cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RIVER OTTERS IN YELLOWSTONE LAKE DEPEND ON A DECLINING CUTTHROAT TROUT POPULATION

Introduced lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) threaten the native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) population in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. A reduction in availability of cutthroat trout may affect fish predators negatively, especially during spawning season. In this study we examined the importance of spawning cutthroat trout to a fish specialist—the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis). We measured scent-marking rates at 87 otter latrine sites on Yellowstone Lake and its tributary streams throughout the cutthroat trout spawning period and identified prey in scats collected at these sites. Based on fecal deposition rates, otters were more active on spawning streams and less active on Yellowstone Lake during the height of cutthroat trout spawning, with a return to elevated activity on the lake after spawning had ended. Cutthroat trout appeared to be the most common prey item in otter scats throughout the study, based on 515 samples identified to the family level and 110 samples analyzed to the species level. Overall, trout occurred in 72% and longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus) in 43% of otter feces. Suckers were more prevalent than trout in otter scats only on tributary streams, toward the end of cutthroat trout spawning. Introduced lake trout, which inhabit deep water and are largely inaccessible to otters, occurred in less than 5% of otter scats. River otters in the Yellowstone Lake ecosystem appear to be relatively restricted in their diet and are heavily dependent on cutthroat trout. Our findings suggest that continued declines in the cutthroat trout population could negatively impact otters, potentially disrupting their role in linking aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in and around Yellowstone Lake.
New Method for the Determination of Diffusion Constants from Partially Narrowed Nmr Lines

The effect of atomic and molecular motions on the NMR free-induction decay (FID) and lineshape is investigated theoretically in the intermediate temperature range in which the NMR line is only partially narrowed. It is shown that the FID may be decomposed into the weighted sum of a rigid-lattice (background) contribution and an exponentially decaying part containing all the information on the diffusive or reorientational motions in the crystal in terms of the spin-spin relaxation time T/sub 2/.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Solid Deformation During Dendritic Solidification

Deformation of the semisolid mush during solidification is a common phenomenon in metal casting and can lead to defects such as hot tears, macrosegregation, and porosity. The morphology of the solidifying mush, including the shape of the dendrites and the distribution of grain boundaries, plays a key role in determining its mechanical behavior. In the current study, a polycrystalline phase-field model is combined with a material point method stress analysis to numerically simulate the fully coupled dendritic solidification and elasto-viscoplastic deformation behavior of a pure substance in two dimensions. It is shown that solid compressive and shear deformations result in variations in the crystallographic orientation angle within a single dendrite that, in turn, affect the subsequent solidification behavior. Shearing of a dendritic structure occurs primarily in relatively narrow bands near or inside the grain boundaries or the thin junctions between different dendrite arms. The deformations can cause the formation of low-angle tilt grain boundaries inside of individual dendrite arms. In addition, grain boundaries form when different arms of a deformed single dendrite impinge. During compression of a high-solid-fraction dendritic structure, the deformations are limited to a relatively thin layer along the compressing boundary. The compression causes consolidation of this layer into a fully solid structure that consists of numerous subgrains.
Waterbird Use of Sheetwater Wetlands in Iowa’s Prairie Pothole Region

Large expanses of land across midcontinental North America have been heavily modified by installation of artificial drainage to convert prairie pothole wetlands into tillable areas. Drained potholes are observed as sheetwater wetlands in agricultural fields, are valued by migratory waterbirds, and have only been studied in limited contexts. We evaluated the use of agricultural sheetwater to migratory waterbirds in Iowa’s Prairie Pothole Region and hypothesized that wetland size would be an important predictor of waterbird use. We observed 1913 unique wetlands and documented waterbird use on 31 % of observations of those wetlands. The most frequently detected waterbirds were Killdeer, Mallard, Blue-winged Teal, and Lesser Yellowlegs. Wetland size had a positive effect (P <0.05) on waterbird species richness and abundance. The findings from this study will help inform future decisions on drainage practices and their impact on wildlife and indicate the need to examine this habitat type at larger temporal and spatial scales.
Examining Changes In The Strategic Alignment Models Alignment Factors Over Time: A Case Study

The strategic alignment model of Henderson and Venkatraman (1994) views IS alignment as occurring among four factors: business strategy, organization infrastructure and processes, IS strategy, and IS infrastructure and processes. Henderson and Venkatraman view strategic alignment as occurring via simultaneous or concurrent attention to all four domains. A single case study was conducted to examine how changes in the alignment factors actually occur over time. Our findings suggest that while H& V indicated the SAM is a descriptive model, it explains few of the changes that actually occurred in the case and has limited applicability as a descriptive model.
Innovation Through Collaborative Course Development: Theory and Practice

A pressing issue for educators is the difficulty in fostering engagement and vesting students in courses. A new pedagogical model labeled Collaborative Course Development (CCD) has evolved as a viable solution. CCD not only allows students to be actively involved in initial course design but also empowers them to make decisions about class structure throughout the term. The purpose of this work is to explain the theoretical background of CCD, outline its effective use, and detail six specific practices for implementation. The article concludes with research-worthy propositions as well as preliminary findings and a brief discussion of potential challenges.
Sentiment Classification using Automatically Extracted Subgraph Features

In this work, we propose a novel representation of text based on patterns derived from linguistic annotation graphs. We use a subgraph mining algorithm to automatically derive features as frequent subgraphs from the annotation graph. This process generates a very large number of features, many of which are highly correlated. We propose a genetic programming based approach to feature construction which creates a fixed number of strong classification predictors from these subgraphs. We evaluate the benefit gained from evolved structured features, when used in addition to the bag-of-words features, for a sentiment classification task.
On Lawyers and Good Samaritans: A Reflection

In this essay, I examine the Good Samaritan story and show that the parable asks us to rethink what it means to be a helper and to be helped. It also raises the question whether lawyers sometimes place themselves outside the ambit of the community that makes their professions possible, to everyone's detriment.
Coastal Homeowner Responses to Hurricane Risk Perceptions

This study extends a recent literature on homeowner behavior in response to changing perceptions of hurricane risk. A survey of coastal North Carolina homeowners is used to measure how hurricane damage expectations correlate with the purchase of defensive home improvements. The findings show that higher household income, larger insurance deductibles, and increased expectations of Category 3 hurricane strikes raise the likelihood of purchasing damage-mitigating improvements. Interestingly, increasing expectations of Category 4 and 5 hurricane strikes are not significantly associated with mitigation decisions. On reflection, this is actually rational, as most insurance deductibles cap homeowners’ potential dollar-damages with those more severe storms. Varied stakeholders, from homeowners to insurers to policymakers and lenders, might use these findings in their own decision-making.
Human Factors Studies to Investigate Driver Behavior under In-Vehicle Information Systems: An Interactive Microcomputer Simulation Approach

In-vehicle traveler information systems are being designed to provide drivers with real-time route guidance and/or traffic advisory information. It is expected that these Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) technologies will have a major impact on travel efficiency by assisting drivers to make better real-time route choices in response to changing network conditions. There is not yet full knowledge as to the impacts that route guidance and traffic advisory systems will have on driver behavior. This paper presents preliminary results from a human factors experiment to investigate the effects of traffic advisory and route guidance information on enroute behavior and travel performance. An interactive microcomputer simulation was used for data collection. The study suggests that both drivers' route choice efficiency and understanding of network conditions can be improved with access to real-time traffic advisory and route guidance information.
Protein Solubility in Turkey Breast Post-Mortem

Abstract Researchers have studied solubility of muscle proteins because of fundamental interests and because of the possible relationship between the change in this characteristic and the “aging” phenomenon in meat. Most of the work with poultry has been done on chickens (Khan and van den Berg, 1964; Khan, 1962; Weinberg and Rose, 1960); little work has been done with turkeys (Scharpf and Marion, 1964; Scharpf et at., 1966). There is general consensus that in beef, pork and chicken muscle, protein solubility decreases through rigor mortis and increases during post-rigor. To further study the changes in protein solubility of turkey breast muscle post-mortem, ten adult male turkeys were sacrificed, processed and stored at 2°C. Samples were taken at random from the breast muscle of each turkey at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-mortem. These samples were ground in an Omni-mixer for 45 seconds, divided into quadruplicate 4 g.…
Addiction Vulnerability and Binge Eating in Women: Exploring Reward Sensitivity, Affect Regulation, Impulsivity & Weight/Shape Concerns.

Abstract Almost 40% of individuals with eating disorders have a comorbid addiction. The current study examined weight/shape concerns as a potential moderator of the relation between the hypothesized latent factor “addiction vulnerability” (i.e., impairments in reward sensitivity, affect regulation and impulsivity) and binge eating. Undergraduate women (n = 272) with either high or low weight/shape concerns completed self-report measures examining reward sensitivity, emotion regulation, impulsivity and disordered (binge) eating. Results showed that (1) reward sensitivity, affect regulation and impulsivity all loaded onto a latent “addiction vulnerability” factor for both women with high and with low weight/shape concerns, (2) women with higher weight/shape concerns reported more impairment in these areas, and (3) weight/shape concerns moderated the relation between addiction vulnerability and binge eating. These findings suggest that underlying processes identified in addiction are present in individuals who binge eat, though weight/shape concerns may be a unique characteristic of disordered eating.
A key to gut health in a few microns of mucus

The trillions of gut microbes inhabiting our intestines live only a few microns away from our own cells. Mucosal immune cells and a physical barrier, the gut epithelium, keep these microbes at bay while allowing them to thrive in the intestinal lumen. A critical element in this balance is the mucus layer that lines the intestinal epithelium and provides a semisolid barrier that separates the gut microbes from our epithelium by a few dozen microns. Gut mucus is not static—rather, it dynamically changes, particularly in response to environmental perturbations such as diet. Quantifying these dynamics, however, is a challenge, as the mucus layer varies across the irregularly shaped intestinal epithelium. Working in mice, Earle et.al. have developed quantitative imaging software to foster a more rigorous and systematic approach to teasing apart the factors that regulate this layer of mucus that lines the intestines. In order to obtain sufficient magnification (20x) to quantify mucus layer thickness in an entire colonic section surrounding a fecal pellet, the authors collected and stitched together approximately 40 fields of view. They used specific dyes, antibodies, and FISH probes to visually differentiate the host epithelium, the mucus, and the microbes, respectively. With edge detection and computational straightening of the image along the length of the epithelial and mucus interface, the authors systematically determined the mucus thickness along the surface of the intestine. Using these quantitative imaging tools, Earle et al . showed that the elimination of microbiota-accessible carbohydrates from the host diet reduced the intestinal mucus layer thickness by approximately one-half. This reduced mucus layer brought the intestinal microbiota closer to the host tissue, which then expressed more of the inflammatory marker Reg3β. This suite of tools enables a more quantitative assessment of this dynamic mucus interface, furthering the identification of environmental and host factors that regulate this important barrier. K. A. Earle et al ., Quantitative imaging of gut microbiota spatial organization. Cell Host Microbe 18 , 478–488 (2015). [[Full Text]][1] [1]: http://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128%2815%2900371-6
Embroidered electrochemical sensors for biomolecular detection

Electrochemical sensors are powerful analytical tools which possess the capacity for rapid detection of biomarkers in clinical specimens. While most electrochemical sensors are fabricated on rigid substrates, there is a growing need for sensors that can be manufactured on inexpensive and flexible materials. Here, we present a unique embroidered electrochemical sensor that is capable of quantitative analytical measurements using raw biofluid samples. Conductive threads immobilized with enzyme probes were generated using a simple and robust fabrication process and used to fabricate flexible, mechanically robust electrodes on textiles. For proof of concept, measurements were performed to detect glucose and lactate in buffer and whole blood samples, which exhibited excellent specificity and accuracy. We also demonstrate that our embroidered biosensor can be readily fabricated in two-dimensional (2D) arrays for multiplexed measurements. Lastly, we show that this biosensor exhibits good resiliency against mechanical stress and superior repeatability, which are important requirements for flexible sensor platforms.
Research on Triggering and Monitoring Synthetic Test Equipment Auxiliary Valves

Operational tests on high voltage valves could be completed by Synthetic Test Equipment.The self-developed CEPRI Synthetic Test Equipment is introduced in this paper.An optimum triggering and monitoring auxiliary thyristor vavles technology is developed to control the auxiliary thyristor vavles,the needed high voltage and high current could be obtained,at the same time,the real-time conditions of auxiliary thyristor valves and optical channel are monitored.
Simulating Calculation of the Variations of Organic Matter Abundance and Hydrocarbon-generating Potential during Geological Processes

Based on the examination of the losing of organic matter due to the generation and expulsion of hydrocarbons and the weight loss of inorganic matter due to diagenesis and water expulsion, this paper presents calculations of the variations of organic matter abundance and hydrocarbon-generating potential along with changes of the organic matter type, the initial organic carbon content, the maturity degree and hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency in the geologic history; and discusses the possible variation ranges of the restoring coefficient of organic carbon and the loss ratio of hydrocarbon potential. The results indicate that the variations of organic matter abundance and hydrocarbon-generating potential during geological processes depend mainly upon the efficiency of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. For type I organic matter, the measured content of organic matter increases rather than decreases with the deepening of evolution, whereas for type I organic matter, the restoring coefficient of organic carbon can be as high as 2. The loss ratio of hydrocarbon potential increases with meliorating organic type and increasing maturity. Generally speaking, the restoring extent of hydrocarbon potential of organic matter is much higher than that of organic carbon.
An Unrecorded Grammar: Speaking Embodiment in J. M. Coetzee’s "In the Heart of the Country"

This essay seeks to understand how J. M. Coetzee’s In the Heart of the Country elaborates a response to the suffering body by way of linguistic indeterminacy, including its structural presentation via numbered and often contradictory passages and the liminality of Magda’s consciousness. Grounding the paper on the possibility that Heart functions through its lacunae, I argue that Magda rewrites the oppressive language she has inherited by pointing to realities it cannot grasp, including the irreducible witness of the body in pain. The body stands as an incontrovertible presence just outside the reach of language, where, in its refusal to be codified, it catalyses new, transgressive attempts at speaking. Such attempts function as a body-speech that could transform the speaking-about of Magda’s monologue into the speaking-to of reciprocity. It is a language that Magda ultimately fails to articulate. She remains suspended in potentiality, reading the signals “in conformations of face and hands” that communicate, incompletely, the mysteries of another’s being. But perhaps the act of speaking to another must always remain poised on the brink of failure: response to the unknown of another’s being requires an unrecorded grammar. Thus, in the lacunae of his unfixed text, Coetzee offers a linguistic event as a response to actual suffering.
Teaching receiver operating characteristic analysis: an interactive laboratory exercise.

Rationale and Objectives Despite its fundamental importance in the evaluation of diagnostic tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is not easily understood. The purpose of this project was to create a learning experience that resulted in an intuitive understanding of the basic principles of ROC analysis. Materials and Methods An interactive laboratory exercise was developed for a class about radiology testing taught within a clinical epidemiology course between 2000 and 2009. The physician students in the course were clinical fellows from various medical specialties who were enrolled in a graduate degree program in clinical investigation. For the exercise, the class was divided into six groups. Each group interpreted radiographs from a set of 50 exams of the peripheral skeleton to determine the presence or absence of an acute fracture. Data from the class were pooled and given to each student. Students calculated the area under the ROC curve (AUC) corresponding to overall class performance. A binormal ROC curve was also fitted to the data from each class year. Results The laboratory exercise was conducted for 8 years with approximately 20–30 students per year. The mean AUC over the eight laboratory classes was 0.72 with a standard deviation of 0.08 (range, 0.60–0.85). Conclusion With some simplifications in design, an observer study can be conducted in a laboratory classroom setting. Participatory data collection promotes the intuitive understanding of ROC analysis principles.
SurePoint: Exploiting Ultra Wideband Flooding and Diversity to Provide Robust, Scalable, High-Fidelity Indoor Localization: Demo Abstract

We present SurePoint, a system for drop-in, high-fidelity indoor localization. SurePoint builds on recently available commercial ultra-wideband radio hardware. While ultra-wideband radios provide a pairwise range estimate natively, we show that with the addition of frequency and spatial diversity, we can achieve a 53% decrease in median range error. Because this extra diversity requires many additional packets for each range estimate, we leverage an efficient broadcast ranging protocol for localization that ameliorates this overhead. In stationary and fast-moving environments SurePoint achieves up to 0.08 m median error and 0.53 m 99th percentile error. As ranging requires the tag to have exclusive access to the channel, we employ a protocol to coordinate the localization of multiple tags in space. This protocol builds on recent work exploiting the constructive interference phenomenon, however SurePoint is the first to demonstrate constructive interface using the 802.15.4a ultra-wideband PHY. Finally, as the ranging protocol requires careful management of the ultra-wideband radio and tight timing, we utilize TriPoint, a dedicated "drop-in" ranging module that provides a simple I2C interface. We show that this additional microcontroller demands only marginal energy overhead while facilitating interoperability by freeing the primary microcontroller to handle other tasks.This demo complements the paper "SurePoint: Exploiting Ultra Wideband Flooding and Diversity to Provide Robust, Scalable, High-Fidelity Indoor Localization" to be presented at SenSys'16.
Collective Recollections: Approaches to Memory in Sociology

This chapter introduces the reader to the literature on collective memory, focusing on the study of difficult pasts. The chapter discusses the two lines of sociological analysis. The first emphasizes the role of memory entrepreneurs in designing memorials and commemorations that shape the recollections of the public. The second focuses on what individuals remember from that past and finds that events occurring in one’s youth are typically most memorable. The chapter proposes to bring together these two prominent lines of inquiry and to address how white youth on in the midst of Civil Rights activities in Birmingham reconstructed their autobiographical memories in light of a difficult past. The chapter overviews important strategies for this analysis including Halbwachs’ work on memory, recent literature on commemorations, Swidler’s conceptualization of culture, and the cultural theory of trauma.
Editorial: Advancing Adoption of Frailty to Improve the Care of Patients with Cirrhosis: Time for a Consensus on a Frailty Index.

Editorial: Advancing Adoption of Frailty to Improve the Care of Patients with Cirrhosis: Time for a Consensus on a Frailty Index
Patterns of care and survival outcomes of palliative radiation for prostate cancer with bone metastases: comparison of ≤5 fractions to ≥10 fractions

Background: To review the palliative radiation fractionation regimens, trends and survival of men within the National Cancer Database (NCDB) diagnosed with prostate cancer and bony metastases. Methods: A total of 3,871 patients from the NCDB were included in the analysis (patients treated from 2004–2012). The following fractionation regimens were analyzed [8 Gy × 1, 4 Gy × 5 (short course radiation therapy)], were compared to 3 Gy × 10, 2.50 Gy × 14–15 and 2 Gy × 20–30 (long course radiation ntherapy). Descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression and multivariable cox regression analysis were utilized to assess the data. Results: Longer fractionation schemes were used for 91.7% of patients. Treatment at an academic center (OR, 2.93), increasing distance from treatment center (OR, 1.48–1.59), treatment to the ribs (OR, 2.47), and year of diagnosis 2009 or later (OR, 2.31–3.26) were associated with an increased likelihood of receiving short course radiation, while treatment to the spine (OR, 0.34) was associated with a decreased likelihood of short course radiation. On multivariable analysis, longer course of radiation was associated with increased overall survival (HR =0.66; 95% CI: 0.56–0.78, P Conclusions: Fractionation schemes of ≥10 treatments remain the dominant palliative course of radiation therapy offered for metastatic prostate cancer. However, utilization of ≤5 fractions is slowly increasing, particularly at academic centers.
Human Gene Expression in Murine Hemopoietic Cells In Vivo

Somatic gene transfer offers the possibility of a new approach in the treatment of human genetic disease. Defects affecting the blood and blood forming tissues are candidates for therapies involving transfer of new genetic information into hemopoietic stem cells. One such defect, adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, is being used as a model in which hemopoietic gene transfer techniques can be developed and evaluated. In this model, gene transfer is mediated by a retroviral vector. Retroviral vectors have been used extensively to deliver information to hemopoietic cells1–14. We have previously reported delivery and expression of human ADA (hADA) sequences in murine hemopoietic progenitors in vitro15 and in vivo16, but were not able to demonstrate long term stability of expression. We describe here the construction and testing of four new vectors, representing the first demonstration of efficient transfer and long term in vivo expression of hADA in murine hemopoietic cells.
Role of Ion-Exchangers in the Cat Carotid Body Chemotransduction

CO2-O2 stimulus interaction in the responses of the carotid body (CB) chemosensory discharges is well known I. Consistent with this is the observation that the response to hypoxia can be eliminated by diminishing the strength of CO2 stimulus 2. On the other hand, PCO2 and H+ stimuli can elicit a response without tissue hypoxia. Accordingly it may be hypothesized that the hypoxic response is based on and mediated by the CO2- dependent fr stimulus. The hypothesis, however, cannot be fully tested in vivo because CO2 cannot be eliminated to study the effects of hypoxia alone. In vitro experiments offers the advantage that CO2-HCO3 - can be eliminated in the external milieu, and the extracellular [H+] can be manipulated to test the idea that hypoxic response is dependent on CO2-HCO3 - and is mediated by cellular [H+].The current proposal is that decreases in glomus cell pH or PO2 initiate intracellular Ca2+ changes, perhaps preceded by its membrane responses and followed by the release of neurotransmitters which, acting on the respective receptors, lead to neural chemosensory discharges1. If the chemosensory responses are determined by events in the glomus cells, several predictions can be made and tested regarding chemoreception in these cells.
Blind subspace system identification with Riemannian optimization

Subspace identification methods provide a reliable set of methods to recover system parameters of linear dynamical systems based on the observation of their inputs and outputs. However, in the common case where one does not have access to the inputs, the identification problem becomes harder, and is referred to as blind system identification. On the other hand, if the inputs can be assumed to lie on a known subspace, identification techniques based on low-rank matrix recovery can be applied. In this case, blind subspace system identification has been formulated as the problem of simultaneously recovering structured low-rank matrices associated with both the system and inputs. Notwithstanding, the convex relaxation approach to this problem, where the objective function is defined as a sum of the nuclear norms of two matrices, has been shown to be significantly sub-optimal as it typically favors one of the objective terms. In this work, we propose a method for the joint identification of system and inputs using optimization over Riemann manifolds. Riemannian optimization defines operators that allow low-rank matrix constraints to be incorporated in the search space, producing feasible solutions by construction. Our approach takes advantage of this capability and formulates blind subsystem identification as a low-rank matrix approximation problem over the product manifold of fixed-rank matrices.
Wire Obstacle Warning System: A Real-Time Airborne Sensor For Automatic Detection And Recognition Of Wirelike Objects

A sensor has been designed to provide real-time detection and recognition of 3 mm wires at range of 300 meters during nighttime helicopter flight operations. An Army-sponsored program to demonstrate such automatic wire detection and warning for Nap-of-the-Earth (NOE) helicopter missions is currently in progress. Wire or wirelike objects are electro-optically detected and then recognized by a pattern recognition technique. The recognition algorithm is accomplished within 50 msec of the first wire detection indication. A flyable exploratory development wire obstacle warning system model, consisting of a scanning laser transmitter, electro-optical receiver, real-time processor, and display unit is described.
A comparison of computationally predicted functional metagenomes and microarray analysis for microbial P cycle genes in a unique basalt-soil forest

Here we compared microbial results for the same Phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycle genes from a GeoChip microarray and PICRUSt functional predictions from 16S rRNA data for 20 samples in the four spatially separated Gotjawal forests on Jeju Island in South Korea. The high homogeneity of microbial communities detected at each site allows sites to act as environmental replicates for comparing the two different functional analysis methods. We found that while both methods capture the homogeneity of the system, both differed greatly in the total abundance of genes detected, as well as the diversity of taxa detected. Additionally, we introduce a more comprehensive functional assay that again captures the homogeneity of the system but also captures more extensive community gene and taxonomic information and depth. While both methods have their advantages and limitations, PICRUSt appears better suited to asking questions specifically related to microbial community P as we did here. This comparison of methods makes important distinctions between both the results and the capabilities of each method and can help select the best tool for answering different scientific questions.
Mid-frontal theta activity is diminished during cognitive control in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Mid-frontal theta activity underlies cognitive control. These 4–8 Hz rhythms are modulated by cortical dopamine and can be abnormal in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we investigated mid-frontal theta deficits in PD patients during a task explicitly involving cognitive control. We collected scalp EEG from high-performing PD patients and demographically matched controls during performance of a modified Simon reaction-time task. This task involves cognitive control to adjudicate response conflict and error-related adjustments. Task performance of PD patients was indistinguishable from controls, but PD patients had less mid-frontal theta modulations around cues and responses. Critically, PD patients had attenuated mid-frontal theta activity specifically associated with response conflict and post-error processing. These signals were unaffected by medication or motor scores. Post-error mid-frontal theta activity was correlated with disease duration. Classification of control vs. PD from these data resulted in a specificity of 69% and a sensitivity of 72%. These findings help define the scope of mid-frontal theta aberrations during cognitive control in PD, and may provide insight into the nature of PD-related cognitive dysfunction.
The Evolution of Cross-Platform Media Use in the United States: Insights from Consumer Research and NBC Universal’s “Olympic Research Lab”

As media technology is changing and consumers are adopting new technologies, many established habits are morphing into new ways of media use. As a result, established business models are being challenged and new business models have to be created. This chapter focuses on NBC Universal (NBCU) as the exclusive carrier of Olympic video in the United States and the decision-making processes that led to its video coverage strategy of the Beijing Summer Olympics in 2008 in light of evolving consumer preferences. The chapter describes the learning from on-going research into Americans’ media habits, how those insights were applied to the Beijing coverage strategy, and reports on NBCU’s “Olympic Research Lab,” a major investment into research in connection with the Beijing Games, that gave valuable insights into how audiences prefer to experience media content in general, and Olympic coverage, today and in the future in particular.
Port-Royal Tradition of Grammar

The Port-Royal treatises on language and in particular the Grammaire generale et raisonee and the Logique represent a move away from prescriptivism and the direct method of teaching to a scientific and rational view. Borrowing greatly from their predecessors, the Port-Royalists created originality in thought and practice. Furthermore, by writing their teaching manuals in French rather than Latin they set a new precedent, namely that the vernaculars were elevated into languages that could be used for both humanistic and scientific texts. Furthermore, by writing the Port-Royal grammars in French at a time when Latin was receding anyway, they became available to a much larger audience.
Isothermal and nonisothermal decomposition of thymopentin and its analogs in aqueous solution.

Purpose. The degradation kinetics of thymopentin (RKDVY) and its analogs (RKDVW and RPDVY) in aqueous solution was studied by isothermal and nonisothermal methods.
GETTING AROUND ON A SPHERE

This chapter describes how to compute the new coordinates for a point P on a sphere resulting from moving in some direction. It highlights that while latitude and longitude are convenient for people, most calculations for the sphere are done more easily in Cartesian coordinates. Given point P on the sphere, the plane T tangent to the sphere at P will have its normal vector going from the origin through P . Thus, the first three coefficients for the plane equation will be T a = P x , T b = P y , and T c = P z . Because the plane must contain P , T d = − ( P · P ), that is, the negative of the dot product between the vector from the origin to P and itself. The chapter highlights that movement on the sphere must be in some direction. One way to specify directions is by means of a great circle G going through the current point P . In this way, movement can be described as either along G , or in a direction at some angle at G .
Further Distinctions Among Major Subjective QOL Concepts

This chapter describes a plethora of studies that have closely examined distinctions among subjective quality-of-life (QOL) concepts, such as those that were spelled out in the previous chapter. I will start out with the distinction between subjective and objective QOL; then I will move to the distinction between input and outcome indicators of QOL, followed by the distinction between inner and outer aspects of QOL. Then I will shift gears and describe studies that have focused on making a clear distinction between happiness and life satisfaction. Following this discussion, I will describe the concept of subjective well-being as an umbrella concept incorporating both affective and cognitive dimensions of QOL. Finally, I will describe studies that have distinguished between subjective well-being and eudaimonia and its variants.
The Impact of Culture on the Enterprise Systems Adoption in Japan and the U.S.

Although enterprise systems are gaining interests from both practitioners and researchers because of their potential linkages to organizational and individual user’s productivity, there are few papers that investigate enterprise systems management and implementation issues based on the end users’ perspective with the cross-cultural mechanisms. This issue is important because currently the enterprise systems involve end-users with the different cultural backgrounds. Thus, this paper applies enterprise systems adoption issue to the cross-cultural end user perspectives in Japan and the U.S. based on the personal innovativeness in IT, intrinsic motivation, and the moderating effects of Hofstede’s cultural difference. Innovation diffusion theory and self determination theory are the theoretical foundations for developing the model in this study. The paper proposes research model and the implications to the IS community.
Flow field in the wake of a bluff body driven through a steady recirculating flow

The wake produced by a bluff body driven through a steady recirculating flow is studied experimentally in a water facility using particle image velocimetry. The bluff body has a rectangular cross section of height, $$H$$ , and width, $$D$$ , such that the aspect ratio, AR = H/D, is equal to 3. The motion of the bluff body is uniform and rectilinear, and corresponds to a Reynolds number based on width, Re D = 9,600. The recirculating flow is confined within a hemicylindrical enclosure and is generated by planar jets emanating from slots of width, $$h$$ , such that $$Re_h=500$$ . Under these conditions, experiments are performed in a closed-loop facility that enables complete optical access to the near-wake. Velocity fields are obtained up to a distance of $$13D$$ downstream of the moving body. Data include a selection of phase-averaged velocity fields representative of the wake for a baseline case (no recirculation) and an interaction case (with recirculation). Results indicate that the transient downwash flow typically observed in wakes behind finite bodies of small aspect ratio is significantly perturbed by the recirculating flow. The wake is displaced from the ground plane and exhibits a shorter recirculation zone downstream of the body. In summary, it was found that the interaction between a bluff body wake and a recirculating flow pattern alters profoundly the dynamics of the wake, which has implications on scalar transport in the wake.
Graduate Education and Public Service Internships: A Theoretic Framework to Guide Learning

This paper provides a theoretical framework to guide the learning experience of graduate internships. It is a model linking four traditional American democratic governance interpretations of admini...
Thermoplastic Electrode Arrays in Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Devices

Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) have garnered significant interest as an alternative to traditional benchtop methods due to their low cost and simple fabrication. Historically, ePADs have relied almost exclusively on single electrode detection, limiting potential gains in sensitivity and selectivity achievable with multiple electrodes. Herein we describe incorporation of thermoplastic electrode (TPE) arrays into flow ePADs. Quasi-steady flow was solely generated by capillary action through a fan-shaped paper device. The electrode arrays were fabricated using a simple solvent-assisted method with inexpensive materials (i.e., graphite and thermoplastic binder). These electrodes can be employed as an array of individually addressable detectors or connected as an interdigitated electrode array. The TPEs were characterized through SEM, optical profilometry and cyclic voltammetry. Chronoamperometry was used to characterize the flow-based TPE-ePADs. Trace detection of a ferrocene complex (...
Predictive models of world conflict: accounting for regional and conflict-state differences:

Developing nation-conflict forecasting models is of vital importance to international resource allocation strategies that affect regional and worldwide security and stability. A nation in conflict ...
Core-shell quantum dot electron bubbles as exotic ions in superfluid liquid 4He

Abstract A number of experiments in superfluid helium-4 over the past fifty years on the mobility of electron bubbles, which are unique quantum dots in the liquid state, revealed the existence of a “fast” ion and other “exotic” negative ions whose origin and structure still remains unresolved. The fast ion has a mobility which is six times that of the well understood single electron bubble and the other ions span a region from the fast ion mobility to that of the electron bubble. The work presented here shows that a net anionic, two electron, core-shell quantum dot could potentially explain these findings and provide direction for new experimental work. The model described is based on the quantum confinement and stabilization of short-lived shape resonances which originate from anti-bonding orbitals.
Fine-grained Information Status Classification Using Discourse Context-Aware Self-Attention.

Previous work on bridging anaphora recognition (Hou et al., 2013a) casts the problem as a subtask of learning fine-grained information status (IS). However, these systems heavily depend on many hand-crafted linguistic features. In this paper, we propose a discourse context-aware self-attention neural network model for fine-grained IS classification. On the ISNotes corpus (Markert et al., 2012), our model with the contextually-encoded word representations (BERT) (Devlin et al., 2018) achieves new state-of-the-art performances on fine-grained IS classification, obtaining a 4.1% absolute overall accuracy improvement compared to Hou et al. (2013a). More importantly, we also show an improvement of 3.9% F1 for bridging anaphora recognition without using any complex hand-crafted semantic features designed for capturing the bridging phenomenon.
Entanglements of Water Management

This review essay investigates Andrea Ballestero’s A Future History of Water (Duke University Press, Durham, 2019), Jeremy Schmidt’s Water: Abundance, Scarcity, and Security in the Age of Humanity (New York University Press, New York, 2017), and Wade Graham’s Braided Waters: Environment and Society in Molokai, Hawai’i (University of California, Oakland, 2018) within the wider theme of water-human relationships. More specifically, these books provide insight into the human dimensions of water management as they explore the process of how water impacts and drives economic, social, and political change. By doing this, Ballestero, Schmidt, and Graham highlight water’s agency and the vital role it plays in a variety of locations and situations. Broadly speaking, works like these help move water beyond discussions limited to ecological science, giving this resource a starring role in crucial discussions ranging from policy and economics to community development and social equity. In this regard, environmental issues are holistic matters that must engage cultural, economic, political, and religious dimensions as well as ecological issues. Collectively these books show that water’s fluctuating nature dictates the structure of our world, permeating every issue from the daily to the global while reinforcing the need to look critically at this life-giving resource.
FINDING AUTHENTICITY THROUGH STORYTELLING: REFLECTIONS FROM A HIGH SCHOOL CLASSROOM

This piece is an auto-biographical reflection on my year-long experience creating a new course called Oral Interpretations and Expressions. Teaching the course allowed me to find an authenticity and identity in my work, which had been eluding me as I conformed to administrative norms in education. Through the practice of story-telling in spoken word poetry, my students and I found healing and transformation. This note invites the reader to consider how story-telling might be used in their own teaching spaces to empower a deeper connection to authenticity within themselves and their students.
The impact of clinical trial (CTr) participation on savings performance in the oncology care model (OCM).

e19367Background: The OCM is a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) alternative payment model, which seeks to curb costs while improving care for patients receiving systemic cancer ther...
Peanut Allergen Powder-dnfp: A Novel Oral Immunotherapy to Mitigate Peanut Allergy.

Objective: To review data on efficacy and safety of peanut allergen powder-dnfp (PAP; Palforzia), a novel oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy, a common food allergy. Data Sources: A PubMed/CINAHL search in English was performed from inception to June 30, 2020, using the search words peanut allergy, desensitization, ARA101, and peanut oral immunotherapy. Study Selection and Data Extraction Quantification: Published phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, documents presented to the Food and Drug Administration, and supplemental study documentation were reviewed. Articles evaluated PAP's pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety. Data Synthesis: PAP was efficacious and safe for treatment of peanut allergy in mostly Caucasian children, 4 to 17 years old. A key phase III clinical trial showed a statistically significant difference (primary end point) between PAP 600 mg and placebo groups (67.2% vs 4%; P < 0.001). During initial dose escalation and updosing phases, gastrointestinal and respiratory tract allergic reactions (ARs) were more common in the PAP group. More epinephrine rescue was used in the PAP group. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Oral immunotherapy for desensitization of peanut allergy was shown to reduce the severity of reactions if accidental allergen exposure occurs. Risk evaluation and mitigation strategy certification is required for pharmacies, health care providers, and clinics. More data in real-world populations will enhance its effectiveness. Conclusions: In patients 4 to 17 years old, PAP mitigated ARs, including anaphylaxis, that may occur with accidental peanut exposure. Although there are risks, it was efficacious in more than two-thirds of participants in phase 2 and phase 3 efficacy trials.
Molecular analysis of a rare case of low-grade primary peritoneal serous carcinoma in a male.

Primary peritoneal serous carcinomas (PPSC) are exceedingly rare in male patients. Only a few cases were reported, and mostly with the limited immunophenotypical characterization. No molecular analysis of PPSC in males has been previously performed. We here describe another case of PPSC in a male patient. A comprehensive molecular analysis of the tumor revealed SF3B1 gene mutation as a possible driver.
Random Sampling in Matroids, with Applications to Graph Connectivity and Minimum Spanning Trees.

Random sampling is a powerful way to gather information about a group by considering only a small part of it. We give a paradigm for applying this technique to optimization problems, and demonstrate its effectiveness on matroids. Matroids abstractly model many optimization problems that can be solved by greedy methods, such as the minimum spanning tree (MST) problem. Our results have several applications. We give an algorithm that uses simple data structures to construct an MST in O(m+n logn) time (Klein and Tarjan [21] have recently shown that a better choice of parameters makes this algorithm run in O(m + n) time). We give bounds on the connectivity (minimum cut) of a graph suffering random edge failures. We give fast algorithms for packing matroid bases, with particular attention to packing spanning trees in graphs.
The positive effects of leader impression management on perceptions of transformational leadership

Followers accept influence when target leaders meet follower perceptions of what it means to be a leader. Impression management (IM) is an important means of influencing these perceptions, particul...