cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep®1 ambulation system: Part 5. Lower extremity blood flow and hyperemic responses to occlusion are augmented by ambulation training

Objective: To test whether 12 weeks of exercise conditioning using functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) ambulation alters the resting lower extremity blood flow and hyperemic responses to vascular occlusion in subjects with paraplegia, and to determine whether an association exists between limb flow and lower extremity fat-free mass. Design: Pretest, posttest. Setting: Academic medical center. Participants: Subjects with chronic neurologically complete paraplegia. Intervention: Thirty-two sessions of microprocessor-controlled ambulation using electrically stimulated contractions of lower extremity muscles and a rolling walker. Outcome Measures: Subjects underwent quantitative Doppler ultrasound examination of the common femoral artery (CFA) before and after training. End-diastolic arterial images and arterial flow-velocity profiles obtained at rest and after 5 minutes of suprasystolic thigh occlusion were computer-digitized for analysis of heart rate (HR), CFA peak systolic velocity (PSV), CFA cross-sectional area (CSA), flow velocity integral (FVI), pulse volume (PV), and CFA (arterial) inflow volume (AIV). Results: Significant effects of training on CSA (p < .0001), FVI (p < .05), computed PV (p < .001), and computed AIV (p < .01) were observed. Resting HR was lower following training (p < .05). The change for resting PSV approached but did not reach significance (p = .083). Analysis of postocclusion PV and AIV showed significant effects for conditioning status (p values < .01), postcompression time (p values < .0001), and their interaction (p values < .01). At 1 minute after occlusion, the posttraining AIV response was 78.2% greater in absolute magnitude and 17.4% more robust when expressed as a percentage change from its resting value than before training. Significant correlations were found between thigh fat free mass and both AIV and PV (p values < .05). Conclusion: Exercise training using FNS ambulation increases the resting lower extremity AIV in individuals with paraplegia and augments the hyperemic response to vascular occlusion. Improved posttraining blood flow is attributable both to vascular structural changes and upregulation of vascular flow control mechanisms. Limb mass is associated with the volume of arterial blood flow.
A Multivariate Generalized Poisson Regression Model

A multivariate generalized Poisson regression model based on the multivariate generalized Poisson distribution is defined and studied. The regression model can be used to describe a count data with any type of dispersion. The model allows for both positive and negative correlation between any pair of the response variables. The parameters of the regression model are estimated by using the maximum likelihood method. Some test statistics are discussed, and two numerical data sets are used to illustrate the applications of the multivariate count data regression model.
Positive and negative acute phase proteins in affective subtypes.

Abstract Background: Patients with affective disorders show evidence of increased positive acute phase proteins (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP], α-1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin) and decreased negative acute phase proteins (e.g., albumin, transferrin [TFN]). CRP reductions have been reported to be greater in patients who later respond to lithium augmentation, and these patients also demonstrate higher CRP levels on the failed antidepressant, prior to the addition of lithium. However, association of such systemic immune changes with affective subtypes, mood state, psychotropic medications, age and gender has not been extensively explored. Methods: The present study assessed levels of CRP and TFN in 79 bipolar I, 24 bipolar II, and 46 unipolar depressed outpatients in comparison to 22 healthy controls. Results: Patients on lithium monotherapy were significantly less likely to demonstrate elevated CRP, and a similar trend was noted in those patients taking lithium in combination with an antidepressant. The frequency of elevated CRP levels did not significantly vary for different psychotropic medications, affective subgroups, or mood states. TFN levels were not influenced by diagnosis, affective state or psychotropic medications. Limitations: Due to the retrospective nature of this analysis, the affective subgroups were heterogenous with regard to medications and affective state, and differed significantly in age. Due to limitations in subgroup sample size, significant effects of clinical variables may have been masked by interactions of medications, age, affective subtype, and mood state. Conclusions: The results imply that lithium may play a role in normalizing systemic immune activation associated with depression. Whether such immune changes may be restricted to lithium-responsive subgroups deserves further evaluation.
An efficient solution for Cauchy-likesystems of linear equations

Using the displacement approach and transformation of vectors, the complexity ofsolving strongly nonsingular Cauchy-like systems of linear equations [email protected][email protected]@? will be improved off a factor of log n from the known algorithms of the recursive triangular factorization, where F is a field and [email protected]? @? F"n"x"1 is a vector and C @? F"n"x"n is a strongly nonsingular Cauchy-like matrix. The efficient algorithms were presented by Morf, Bitmead and Anderson to solve strongly nonsingular Toeplitz-like equations of linear systems by using the recursive triangular factorization in 1980. Recently, this approach of the recursive triangular factorization was extended to solve Cauchy-like systems with the complexity of O(n log^3n) operations by Pan et al. This is the best known complexity bound by using the direct approach of recursive triangular factorization in Cauchy-like cases. However, these algorithms are still slower than the well-known algorithms with the asymptotic bound of O(n log^2n) operations, which have been proposed by the means of reducing Cauchy-like matrices into Toeplitz-like matrices. In our present paper, the algorithms of the recursive triangular factorization are modified so that the complexity bound of the direct recursive approach can be decreased to O(n log^2n) operations. This matches the asymptotic bound without transforming to Toeplitz-like matrices. Our improvement of the direct recursive approach is by a factor of log n due to changing the original vectors expressed in the given Cauchy-like matrix into the special vectors, where the entries are unit roots. The applications of structured matrices include Nevanlinna Pick tangential interpolation problems.
Physiological studies of subtidal red algae

The net photosynthesis of the subtidal red algae Euthora cristata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh, Phycodrys rubens (L. ) Batters, Phyllophora truncata (Pallas) Newroth et Taylor and Ptilota serrata Kutzing were determined under a variety of different light and temperature regimes. The optimal light requirements for net photosynthesis of the species are relatively low, mostly ranging from 465 to 747 ft-c at 5 ° and 15 °C. Seasonal and spatial differences were found in the photosynthesis-light responses of Phyllophora truncata and Ptilota serrata; winter plants exhibited lower light optima for net photosynthesis than spring plants. Deep-water populations of Ptilota showed lower light optima and reduced net photosynthesis as compared with shallow subtidal populations. Summer plants of Euthora cristata, Phycodrys rubens and Phyllophora truncata showed a greater tolerance to high temperatures and higher temperature optima than winter plants. It is suggested that optimal temperature and light requirements of seaweeds are adjusted in an adaptive fashion to the environmental regimes of their habitats. The temperature requirements of the four species are discussed in relation to their local estuarine distributions in New England; eurythermal species have the widest estuarine distributions. Cystocarpic and tetrasporic plants of Euthora cristata and Ptilota serrata show differential physiological responses and vertical distributions. The significance of higher rates of net photosynthesis and lower light optima are discussed in relation to vertical stratification of different generations.
Double Perforated Impingement Plate in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger

This article presents a solution to a chronic problem causing repeated tube failure at shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The problem is related to the fouling process on the tubes' surface, which accumulates downstream from the impingement plate at the exchanger inlet nozzle within the first tube rows due to low velocity and vortices production. In fouling services, the suspended deposits, fouling, accumulates on the tubes' surface downstream from the impingement plate, causing under-deposit corrosion, raising the tubes' surface temperature due to lack of cooling, and accelerating fouling process. Under-deposit corrosion attacks tubes and causes repeated tube failure, costing a lot of money in terms of material, maintenance, and production losses. Normal practice of extending tube life and delaying their failure is to upgrade the tubes' metallurgy. So the article objective is to present an economical solution option through modifying the impingement plate in the shell-and-tube heat exchangers where the impi...
Dissolution Rates of Hydrocortisone and Prednisone Utilizing Sugar Solid Dispersion Systems in Tablet Form

The utilization of ternary sugar solid dispersion systems and the incorporation of these systems into tablet dosage forms were investigated. The dispersion systems were prepared by the fusion method using 50% sucrose–50% mannitol and 50% sorbitol–50% mannitol. Other systems investigated utilized sorbitol, mannitol, and polyethylene glycol 6000 for comparison. The drug component was hydrocortisone or prednisone. The results from a modified NF XIII dissolution rate determination revealed that the mannitol system had the fastest dissolution rate, followed by sorbitol–mannitol, sucrose–mannitol, sorbitol, and, finally, polyethylene gylcol 6000. The corticosteroids were stable and did not decompose during preparation of the dispersion systems or direct compression of the tablets. A short-term stability study revealed that the tablets retained their fast dissolution rates and that the tablet characteristic tests, i.e., tablet hardness, remained unchanged. The use of sugar combinations overcame some difficulties previously reported with single sugar systems.
Initial growth of transplanted E11 fetal cortex and spinal cord in adult rat spinal cord.

Fetal CNS (cortex and spinal cord) transplants survive and grow in the spinal cord of adult rats. The present experiments study the initial stages (10 days) to determine the developmental pattern of early (E11) fetal cortex and spinal cord transplants implanted into the T6 spinal cord of adult rats (n= 50). Controls were age-matched fetuses or pups from the donor females and surgical and vehicle controls (n= 20). E11 fetal cortex (0.5 × 1.0 mm pieces of neuroepithelium) or spinal cord (1.0 mm) were dissected from caesarean delivered fetuses from time pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. The fetal tissue was pressure-injected between the dorsal horn and dorsal column of the host. Hosts were prepared for light and electron microscopy 1, 3, 7 and 10 days postimplantation (DPI). At 1 DPI, ovoid, ventriculated multiple neuroepithelia formed in an implantation-induced cyst in the host spinal cord. The inner layer of cells lining the ventricle of the ovoid neuroepithelia was actively dividing. The nuclei of the cells differentiated as they reached the surface of the neuroepithelium. This pattern was repeated at 3–10 DPI. At 7–10 DPI, differentiated neurons and neuroglia surrounded actively dividing neuroepithelia. These cells comprised the bulk of the transplant in the cyst. Transplanted mesenchymal cells formed pockets of cartilage in the implanted spinal cord. Although transplanted CNS consisted of only neuroepithelial cells, they differentiated into neurons that were typical for cortex or spinal cord. These data indicate that the transplanted E11 fetal tissue formed neuroepithelia which established the pattern of growth for these transplants.
Correlates of Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged Adults

The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study administered cognitive function tests to more than 14,000 middle-aged adults in 1990–1992. The battery included the Delayed Word Recall test, the Digit Sy
Survival of patients with localized histiocytic lymphoma

Twenty of 65 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma were identified by staging laparotomy as being in pathologic stages (PS) I, I(E), II, II(E). Six of the 20 patients were treated with total nodal, 10 with extended mantle, and four with involved-field radiotherapy. The survival rate and relapse-free survival at five years were 71% and 78%, respectively. All relapses occurred within the first year and were confined to patients with PS II disease and four or more sites of involvement. Accurate pathologic staging identifies patients who are potentially curable with radiotherapy. Further studies are required to determine the treatment necessary to achieve cure in PS II patients with more than four sites of involvement.
Laser excitation of single ion and clustered ion sites in SrF2 : Er3+☆

Abstract Selective laser excitation has been used to study the optical properties of the charge compensated sites in 0.0001%, 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.2% concentrations of SrF2 : Er3+. Using a pulsed, tunable, narrowband dye laser, nine crystallographically inequavalent sites were observed, and the fluorescence and excitation lines associated with each were identified. Concentration dependences, ion pair energy transfer, and crystal field splittings were used to classify these sites as arising from either a single charge compensated Er3+ ion or clustered pairs of Er3+ ions. At lower concentrations, the four single ion sites dominated the spectra while at higher concentrations the cluster sites weredominant. Several of these sites were found to be similar to sites previously observed in CaF2 : Er3+, and several were correlated to spectra of SrF2 : Er3+ published by other workers.
Acceleration of atmospheric Cherenkov telescope signal processing to real-time speed with the Auto-Pipe design system

Abstract The imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique for high-energy gamma-ray astronomy is emerging as an important new technique for studying the high energy universe. Current experiments have data rates of ≈ 20 TB / year and duty cycles of about 10%. In the future, more sensitive experiments may produce up to 1000 TB/year. The data analysis task for these experiments requires keeping up with this data rate in close to real-time. Such data analysis is a classic example of a streaming application with very high performance requirements. This class of application often benefits greatly from the use of non-traditional approaches for computation including using special purpose hardware (FPGAs and ASICs), or sophisticated parallel processing techniques. However, designing, debugging, and deploying to these architectures is difficult and thus they are not widely used by the astrophysics community. This paper presents the Auto-Pipe design toolset that has been developed to address many of the difficulties in taking advantage of complex streaming computer architectures for such applications. Auto-Pipe incorporates a high-level coordination language, functional and performance simulation tools, and the ability to deploy applications to sophisticated architectures. Using the Auto-Pipe toolset, we have implemented the front-end portion of an imaging Cherenkov data analysis application, suitable for real-time or offline analysis. The application operates on data from the VERITAS experiment, and shows how Auto-Pipe can greatly ease performance optimization and application deployment of a wide variety of platforms. We demonstrate a performance improvement over a traditional software approach of 32 x using an FPGA solution and 3.6 x using a multiprocessor based solution.
Accelerometer-based position and speed sensing for manual pipe welding process

For manual pipe welding process, welding position and speed are two of the most important welding parameters. Highly skilled pipe welders can well adjust their operation to produce high-quality welds. However, even experienced welders may sometimes have defected welds due to improper welding speed. The weld quality will be better guaranteed if the welding position and speed can be measured and other welding parameters can be changed accordingly. This paper introduced the development and experiment results on a practical accelerometer-based torch sensor to measure torch position and speed. Based on the measured acceleration data, the two important welding parameters were calculated with moderate computing load by an embedded control system. For future work, the welding position and speed calculation with sufficient accuracy can help the design of advanced control algorithm to various pipe welding processes.
Relationship between mitogen response and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in cultured human lymphocytes.

Abstract This study was conducted to determine if any relationship existed between Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility and mitogen response of cultured lymphocytes from normal healty individuals. The experiments were done repeatedly on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the same individuals at 4 months intervals during the course of a year. AHH activity was measured by spectrophotofluorometric assay procedures. Mitogen response was measured by counting the incorporation of 3H-Thymidine in cellular DNA using a liquid scintillation counter. Our study indicated large variations in mitogen response of the lymphocytes throughout the study period within the same individuals as well as among the individuals. Variations in AHH inducibility within and among the individuals were also found. The variations were without any pattern. No relationship was found between AHH inducibility and the mitogen response index, suggesting the AHH inducibility test in the mitogen stimulated cultured lymphocytes is not affected by the immune responsiveness of the cells from individual.
Automatic Design of Telescope Doublets

An I.B.M. Card Program Computer has been programmed to compute thin lens aplanatic doublets. Thirty-eight solutions are included in a table. One solution is completely ray traced after proper thicknesses are added to show the value of a thin lens solution.
Deficits in Neuromuscular Control of the Trunk Predict Knee Injury Risk A Prospective Biomechanical-Epidemiologic Study

Background: Female athletes are at significantly greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than male athletes in the same high-risk sports. Decreased trunk (core) neuromuscular control may compromise dynamic knee stability.Hypotheses: (1) Increased trunk displacement after sudden force release would be associated with increased knee injury risk; (2) coronal (lateral), not sagittal, plane displacement would be the strongest predictor of knee ligament injury; (3) logistic regression of factors related to core stability would accurately predict knee, ligament, and ACL injury risk; and (4) the predictive value of these models would differ between genders.Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.Methods: In this study, 277 collegiate athletes (140 female and 137 male) were prospectively tested for trunk displacement after a sudden force release. Analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of risk in athletes who sustained knee injury.Results...
Laser-induced fluorescence studies of europium extractant complexes in organic phases

Abstract Studies of Eu3+-extractant complexes in organic phases of interest in solvent extraction of lanthanides and actinides have been carried out using time- and wavelength-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Even at low metal loading, the Eu3+ is shown to be present in the organic phase as a single metal ion-extractant complex in which complete dehydration of the metal ion has occurred when the aqueous phase was nitric acid and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid or octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoyl-methylphosphine oxide were used as extractants.
Compiling regular patterns

Pattern matching mechanisms based on regular expressions feature in a number of recent languages for processing tree-structured data such as XML. A compiler for such a language must address not only the familiar problems of pattern optimization for ML-style algebraic datatypes and pattern matching, but also some new ones, arising principally from the use of recursion in patterns. We identify several factors playing a significant role in the quality of the generated code, propose two pattern compilers---one generating backtracking target programs, the other non-backtracking---and sketch proofs of their correctness.
RF loss as a design parameter in traveling wave tubes

RF loss is used in most linear beam tubes to reduce regenerative oscillations which result when the loop gain of any section of the device exceeds unity. In a traveling wave tube (TWT) loss is usually in the form of an attenuator, or sever, which is designed to absorb the rf power on the circuit but allow the rf power in the beam to pass to a following section.
Modeling Multiple Adoption Decisions in a Joint Framework

A multinomial probit (MNP) model is applied to the modeling of adoption decisions by farmers facing multiple technologies which can be adopted in various combinations. This model allows for full investigation of the interactions between decisions to adopt or not adopt several technologies. Estimation is carried out in a Bayesian framework employing Gibbs sampling to circumvent past difficulties encountered in maximum likelihood estimation of the MNP model. The model is estimated for a sample of U.S. apple growers with four possible sustainable production technology bundles. The results show that adoption decisions are most significantly influenced by off-farm labor supply.
Optimum, market and second-best land use patterns in a von Thünen city with congestion

Abstract This paper constructs a von Thunen type model with traffic congestion and two production inputs. A comparison between optimum and market land use patterns is presented. The second-best problem in which congestion tolls are not allowed is also considered. The policy variable in the analysis is the allocation of land between production and transportation. The result is examined in a cost-benefit analysis based on market rent.
Production of cold orthohelium in counter propagating helium and electron beams

Inelastic electron-helium collisions with zero center of mass momentum are discussed as a potential method of production of low energy metastable helium suitable for magnetic trapping.
Identification of Asp95 as the site of succinimide formation in recombinant human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor.

Abstract Human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is a single polypeptide of 134 amino acids and functions as a disulfide-linked dimer. Incubation of the protein in pH 5.0 and at 37°C for 1 week showed that 5% of the material was converted to a form that eluted after the major protein peak on a cation-exchange column. The modified component gave an average molecular mass of 30367.0 u (theoretical = 30384.8 u). Within measurement error, this 17.8-u decrease in mass indicated the loss of a water molecule. This observation, together with the protein's behavior on cation-exchange chromatography and the mode of incubation used to generate the modification, was consistent with cyclic imide (succinimide) formation at an aspartyl residue. Hence, only a monomer of the dimeric protein was modified. The modified monomer was purified and subjected to peptic degradation. By a combination of N-terminal analysis and mass spectrometry, the region containing Asp 95 -Lys 96 was identified to be modified. This was further confirmed by carboxypeptidase Y digestion of the modified peptide where the modified region was found to be resistant to further enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, incubation of the modified monomer in pH 8.5 for 2 h yielded two peaks, in agreement with the succinimide model where the cyclic imide was hydrolyzed into a mixture of isoaspartate and aspartate. Tryptic mapping of the isoaspartyl-containing protein showed that Asp 95 was refractory to Edman degradation, confirming it was in the isoaspartate form. Hence, the modification observed was due to succinimide formation at Asp 95 . This is the first report of succinimide formation at an Asp-Lys linkage.
Democratizing Computing with App Inventor

MIT App Inventor is a visual blocks language that enables beginners and non-programmers to create apps for their phones and tablets. It has empowered thousands to create software with real-world usefulness, and see themselves as creators rather than only consumers in the mobile computing environment. Educationally, it offers a "gateway drug" that can help broaden and diversify participation in computing education.
Multiple-soliton solutions for the Boussinesq equation

Abstract In this work we use the Hirota’s direct method combined with the simplified version of this method to determine the N-soliton solutions for the Boussinesq equation. The one-soliton solutions will be handled by the tanh–coth method. The work highlights the significant features of the employed methods.
A nonstationary analysis of bandwidth access control schemes for heterogeneous traffic in B-ISDN

We present a comparative analysis of bandwidth access control schemes under nonstationary traffic conditions for heterogeneous circuit-mode traffic offered to a B-ISDN network link. A unified model for analysing the behavior of several bandwidth access control schemes is developed using a Markov process model with acceptance functions. Numerical techniques are used to solve the associated Chapman-Kolmogorov equations and determine the nonstationary behavior. Performance results are given for several common bandwidth access control schemes, namely: complete sharing, complete partitioning, partial sharing, classical trunk reservation, and the probabilistic reservation policy. It is shown that the use of the average arrival rate to estimate the average connection blocking rate may be an underestimate for a system with a time varying arrival process. Also, it is found that a nonstationarity in one traffic class arrival process can impact other stationary traffic classes and the degree of variability depends on the particular access control scheme.
TaskBoard: Tracking pertinent task artifacts and plans

Developers must actively maintain status information about the programming tasks they are engaged in. Unfortunately, much of this knowledge does not exist in tangible form. Commonly, developers are forced to recover the details of this knowledge after encountering an unanticipated interruption. In this paper, we present a technique enabling developers to quickly reengage in a task after such an interruption. A dashboard visualization, called TaskBoard, of intermediate task knowledge is constructed from recent activities and program executions and then displayed to assist reengagement. Developers can annotate its contents with task descriptions and prospective cues.
Generation of All Counter-Examples for Push-Down Systems

We present a new, on-the-fly algorithm that given a push-down model representing a sequential program with (recursive) procedure calls and an extended finite-state automaton representing (the negation of) a safety property, produces a succinct, symbolic representation of all counter-examples; i.e., traces of system behaviors that violate the property. The class of what we call minimum-recursion loop-free counter-examples can then be generated from this representation on an as-needed basis and presented to the user. Our algorithm is also applicable, without modification, to finite-state system models. Simultaneous consideration of multiple counter-examples can minimize the number of model-checking runs needed to recognize common root causes of property violations. We illustrate the use of our techniques via application to a Java-Tar utility and an FTP-server program, and discuss a prototype tool implementation which offers several abstraction techniques for easy-viewing of generated counter-examples.
Restoration of the effectively treated pulpless tooth

Abstract As a result of progress through research and development, endodontic procedures are effective in returning the pulpless tooth to a state of health. Inherent characteristics of the pulpless tooth, including brittleness and discoloring tendencies, and extensive diminution of coronal integrity due to the etiologic factors which necessitated the endodontic therapy, require specific considerations in constructing the restoration. Effective restoration of the pulpless tooth subsequent to present day effective endodontic therapy is facilitated by the clinical application of recent developments in dental materials.
The Gap between Simulation and Understanding in Climate Modeling

Abstract The problem of creating truly convincing numerical simulations of our Earth's climate will remain a challenge for the next generation of climate scientists. Hopefully, the ever increasing power of computers will make this task somewhat less frustrating than it is at present. But, increasing computational power also raises issues as to how we would like to see climate modeling and the study of climate dynamics evolve in the twenty-first century. One of the key issues we will need to address is the widening gap between simulation and understanding.
The Political Party Matrix: The Persistence of Organization. By J. P. Monroe. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. 156p. $49.50 cloth, $16.95 paper.

It used to be an axiom in political science that American parties were weak. Now we are not so sure. During the 1980s and 1990s, the profession produced a great deal of theoretical and empirical work suggesting that U.S. political parties were “resurgent.” J. P. Monroe's book, The Political Party Matrix: The Persistence of Organization, provides an interesting twist on the new literature. It argues that party change is the result not so much of strengthening but of adaptation.
Effect of denervation on 'synaptic' ribbon populations in the rat pineal gland

The formation of pineal ‘synaptic’ ribbons (SR) may be directly related to the adrenergic innervation of the gland. In order to clarify this relationship, SR populations at various times from 12 h to 14 days after pineal denervation were morphometrically analysed by electron microscopy. Pineal denervation was accomplished by bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy. A decrease in nocturnal pineal SR numbers, indicating a reduction in SR formation, was demonstrated 12 to 24 h after pineal denervation. Seventy-two hours after ganglionectomy SR numbers were comparable with those in nocturnal intact and sham-operated controls. Thereafter, 7 and 14 days after ganglionectomy, SR numbers exceeded nocturnal intact and sham-operated controls. Administration of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, 24 h after denervation significantly increased SR numbers over those in untreated rats denervated 24 h earlier. Thus SR formation remained responsive to adrenergic receptor stimulation in the absence of an intact adrenergic innervation. Further, the increase in SR numbers following subacute (7 to 14 days) denervation indicated that SR formation was not dependent on an intact innervation or the presence of endogenous (pineal) norepinephrine. On the basis of these results, we suggest that SR formation may be related structurally as well as functionally to adrenergic receptors on the rat pinealocyte.
Partnering with Faculty To Interweave Internet Instruction into College Coursework.

As increasingly rich Web resources become available across all disciplines and occupational programs, the question is not whether but how to best integrate them into our instructional efforts. One approach is for librarians to form partnerships with classroom faculty to create course‐related instructional exercises that include Internet resources. Librarians always have occupied a critical intersection point between the user with information needs and the worlds of resources available. What has changed recently is both magnitude and complexity. Web‐based exercises provide a means to re‐mold course‐related instruction once again to respond to newly emerging needs and contingencies.
The Asian Financial Crises: The Role of Derivative Securities Trading and Foreign Investors

This paper is part of a larger research program pertaining to the role of derivatives during financial crisis and also part of the research pertaining to the causes of the Asian financial crisis. The Korean market is studied because of two reasons: (1) it is a representative example of the Asian financial meltdown and (2) there is a detailed data set available of all transactions by different types of protagonists, including foreign investors. Several authors including Kim and Wei (1999), Park and Song (1999) and Radelet and Sachs (1998) put the blame for the Asian crisis on foreign investors. Choe, Kho and Stulz (1999), who focused exclusively on equity trading in the Korean stock market, found no evidence supporting market de-stabilization by foreign investors during the crisis. They did not find any evidence showing that the foreign investors' herding is more important and they engaged in positive feedback trading during the crisis. They also found no evidence that foreign investors de-stabilized the stock market in event studies that examined the abnormal returns centered around large trades by foreign market participants. The paper begins with establishing first the role of derivative securities during the crisis. None of the studies so far have examined futures trading. Our paper focuses on this largely overlooked and important feature of the crisis. Once the role of futures contracts is understood, the paper complements Choe et al.'s analysis by examining whether derivatives trading by either domestic or non-resident investors, or both together, exerted a de-stabilizing influence during the crash. The results in this paper indicate that futures market played a key role during the Korean stock market turbulence in 1997. We find that the fraction of index futures volume started to rise dramatically in July 1997, three months ahead of the crash, and died out after the crash. Furthermore, we also report that selling pressures in the futures market during the crisis were transmitted to the cash market causing a decline in cash prices, a pattern which was not observed prior to the crisis. Given the significance of futures trading, we examine whether futures trading by either domestic or foreign investors, or both together, exerted a de-stabilizing influence during the crisis. We find that foreign investors increased their presence in the futures market and dramatically increase their herding of futures trading. Foreign traders also become negative feedback traders of futures and the permanent impact of their futures contracts sales increases substantially during the crisis.
The norm residue isomorphism theorem

We provide a patch to complete the proof of the Voevodsky-Rost Theorem, that the norm residue map is an isomorphism. (This settles the motivic Bloch-Kato conjecture.)
PSP-SOI: A Surface-Potential-Based Compact Model of SOI MOSFETs

Surface-potential-based models, which represent the mainstream ap- proach to compact modeling of bulk MOSFETs, are now in the process of being applied to SOI devices. In this chapter we discuss two advanced SOI models—PSP- SOI-PD for partially depleted devices and PSP-SOI-DD including the dynamic de- pletion effects. Both models are based on the popular PSP model of bulk MOSFETs. The theoretical foundation of all PSP-family models is the symmetric linearization method that allows one to raise the physical contents of the compact model with- out prohibitive increase in its computational complexity. In addition to the physics- based structure of the new models inherited from bulk PSP, they account for phe- nomena specific to SOI devices (e.g. floating body, and valence band tunneling cur- rent) and include a detailed description of parasitic effects. We discuss both the theoretical developments and verification of the model against test data and TCAD simulations with particular emphasis on the interplay between the model structure and its simulation capabilities.
Composite Materials: Theory vs. Experiment

Some experimental data by Richard [1] has been used by previous authors to validate models for the prediction of effective moduli of composites. It is shown that this data lies outside the range specified by the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds.
Glutamate-induced cellular injury in isolated chick embryo retina: Müller cell localization of initial effects.

The neurotoxic and gliotoxic effects of glutamate and several glutamate analogues were studied in isolated chick embryo retinas. To facilitate examination of initial pathological events, a short-term incubation system was developed and used for light microscopic and autoradiographic investigation. Low-dose, short-term glutamate treatment of 12-day retinas resulted in a glial-specific lesion in the Muller cells, characterized by extensive cellular edema; at higher concentrations and/or longer treatment times, neurotoxic as well as gliotoxic effects were seen. The early glial damage was identical in appearance to that seen after incubation with DL-α-aminoadipate and other reported gliotoxins. No evidence of a similar glialspecific action was seen after administration of kainic acid, although extensive neuronal degeneration did result. Incubation of retinas with tritiated glutamate (3H-glu) revealed a selective uptake of the label by Muller cells. Autoradiographic grains were localized over Muller foot processes at the inner limiting membrane, and by 30 minutes labeled the entire glial system. Prior treatment with neurotoxic levels of glutamate did not alter the autoradiographic localization to glial cells. Possible glial-neuronal interactions and their effect on cytotoxic patterns are discussed.
Undersea laser communication with narrow beams

Laser sources enable highly efficient optical communications links due to their ability to be focused into very directive beam profiles. Recent atmospheric and space optical links have demonstrated robust laser communications links at high rate with techniques that are applicable to the undersea environment. These techniques contrast to the broad-angle beams utilized in most reported demonstrations of undersea optical communications, which have employed LED-based transmitters. While the scattering in natural waters will cause the beam to broaden, a narrowly directive transmitter can still significantly increase the optical power delivered to a remote undersea terminal. Using Monte Carlo analysis of the undersea scattering environment, we show the two main advantages of narrow-beam optical communication: increased power throughput and decreased temporal spread. Based on information theoretic arguments, gigabit-per-second class links can be achieved at 20 extinction lengths by utilizing pulse position modulation, single-photon-sensitive receivers, and modern forward error correction techniques.
New single polarization fiber with high extinction ratio

A new hole-assisted single polarization fiber is fabricated with extinction ratios as high as 60 dB in lengths smaller than 1 meter. The fiber contains a hole on each side of the core and on the minor axis.
The Behavior of Actinide Containing Glasses During Gammirar Adiation in a Saturated Tuff Environment

The influence of gamma irradiation on the reaction of actinide doped SRL 165 and PNL 76–68 glasses in a saturated tuff environment has been studied in a series of tests lasting up to 56 days. The reaction, and subsequent actinide release, of both glasses depends on the dynamic interaction between radiolysis effects which cause the solution pH to become more acidic and glass reaction which drives the pH more basic. The use of large gamma irradiation dose rates to accelerate reactions that would occur in an actual repository radiation field may affect this dynamic balance by unduly influencing the mechanism of the glass-water reaction. Comparisons are made between the present results and data obtained by reacting the same or similar glasses using MCC-1 and NNWSI rock cup procedures.
The North Carolina Charter Boat Fishery Changing with the Times: A Comparative Analysis of the Catch Composition (1978 and 2007–2008)

The North Carolina charter boat fishery was surveyed in 1978 and provided a comprehensive assessment of the species catch composition and economic impacts. This fishery was surveyed again in 2007–2008 to provide a more recent representation of the effects and impacts on tourism and coastal fish populations. We analyzed and compared the species catch composition, type of fishing trips (inshore vs. offshore), and anglers' residency (in state vs. out of state) between these two surveys. Overall, in 2007–2008 the northern district was mainly characterized by offshore fishing trips by out-of-state anglers during summer and fall months, whereas the central and southern districts were primarily characterized by in-state anglers making inshore (southern district) and offshore (central district) trips occurring mainly during summer (southern district) and fall (central district). Since 1978, the fishery in the northern and central districts has expanded further offshore, mainly targeting larger pelagic species. Th...
Abstract 18337: Outcomes after Intravascular Stenting for Baffle Obstruction in Patients with Transposition of the Great Arteries after Atrial Switch

Introduction: Venous baffle obstruction is a challenging complication after atrial switch operation (Mustard/Senning) for complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Treatment options include intravascular stenting or surgical revision, but data are limited about the benefit of one approach over the other. We report our experience with intravascular stent placement for baffle obstruction after atrial switch operation. Methods: We reviewed clinical and hemodynamic data in pts with TGA after atrial switch who underwent cardiac catheterization from 1994-2013 at Mayo Clinic. Results: 53 pts underwent catheterization for evaluation of possible baffle obstruction (see Table). Intravascular stenting was performed in 20 pts, 6 of whom had multiple areas of obstruction. In 5 pts with pulmonary venous baffle obstruction, stent placement was facilitated by transseptal puncture in 3 pts and a hybrid surgical-interventional approach in 2 pts. Of the 20 pts who had stenting performed, two pts developed mild recurrent stenosis of the SVC baffle at follow-up which did not require re-dilation; no patients developed baffle leak, and 19/20 pts (95%) had improvement in NYHA class (P = 0.0001); 5-year survival was 100% and freedom from baffle re-operation was 94%. Of the 22 pts who did not undergo stent placement, 7 pts had surgical baffle revision, 5 pts underwent balloon dilatation, 10 pts had no intervention, and 4 died (3 after surgery & 1 pt who had no intervention.) Conclusion: This study is the largest reported experience of intravascular stenting for pts with TGA after atrial switch. It is an effective alternative strategy to surgery for relief of baffle obstruction and can be simultaneously employed in the both systemic baffles, and in the PV baffles via transeptal puncture or hybrid approach. After baffle stenting, we observed significant improvement in baffle obstruction gradients and improvement in NYHA class with excellent survival and freedom from re-operation.
Minimum Data Set for EMS Report Form: Historical Development and Future Implications

Report forms are used by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems for documentation of services provided and for self-analysis of EMS functions. Although the EMS Systems Act of 1973 originally intended for the development and implementation of a uniform EMS report form, items recorded on EMS forms vary throughout the United States. We review the governmental sponsored development of a recommended minimum data set (MDS) for EMS forms performed in 1974, and discuss areas of needed investigation regarding data set development and usage. The concepts used to develop the recommended MDS provide a useful resource for review of the purpose and content of one's own EMS report form. However, future data set development and applications should use outcome measure guided data set selection, on-line validation of data item accuracy and recordability, psychometric analysis of the process of form completion, and incorporation of new data entry and storage technology.
Fatigue Life Prediction Under Biaxial FALSTAFF Loading Using Statistical Volume Element Based Multiscale Modeling

This article presents the fatigue life prediction in a cruciform specimen of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy subjected to biaxial FALSTAFF loading. An energy- and slip-based multiscale damage criterion is developed to capture the fatigue crack formation in crystalline metallic materials. In these materials, there are two stages in crack initiation: nucleation of micro cracks and coalescence of micro cracks into major cracks. In the first stage, micro cracks generate from intermetallic particles and extend into surrounding grains. For the FCC crystalline structure, fatigue damage increments in four dependent slip planes are calculated and accumulated to measure micro crack. In the second stage, the micro cracks grow and coalesce into major cracks. Subsequently, a meso-statistical volume element model is developed to represent the microstructure of the material. Finally, a root mean square method is introduced to take into account FALSTAFF loading. Using the root mean square (RMS) method, the loading history for tests is analyzed to determine the RMS maximum and minimum stresses. The multiscale damage criterion, statistical volume element and RMS method were validated using previously conducted fatigue tests on cruciform samples. The fatigue life and crack direction predicted using the developed model correlate well with the experiments.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
CARDIAC OUTPUT IS ALTERED IN FETUSES WITH HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME AND TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES COMPARED TO NORMAL CONTROLS; LESSONS LEARNED FROM FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM

Little is known about fetal combined cardiac output (CCO) across gestation in congenital heart disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to compare CCO in three groups: hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and normal controls. Serial fetal
Oviposition and Feeding Sites of Heliothis zea on Tomato

The preferred ovipositional site for caged Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) adults was the underside of leaflets in the middle plant region, whereas the stem and petiole were least preferred, regardless of region. Mean daily distance traveled by larvae was 10 cm, with periods of greatest activity occurring weeks 1,4, and 5 on tomato. The highest percentage of larvae observed fed on the fruit, followed by the leaflets. After larvae began to feed on fruits, a reduction occurred in the daily distance traveled until week 4, when the number of larvae moving back to the foliage increased before pupation. The mean number of fruit damaged per larva was 3.2. All fruit stages were susceptible to damage. Early instars fed primarily in the calyx area, whereas more mature larvae were capable of feeding on the side and blossom end of the fruit.