cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concepts of diabetes self-management in Mexican American and African American low-income patients with diabetes

The goal of the study was to explore low-income minority patients' concepts of diabetes self-management and assess the extent to which patient beliefs correspond to evidence-based recommendations. African American and Mexican American patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from safety net clinics that serve the uninsured and under-insured in Chicago and San Francisco to participate in focus group discussions. Grounded theory was used to identify themes related to diabetes self-management. Strategies participants mentioned for diabetes self-care were medication use, diet, weight loss and exercise. Eating more fruit and vegetables and consuming smaller portions were the most commonly mentioned dietary behaviors to control diabetes. African Americans expressed skepticism about taking medications. Mexican Americans discussed barriers to acquiring medications and use of herbal remedies. Mexican Americans frequently mentioned intentional exercise of long duration as a management strategy, whereas African Americans more frequently described exercise as regular activities of daily living. Blood glucose self-monitoring and reducing risks of diabetes complications were rarely mentioned as diabetes self-management behaviors. African American and Mexican American patients have different concepts of diabetes self-management, especially with regard to medication use and physical activity. Consideration of these differences may facilitate design of effective self-management interventions for these high-risk populations.
Expressed protein ligation to probe regiospecificity of heterocyclization in the peptide antibiotic microcin B17

Abstract Background: The Escherichia coli peptide antibiotic microcin B17 (MccB17) contains thiazole and oxazole heterocycles derived from a distributive yet directional cyclization of cysteines and serines in the McbA precursor catalyzed by MccB17 synthetase. Whether the formation of upstream rings potentiates downstream heterocyclization has not been previously determined. Results: McbA fragments (46-61 residues) containing glycine substitutions or homocysteine at select upstream cysteine or serine sites were assembled using expressed protein ligation (EPL). Most of these substrates were only partially cyclized by MccB17 synthetase, in contrast to the efficient processing of wild-type McbA 1-61 . Homocysteine was not processed to the six-membered heterocycle. Conclusions: The formation of upstream rings in McbA potentiates the cyclization of carboxy-terminal cysteines and serines, probably by selecting against unfavorable substrate conformations. EPL allows structure-function analysis including unnatural amino acid placements to probe the regiospecificity and chemoselectivity of post-translational heterocyclization during antibiotic maturation.
Correlation of no trouble found errors to Negative Bias Temperature Instability

No Trouble Found (NTF) and Cannot Duplicate (CND) errors on modern digital electronics are increasingly prevalent and occur at a rate of 50–60% using conventional bench top diagnostics [1]. This work correlates NTF diagnostic errors to Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI), a prominent failure degradation mode and self annealing mechanism in sub-100 nm CMOS technology. NBTI degradation is duplicated in laboratory experiments on 90 nm MPC7448 Freescale Microprocessors. Accelerated aging via in situ thermal and voltage cycling is conducted while benchmark scripts are running on the MPC7448. Faults observed include premature program termination, corruption of system services, L1 and L2 cache errors as reported by the kernel, and total system failure. After 8 hours of rest, the system boots up normally with no indication of system degradation. Final system failure is observed after several faults. Conventional Built-In Test (BIT) fails to detect these faults upon reboot of the system. Various control tests and test profiles are used to accelerate NBTI degradation on the microprocessor samples. The challenge of faulty behavior is distinguishing between health and degradation leading to failure. Analysis techniques are used to show separation between healthy and degraded data, and independent NBTI research at Arizona State University is used to correlate NBTI behavior to NTF diagnostic errors.1,2
A Graphical Model Approach to Downlink Cooperative MIMO Systems

We propose a new method for computing transmit beamforming vectors for downlink multicell multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) networks. The key novelty of the work is the application of graphical model theory to the intercell interference problem. An index restriction beamforming strategy is adopted to mitigate intercell interference, and is implemented with the well-known message-passing algorithm known as belief-propagation. The advantage of combining restricted index beamforming with belief propagation is only local channel information is required, and the computational complexity is lower than competing methods for base station cooperation. Numerical results show that the network throughput of downlink multicell MIMO systems is increased by the proposed cooperative method especially for cell edge users while the computational complexity is kept similar to non- cooperative methods.
HOPE VI, New Urbanism, and the Utility of Frames: A Reply to Melendez and Coats

Based on our analysis of New Urbanist frames, we suggest that HOPE VI provides both structural and interpretive political opportunities to actors competing to frame the transformation of public housing. As a structural opportunity, HOPE VI alters public-housing debates by enhancing the possibilities for political action by economic elites in competition with other actors. As an interpretive opportunity, HOPE VI’s explicit embrace of New Urbanism supplies a novel and strategic vocabulary that actors can attempt to use to influence policy, alter political alignments, and raise the public profile and salience of particular issues. Although each of the participants we discuss wielded the linguistic tools of New Urbanism, the developer (HRI) was able to selectively deploy such themes most effectively to create and magnify critical local issues. Principals in the Urban Conservancy suggest that these claims and subsequent related analyses require more nuanced consideration along a number of important lines. Here, we take the opportunity to detail and respond to four questions we see as raised by Melendez and Coats. First, was the developer’s success in attaining approval for inclusion of a Wal-Mart superstore (under construction and projected to open in the fall of 2004) in the redevelopment of the St. Thomas site due to use of a New Urbanist frame or due to possession of superior resources/power? Principals in the Urban Conservancy contend that HRI’s deployment of selected, and arguably unorthodox, New Urbanist themes is far less relevant than the unrivaled political, financial, and organizational resources at its disposal. In other words, it doesn’t really matter what Goliath says, so much as what he can do relative to weaker opponents. Although we agree with this basic assessment, we also contend that how Goliath uses his superior resources matters for understanding contemporary urban renewal and how it differs in process, if not outcome, from earlier eras of urban renewal. From this perspective, the validity and consistency of the developer’s New Urbanist claims is less important than HRI’s capacity to anticipate, co-opt, and obfuscate related claims by opposition groups. In this sense, the developer didn’t really need to mobilize support with
Effects of Case Management on Drug Users' Risky Sex:

Case management for crime-involved drug users is designed mainly to reduce further drug use and crime but may also promote reductions in HIV risk behavior. In a five-site evaluation, the authors examined the effects of a case-management protocol known as Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC) on drug users' frequency of unprotected sex and frequency of sex while high on drugs and/or alcohol. At one site, case management had a favorable effect on the frequency of unprotected sex. At four sites, case management had a favorable effect on the frequency of sex while high. These effects were moderated by users' baseline level of risk behavior or history of related problem behaviors (drug use and criminal conduct). Implications for case management and drug use treatment are discussed.
Hairy Skin: Psychophysical Channels and Their Physiological Substrates

Experiments were conducted in which threshold-frequency characteristics were measured on the hairy skin of the forearm of human observers. Thresholds were measured with two stimulus probe areas (2.9 and 0.008 cm2) at three skin-surface temperatures (15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 40 degrees C). The results suggest that whereas glabrous skin uses four distinct channels of information, only three channels may be involved in mediating the sense of touch for hairy skin. The three channels are defined as Ph, (Pacinian, hairy skin), NPh low (non-Pacinian, hairy skin, low frequencies) and NPh mid (non-Pacinian, hairy skin, middle frequencies). In addition, it is proposed that the neural substrates for the three psychophysically characterized channels are, respectively, the Pacinian corpuscle (PC) nerve fibers, the slowly adapting type II (SAII) fibers, and the rapidly adapting (RA) fibers.
Slave life in Rio de Janeiro, 1808-1850

The Description for this book, Slave Life in Rio de Janeiro, 1808-1850, will be forthcoming.
The ureidoglycollate hydrolase (DAL3) gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The DAL3 gene has been sequenced and found to encode a 195 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 21 727. The four carboxy-terminal amino acids of DAL3 product (Cys-Ile-Ile-Ile) are homologous to those (CAAX) previously shown to be the primary structural signal for post-translational farnesylation of yeast RAS protein and mating factor. This modification is reported to be responsible for membrane localization of proteins containing it. The upstream region of DAL3 contains six copies of a sequence that is homologous to the positively acting DAL UASNTR reported to be required for transcriptional activation of the DAL5 and DAL7 genes. Missing from the DAL3 upstream region were any sequences related to those shown to be required for a DAL7 response to inducer, the UIS element. This correlates with the previous report that DAL3 expression is independent of the allantoin pathway inducer.
Treatment of iatrogenic false aneurysms

The incidence of iatrogenic false aneurysms has risen exponentially in recent years. Although this growth in peripheral vascular injuries likely is multifactorial in origin, the increasing complexity of percutaneous techniques combined with public demand for minimally invasive procedures has probably contributed. Periprocedural complications secondary to vascular interventions include false aneurysms, hematomas, thromboemboli, AV fistulae, and lacerations. False aneurysms, or pseudoaneurysms, account for more than 60% of these iatrogenic complications. Historically, the incidence of procedure-related vascular injury has been estimated as 0.05% to 0.1%. Today the incidence is estimated to range from 0.2% to 9.0%. Although percutaneous vascular access was once primarily used for diagnostic purposes, a transfemoral approach is now used for a wide variety of both diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. The femoral route is generally preferred for ease and reliability of access to the arterial and venous systems. Consequently, iatrogenic vascular injuries and false aneurysms are frequently located in the groin. The terms false aneurysm, pseudoaneurysm, and pulsatile or communicating hematoma are synonymous and may be used interchangeably. True aneurysms are defined as a circumscribed dilation of the artery; pseudoaneurysms involve dilation of an artery with actual disruption of one or more layers of its walls. The etiology of true and false aneurysms also differs: true aneurysms are typically caused by degenerative factors and false aneurysms are generally traumatic in origin. Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms are most commonly produced by cardiac catherization, and these diagnostic and interventional procedures account for 70% to 80% of the incidence. Peripheral angiography or angioplasty, or both, are responsible for 10% to 15% of pseudoaneurysms. Additional causes of iatrogenic false aneurysms include percutaneous hemodialysis access, percutaneous intraaortic balloon pump placement, and other interventional techniques. Risk factors for the development of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms include age greater than 60 years, female gender, catheter size greater than 8F, cannulation of both artery and vein, and concurrent anticoagulation. Operator inexperience, catherization of an artery other than the common femoral artery, and underlying peripheral vascular disease are also positively correlated with increased risk of false aneurysm formation. The natural history of peripheral vascular injuries is uncertain and surgical dictum previously mandated prompt operative repair. Recently, the focus has shifted from open surgical repair to a vast array of management options, including observation, compression therapies, thrombin injection, and embolization procedures. The remainder of this review focuses on the diagnosis, natural history, and treatment options for iatrogenic false aneurysms.
A Mysterious Kind of Causation: The Second Account of Transcendental Perfect Identity

Traditionally, scholars have argued that 1.4.2 may be split into two general sections: one that concerns the “vulgar” conception of objects, and another that concerns the “philosophical” conception of objects. I argue that there is a third position: Hume’s, which includes two more accounts of how we transcendentally conceive of perfect identity. We examine one of those accounts of perfect identity here (which constitutes Hume’s second account of how we transcendentally conceive of perfect identity) and the other in Chap. 7 (which constitutes Hume’s third account of how we transcendentally conceive of perfect identity). In Chaps. 8 and 9, I show why all three instances of how we transcendentally conceive of perfect identity are not to be confused with the vulgar position on objects, nor with the philosophical position.
Yttrium-90 radioembolization for hepatic breast cancer metastasis: a contemporary analysis of safety, response, and survival

(98.7%). Two cases converted to TFA due to RA loop and RA occlusion. Adjunctive embolization with coils or plugs occurred in 43/103 (42%). Repeat TRA was performed in 45/99 patients (45%). Mortality at 30 days was 0%. Minor grade 1 hematoma occurred in 8/156 (5%) cases. RA occlusion occurred in 3/156 cases (2%). Intervention was performed through the occlusion in 2/3 cases. Asymptomatic RA perforation occurred in 2/156 cases (1%). Hepatic artery dissection requiring stenting occurred in 1 case (0.6%). Conclusion: TRA is safe, feasible and well-tolerated for SIRT with rare complications and high technical success.
Criminally Involved Parents Who Misuse Substances and Children's Odds of Being Arrested as a Young Adult: Do Drug Treatment Courts Mitigate the Risk?

This paper examined (1) the association between parents who are convicted of a substance-related offense and their children’s probability of being arrested as a young adult and (2) whether or not parental participation in an adult drug treatment court program mitigated this risk. The analysis relied on state administrative data from North Carolina courts (2005–2013) and from birth records (1988–2003). The dependent variable was the probability that a child was arrested as a young adult (16–21). Logistic regression was used to compare groups and models accounted for the clustering of multiple children with the same mother. Findings revealed that children whose parents were convicted on either a substance-related charge on a non-substance-related charge had twice the odds of being arrested as young adult, relative to children whose parents had not been observed having a conviction. While a quarter of children whose parents participated in a drug treatment court program were arrested as young adults, parental completion this program did not reduce this risk. In conclusion, children whose parents were convicted had an increased risk of being arrested as young adults, irrespective of whether or not the conviction was on a substance-related charge. However, drug treatment courts did not reduce this risk. Reducing intergenerational links in the probability of arrest remains a societal challenge.
Taxonomy of Pichia carsonii and Its Synonyms P. vini and P. vini var. melibiosi: Comparison by DNA Reassociation

(1979). Taxonomy of Pichia Carsonii and its Synonyms P. Vini and P. Vini Var. Melibiosi: Comparison by DNA Reassociation. Mycologia: Vol. 71, No. 3, pp. 658-662.
Theoretical Analysis of Pyroelectric Harvesting of Low-Grade Exhaust Waste Heat

Efficient and cost-effective harvesting of exhaust waste heat represents significant opportunities for improving the overall energy efficiency of combined heat and power cycles, transportation vehicles, and industrial processes. Pyroelectric thermal energy harvesting is interesting for its potentially high efficiency. We report a design concept and related thermal models for harvesting of exhaust waste heat based on the pyroelectric effect. The design concept utilizes switchable thermal interfaces formed on duct walls of exhaust gas and liquid coolants to achieve temporal thermal cycling of pyroelectric materials. Our thermal model explicitly accounts for spatial variations in the exhaust gas and coolant temperatures for practical waste heat harvesting systems, for example, those that can be incorporated into micro-CHP (combined heat and power) units. Model prediction results for example cases are presented to illustrate the impact of design parameters, including the heat capacity rate and the convective heat transfer coefficients.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Demonstration of Ultra-Fast Switching in Nanometallic Resistive Switching Memory Devices

Interdependency of switching voltage and time creates a dilemma/obstacle for most resistive switching memories, which indicates low switching voltage and ultra-fast switching time cannot be simultaneously achieved. In this paper, an ultra-fast (sub-100 ns) yet low switching voltage resistive switching memory device (“nanometallic ReRAM”) was demonstrated. Experimental switching voltage is found independent of pulse width (intrinsic device property) when the pulse is long but shows abrupt time dependence (“cliff”) as pulse width approaches characteristic time of memory device (extrinsic device property). Both experiment and simulation show that the onset of cliff behavior is dependent on physical device size and parasitic resistance, which is expected to diminish as technology nodes shrink down. We believe this study provides solid evidence that nanometallic resistive switching memory can be reliably operated at low voltage and ultra-fast regime, thus beneficial to future memory technology.
Optimal sensor placement for Border Perambulation

Recent advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of low-cost sensor networks and these networks are finding increased application in the development of intelligent, distributed systems. Distributed deployment of sensor systems has to address issues in power management and efficiency. In this paper, these issues are addressed from the standpoint of optimal deployment of sensors nodes for boundary coverage. Lower bounds on the number of sensors needed for surveillance and target intrusion detection is presented and a “Border Perambulation” technique where each border node can swap between working and sleeping modes and the network only maintains a subset of working nodes is proposed. Mathematical as well as experimental proofs are provided to validate the correctness and efficiency of our algorithms.
Long-Term Outcome of Interdisciplinary Management of Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Receiving Daily Glucocorticoid Treatment

Objective To evaluate clinical outcomes and steroid side effects in a cohort of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) treated with long-term daily glucocorticoid therapy. Although daily glucocorticoid therapy has been shown to extend ambulatory function in DMD, less frequent dosing is often used because of side effect concerns. Study design Retrospective study of 97 patients with DMD aged 10 to Results For 13- to 16-year-old patients, 40% could rise from the floor and 50% could perform the 30-foot run test. Forced vital capacity for the entire cohort was well preserved. Thirteen percent of younger (10- to 20 degrees). Eighty-six percent had normal weight velocities; 30% had no increased facial fullness; 72% had short stature; and 19% had asymptomatic cataracts. Asymptomatic spine compression deformities were noted in 76% and long bone fractures in 30%. One patient stopped glucocorticoid because of behavioral concerns. Conclusions With evidence for improved outcomes and manageable side effects, we recommend use of daily glucocorticoid therapy for patients with DMD with anticipatory management of side effects and a coordinated interdisciplinary care approach.
HuCNS-SC Human NSCs Fail to Differentiate, Form Ectopic Clusters, and Provide No Cognitive Benefits in a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) can improve cognition in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, AD is a protracted disorder, and prior studies have examined only short-term effects. We therefore used an immune-deficient model of AD (Rag-5xfAD mice) to examine long-term transplantation of human NSCs (StemCells Inc.; HuCNS-SCs). Five months after transplantation, HuCNS-SCs had engrafted and migrated throughout the hippocampus and exhibited no differences in survival or migration in response to β-amyloid pathology. Despite robust engraftment, HuCNS-SCs failed to terminally differentiate and over a quarter of the animals exhibited ectopic human cell clusters within the lateral ventricle. Unlike prior short-term experiments with research-grade HuCNS-SCs, we also found no evidence of improved cognition, no changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and no increase in synaptic density. These data, while disappointing, reinforce the notion that individual human NSC lines need to be carefully assessed for efficacy and safety in appropriate long-term models.
“You’ve Come a Long Way, Baby”: The Convergence in Age Patterns of Lung Cancer Mortality by Sex, United States, 1959–2013

We analyze lung cancer mortality by age and sex in the United States, 1959-2013. It is already known that male lung cancer death rates exceed those of women and that tobacco use is the leading reason for the sex difference. We elaborate on this knowledge by showing that unlike most causes of death, lung cancer mortality patterns by age are a very good fit to a quadratic-Gompertz model, i.e., log mortality rates are quadratic by age, with the mode above age 70. With a little additional historical data on sex differences in tobacco use, the quadratic models help to paint a clear quantitative picture of behavior-led convergence in lung cancer mortality by sex. The shape of the sex-specific mortality curves have converged dramatically: since 1983, the sexes have had statistically indistinguishable shapes of their quadratic-Gompertz mortality curves. Female lung cancer mortality patterns have shown a transformation from a nonsmoking to a smoking pattern. The modal age of the quadratic-Gompertzian lung cancer death rates has potential application in countries at earlier stages of the global tobacco epidemic. Where the modal age is falling (year-on-year), we can infer that the local lung cancer epidemic is getting worse, and where it is rising, that it has begun to abate.
Active detection for exposing intelligent attacks in control systems

In this paper, we consider approaches for detecting integrity attacks carried out by intelligent and resourceful adversaries in control systems. Passive detection techniques are often incorporated to identify malicious behavior. Here, the defender utilizes finely-tuned algorithms to process information and make a binary decision, whether the system is healthy or under attack. We demonstrate that passive detection can be ineffective against adversaries with model knowledge and access to a set of input/output channels. We then propose active detection as a tool to detect attacks. In active detection, the defender leverages degrees of freedom he has in the system to detect the adversary. Specifically, the defender will introduce a physical secret kept hidden from the adversary, which can be utilized to authenticate the dynamics. In this regard, we carefully review two approaches for active detection: physical watermarking at the control input, and a moving target approach for generating system dynamics. We examine practical considerations for implementing these technologies and discuss future research directions.
Potential Roles of Blockchain in Fighting Poverty and Reducing Financial Exclusion in the Global South

The visible effects of blockchain are already being noted in the Global South. This editorial presents early evidence linking the use of blockchain in overcoming economic, social, and political challenges facing economies in the Global South. Highlighted are the key applications and uses of blockchain in addressing these challenges. The political, social, and economic effects of blockchain are systematically evaluated. This essay demonstrates how blockchain can help promote transparency, build trust and reputation, and enhance efficiency in transactions.
Sensitivity of eleven milkweed (Asclepias) species to ozone.

Abstract We exposed 11 milkweed species to ozone within continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) chambers in a greenhouse to determine species sensitivity and potential use as bioindicators to detect phytotoxic levels of ambient ozone. Asclepias syriaca (Common Milkweed), A. ovalifolia (Oval-leaf Milkweed), A. sullivantii (Prairie Milkweed), A. speciosa (Showy Milkweed), A. asperula (Spider Milkweed), A. incarnata (Swamp Milkweed), A exaltata (Tall Milkweed), and A. curassavica (Tropical Milkweed) developed typical ozone-induced dark stipple on the adaxial surface of older leaves. Tropical Milkweed also exhibited significant premature defoliation (accelerated leaf senescence). Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Milkweed), A. hirtella (Green Milkweed), and A. verticillata (Whorled Milkweed) were tolerant to ozone. Foliar stipple on Common Milkweed increased with ozone concentration and time. In addition to Common Milkweed, a bioindicator commonly used to detect phytotoxic levels of ozone, the other 7 ozone-sensit...
Superiority of F-18 FDG PET over Tl-201 SPECT in the evaluation of AIDS-associated brain lesions

1011 Central nervous system complications in patients with AIDS are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Evaluation of CNS lesions is challenging as both CNS lymphoma and non-neoplastic lesions can have similar clinical presentations and imaging findings. Both Tl-201 SPECT and FDG PET imaging of the brain have been used to differentiate malignancy from infection. This study investigates the accuracy of FDG PET compared to Tl-201 SPECT in the diagnosis of CNS lymphoma in patients with AIDS-associated CNS lesions. Methods: Nine patients with AIDS who were found to have rim enhancing brain lesions on MRI underwent both Tl-201 SPECT and FDG PET imaging prior to diagnosis. Diagnosis was made by stereotactic brain biopsy in 6 patients and clinical follow-up in the remaining 3. FDG PET of the brain was performed using a dedicated PET/CT instrument (GE Discovery) 1 hour following IV administration of 444 MBq FDG. Brain SPECT was performed on a dual head gamma camera (GE Hawkeye) following IV administration of 185 MBq Tl-201. Images were reviewed using MRI for anatomic correlation by 2 experienced nuclear medicine physicians blinded to the diagnosis. Results: 43 MRI lesions in 9 patients were evaluated. Clinically, 5 patients (18 lesions) were diagnosed with lymphoma (4 biopsy proven, 1 with known history of lymphoma), and 4 patients (25 lesions) were diagnosed with toxoplasmosis (2 with negative biopsies for malignancy, 2 with clinical course consistent with toxoplasmosis). FDG PET had true positive results for lymphoma in 5 of 5 patients, while Tl-201 SPECT was true positive in only 2 of 5. FDG PET had true negative results in 4 of 4 patients with toxoplasmosis, while Tl-201 had false positive results in 2 of 4. On a lesion basis, PET showed increased uptake of FDG in 8 of 18 brain lesions in patients with lymphoma, while SPECT showed increased uptake of Tl-201 in 4 of 18 lesions. Tl-201 was positive in 2 lesions in patients diagnosed with toxoplasmosis, while FDG PET had no false positive lesions. Conclusion: FDG PET proved to be superior to Tl-201 SPECT in the differentiation of CNS lymphoma from toxoplasmosis (overall accuracy 100% vs 44%, respectively). With the increasing availability of FDG PET, this test should supplant Tl-201 SPECT imaging as the “first line” study following conventional imaging (CT, MRI) of CNS lesions in AIDS patients.
Abstract TMP30: Activation of Neuronal NMDA Receptors After Ischemia as Signal to Trigger Neuronal Il-4 Production: Role in Microglia Polarization

After cerebral ischemia, the loss of blood supply triggers a series of pathological changes known as ischemic cascades. One of the key components of this cascade is excitotoxicity, triggered by the...
Language, Speech, and Movement

This chapter (“Language, Speech, Movement”) considers the function of language and verbal performance in the kinesthetic interchange between actors and spectators. Drawing upon the work of cognitive scientists and linguists, it explores two ways that language and speech condition theatrical kinesthesis. The first is through utterance, the kinetic process by which the body moves to produce meaningful sound. The second is through language itself, which—grounded in the body’s sensorimotor capacities—carries its own, linguistically embodied modes of action. In addition to continuing the discussion of Harold Pinter’s The Homecoming begun in Chap. 4, this chapter includes discussions of Eugene O’Neill’s The Emperor Jones, Shakespeare’s King Lear and Macbeth, and Complicite’s immersive theatre production The Encounter, with Simon McBurney.
Nothing to Be Sniffed At: Anosmin1 Tunes Fgf Diffusivity

The extracellular matrix plays both positive and negative roles in growth factor diffusion, a process critical for organ formation. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Wang et al. (2018) identify the extracellular matrix protein Anosmin1 as a key regulator of Fgf diffusion during sensory organ formation in zebrafish.
Microencapsulation of stearidonic acid soybean oil in complex coacervates modified for enhanced stability

Abstract The aim of this work was to compare encapsulation of stearidonic acid soybean oil (SDASO) by complex coacervation in the classical gelatin (GE)-gum arabic (GA) system with that of a Maillard reaction product (MRP). A portion of the control (microcapsules based on the GE-GA system) was cross-linked with transglutaminase (TG) after encapsulation. In the Maillard reaction (MR)-modified system, the gelatin-gum arabic mixture was cross-linked under controlled dry-heating conditions before use as encapsulating agent. The applicability of control, TG-, and MR-modified microcapsules in formulating SDASO-fortified yogurt was assessed for thermal and oxidative stability. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to confirm the covalent modification of encapsulants in TG- and MR-modified microcapsules. The MR-modified microcapsules displayed colloidal stability at conditions where the non-modified and TG-modified microcapsules were highly flocculated. ABTS free radical scavenging activity of control and modified GA-GE sols showed that antioxidant capacity was enhanced by MR but reduced by TG. The MR-modified microcapsules displayed superior oxidative stability during 28 days of storage at 4 °C compared to control, while the oxidative stability of TG-modified microcapsules was lowest. Based on the amount of oil released from microcapsules during heat treatment (85 °C for 30 min) in yogurt milk base, MR-modified microcapsules displayed the highest thermal stability. Furthermore, yogurts formulated with MR-modified microcapsules had the best oxidative stability during 14 days of storage at 4 °C demonstrating that the antioxidant components of MR-modified microcapsules had good carry-through properties.
Sampling of Patient Radiation Therapy Thermoplastic Immobilization Forms Reveals Several Types of Attached Bacteria.

Abstract Background Thermoplastic medical devices used during patient therapy have been shown to harbor microbes, including those causing healthcare–associated infections (HAI). This issue has not been previously evaluated for immobilization forms used during radiation therapy. The present study addresses this matter by sampling immobilization forms used during patient treatment to see if any microbes could be similarly recovered. Methods Twelve head-only in-use patient forms were sampled at 3 radiation therapy facilities. Sampled form areas included cheeks, forehead, and nose. A site survey was also conducted to determine individual form characteristics and form handling procedures. Results All twelve forms demonstrated at least one type of bacteria being recovered from sampled areas, several forms with multiple types. Bacterium was not recovered from the nose area of a single form, even though bacteria were recovered from the same form's cheeks and forehead areas. Recovered bacteria included Bacillus species spp. (21), coagulase-negative staphylococci or CoNS (19), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Enterococcus species (1), alpha-hemolytic (viridians) streptococci (1), and Gram-negative rods (1). Bacillus species spp. and CoNS were from 10 of 12 (∼84%) forms in at least one sampled area. In addition, a single Bacillus spp. was also recovered from a water bath used to heat forms at one treatment facility. Discussion The detected presence of several bacterial types on patient forms indicates that they can attach to and surviving, for a time, on form surfaces. Two of the bacteria recovered, namely S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. are confirmed HAI pathogens. The remainder are considered as opportunistic bacterial pathogens that can cause HAIs in debilitated patients. Of special concern is the recovery of several different species of the environmental bacterium Bacillus spp. at a higher level than CoNS, a normal skin bacterium. The ability of Bacillus spp. to form spores further enhances its survival capability on form surfaces. The source of the recovered bacteria, including Bacillus spp. was not determined. Conclusion The presence of bacteria on stored patient form surfaces indicates that there is a real potential to transfer them to the patient during its reapplication. The actual potential for microbe transfer such as Bacillus spp. or its spores has yet to be determined. Consequently, care should be taken by radiation therapy personnel in handling forms during patient reapplication. Precautions such as donning a fresh pair of gloves and cleaning a form with an approved disinfectant can help to reduce and/or eliminate unintended microbe transfer to the patient wearing it. This procedure should also be considered for patients without apparent open or leaking wounds.
Multi-stage evolution of heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma

Abstract The interaction of heavy flavor with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is studied using JETSCAPE, a publicly available software package containing a framework for Monte Carlo event generators. Multi-stage (and multi-model) evolution of heavy quarks within JETSCAPE provides a cohesive description of heavy flavor quenching inside the QGP. As the parton shower develops, a model becomes active as soon as its kinematic region of validity is reached. Two combinations of heavy-flavor energy-loss models are explored within a realistic QGP medium, using parameters which were tuned to describe light-flavor partonic energy-loss.
Emigrants vs. rural politics: Cosmopolitan outlooks and electoral opposition to agrarian parties

Abstract In many countries, agrarian political parties are important both to rural political representation and to government formation. Nevertheless, relatively little scholarly attention considers who votes for agrarian parties, or how institutional changes affect the relative electoral strength of such parties. This article postulates that cosmopolitan, globalized worldviews are particularly likely to lead voters to prefer alternatives to agrarian parties, and tests the argument with information about emigrant voters, a large bloc of identifiable voters tending to exemplify cosmopolitan perspectives. Analysis of elections across twenty-three European countries confirms that out-of-country voters are less likely to support agrarian parties than are their in-country counterparts, suggesting that forces leading to more cross-cultural, cosmopolitan identities may reduce the electoral weight of rural-focused parties. Evidence from Estonian elections shows that this reduced emigrant support for agrarian parties occurs whether migrants come from urban or from rural regions.
Can I Trust You? Do Pediatric Residents Write Safe Prescriptions?

Purpose: Pediatric residents are expected to write prescriptions for patients seen during their outpatient continuity clinic. Based on the Core Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for Entering Residency document, published in 2014 by the Association of American Medical Colleges, residents should be entrusted to write prescriptions and medication orders in all settings at the start of their residency training without direct supervision. This pilot study aimed to determine if Pediatric residents at The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences (UTCOMLS) were writing safe electronic pediatric prescriptions …
Benchmarking Critical Care Well-Being: Before and After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Objectives Examine well-being, measured as burnout and professional fulfillment, across critical care healthcare professionals, ICUs, and hospitals within a health system; examine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Design To complement a longitudinal survey administered to medical critical care physicians at the end of an ICU rotation, which began in May 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among critical care professionals across four hospitals in December 2018 to January 2019. We report the results of the cross-sectional survey and, to examine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the longitudinal survey results from July 2019 to May 2020. Setting Academic medical center. Subjects Four-hundred eighty-one critical care professionals, including 353 critical care nurses, 58 advanced practice providers, 57 physicians, and 13 pharmacists, participated in the cross-sectional survey; 15 medical critical care physicians participated in the longitudinal survey through the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Burnout was present in 50% of ICU clinicians, ranging from 42% for critical care physicians to 55% for advanced practice providers. Professional fulfillment was less common at 37%, with significant variability across provider (p = 0.04), with a low of 23% among critical care pharmacists and a high of 53% among physicians. Well-being varied significantly at the hospital and ICU level. Workload and job demand were identified as drivers of burnout and meaning in work, culture and values of work community, control and flexibility, and social support and community at work were each identified as drivers of well-being. Between July 2019 and March 2020, burnout and professional fulfillment were present in 35% (15/43) and 58% (25/43) of medical critical care physician responses, respectively. In comparison, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, burnout and professional fulfillment were present in 57% (12/21) and 38% (8/21), respectively. Conclusions Burnout was common across roles, yet differed across ICUs and hospitals. Professional fulfillment varied by provider role. We identified potentially modifiable factors related to clinician well-being that can inform organizational strategies at the ICU and hospital level. Longitudinal studies, designed to assess the long-term impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the well-being of the critical care workforce, are urgently needed.
A Deterministic Hitting-Time Moment Approach to Seed-set Expansion over a Graph

We introduce HITMIX, a new technique for network seed-set expansion, i.e., the problem of identifying a set of graph vertices related to a given seed-set of vertices. We use the moments of the graph's hitting-time distribution to quantify the relationship of each non-seed vertex to the seed-set. This involves a deterministic calculation for the hitting-time moments that is scalable in the number of graph edges and so avoids directly sampling a Markov chain over the graph. The moments are used to fit a mixture model to estimate the probability that each non-seed vertex should be grouped with the seed set. This membership probability enables us to sort the non-seeds and threshold in a statistically-justified way. To the best of our knowledge, HITMIX is the first full statistical model for seed-set expansion that can give vertex-level membership probabilities. While HITMIX is a global method, its linear computation complexity in practice enables computations on large graphs. We have a high-performance implementation, and we present computational results on stochastic blockmodels and a small-world network from the SNAP repository. The state of the art in this problem is a collection of recently developed local methods, and we show that distinct advantages in solution quality are available if our global method can be used. In practice, we expect to be able to run HITMIX if the graph can be stored in memory.
Sustainability innovation enabled by digital entrepreneurship in franchise organizations

In responding to United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, using digital entrepreneurship to replicate proven sustainability innovation is an effective approach to scaling up the franchise systems to achieve the goals The authors show a platform of sustainability innovation enabled by digital entrepreneurship in nurturing a trusted franchisor-franchisee relationship to grow the franchise system The platform is a digital nervous system consisting of technology networks, social networks, value networks, and responsive networks The platform is grounded in synergistically integrating the digital capability of developing and disseminating working knowledge globally and effective entrepreneurial solutions locally Sustainability innovation through such a methodology is a win-win approach to both franchisor and franchisees An exemplar illustration of how franchise systems help in the fight against COVID-19 is included © 2021, IGI Global Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited
Impossible Choices: Balancing Safety and Security in Domestic Violence Representation

Domestic violence victims often face the impossible choice between physical safety and financial security. State intervention can offer some protection to victims, but enlisting the criminal justice system through reporting domestic violence or restraining order violations can have drastic financial consequences. Involving the state is likely to lead to sanctions for the abuser which would ultimately deprive the victim of child support, alimony, and other financial support, which may be the totality of the victim’s financial resources. To avoid this result, many victims refuse to enforce court orders intended to maximize their safety. This article examines the context in which victims must “choose” between physical safety and financial security and the lawyer’s difficult position when a client prioritizes financial stability. Using a compelling case study that exemplifies this impossible choice, the article examines the role of economic dependence in victim decision-making; reasons why victims avoid protections offered by the criminal justice system; issues of capacity, competence, and the Rules of Professional Responsibility in representing victims; the different models of client-centered lawyering and cause lawyering; and recent social science work on the ability to predict future domestic violence based on current behavior. The authors view this through the lens of law school clinical programs, and the experiences of students who work on the cases and what limitations, if any, there are to clinical representation when the client trades safety for economic stability.
COVID-19 and Environmental Racism: Challenges and Recommendations

COVID-19, the pandemic of highly contagious respiratory disease, presents a global public health emergency. Racial and ethnic minority groups in the USA are more likely to contract, be hospitalized with, and die from COVID-19 versus whites, highlighting glaring health disparities. Injustices such as the persistent issue of police brutality against Blacks in the USA, along with the racial disparities and inequities underscored by the COVID-19 pandemic, have brought renewed global focus to issues of social justice in the USA. Moreover, there is a need to examine how environmental racism intensifies the COVID-19 pandemic and illuminates racial inequities in exposure to environmental pollutants. This article describes environmental racism and its impact on people of color in the USA, critically examines how this practice elevates disease risk among racial and ethnic minorities already susceptible to COVID-19, and proposes recommendations to tackle this pervasive issue.
Image and structured data analysis for prognostication of health outcomes in patients presenting to the Emergency Department during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with COVID-19 symptoms are routinely required to have chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans. COVID-19 infection has been directly related to development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severe infections lead to admission to intensive care and can also lead to death. The use of clinical data in machine learning models available at time of admission to ED can be used to assess possible risk of ARDS, need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission as well as risk of mortality. In addition, chest radiographs can be inputted into a deep learning model to further assess these risks. Purpose: This research aimed to develop machine and deep learning models using both structured clinical data and image data from the electronic health record (EHR) to adverse outcomes following ED admission. Materials and Methods: Light Gradient Boosting Machines (LightGBM) was used as the main machine learning algorithm using all clinical data including 42 variables. Compact models were also developed using 15 the most important variables to increase applicability of the models in clinical settings. To predict risk of the aforementioned health outcome events, transfer learning from the CheXNet model was implemented on our data as well. This research utilized clinical data and chest radiographs of 3571 patients 18 years and older admitted to the emergency department between 9th March 2020 and 29th October 2020 at Loyola University Medical Center. Main Findings: Our research results show that we can detect COVID-19 infection (AUC = 0.790 (0.746-0.835)) and predict the risk of developing ARDS (AUC = 0.781 (0.690-0.872), ICU admission (AUC = 0.675 (0.620-0.713)), and mortality (AUC = 0.759 (0.678-0.840)) at moderate accuracy from both chest X-ray images and clinical data. Principal Conclusions: The results can help in clinical decision making, especially when addressing ARDS and mortality, during the assessment of patients admitted to the ED with or without COVID-19 symptoms.