cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An ultrastructural study of the leukocytes of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.

Ultrastructural studies on blood leukocytes of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, show the presence of heterophils (neutrophils), small lymphocytes, monocytes, and thrombocytes. Monocytes cannot always be distinguished from large lymphocytes. Cells resembling macrophages or transitional forms between monocytes and macrophages are occasionally seen. Blood eosinophils and basophils are not found. Thrombocytes and small lymphocytes are the most abundant leukocytes, while monocytes are the least frequently encountered leukocyte. Glycogen, present in all leukocytes, is most abundant in heterophils and least abundant in monocytes. Although monocytes are similar to heterophils in size and shape, a greater amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, and fewer granules are observed in monocytes. Heterophils possess oval or elongate granules, which often contain a crystalline or striated structure; small tubules which resemble smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and cristae which traverse the long axes of the mitochondria are frequently seen. Small lymphocytes are characterized by the presence of pseudopodia, many free ribosomes, numerous large mitochondria, dictyosomes (Golgi), and long profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The dictyosomes are often associated with a large zone of exclusion. Bundles of microtubules are observed near the elongated ends of thrombocytes. Deep indentations of the plasmalemma, which give the appearance of vacuoles, are also seen in thrombocytes.
An analysis of mentoring conversations with beginning teachers: suggestions and responses

Abstract This study analyzes how mentor teachers make pedagogical suggestions to beginning teachers during mentoring conversations and how beginning teachers respond. Sixty-four conversations between 16 veteran teacher mentors and their beginning teacher proteges are examined and analyzed. The analysis reveals the extreme efforts of mentors to avoid giving direct advice, and a corpus that includes many indirect suggestions, about one-third of which produce elaborated responses from the novice teachers. It is suggested that the observed conversational patterns may be largely explained by the philosophy of the program (based on the Cognitive Coaching model) of which the mentors and beginning teachers are a part.
Random and cooperative sequential adsorption on infinite ladders and strips

We analyze various processes where particles are added irreversibly and sequentially at the sites of infinite ladders or broader strips (i.e., on terraces) of adsorption sites. For “sufficiently narrow” strips or ladders, exact solution in closed form is possible for a variety of processes. Often this is most naturally achieved by mapping the process onto an equivalent one-dimensional process typically involvingcompetitive adsorption. We demonstrate this procedure for sequential adsorption with nearest-neighbor exclusion on a 2×∞ square ladder. For other select processes on strips “slightly too broad” for exact solution, “almost exact” analysis is possible exploiting an empty-site shielding property. In this way, we determine a jamming coverage of 0.91556671 for random sequential adsorption of dimers on a 2×∞ square ladder. For “broader” strips, we note that the complexity of these problems quickly approaches that for ∞×∞ lattices.
Theory of enhanced high temperature cyclic creep in polycrystalline material

Abstract A theory of high temperature cyclic stress creep rate enhancement is developed that is based on the mechanism of the athermal generation of self-interstitial atoms. It is first shown that interstitial atoms cannot be generated athermally at a fast enough rate to affect the creep rate under a constant stress. Under cyclic stressing it may be possible for athermally-generated interstitial atoms to produce an enhanced creep rate. The effect can only be important in the high temperature region from about one-third to one-half the melting temperature of the material and then only for fine-grained material that deforms in double or multiple slip. The predicted effect is larger the higher is the frequency of the cyclic stress. This creep enhancement effect should be taken into account in the design and material selection of the first-wall material of fusion reactors that operate in pulsed modes, such as reactors using lasers.
SOX17 directly activates Zfp202 transcription during in vitro endoderm differentiation

SOX17 is a SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box transcription factor that is necessary for endoderm formation in multiple species. Despite its essential function during endoderm formation and ...
Experiences in Management and Organizational Behavior

This article presents a review of the book “Experiences in Management and Organizational Behavior,” by Douglas T. Hall, Donald D. Bowen, Roy J. Lewicki and Francine S. Hall.
Emergent Properties of Balinese Water Temple Networks: Coadaptation on a Rugged Fitness Landscape

For over a thousand years, generations of Balinese farmers have gradually transformed the landscape of their island, clearing forests, digging irrigation canals, and terracing hillsides to enable themselves and their descendants to grow irrigated rice. Paralleling the physical system of terraces and irrigation works, the Balinese have also constructed intricate networks ofshrines and temples dedicated to agricultural deities. Ecological modeling shows that water temple networks can have macroscopic effects on the topography of the adaptive landscape, and may be representative of a class of complex adaptive systems that have evolved to manage agroecosystems. N 1984, ERIC ALDEN SMITH PUBLISHED a devastating critique of the uses ofsystems ecology and simulation modeling in anthropology. While this article is in part a defense of these methods, we do not take issue with any of Smith's conclusions. Instead, we hope to demonstrate that systems models can serve a different heuristic purpose than the naive functionalist, energy-maximization or group-selection models skillfully demolished by Smith. In particular, we hope to show that simulation models are uniquely appropriate for addressing the issues of adaptation and determinism in the development of complex social systems like the water temples of Bali. But before we turn to the uses of simulation models, it may be useful to sketch out how our approach differs from those criticized by Smith. Although simulation models have always been a rarity in anthropology, they continue to be used extensively in biology as a tool to investigate complex interactive processes. For example, we recently served on the doctoral committee of a graduate student who was interested in the growth of algae in Antarctic sea ice, a major source of fixed carbon in the Antarctic Ocean. The student built a model to study the interactive effects of processes thought to influence the growth of the algae, such as temperature, nutrient flow, and available sunlight. The result was a system of differential equations that predicted, on purely theoretical grounds, variations in the growth of algae depending on the relationships among these causal factors. The model's predictions were then compared with observations, helping the student fine-tune his understanding of the mechanistic processes that drive the growth of the algae (Arrigo 1991). However, an obvious problem in extending this kind of analysis from biology to an
PREVENTION AND THE CLINICAL ENCOUNTER

Development of an intervention to prevent depression in children of parents with severe affective disorder is described, along with the risk and resilience factors incorporated from prospective longitudinal studies of parents and children at risk. Strategies helpful in bridging the gap between clinical practice and prevention are discussed, and the differences in orientation necessary to include prevention in clinical practice are explored.
Modeling of three-level laser superfluorescent fiber sources

A large signal model of three-level superfluorescent sources (SFS''s) is presented. It is found that due to the ground state signal absorption present in three-level systems theoretical backward signal quantum efficiencies well in excess of the limit of 0. 5 exhibited by four-level systems can be achieved. Feedback is also studied and it is shown that when used in high feedback applications SFS ''s may require the use of an optical isolator.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Detailed kinetic models in the context of reactor analysis : Linking mechanistic and process chemistry

Detailed kinetic models for the modeling of complex chemistries, including thermal cracking, catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking, and hydroprocessing, offer the compelling advantage chemical significance at the mechanistic level. They carry a considerable burden, however, in terms of species, reactions, and associated rate parameters. This, together with the batch and the plug flow reactor balances, requires solution of a large system of either stiff ordinary differential equations (ODE) or stiff differential algebraic equations (DAE), for both homogeneous and heterogeneous processes. It is often faster numerically to solve a stiff system of ODEs and, thus, it can be useful to convert a system of DAEs to ODEs for numerical solution schemes. For heterogeneous PFR systems, the reactor steady-state balances result in a set of DAEs, and it would therefore be desirable to construct the associated set of ODEs to minimize CPU demand. To this end, we propose that such a transformation can be achieved by makin...
Comparison of Spectral Properties of Phytochromes from Different Preparations

The spectral parameters of phytochrome in vitro described in several recent studies have been determined in purer and less degraded phytochrome samples than those used by Butler, Hendricks and Siegelman more than 20 years ago. There are considerable differences between the old and the new data. It seems logical that the researchers interested in phytochrome-mediated photomorphogenesis should use the new data for `native9 phytochrome instead of the old ones, still in common use. A comparison of the spectral properties of phytochrome described in old and recent studies show that the differences among the `new9 data are as large or larger, depending on the particular parameter and wavelength region considered, than the differences between `old9 and `new9 data. Therefore, if one should decide to use the new data instead of the old ones, one must also decide which set of new data should be used. The latter is a difficult choice. No matter what the choice, it should be open to revision in the future, the limitations associated with the choice should be noted, and the use of any set of spectral parameters of phytochrome should be made with extreme caution.
A Physically-Based Transformation of Thematic Mapper Data---The TM Tasseled Cap

In an extension of previous simulation studies, a transformation of actual TM data in the six reflective bands is described which achieves three objectives: a fundamental view of TM data structures is presented, the vast majority of data variability is concentrated in a few (three) features, and the defined features can be directly associated with physical scene characteristics. The underlying TM data structure, based on three TM scenes as well as simulated data, is described, as are the general spectral characteristics of agricultural crops and other scene classes in the transformed data space.
Meshless evaluation of domain integrals for solving electromagnetic integral equations

Solving electromagnetic (EM) integral equations by numerical methods strongly relies on the domain discretization or the use of meshes. Mesh generation is a tedious task, especially for complex structures with many details, and remeshing could be encountered in many situations. Meshless schemes are very desirable to lower the meshing or remeshing costs and they have been widely studied in mechanical engineering. However, these methods have not received attention in EM community and only very limited publications can be found. In this work, we first apply the traditional meshless methods in mechanical engineering to solve EM surface integral equations (SIEs) based on the moving least square (MLS) approximation for unknown functions and the use of background meshes in domain integrals. Then we develop a novel meshless scheme for evaluating domain integrals, yielding a truly meshless method. The scheme transforms a surface domain integral into a line integral along its boundary by applying the Green's lemma, so one only needs to discretize the boundary with much ease. Numerical examples for EM scattering by flat-surface objects are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the scheme.
Convergent thalamic and mesencephalic projections to the anterior medial cortex in the rat.

Small microelectrophoretic deposits of horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) were placed at various loci within the gray matter of the rat's anterior medial cortex. A comparison of the patterns of retrograde cell-labeling charted in 26 such cases confirmed earlier findings in fiber-degeneration studies according to which the respective thalamocortical projections of the mediodorsal (MD) and anteromedial nucleus (AM) overlap each other over a wide region of the anterior medial cortex. This region of thalamocortical convergence, extending from pregenual levels caudalward as far as the anterior border of the retrosplenial cortex, corresponds almost exactly to the cortical region from which locally deposited HRP was found to be transported so as to label cells in one or both of two mesencephalic cell groups: the ventral tegmental area (AVT) dorsal and lateral to the interpeduncular nucleus, and the medial one-quarter of the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNC). The reported findings suggest that the corticipetal projections of AVT and SNC are organized so that AVT projects largely to the area infraradiata of the pregenual cortex which receives its major thalamocortical projection from MD, whereas SNC-efferents are distributed to the area infraradiata of the supracallosal cortex which receives most of its thalamocortical afferents from AM; the two mesencephalocortical projections do, however, appear to overlap each other in a region of the medial cortex immediately posterior to the level of the genu corporis callosi. HRP injected into the medial cortex of five rats pre-treated with 6-hydroxydopamine, a drug that produces chemical lesions of catecholamine neurons, failed to label any cells in AVT and SNC but did label numerous cells in MD and AM. This finding suggests that the ventral tegmental cells projecting to the anterior medial cortex are exclusively dopamine neurons.
Wound dehiscence or failure to heal following venous access port placement in patients receiving bevacizumab therapy.

Purpose To determine the incidence of wound dehiscence or failure to heal after port placement in patients receiving bevacizumab therapy. A hypothesis was tested that the mean interval between bevacizumab administration and port placement was shorter in patients who had dehiscence than in those who did not. Materials and Methods Medical records of all patients who had venous access ports placed from July 2006 through December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 195 ports were placed in 189 patients (106 men) who were treated with bevacizumab within 120 days of port placement. The incidence of wound dehiscence and the significance of dose timing relative to port placement in these patients were calculated. Results Six of 195 ports (3.1%) were associated with wound dehiscence requiring port removal. The mean interval between bevacizumab dosing and port placement in patients without dehiscence ( n = 189) was 16.9 days. The mean interval in patients with dehiscence ( n = 6) was 10.8 days. A two-tailed Wilcoxon test was performed, which yielded a P value of .0150. A statistically significant difference in the mean interval between bevacizumab dosing and port placement exists between patients with dehiscence and those without. Conclusions Wound dehiscence after port placement was related to timing of bevacizumab therapy. Patients receiving bevacizumab within 10 days of port placement had a higher incidence of wound dehiscence.
Is it worth the effort to create a learning healthcare delivery system

Abstract Background US health care is fragmented by a lack of uniform effective care and a fee-for-service payment system. Fee-for-service is a factor in the high cost of health care in the US, and pay-for-performance systems may be a more manageable method for payment to control costs and manage quality. Payment systems Pay-for-performance would mean that payments are no longer made on a case-by-case basis, but in ‘global payments' to overseeing bodies known as accountable care organizations (ACOs). Accountable Care If concepts such as the arrangement of ACOs work under the Affordable Care Act, then there is hope that national levels for the uninsured will mimic the improvements in Massachusetts in the past decade. ACOs are the next step under reform, but where are we really headed? Historically, difficult economic times have resulted in pooling of health services to develop integrated delivery systems such as the Mayo Clinic and Kaiser Permanente. Integrated delivery systems streamline care by better directing the care of the patient through an autonomous system rather than through costly, fragmented and often unnecessary care. These systems learn from their strengths and weaknesses, and improve access of patients to the proper modalities of care on a timely basis. The US has an excellent opportunity to achieve expanded health coverage and reform of the delivery system in this manner. Conclusions Ultimately, ACOs are capable of starting America down a path towards universal health care by shaping organizations of providers, but time will present a greater picture of whether the US can adopt this framework.
Nitric Oxide-Releasing Xerogels Synthesized from N-Diazeniumdiolate-Modified Silane Precursors

Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing xerogel materials were synthesized using N-diazeniumdiolate-modified silane monomers that were subsequently co-condensed with an alkoxysilane. The NO-release characteristics were tuned by varying the aminosilane structure and concentration. The resulting materials exhibited maximum NO release totals and durations ranging from 0.45–3.2 μmol cm–2 and 20–90 h, respectively. The stability of the xerogel networks was optimized by varying the alkoxysilane backbone identity, water to silane ratio, base catalyst concentration, reaction time, and drying conditions. The response of glucose biosensors prepared using the NO-releasing xerogel (15 mol % N-diazeniumdiolate-modified N-2-(aminoethyl)-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane) as an outer sensor membrane was linear (R2 = 0.979) up to 24 mM glucose. The sensitivity (3.4 nA mM–1) of the device to glucose was maintained for 7 days in phosphate buffered saline. The facile sol–gel synthetic route, along with the NO release and glucose biosensor ch...
Immunochemical characterization of type IV procollagen from anterior lens capsule.

Abstract Basement membrane collagen from bovine anterior lens capsules (ALC) was isolated by a non-degradative procedure and characterized. The material was obtained by extracting the ALC with 0.5 {scm} acetic acid, passing the extract through a DEAE-cellulose column, collecting and concentrating the unbound fraction. Amino acid and carbohydrate analysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and rotary shadowing electron microscopy showed the purified extract to have the characteristics of basement membrane procollagen. Examination by rotary shadowing revealed the material to consist of type IV procollagen-like tetramers in various degrees of aggregation. When this purified procollagen was injected into rabbits, antibody of high titer and specificity was obtained. The competitive ELISA was then used to demonstrate lack of reactivity of the antibody with collagen types I, II, III and V and fibronectin. The electroimmunoblot technique was used to demonstrate lack of reactivity with laminin. Competition with collagenase resistant fragments of type IV procollagen representing the carboxyl terminal domain (NCI) and the 7-S domain, as well as with a pepsin-resistant α1(IV)125K chain was markedly weaker as compared to the native type IV procollagen molecule.
A low-cost, high-fidelity FM wireless precordial radiostethoscope for continuous monitoring of heart and breath sounds.

We constructed and tested an inexpensive (less than S50) FM wireless, acoustically shielded, precordial radiostethoscope that enables the anesthetist to follow the heart tones and breath sounds of the patient regardless of the anesthetist’s location in the operating room. We compared our acoustically shielded device with a similar, but acoustically unshielded, commercially available device. We found the sound quality of our radiostethoscope to be superior to that of the commercial device; the signal-to-noise ratio of our device was 7.6 for heart tones and 8.4 for breath sounds, whereas the commercial device had a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.7 and 3.9 for heart tones and breath sounds, respectively. Our device offers all of the advantages of a radiostethoscope and has the added advantages of low cost and high fidelity.
Two-dimensional chemical-shift anisotropy correlation spectroscopy. Measurements in complex single crystals

Abstract The 2D chemical-shift anisotropy correlation technique is applied to the measurement of tensors in a complex solid. It is shown how four 45° flip spectra at 45° intervals completely determine the single crystal rotation pattern when rotating the sample about an axis perpendicular to the magnetic field. Chemical-shift principal values for the nine inequivalent carbons in solid 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene measured by both 1D and 2D techniques are reported and compared.
Fatty metamorphosis of the liver in malignant neoplasia. Special reference to carcinoma of the breast.

Fatty metamorphosis of the liver was found in an unusually large number of percutaneous needle liver biopsies in patients having mammary carcinoma with suspected metastases; this prompted a study of this abnormality in patients with cancer in general. The autopsy records of 1744 patients and percutaneous liver biopsy reports of 489 patients with malignant neoplasia were reviewed. Fatty metamorphosis was found in 66 (2.8%) of autopsies and 36 (7.3%) of liver biopsies. In cancer of the breast the incidence of fatty metamorphosis on biopsy (21.0%) exceeded that for all other cancers combined or for any other single tumor type, while at autopsy the frequency (5.9%) exceeded that of all other cancers (3.5%). In both autopsy and biopsy series there was a fatty metamorphosis ratio of 2:1 female to male patients. Of the 14 patients having mammary cancer with fatty metamorphosis on biopsy, 11 had hepatomegaly and all but one had abnormal bromsulfalein retention. Alkaline phosphatase was elevated in four, three of whom had metastases to bone. Seven of the 14 were obese and four had been treated with chemotherapeutic agents or had undergone oophorectomy. Four were diabetic; three had received steroids or androgens; one had received estrogens and one was clinically malnourished. Rebiopsy at 24 to 44 months showed no change in three and mild fibrosis in one. There is a definite increase in fatty metamorphosis of the liver in patients with carcinoma of the breast, which may account for hepatomegaly with bromsulfalein retention in such cases and be confused with metastases to the liver. The cause for this finding is unknown.
X-irradiation of the contusion site improves locomotor and histological outcomes in spinal cord-injured rats

Abstract We have determined whether X-irradiation of the injury site can oppose tissue loss and improve recovery of locomotor function following contusion injury of the spinal cord. Contusion injury was produced in rats at the level of T10 with a weight drop device. Localized X-irradiation (20 Gy) of the injury site was performed at 20 min and 1, 2, 4, 7, and 17 days postinjury. Locomotor recovery was then determined with the 21-point Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. X-irradiation enhanced recovery of locomotor function during a subsequent 6-week observation period when administered 20 min and 1 or 2 days following contusion injury (final BBB score ∼7–8). X-irradiation at 4–17 days postinjury did not significantly affect final locomotor scores compared with unirradiated rats (final BBB score ∼2), in marked contrast to previous studies where X-irradiation applied only at 17–18 days benefitted transection injury. The extent of recovery was directly related to measurements of sparing of spinal cord tissue at the contusion center. Because the treatment time window occurred earlier in contusion than reported for transection injury, the results suggest that contusion injury rapidly initiates underlying radiation-sensitive processes that occur only following a delay of several weeks after transection injury. Further optimization of X-ray treatment may lead to a useful therapeutic modality for use in spinal cord contusion injury.
An integrated approach to facility location problems

Abstract An integrated analysis approach to facility location problems is described. The approach is based on integrating analytical location models and a multicriteria decision model.
Criteria for estimating an FIR filter for cancelling the feedback path signal in hearing aid system

Many adaptive methods use a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter to estimate and cancel the effect of acoustic feedback from the loudspeaker to the microphone in a hearing aid system. In these methods the order of the filter is assumed to be fixed and known a priori, even if the feedback path characteristics change from one environment to another. Underestimation of the order of the filter and thus, the filter itself, results in inadequate feedback cancellation, while overestimation of the filter order increases computational complexity, delay, and power consumption without significantly improving cancellation of the feedback path effect. In this paper an adaptive method using short-duration noise injection with new criteria is proposed to recursively find the FIR filter of proper order for estimating the feedback path and cancelling its effect. The proposed method requires no a priori knowledge of the acoustic feedback path or its order. Using the speech and music signals as the desired signals at the input microphone, the performance of the proposed method is analyzed and compared with those based on the convergence of Misalignment (MISA) and Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) criteria.
Related Magma–Ice Interactions: Possible Origins of Chasmata, Chaos, and Surface Materials in Xanthe, Margaritifer, and Meridiani Terrae, Mars

Abstract We examine here the close spatial and temporal associations among several unique features of Xanthe and Margaritifer Terrae, specifically the Valles Marineris troughs or chasmata and their interior deposits, chaotic terrain, the circum-Chryse outflow channels, and the subdued cratered material that covers Xanthe, Margaritifer, and Meridiani Terrae. Though previous hypotheses have attempted to explain the origin of individual features or subsets of these, we suggest that they may all be related. All of these features taken together present a consistent scenario that includes the processes of sub-ice volcanism and other magma/ice interactions, results of intrusive events during Late Noachian to Early Amazonian times.
Contrast-enhanced photoacoustic imaging of live lobster nerve cord

Photoacoustic imaging provides optical contrast with good penetration and high spatial resolution, making it an attractive tool for noninvasive neural applications. We chose a commercial dye (NK2761) commonly used for optical imaging of membrane potential to enhance photoacoustic images of the live lobster nerve cord. The abdominal segment of the nerve cord was excised, stained and positioned in a custom neural recording system, enabling electrical stimulation and recording of compound action potentials. Photoacoustic and pulse echo images were also collected using a commercial ultrasound scanner and a 10-MHz linear probe. A wavelength-tunable pulsed laser source (Surelite TM , 5 ns, ~15 mJ, 30 mJ/cm 2 ) operating at 20 Hz produced photoacoustic waves. Longitudinal photoacoustic scans of a 25-mm segment of the excised nerve cord, including ganglionic and axonal processes, were collected and displayed every 7 seconds. Without the contrast agent, an average of 10 scans produced a peak photoacoustic signal 6 dB over background noise. An additional 29 dB was obtained after the nerve was submerged in the dye for 20 minutes. The gain decreased to 23 dB and 14 dB at 810 nm and 910 nm, respectively - consistent with the dye's optical absorbance measured using a portable spectrometer. The contrast-enhanced photoacoustic signal had a broad spectrum peaking at 4 MHz, and, after high pass filtering, images approached 200-mm spatial resolution. The hybrid imaging system, which provided several hours of electrical stimulation and recording, represents a robust testbed to develop novel photoacoustic contrast for neural applications.
Impacts of Ethanol Expansion on Cropping Patterns and Grain Flows

Ethanol expansion has the prospect of having major impacts on cropping patterns and the spatial distribution of grain flows. These changes are in addition to those being driven by developments elsewhere in the world grain economy, including growth in consumption (e.g., China) and production in alternative regions such as Northern Brazil. This article develops a spatial optimization model based on longer-term competitive equilibrium to make projections about cropping patterns and grain shipments from individual ports. Most important among these trends are a shift in area toward corn and away from wheat, a reduction in corn exports, an increase in exports from competitor countries, and changes in domestic and international grain flows.
EEG effects of microinjection of naloxone in the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat

In recent years, we have carried out several studies on brainstem mechanisms associated with pain modulation. Of particular interest has been the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) at the level of the area postrema (AP) in the dorsomedial medulla. This region has been found to be rich in opiate receptors and to be involved in pain modulation. Having previously demonstrated the EEG and behavioral effects of systemic administration of morphine, we initiated the present study to determine whether microinjection of naloxone directly into the region of the NTS will modify any or all of the EEG effects induced by subsequent systemic administration of morphine. Our results have shown that microinjections of naloxone into the region of the NTS block the cortical EEG synchronizing effects of systemically administered morphine. These results indicate that morphine-induced cortical EEG synchronization is mediated through the region of the NTS. This region may, therefore, comprise part of an opiate sensitive system which can influence cortical EEG activity.
The formation of unsymmetric diarsines from the reaction of aminoarsines and secondary organoarsines

Abstract The reaction of Me2AsNMe2 with Ph2AsH yields Ph2AsAsMe2, Me2AsAsMe2, Ph2AsAsPh2 and Me2NH. The course of the reaction was studied over a range of temperatures and concentrations in toluene-d8 solution 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The NMR data indicate the initial formation of Me2NH and Ph2AsAsMe2. The diarsine subsequently undergoes symmetrization to give a mixture of the unsymmetric diarsine and the two symmetric diarsines. All attempts to isolate Ph2AsAsMe2 were unsuccessful. Exchange processes involving the .AsN >NH and >AsAs >AsAs systems are very influential in determining the overall rate of reaction. Equilibrium constants were determined for the Me 2 AsAsMe 2 Ph 2 AsAsPh 2 and Et2AsAsEt2/Ph2AsAsPh2 systems. The results are compared with those of the analogous Me 2 AsH Me 2 AsAsMe 2 system.
Utility and delivery of behavioural interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections.

Over the past three decades, research focus on the development and evaluation of behavioural interventions aimed at reducing the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV has expanded considerably. Individual, couple and group level interventions aimed at improving condom use, HIV testing, linkage to care and retention, medication adherence, partner counselling and referral services, and decreasing number of partners have been developed and evaluated for many subpopulations.1–5 The interventions have been evaluated among African–Americans, Asian and Pacific Islanders, drug users, heterosexual adults, high-risk youth, Hispanic populations, men who have sex with men, people living with HIV, STI clinic patients, and transgender populations. However, despite their availability, behavioural interventions are inadequately utilised, and evidence of their population level impact is lacking. In this paper we discuss issues related to the utility of behavioural interventions, including questions around feasibility of implementation, scale-up and maintenance, and suggest new directions for planning, implementation, evaluation and continuous improvement of social and behavioural interventions in the context of STI and HIV prevention programmes. Most evidence on the efficacy of behavioural interventions is based on self-reported behaviour, and change in self-reported behaviour, as outcome. Assessment and reporting of sexual behaviour is subject to ascertainment and reporting bias.6 Such bias is particularly important in the context of behavioural intervention trials, because the intervention directly manipulates the desirability of certain reported behaviours, and subjects cannot be effectively blinded to the intervention. For behavioural intervention trials, STI and HIV incidence are the outcome measures of greatest interest. Unfortunately, trials that use STI and HIV incidence as outcome measure have not shown high levels of efficacy. Of the seven randomised controlled trials of behavioural interventions that measured HIV incidence as outcome, none were found to be efficacious.7 Of …
Resolving Child and Adolescent Traumatic Grief: Creative Techniques and Interventions

This article presents a review of creative interventions that can be helpful in facilitating the resolution of traumatic grief in children and adolescents. Traumatic grief is conceptualized as a condition in which a person loses a close loved one (e.g., a parent or a sibling) in a traumatic manner, and ensuing trauma-related symptoms disrupt the normal grieving process. The presented creative interventions will be conceptually linked to an evidence-based, cognitive behavioral treatment model that can be used in addressing traumatic grief. The creative interventions presented will include the use of writing, storytelling, drawing, commemorating, and ritualizing in relation to traumatic grief.
The synthesis and characterization of [IMesH](+)[(eta(3)-C(5)H(5))V(N)Cl(2)](-): An anionic vanadium(v) complex with a terminal nitrido ligand.

A series of new half-sandwich vanadium complexes have been prepared. The structures of two new anionic vanadium half-sandwich complexes, [CpVCl3]− and [CpV(N)Cl2]− are presented. 15N isotopic labelling studies have been conducted to unambiguously assign the VN infra red stretching frequencies of both a neutral and an anionic (cyclopentadienyl)vanadium nitrido complex. The influence of strongly π-basic coligands on the hapticity of the cyclopentadienyl ligands in half-sandwich complexes of vanadium is discussed.
Kinetics of the co/no surface reactions by the direct observation of the adsorbed species

Abstract Dynamic reflection infrared spectroscopy (DRIRS) was used to characterize the adsorbed state dynamics of CO and NO during adsorption/desorption and the CO/NO reaction on a platinum foil. The adsorbed states of CO and NO were characterized by stretching vibrations in the 1400–2100 cm−1 range. A square wave modulated reactant source provided a flux of one species to the surface at a pressure equivalent of 10−7 to 10−5 mBar, while the background pressure of the other species was independently controlled. Sample temperatures were varied from 325 to 500 K. For CO adsorption, a single IR band was observed that shifted from 2040 to 2075 cm−1 with increasing coverage. In the CO adsorption/desorption experiments, two distinct kinetic regimes were observed. At temperatures below 420 K, where the CO coverages were high (>50% saturation) desorption was characterized by a rate constant k = 105 e−7100/Ts−1. When the CO coverage was low, corresponding to the temperatures >450 K, the desorption rate constant was k = 1015 e−18,000/Ts−1. The change in the effective rate constant for CO desorption is suggested to result from repulsive interactions between adsorbed CO molecules. Two NO absorption bands were observed at 1630 and 1770 cm−1 which were attributed to NO absorbed on restructured and relaxed Pt surfaces. The combination of surface restructuring and NO decomposition precluded the accurate determination of NO desorption kinetics. The presence of NO on the surface increased the rate at which CO was removed from the surface. The CO and NO reaction on the surface produced a maximum in the CO turnover rate dependent on the reactant pressure ratio, coverage, and temperature. Modulating the CO pressure affected the coverage of NO in both types of adsorption sites, and modulation of the NO pressure produced modulations in the CO coverage. Assuming a uniform surface reaction, the data for the rate constant of CO removal during the CO/NO reaction due to a CO pressure modulation with constant NO pressure or an NO pressure modulation with constant CO pressure were consistent with the rate-limiting step in the CO/NO reaction being a bimolecular surface reaction between adsorbed CO and adsorbed NO. The data were not consistent with NO dissociation being the rate-limiting reaction step. Alternative possibilities resulting from reactions at surface defects or more complex reaction mechanisms could also account for the data.
Peripheral Detection of Reflectorized License Plates

This paper contains data on the peripheral detection distances of a reflectorized license plate (24 CIL) at night. Detection distances were obtained for two car heading angles (-3 degrees to the left and 10 degrees to the right), and seven detection angles (-30, −20, −10, 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees) using two groups of 7 young and healthy drivers each. The order of presentation for the 7 detection angles was random and balanced. Each driver sat in a stationary car on a 2000 feet long runway and detected an approaching target under low beam conditions against a background containing a number of luminaires and other light sources. There were three parallel approach paths on the runway. A total of nine consecutive approaches were made for each detection angle. The approaches were divided into 3 blocks and within each block each approach path was randomly chosen once. Each subject detected a total of 63 approaching targets. The results of this study indicate that the average peripheral detection distance for a...
SCHEME: An interactive FORTRAN program to analyze and simulate group decision data

SCHEME is an interactive FORTRAN programdesigned to analyze and simulate group decision datausing social decision scheme (SDS) theory (Davis, 1973).In general, the theory assumes that group membersarrive at a decision through the use of some explicitor implicit decision rule, or SDS, which may often becharacterized by a familiar label (e.g., majority wins,averaging, etc.). The general stochastic model canoperate on any distribution of individual preferencesusing any SDS to produce a theoretical distribution ofgroup decisions (where the groups are assumed to havebeen randomly formed). One measure of the adequacyof the hypothesized social decision rule as a model ofgroup decision making may be obtained by comparingthe predicted group distribution with an observed groupdistribution. This use of the theory is referred to asmodel testing (Kerr, Stasser, & Davis, 1979). Recentapplications of the theory in this manner have includedinvestigations of mock-jury decision processes (Davis,Kerr, Atkin, Holt,
Structural impediments to change in the Qazvin bazaar

(1972). Structural impediments to change in the Qazvin bazaar. Iranian Studies: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 130-148.
Re-calibration of the NIST SRM 2059 master standard using traceable atomic force microscope metrology

The current photomask linewidth Standard Reference Material (SRM) supplied by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), SRM 2059, is the fifth generation of such standards for mask metrology. An in house optical microscope tool developed at NIST, called the NIST ultra-violet (UV) microscope, was used in transmission mode to calibrate the SRM 2059 photomasks. Due to the limitations of available optical models for determining the edge response in the UV microscope, the tool was used in a comparator mode. One of the masks was selected as a master standard - and the features on this mask were calibrated using traceable critical dimension atomic force microscope (CD-AFM) dimensional metrology. The optical measurements were then used to determine the relative offsets between the widths on the master standard and individual masks for sale to customers. At the time of these measurements, however, the uncertainties in the CD-AFM reference metrology on the master standard were larger than can now be achieved because the NIST single crystal critical dimension reference material (SCCDRM) project had not been completed. Using our CD-AFM at NIST, we have performed new measurements on the SRM 2059 master standard. The new AFM results are in agreement with the prior measurements and have expanded uncertainties approximately one fourth of those of the earlier results for sub-micrometer features. When the optical comparator data for customers masks are reanalyzed using these new AFM results, we expect to reduce the combined reported uncertainties for the linewidths on the actual SRMs by at least 40 % for the nominal 0.25 μm features.
Generalized Joint Laxity Associated With Increased Medial Foot Loading in Female Athletes

Context: The relationship between generalized joint laxity and plantar pressure distribution of the foot and the potential implications for lower extremity injury have not been studied. Objective: To determine the relationship between generalized joint laxity and dynamic plantar pressure distribution. We hypothesized that individuals with greater generalized joint laxity, or hypermobility, would have greater dynamic medial midfoot pressure and loading during walking than nonhypermobile individuals. Design: Case control. Setting: Institutional biomechanics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Participants included 112 female soccer players between 11 and 21 years of age. Main Outcome Measure(s): Each participant was tested for generalized joint laxity using the Beighton and Horan Joint Mobility Index (BHJMI; range, 0–9) and was categorized as having either high (BHJMI score $4) or low (BHJMI score ,4) generalized joint laxity. Peak pressure and maximum force were calculated from a dynamic, barefoot plantar pressure distribution system. Results: Peak pressure and maximum force were greater in the 27 participants categorized as having high generalized joint laxity than in the 85 participants categorized as having low generalized joint laxity. The midfoot region exhibited greater loading in participants with high generalized joint laxity than in the other participants. We found an effect of BHJMI classification in the medial midfoot; peak pressure in the dominant (F1,109 5 11.262, P 5 .001) and nondominant (F1,109 5 14.32, P , .001) sides and maximum force in the dominant (F1,109 5 7.88, P 5 .006) and nondominant (F1,109 5 9.18, P 5 .003) sides were greater in the high generalized joint laxity group than in the low generalized joint laxity group. Conclusions: Athletes classified as having high generalized joint laxity demonstrated increased midfoot loading. Delineation of risk factors for medial collapse of the foot, which include hypermobility in athletes, may help clinicians evaluate and prevent lower extremity injury with treatments, such as orthoses.
Living in the moment: patients with MTL amnesia can richly describe the present despite deficits in past and future thought.

Accumulating evidence suggests that amnesic patients have difficulty imagining the future in addition to having deficits remembering the past (see Verfaellie, Race, and Keane, 2012). In a recent article in this journal, Zeman and colleagues (in press) reported that amnesics are also impaired at describing the present: A group of amnesics with mixed etiologies and variable neurocognitive profiles produced fewer narrative elements compared to controls when describing pictures and real-life settings. These results were taken as evidence that amnesics’ impoverished descriptions of the past and future reflect a more basic impairment in narrative construction, the experience of the present, or cognitive functions outside the memory domain. By contrast, a study by Race et al. (2011) suggested that impaired description of pictures in the present is not a general characteristic of amnesia. Patients with amnesia due to medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage and cognitive impairments limited to the memory domain produced picture-based stories as well as controls despite deficits in describing the past and future. Zeman et al. argue that important differences in task demands (e.g., the requirement to describe versus tell a story about picture elements) “hampers direct comparison of the results” across studies, suggesting that picture narrative deficits in amnesia may depend on specific task demands. We investigated this hypothesis by retesting the same MTL amnesics and controls from the Race et al. (2011) study on a picture description task, using instructions similar to Zeman et al. (in press).
The adolescent parent: A dual developmental crisis

This paper examines salient developmental characteristics of adolescents and beginning parents. In the case of many teenage parents, specific developmental tasks of adolescence affect and may potentially conflict with the tasks of early parenthood. A conceptual framework is presented which describes this conflict and serves as the basis for examining and explaining certain unique behaviors observed in young adolescent parents.
Programme management in a developing nation telecommunications company

Abstract In order to examine the application of programme management in developing nations or in companies with little experience, a fictitious telecommunications company, TNTC, somewhere in the Third World is studied. TNTC is undertaking several large capital investment programmes, although three years ago it had no programme managers and almost no experience in programme management. Several lessons in the application of programme management can be learned from examining the way in which TNTC launched into this area. Although TNTC is an imaginary company, the events described are drawn from real cases.
Total synthesis of (-)-mucocin.

An enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-mucocin has been completed. A combination of asymmetric glycolate aldol additions and ring closing metathesis reactions were exploited to construct the C18−C34 and C7−C17 fragments. A selective cross-metathesis reaction was employed as the key step to couple two complex fragments.