cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3802: PPAR gamma mediated induction of transglutaminase in aerodigestive preneoplasia in vitro

Currently there are no validated biomarkers or therapies for human aerodigestive preneoplasia. There is increasing interest in the utilization of PPAR gamma mediated therapy for oral leukoplakia reversal based on preliminary clinical trial results. Transglutaminases (TGMs) are associated with squamous differentiation, and therefore might be hypothesized to be upregulated with PPAR gamma differentiation therapies. In the present study we sought to examine the feasibility of utilizing transglutaminases as a downstream readout for PPAR gamma activator treatment of oral leukoplakia. First we examined our Affymetrix database of human head and neck tumors for the presence or absence of transglutaminases 1-3 in 41 tumors compared to 13 normal oral mucosa samples. We discovered that TGM 1 and 3 were significantly upregulated in normal tissues compared to tumors (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3802.
Risk and Driver Behavior with Adjustable Pedals

Recently, various automotive manufacturers have developed and installed adjustable pedal systems that allow the pedal package (accelerator, brake, and clutch) to be moved in unison toward or away f...
CT guided diffuse optical tomography for breast cancer imaging

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) has attracted attentions in the last two decades due to its intrinsic sensitivity in imaging chromophores of tissues such as blood, water, and lipid. However, DOT has not been clinically accepted yet due to its low spatial resolution caused by strong optical scattering in tissues. Structural guidance provided by an anatomical imaging modality enhances the DOT imaging substantially. Here, we propose a computed tomography (CT) guided multispectral DOT imaging system for breast cancer detection. To validate its feasibility, we have built a prototype DOT imaging system which consists of a laser at wavelengths of 650 and an electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD) camera. We have validated the CT guided DOT reconstruction algorithms with numerical simulations and phantom experiments, in which different imaging setup parameters, such as projection number of measurements, the width of measurement patch, have been investigated. Our results indicate that an EMCCD camera with air cooling is good enough for the transmission mode DOT imaging. We have also found that measurements at six projections are sufficient for DOT to reconstruct the optical targets with 4 times absorption contrast when the CT guidance is applied. Finally, we report our effort and progress on the integration of the multispectral DOT imaging system into a breast CT scanner.
The Effective Microorganisms Therapy of Children Who Were Positive for the Associated Toxin Antibody of Helicobacter Pylori

Objective To appraise the curative effect of using Effective Microorganisms(Bifid,Triple Viable Capsules) to cure Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods Children who have exactly infected Helicobacter pylori were divided into two groups: group of curing(Omeprazole Bifid,Triple Viable Capsules) had 43 patients; group of antitheses(Omeprazole,Amoxicillin,Clarithromycin) had 46 patients. After one-week therapy,children whose symptoms have lightened were effective; by the end of the fourth week,children whose Helicobacter pylori antibody had become negative in serum Immunoblot measure showed that Helicobacter pylori had been deracinated. Results The effective rate in the group of curing was 83.7%,the effective rate in the group of antitheses was 91.3%(χ2 =0.58,P0.05),two rates had no significant diversity; The rate of deracination in the group of curing was 74.4%,the rate of deracination in the group of antitheses was 84.8%(χ2=0.47,P0.05),two rates had no significant diversity. Conclusion The study suggested Bifid. Triple Viable Capsules had a significant effect on anti-Hp infection. It is one of the most future drugs in clinical anti-Hp infection therapy.
A Non-stationary Analysis Using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition to Detect Anomalies in Building Energy Consumption

Abstract Commercial buildings’ consumption is driven by multiple factors that include occupancy, system and equipment efficiency, thermal heat transfer, equipment plug loads, maintenance and operational procedures, and outdoor and indoor temperatures. A modern building energy system can be viewed as a complex dynamical system that is interconnected and influenced by external and internal factors. Modern large scale sensor measures some physical signals to monitor real-time system behaviors. Such data has the potentials to detect anomalies, identify consumption patterns, and analyze peak loads. The paper proposes a novel method to detect hidden anomalies in commercial building energy consumption system. The framework is based on Hilbert-Huang transform and instantaneous frequency analysis. The objectives are to develop an automated data pre-processing system that can detect anomalies and provide solutions with real-time consumption database using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition(EEMD) method. The finding of this paper will also include the comparisons of Empirical mode decomposition and Ensemble empirical mode decomposition of three important type of institutional buildings.
Circadian Aspects of the Cellular Redox State: Melatonin Actions and Implications for Oncogenesis

Melatonin, a secretory product of the pineal gland, is now know to efficiently detoxify a number of free radicals and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and to function, especially in vivo, as a effective antioxidant. This indoleamine has been found to scavenge the most reactive free radical, i.e., the hydroxyl radical (•OH); in the process of neutralizing two •OH melatonin is converted to cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin, a metabolite that is excreted into the urine and which can be used as a biomarker of in vivo •OH generation. In addition to scavenging the •OH, melatonin also detoxifies the peroxynitrite anion (ONOO−), nitric oxide (NO•), singlet oxygen (1O2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCI); its effectiveness in scavenging the peroxyl radical (LOO•) is still being debated. From a circadian standpoint, the total antioxidant status (TAS) of serum of rodents and man fluctuates in parallel with its melatonin concentration. Similarly, levels in two antioxidative enzymes, i.e., glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, exhibit nocturnal increases in activities in the brain, which follow shortly the nighttime rise in melatonin levels. Likewise, if the circadian melatonin cycle is suppressed so are the rhythms of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Additional studies should be directed at the circadian aspects of the cellular redox state particularly as they relate to the intracellular concentrations of melatonin.
The Economics of Products Liability: A Reaction to McKean

It seems appropriate to begin a discussion of the law and economics of products liability by reminding ourselves that law and economics are such very different disciplines that lawyers and economists are bound to have difficulty in understanding each other's approach to this or any other topic. The trouble is not merely that we have not studied each other's subject; the trouble is that from the outset we approach problems in very different ways and with different purposes in view. I cannot think except with great diffidence about the lawyer's point of view, but I believe it to be pre-eminently practical. Whether the lawyer sits on the bench or stands before it, his business is to make social decisions. In making those decisions he has many things to take into account, and, in particular, he has to apply the standards of ethics and justice and mutual obligation that are inscribed in the law. The economist, on the other hand, is not concerned with reaching decisions at all. His business is part that of a scientist and part that of a social critic. His task is to describe the way the world operates and if possible to describe it so well and so profoundly that he can infer how the world would operate if conditions were somewhat altered, that is, so he can predict the consequences of following different policies. These predictions are sometimes useful for reaching decisions, but they are not decisions. If a decision is to be reached, one has to add to predictions of different consequences some social scale of values that enables one to tell which set of consequences is to be preferred. As Professor McKean has emphasized, economics itself is not equipped with such a scale of values. So the economist must stop at the point where he can foretell with either weak or great assurance what consequences will flow from alternative measures or policies. The politician, the moralist, the journalist or the lawyer is equipped with the requisite set of values, so that he can make or recommend a decision. The economist, in short, is preoccupied with descriptions and predictions, the lawyer with legal and equitable decisions. It is no won-
Filing With Your Fingers Crossed: Should a Party Be Sanctioned for Filing a Claim to Which There is a Dispositive, Yet Waivable, Affirmative Defense?

The complications involved in addressing whether Rule 11 sanctions on plaintiff are appropriate in an instance where affirmative defenses are available to defendant are addresses in this article. The federal court’s different approaches to this issue, yes to sanctions, no to sanctions, and sometimes sanctions, are discussed. The Fourth Circuit’s decision in Brubaker v. City of Richmond and its approach on with respect to imposing sanctions are discussed at length. Souran v. Travelers Ins. Co. is discussed as an example of courts not sanctioning plaintiffs where affirmative defenses existed. When addressing the sometimes or middle-ground approach White v. General Motors Corp. is evaluated. The discussion of a middle ground approach evaluates the possibility of sanctions when the affirmative defense was “obvious.” The challenges of defining obvious are considered. In addition to determining what is obvious this article highlights that requiring a plaintiff to account for affirmative defenses that are not part of the substantive claim is in opposition to the Rules Enabling Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2072(b), which prohibits a procedural rule from “abridg[ing], enlarg[ing], or modify[ing] a substantive right.” Burdens and challenges of plaintiffs and defendants in addressing the difficulty of dealing with filed actions subject to affirmative defenses are addressed. A proposal somewhat of the middle-ground nature is provided whereby plaintiffs that file an action in which an affirmative defense is asserted must on their own dismiss the action, thus eliminating the need for defendant to do so through what may amount to a summary judgment motion involving far more of the parties’ and courts’ resources than is necessary.
Anointing a “City of Light and Wisdom”

The concept of technopolis was introduced to Austin more than a decade ago. The setting was an international conference in March of 1987, hosted by the University of Texas’ IC2 (Innovation, Creativity, Capital) Institute. Participants came from Japan, China, England, France and the silicon centers of the US to present their views on emerging issues in technology commercialization and economic development.
Vertical Integration of Neurolinguistic Mechanisms

Contributions from subcortical circuits to language functions are acknowledged but are often considered separately from the contributions of the cortex. Brain organization and the evidence from studies of primate vocalization, as well as evidence from aphasic studies, argue for a framework in which contributions from the entire extent of the neuraxis to language is considered. Lateralization of language functions may be a result of asymmetries in brainstem neuromodulator projection systems and corticolimbic organization. These asymmetries appear to reflect the different functioning of two elementary, regulatory systems. These regulatory systems and their underlying subcortical-limbic-cortical circuits provide mechanisms by which emotion, memory, and motor control, as well as language functions, are regulated and integrated across the neural hierarchy.
Aerobic capacity and hepatic mitochondrial lipid oxidation alters susceptibility for chronic high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis

Rats selectively bred for high capacity running (HCR) or low capacity running (LCR) display divergence for intrinsic aerobic capacity and hepatic mitochondrial oxidative capacity, both factors associated with susceptibility for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we tested if HCR and LCR rats display differences in susceptibility for hepatic steatosis after 16 wk of high-fat diets (HFD) with either 45% or 60% of kcals from fat. HCR rats were protected against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, whereas only the 60% HFD induced steatosis in LCR rats, as marked by a doubling of liver triglycerides. Hepatic complete fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and mitochondrial respiratory capacity were all lower in LCR compared with HCR rats. LCR rats also displayed lower hepatic complete and incomplete FAO in the presence of etomoxir, suggesting a reduced role for noncarnitine palmitoyltransferase-1-mediated lipid catabolism in LCR versus HCR rats. Hepatic complete FAO and mitochondrial respiration were largely unaffected by either chronic HFD; however, 60% HFD feeding markedly reduced 2-pyruvate oxidation, a marker of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux, and mitochondrial complete FAO only in LCR rats. LCR rats displayed lower levels of hepatic long-chain acylcarnitines than HCR rats but maintained similar levels of hepatic acetyl-carnitine levels, further supporting lower rates of β-oxidation, and TCA cycle flux in LCR than HCR rats. Finally, only LCR rats displayed early reductions in TCA cycle genes after the acute initiation of a HFD. In conclusion, intrinsically high aerobic capacity confers protection against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis through elevated hepatic mitochondrial oxidative capacity.
Abstract MIP-044: FOXM1 INDUCED REPLICATION STRESS IS MITIGATED BY ITS BIDIRECTIONAL GENE PARTNER, RHNO1, IN HIGH GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCER

PURPOSE : FOXM1 is located at 12p13.33, a significantly amplified locus in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). The 12p13.33 amplicon contains ~33 genes, which may cooperate with FOXM1 to exert oncogenic function. Although FOXM1 expression is associated with cancer genomic instability, it is unclear whether FOXM1 causes this phenotype and, if so, by what mechanism. We hypothesized that FOXM1 induces replication stress, which is the slowing or stalling of replication forks. We further noted that RHNO1 , a component of the 9-1-1 complex required for ATR-CHK1 signaling, is contained within the 12p13.33 amplicon, and arranged in a head-to-head orientation with FOXM1 . Here, we characterized the FOXM1-RHNO1 bidirectional promoter, FOXM1 and RHNO1 expression patterns in HGSC, and determined the relationship between FOXM1 and RHNO1 in replication stress. METHODS: We used 59 RACE and a luciferase reporter construct to characterize the FOXM1-RHNO1 bidirectional promoter. We analyzed copy number, mRNA and protein expression datasets in TCGA HGSC and additional TCGA cancers. We measured FOXM1 and RHNO1 expression in HGSC cell lines and primary HGSC tissues. We overexpressed FOXM1 in human immortalized fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells to determine its contribution to replication stress. We used RHNO1 knockdown to dissect its functional contribution to ATR-CHK1 signaling in HGSC cells. RESULTS: FOXM1 and RHNO1 were co-amplified in ~12% of HGSC and their mRNA expressions were highly correlated. The FOXM1-RHNO1 bidirectional promoter showed similar activity in each direction in HGSC cells, and correlated with mRNA expression. Analysis of TCGA HGSC data revealed that FOXM1 associates with markers of DNA replication and CHK1-Ser345 phosphorylation, a canonical marker of replication stress. FOXM1 overexpression in immortalized FTE cells induced CHK1-Ser345 phosphorylation. RHNO1 knockdown attenuated CHK1-Ser345 phosphorylation in response to replication stress, and, importantly, reduced clonogenic growth in FOXM1 overexpressing HGSC cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveal that FOXM1 and RHNO1 share a bidirectional promoter resulting in their frequent co-expression. FOXM1 induces replication stress whereas RHNO1 is necessary for efficient ATR-CHK1 signaling. We hypothesize that balanced FOXM1 and RHNO1 expression promotes HGSC development and progression. Ongoing studies are characterizing the impact of FOXM1 and RHNO1 on replication stress and genomic instability. Finally, our findings suggest ATR-CHK1 signaling as a potential therapeutic vulnerability in FOXM1 activated HGSC. Citation Format: Carter J Barger, Linda Chee, Ronny Drapkin, Kunle Odunsi, Adam R. Karpf. FOXM1 INDUCED REPLICATION STRESS IS MITIGATED BY ITS BIDIRECTIONAL GENE PARTNER, RHNO1, IN HIGH GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCER [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr MIP-044.
Learning-based traffic signal control algorithms with neighborhood information sharing: An application for sustainable mobility

This research applies R-Markov Average Reward Technique based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, namely RMART, for vehicular signal control problem leveraging information sharing among signal c...
Macrophagic “Crown-like Structures” Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Breast Cancer in Benign Breast Disease

In breast adipose tissue, macrophages that encircle damaged adipocytes form "crown-like structures of breast" (CLS-B). Although CLS-B have been associated with breast cancer, their role in benign breast disease (BBD) and early carcinogenesis is not understood. We evaluated breast biopsies from three age-matched groups (n = 86 each, mean age 55 years), including normal tissue donors of the Susan G. Komen for the Cure Tissue Bank (KTB), and subjects in the Mayo Clinic Benign Breast Disease Cohort who developed cancer (BBD cases) or did not develop cancer (BBD controls, median follow-up 14 years). Biopsies were classified into histologic categories, and CD68-immunostained tissue sections were evaluated for the frequency and density of CLS-B. Our data demonstrate that CLS-B are associated with BBD: CLS-B-positive samples were significantly less frequent among KTB biopsies (3/86, 3.5%) than BBD controls (16/86 = 18.6%, P = 0.01) and BBD cases (21/86 = 24%, P = 0.002). CLS-B were strongly associated with body mass index (BMI); BMI 5 CLS-B/sample: 10.5% (BBD cases) vs 4.7% (BBD controls), P = 0.007] conferred a breast cancer OR of 6.8 (95% CI, 1.4-32.4), P = 0.02, after adjusting for adipose tissue area (cm2), histologic impression, and BMI. As high CLS-B densities are independently associated with an increased breast cancer risk, they may be a promising histologic marker of breast cancer risk in BBD. Cancer Prev Res; 11(2); 113-9. ©2017 AACR.
Infrared Plasmonic Resonators Based on Self-Assembled Core–Shell Particles

Infrared resonators emerge as key elements of infrared optical devices demanded for widespread applications. Traditional resonators based solely on noble metals suffer from considerable ohmic losses, limited tunability, and low excitation efficiency of surface plasmons in the infrared region, while the alternatives made of high-refractive-index dielectrics encounter fabrication challenges and relatively weak optical coupling. This work presents the experimental demonstration of self-assembled plasmonic core–shell particle clusters exhibiting pronounced and spectrally tunable resonances at infrared, especially mid-infrared, wavelengths. It is shown that the reflection spectra of individual clusters are unique, which are determined by the number and configuration of the constituent particles. Simulation results confirm the measured data and further reveal the origin of the spectral features. These findings pave a new way for the development of complex resonators operating in the infrared region, leading to ...
The Economics of Spam: Externalities, Market Institutions, and Strategic Games

Spam, or unsolicited email advertising, has been the scourge of email inboxes for nearly twenty years. Spam attempts to generate attention for a merchant’s products or services, but unlike most forms of advertising, spam does not provide users with valuable entertainment or other services in exchange for their limited attention resources. The uncompensated nature of spam makes it an excellent teaching example of a negative externality. We document the history of the market for spam, paying special attention to the strategic arms race between spammers and anti-spam technologists, and how this battle has shaped various market institutions, from ”botnets” to international labor markets for breaking computer security. For example, economies of scale in spam prevention have contributed to the concentration of email provision among several players. Taking advantage of recent empirical research by computer scientists, we estimate that society loses $100 for every $1 of profit to a spammer. This ”externality ratio” is at least 100 times higher than that of automobile pollution and is three times higher than the notoriously inefficient activity of automobile theft. We conclude with a discussion of economic and legal policies proposed to reduce the inefficiencies of spam.
Primary Hodgkin's granuloma of the sigmoid flexure. Report of a case.

A case of Hodgkin’s granuloma of the colon is presented and the importance of distinguishing it from Hodgkin’s sarcoma is emphasized. The types of therapy which are now approved include surgery and irradiation, or chemotherapy, or both. It is hoped that meaningful conclusions concerning the results of present therapy will improve as additional cases of Hodgkin’s disease of the colon are encountered.
Thermal transitions in semi-crystalline polymer thin films studied via spectral reflectance

Abstract Herein we report the finding that spectral reflectance (SR) can be used to identify thermal transitions in semi-crystalline polymer thin films. By studying film thickness as a function of temperature, we found that semi-crystalline polymers exhibit characteristic expansion and contraction profiles during the melting (Tm) and crystallization (Tc) transitions, respectively. Prior to this discovery, studies on the crystalline Tm in thin films have involved more expensive and complex techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). We correlate Tm and Tc as measured by SR with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the bulk and temperature-controlled GIWAXS or AFM in thin films. We show that SR is accurate for measuring changes in films with thicknesses of 500 nm down to 21 nm and for detecting melting point depression due to thin film confinement. Thus, we demonstrate that SR is a powerful tool for measuring thermal transitions in semi-crystalline polymer films with single-degree resolution.
A Sixteen-year Decline in Dissolved Oxygen in the Central California Current.

A potential consequence of climate change is global decrease in dissolved oxygen at depth in the oceans due to changes in the balance of ventilation, mixing, respiration, and photosynthesis. We present hydrographic cruise observations of declining dissolved oxygen collected along CalCOFI Line 66.7 (Line 67) off of Monterey Bay, in the Central California Current region, and investigate likely mechanisms. Between 1998 and 2013, dissolved oxygen decreased at the mean rate of 1.92 µmol kg−1 year−1 on σθ 26.6–26.8 kg m−3 isopycnals (250–400 m), translating to a 40% decline from initial concentrations. Two cores of elevated dissolved oxygen decline at 130 and 240 km from shore, which we suggest are a California Undercurrent and a California Current signal respectively, occurred on σθ ranges of 26.0–26.8 kg m−3 (100–400 m). A box model suggests that small annual changes in dissolved oxygen in source regions are sufficient to be the primary driver of the mid-depth declines. Variation in dissolved oxygen at the bottom of the surface mixed layer suggests that there is also a signal of increased local remineralization.
SpaRClus: Spatial relationship pattern-based hierarchical clustering

For the past decade, the need of multimedia mining has increased tremendously, especially in image data due to inexpensive digital technologies and fast mounting of image data. In this paper, we, first, show an algorithm, SpIBag (Spatial Item Bag Mining), which discovers frequent spatial patterns in images. Due to the properties of image data, SpIBag considers a bag of items together with a spatial information as a pattern which persists over geometrical transformations, such as scaling, translation, and rotation. Then, based on SpIBag, we propose SpaRClus (Spatial Relationship Pattern-Based Hierarchical Clustering) to cluster image data. Our performance study shows that the method is effective and efficient.
Directly modulated quantum dot lasers on silicon with a milliampere threshold and high temperature stability

Microring lasers feature ultralow thresholds and inherent wavelength-division multiplexing functionalities, offering an attractive approach to miniaturizing photonics in a compact area. Here, we present static and dynamic properties of microring quantum dot lasers grown directly on exact (001) GaP/Si. Effectively, a single-mode operation was observed at 1.3 μm with modes at spectrally distant locations. High temperature stability with T0∼103 K has been achieved with a low threshold of 3 mA for microrings with an outer ring radius of 15 μm and a ring waveguide width of 4 μm. Small signal modulation responses were measured for the first time for the microrings directly grown on silicon, and a 3 dB bandwidth of 6.5 GHz was achieved for a larger ring with an outer ring radius of 50 μm and a ring waveguide width of 4 μm. The directly modulated microring laser, monolithically integrated on a silicon substrate, can incur minimal real estate cost while offering full photonic functionality.
Basic Equations and Solution Procedure

The finite element method is used in the field of solid and structural mechanics. Various types of problems solved by the finite element method in this field include the elastic, elastoplastic, and viscoelastic analysis of trusses, frames, plates, shells, and solid bodies. This chapter presents general equations of solid and structural mechanics and their derivation and solution. The primary aim of any stress analysis or solid mechanics problem is to find the distribution of displacements and stresses under the stated loading and boundary conditions. If an analytical solution of the problem is to be found, one has to satisfy the basic equations of solid mechanics. The number of unknown quantities is equal to the number of equations available. The finite element equations can also be derived by using either a differential equation formulation method (for example, Galerkin approach) or variational formulation method (for example, Rayleigh-Ritz approach). In the case of solid and structural mechanics problems, each of the differential equation and variational formulation methods is classified into three categories, which are displacement, force, and displacement-force method. The chapter describes the displacement method (or equivalently the principle of minimum potential energy) for deriving the finite element equations. Variational formulation methods are based on the principle of minimum potential energy, principle of minimum complementary energy, and the principle of stationary Reissner Energy.
A Collaborative Approach to Digital Storytelling Projects

This chapter reports on an ethnographic study of digital storytelling activities in a semi-structured afterschool program, the Fifth Dimension. Focus is placed on understanding the collaborative production of digital stories, an already well-regarded form of programming for youth. Traditionally, digital stories are developed by authors working independently yet, when produced collaboratively, digital stories allow different subgroups with diverse goals for participation to shape the trajectory of activity and imagining. Findings suggest that digital stories are flexible enough to be interpreted and shaped by diverse, multi-age participants yet robust enough to support learning and sustained participation.
Fatty Acid Effects on Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Function in Vitro

When heart muscle is rendered ischemic or hypoxic, changes in lipid and phospholipid metabolism result in the accumulation of amphiphilic compounds, including non-esterified fatty acids (FA), fatty acylcarnitine esters, and lysophosphatides (1–5). These amphiphilic substances, possibly by interacting with membrane lipids, can alter the functional properties of a variety of membrane systems in vitro; and this interaction has been postulated as a possible mechanism for ischemic heart muscle dysfunction in vivo. (See references 6–8 for reviews). The mechanism by which amphiphiles alter membrane function in vitro, however, remains unclear. The calcium sequestration properties and ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane vesicles (SR) isolated from skeletal muscle are modified by both non-esterified fatty acids and acylcarnitines (9–11). The present report describes studies examining the effect of oleic and palmitic acids on the properties of calcium sequestration and ATPase activity of SR in order to elucidate the mechanisms by which structurally dissimilar fatty acids can alter differently SR calcium sequestration.
Sequential boost versus integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy for locally-advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC).

6070Background: Despite IMRT technological advances, toxicity in LAHNC pts remains extreme. Different IMRT techniques have been developed, including sequential boost (SeqB) and simultaneous integra...
Fracture Toughness of Plain and Welded 3-In.-Thick Aluminum Alloy Plate

The plane-strain fracture toughness, K I c , of 3-in. 5083-H321, 5086-H32, 6061-T651, and 7005-T6351 plate and welds in the 5083, 6061, and 7005 plate have been evaluated in tests carried out in accordance with ASTM Test for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials (E 399-72). Valid values of K I c could be obtained only for the 7005-T6351 plate in all orientations. Both 5083-H321 and 5086-H32 are so tough that even 3-in.-thick specimens did not provide adequate restraint to permit valid measurements of K I c , and in most tests of 6061-T651 there was excessive plasticity masking a K I c measurement. From criteria that consider the load-carrying capability of the precracked fracture-toughness specimen and the yield strength, the alloys and tempers rate in the following order: 5086-H32 (toughest) 5083-H321 7005-T6351 6061-T651 However, the 7005-T6351 appears to provide the best combination of strength and toughness. Valid values of K I c could not be obtained for most welds, primarily because of their very high toughness, and because of the problem in precracking resulting from the residual stresses from welding. Overall comparisons indicate that (a) welds of the recommended filler alloys are as tough as or tougher than the parent material, and (b) 5039 and 5356 welds are generally tougher than 4043 welds, either as-welded or heat-treated and aged after welding.
Multiphase GaN Class-D Resonant Amplifier for High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound

Focused ultrasound treats tissue deep in the body without damaging surrounding structures. Driven by large-amplitude RF electrical signals, ultrasonic transducers can generate large pressure acoustic wave. Wide-bandgap semiconductors, e.g., Gallium Nitride (GaN), greatly simplify the design and reduce the requisite size and weight of RF amplifiers, and so improves the portability of focused ultrasound device. Here, we demonstrate a compact 8-phase 5 MHz Class-D resonant amplifier for a focused ultrasound cancer therapy application.
Prescription Stimulants: From Cognitive Enhancement to Misuse.

The nonmedical use of prescription stimulants has become increasingly pervasive among transitional age youth (TAY), aged 16 years to 26 years. Although therapeutically administered stimulants are regarded as safe and effective in TAY with attention-deficit/hyperactivity syndrome (ADHD), stimulant misuse is of concern due to prevalence, behavioral health and substance use correlates, and negative short-term and long-term outcomes. Although academic motivations primarily drive misuse, it is unclear whether prescription ADHD stimulants enhance cognition. Providers are advised to exercise precautions when prescribing ADHD medications, enhance surveillance for misuse, and screen those with misuse for ADHD and other psychopathology, executive dysfunction, and substance use disorders.
Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Biopsy of First 1000 Consecutive Thyroid Nodules: Single-Surgeon Experience:

ObjectiveTo study the feasibility, safety, and learning curve of ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (USGFNB) performed by a newly trained otolaryngologist in a community office in a setting.Study...
Utilizing vapor swelling of surface-initiated polymer brushes to develop quantitative measurements of brush thermodynamics and grafting density

Abstract The stimuli-responsive behavior of densely grafted polymer brushes makes them attractive for designing tunable coatings and thin film sensors, provided physical properties and thermodynamics of the brush are well characterized. This work investigates the swelling of highly extended poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer brushes in solvent vapors. All brushes have identical grafting density, but differing degrees of polymerization. Brushes were equilibrated in various saturated vapors, then characterized by X-ray reflectivity to measure thickness and scattering length density. One dimensional swelling normal to the surface is observed for all brush–solvent pairs; brushes swollen in good solvents generally exhibit decreasing polymer density along the thickness direction of the brush, while poor solvents swell the brush with minimal changes in the bulk brush density profiles relative to the dry state. Comparison of changes in brush height and film density upon swelling to existing mean-field models indicate that vapor solvation thermodynamics of polymer brush thin films is not explained by existing theory.
The NAB2 corepressor targets the NuRD chromatin remodeling complex to EGR1 target genes in prostate

1611 The goal of these studies is to determine how loss of the NGF1-A binding protein (NAB2) corepressor in prostate cancer affects gene regulation and chromatin structure of Early Growth Response (EGR1) target genes. EGR1 is a transcription factor that is overexpressed in prostate cancer and progression of prostate cancer in mouse models is severely compromised in the absence of EGR1. NAB corepressors directly interact with EGR1 and are important regulators of EGR1 activity. Interestingly, while EGR1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer, NAB2 expression is low or absent in majority of prostate cancer samples. The role of EGR1 in prostate cancer progression is complex as it regulates both pro-proliferative genes, as well as genes involved in apoptotic/senescence pathways. Our analysis indicates that loss of NAB2 expression alters the balance of EGR1 target genes in favor of activation of genes involved in growth promotion. Moreover, we have recently shown that NAB2 represses EGR target genes through its association with Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 4 (CHD4), which is a component of the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex. The NuRD complex is one of the major histone deacetylase (HDAC)-containing complexes in the nucleus and also incorporates Metastasis-Associated Factor 1/2 (MTA1/2) as integral components. Using microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, we have identified NAB-regulated target genes in prostate cell lines and demonstrated that EGR1, NAB2 and subunits of the NuRD complex are directly recruited to several target promoters. Many of the same genes are also derepressed by exposure to histone deacetylase inhibitors, indicating that the HDAC subunits of the NuRD complex play an important role in NAB regulation. Overall, these data indicate that loss of NAB2 results in failure to target the repressive NuRD complex to specific EGR1 target genes in prostate cancer cells.
Metabolic Syndrome: does this influence breast cancer outcomes in the triple-negative population?

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined by having at least 3 of 4 components: obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension (HTN), and diabetes. Prior studies analyzed the individual components of MS for all breast cancers which are predominantly hormone positive. Our study is the first to evaluate MS in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). A retrospective review of TNBC from 2007 to 2013 identified 177 patients with complete information for statistical analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the association between MS, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). 48 (27%) patients had MS. After controlling for age, race, pathologic stage, surgery type, and additional comorbidities outside of MS, MS was significantly associated with poorer DFS (adjusted HR: 2.24, p = 0.030), but not associated with OS (adjusted HR: 1.92, p = 0.103). HTN was significantly associated with poorer DFS (adjusted HR: 3.63, p = 0.006) and OS (adjusted HR: 3.45, p = 0.035) in the univariable and multivariable analyses. Diabetes was not associated with worse OS or DFS. The 5-year age-adjusted OS rates for 60-year-old patients with and without diabetes were 85.8% and 87.3%, respectively. The age-adjusted 5-year OS rate for 60-year old patients was higher in patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 (90.2%) versus BMIs of 25–29.9 (88.2%) or < 25 (83.5%). In the TNBC population, MS was significantly associated with poorer DFS, but not associated with OS. HTN was the only component of MS that was significantly associated with both DFS and OS. Obesity has a potential small protective benefit in the TNBC population.
Remodeling Alzheimer-amyloidosis models by seeding.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, with brain pathology defined by extracellular amyloid beta deposits and intracellular tau aggregates. To aid in research efforts to improve understanding of this disease, transgenic murine models have been developed that replicate aspects of AD pathology. Familial AD is associated with mutations in the amyloid precursor protein and in the presenilins (associated with amyloidosis); transgenic amyloid models feature one or more of these mutant genes. Recent advances in seeding methods provide a means to alter the morphology of resultant amyloid deposits and the age that pathology develops. In this review, we discuss the variety of factors that influence the seeding of amyloid beta pathology, including the source of seed, the time interval after seeding, the nature of the transgenic host, and the preparation of the seeding inoculum.
Marketers' norms and personal values: An empirical study of marketing professionals

This study explores the relationships among marketers' deontological norms and their personal values. Based on the review of theoretical works in the area of marketing, hypotheses concerning the relationships among marketers' norms and their personal values were developed and tested. Data were collected from 249 marketing professionals. Results from canonical correlation analysis generally indicate that marketers' norms can be partly explained by personal values. Marketers' pricing and distribution norms, information and contract norms, and norms pertaining to marketers' honesty and integrity were significantly related to the personal values emphasizing "excitement," "warm relationships with others," "fun and enjoyment in life," and "a sense of accomplishment."
An architecture for retaining and analyzing visual explorations of databases

A software architecture is presented to integrate a database management system with data visualization. One of its primary objectives, the retention of user-data interactions, is detailed. By storing all queries over the data along with high-level descriptions of the query results and the associated visualization, the processes by which a database is explored can be analyzed. This approach can lead to important contributions in the development of user models as "data explorers", metadata models for scientific databases, intelligent assistants and data exploration services. We describe the underlying elements of this approach, specifically the visual database exploration model and the metadata objects that support the model.
Preclinical neuroprotective actions of xenon and possible implications for human therapeutics: a narrative review.

The purpose of this report is to facilitate an understanding of the possible application of xenon for neuroprotection in critical care settings. This narrative review appraises the literature assessing the efficacy and safety of xenon in preclinical models of acute ongoing neurologic injury. Databases of the published literature (MEDLINE® and EMBASE™) were appraised for peer-reviewed manuscripts addressing the use of xenon in both preclinical models and disease states of acute ongoing neurologic injury. For randomized clinical trials not yet reported, the investigators’ declarations in the National Institutes of Health clinical trials website were considered. While not a primary focus of this review, to date, xenon cannot be distinguished as superior for surgical anesthesia over existing alternatives in adults. Nevertheless, studies in a variety of preclinical disease models from multiple laboratories have consistently shown xenon’s neuroprotective properties. These properties are enhanced in settings where xenon is combined with hypothermia. Small randomized clinical trials are underway to explore xenon’s efficacy and safety in clinical settings of acute neurologic injury where hypothermia is the current standard of care. According to the evidence to date, the neuroprotective efficacy of xenon in preclinical models and its safety in clinical anesthesia set the stage for the launch of randomized clinical trials to determine whether these encouraging neuroprotective findings can be translated into clinical utility.
In Vitro Study of the Variable Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Voriconazole

Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent used for the treatment of severe fungal infections. Maintaining therapeutic concentrations of 1 to 5.5 μg/ml is currently recommended to maximize the exposure-response relationship of voriconazole. However, this is challenging, given the highly variable pharmacokinetics of the drug, which includes metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isotypes CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, through which common metabolic pathways for many medications take place and which are also expressed in different isoforms with various metabolic efficacies. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are also metabolized through these enzymes, making them competitive inhibitors of voriconazole metabolism, and coadministration with voriconazole has been reported to increase total voriconazole exposure. We examined the effects of five PPIs (rabeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, and esomeprazole) on voriconazole concentrations using four sets of human liver microsomes (HLMs) of different CYP450 phenotypes. Overall, the use of voriconazole in combination with any PPI led to a significantly higher voriconazole yield compared to that achieved with voriconazole alone in both pooled HLMs (77% versus 59%; P < 0.001) and individual HLMs (86% versus 76%; P < 0.001). The mean percent change in the voriconazole yield from that at the baseline after PPI exposure in pooled microsomes ranged from 22% with pantoprazole to 51% with esomeprazole. Future studies are warranted to confirm whether and how the deliberate coadministration of voriconazole and PPIs can be used to boost voriconazole levels in patients with difficult-to-treat fungal infections.
On the essential dimension of a finite group

Let f(x) = Σaixi be a monic polynomial of degree n whosecoefficients are algebraically independent variables over a base field k of characteristic 0. We say that a polynomial g(x) isgenerating (for the symmetric group) if it can be obtained from f(x) by a nondegenerate Tschirnhaus transformation. We show that the minimal number dk(n) of algebraically independent coefficients of such a polynomial is at least [n/2]. This generalizes a classical theorem of Felix Klein on quintic polynomials and is related to an algebraic form of Hilbert‘s 13th problem.
PERFECTIONISM, PERSPECTIVE TAKING, AND SOCIAL CONNECTION IN ADOLESCENTS

Although studies examining multidimensional perfectionism among adolescents have increased over the past two decades, most continue to focus on psychological outcomes such as anxiety or depression. The purpose of this study was to examine two social outcomes that may differ among perfectionistic subtypes: social perspective taking (i.e., the ability to judge a situation from the perspective of another person) and social agency (i.e., the motivation to connect with others). Latent profile analysis was used to classify more than 700 high school adolescents into adaptive perfectionists (high standards, low self-criticism), maladaptive perfectionists (high standards, high self-criticism), and nonperfectionists (comparatively low standards). Results revealed significant mean score differences with respect to social perspective taking, with higher scores among both adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists than nonperfectionists. No mean score differences were found with respect to social agency. Implications of these findings, as well suggestions for future research, conclude the article.
Strict convexity of some subsets of Hankel operators

We find some extreme points in the unit ball of the set of Hankel operators and show that the unit ball of the set of compact Hankel operators is strictly convex. We use this result to show that the collection of N x N lower triangular Toeplitz contractions is strictly convex. We also find some extreme points in certain reduced Cowen sets and discuss cases in which they are or are not strictly convex.
Underrecognition of dementia by caregivers cuts across cultures.

To the Editor. —The article by Dr Ross and colleagues 1 provides much-needed empirical evidence on the frequency with which family informants fail to recognize cognitive impairment among men later found to have a dementing disorder. Based on their findings, Ross et al 1 make a case for public health education aimed at increasing awareness of the early signs of dementia and the value of timely evaluation. Early recognition of dementia, as Ross et al 1 note, offers many potential benefits: prompt treatment of reversible causes of dementia and increased time to address safety needs and make financial arrangements and other plans. Ross and colleagues 1 are to be commended for their important work. We strongly endorse their call for a focused educational effort and, in that context, wish to direct attention to the recently published Clinical Practice Guideline Number 19 (CPG19) on recognition and initial assessment of Alzheimer disease and related dementias.