cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DR-LINK System: Phase I Summary

The underlying principle of the DR-LINK System is that retrieval must be at the conceptual level, not the word level. That is, a successful retrieval system must retrieve on the basis of what people mean in their query, not just what they say in their query. The same is true of documents - their representation needs to capture the content at the conceptual level of expression. To accomplish this human-like goal, DR-LINK aims to represent and match documents and queries at all of the available levels of linguistic expression at which meaning is conveyed Accordingly, we have developed a modular system which processes, represents, and matches text at the lexical, syntactic, semantic, and discourse levels of language. In concert, these levels of representation permit DR-LINK to achieve a level of intelligent retrieval beyond more traditional approaches.
Prospective randomized trial of topical α-interferon (α-interferon gels) for the treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III

Twenty-one patients were prospectively randomized into a blinded double-armed crossover study comparing alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN, 10(6) IU in a 3.5% aqueous methylcellulose base) with and without 1% nonoxynol-9. Nine and twelve patients were randomized to arms with (+N) and without (-N) 1% nonoxynol-9, respectively. Patients applied the gel to affected areas every 8 hr and were evaluated biweekly. Including those crossed over, 14 patients were treated with -N. Six of fourteen (43%) achieved complete responses: biopsy proven with at least 1 year follow-up (CR). One patient achieved a partial response with at least a 50% reduction in the total surface area of all lesions present (PR). Similarly, 13 patients were treated with +N. Two patients in this group were found to have invasive cancer and one to have HIV and thus were eliminated from statistical analysis. Of the remaining 10 patients, 3 had CRs (30%), 5 had PRs (50%), and 2 failed to respond. There was no significant difference in responses between the two groups. Overall, 14 of 18 (67%) patients demonstrated some response to alpha-IFN applied topically. These data support the conclusion that alpha-IFN is an active agent in the treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III.
Surface antigen defects contributing to developmental failure in aggregateless variants of the slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum.

Abstract 1. 1. The procedure for obtaining antisera to wild type and variant strains of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum was described. 2. 2. Anti-D. discoideum w.t. serum was found to maximally agglutinate D. discoideum w.t., Agg 73, Agg 70, and Agg 53 amoebae but failed to agglutinate Agg 91 and Agg 89 amoebae. 3. 3. Anti-Agg 73 serum effected maximal agglutination of Agg 73 and D. discoideum w.t. amoebae but failed to effect agglutination of Agg 91 or Agg 89 amoebae. 4. 4. Anti-Agg 91 serum was found to slightly agglutinate Agg 91 and Agg 89 amoebae. However, such serum failed to agglutinate D. discoideum w.t. and Agg 73 amoebae. 5. 5. Anti-Agg 89 serum proved to be similar in activity to Agg 91 serum. 6. 6. It was suggested that the failure of the aggregateless variants to complete development is associated with aberrant surface changes.
Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray diffraction analysis of West Nile virus

West Nile virus, a human pathogen, is closely related to other medically important flaviviruses of global impact such as dengue virus. The infectious virus was purified from cell culture using polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and density-gradient centrifugation. Thin amorphously shaped crystals of the lipid-enveloped virus were grown in quartz capillaries equilibrated by vapor diffusion. Crystal diffraction extended at best to a resolution of about 25 A using synchrotron radiation. A preliminary analysis of the diffraction images indicated that the crystals had unit-cell parameters a approximately b approximately 480 A, gamma = 120 degrees , suggesting a tight hexagonal packing of one virus particle per unit cell.
Zinc, iron, and copper contents of eggs from hens fed varying levels of zinc

Abstract We wanted to determine whether eggs which contained more zinc could be produced by fortifying the diets of hens with zinc. In two studies, hens fed very high levels of zinc (1762 or 1861 μg Zn/g diet) for 4 to 40 weeks produced eggs that contained 57–90% more zinc than eggs produced by hens fed control diets (28 or 26 μg Zn/g diet). Hens fed high levels of zinc (218 or 257 μg Zn/g diet) produced eggs that contained as much as 25% more zinc than eggs produced by hens fed control diets. Ingestion of excess zinc did not have consistent effects on the iron or copper content of eggs or on the zinc content of eggshells.
The Λ4HeΛ4H binding energy difference

Abstract The Λ4HeΛ4H binding energy difference is studied using separable Λ-p and Λ-n interactions. The result of the exact 4-body calculation is found to be more than twice the result of an effective 2-body model calculation.
The fall and rise of the Third World

This article unravels an array of possibilities about the much-hyped Post-American World. Notwithstanding the current Wall Street financial meltdown, war against terrorism, globalization and echoes of the new Cold War, the developing nations, including India and China, continue to muddle through a schizophrenic phase of social development that warrants dispassionate analysis.
Peripheral nerve stimulator for the treatment of supraorbital neuralgia: a retrospective case series

Peripheral nerve blocks of the supraorbital, supratrochlear or occipital nerve have been utilized for the relief of headaches, although relief may be short-lasting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of supraorbital nerve stimulation for treatment of intractable supraorbital neuralgia. Patients presenting to the pain clinic with refractory frontal headaches who responded to a diagnostic supraorbital nerve block were selected for this case series. Patients underwent a trial of supraorbital nerve stimulation, and efficacy was assessed after 5-7 days (n = 16). From the trial, 10 patients consented to undergo permanent implantation of the stimulator. Opioid consumption and headache scores were monitored preoperatively and at timed intervals for 30 weeks. Headache scores decreased, and opioid consumption was reduced in half, and these beneficial accomplishments were maintained up to 30 weeks after implantation. In selected patients, supraorbital nerve stimulation for the treatment of chronic frontal headaches appears to be efficacious.
Comparative assessment of water use and environmental implications of coal slurry pipelines / Evaluation comparative de l'utilisation de l'eau et des implications pour l'environnement des pipelines de bouillie de charbon

Abstract One of the most talked about issues with respect to development, transportation, and conversion of the energy resources of the Western United States is the water requirement and its consequent impacts upon the ambience of that part of the country. In conjunction with other studies conducted by the US Geological Survey of water use in the conversion and transportation of the West's coal, an analysis of water use and environmental implications of coal slurry pipeline transport is presented. Simulations of a hypothetical slurry pipeline of 1000 mile length transporting 12.5 million tons per year indicate that pipeline costs and energy requirements are quite sensitive to the coal-to-water ratio. For realistic water prices, the optimal ratio will not vary far from the 50/50 ratio by weight. In comparison to other methods of energy conversion and transport, coal slurry pipelines utilize about a third of the amount of water required for coal gasification, and about a fifth of the amount required for ons...
Spatial correlations and growth in dilute gels

A series of dilute tetramethoxysilicon gels was made in order to study the spatial correlations that arise from the presence of solvent. Light-scattering measurements from these gels show a fractal structure on length scales as large as 1 \ensuremath{\mu}m. The short-length-scale fractal dimension differs from that observed for the connectivity transition at the gel point, indicating a crossover in universality class. Quasielastic light scattering measurements on the incipient gel demonstrate a critical slowing down in the relaxation of concentration fluctuations, causing frozen inhomogeneities in the final gels. Finally, the growth at early times, where the clusters are smaller than the spatial correlation length of the final gel, is shown to be exponential in time, in accord with models of aggregation. It is concluded that a kinetic model of gelation is needed to describe the short-length-scale structures observed in these gels.
THE THERMODYNAMIC AND PHYLOGENETIC FOUNDATIONS OF HUMAN WICKEDNESS

. The problem of evil is brought under the ambit of science by explicating the theological concept “sinful” in thermo-dynamic and phylogenetic terms, and the proposition “Homo sapiens is a sinful species” is established. By a like explication, the theological concept of the “Fall of man” is shown to be an amalgam of two concepts, Fall I and Fall II, of thermodynamic and anthropogenetic origins, respectively. Fall I affects all life; Fall II (“original sin”) affects Homo sapiens and its immediate forebears alone.
An improved method for electrophoretic characterization of globin chains from hemolyzates, purified hemoglobins, and fractions selected from chromatographic separations of chains.

Abstract Two procedures for separation of globin chains from hemoglobin by starch gel electrophoresis in 6 M urea in EDTA-borate-Tris buffer systems are described. The utility of the systems is demonstrated with comparisons to other approaches for analyzing hemoglobin chains (a) by characterizing the variant chain for several human hemoglobins using both hemolyzates and purified hemoglobins, (b) in determining the basis of the failure of canine chains to be resolved by the systems, (c) by deteeting probable nonheme proteins on CMC chromatograms of human globin chains, and (d) in characterizing certain “shadow” fractions as being generated from the major globin chains due to oxidation and/or carbamylation.
Evaluation and course of an unusual case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

We report a case of a 42-year-old Caucasian man who presented with isolated right ventricular failure and atrial fibrillation without ventricular arrhythmia. In this report, we describe accurate evaluation by MR imaging confirmed by histopathologic findings as well as imaging progression of this unusual case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.
Characterization of a Chemically Induced Tumor Model and the Effects of Natural Killer Cell Depletion by Antiasialo GM-1

Abstract A tumor model in the Sprague-Dawley rat has been developed and characterized in our laboratory using the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC). Interactions between the tumorigenic process and the natural killer cell (NK) response were investigated in this study. Rats given a single injection of 1.5 mg 3MC had reduced NK activity the first three weeks after injection when compared to vehicle treated controls. Tumor incidence in this group reached 45 % and 76 % 12 and 20 weeks, respectively, after the 3MC injection. Cell lines were established from six of these tumors and were tested for in vitro lysis by NK cells. Sensitivity of these cells ranged from 2.9 to 12.2 % compared to 32.3 to 37.5 % for the NK sensitive YAC-1 target cells. Rabbit antiasialo GM-1 antibody (ASGM-1) was used to effect in vivo reductions of NK function at arbitrarily selected times after 3MC injection. Tumor incidence in the group of rats treated to reduce NK activity at the time of initiation (0–2 weeks) reached 100 % in 20 weeks compared to 67 % in the companion 3MC treated controls. The number of days to tumor was also decreased from 93 to 77 days in this group. Rats treated to reduce NK activity at other times (5–7 weeks or 10–12 weeks) did not have alterations in tumor incidence or latency that were different from controls. The study supports a role for NK cells in the early detection and removal of transformed cells and points out the dangers of transient immunosuppression.
Client centered management development

Abstract This paper presents the findings of a study of the effects of an experimental clientcentered management development training program. It describes the training design as well as the research methodology employed to test its effects. “Client-centered” refers to educational processes which are fundamentally different from traditional IBM management training designs and strategies. The essential difference is that this is a learner-based design which focuses on the individual's needs for and methods of change. Traditional teacherbased processes attempt to produce prescribed effects upon all learners. This research project produced findings of statistically significant reported changes in the attitudes and managerial behaviors of the managers who attended the training program. These revised attitudes and changes in managerial behavior were found to be in areas that represent significant and fundamental implications for improving organizational effectiveness within IBM. These changes were measured approximately 100 days subsequent to the training experience. An attempt to measure self-ideal discrepancy value reductions as an effect of this training produced ambiguous results, due to the selection and/or use of the measuring instruments. One major sociological change, an effect of this training, continues to persist more than one year beyond the training program.
Preemployment screening procedures: How human resource managers perceive them

A survey of Human Resource practitioners' perceptions of pre-employment screening procedures was conducted. The results indicated differences between tests in terms of perceived accuracy and offensiveness, as well as other attributes. Regression analyses suggested that beliefs about validity, the number of other companies using these procedures, perceived offensiveness of the test, and ease in passing the test were important factors in the willingness to use a particular test. Conversely, perceptions regarding the discriminatory impact of the test and the cost of using the test generally were not related to willingness to use the test. Limitations of this study, which was primarily exploratory, are noted.
Discrepancies betweenin vivo andin vitro responses toCandida antigen in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS; scleroderma)

Leukocyte migration inhibition (LIF) assay and skin tests were used to determine the responsiveness of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) to a solubleCandida antigen. All but 2 of the 24 patients with PSS and diffuse scleroderma (PSS-DS) showed positivein vitro responses toCandida. However, 12 of these patients had negative skin tests toCandida. This lack of correlation between skin tests and LIF was significant atP<0.001 and was not observed in patients with the CREST variant of scleroderma (PSS-CREST). Sixty-four percent (9/14) of the latter were unresponsive toCandida in LIF, and 55% (5/9) were unresponsive in both tests. Of 26 control individuals studied, 92% (24) had positivein vivo andin vitro responses toCandida. Thus, LIF assay may not be a correlate of the delayed hypersensitivity (DH) in disease states. In the microenvironment of the skin in patients with PSS-DS, the DH was abnormal, even whenCandida-sensitized lymphocytes produced LIFin vitro.
A Study of Boilover in Liquid Pool Fires Supported on Water Part I: Effects of a Water Sublayer on Pool Fires

Abstract Under certain circumstances, the water on which a burning pool of liquid fuel is supported may begin to boil. The water vapor that is released and escapes through the fuel surface tends to atomize the oil, which results in an emulsive-droplet flame above the fuel surface. This phenomenon, called boilover, has been observed for large scale pool fires, but the mechanism causing it to occur has not been fully investigated yet. This paper describes fundamental aspects of the effect of a boiling water sublayer on the behavior of pool fires. A burner system in which the burning surface of the fuel can be fed into the flame so that the fuel/water interface with respect to the edge of the container remains fixed was used. Ten different single-component and six different multicomponent fuels were tested. Conventional flow visualization techniques were applied to study the liquid motion, and results for an ethylbcnzene pool in a 4.8cm diameter pan are presented. Data obtained include temperatures and mass ...
Selection and properties of a mouse L-cell transformant expressing human transferrin receptor.

Transferrin receptors are expressed in large quantities on tissues with high requirements for iron such as maturing erythroid cells and placenta. In addition, they are found in abundance on proliferating cells from other normal tissues1–5 as well as on a variety of tumours4–8. Recent genetic analysis has shown that structural genes for the transferrin receptor, probably transferrin itself and for p97, a melanoma-associated antigen that exhibits primary sequence homology with transferrin and that can bind ferric iron, each map in man to chromosome 3 (refs 9–12). On this basis it has been suggested that there may be a region on chromosome 3 containing genes involved in Fe transport and that rearrangements in this region of chromosome 3 may in some circumstances be associated with malignant transformation12. Furthermore, it is unresolved whether all cell types express structurally identical transferrin receptors13,14. To study these problems, and as an initial step towards cloning the transferrin receptor gene, we describe here the derivation of mouse L-cell transformants expressing the human transferrin receptor.
Sangre selection studies: I. Selection and comparative trials

Seventeen clonal selections of Sangre were made from a tuber-unit seed lot planted at the San Luis Valley Research Center in 1982. Seven selections had typical vine size and 10 had larger vine size than the standard cultivar. Progeny of each selection were increased and observed in 1983. During the three-year interval from 1984–1986 comparative performance trials were conducted. All clones selected for larger vines were significantly taller and later maturing than the standard. Clones 10 and 11 also had significantly greater total yields and clones 10, 11, and 14 had significantly greater U.S. No. 1 yields. Tuber shape of these clones was comparable to the standard. Results indicate that improvement may be made in the Sangre cultivar through clonal selection.
Water balance and multiplicity in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEM-FC) have received widespread attention as an alternative power source (EGG Benziger et al., 2004); this reactor design, which bypasses the additional complexity of twoand three-dimensional (3-D) integral reactors (Springer et al., 1991; Bernardi and Verbrugge, 1992; Fuller and Newman, 1993; Janssen, 2001), focuses on reaction/transport dynamic coupling under well-defined conditions. Ignition/extinction phenomena and multiple steady states were reproducibly demonstrated by Moxley et al. (2003). These experiments demonstrate that the relation of proton transport with water activity in the PEM membrane underpins the observed dynamical phenomena. Water ionizes and shields stationary anions in the membrane, which causes proton transport to increase by orders of magnitude. In this article we present and analyze a remarkable analogy between water balance in the differential PEM-FC and energy balance in the classical exothermic stirred tank reactor. This is accomplished through a simplified model that embodies what we believe to be the essential physics controlling ignition in a PEM fuel cell. Water, the reaction product in the PEM-FC, autocatalytically accelerates the reaction rate by enhancing proton transport through the PEM. This is analogous to the Arrhenius temperature-based rate acceleration due to the heat produced by an exothermic reaction. We modify the established textbook analysis of heat autocatalyticity in a CSTR (van Heerden, 1953; Aris, 1965; Perlmutter, 1972; Uppal et al., 1974; Schmitz, 1975) to present water management autocatalyticity in a stirred tank reactor PEM-FC. Steady states arise at the intersection of a (linear) water removal curve and a (sigmoidal) water production curve. Having established the autocatalyticity analogy between the exothermic CSTR (Aris, 1965), and what we will now call the STR-PEM, we can use modeling tools for the dynamic/parametric analysis of chemical reactors (continuation, singularity theory, multiplicity criteria, numerical stability and bifurcation analysis) to explore the STR-PEM dynamic and parametric operation (Doedel, 1981; Farr and Aris, 1986; Balakotaiah and Luss, 1982a,b). The fuel cell literature contains extensive anecdotal reports that PEM cells only operate when sufficient water is present in the membrane. Our analysis helps elucidate the role of critical initial membrane water content for ignition; the same tools can help quantify critical inlet stream humidity.
Comparison of routine care self-reported and biometrical data on hypertension and diabetes: results of the Utrecht Health Project

Background : Information on the prevalence of diseases is commonly gathered by questionnaires. Although the method is relatively inexpensive and efficient as opposed to physical examinations, the validity of the information collected is often questioned. The objective of this study was to assess the value of biometrical data complementary to self-reported questionnaire information for estimating the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in the population at large and to examine factors that affect the accuracy of self-reporting. Methods: Baseline data of 4950 adult participants of the Utrecht Health Project, a community-based prospective cohort study, were used to calculate sensitivity and specificity of self-reported hypertension and diabetes with the results of blood pressure measurements and blood glucose levels, corrected for current medication use, as the reference standard. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which participants' characteristics independently predicted the accuracy of self-reports. Results : Overall sensitivity was 34.5% for self-reported data on hypertension and 58.9% for diabetes, while overall specificity was high for both conditions (96.4 and 99.4%, respectively). The agreement between self-reported and biometrical data was higher for diabetes than for hypertension and varied per subgroup. Conclusions : The use of self-reported data to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes may lead to underestimated prevalence estimates and biased associations with risk factors due to differential misclassification. Adding biometrical measurements to self-reported questionnaire information will assure the validity of the data. The magnitude of the additional value of biometrical data depends on the condition studied and the characteristics of the population under investigation.
Portable tools and applications for parallel computers

A distributed-memory model is adopted for the development of parallel ab initio codes with an emphasis on portability as well as efficiency. A highly portable message-passingtoolkit (inspired by the Argonne ACRF PARMACS) is described. Examples and results of its use are presented
Superconductive energy storage for power systems

The use of large superconducting inductors for "pumped" energy storage as an alternate to pumped hydro-storage is discussed. It is suggested that large units might be developed at less than $200/kW and with losses less than the 50 percent representative of pumped hydrostorage. Particular notice is taken of the ability of such peaking units to damp overall power system electromechanical oscillations. Attention is also given to the stress considerations in magnet windings and to the optimization of superconductor and structural material. A preliminary analysis is made for a 400 MW-10 000 MWh unit.
Transparent phosphor coatings

Transparent coatings of a number of luminescent materials have been deposited on glass surfaces by chemical reaction of the components in the vapor state. The best of these so far obtained is zinc sulfide. Arsenic, copper, manganese, phosphorus, or zinc have been successfully introduced as activators. Under cathode ray excitation, some of these have given brightness as high as 40 foot-lamberts at 20 kv and 1 microampere per sq cm. The uv response of these films is low, but varies with the conditions of preparation. The properties of these nonscattering phosphor screens are described and their advantages over powder phosphors considered.
A simple design for paralleling current-mode controlled DC-DC converters

This paper proposes a new current sharing method. It utilizes the inner current loops of current mode controlled converters to achieve the current sharing, and decouples control loops from the voltage regulation and current-sharing regulation instead of adding control loops as in traditional master-slave methods. Therefore, the performance is guaranteed in both the large and small signal sense. This is verified by experimental results.
Frequency shifting in optical fiber using a SAW horn

The authors present an in-fiber frequency shifter for optical fiber which uses flexural acoustic waves to induce mode coupling between the two optical modes of a dual-mode, elliptical-core fiber. A sharply tapered surface-acoustic-wave horn is used to excite these waves in the fiber, providing a robust, efficient acoustic source. Optical mode filters at the input and output ensure spectral purity of the frequency-shifted light. A 6.3-MHz frequency upshift in 1.3- mu m light with 400-mW input power, with a 35-dB sideband suppression, was demonstrated. Recently studied methods for improving the sideband suppression through mode-filtering techniques are also discussed. >
Home inotropic therapy in children.

Background Inotropic therapy is a well-established practice for children with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF). Traditionally, children have been maintained on inotropic therapy in the hospital under close, monitored supervision. Changes to UNOS listing criteria now allow patients awaiting heart transplantation to be discharged to home yet maintain 1B status. In adults, home inotropic therapy has been shown to be a safe and cost-effective bridge to transplantation. To date, there are limited data on the use of home inotropic therapy in children. Methods We reviewed the safety and efficacy of continuous ambulatory home inotropic therapy in children. Data were obtained from a single institution from January 2000 to January 2007. Results There were 14 pediatric patients with end-stage CHF, who received home intravenous inotropic therapy. The indications for home inotropic therapy included palliative care (n = 8) and awaiting heart transplantation (n = 6). Patients ranged in age from 6 to 18 years (median 14.5 years). The majority of subjects (n = 11) received milrinone at a dose of 0.5 to 1.0 μg/kg/min, 2 received dobutamine at 5 μg/kg/min, and 1 received both agents. Duration of therapy ranged from 14 to 476 days (median 68 days). There were 26 hospital re-admissions and 4 suspected catheter infections. No unexpected deaths or pump failures occurred. Conclusions Based on this initial review, continuous home inotropic therapy in children with CHF is safe with few complications. Home inotropic therapy may result in substantial cost-savings and improve family dynamics by avoiding prolonged hospitalization.
Periodic intrusions in a stratified fluid

When a salt-stratified body of fluid is heated from the side a series of almost horizontal convective layers can develop with well-mixed interiors. These layers can propagate into the interior of the stratified fluid. This behaviour is also observed with intrusions at fronts between stratified bodies of fluid where their composition varies. We look at a simplified model of intrusion growth where the mechanism behind the creation of their well-mixed interiors is neglected, and look at how a stack of such intrusions will propagate away from the wall or front. We find that there is a transition from a regime where the propagation is essentially inviscid and the intrusion length is proportional to time, to one where viscosity is important and the propagation rate slows down, with the length being proportional to the square-root of time.
Transformation and Densification of Nanocrystalline θ-Alumina during Sinter Forging

The sinter forging behavior of {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} seeded and unseeded nanocrystalline {theta}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was investigated as a function of temperature, stress, and strain rate. Seeded samples exhibited the highest degree of plastic deformation during the {theta}- to {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase transformation. As a result, microstructure control, increased densification, and a higher degree of transformation were obtained. A uniform microstructure of 150 nm {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} grains developed, reaching 57% relative density after sintering 1.5 wt% {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} seeded samples for 30 min at 1,060 C. When sinter forged at 0.25 mm/min to 63 MPa and 1,060 C for 30 min large deformations during the phase transformation increased the relative density to 74%. When the stress was increased to 235 MPa (1,060 C, 30 min), 99.7% dense {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} with a grain size of 230 nm was obtained. By increasing the sinter forging temperature to 1,150 C, 99.5% relative density was achieved at 190 MPa for 30 min.
THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CHLOROGLOEA FRITSCHII MITRA GROWN AT HIGH TEMPERATURE1,2,3,4

SUMMARY The effects of high and low light intensities on the ultrastructure of the large, single cells (designated as Stage IV cell types in the life cycle) of Chlorogloea fritschii grown at 45 C are described. The most noticeable difference between cells grown at 20–60 ft-c and at 700 ft-c is in the number and arrangement of the photosynthetic lamellae. In the former, the lamellae are in groups of 4–6 units, the component membranes of which are compact and, closely appressed. While the thylakoids are long, continuous, and frequently invaginated into the central cytoplasm to form concentric whorls, there is no evidence of swelling or separation to form vacuole-like structures. In contrast, in cells grown at 700 ft-c, the photosynthetic lamellae are fewer and fragmented, with the segments peripherally arranged dint frequently swollen and vesiculate. There are also differences in the, nature of the sheath, in the amount of cyanophycean starch, and in the cytoplasmic inclusions. At 20–60 ft-c, the sheath, is extensive and. fibrillar; cyanophycean starch is abundant; and cytoplasmic inclusions (e.g., αand β-granules) arc sparse. At 700 ft-c the sheath is less extensive and frequently composed of short segments of fibrils and of particulate material; cyanophycean starch is sparse; and cytoplasmic inclusions are abundant.
The Arginine Clusters of the Carboxy-Terminal Domain of the Core Protein of Hepatitis B Virus Make Pleiotropic Contributions to Genome Replication

The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the core protein of hepatitis B virus is not necessary for capsid assembly. However, the CTD does contribute to encapsidation of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA). The contribution of the CTD to DNA synthesis is less clear. This is the case because some mutations within the CTD increase the proportion of spliced RNA to pgRNA that are encapsidated and reverse transcribed. The CTD contains four clusters of consecutive arginine residues. The contributions of the individual arginine clusters to genome replication are unknown. We analyzed core protein variants in which the individual arginine clusters were substituted with either alanine or lysine residues. We developed assays to analyze these variants at specific steps throughout genome replication. We used a replication template that was not spliced in order to study the replication of only pgRNA. We found that alanine substitutions caused defects at both early and late steps in genome replication. Lysine substitutions also caused defects, but primarily during later steps. These findings demonstrate that the CTD contributes to DNA synthesis pleiotropically and that preserving the charge within the CTD is not sufficient to preserve function.
ECT in depression

Schulze-Rauschenbach et al ([2005][1]) found in their comparison of unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) that these two procedures have similar efficacy in the treatment of major depression. However, the rate of treatment response for ECT
Recent Progresses in Terahertz Wave Air Photonics

Terahertz (THz) wave generation and detection using gaseous medium as both the THz wave emitter and sensor, also termed “THz wave air photonics”, has attracted much scientific attention. We report the most recent progresses in THz generation and detection in laser-induced gas plasma. The overall emphasis of this paper is on THz wave detection with gaseous medium, while in the generation part, emphasis will be on the case with two-color laser excitation.
Variability and convergence in benthic communities along the longitudinal gradients of four physically similar Rocky Mountain streams

SUMMARY 1. High-gradient mountain streams are ideal for studying longitudinal biological patterns, although the degree of similarity in the biological gradient among physically similar streams in a region is poorly known. Our first objective was to evaluate variability in benthic communities along four streams in the central Rocky Mountains of Colorado. We analysed the relative influence of longitudinal position versus reach-scale physical variables on community structure and measured community similarity at comparable longitudinal positions on the four streams. 2. Our second objective was to evaluate the relative utility of taxonomically versus functionally defined communities to characterise assemblage structure: are taxonomic patterns more predictable along the gradient than are patterns of ecologically important species traits? 3. Redundancy analyses (RDA), including measures of both reach-scale environmental variables (substratum properties, periphytic cover, local channel slope) and longitudinal position (altitude, stream size), confirmed that the longitudinal position of a site was most important in determining taxonomic composition. Functional community structure was also influenced by longitudinal position, but reach-scale variables (especially periphyton and median particle size) were of greater importance. 4. Redundancy analyses explained 29.3% of total taxonomic variance and 26.0% of functional variance, indicating that defining assemblages functionally provides no greater understanding of community patterns given several known environmental variables. Strict longitudinal limits of taxa, the presumably identical regional species pool across our sites, and/or trade-offs among different types of species traits probably explain this result. 5. Redundancy analyses did suggest, however, that traits related to longer life (semivoltinism, long-lived adults, and slow larval development) were more common downstream, while long-distance dispersal ability and high fecundity were associated with higher altitude and its associated harsher conditions. 6. When sampling sites were grouped into three ecological zones defined by altitude, mean community similarity (measured both taxonomically and functionally) was lowest across streams at the highest altitude. This pattern could be driven by increased insularity of alpine-zone streams, resulting from a combination of harsh terrestrial environment, lack of hydrological connectivity, and limited species ranges along the longitudinal continuum.
Delay and Clock Skew Variation due to Coupling Capacitance and Inductance

With aggressive scaling of technology, and corresponding increase of circuit density interconnect has become the most critical factors that influence timing characteristics of integrated circuits performance. This is due to increasing length and aspect ratio of interconnect lines leading to growing capacitive and inductive coupling. In this paper, the effects of capacitive and inductive coupling on delay uncertainty and clock skew have been analyzed. The analysis and the simulation results show that coupling capacitance and mutual inductance have opposite impacts on delay and clock skew variations. It is illustrated that while capacitive coupling worsens both variations, growing inductive coupling can actually counter-balance the negative impacts to some degree.
A classically enlarged cardiac silhouette.

Figure 1 (A) Posteroanterior chest roentgenog and a mass abutting the right cardiophrenic ang mography scan shows a large cystic lesion m abutting the heart border with a radiodensity of 1 view of the cyst (asterisk). Note the inflamed app the cyst looking down to the pericardium (asteris with chronic inflammatory infiltrates and no original magnification 100). Funding: None. Conflict of Interest: None. Authorship: All authors had access to the data and played a role in writing this manuscript. Requests for reprints should be addressed to Emil Missov, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455. E-mail address: misso001@umn.edu
Opportunities and Challenges in Representing Narrative Inquiries Digitally

Background/ContextWithin the context of four locally funded research projects, the researcher was asked to disseminate the findings of her narrative inquiries not to the research community, which h...
MRI of common and uncommon pathologies involving the periportal space: a pictorial essay

Imaging detection and differential diagnoses of pathology involving the periportal space can be challenging. MRI is a useful technique for assessment of the periportal space since it readily distinguishes normal and abnormal vascular and biliary anatomy, and the excellent soft tissue discrimination allows for detection of subtle lesions. This pictorial essay describes the anatomy of the periportal space and illustrates the MRI appearance of a variety of pathologies that can affect this region.
Earthquake Loss Estimates and Policy Implications for Nonductile Concrete Buildings in Los Angeles

The collapse potential of nonductile concrete buildings represents a substantial life safety hazard globally that can be mitigated through carefully crafted policy. Mitigation policy should be appr...
Shift from Covalent to Ionic Bonding in Al2MoOy(y= 2-4) Anion and Neutral Clusters

The electronic and molecular structures of Al2MoOy (y = 2–4) anion and neutral complexes were studied using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The spectra are broad, reflecting significant structural changes in the transition from anion to neutral, and the neutral electron affinities determined from the spectra are similar for all three species. The calculations suggest that the lowest energy isomers of the neutral clusters can be described as predominantly (Al+)2[MoOy–2] ionic complexes, in which the Al+ cations bond with O2– anions in a way that minimizes repulsion with the positively charged Mo center. The anion structures for all three complexes favor closer Mo–Al and Al–Al internuclear distances, with the extra negative charge distributed more evenly among all three metal centers. Energetically, the fully occupied 3s orbitals on the Al centers are lower than the Mo-local 4d-like orbitals and above the O-local 2p-like orbitals. In the case of Al2MoO2–, there i...
Assimilation of Outsourced IT Capabilities: Gearing Their Strategic Capabilities

This paper proposes a model that suggests how firms could create strategic capabilities through IT outsourcing. We suggest how a firm adds value and reaps strategic benefits from IT outsourcing arrangements. A primary proposition is that, in the process of penetration of the managerial and technical capabilities of external vendors, managerial and social factors act as facilitators or inhibitors of the process. When the client firm is able to integrate the IT capabilities of outsourcing vendors, these assimilated capabilities in turn become the strategic source of IT competence.
The Administrative Presidency and Fractious Federalism: Lessons from Obamacare

This paper rests on two premises in seeking to advance knowledge of the administrative presidency. First, research on the subject should consider the particular dynamics that apply in contexts where partisan polarization leads to sharply divergent views on the legitimacy or value of a program or an administrative agency. Second, efforts to illuminate the administrative presidency need to address more squarely issues of federalism – when the national government depends on the states to implement a program. In this vein, we examine the strategic response of the Obama administration to the challenges of implementing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) under conditions of fractious federalism rooted in partisan polarization. Three cases come under the microscope. One involved efforts by the Obama administration to prevent the ACA’s Medicaid expansion from being undercut by low provider payment rates. A second entailed the administration’s strategy for enticing states to participate in the expansion. A third deals with how the Obama administration approached the issue of state participation in designing and operating the ACA’s insurance exchanges. A concluding section presents more general propositions concerning the administrative presidency and fractious federalism based on the cases.
From grand banking hall to the art and design school library of the 21st century

With a detailed but not site-specific building program, the librarians at Rhode Island School of Design made the case for a new library three times the size of the existing facility. The site became specific with the donation of an early 20th-century grand banking hall. This paper addresses the role of the librarian in the design and construction process and includes an analysis of the way the new library meets the program objectives. In the early 1990’s after several early attempts to resolve the library’s space constraint at Rhode Island School of Design, the librarian was given a useful bit of advice: Stop trying to find the space. You must focus first on the program. What is it that you really need?
Conclusions for Feeling Again

Have we, as a society, become so feelings-phobic that we pretend to live life, much like the walking dead, without ever feeling humanity? Since we all have experienced some sort of trauma and fear its repetition, do we resort to amassing an impenetrable emotional wall, hoping it will protect us from ever hurting again, feeling again, and truly living again? And in this state of deadness, are we necrophilically pretending to love, engaging in emotionalities that are often rendered mere sentimentalities or saccharin expressions of what we truly feel, as if false niceness is enough?
Optimal chaotic synchronization of stochastic delayed recurrent neural networks

This paper presents a theoretical design of how an optimal synchronization is achieved for stochastic delayed recurrent neural networks. According to the concept of drive-response, a control method is developed to guarantee that the chaotic drive network synchronizes with the chaotic response network influenced by uncertain noise signals. The formulation of a nonlinear optimal control law is rigorously derived by using Lyapunov technique and solving a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. To verify the analytical results, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which is simple and easy to implement in reality.
The Italian Emigration of Modern Times: Relations Between Italy and the United States concerning Emigration Policy, Diplomacy and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment, 1870–1927

As the title indicates, this work examines the period of the great transatlantic emigration of Italians to the United States, the country that represented for them “not only the promise of a bright...
Medial and Lateral Entorhinal Cortex Differentially Excite Deep versus Superficial CA1 Pyramidal Neurons

Although hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) were thought to comprise a uniform population, recent evidence supports two distinct sublayers along the radial axis, with deep neurons more likely to form place cells than superficial neurons. CA1 PNs also differ along the transverse axis with regard to direct inputs from entorhinal cortex (EC), with medial EC (MEC) providing spatial information to PNs toward CA2 (proximal CA1) and lateral EC (LEC) providing non-spatial information to PNs toward subiculum (distal CA1). We demonstrate that the two inputs differentially activate the radial sublayers and that this difference reverses along the transverse axis, with MEC preferentially targeting deep PNs in proximal CA1 and LEC preferentially exciting superficial PNs in distal CA1. This differential excitation reflects differences in dendritic spine numbers. Our results reveal a heterogeneity in EC-CA1 connectivity that may help explain differential roles of CA1 PNs in spatial and non-spatial learning and memory.
Hysteresis, Creep, and Vibration Compensation for Piezoactuators: Feedback and Feedforward Control 1

Abstract We present an integrated two-step approach, which combines feedback and feedforward control, to compensate for the effects of hysteresis, creep, and vibration in piezoactuators. In this approach, the control of hysteresis and creep is decoupled from the control of vibrational dynamics. First, high-gain feedback control is used to minimize positioning error caused by hysteresis and creep. Second, an inversion-based feedforward approach, which can achieve exact tracking for general output trajectories, is used to compensate for error due to vibration at high scan rates. The feedforward approach is applicable to minimum (collocated sensor and actuator) and nonminimum phase (noncollocated sensor and actuator) positioning systems. The decoupling of hysteresis and creep control from vibration control simplifies the inversion-based approach, and the use of feedback provides robustness. We show significant improvement in positioning precision and scanning rate, and illustrate our results with an experimental piezoactuator scanner that is used in Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) applications.
Supply, Demand, and Equilibrium: The Algebra

This technical note refreshes the algebraic representation of linear demand and supply, how to account for shifting curves, and how to include taxes. This is part of the refresher course in Economics at Darden. Excerpt UVA-G-0592 Supply, Demand, and Equilibrium: The Algebra Understanding supply and demand is invaluable for any structured analysis of the real markets where firms compete. So far, to develop intuition we have drawn these markets. We approximated supply and demand with straight lines. In this note, we calculate the exact price and quantity at which goods are bought and sold. To do so, we use algebra and represent supply and demand with an equation instead of a graph. Equation of a Straight Line Figure 1. Straight line. Figure 1 plots a line. It touches both the vertical Y-axis and the horizontal X-axis. With the help of the X-axis and the Y-axis, we can define any point on the graph. A double (X,Y) contains the coordinates of any point. The variables X and Y tell us how far a point lies from the origin, which is the point (0.0) where the X-axis and Y-axis meet. As we see, our line cuts the X-axis and Y-axis respectively at the horizontal and vertical intercept at the points (4,0) and (0.2). . . .