cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth in tissue culture of cytopathogenic agent from strain of virus which produces avian lymphomatosis.

SummaryA cytopathogenic agent isolated from RPL 12 in chicken embryo liver tissue cultures is reported. The virus produces a marked CPE on liver parenchymal cells. Virus serially passed in tissue culture, when inoculated into susceptible chicks, produced visceral lymphomatosis. Neutralization tests with antiserum against RPL 12 indicate a relationship of tissue culture virus with RPL 12; however, positive identity of the cytopathogenic agent with the virus causing visceral lymphomatosis has not been established.
Dealing with flicker problem about GDI with double buffering

In the process of dealing with the image, there are flicker problem when image created are showed. At the beginning, thebasic concept and relation of window and viewport and coordinate system are given, then how to solve the flicker problem about GDIusing double buffer dealsed is proven. This methods is used for the explain of geology information system about parts of modifying andshowing well curves. Practicly the concrete procedure is given. The practice shows that the way is feasible.
New Reordering Method for Comprehensive Evaluation and Solving Algorithm

Aimed at expanding the evaluation conclusion of the absolute form for classic evaluation result,a kind of possibility sort conclusion was developed. The superior degree matrix used for advantage comparison among objects was introduced. The notion and definition of possibility sort conclusion were discussed upon the superior degree matrix. A solving algorithm of the conclusion was proposed using stochastic simulation to increase the stability of conclusion. This conclusion gives rank with the probability,which may provide explanation for uncertain evaluation problems.
Platelet adherence to cultured vascular cells: influence of prostacyclin (PGI2)

Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin) is released by cultures of venous endothelium from the human umbilical vein. Aspirin (ASA), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase activity, prevents the release of PGI2 from the venous endothelium and causes an increase in platelet adherence in the presence of thrombin. If the PGI2 normally released from endothelium prevents the adherence of platelets, is the increased adherence of platelets to subendothelial components a result of decreased amounts of prostacyclin? Platelet adherence was quantitated using cultures of venous or arterial endothelium, venous or arterial smooth muscle, and arterial fibroblasts from the umbilical cord and cultures from a mouse hemangioendothelioma and mouse fibroblasts. 51Cr-labeled human platelets were incubated with the cell monolayers in the presence or absence of thrombin. PGI2 production was assessed by measuring 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α released into the supernatant. Thrombin induced release of 69 nM 6-keto-PGF1α with little adherence of platelets to venous endothelium; other cell monolayers released little or no 6-keto-PGF1α, and there was 55% or more platelet adherence. Exogenous PGI2 added to 1 mM ASA-treated cell monolayers and empty dishes decreased adherence significantly in all cases. A dose-response curve shows that monolayers of endothelial origin required little PGI2 to bring thrombin-induced adherence values to near control levels. Smooth muscle, arterial fibroblast, and mouse fibroblast monolayers or empty dishes, even with high concentrations of PGI2, still exhibited 25% or more platelet adherence in the presence of thrombin. PGI2 alone did not prevent thrombin-induced platelet adherence to the subendothelial components.
Adult brain antigens demonstrated in chick embryos by fractionated antisera

The appearance, during development, of antigens which react with antisera against specific adult antigens has been considered to reflect the synthesis of similar substances in the embryo (Clayton, 1960). Within the recognized limitations of serological specificities, where the adult antigens are characteristic of a particular organ or tissue, the appearance in the embryo of cross-reacting substances may be taken as an indication of differentiation in that tissue. The presence in early embryos of antigens serologically identical to those of adult avian brain has been well established (Burke et al , 1944; Schechtman, 1948; Ebert, 1950; Flickinger, 1958). These investigations, while demonstrating the presence of adult antigens at various developmental stages, were generally not quantitative. For the most part they employed qualitative precipitin tests or specific inhibition of differentiation by antisera. In the present study antigenic activity relative to total protein was determined at different stages of development in order to reveal temporal patterns.
Self-Sufficient Healthcare Logistics Systems and Responsiveness: Ten Cases of Foreign Field Hospitals Deployed to Disaster Relief Supply Chains

Recent disasters around the globe illustrate the unpredictability of their timing and the severity of their impact, making aid operations highly uncertain and complex. The aftermath of sudden-impact disasters, such as civil conflicts, wars, and natural disasters, are typically characterized by chaos and the urgent need for medical care for a massive number of casualties; however, damage to local healthcare infrastructures usually render them unable to deliver needed services. Foreign field hospitals, innovative self-sufficient emergency healthcare logistics systems deployed outside the hospitals’ country, constitute a temporary solution until the local facilities are repaired or rebuilt. These types of healthcare logistics system have been deployed with great success. However, not much is known about factors that may account for their success in the supply chain literature. In this study, we investigate military foreign field hospitals and explore general factors that may account for their effectiveness. Specifically, we look into military healthcare logistics systems, specifically foreign field hospitals (FFHs), to explore factors that may account for their responsiveness. We examine ten successful deployments of an experienced and effective military FFH through an exploratory case analysis to shed light into factors that may account for its success. Various propositions and avenues for future research are developed.
A Bayesian hierarchical appearance model for robust object tracking

In tracking, one of the major challenges comes from handling appearance variations caused by changes in scale, pose, illumination and occlusion. In this paper, we propose a novel Bayesian Hierarchical Appearance Model (BHAM) for robust object tracking. Our idea is to model the appearance of a target as a combination of multiple appearance models, each covering the target appearance changes under a given view angle. Specifically, target instances are modeled by Dirichlet Process and dynamically clustered based on their visual similarity. Thus, BHAM provides an infinite nonparametric mixture of distributions that can grow automatically with the complexity of the appearance data. We built an object tracking system by integrating BHAM with background subtraction and the KLT tracker. Our experimental results on real-world videos show that our system has superior performance when compared with several state-of-the-art trackers.
Short circuit and collapsing bus voltage analysis of vital instrumentation and control power supply distribution in nuclear power generating stations

It is a common practice to utilize regulated power supplies in Vital Instrumentation and Control Power Systems (VICPS) to meet the requirements of IEEE Std. 308 in nuclear power generating stations. Most of these power supplies have current limiting features. Consequently, for a short circuit in a distribution system feeder, it is necessary to factor the performance characteristics of the current limiting device into the analysis. The method of fault analysis described in this paper differs from traditional fault analyses that assume a constant prefault voltage up to and including circuit interruption. The analysis presented within specifies that the drop in output voltage of the current limiting device must be determined to calculate the magnitude of fault current that would be present at the time of interruption of the circuit by the fault clearing device. Computational approaches are developed to address these features to ensure a realistic determination of expected fault current at the time of circuit interruption. A review of the performance features of Inverters and Ferroresonant Transformers is also presented. >
L2 Utterance Fluency Development Before, During, and After Residence Abroad: A Multidimensional Investigation

This study investigated second language fluency development over a nearly 2-year period which included an academic year abroad and the year immediately following the participants' return to their home university. Data from 24 L1 English learners of Spanish were collected 6 times: once before, 3 times during, and 2 times after a 9-month stay abroad. Participants were recorded orally retelling a picture-based narrative, and data were coded for 9 measures of utterance fluency. Results indicated different developmental trends: Gains in speed fluency appeared quickly and were maintained after the return from study abroad, whereas gains in breakdown fluency often took longer and were more sensitive to attrition after returning home. There were no changes over time in repair fluency. These results appear to indicate that some fluency improvements are more robust and less likely to be affected by the change in context (study abroad vs. home country). The findings fill a gap in our understanding of the relationship between oral fluency development and second language speech production processes, and have implications for study abroad researchers as well as post-study abroad instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
IFNα inhibits FasL-induced apoptosis by a novel mechanism that is independent of new protein synthesis but dependent on JAK activity

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 659 A focus of our research group is to understand how cells integrate signals for, and thus respond appropriately to, opposing survival and apoptotic stimuli. We previously reported that a novel, mechanism by which cytokine-mediated survival signals modulate apoptotic signal transduction upstream of gene transcription. Specifically, we reported that exposure to the growth regulating cytokine interferon alpha (IFNα) reduced the sensitivity of H9 human T cells to Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis. Of interest, this anti-apoptotic effect of IFNα was independent of de novo protein synthesis as it occurred in the presence of cycloheximide. Continuing these studies, we now report the results of studies specifically focused to i) delineate components of the IFNα signaling pathway required for this observed apoptosis inhibiting effect and ii) examine the relationship between IFNα exposure and assembly of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) in response to FasL. Initial studies examined the requirement of the cytokine stimulated signaling mediator Janus acting kinase (JAK) for the antiapoptotic effect observed. Pharmacological inhibition of JAK activity completely abrogated the IFNα effect on FasL-induced apoptosis, thus implicating a specific role for JAK-mediated protein phosphorylation in modulating sensitivity to apoptosis. Recent studies have been initiated, using siRNA techniques, to transiently and specifically reduce expression of key mediators of the IFNα signaling pathway and preliminary findings suggest that the elimination of Stat3 protein does not reduce the ability of IFNα to reduce FasL-induced apoptosis. Parallel studies to examine potential roles for other JAK and STAT family members in mediating this IFNα effect are underway. Regarding the relationship between IFNα exposure and DISC formation following FasL, Western Blot evidence reveals that procaspase 8 activation in response to FasL is inhibited by IFNα exposure, suggesting that JAK-mediated protein phosphorylation negatively affects DISC assembly and/or function. Together, these data support a novel pathway, independent of protein synthesis but dependent on JAK-induced protein phosphorylation, by which selected cytokines can impact upon and thus regulate apoptotic signal transduction. (Supported by Rhode Island Hospital and the T. J. Martell Foundation).
The Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response as a Non-Oncogene Addiction to Support Adaptation to Stress during Transformation in Cancer and Beyond.

Upon accumulation of misfolded proteins in the mitochondria, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is activated. This review focuses on the role of this response in cancer. We discuss evidences that during transformation, the UPRmt may play an essential role in the maintenance of the integrity of the mitochondria in face of increased oxidative stress. However, the role of the UPRmt in other diseases is also emerging and is therefore also briefly discussed.
Effects of copper deficiency on the immune system.

Copper is an essential metal for proper functioning of all living systems. Biochemical mechanisms have evolved that result in homeostatic balance of copper. This ensures that adequate but not toxic levels are absorbed, transported, utilized, and excreted. Throughout the biological kingdom copper expresses its function through specific ligands as free copper ion is rapidly complexed. These ligands are usually specific cuproenzymes. Knowledge of these cuproenzymes forms the basis of our current understanding of the biochemical function of copper (Prohaska, 1988).
Computing as Engineering

Computing as a discipline is often characterized as a combination of three major traditions: theoretical, scientific, and engineering tradition. Although the three traditions are all considered equally necessary for modern computing, the engineering tradition is often considered to be useful but to lack intellectual depth. This article discusses the basic intellectual background of the engineering tradition of computing. The article depicts the engineering aims manifest in the academic field of computing, compares the engineering tradition with the other traditions of computing as a disci- pline, and presents some epistemological, ontological, and methodological views con- cerning the engineering tradition of computing. The article aims at giving the reader an overview of the engineering tradition in computing and of some open questions about the intellectual foundations and contributions of the engineering tradition in computing.
Protein Self-Assemblies That Can Generate, Hold, and Discharge Electric Potential in Response to Changes in Relative Humidity.

Generation of electric potential upon external stimulus has attracted much attention for the development of highly functional sensors and devices. Herein, we report large-displacement, fast actuation in the self-assembled engineered repeat protein Consensus Tetratricopeptide Repeat protein (CTPR18) materials. The ionic nature of the CTPR18 protein coupled to the long-range alignment upon self-assembly results in the measured conductivity of 7.1 × 10–2 S cm–1, one of the highest reported for protein materials. The change of through-thickness morphological gradient in the self-assembled materials provides the means to select between faster, highly water-sensitive actuation or vastly increased mechanical strength. Tuning of the mode of motion, e.g., bending, twisting, and folding, is achieved by changing the morphological director. We further show that the highly ionic character of CTPR18 gives rise to piezo-like behavior in these materials, exemplified by low-voltage, ionically driven actuation and mechanic...
4CPS-033 Effectiveness of therapeutic interchange programmes for angiotensin receptor blockers in the hospital setting

Background During hospital admission, therapeutic interchange (TI) is performed on patients in treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) different from losartan, which are not included in the Pharmacotherapeutic Formulary. After TI, control of blood pressure(BP) should be stable. Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of the TI of ARBs during the hospital stay,comparing the number of hypertensive patients with controlled BP before and after TI. Material and methods Observational prospective cohort study carried out from April to May 2016. Patients with hypertension treated with an ARBs not included in the Pharmacotherapeutic Formulary were enrolled, following them until discharge. Patients with a ARBs-conditional treatment according to blood pressure, people under 18 years’ old, pregnant females and patients with an hospital stay of 2 or less days were excluded. Patients were recommended a TI, being classified as exposed those in which the prescribing physician accepted the TI and as unexposed those in which the TI was rejected. The variables collected were:sex, age, main diagnosis, hospital stay, daily value of BP during hospital setting and BP before admission. Results A total of 54 patients were enrolled, including 39 exposed and 15 unexposed. The 65% were female, 26 (67%) in the exposed group and nine (60%) in the unexposed group. The mean age was 74.6 years’ old, 76.5 years and 69.5 years respectively. In 53%, the main diagnosis was cardiac or respiratory pathology. The mean stay was 5.9 days for the exposed group, in contrast to 8.5 days for the unexposed group. Sixty-nine per centof the exposed group had a stable BP during admission versus 53% of the unexposed group. Five patients from the exposed group who did not control BP at home were able to control it during admission. However, four patients who had adequate BP control at home did not achieve it during admission, either because of the main diagnosis or because TI was not effective. Regarding the unexposed patients, there were two patients with controlled BP at home that did not have BP control during hospital stay. Conclusion Therapeutic interchange has proved to be effective as it does not lead to a worsening of BP control over previous treatment. The majority of patients with TI controlled BP during hospital admission. Limitation: the average stay is lower in the cases, but it is not known if some external factors could have influenced this. No conflict of interest
Nitric Oxide Interaction with Insect Nitrophorins and Possibilities for the Electron Configuration of the {FeNO}6 Complex

The nitrophorins are NO-carrying heme proteins that are found in the saliva of two species of blood-sucking insects, the kissing bug ( Rhodnius prolixus ) and the bedbug ( Cimex lectularius ). In both insects NO is bound to the ferric form of the protein, which gives rise to K d s in the micromolar to nanomolar range, and thus upon injection of the saliva into the tissues of the victim the NO can dissociate to cause vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation. The structures of the proteins from each of these insects are unique, and each has a large component of β-sheet structure, which is unusual for heme proteins. While the R. prolixus nitrophorins increase the effectiveness of their NO-heme proteins by also binding histamine, secreted by the victim in response to the bite, to the heme, the Cimex nitrophorin does not bind histamine but rather binds two molecules of NO reversibly, one to the heme and the other to the cysteine thiolate which serves as the heme ligand in the absence of NO. This requires homolytic cleavage of the Fe—S–Cys bond, which produces an EPR-active Fe(II)—NO complex having the {FeNO} 7 electron configuration and a Cys—SNO. This reaction is reversible at low pH. Investigations of the R. prolixus nitrophorins and their axial ligand complexes by NMR and vibrational spectroscopies have allowed detailed characterization of the complexes, and investigation of site-directed mutants by spectroelectrochemistry and NMR spectroscopy has allowed pinpointing the importance of certain charged, distal pocket and belt residues in stabilizing the Fe(III) form of the protein that allows NO to be released into the tissues of the victim. For the Rhodnius nitrophorins, the heme of the {FeNO} 6 stable NO complex could have the limiting electron configurations Fe(III)—NO• or Fe(II)—NO + . While vibrational spectroscopy suggests the latter and Mossbauer spectroscopy cannot differentiate between a purely diamagnetic Fe(II) center and a strongly antiferromagnetically coupled Fe(III)—NO• center, the strong ruffling of the heme (with alternate meso -carbons shifted significantly above and below the mean plane of the porphyrin, and concomitant shifts of the β-pyrrole carbons above and below the mean plane of the ring, to produce a very nonplanar porphyrin macrocycle) may suggest at least an important contribution of the latter. The strong ruffling would help to stabilize the (d xz , d yz ) 4 (d xy ) 1 electron configuration of low-spin Fe(III) (but not low-spin Fe(II)), and the d xy orbital does not have correct symmetry for overlap with the half-filled π* orbital of NO. This Fe(III)—NO• electron configuration would facilitate reversible dissociation of NO.
Data Storage and Compression

The PACS data files migrate and reside among a variety of storage devices during their life-cycle. High-capacity Winchester disks are used ubiquitously. High-speed disks such as parallel transfer disks and disk arrays are often configured in the diagnostic display workstations. Optical disk jukeboxes provide the central archive. This paper reviews the current storage technologies and also discusses the data compression techniques applicable to the radiological images.
Low-Temperature Solid 3He in Large Magnetic Fields

Using continuous wave NMR, we have measured the bulk nuclear polarization of a liquid—solid 3He sample compressionally cooled to below 5 m°K in a magnetic field of 54.5 kG (Larmor frequency of 177 MHz). Figure 1 shows the initial and maximum absorption lines for two compressional cooling runs. The lines were broadened to 155 G by applying a field gradient of 200 G/cm. This broadening permitted observation of the distribution of solid 3He in the NMR coil. The lower absorption lines are the initial precompression signals, Fig. 1(a) representing all liquid and 1(b) representing some solid 3 He in the high-field end. The asymmetric all-liquid shape is caused by nonuniformities in the field gradient. The upper two absorption lines are the maxima obtained in the compression. In Fig. 1(b) we see a shape similar to that of the liquid, suggesting that the sample region is fairly uniformly filled with solid. In Fig. 1(a) the maximum signal is very unlike the liquid signal shape, suggesting that much liquid still remains in the sample region.
Recent Advances in Metabolic Pathways of Bile Acid Synthesis

After a number of years of being considered a well-established branch of biochemistry, we now have found that there is considerable less certainty about the pathways of bile acid synthesis from cholesterol, particularly in regard to human metabolism.
Coping behaviors of U.S. Army flight nurses in World War II: an oral history.

War is a universally stressful event that may tax or exceed one's ability to cope. This study addressed how flight nurses with the U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II coped with war; the purpose was to analyze data obtained from oral histories of 25 flight nurses who served in World War II. Content analysis of the data revealed two levels of coping; a taxonomy of coping efforts was developed for each level. The microscopic level consisted of specific external and internal demands occurring during the war that necessitated coping. The macroscopic level consisted of behavioral and cognitive efforts used to cope with the war in general. Findings suggest that the women perceived their wartime experience as a challenge rather than as a threat and were thus able to make the best of the stressful wartime situation.
Hypernym and Spatial-Taxon Hierarchy. A Cognitive Informatics & Fuzzy Logic Approach to Combining Linguistic and Image Taxonomies

Images and language convey meaning that depend on the viewpoints and contextual background of those perceiving them. Taxonomies help order meaning such that information granules, image elements and words, make sense in relation to one another and to their mutual global context. In linguistics, hypernyms cover semantically broader context then their subordinate hyponym. In images, superordinate spatial-taxons (object groups or foreground) cover more abstract regions then their child subordinate spatial-taxons (objects or salient object parts). In this paper I use fuzzy granularization and fuzzy perceptualization as proposed by Zadeh 2002 to explore image annotation by using Zadeh's Restriction-centered Theory of Truth and Meaning as proposed in 2013. The approach uses human annotated image data, search engine queries and data collected from WordNet (A Lexical Database for English maintained by Princeton University). I discuss implications for Shannon, Integrated, and Zadeh Information Theory.
Acute versus delayed reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in the elderly population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Recent literature has shown that acute reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) yields good outcomes in the treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures, and there have also been recent studies showing that delayed RTSA can be successfully used for sequelae of proximal humeral fractures such as nonunion and malunion. The use of meta-analysis affords the opportunity to formally compare the outcomes of acute RTSA for fracture and delayed RTSA for fracture sequelae. Methods We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. We included all studies reporting on RTSA for the treatment of proximal humeral fracture sequelae with a comparison group of acute RTSA or with no comparison group in adults with a mean age older than 65 years and at least 2 years of follow-up. We calculated weighted mean differences for range of motion, standardized mean differences for clinical outcome scores, and relative risks for dichotomous outcomes. Results Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, which comprised 322 patients undergoing RTSA for fracture sequelae. Of these studies, 4 were comparative (46 patients) whereas 12 were case series (276 patients). Among studies directly comparing acute versus delayed RTSA, no differences in forward flexion (P = .72), clinical outcome scores (P = .78), or all-cause reoperation (P = .92) were found between the 2 groups. Patients undergoing delayed RTSA achieved 6° more external rotation than those undergoing acute RTSA; this difference was significant (P = .01). Conclusions Given the risks associated with surgery in the elderly population, consideration may be given to an initial trial of nonoperative treatment in these patients, saving RTSA for those in whom nonoperative treatment fails without compromising the ultimate outcome.
Taxes, Spending, and Innovation

Part I: Billionaire Taxes, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3326615. Part III: After Paying Ultra-High Net Worth Wealth Taxes, How Much Would Billionaires Have Left to Live on?, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3340925. Key Takeaways: - Innovation is the product of teamwork. - Engineers and scientists play a critical role. - Scientific research is insufficiently rewarded financially. - Taxes can boost innovation by funding human capital investment and basic research. - The amount of investment is important – who owns financial assets is not. In formulating taxation and public investment policies, we should carefully consider data and the peer reviewed literature. Claims that we can drive more innovation and growth through a higher concentration of resources in the hands of a small number of billionaires — while providing fewer resources to middle and upper middle-class knowledge workers — are not empirically supported.
Embedding an Immigration Legal Navigator in a Primary Care Clinic

Immigration status functions as an independent social determinant of health.1 To address this issue, the Immigrant & Refugee Health Program (IRHP) hosted an AmeriCorps member whose role was to help patients navigate the complex immigration system through referrals to community immigration legal
Safety-centered process control design based on dynamic safe set

Abstract The objective of this research is to develop an approach for the process control design problem with safety as the primary target. The work proposes the concept of dynamic safe set (DSS) to characterize and evaluate the safeness of a closed-loop system. The DSS is defined as a set of initial states of the process that guarantees safe operation, which is represented by a set of safety-critical constraints that is to be satisfied at all times. The DSS calculation accounts for potential safety threatening disturbances that may significantly affect the dynamics of the system. An addon control scheme based on the DSS concept is proposed to guide the system when it is under sudden and large set point changes that may be needed during abnormal situations. Existing system theoretic concepts of maximal output admissible sets is used to mathematically formulate and determine the DSS. The concept of dynamic safety margin (DSM) is proposed as a quantitative measure of the size of DSS. An approach based on the DSS and DSM concepts for process control design with the objective to maximize safety, subject to other performance constraints, is proposed. The approach is tested on an exothermic CSTR case study. The results showed the strong effect of steady state operating conditions, control parameters and actuator design parameters on DSM. A grid of design parameters that includes the reactor set point, the controller parameters, and the heat exchanger design parameter was analyzed. The analysis led to identifying a maximally safe control system design. The proposed approach allowed to formulate the process control design problem by bringing safety upfront, without compromising performance metrics.
Does Savings Affect Participation in the Gig Economy? Evidence from a Tax Refund Field Experiment

This paper investigates how saving the federal tax refund affects gig economy participation for low-income online tax filers in the six months following tax filing. Using longitudinal survey and administrative data, we leverage random assignment in a unique refund savings experiment as an instrument for refund savings. We find significant heterogeneity in estimated effects that are consistent with life cycle models on consumption and savings. Specifically, refund savings reduced the likelihood of low-income students working in the gig economy, but increased the likelihood of more economically vulnerable households working in the gig economy.
Preliminary Findings of a User Centered Design Study of Mobile Health Technology for Ghanaian Migrant Families

Mobile health technology has great potential to empower users and equip them with vital health management information. However, this potential is not fully realized if mobile health interventions are not based on end user needs and requirements. This paper details the results of an empirical study of Ghanaian migrant families and their perception of a tailored mobile health application. Specifically, the paper refines a prototype designed by understanding the cognitive interactive mechanisms of the targeted culture group. The aim of the project is to increase usability and adoption of mHealth applications by Ghanaian end users.
Monitoring Canine Myocardial Infarction Formation and Recovery via Transthoracic Cardiac Strain Imaging.

Abstract Myocardial elastography (ME) is an ultrasound-based strain imaging method that aims to determine the degree of ischemia or infarction as a result of the change in the elastic properties of the myocardium. A survival canine model (n = 11) was employed to investigate the ability of ME to image myocardial infarction formation and recovery. Infarcts were generated by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Canines were survived and imaged for 4 days (n = 7) or 4 weeks (n = 4), allowing sufficient time for recovery via collateral perfusion. A radial strain-based metric, percentage of healthy myocardium by strain (PHMe), was developed as a marker for healthy myocardial tissue. PHMe was strongly linearly correlated with actual infarct size as determined by gross pathology (R2 = 0.80). Mean PHMe was reduced 1–3 days post-infarction (p
Effects of Weak Electrolytes on Electric Double Layer Ion Distributions

Many common experimental systems have electric double layers containing weak electrolytes, including systems with buffers. The pH at the boundary of the diffuse layer is an important parameter for ...
Elevated Intraindividual Variability in Executive Functions and Associations with White Matter Microstructure in Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: We examined whether intraindividual variability (IIV) across tests of executive functions (EF-IIV) is elevated in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) relative to military controls (MCs) without a history of mTBI. We also explored relationships among EF-IIV, white matter microstructure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Method: A total of 77 Veterans (mTBI = 43, MCs = 34) completed neuropsychological testing, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and PTSD symptom ratings. EF-IIV was calculated as the standard deviation across six tests of EF, along with an EF-Mean composite. DSI Studio connectometry analysis identified white matter tracts significantly associated with EF-IIV according to generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA). Results: After adjusting for EF-Mean and PTSD symptoms, the mTBI group showed significantly higher EF-IIV than MCs. Groups did not differ on EF-Mean after adjusting for PTSD symptoms. Across groups, PTSD symptoms significantly negatively correlated with EF-Mean, but not with EF-IIV. EF-IIV significantly negatively correlated with GFA in multiple white matter pathways connecting frontal and more posterior regions. Conclusions: Veterans with mTBI demonstrated significantly greater IIV across EF tests compared to MCs, even after adjusting for mean group differences on those measures as well as PTSD severity. Findings suggest that, in contrast to analyses that explore effects of mean performance across tests, discrepancy analyses may capture unique variance in neuropsychological performance and more sensitively capture cognitive disruption in Veterans with mTBI histories. Importantly, findings show that EF-IIV is negatively associated with the microstructure of white matter pathways interconnecting cortical regions that mediate executive function and attentional processes.
BURYING THE DEAD (USERS): A LIFE OF DATA WITHIN LIMITS

Technological innovation depends on earthly resources. As such, the drive to continuous growth that has propelled technology forward is also in direct competition with a planet that is reaching capacity. This expansion and consumption model has both supported and neglected the data of the dead, which both proliferates and languishes. For example, as researchers across disciplines have noted, the dead may soon outnumber the living on social media. Questions about digital remains should attend not only to social media profiles but also to the life cycles of data. This paper considers environmental and resource-related questions about the traces we leave when we depart. To do this work, a theoretical methodological approach following the Computing within LIMITS model (Nardi et al, 2018) is employed to consider the accumulation of data that remains after users have departed from their earthly (and digital) lives. LIMITS is a sustainability model that asks researchers to (1) question growth, (2) consider models of scarcity, and (3) reduce energy and material consumption. That is, this paper questions the life of digital data that can be maintained and can even grow after a user passes on. In addition to questions about mourning, memorializing, and archiving the dead, the LIMITS model prompts ethical questions about how to bury our dead data responsibly and sustainably in the face of exponential growth.
Trace Elemental Analysis of Bulk Thorium Using an Automated Separation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy Methodology

Presented here is a novel automated method for determining the trace element composition of bulk thorium by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). ICP-OES is a universal approach for measuring the trace elemental impurities present in actinide-rich materials; however, due to the emission rich spectrum of the actinide, a separation from the trace elements is warranted for spectrochemical analysis. Here, AG MP-1 ion exchange resin was utilized for retention of the Th matrix, while allowing the trace element impurities to be separated prior to subsequent analysis using ICP-OES. After demonstrating the separation on traditional gravity-driven columns, the methodology was transitioned to an automated platform for comparison. This automated platform utilizes syringe-driven sample and solvent flow and can collect the trace element and thorium fractions in separate locations. While reducing the sample size (500 µL, 1.5 mg of Th), maintaining the overall separation efficiency (recoveries >95%), and illustrating the sample throughput ability (n = 10+), this automated methodology could be readily adopted to nuclear facilities in which the determination of trace elemental impurities in Th samples is warranted.
Pheonix at SemEval-2020 Task 5: Masking the Labels Lubricates Models for Sequence Labeling.

This paper presents the deep-learning model that is submitted to the SemEval-2020 Task 5 competition: “Detecting Counterfactuals”. We participated in both Subtask1 and Subtask2. The model proposed in this paper ranked 2nd in Subtask2 “Detecting antecedent and consequence”. Our model approaches the task as a sequence labeling. The architecture is built on top of BERT, and a multi-head attention layer with label masking is used to benefit from the mutual information between nearby labels. Also, for prediction, a multi-stage algorithm is used in which the model finalize some predictions with higher certainty in each step and use them in the following. Our results show that masking the labels not only is an efficient regularization method but also improves the accuracy of the model compared with other alternatives like CRF. Label masking can be used as a regularization method in sequence labeling. Also, it improves the performance of the model by learning the specific patterns in the target variable.
Appendiceal Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Acute appendicitis is a common presentation to the emergency department. The common pathogenesis thereof relates to obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by an appendicolith, which leads to an increase in intraluminal and intramural pressure. This is followed by distension of the appendix, subsequent small vessel occlusion and lymphatic stasis, and appendiceal wall ischemia and necrosis, eventually leading to rupture if not treated. Occasionally tumors at the base of the appendix can lead to appendicitis via the same process as an appendicolith. Goblet cell adenocarcinoma (alternatively named goblet cell carcinoid) is amongst the most rare appendiceal tumors, with a reported incidence rate of 0.05 cases per 100,000 population per year in the United States. These tumors contain features of both neuroendocrine tumors as well as adenocarcinomas, but behave more similarly to adenocarcinomas. Consensus regarding management of these tumors is lacking, likely due to the rarity of the disease. In this paper, we present a case of appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma causing appendicitis and review the literature regarding these rare epithelial tumors.
Resolution of microneedling-associated granulomatous dermatitis with oral methotrexate.

Microneedling, a minimally invasive procedure in which numerous epidermal and dermal microchannels are created through skin needling, has become a common and established treatment option for a plethora of dermatologic concerns, including skin rejuvenation, facial rhytides, and acne scarring. With studies supporting the efficacy of microneedling across many dermatologic applications as well as its minimal post-treatment recovery, this therapeutic option is generally well-regarded among both clinicians and patients. The limited side effects also augment its popularity with the most common - mild erythema, localized edema, and skin flaking - expected and self-resolving within 72 hours. However, microneedling is associated rarely with more concerning adverse effects. The procedure is disparate, including variable use of pre- and post-treatment topical cosmeceuticals, most of which aim to promote microneedling-induced wound healing and regeneration. With microneedling's creation of entry points into the skin, the possibility arises for development of an immune response to a penetrating material, whether from the needle or an antigenic topical agent. This adverse effect has been reported rarely in the literature with variable and not always favorable outcomes. We report a case of granulomatous dermatitis secondary to microneedling with almost complete resolution through use of oral methotrexate.
Machine Learning for Detection of Correct Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Tip Position from Radiology Reports in Infants

Background In critically ill infants, the position of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) must be confirmed frequently, as the tip may move from its original position and run the risk of hyperosmolar vascular damage or extravasation into surrounding spaces. Automated detection of PICC tip position holds great promise for alerting bedside clinicians to noncentral PICCs. Objectives This research seeks to use natural language processing (NLP) and supervised machine learning (ML) techniques to predict PICC tip position based primarily on text analysis of radiograph reports from infants with an upper extremity PICC. Methods Radiographs, containing a PICC line in infants under 6 months of age, were manually classified into 12 anatomical locations based on the radiologist's textual report of the PICC line's tip. After categorization, we performed a 70/30 train/test split and benchmarked the performance of seven different (neural network, support vector machine, the naive Bayes, decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, and K-nearest neighbors) supervised ML algorithms. After optimization, we calculated accuracy, precision, and recall of each algorithm's ability to correctly categorize the stated location of the PICC tip. Results A total of 17,337 radiographs met criteria for inclusion and were labeled manually. Interrater agreement was 99.1%. Support vector machines and neural networks yielded accuracies as high as 98% in identifying PICC tips in central versus noncentral position (binary outcome) and accuracies as high as 95% when attempting to categorize the individual anatomical location (12-category outcome). Conclusion Our study shows that ML classifiers can automatically extract the anatomical location of PICC tips from radiology reports. Two ML classifiers, support vector machine (SVM) and a neural network, obtained top accuracies in both binary and multiple category predictions. Implementing these algorithms in a neonatal intensive care unit as a clinical decision support system may help clinicians address PICC line position.
Continuity and Change in the American Gun Debate

My paper traces the debates about firearms control over the three decades since I became involved in gun research in the late 1960s. The circumstances of public discourse about guns in the late 1960s were rich in sentiment and almost completely lacking in empirical data. Questions of firearms control were only episodically important at the national level, and the administration of federal gun laws was of minuscule importance prior to 1968.
Parenting After Divorce

Abstract Nonresidential parents are in a precarious position as by definition they are outside of the family residence after divorce and hence often perceived as outside of the family system. Semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews with 36 nonresidential parents living 50 or more miles from their children revealed social and institutional systems provide both assistance and barriers to parents following divorce. The challenge of continuing with their identity and role as a parent and family member was shown through their interactions with schools, religious institutions, and work places, as well as family and friends.
Polymer deformation. XVIII. Biaxial deformation of polyoxymethylene

Biaxial deformation of bulk polyoxymethylene was studied by electron microscopy and small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The deformation was carried out in two ways: simultaneous and sequential. Effects of subsequent annealing were also studied. Simultaneously deformed specimens show a large degree of fibrillity at deformation as low as 1.1 × 1.1. Y-shaped fibrils and the tendency of some of the fibrils to bend back on themselves by more than 180° do not appear to be explainable by current postulates concerning the formation of fibrils. The deformation appears to be quite inhomogeneous on a microscopic scale. Small-angle X-ray patterns show the tendency of lamellae to become parallel to the surface of the film as deformation proceeds. On annealing the overall relaxation is nearly complete. The fibrillar networks collapse completely leaving no striated structure. Small-angle X-ray patterns show relaxation of the lamellae. During sequential deformation micronecks form during the first draw. These either split or collapse during the second draw depending upon local bulk shrinkage. On annealing, most fibrils again disappear. Zweidimensional gedehntes Polyoxymethylen wurde elektronenmikroskopisch und mittels der Klein- und Weitwinkelrontgenbeugung untersucht. Die Dehnung in beiden Richtungen erfolgte auf zwei Arten: gleichzeitig und nacheinander. Die Wirkung einer anschliesenden Temperung wurde untersucht. Bereits bei einem so geringen Dehnungsgrad wie 1.1 × 1.1 zeigten die Proben im Fall der gleichzeitigen Dehnung einen hohen Anteil an fibrillaren Strukturen. Es hat den Anschein, das das Vorkommen von Y-gestalteten Fibrillen und die Tendenz einiger Fibrillen, sich unter mehr als 180° ruckzufalten, mit Hilfe der bekannten Postulate, die Aussagen uber die Ausbildung von Fibrillen machen, nicht gedeutet werden konnen. Bei mikroskopischer Vergroserung erscheint die Deformation inhomogen. Die Kleinwinkelrontgenbeugungsbilder zeigen die Tendenz der Lamellen, sich mit fortschreitender Dehnung parallel zur Oberflache des Films zu orientieren. Beim Tempern erfolgt nahezu vollstandige Relaxation. Das fibrillare Netzwerk bricht zusammen ohne eine gemaserte Struktur zu hinterlassen. Die Kleinwinkelrontgenbeugungsbilder zeigen Relaxation der Lamellen. Bei der nacheinander ausgefuhrten zweidimensionalen Dehnung bilden sich die „Micronecks” bei der ersten Verstreckung aus. In Abhangigkeit der lokalen Substanzschrumpfung spalten diese bei der zweiten Verstreckung entweder auf oder kollabieren. Beim Tempern verschwinden die meisten Fibrillen wieder.