolina, and adjacent natural marshes to the east and west. East natural marsh and planted marsh sediment grain-size distributions were more similar to each other than to the west natural marsh due to shared drainage systems, but sediment organic content of the planted marsh was much lower than in either natural marsh. This difference was reflected in macrofaunal composition. Natural marsh sediments were inhabited primarily by subsurface, deposit-feeding oligochaetes whereas planted marsh sediments were dominated by the tube-building, surface-deposit feeding polychaetesStreblospio benedicti andManayunkia aestuarina. Infaunal differences were mirrored inFundulus diets. Natural marsh diets contained more detritus and insects, because oligochaetes, though abundant, were relatively inaccessible. Polychaetes and algae were major constituents of the planted marshFundulus diet. Though naturalmarsh fish may acquire a potentially less nutritive, detritus-based diet relative to the higher animal protein diet of the planted marsh fish,Fundulus abundances were markedly lower in the planted marsh than in the natural marshes, indicating fewer fish were being supported. LowerSpartina stem densities in the planted marsh may have provided inadequate protection from predation or insufficient spawning sites for the fundulids. After three years, the planted marsh remained functionally distinct from the adjacent natural marshes. Mitigation success at Dills Creek could have been improved by increasing tidal flushing, thereby enhancing, access to marine organisms and by mulching withSpartina wrack to increase sediment organic-matter content and porosity. Results from this study indicate that salt marshes should not be treated as a replaceable resource in the short term. The extreme spatial and temporal variability inherent to salt marshes make it virtually impossible to exactly replace a marsh by planting one on another site.
Interactive lighting manipulation application on GPU

We present a technique for relighting an image such that different areas of the image are illuminated with different combinations of lighting directions. The key idea is to capture illumination data using a lighting apparatus system such as Hawkins et al. [2004], calculate radial basis function interpolation of light constraints specified by users and render the calculated illumination result in realtime using GPU. The application can simulate the result of unnatural lighting conditions, for example, the image of a whole face lit from per pixel view dependence reflection angles or from gazing angles (see Fig. 1, a). The application can also render a high-resolution result at 1920 x 1080 in three to four minutes.
Oral health problems and mortality.

Background/purpose Previous studies have shown the relationship between individual oral health conditions and mortality; however, the relationship between mortality and multiple oral health conditions has not been examined. This study investigates the link between individual oral health problems and oral comorbidity and mortality risk.
Optical Arrays For Future Astronomical Telescopes In Space

NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center is currently evaluating several advanced optical space telescope concepts for the achievement of both higher sensitivity and greater angular resolution than the Hubble Space Telescope; their designs encompass one- and two-dimensional coherent arrays of mirrors in both focal and afocal configurations. Attention is given to those arrays that appear capable of fabrication and orbital deployment by the year 2005, and to the tradeoff involved between synthetic aperture concepts that furnish high angular resolution and those that yield sensitivity for faint, extended source imaging.
In vivo dynamics of CNS sensory arbor formation: a time-lapse study in the embryonic leech.

In the embryo of the leech Hirudo medicinalis, afferent projections of peripheral sensory neurons travel along common nerve tracts to the CNS, where they defasciculate, branch, and arborize into separate, modality-specific synaptic laminae. Previous studies have shown that this process requires, at least in part, the constitutive and then modality-specific glycosylations of tractin, a leech L1 homologue. We report here on the dynamics of growth of these projections as obtained by examining the morphology of single growing dye-filled sensory afferents as a function of time. Using 2-photon laser-scanning microscopy of the intact developing embryo, we obtained images of individual sensory projections at 3 to 30 min intervals, over several hours of growth, and at different stages of development. The time-lapse series of images revealed a highly dynamic and maturation-state-dependent pattern of growth. Upon entering the CNS, the growth cone-tipped primary axon sprouted numerous long filopodial processes, many of which appeared to undergo repeated cycles of extension and retraction. The growth cone was transformed into a sensory arbor through the formation of secondary branches that extended within the ganglionic neuropil along the anterior-posterior axis of the CNS. Numerous tertiary and quaternary processes grew from these branches and also displayed cycles of extension and retraction. The motility of these higher-order branches changed with age, with younger afferents displaying higher densities and greater motility than older, more mature sensory arbors. Finally, coincident with a reduction in higher order projections was the appearance of concavolar structures on the secondary processes. Rows of these indentations suggest the formation of presynaptic en-passant specializations accompanying the developmental onset of synapse formation.
Detecting Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks Using Kolmogorov Complexity Metrics

This paper describes an approach to detecting distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks that is based on fundamentals of Information Theory, specifically Kolmogorov Complexity. A theorem derived using principles of Kolmogorov Complexity states that the joint complexity measure of random strings is lower than the sum of the complexities of the individual strings when the strings exhibit some correlation. Furthermore, the joint complexity measure varies inversely with the amount of correlation. We propose a distributed active network-based algorithm that exploits this property to correlate arbitrary traffic flows in the network to detect possible denial-of-service attacks. One of the strengths of this algorithm is that it does not require special filtering rules and hence it can be used to detect any type of DDoS attack. We implement and investigate the performance of the algorithm in an active network. Our results show that DDoS attacks can be detected in a manner that is not sensitive to legitimate background traffic.
The prognostic value of presenting serum LDH in non-Hodgkinlymphoma

The parents of the propositi had normal circulating calcium and inorganic phosphate values. X-linked recessive inheritance of IHP seemed well established, although none of the affected male subjects had children so thai mate-to-male transmission could be excluded or their daughters could be shown to be carriers. Peden suggested that sex-linked transmission might be the most common pattern of inheritance tbr IHP presenting in infancy. Our findings support Peden's conclusions. X-linked recessive inheritance seems certain for IHP in the kindred reported herein. Although we too did not have the opportunity to observe absence of male-to-male transmission or an obligate carrier state for IHP in the daughters of affected men to support sex-linked inheritance, IHP was confirmed in male members of three generations and almost certainly affected infant boys in four generations. There was no history of seizures or other problems to suggest IHP in female family members. Normal circulating calcium, inorganic phosphate, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone values in the propositi's mother further supported sex-linked recessive inheritance; her unremarkable biochemical values and normal X chromosome morphology suggest that carriers cannot be readily identified. Provocative tests, however, such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid infusion, 4 were not used to study parathyroid hormone reserve. Although it is remarkable that both reports of X-linked recessive IHP should come from St. Louis, we could find no evidence that we and Peden had studied the same kindred. The nosology Of hypoparathyroidi sm is complex and incomplete?. 2. s In addition to a variety of problems characterized by transient hypoparathyroidi sm, persistent IHP can occur in infancy. Although most cases of IHP reported in infancy are sporadic, some are inherited; both autosomal dominant 6 and X-linked recessive 3 patterns occur. Pediatricians must be aware of this familial nature of IHP since screening of new or old family members could uncover a disorder with serious consequences if untreated.
IBM system z10 support for large pages

The IBM System z10™ mainframe provides an architectural framework for 1-MB virtual pages. With the new support provided in z/OS® 1.9, these large pages can be transparently used by middleware and applications. The use of large virtual memory pages for storage allocated at addresses above 2 GB can deliver significant performance gains. This paper reviews computer architecture trends and describes various implementations of large pages across the industry to explain why large pages are needed in today's operating system environments. It also reports results from innovative work focused on which workloads are subject to the largest performance boost from the use of large pages and how large-page support has been implemented on the System z10 platform and in the z/OS operating system. Results from recent performance tests are presented and analyzed.
Use of bioresorbable plating systems in paediatric mandible fractures

Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the use of bioresorbable plating systems in the rigid fixation of paediatric mandible fractures. Patients and methods Our series consists of fifteen paediatric patients (11 male, 4 female, average age 8.13 years) with mandible fractures of varying severity treated with bioresorbable plates over a 54-month period at our institution. Fractures of the ramus, body, parasymphysis, and symphysis were treated by one surgeon with open reduction and internal fixation with 1.5 mm and 2 mm resorbable plates and monocortical screws, using 3 different plating systems, each with differing polymer concentrations of polyglycolic and poly- l -lactic acid. The patients were followed with respect to the following clinical categories: fracture location, postoperative occlusion, maximum interincisal opening (MIO), segmental mobility at the fracture site, and any abnormal swelling at the operative site. Results Our data shows a stable occlusion and maximum interincisal opening of thirty millimetres or greater was achieved in 14 of 15 patients seen in follow up, with 8 patients having an MIO of 40 mm or greater. No segmental mobility noted at any of the fracture sites. Thirteen patients had no postoperative sequelae or implant related complications. Two patients developed a seroma-like collection at the operative site. Postoperative films starting at 1 year showed significant bony osseous fill where the previous screw sites were located. Conclusions In our case series we found that the use of resorbable polyglycolic and poly- l -lactic acid plating systems when combined with a brief postoperative period of intermaxillary fixation is an effective method of internal fixation for mandibular fractures in the paediatric population.
Glutathione and hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity.

It is apparent that hepatic GSH may function in drug metabolism not only as a substrate for conjugation but also in regulation of cytochrome P-450 activity. The remarkable aspect of the latter activity is its specificity. Loss of hepatic GSH depresses N-demethylation of DAB while ring hydroxylation is unaffected. On the other hand, the effect is to some degree nonspecific in that control as well as PB- or MC-induced N-demethylation is inhibited. Thus the response may not simply be specific to one isozyme of cytochrome P-450 but may be associated with one aspect of the enzymic activity of several cytochrome P-450 isozymes (i.e., N-demethylation). We have postulated that sensitivity of this activity to lipid peroxidation underlies the relationship to GSH since the tripeptide serves as a major protection against hepatic lipid peroxidation and its consequences. It is as yet not clear as to how or why this particular aspect of P-450 activity is more sensitive to lipid peroxidation than are other activities such as ring hydroxylation. Ongoing investigations include attempts to identify the cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s) which inhibit this response to GSH depletion. GSH-lipid peroxidation relationships have already been reported with isolated hepatocytes, and there may be a possible connection between this and the relative instability of cytochrome P-450 in cultured hepatocytes. Another factor which may be involved is heme oxygenase activity, which is markedly induced in the liver after GSH depletion, after cobalt administration (which also depresses cytochrome P-450 activity), and during incubation of isolated hepatocytes. This enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in heme breakdown and may contribute to the loss of cytochrome P-450 activity associated with GSH depletion.
Identification of optimal wind farm sites for a high wind penetration future

A very high wind penetration future will require the use of a great deal of land. After the best wind farm sites have been exploited, wind farm developers will have to balance the need for strong winds with the cost of generation interconnection transmission and with the capacity of the bulk transmission system. A method is proposed to identify the optimal locations for large numbers of new wind farms, which balances localized transmission investment costs, capacity factors of candidate sites, and availability of transmission capacity. A model of the state of Iowa is used to test this method for a variety of future wind penetration levels, and the results are discussed.
Mole. A system for quantum chemistry I. general description

A Quantum Chemistry System is proposed as a solution to the problem of implementing new techniques to study molecular structure. The criteria for such a system are described and the MOLE Quantum Chemistry System is presented as a demonstration of the utility of this approach. No particular bias towards any one technique (including choice of basis functions) has enabled MOLE to be quite general. It is designed for use on all current large-scale computing equipment. A general description of the applications sub-programs is also provided to show the range of application of this concept.
Regulation of mammalian nucleotide metabolism and biosynthesis

Nucleotides are required for a wide variety of biological processes and are constantly synthesized de novo in all cells. When cells proliferate, increased nucleotide synthesis is necessary for DNA replication and for RNA production to support protein synthesis at different stages of the cell cycle, during which these events are regulated at multiple levels. Therefore the synthesis of the precursor nucleotides is also strongly regulated at multiple levels. Nucleotide synthesis is an energy intensive process that uses multiple metabolic pathways across different cell compartments and several sources of carbon and nitrogen. The processes are regulated at the transcription level by a set of master transcription factors but also at the enzyme level by allosteric regulation and feedback inhibition. Here we review the cellular demands of nucleotide biosynthesis, their metabolic pathways and mechanisms of regulation during the cell cycle. The use of stable isotope tracers for delineating the biosynthetic routes of the multiple intersecting pathways and how these are quantitatively controlled under different conditions is also highlighted. Moreover, the importance of nucleotide synthesis for cell viability is discussed and how this may lead to potential new approaches to drug development in diseases such as cancer.
Nonlinear optics: Towards polaritonic logic circuits

The demonstration of a microcavity polariton switch and logic gate that can be controlled by the polarization state of light suggests that a new class of integrated optical devices with highly efficient, ultrafast operation and small footprints may soon be within reach.
Logistic analysis of channel pattern thresholds: meandering, braiding, and incising

A large and geographically diverse data set consisting of meandering, braiding, incising, and post-incision equilibrium streams was used in conjunction with logistic regression analysis to develop a probabilistic approach to predicting thresholds of channel pattern and instability. An energy-based index was developed for estimating the risk of channel instability associated with specific stream power relative to sedimentary characteristics. The strong significance of the 74 statistical models examined suggests that logistic regression analysis is an appropriate and effective technique for associating basic hydraulic data with various channel forms. The probabilistic diagrams resulting from these analyses depict a more realistic assessment of the uncertainty associated with previously identified thresholds of channel form and instability and provide a means of gauging channel sensitivity to changes in controlling variables.
Pregnancies complicated by HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term prognosis.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term maternal prognosis in women with HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) during the index pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This is a descriptive and analytic study of women with HELLP syndrome admitted to E.H. Crump Women's Hospital between August 1977 and July 1992. HELLP syndrome was defined by previously published laboratory criteria. Only patients who were delivered > 2 years ago were included (median 4 years, range 2 to 14 years). Date on these patients were obtained from our obstetric clinics, local physicians, local health departments, and hospital records. RESULTS: Adequate follow-up data were available on 341 patients. One hundred fifty-two women subsequently became pregnant. One hundred thirty-nine normotensive women had 192 subsequent pregnancies. Complications included preeclampsia (19%), preterm delivery (21%), intrauterine growth restriction (12%), abruptio placentae (2%), perinatal death (4%), and HELLP syndrome (3%). Seven of the 113 women with at least 5 years' follow-up (6.2%) had chronic hypertension, and 98 received oral contraceptive pills without complications. Thirteen women with preexisting chronic hypertension had 20 subsequent pregnancies. These women had a higher rate of preeclampsia (75%), preterm delivery (80%), intrauterine growth restriction (45%), abruptio placentae (20%), and perinatal death (40%) but a low rate of recurrent HELLP syndrome (5%). CONCLUSIONS: Women with HELLP syndrome have an increased risk of obstetric complications in future pregnancies but a low risk for recurrent HELLP syndrome. Oral contraceptive pills should not be contraindicated in normotensive women.
ShrinkWrap: Compiler-Enabled Optimization and Customization of Soft Memory Interconnects

Today's FPGAs lack dedicated on-chip memory interconnects, requiring users to (1) rely on inefficient, general-purpose solutions, or (2) tediously create an application-specific memory interconnect for each target platform. The CoRAM architecture, which offers a general-purpose abstraction for FPGA memory management, encodes high-level application information that can be exploited to generate customized soft memory interconnects. This paper describes the ShrinkWrap Compiler, which analyzes a CoRAM application for its connectivity and bandwidth requirements, enabling synthesis of highly-tuned area-efficient soft memory interconnects.
Synthesis of L10 ferromagnetic CoPt nanopowders using a single-source molecular precursor and water-soluble support

Reductive decomposition of CoPt(CO)4(dppe)Me/NaCl composite powder (2 : 98 CoPt precursor : NaCl mass ratio) at 650 °C under getter gas (9 : 1 N2/H2) gives black CoPt/NaCl nanocomposites with minimal CoPt nanoparticle coalescence. Aqueous dissolution of the NaCl support permits isolation of ferromagnetic L10 CoPt nanoparticles of ca. 11 nm average diameter as free-flowing black powders. As-prepared CoPt nanopowders exhibit moderate coercivity (4.0 kOe) at 300 K and high coercivity (26.0 kOe) at 5 K consistent with formation of polydisperse L10 CoPt nanoparticles having high purity and high crystallinity. Co1Pt1 nanoparticles are formed with good control of alloy stoichiometry using a single-source precursor by a convenient, scalable single-step process.
Benzimidazole and related ligands for cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition

Tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amines have been found to be superior accelerating ligands for the copper(I)-catalyzed azide−alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Candidates bearing different benzimidazole N-substituents as well as benzothiazole and pyridyl ligand arms were evaluated by absolute rate measurements under relatively dilute conditions by aliquot quenching kinetics and by relative rate measurements under concentrated conditions by reaction calorimetry. Benzimidazole-based ligands with pendant alkylcarboxylate arms proved to be advantageous in the latter case. The catalyst system was shown to involve more than one active species, providing a complex response to changes in pH and buffer salts and the persistence of high catalytic rate in the presence of high concentrations of coordinating ligands. The water-soluble ligand (BimC4A)3 was found to be especially convenient for the rapid and high-yielding synthesis of several functionalized triazoles with 0.01−0.5 mol % Cu.
Evolving paradigms in the pathogenesis of IBD

The pathogenesis of all immune-mediated inflammatory diseases has been carefully studied over the past several decades, but it is only recently that we have come to appreciate common pathways and genes. This is especially true for the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, where a keener appreciation of the contributions of genetics, environment, and immune response have been dissected. In fact, in many ways, IBD has become the model for studying such disorders. The complex nature of interactions is continuing to be defined, and novel therapies targeting defects in these interactions have been developed and are being tested in the clinic. The era of bench to bedside has finally matured, and cures for debilitating diseases are now in sight. This review describes our current state of knowledge of each component of IBD pathogenesis. What has evolved is a clearer picture and novel targets for therapy.
The classic reprint: Why I hate the index finger by William L. White originally published in Orthopaedic Review 9:23-29, 1980.

In 1980, William White published a paper “Why I Hate the Index Finger”. The National Library of Medicine never indexed it so it has been missing for almost 30 years. It is reprinted here for the benefit of the current generation of hand surgeons.
Cytochrome oxidase activity during diapause and metamorphosis of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman.

1. Determinations were made on the activity of cytochrome oxidase of individual Japanese beetles during growth, diapause, and metamorphosis. All readings were made on homogenates at a dilution of 1:1,000, except for adult beetles, when the final dilution was 1:10,000. 2. The activity of the enzyme increased during larval growth from a low value of 0.022 in the second instar, to high values ranging from 0.074 to 0.083 in diapause third instar larvae. 3. The high activity of cytochrome oxidase during larval diapause indicates that this condition may be physiologically different from that occurring in the egg or pupal stages of most other insects. 4. During metamorphosis, the activity of cytochrome oxidase follows the characteristic U-shaped curve associated with respiratory metabolism. It thus appears that most of the oxidation occurring in metamorphosing individuals is mediated through the cytochrome system. 5. The activity of cytochrome oxidase is significantly higher in the adult male than it is in the adult female; the values (calculated on the basis of a 1:1,000 dilution) were 0.40 ± 0.028 and 0.25 ± 0.012, respectively.
Regulation of embryonic neurotransmitter and tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels by ascorbic acid

Abstract Scope: Ascorbic acid (ascorbate) is required to recycle tetrahydrobiopterin, which is necessary for neurotransmitter synthesis by the rate-limiting enzymes tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases. We sought to determine whether ascorbate might regulate embryonic brain cortex monoamine synthesis utilizing transgenic mouse models with varying intracellular ascorbate levels. Methods and results: In embryos lacking the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2), very low levels of brain ascorbate decreased cortex levels of norepinephrine and dopamine by approximately 33%, but had no effect on cortex serotonin or its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid. This decrease in ascorbate also led to a decrease in protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, but not of tryptophan hydroxylase. Increased cortex ascorbate in embryos carrying extra copies of the SVCT2 resulted in increased levels of dopamine and its metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), as well as serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid. Conclusion: The dependence of embryonic brain cortex neurotransmitter synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase expression on intracellular ascorbate emphasizes the importance of receiving adequate ascorbate during development.
Aortic flow velocity patterns in chronic aortic regurgitation: Implications for Doppler echocardiography

Aortic regurgitation is associated with retrograde diastolic flow in the aorta. Echocardiographic quantitative analysis of the magnitude of the flow reversal is believed to provide an estimate of severity of regurgitant disease despite variations in flow profiles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the uniformity of flow patterns in the aorta of patients with aortic regurgitation and to investigate the relationship between these profiles and the echocardiographic estimates of flow reversal. Seventeen patients with chronic aortic regurgitation underwent cine-phase magnetic resonance imaging in an axial section through the ascending and descending aorta. The regurgitant fraction in the ascending aorta 4 cm above the aortic valve and the descending aorta were calculated from the velocity maps. These results were compared with data from nine individual sample volumes in the ascending and descending aorta. The magnetic resonance ascending aortic regurgitant fraction was compared with Doppler echocardiographic descending aortic flow velocity patterns. The descending aortic regurgitant fraction correlated only weakly with the ascending aortic regurgitant fraction (descending aortic regurgitant fraction = 0.62% ascending aortic regurgitant fraction + 0.04%; r = 0.75; p < 0.001). Regurgitant proportions in all sample volumes in the descending aorta, but not in the ascending aorta, were significantly related to the ascending aortic regurgitant fraction. The best descending aortic Doppler echocardiographic parameter for predicting ascending aortic regurgitant fraction was the end-diastolic velocity (end-diastolic velocity = 32.2 cm/sec. ascending aortic regurgitant fraction + 1.4 cm/sec; r = 0.94; p < 0.001). Pulsedwave Doppler sampling of descending aortic flow reflects severity of aortic regurgitant disease, in part the result of more uniform blood-velocity profiles in the descending aorta compared with the ascending aorta. The Doppler end-diastolic velocity in the descending aorta is a useful parameter of severity of aortic regurgitation.
A mantle or mafic crustal source for Proterozoic anorthosites

Abstract Calculations of fractional crystallization (FC) and assimilation fractional crystallization (AFC) at 11 kb for a variety of primitive magmatic compositions and a mafic assimilant demonstrate that none of them has a bulk composition suitable to be parental to massif anorthosites. Mafic compositions thought to be parental to massif anorthosites have Mg′ values of 0.6 to 0.4 and form coherent arrays with moderately steep slopes on plots of TiO2, K2O, and P2O5 versus Mg′. The calculated liquid lines of descent (LLD) of basaltic magmas undergoing FC or AFC processes pass through the arrays of anorthosite parent magma compositions with much shallower slopes than the natural arrays, which indicates that the arrays of natural parental magmas were produced by a process other than FC/AFC. Also, by the time most crystallizing basaltic magmas with or without assimilation reach plagioclase saturation, their residual liquids have Mg′ values that are too low to be parental to anorthosites. MORB-like olivine tholeiites and high-aluminum olivine tholeiites (HAOT) from convergent plate margins do reach plagioclase saturation while sufficiently magnesian, but their Wo (Wollastonite) contents are too high such that they reach plagioclase saturation coexisting only with augite and do not reach orthopyroxene saturation (if at all) until Mg′ is too low. Calculations show it is not possible to produce a high-Al melt from typical mantle peridotites that has sufficient TiO2 to make andesine-type anorthosite. Calculation of partial melting for an average mafic crustal composition at 11 kbar provides a much closer match to the array of natural parental compositions in terms of minor element concentrations and proportions of mineral components. However, accounting for the entire array requires a more magnesian source composition. Such compositions exist in several crustal xenolith localities. Similar results were obtained using the bulk composition of the Stillwater Complex, which is used as a model mafic source (here the premise is that overdense crustal intrusions might sink back into the mantle). As with the terrain composition, this particular layered intrusion composition is not sufficiently magnesian, however, the fit improves when mixtures of early and late stage portions of the complex (i.e., the denser portions) were run as potential source regions.
Nucleation and growth effects in thin ferromagnetic sheets: A review focusing on surface energy-induced secondary recrystallization

The anisotropic magnetic behavior of most ferromagnetic materials usually dictates that some controlled crystal texture formation be developed during the material processing stage. Suitable textures can occur through appropriate schedules of deformation and recrystallization. In addition, secondary recrystallization through inclusion and/or texture inhibited primary growth has been used. For materials processed into thin sheets (≰0.6 mm), the additional process of secondary recrystallization induced by surface energy differences was observed a number of years ago. This article focuses primarily on this latter process, in particular on iron-base bodycentered cubic (bcc) alloys. Evidence for the role of adsorbed sulfur in this process, as observed through radioactive tracer, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and other studies, is discussed. Other possible adsorbing species are analyzed. The advantages and limitations of textures formed in this manner for magnetic applications are covered as well as the extension of this secondary recrystallization process to other systems and other applications.
Penalized regression and risk prediction in genome-wide association studies

An important task in personalized medicine is to predict disease risk based on a person's genome, e.g. on a large number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) make SNP and phenotype data available to researchers. A critical question for researchers is how to best predict disease risk. Penalized regression equipped with variable selection, such as LASSO and SCAD, is deemed to be promising in this setting. However, the sparsity assumption taken by the LASSO, SCAD and many other penalized regression techniques may not be applicable here: it is now hypothesized that many common diseases are associated with many SNPs with small to moderate effects. In this article, we use the GWAS data from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) to investigate the performance of various unpenalized and penalized regression approaches under true sparse or non-sparse models. We find that in general penalized regression outperformed unpenalized regression; SCAD, TLP and LASSO performed best for sparse models, while elastic net regression was the winner, followed by ridge, TLP and LASSO, for non-sparse models.
Defining a faceted generalized cylinder by projections of cross sections

Abstract Traditionally a faceted model of a generalized cylinder has been defined using a three-dimensional curve with local coordinate systems along the curve to position cross sections. The local coordinate systems along the curve are given by the Frenet trihedron which is used to position the given cross section. An alternative to this construction procedure would be a technique that projects cross sections from one construction plane to another. This projection technique could be used in defining many objects in the class of generalized cylinders. The technique uses a mitered development along with a polygonal approximation of the defining axis curve.
Contamination of intradermal skin test syringes

Syringes used in intradermal skin testing have commonly been used for multiple patients. Recently the safety of this practice was questioned, raising the possibility that these syringes may transmit disease from one patient to another. Since this practice is so widespread and because of a scarcity of articles linking the spread of disease with this practice, we repeated these studies and performed other experiments to test this hypothesis. With the use of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and tritiated thymidine, we found contamination of syringe contents that indicated a clear potential for common syringes to spread disease. These studies and studies reported elsewhere suggest that common syringes should not be used in skin testing.
SUBCHANNEL FLOW AND ENTHALPY DISTRIBUTIONS AT THE EXIT OF A TYPICAL NUCLEAR FUEL CORE GEOMETRY.

Abstract Simultaneous measurements of flow and enthalpy were made at the exits of two subchannels in a sixteen rod electrically heated full-scale model of a typical LWR fuel rod geometry. Experimental data were obtained for conditions of both subcooled and bulk boiling, and were compared to predictions by the COBRA-II subchannel computer analysis to assess the applicability of the code, and to approximately determine the extent of cross channel turbulent mixing.
Fabrication of 90-m length Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + x Ag-sheathed superconducting tapes

Abstract Initial results of a 90-m length Ag-sheathed Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1 Cu 2 O 8+ x (Bi-2212) tape prepared by the oxide-powder-in-tube method are described. The transport J c of one 90-m length tape measured in 10-m length sections was ~20,000 A/cm 2 at 4.2 K. The J c of this tape was reduced to ~40% of expected values because the tape was processed in close contact with a ceramic cloth, rather than freestanding. Transport J c s of 10-m sections of the 90-m length tape were uniform within ~10% variation. Unique problems that must be addressed to obtain uniform property, 90-m length tapes include: (i) bubble defect formations, (ii) ~2 cm interval “kinks”, and (iii) effusion of melted oxides out of the Agsheathed tape. Possible solutions to these problems are suggested.
Molecular screening for GS2 lipase regulators: inhibition of keratinocyte retinylester hydrolysis by TIP47.

Retinoic acid at nanomolar concentrations modulates epidermal functions by serving as a transcription factor ligand. Under conditions of retinol sufficiency, it is imperative to limit retinoic acid biosynthesis from serum-derived retinol. In the epidermis, this is accomplished by esterifying retinol with long-chain fatty acids. Retinylester (RE) pools serve as a source of retinol for retinoic acid production under retinol deficiency and when required for proper differentiation. We have recently reported that GS2 lipase is expressed in keratinocytes and has the enzymatic properties of keratinocyte RE hydrolase. As GS2 lipase has a robust activity that can affect the intracellular retinol levels, we postulated that its activity must be regulated. Therefore, we screened keratinocyte cDNA expression libraries for the putative inhibitor. Herein, we report the identity of an inhibitor, TIP47, which prevents RE hydrolysis catalyzed by GS2 lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase. This protein was known to transport mannose-6-phosphate receptors from endosome to trans-Golgi and to be distributed between the cytoplasm and lipid droplets. Using a series of deletion mutants, we found two regions involved in the inhibitory activity. Residues within the carboxyl α3–α4 helices are essential in the context of the full-length protein. Residues within the amino-terminal also contribute depending on the context.
Submucosal lipoma of the ileocecal valve causing intussusception and obstruction

Submucosal intestinal lipomas may be responsible for intussusception and mechanical obstruction of the bowel.
Quantitative Interpretation of K-Edge NEXAFS Data for Various Nickel Hydroxides and the Charged Nickel Electrode.

Abstract : A quantitative interpretation of Ni K-edge NEXAFS data for beta-Ni(OH)2, beta-NiOOH, and BaNiO3, and in situ data for a charged Ni electrode is reported. We have performed curve wave multiple scattering calculations utilizing the FBFF6 code on clusters approximating these materials. These theoretical results reproduce the experimental changes with oxidation remarkably well. Our interpretation of the NEXAFS line shape for the charged electrode indicates that large amounts of Ni+4 exists along with Ni+3.3, giving an average oxidation slightly greater than 3.5, consistent with that shown elsewhere from the edge shift data.
The measurement of the absolute transport efficiency for recoils from heavy ion reactions with He-JET systems

Abstract The complex problems involved in the transport of reaction recoils with He-jet systems have been investigated. The recoils 149,150,151 Dy produced in the reactions 141 Pr( 14 N; 6, 5, 4n) were stopped in He gas and transported with the He flow through teflon, stainless steel, and glass capillaries. From the recoils knocked out of the target, 65% were transported through a 0.86 mm i.d. teflon capillary of 5 m length, 75% through a 2.25 m stainless steel capillary. The dependence of the transport efficiency on various parameters was investigated. The transport efficiency was increased by a small amount of carbon tetrachloride injected into the target chamber. In order to transport the reaction products from the high pressure region necessary to stop the recoils into a low pressure region where in future experiments an ion source can be operated, various glass-capillary-skimmer systems and also a double vacuum chamber evacuated by booster jet pumps have been tested. With the glass-capillary-skimmer system and using differential pumping with mechanical pumps only, about 30% of the recoils were brought into a region with a 3 × 10 3 times smaller pressure. Using two booster pumps and the double vacuum chamber with one 1.5 mm brass skimmer, 46% of all the recoils were introduced into the second vacuum chamber where the pressure is 10 6 times smaller than in the target chamber. The opening angle of the cone into which the recoils from the He-jet are emitted has been measured by radiograms to be 3°. The double vacuum chamber was put on high potential during the operation without the occurrence of a gas discharge.
Does Chinese investment affect Sub-Saharan African growth?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on GDP growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with particular emphasis on Chinese FDI. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the growth accounting model, a dynamic GMM estimation is used. To compare the results with previous findings, the paper also uses OLS and fixed effect estimates. Findings – The paper finds that neither FDI net inflows in SSA nor Chinese FDI has a significant effect on economic growth in SSA. By testing other economic growth determinants in SSA countries based on growth accounting theory, the paper finds the change in capital stock per labor has a persistent and significant positive impact on growth in SSA. Originality/value – This study provides new evidence on the influence of Chinese FDI on the growth of the SSA economies. There are very few empirical studies that analyze the growth of the SSA economies from a macroeconomic perspective using a partial equilibrium model. This paper tests th...