cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of hormones on the killing by antibody and complement of tumor cells treated with proteolytic enzymes

Abstract Line-10 guinea pig hepatoma cells are normally resistant to killing by antibody plus GPC but they are susceptible to killing by antibody plus HuC. Pretreatment of the cells with selected proteolytic enzymes renders the cells susceptible to killing by antibody plus GPC, whereas pretreatment with polypeptide, catecholamine, or steroid hormones renders the cells more resistant to killing by antibody plus HuC. Hormone pretreated tumor cells incubated with proteolytic enzymes remained resistant to antibody-GPC-mediated killing. Enzyme-pretreated cells incubated with hormones were either sensitive or resistant to antibody-GPC-mediated killing depending on the enzyme used to pretreat the cells, the enzyme concentration, the hormone class, and the specificity of the antibody used to sensitized the cells. The enzyme pretreated cells were able to bind amounts of hormone sufficient to render the cells resistant to humoral immune killing. These results suggest that the hormones exert their effects on certain areas of the tumor cell membrane rather than having a generalized effect on the cells. It is postulated that proteins, along with complex lipids, participate in the mechanism whereby tumor cells resist humoral immune killing.
Kinematics of Spruce Creek rock glacier, Colorado, USA

A 14 year kinematic survey of Spruce Creek rock glacier, Colorado, USA, provides information on rates and controls of surface strain. Steel-tape measurements of differential movement yield data of cm-scale accuracy, sufficient to assess strain patterns over small portions of the very slowly deforming rock glacier. Flow rates are typically <10cm a -1 , and measured strain rates range from 1.0 × 10 -5 a -1 to 1.5 × 10 -3 a -1 . The primary control on longitudinal strain is changing surface slope, with extending flow occurring in areas of down-valley increase in slope, and compressing flow in areas of down-valley slope decrease. Relatively high strain rates are associated with higher flow velocities and with the impingement of faster-flowing up-valley portions of the rock glacier on the slower-moving lower portion. Overall strain rates decreased through the study period, probably as a result of a slowing of the upper part of the rock glacier. Transverse ridges are associated with longitudinal shortening, caused by either slope changes or impingement of faster-moving sections of the rock glacier on slower-moving sections, but transverse ridges do not occur in every area of strong longitudinal shortening.
Practitioners' Use of Theory: Examples from a Workgroup

There is a continuing discussion within the field of health education about the relationship between theory and practice. Much of this discussion, particularly that which appears in professional journals, has been developed by academicians and is prescriptive. That is, it identifies ways in which theory should be used by practitioners. The purpose of this article is to facilitate this ongoing discussion by providing descriptive information on how theory is used by a group of health educators who work for the same organization. This information is used as a springboard for discussion more generally about the nature of theory in health education. This article represents the thinking and experiences of a dozen health professionals, in reaction to the question. "How do you use theory in your practice?" The authors believe this information will be useful in helping theoreticians develop more useful theory and helping practitioners increase their understanding of the utility of good theory. The division between theory and practice in the field of health education represents a significant opportunity and challenge to the discipline if energy can be redirected from criticism of the other "camp" to effective collaboration and enhanced effectiveness of health education efforts.
Immune Consequences of Protracted Host-Tumor Interactions in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Mammary Carcinoma

A transgenic mouse model of autochthonous mammary carcinoma was chosen to study the impact of tumor progression on the immune system over an extended period. We found: i) that splenocyte numbers, particularly myeloid cells, increased concurrently with tumor burden; ii) the percentage of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells was similar to that in human breast cancer; iii) suppressed T cell proliferation and cytokine production and; iv) significantly elevated MCP-1 and TNF-α in the sera of tumor-bearing mice. The modified immune status in these tumor-bearing hosts is consistent with a “syndrome” that likely impacts the efficacy of cancer immunosurveillance and response to therapy.
The condition of the least‐squares finite element matrices

Summary A universal, practical, a priori, numerical procedure is presented by which to realistically bind the spectral condition number of the global stiffness matrix generated by the finite element least-squares method. The procedure is then applied to second and fourth-order problems in one and two dimensions to show that the condition of the global stiffness matrix thus generated is, in all instances, proportional to but the diameter of the element squared. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Français et créole : contact de langues aux Antilles

Cet expose examine le contact entre francais et creole aux Antilles, en se basant sur le cas de la Guadeloupe. L'hypothese soutenue est que le contact prolonge entre ces deux langues a entraine l'assimilation d'un certain nombre de traits creoles dans la variete regionale de francais parlee aux Antilles. Apres un survol de quelques caracteristiques partagees entre les deux langues, l'expose se concentre sur la realisation des contours intonatifs en creole guadeloupeen et en francais antillais. Je propose d'abord une description du systeme intonatif en creole. Les donnees pour cette etude furent collectees en Guadeloupe aupres de locuteurs ayant grandi dans des foyers monolingues. Les donnees ont fait l'objet d'une analyse instrumentale dans le cadre de la phonologie autosegmentale-metrique, initialement developpee par Pierrehumbert et Beckman. Parmi les caracteristiques saillantes de ce systeme on peut signaler la succession d'un mot prosodique marque avec une montee en syllabe finale immediatement suivi d'un mot marque par un debut en ton haut, suivi d'une descente sur la penultieme. Ces proeminences en position finale et penultieme ponctuent le discours en creole. L'examen de discours spontane en francais antillais montre que les locuteurs antillais font un usage etendu de la meme structure avec montee en finale suivie d'une descente dans le mot suivant. Il est particulierement interessant de remarquer que ce patron intonatif accroit le nombre de proeminences en debut et milieu de mot en francais antillais, ce qui le distingue particulierement du francais de l'Hexagone. Les similarites entre creole et francais antillais s'expliquent par deux facteurs. D'abord un fond commun provenant du francais colonial a servi de base a la formation du creole. Il est aussi l'ancetre du francais antillais. Par ailleurs, cependant, il est fortement possible qu'il y a eu des reports de traits du creole au francais par des generations d'Antillais monolingues a la naissance, qui n'acqueraient le francais que dans le cadre scolaire en tant que langue seconde.
Triple Stigma: Persons with Mental Illness and Substance Abuse Problems in the Criminal Justice System

This article offers a review of the literature that exists on individuals with dual diagnosis and discusses policies creating the trajectories for mentally ill individuals with substance abuse problems and their community reentry after involvement with the criminal justice system. For this analysis, basic comparisons are made across mentally ill individuals involved with the criminal justice system and the dually diagnosed portion of the population and an analysis of the current trajectory and postincarceration disposition of the dually diagnosed group. The differences between offenders with mental illness and the dually diagnosed are pronounced. The dually diagnosed are more likely to be serving sentences related to their substance use, to be homeless and violate probation after release, and recidivate to correctional custody. An examination of substance abuse histories, short-term community outcomes, and service trends 3 months postrelease suggests public policy and social service directions.
Population Ecology of the Eastern Box Turtle in a Fragmented Landscape

Abstract In the mid-Atlantic region, urban sprawl and development have resulted in habitat alterations and fragmentation; however, the effects on eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) populations are unclear. To investigate the status of eastern box turtle populations in a fragmented landscape, we used mark–recapture and radiotelemetry to estimate population density, sex ratio, age structure, and survival on 4 study areas with differing degrees of isolation and human disturbance in northern New Castle County, Delaware, USA. We estimated adult population densities ranging from 0.81 turtles/ha to 3.62 turtles/ha among our 4 study areas. Sex ratios were male-biased at 2 study areas and balanced at 2 study areas. Proportion of juveniles ranged from 0% to 31%. Estimated annual survival rate ranged from 0.813 to 0.977. Mortality of radiotagged and marked turtles was primarily due to natural causes, but mowing was the primary cause of human-induced mortality. We found evidence of population decline at...
Sonic and mechanical toothbrushes. An in vitro study showing altered microbial surface structures but lack of effect on viability.

Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to compare the in vitro effects of a mechanical and a sonic toothbrush on the viability of Actinomyces viscosus, the rationale being that induction of irreparable microbial damage resulting from aggressive mechanical action or sonic energy, may inhibit or disrupt the process of successional colonization. Cultures of A. viscosus were grown to a standardized optical density and subdivided into 3 treatment groups of 20 specimens each. Treatment groups consisted of an untreated control and exposure to a mechanical or sonic toothbrush for 15, 30, 45, and 60 s. Subsequent to the prescribed treatment, samples were taken from each specimen dish, subcultured, and the number of CFUs determined. Additional samples were obtained for negative staining and examination by electron microscopy. The mean number of CFUs for each treatment group at each treatment interval were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and multiple pairwise comparisons. Results showed a significant main effect for toothbrushes (p < 0.0001) and exposure time (p < 0.01), but only marginal significance for the interaction of toothbrush with exposure time (p 0.055). Posthoc tests showed a significantly greater number of CFUs for the sonic toothbrush compared to both the untreated control and mechanical toothbrush groups. Electron microscopic examination revealed a decrease in aggregation tendency and loss of fimbriae in the sonic toothbrush group. Based on the lack of morphologic evidence that would indicate cell damage and the increase in CFUs over that of the control group, it appeared that neither the mechanical or sonic toothbrushes affected cell viability.
Ecological and social correlates of chimpanzee tool use

The emergence of technology has been suggested to coincide with scarcity of staple resources that led to innovations in the form of tool-assisted strategies to diversify or augment typical diets. We examined seasonal patterns of several types of tool use exhibited by a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) population residing in central Africa, to determine whether their technical skills provided access to fallback resources when preferred food items were scarce. Chimpanzees in the Goualougo Triangle exhibit a diverse repertoire of tool behaviours, many of which are exhibited throughout the year. Further, they have developed specific tool sets to overcome the issues of accessibility to particular food items. Our conclusion is that these chimpanzees use a sophisticated tool technology to cope with seasonal changes in relative food abundance and gain access to high-quality foods. Subgroup sizes were smaller in tool using contexts than other foraging contexts, suggesting that the size of the social group may not be as important in promoting complex tool traditions as the frequency and type of social interactions. Further, reports from other populations and species showed that tool use may occur more often in response to ecological opportunities and relative profitability of foraging techniques than scarcity of resources.
Child maltreatment, attachment, and the self system: Emergence of an internal state lexicon in toddlers at high social risk

The ability to talk about the internal states (ISs) and feelings of self and other is an age-appropriate development of late toddlerhood hypothesized to reflect toddlers' emergent self–other understanding and to be fundamental to the regulation of social interaction. This study examined the effects of child maltreatment on the emergence of low-socioeconomic status 30-month-old toddlers' IS lexicons. Children's lexicons were derived both from maternal interviews and from observations of children's spontaneous IS utterances in four laboratory contexts. Results from both data sources indicated that maltreated toddlers produced significantly fewer IS words, fewer IS word types, and proportionately fewer IS words denoting physiological states and negative affect than nonmaltreated toddlers. In addition, maltreated toddlers were more context bound in IS language use and more restricted in their attributions of internal states to self and other. Gender differences were also observed. Individual differences in children's IS language production were significantly related to general linguistic maturity in both groups but to toddlers' conversational skills only in the comparison group. In addition, a cumulative risk model describing the effects of the child's attachment relationship with the caregiver on early IS language was tested. Toddlers most severely at risk (maltreated/insecure) had the most compromised IS language. Thus, secure attachment may serve as a protective mechanism against self-dysfunction in maltreated toddlers.
Rastafari Dialectism: the epistemological individualism and conectivism of Rastafari

L'A. explore la nature essentiellement dialectique du mouvement rastafari, du point de vue de son orientation en meme temps collective et individualiste. Il soutient que, d'un cote, le rastafarisme est caracterise par une forte consideration pour l'individualite, en raison de son insistance sur liberte radicale de l'individu ; mais, d'un autre cote, le mouvement rasta est caracterise par une forte inclinaison pour le collectivisme, le communalisme et la communaute, en raison de son ethos anti-capitaliste et anti-materialiste. En conclusion, l'A. insiste sur la maniere restrictive dont le Je et le concept du Je ont ete interpretes par certains auteurs. Il suggere que le Je et la terminologie du Je des rastafaris ne sont pas limites a la personne individuelle et son Moi divin, mais qu'ils peuvent egalement faire reference a un groupe entier. De ce point de vue, il existe clairement une dimension collective dans le Je et le concept du Je.
Arguing About Values: The Problem of Public Moral Argument

There is a tension between democracy, which requires acknowledgment of human fallibility, and moral principle, which individuals normally hold with certainty. Partly for this reason, it is often difficult and uncomfortable to argue about moral values in a democratic public sphere. After exploring this tension, the essay identifies levels, strategies, and tactics for arguments about values, with illustrations of each. Although individuals may hold moral principles with certainty, public discourse about values necessarily must be inconclusive.
The Work of Accreditation On-site Evaluators Enhancing the Development of a Profession

The purpose of this study was to explore the work of on-site evaluators in the physical therapy accreditation process. Specifically, this research investigated how the accreditation on-site visit may serve as a method for defining the dominant values of a developing profession. A set of criteria selected from the literature describing the process of professionalization served as an operational model of professional values for the study. The model served as the framework for analysis and categorization of the professional values that evaluators emphasized during the on-site visits. The qualitative data collection methods of interview, nonparticipant observation, and document analysis were used in constructing case studies of five physical therapy education program accreditation visits. Results of this research indicated that on-site evaluators represent an elite community within the field and share similar values about the profession. These shared values about the professionalization of physical therapy formed the basis for evaluators' interpretation of accreditation standards. Evaluators' emphasis on the professional values that focus on defining and validating the body of knowledge in physical therapy and faculty endorsement of the norms of the academic work place have implications for the continued professionalization of physical therapy.
Online feedback enhances early consolidation of motor sequence learning and reverses recall deficit from transcranial stimulation of motor cortex

Feedback and monetary reward can enhance motor skill learning, suggesting reward system involvement. Continuous theta burst (cTBS) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor area (M1) disrupts processing, reduces excitability and impairs motor learning. To see whether feedback and reward can overcome the learning impairment associated with M1 cTBS, we delivered real or sham stimulation to two groups of participants before they performed a motor sequence learning task with and without feedback. Participants were trained on two intermixed sequences, one occurring 85% of the time (the "probable" sequence) and the other 15% of the time (the "improbable" sequence). We measured sequence learning as the difference in reaction time (RT) and error rate between probable and improbable trials (RT and error difference scores). Participants were also tested for sequence recall with the same indices of learning 60 min after cTBS. Real stimulation impaired initial sequence learning and sequence knowledge recall as measured by error difference scores and impaired sequence knowledge recall as measured by RT difference score. Relative to non-feedback learning, the introduction of feedback during sequence learning improved subsequent sequence knowledge recall indexed by RT difference score, in both real and sham stimulation groups and feedback reversed the RT difference score based sequence knowledge recall impairment from real cTBS that we observed in the non-feedback learning condition. Only the real cTBS group in the non-feedback condition showed no evidence of explicit sequence knowledge when tested at the end of the study. Feedback improves recall of implicit and explicit motor sequence knowledge and can protect sequence knowledge against the effect of M1 inhibition. Adding feedback and monetary reward/punishment to motor skill learning may help overcome retention impairments or accelerate training in clinical and other settings.
Infectious Abortion of Swine

Records in our laboratory indicate either that the importance of the loss due to abortion of swine is becoming more appreciated, or that there is an alarming increase in its prevalence. A search of the literature reveals one paper on the subject. Good and Smith 1 studied three field outbreaks and report the causative agent to be B. abortus (Bang), which they succeeded in isolating from an aborted fetus. For the past five years a portion of the routine work of this laboratory has consisted of making agglutination tests of blood from cattle suspected of infection with abortion disease. Occasionally, blood samples from swine have been received for the same test, and these were tested with the same cattle strain antigen. The results of these tests are recorded here, with a brief history of the herd when available.
Nutritional value for swine of soybean meal produced by isopropyl alcohol extraction

Three experiments were conducted to compare the nutritional value of soybean meal produced by extraction with 95% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or hexane (HEX) for swine. The same batch of soybeans and the same processing equipment were used to produce both soybean meals. Analyzed contents of the IPA and HEX meals were, respectively: CP, 48.7, 47.0%; lysine, 3.11, 3.06%; urease, .24, .13 delta pH. In Exp. 1, two soybean meals and dietary lysine at .90 or 1.25% were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Corn-based diets were fed to 32-d-old pigs for 26 d. There were no dietary lysine x soybean meal interactions (P > or = .35). Increasing dietary lysine increased (P < .001) ADG and gain/ feed, but soybean meal source did not affect performance. In Exp. 2, the nutritional value of HEX and IPA meals were evaluated in a N balance study using 34-kg barrows and isonitrogenous corn-based diets containing equal N from either HEX or IPA. Apparent total tract N and DM digestibility were similar for both diets. Nitrogen retention (14.4 vs 13.7 g/d, P < .10) and apparent biological value (56.5 vs 54.5%, P < .05) were slightly higher for HEX than for IPA. The effect of feeding HEX and IPA meals on morphological changes of small intestine in pigs weaned at 21 d of age was investigated in the last experiment. At 28 d of age, weaned pigs that were fed diets containing either HEX or IPA and unweaned control pigs were killed for the examination. Villus height and lamina propria depth at the duodenum were similar among all treatments. At the jejunum, weaned pigs had smaller (P < .05) villus height and greater lamina propria depths (P < .001) than unweaned pigs. Dietary soybean meal source did not affect villus height, but lamina propria depth was less (P < .10) for pigs fed IPA. The results of these experiments indicate that soybean meals produced using IPA or HEX as the solvent have equal nutritional value for swine.
The Complete Mechanism of an Aldol Condensation

Although aldol condensation is one of the most important organic reactions, capable of forming new C-C bonds, its mechanism has never been fully established. We now conclude that the rate-limiting step in the base-catalyzed aldol condensation of benzaldehydes with acetophenones, to produce chalcones, is the final loss of hydroxide and formation of the C═C bond. This conclusion is based on a study of the partitioning ratios of the intermediate ketols and on the solvent kinetic isotope effects, whereby the condensations are faster in D2O than in H2O, regardless of substitution.
Second- and Third-Order Elastic Constants of Filaments of HexTow® IM7 Carbon Fiber

Single filaments of HexTow® IM7-12K carbon fiber were subjected to tensile measurements on a device which applies a known stress σ, and measures the resulting strain e, and the change in resistivity Δρ. Young’s modulus E, the resistivity ρ, the piezoresistivity Δρ/ρe, and the nonlinearity in the stress-strain relation δ, were determined to be 264.1 ± 16.0 GPa, 1.5 ± 0.1 × 10−3 Ω cm, 1.3 ± 0.1, and −4.96 ± 0.23, respectively. The values obtained for Young’s modulus and the resistivity of the fiber are in reasonable agreement with the values reported by the manufacturer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a measurement of a third-order elastic constant of a single filament of HexTow® IM7-12K. Given the high elastic strains attainable in these fibers and the negative value of δ, the usual calculation of E from a linear fit to the stress-strain data leads to an incorrect higher value of E. According to the accepted thermodynamic definition of the elastic constants, one must use the initial slope of the stress-strain curve to evaluate E. We also observed that the glue used to secure the fiber has an influence on the apparent modulus of the fiber.
Models and algorithms for job selection, routing, and scheduling in a flexible manufacturing system

This paper considers a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) comprised of programmable machine tools capable of performing multiple operations and which are interconnected by computer-controlled automated material handling equipment. The specific problem addressed is similar to a job-shop problem in which at least a certain number of each of several types of jobs needs to be performed on a given set of machines. The factor which contributes to the flexibility in the system is that each job can be performed in a variety of ways, with each possible manner of performing it called an “alternate routing combination” (ARC). An ARC for a job specifies the number of operations and the associated machine sequence. The problem is to select a set of jobs to be performed along with their associated ARCs, and to schedule their operations on the machines so as to minimize the makespan. This problem is mathematically modelled, and exact and heuristic algorithms are presented together with computational results.
Scaling invariance and a characterization of linear objective functions

A decision-maker who aims to select the "best" collection of alternatives from the finite set of available ones might be severely restricted in the design of the selection method. If the representation of valuations of available alternatives is subject to invariance under linear scaling, such as the choice of the unit of measurement, a sensible way to compare choices is to compare weighted sums of individual valuations corresponding to these choices. This scaling invariance, in conjunction with additional reasonable axioms, provides a characterization of linear 0-1 programming objective functions. The problem of finding an optimal subset of available data to be aggregated, allowing for use of different aggregation methods for different subsets of data, is also addressed. If the input data in the optimal aggregation problem are measured on a ratio scale and if the aggregation must be unanimous and symmetric, the arithmetic mean is the only sensible aggregation method.
Solution to the low-frequency breakdown in full-wave finite-element based analysis of general lossy problems

A solution is developed to overcome the low-frequency breakdown of a full-wave finite-element-based analysis of general lossy problems, where the dielectric and conductor loss can co-exist and both are inhomogeneously distributed. This solution is rigorous from high frequencies all the way down to zero frequency. It explicitly reveals the frequency dependence of the field solution in general lossy settings, based on which a fast solution is also developed for solving the low-frequency breakdown. Numerical experiments have validated the proposed method.
Emergent anthropogenic trends in California Current upwelling

Upwelling in the California Current System (CCS) sustains a productive ecosystem and is mediated by alongshore, equatorward wind stress. A decades-old hypothesis proposes that global warming will accelerate these upwelling-favorable winds. Recent analyses provide empirical support for upwelling intensification in the poleward portion of the CCS. However, these studies rely on proxies for upwelling and are limited in their ability to distinguish anthropogenic forcing from internal climate variability. Here, we estimate simulated changes in CCS upwelling from 1920 to 2100 using monthly output from a single climate model ensemble, where divergences among simulations can be attributed entirely to internal climate variability. Our projections suggest that CCS upwelling will become more intense in the spring and less intense in the summer as a result of anthropogenic climate change. Anthropogenic changes in upwelling will emerge primarily in the second half of the century.
A hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for computing nonlocal electromagnetic effects in three-dimensional metallic nanostructures

Abstract The interaction of light with metallic nanostructures produces a collective excitation of electrons at the metal surface, also known as surface plasmons. These collective excitations lead to resonances that enable the confinement of light in deep-subwavelength regions, thereby leading to large near-field enhancements. The simulation of plasmon resonances presents notable challenges. From the modeling perspective, the realistic behavior of conduction-band electrons in metallic nanostructures is not captured by Maxwell's equations, thus requiring additional modeling. From the simulation perspective, the disparity in length scales stemming from the extreme field localization demands efficient and accurate numerical methods. In this paper, we develop the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method to solve Maxwell's equations augmented with the hydrodynamic model for the conduction-band electrons in noble metals. This method enables the efficient simulation of plasmonic nanostructures while accounting for the nonlocal interactions between electrons and the incident light. We introduce a novel postprocessing scheme to recover superconvergent solutions and demonstrate the convergence of the proposed HDG method for the simulation of a 2D gold nanowire and a 3D periodic annular nanogap structure. The results of the hydrodynamic model are compared to those of a simplified local response model, showing that differences between them can be significant at the nanoscale.
Effect of environmental enrichment on aggression in BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice monitored by using an automated system

Aggression among mice remains a common undesirable problem in laboratory settings, and animal welfare and scientific outcomes may become compromised depending on the severity of aggression. This study evaluated the effect of cage enrichment comprising a bilevel, mounted ‘mezzanine’ compared with a cotton square or shelter on intracage male aggression over a 6-wk period. Our first study involved home-cage behavioral challenges to male mice from a high-aggression substrain (BALB/cJ) and low-aggression substrain (BALB/cByJ). Aggressive interactions and locomotor activity were scored manually and then compared with measures of activity obtained by using a continuous automated home-cage monitoring system, the Digital Ventilated Caging (DVC) system. BALB/cJ mice exhibited similar levels of aggression across housing conditions, whereas BALB/cByJ mice had lower aggression when housed with a mezzanine. In the second study, videorecordings and continuous DVC automated measures were collected over 24 h and divided into 12-h light and dark phases. BALB/cByJ mice—but not BALB/cJ—mice had increased aggressive behaviors during the dark phase. However, the DVC detected higher activity levels during the dark phase, compared with the light phase, in both substrains. Elevated activity levels recorded by the DVC correlated with fighting bouts and high levels of locomotion. These results show that a bilevel structural form of enrichment reduces aggression, depending on the BALB/c substrain, and confirms higher aggression levels in the BALB/cJ substrain. In addition, our findings provide evidence that the DVC is effective in identifying mouse cages with patterns of high activity levels, signaling possible aggression incidences, thus potentially allowing for early intervention and consequently improving animal welfare.
NUMA-Caffe: NUMA-Aware Deep Learning Neural Networks

Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs), a special subcategory of Deep Learning Neural Networks (DNNs), have become increasingly popular in industry and academia for their powerful capability in pattern classification, image processing, and speech recognition. Recently, they have been widely adopted in High Performance Computing (HPC) environments for solving complex problems related to modeling, runtime prediction, and big data analysis. Current state-of-the-art designs for DNNs on modern multi- and many-core CPU architectures, such as variants of Caffe, have reported promising performance in speedup and scalability, comparable with the GPU implementations. However, modern CPU architectures employ Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) technique to integrate multiple sockets, which incurs unique challenges for designing highly efficient CNN frameworks. Without a careful design, DNN frameworks can easily suffer from long memory latency due to a large number of memory accesses to remote NUMA domains, resulting in poor scalability. To address this challenge, we propose NUMA-aware multi-solver-based CNN design, named NUMA-Caffe, for accelerating deep learning neural networks on multi- and many-core CPU architectures. NUMA-Caffe is independent of DNN topology, does not impact network convergence rates, and provides superior scalability to the existing Caffe variants. Through a thorough empirical study on four contemporary NUMA-based multi- and many-core architectures, our experimental results demonstrate that NUMA-Caffe significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art Caffe designs in terms of both throughput and scalability.
Staphylococcus aureus biofilms release leukocidins to elicit extracellular trap formation and evade neutrophil-mediated killing.

Bacterial biofilms efficiently evade immune defenses, greatly complicating the prognosis of chronic infections. How methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms evade host immune defenses is largely unknown. This study describes some of the major mechanisms required for S. aureus biofilms to evade the innate immune response and provides evidence of key virulence factors required for survival and persistence of bacteria during chronic infections. Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in circulation, playing crucial roles in the control and elimination of bacterial pathogens. Specifically, here we show that, unlike single-celled populations, S. aureus biofilms rapidly skew neutrophils toward neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation through the combined activity of leukocidins Panton–Valentine leukocidin and γ-hemolysin AB. By eliciting this response, S. aureus was able to persist, as the antimicrobial activity of released NETs was ineffective at clearing biofilm bacteria. Indeed, these studies suggest that NETs could inadvertently potentiate biofilm infections. Last, chronic infection in a porcine burn wound model clearly demonstrated that leukocidins are required for “NETosis” and facilitate bacterial survival in vivo.
Privacy-aware identity lifecycle management

Privacy-aware identity lifecycle management processes must be put in place by enterprises to effectively manage the lifecycle of personal and confidential information according to privacy (law) requirements – over time and across various contexts and solutions. As anticipated, this includes dealing with data retention, data deletion, satisfying notice requirements, supporting data transformations and management of complex workflows. Privacy obligation policies can be used to express these expectations and also take into account user preferences.
Poly( β -amino esters): Procedures for Synthesis and Gene Delivery

Non-viral gene delivery systems are promising as they avoid many problems of viral gene therapy by having increased design flexibility, high safety, large DNA cargo capacity, and ease of manufacture. Here, we describe the use of polymeric vectors, in particular biodegradable poly(beta-amino esters) (PBAEs), for non-viral gene delivery. These polymers are able to self-assemble with DNA and form positively charged gene delivery nanoparticles. Methods for synthesis of these polymers, particle self-assembly, and transfection using these particles are delineated. A standard protocol is presented as well as a high-throughput screening technique that can be used to more quickly optimize transfection parameters for efficient delivery.
Design and implementation of a cloud-based assured information sharing system

The advent of cloud computing and the continuing movement toward software as a service (SaaS) paradigms have posed an increasing need for assured information sharing (AIS) as a service in the cloud. This paper describes the first of its kind assured information sharing system that operates in a cloud. The idea is for each organization to store their data and the information sharing policies in a cloud. The information is shared according to the policies. We describe a cloud-based information sharing framework that utilizes Semantic Web technologies; our framework consists of a policy engine that reasons about the policies for information sharing purposes and a secure data engine that stores and queries data in the cloud. We also describe the operation of our system with example policies.
Comoviruses: Identification and Diseases Caused

The comoviruses are remarkably similar in many of their properties, such as the size and morphology of their particles and the sizes of their particle proteins and RNA components. They do not differ consistently in physical properties, such as thermal inactivation point (60–75 °C), longevity in vitro (a few weeks), and dilution endpoint (10-3-10-5). All comoviruses are good antigens and several are serologically related to others. All are, or are presumed to be, transmitted by leaf-feeding beetles. Their pathology, epidemiology, and control were reviewed by Stace-Smith (1981).
Measuring and monitoring health-related quality of life responsiveness in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: current perspectives.

Objective Little is known about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) responsiveness in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, compared to other chronic diseases. This review summarizes the available data in HRQoL responsiveness and sensitivity to change in SLE, and recommends directions for research and clinical application. Methods A review of the literature was conducted reporting on HRQoL responsiveness in adult SLE patients between 1984 and 2018. HRQoL studies were assessed for responsiveness, sensitivity of change, minimal important differences, minimal clinical important differences, or change in improvement or deterioration. Results Responsiveness or sensitivity to change in health-related status was observed in Medical Outcome Survey Short Form-36, SLE Symptom Checklist, EuroQoL, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 6D. SLE-specific quality of life questionnaire demonstrated greater responsiveness than the individual domains of SF-36. Lupus quality of life showed large responsiveness when there was improvement. LupusPRO and its derivative Lupus Impact Tracker were found to be responsive to change in disease activity, reflecting both improvement and worsening. Lupus Impact Tracker and physical health and pain domains of Lupus quality of life were responsive to SLE composite responder index. Conclusion This review highlights the need for further studies that capture responsiveness and change in HRQoL that are clinically meaningful and sustained. Most importantly, the choice of one measure over another is influenced by the purpose of the HRQoL measure, the particular HRQoL domain, and the SLE disease state that are relevant to the research question.
Social work practice with the LGBTQ community: the intersection of history, health, mental health, and policy factors

Social Work Practice with the LGBTQ Community, edited by Michael P. Dentato and published by Oxford University Press, offers a much-needed overview of the historical and modern-day factors related ...
Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome: An Update

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous collection of non-Hodgkin lymphomas that arise from skin-tropic memory T lymphocytes. Among them, mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) are the most common malignancies. Diagnosis requires the combination of clinical, pathologic, and molecular features. Significant advances have been made in understanding the genetic and epigenetic aberrations in SS and to some extent in MF. Several prognostic factors have been identified. The goal of treatment is to minimize morbidity and limit disease progression. However, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, considered for patients with advanced stages, is the only therapy with curative intent.
Inclusive and Engaged Research: Community Based Scholarship in HCI

Science and design should be relevant and accessible to everyone. HCI has a long history of service, engagement, and connection with people with higher risk for educational, physical, and social challenges. Previous winners of this award are on the forefront of those efforts towards support for these diverse and often vulnerable populations. On this 15th anniversary of this award, we have a moment to reflect on these advances. Increasingly, the CHI community is connected to our worlds outside of research and scholarship. However, we see that connection is not enough. We must seek instead for true engagement. What does it mean to be a true partner, to take small steps to increase engagement in projects, in designs, and in scholarly work? Building on an existing ethos of service, three years ago, the CHI community undertook an effort to positively impact the cities we visit: Day of Service. This step is just one in a long line of efforts on the part of a responsible, committed group of scholars to leaving this world better than we found it. However, these efforts also represent some of the challenges of our own privilege. How can we go beyond service to true collaboration? How can we bring to bear our vast resources while listening to the community and valuing their expertise and lived experiences? Finally, the CHI community has always been a place of greater diversity than some similar and surrounding academic communities. Recent efforts have focused on expanding that diversity further still: diversity of thought, diversity of experience and physical bodies, and diversity of racial, ethnic, and gender boundaries. What happens once we have recruited this diverse community? How do we ensure long-term inclusion in all activities and in the highest levels of leadership? The CHI Social Impact Award is an incredible honor and the talk an excellent platform. In this talk, I will reflect alongside the community. I will describe research focused on empowering people who are not typically represented in the design process as well as the requisite inclusive and democratic approaches to design. In particular, I will focus on the ways in which thought and action are deeply intertwined [2] and the generation of knowledge through participatory cycles of action and reflection [1]. I will also go beyond these specific research projects and practices to discuss the progress of the CHI community as a whole and our work to create an environment that is engaged, collaborative, and inclusive.
Abstract LB-138:In vivoimaging of DNA damage and repair

Objectives: To directly quantify abasic sites induced by DNA-targeted chemotherapeutic agents for in vivo studies of base excision repair pathway. Background: Current cancer treatments rely heavily on chemotherapeutic agents to induce cytotoxic DNA damages and programmed cell death in ancer cells. However, the efficacy of DNA-targeted agents such as temozolomide is often compromised by intrinsic cellular responses such as DNA base excision repair (BER). Previous studies have shown that BER pathway results in formation of abasic or apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites and inhibition of AP sites leads to significant reduction of drug resistance and enhancement of drug sensitivity. Thus, AP-site formation has been identified as an important biomarker in DNA-targeted chemotherapies. Methods: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of PET imaging agents that bind to AP sites with high affinity and specificity. We date, we have developed positron-emitting [ 11 C]methoxyamine for positron emission tomography (PET) that allows for quantification of AP sites in vivo. Results: [ 11 C]methoxyamine has been synthesized with high radiochemical yield and purity. Following radiolabelling, microPET studies have been conducted to evaluate their pharmacokinetic profiles in melanoma and glioma xenograft tumor mouse models that are pre-treated with temozolomide to induce AP-site formation. Subsequent quantitative analysis showed that the radioactivity concentration were elevated in proportion to the AP sites induced in tumor regions pre-treated with temozolomide relative to tumor regions without any treatment. In vivo blocking studies based on microPET also showed that the agents bound to AP sites with high specificity. Conclusion : our studies demonstrated that PET imaging can be used to monitor BER pathway and evaluate efficacy of DNA-targeted therapeutic treatments in cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-138.
Tropospheric corrections for InSAR: Statistical assessments and applications to the Central United States and Mexico

Abstract The rapid expansion of SAR data availability and advancements in InSAR processing methods has enabled the formation of ground displacement time series for many parts of the world where such research was previously hindered by decorrelation due to sparse temporal sampling and SAR operating frequency. In particular, free and open data access from the European Sentinel-1 constellation and the future NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) mission is encouraging the global community to move towards automated, cloud-based processing that can accommodate these rapidly growing data volumes and facilitate the use of a suite of corrections to the data. A key challenge is related to path delays introduced when the radar signal propagates through the troposphere. Tropospheric corrections estimated from empirical, phase-based methods and those using independent data from weather models, GPS, and radiometers have been included in open-source packages such as TRAIN, PyAPS and GACOS. Users within the InSAR community have reported varying degrees of success using these methods in a range of areas around the world. However, the various statistical metrics used to evaluate the reliability of tropospheric corrections are not consistently applied and often depend on the area and the spatial scale over which they are evaluated. Examination of a simple metric such as the overall reduction in phase variability within an interferogram does not allow the user to determine whether the improvement was at large or short length scales. We present a review of existing tropospheric correction methods and statistical performance metrics, providing guidelines for global assessment and verification of the efficacy of tropospheric correction methods. We summarize the assumptions and limitations for each correction method as well as each statistical performance metric. We examine two regions with different atmospheric characteristics - one Sentinel-1 swath covering the central United States and one swath covering south central Mexico, including part of the Pacific coast. As the SAR community moves towards reliance on global and automated InSAR processing platforms that incorporate tropospheric corrections, approaches such as those examined here can aid researchers in their efforts to evaluate such corrections and include their uncertainties in derived products such as surface displacement time series, coseismic offsets, processes that correlate with topography, and signals with smaller magnitude or larger spatial scales such as those associated with small earthquakes, aseismic creep and slow slip events. We found that the GACOS products (leveraging the operational high resolution ECMWF weather model) outperform the other correction methods explored here on average, but this result is highly dependent on location, acquisition time, and data availability. We found spatial structure functions to be most useful for performance assessment because of their ability to convey information about performance at discrete spatial scales.