cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microcontact printing of DNA molecules.

The controlled placement of DNA molecules onto solid surfaces is the first step in the fabrication of DNA arrays. The sequential deposition of tiny drops containing the probe DNA fragments using arrays of spotting needles or ink jet nozzles has become a standard. However, a caveat of liquid spotting is the drying of the deposited drop because this creates the typical inhomogeneities, i.e., rims around the spot. Another drawback is that each DNA array is an original and has to be fabricated individually. Microcontact printing is a versatile technique to place proteins onto different target surfaces in uniformly patterned monolayers with high lateral resolution. Here, we show for the first time that DNA can also be printed with equally high resolution in the submicrometer range using an elastomeric stamp with chemically tailored surface. Two regimes for the transfer of the molecules were observed. Finally, microcontact printing of an array of DNA probes onto a solid support and its use in a subsequent hybri...
Yeast surface display for protein engineering and characterization.

Yeast surface display is being employed to engineer desirable properties into proteins for a broad variety of applications. Labeling with soluble ligands enables rapid and quantitative analysis of yeast-displayed libraries by flow cytometry, while cell-surface selections allow screening of libraries with insoluble or even as-yet-uncharacterized binding targets. In parallel, the utilization of yeast surface display for protein characterization, including in particular the mapping of functional epitopes mediating protein–protein interactions, represents a significant recent advance.
Advocacy for Counseling and Counselors: A Professional Imperative

Although advocacy both for clients and for the profession is essential for the future of counseling and counselors, advocacy for the profession has received little systematic attention. A national plan for advocacy is needed, the effectiveness of which depends on achieving consensus concerning professional identity, promoting a positive public image, establishing effective intraprofessional and interprofessional collaboration, and obtaining the participation of each counselor in advocacy activities. Specific professional advocacy skills and techniques are described.
Pyrolysis of metallocene complexes (ηC5H4R)2MR: An organometallic route to metal carbide (MC) materials (M = Ti, Zr, Hf)

The following compounds were prepared and their pyrolysis in a stream of argon was studied: (η5-C5H5)2Ti(CCC6H5)2, (η5-C5H4SiMe3)2-Ti(SH)2, [(η5-C5H5)Ti(μ-CH2)]2, (η5-C5H5)2ZrR2-(RCH2, CH2C6H5, N(CH3)2), (η5-C5H4CH3)2-Zr(CCC6H5)2, [(η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Zr(μ-S)]2, [(η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Hf(μ-S)]2 and (η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Hf-(CCC6H5)2. The products of bulk pyrolysis of these materials were formed in 20–40% yield, based on the charged sample weight, and consisted mainly of titanium carbide together with small amounts of amorphous carbon.
On the Flow Through Broad Gaps with Application to the Windward Passage

Abstract The flow through broad passage connecting oceans and marginal seas is examined by a simplified two-layer analytical model. Attention is focused on the flow resulting from the difference between the upper layer depth in the two basis which imposes a pressure gradient along the passage. The land masses separating the ocean from the adjacent marginal sea are represented by two portions of an infinitely long wall extending from the free surface to the bottom of the ocean. The passage, whose width is larger than the deformation radius, is represented by a gap separating the two portions of the wall. The model is frictionless, hydrostatic and nondiffusive but the movements within the gap are not constrained to be quasi-geostrophic in the sense that the local Rossby number is not necessarily small and the interface displacements are of the same order as the upper layer depth. Steady solutions for the upstream and downstream fields are obtained analytically using the momentum equation in an integrated fo...
Optimizing the start time of statin therapy for patients with diabetes.

Background . Clinicians often use validated risk models to guide treatment decisions for cardiovascular risk reduction. The most common risk models for predicting cardiovascular risk are the UKPDS, Framingham, and Archimedes models. In this article, the authors propose a model to optimize the selection of patients for statin therapy of hypercholesterolemia, for patients with type 2 diabetes, using each of the risk models. For each model, they evaluate the role of age, gender, and metabolic state on the optimal start time for statins. Method. Using clinical data from the Mayo Clinic electronic medical record, the authors construct a Markov decision process model with health states composed of cardiovascular events and metabolic factors such as total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins. They use it to evaluate the optimal start time of statin treatment for different combinations of cardiovascular risk models and patient attributes.Results. The authors find that treatment decisions depend on the cardio...
PREFERENCES FOR AND AGAINST STIMULI PAIRED WITH FOOD

Pigeons were presented with a concurrent-chains schedule in which terminal-link entries were assigned to two response keys on a percentage basis. The terminal links were fixed delays that sometimes ended with food and sometimes did not. In most conditions, 80% of the terminal links were assigned to one key, but a smaller percentage of the terminal links ended with food for this key, so the number of food reinforcers delivered by the two alternatives was equal. When the same terminal-link stimuli (orange houselights) were used for both alternatives, the pigeons showed a preference for whichever alternative delivered more frequent terminal links. When different terminal-link stimuli (green vs. red houselights) were used for the two alternatives, the pigeons showed a preference for whichever alternative delivered fewer terminal links when terminal-link durations were long, and no systematic preferences when terminal-link durations were short. This pattern of results was consistent with the predictions of Grace's (1994) contextual choice model. Preference for the alternative that delivered more frequent terminal links was usually stronger in the first few sessions of a condition than at the end of a condition, suggesting that the conditioned reinforcing effect of the additional terminal-link presentation was, in part, transitory.
Solid-state detector for monitoring 14-MeV neutron production

Abstract This paper describes the use of a silicon p-n junction as an alpha monitor for the H2(H3, n1)He4 reaction on the Cockcroft-Walton accelerator. The use of the p-n junction to monitor the proton contribution from the the D-D reaction is also mentioned. Various graphs illustrate alpha and proton pulseheight distributions, their dependence on bias voltage, and the ratio proton pulse height alpha pulse height vs bias voltage . Conclusion are also reported.
Torn earlobe repair.

A variety of techniques have been described in the literature to repair torn earlobes. Some of these methods incorporate the reconstruction of the earring hole during earlobe repair, but many authors still recommend repiercing the earlobe at a later time. The present article is a comprehensive review of the published techniques for earlobe repair. Illustrations are provided to facilitate the description of the different methods and helpful recommendations are listed for a surgical approach to torn earlobes.
A silver cluster-DNA equilibrium.

DNA encapsulates silver clusters, and these hybrid nanomaterials form molecular sensors. We discuss a silver cluster-oligonucleotide sensor with four characteristics. First, a specific reporting cluster forms within a single-stranded DNA. This template uses the 5′ cluster domain CCCCAACTCCTT with different 3′ recognition sites for complementary oligonucleotides. The modular composite strand exclusively forms a cluster with λmax = 400 nm and with low emission. Conjugates were chromatographically purified, and their elemental analysis measured a cluster adduct with ∼11 silver atoms. Second, hybridization transforms the cluster. Size exclusion chromatography shows that the 3′ recognition sites of the single-stranded conjugates hybridize with their complements. This secondary structural change both shifts cluster absorption from 400 to 490 nm and develops emission at 550 nm. Third, cluster size remains intact. Like their violet predecessors, purified blue-green clusters have ∼11 silver atoms. Cluster integrit...
Immunohistochemical distribution of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and lysozyme in human minor salivary glands

The immunofluorescence technique was used to examine the distribution of immunoglobulin A and its subclasses, secretory component (SC), J chain, lactoferrin and lysozyme in labial and lingual (von Ebner's) glands. IgA-containing plasma cells were found in the connective tissue around intercalated or intralobular ducts and a few were noted around acini of both glands. IgA was detected in the apical cytoplasm of intercalated and intralobular duct cells and in acini of von Ebner's glands and in demilunes of labial glands. Most IgA-containing cells also stained for J chain. The ratio of IgA1:IgA2-containing cells was approximately equal in von Ebner's and labial glands. Cytoplasmic and surface membrane-related staining for SC was detected in epithelial cells of the intercalated and intralobular ducts in both glands, in the serous acini of von Ebner's gland, and in the demilunes of labial glands. Lactoferrin was found in serous acini, demilunes, intercalated and intralobular ducts. Lysozyme was found in acinar and intercalated ducts, but was rarely seen in intralobular ducts. These results disclose the presence of cells (plasma cells and epithelial cells) and their products (IgA and secretory component) that indicate the local production of secretory IgA in minor salivary glands.
The Evolution of Public Perceptions of Adenauer as a Historic Leader: Test of a Mathematical Model of Attitude Change

The frequent association of memorable political leaders with formative political events is the source of the classic dispute over whether great men make great events or whether the events are themselves the conditions of great leadership. The long controversy over the role of leaders in history has often fastened on periods of fundamental political change-the creation of new states, major wars, changes of regime. Washington, Bolivar, Cavour, and Nehru are studied as fathers of their countries, Lincoln and Churchill as great war leaders, Lenin and Mao as architects of major revolutions, Ataturk and DeGaulle as founders of new regimes. We are generally aware that such men, regardless of their personal distinctions, might well have escaped the notice of historians, had they lived in normal times; indeed each passed substantial periods of his life as a minor politician, local military commander, occasional writer, or unheeded prophet. We are also aware that the place of such men in history is the product of the interpretation-and reinterpretation-of succeeding generations of historians. On the other hand, we know relatively little about how these men were viewed by their leading contemporaries, less about the attitudes toward them of the general publics of their time, and almost nothing about the development of public attitudes toward them during their lifetime. Only with respect to the political leaders of our own time do we begin to have data which permits us to investigate the development of public perceptions of great leaders. In this way we can fill the gap in our knowledge of the complex and reciprocal relationship between historic political leaders and the members of their political communities who, in following them, gave them the possibility of shaping history. The frequency with which great men are associated with times of fundamental political change has made Max Weber's category of the charismatic leader a beguiling source of explanation for the authority of leaders who appear in abnormal times. In Weber's trinity of sources of legitimate authority, rational and traditional authority are clearly dependent on the existence of political continuity, while charismatic authority is an attribute of the relationship between a leader and his following. Indeed, charismatic authority can be regarded as a residual category in Weber's typology, to provide for the influence of leaders capable of acting against the established legal or traditional order. In Weber's terms, it is "a specifically revolutionary force."1 The appeal of
Smoking and choroidal thickness in patients over 65 with early-atrophic age-related macular degeneration and normals.

Smoking and choroidal thickness in patients over 65 with early-atrophic age-related macular degeneration and normals
Flavor changing supersymmetry interactions in a supernova

Abstract We consider for the first time flavor changing neutral currents (FCNC’s) in the infall stage of stellar collapse. We take as an example R-Parity violating interactions of the minimal standard supersymmetric model involving neutrinos and quarks. However, our considerations extend to other kinds of flavor changing neutrino reactions as well. We examine non-forward neutrino scattering processes on heavy nuclei and free nucleons in the supernova core. This investigation has led to four principal original discoveries/products: (1) first calculation of neutrino flavor changing cross sections for spin 1/2 (e.g., free nucleon) and spin 0 nuclear targets; (2) discovery of nuclear mass number squared (A2) coherent amplification of neutrino-quark FCNC’s; (3) analysis of FCNC-induced alteration of electron capture and weak/nuclear equilibrium in the collapsing core; and (4) generalization of the calculated cross sections (mentioned in 1) for the case of hot heavy nuclei to be used in collapse/supernova and neutrino transport simulations. The scattering processes that we consider allow electron neutrinos to change flavor during core collapse, thereby opening holes in the νe sea, which allows electron capture to proceed and results in a lower core electron fraction Ye. A lower Ye implies a lower homologous core mass, a lower shock energy, and a greater nuclear photo-disintegration burden for the shock. In addition, unlike the standard supernova model, the core now could have net muon and/or tau lepton numbers. These effects could be significant even for supersymmetric couplings below current experimental bounds.
Crossing Boundaries in TimeTrial: Monitoring Communications across Architecturally Diverse Computing Platforms

Time Trial is a low-impact performance monitor that supports streaming data applications deployed on a variety of architecturally diverse computational platforms, including multicore processors and field-programmable gate arrays. Communication between resources in architecturally diverse systems is frequently a limitation to overall application performance. Understanding these bottlenecks is crucial to understanding overall application performance. Direct measurement of inter-resource communications channel occupancy is not readily achievable without significantly impacting performance of the application itself. Here, we present Time Trial's approach to monitoring those queues that cross platform boundaries. Since the approach includes a combination of direct measurement and modeling, we also describe circumstances under which the model can be shown to be inappropriate. Examples with several micro-benchmark applications (for which the true measurement is known) and an application that uses Monte Carlo techniques to solve Lap lace's equation are used for illustrative purposes.
Resilience of a statistical sampling scheme

Abstract Most statistical sampling algorithms on hydrologic random fields assume that the new measurements will agree reasonably well with their predicted values. This in turn implies the stationarity of the estimated covariance function. In order to test the reliability of one such statistical algorithm (i.e., variance reduction analysis), noisy input data are generated, and results of sampling from these data are compared to the case of sampling with the unperturbed data. These comparisons and a related regret analysis reveal that the effects of the noisy data are primarily accommodated by adjustments to the covariance function parameters, while selected sets show a high degree of resilience. Variance reduction analysis seems to be a reliable method for maximizing information by sampling random fields with an unstable parameter space but a resilient action space.
Conserved Residues in the HIV-1 Nef Hydrophobic Pocket are Essential for Recruitment and Activation of the Hck Tyrosine Kinase

The Nef protein of the primate lentiviruses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is essential for high-titer viral replication and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) progression. Nef binds to the macrophage-specific Src family member Hck through its SH3 domain, resulting in constitutive kinase activation capable of transforming rodent fibroblasts. Nef–Hck interaction may be essential for M-tropic HIV replication and AIDS pathogenesis, identifying this virus–host protein complex as a rational target for anti-HIV drug discovery. Here, we investigated whether interaction with Hck is a common feature of Nef alleles from different strains of HIV-1. We compared the ability of four different laboratory HIV-1 Nef alleles (SF2, LAI, ELI, and Consensus) to induce Hck activation and transformation in our Rat-2 fibroblast model. While SF2, LAI, and Consensus Nef all bound and activated Hck, ELI Nef failed to bind to the Hck SH3 domain in vitro and did not cooperate with Hck in fibroblast transformation. Molecular modeling identified three residues in the core region of SF2 Nef (Ala83, His116, and Tyr120) which are substituted in ELI with Glu, Asn, and Ile, respectively. Two of these residues (Ala83 and Tyr120) form part of the hydrophobic pocket that contacts Ile 96 in the RT loop of the Hck SH3 domain in the Nef-SH3 crystal structure. Substitution of SF2 Nef Tyr120 with Ile completely abolished Hck recruitment and activation. In a complementary experiment, substitution of ELI Ile120 with Tyr partly restored ELI Nef-induced Hck activation and transformation in Rat-2 cells. Hck activation increased further by substitution of ELI Glu83 with Ala and Asn116 with His, suggestive of a supportive role for these residues in Hck binding. This study provides the first biological evidence that the HIV-1 Nef hydrophobic pocket is critical to Hck recruitment and activation in vivo. Targeting the Nef hydrophobic pocket with a small molecule may be sufficient to disrupt Nef signaling through Hck in HIV-infected macrophages, slowing disease progression.
Integrating interventions after traumatic brain injury: A synergistic approach to neurorehabilitation

Deficits in attention, processing speed and executive functioning are among the most commonly reported and functionally limiting cognitive impairments among individuals with TBI. Changes in mood can exacerbate cognitive deficits and reduce life quality. Contemporary hierarchical models of cognitive functioning suggest that attention/arousal processes underlie and support higher-order functions. Building on decades of clinical research, a synergistic, integrative approach to neurorehabilitation is described, which combines bottom-up and top-town cognitive interventions in addition to psychotherapeutic interventions for mood. This approach is intended to address directly impairments in both foundational (i.e., attention) and higher-order (i.e., executive functions) processes. Executive dysfunction is addressed in a top-down fashion through the application of a series of problemsolving and emotional regulation modules that teach and integrate strategies that can be generalised across situations with practice. Attention, arousal and information processing are necessary prerequisites of successful higher-order thinking, attention skills, and are addressed in a bottom-up fashion through intensive individualised attention and processing training tasks. Combining top-down and bottom-up approaches within a comprehensive day-treatment programme can effect a synergistic improvement of overall functioning.
1-piperideine as an in vivo precursor of the γ-aminobutyric acid homologue 5-aminopentanoic acid

Intraperitoneal injection of the cyclic imine 1-piperideine in mice resulted in measurable quantities of 5-aminopentanoic acid in brain. 5-Aminopentanoic acid is a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is a weak GABA agonist. 5-Aminopentanoic acid formed in the periphery was ruled out as the source of brain 5-aminopentanoic acid based on the absence of detection in brain following injection of 100 mg/kg of 5-aminopentanoic acid. Deuterium-labeled 1-piperideine was prepared by exchange in deuterated phosphate buffer. Injection of [3.3-2H2]1-piperideine yielded [2.2-2H2]5-aminopentanoic acid in brain. The results are consistent with uptake of 1-piperideine into brain and oxidation of the precursor to 5-aminopentanoic acid. Inhibition of GABA catabolism by pretreatment with aminooxyacetic acid increased brain concentrations of 5-aminopentanoic acid formed from 1-piperideine, suggesting that 5-aminopentanoic acid is an in vivo substrate of 4-aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase.
Correlation of factors predicting intraoperative brain shift with successful resection of malignant brain tumors using image-guided techniques

Abstract Background Intraoperative brain shift may cause inaccuracy of stereotactic image guidance on the basis of preoperatively acquired imaging data. The purpose of our study was to determine whether factors predicting brain shift affect the success of image-guided resection of malignant brain tumors. Methods We retrospectively studied 54 patients who underwent image-guided resections of histopathologically confirmed malignant brain tumors (9 metastases, 45 high-grade gliomas). Precautions were taken during surgery to minimize brain shift, but intraoperative imaging was not performed. The following factors predictive of intraoperative brain shift were assessed: tumor size, periventricular location, patient age, prior surgery or radiation therapy, patient positioning, use of mannitol, and length of operative time. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was obtained in all cases within 48 hours of surgery to assess extent of resection. Results Perioperative mortality was 0% in our series; perioperative morbidity was 3 of 54 patients (5.5%); 1 patient required reoperation for a hematoma, and 2 had transient neurological deficits. Successful resection was accomplished in 93% of tumors less than 30 cm 3 compared with 63.6% of tumors greater than 30 cm 3 ( P = .026, Fisher exact test). This difference was more pronounced for patients with malignant gliomas. However, other factors predictive of intraoperative brain shift were not associated with unsuccessful resection. Conclusions Intraoperative brain shift does not significantly affect the likelihood of successful resection of malignant brain tumors smaller than 30 cm 3 . Larger tumors are less likely to be successfully resected, although factors other than brain shift can contribute to unsuccessful resection.
Efficiency of algorithms for Kohn-Sham density functional theory

Abstract Recent developments in numerical methods for computing Kohn-Sham electronic structure have substantially increased the sizes of systems which can be studied. In addition to fast Car-Parinello and conjugate gradient algorithms, there have been several innovative proposals aimed at achieving order N scaling in computer time, where N is the number of atoms in the cell. These developments demand a better understanding of the convergence properties of different numerical approaches to Kohn-Sham density functional calculations. In particular the non-linearities of the Kohn-Sham equations lead to non-trivial dependence of convergence times on the system size. The number of iterations required to converge the self-consistent Kohn-Sham equations is shown to grow like N 2 3 for insulators and like N for metals. If each iteration can be carried out in order N time, the total computational effort to solve a given system will thus scale like N 5 3 or N2 for insulators or metals respectively. A similar analysis of conjugate gradient minimization methods shows that, in the worst case, of order O(N 1 3 ) energy and gradient evaluations are needed to converge the energy. Only in insulating systems which are “Wannier representable” (WR) is the number of iterations of O(1), allowing true order N calculations. A different approach, based upon conjugate gradient minimization with respect to variations in the single particle potential rather than the wave functions, is also found to scale like N 1 3 for insulators and scales as N for metals. Slower scaling with N will also be found in systems in which one dimension of the unit cell is much longer than the others, or for metals where the Fermi energy lies close to a van Hove singularity. These results are quite independent of calculational details, such as choice of basis set, but simply follow from the scaling with N of the relevant Jacobian or Hessian matrices.
Glutamate receptor expression in schizophrenic brain

Glutamatergic dysfunction has been suggested as a possible substrate of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Of the multiple glutamate receptors, those most commonly implicated in schizophrenia are the ionotropic subtypes, the NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors. The expression of the glutamate receptors has been determined at multiple levels of gene expression in postmortem brain samples from schizophrenics and controls; while results have not been entirely consistent from study to study, several generalizations have emerged from this literature: (1) The AMPA receptor is abnormally decreased in expression in the schizophrenic hippocampus, involving decreased levels of subunit transcripts and protein levels, as well as binding sites, (2) similar changes are seen for kainate receptor expression in the hippocampus, and (3) the obligate NMDA receptor subunit, NMDAR1, may be abnormally expressed in some cortical regions in schizophrenia. These data support the hypothesis of abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission involving the ionotropic glutamate receptors in schizophrenia.
SOCIAL NORMS, INFLATION AND STABILIZATION

This study presents a socio-economic game of inflation and distributive conflict where inflation is derived from, and stabilization is implemented via, social norms. We apply the `Theory of Social Situations' (Greenberg 1990) to contrast rational choice outcomes predicted by Nash equilibrium vs those derived as social norms under our normative criteria (von Neumann-Morgenstern stability). We then analyze `heterodox' stabilization policies, which seek to address both the economic and sociological criteria for stabilization. Our conclusion is that social pacts constitute a viable normative approach to stabilization because they address the social conflict underlying chronic inflation in order to derive stabilizing norms.
Genome organization ofPhytophthora megasperma f.sp.glycinea

Abstract The genome organization of the soybean pathogenPhytophthora megasperma f.sp.glycinea (Pmg) was characterized. The GC content ofPmg nuclear DNA was estimated to be 48% by melting temperature analysis. DNA reassociation kinetics using S1 nuclease digestion were used to estimate the genome size. Assuming three sequence complexity classes, the haploid genome ofPmg was estimated to be 6.2 × 107 bp in size. The single-copy component was estimated to be 47% of the genome, with two repetitive classes composing 35 and 15%, and the foldback 3% of the genome. Genomic reconstruction hybridization was performed to confirm the genome size estimate. Two random single-copy sequences were cloned and mixed with the total genomic DNA at ratios corresponding to a range of possible genome sizes. The hybridization signals from the genomic DNA and cloned DNA were then compared. The results confirmed the estimate from reassociation analysis.
Verdampfungsmessung an Tropfen im submikroskopischen Bereich

Um die Feuchteaufnahme von Tropfen oder Feststoff-Teilchen zu bestimmen, werden diese elektrisch geladen und in einem elektrischen Kondensator frei schwebend aufgehangt. Aus der zur Stabilisierung notwendigen Hohe einer Wechselspannung wird das Verhaltnis Ladung/Masse direkt bestimmt. Weiterhin werden mehrere Ver-fahren zur Massebestimmung erlautert.
Electron Microscopic Investigations of Pyramidal Structures formed on the Surfaces of Electrodeposited Nickel

IN a previous communication1, we reported the development of various structures on the growing surfaces of electrodeposited nickel, using electron microscopy. The deposits examined were obtained by electrodepositing nickel, mainly on polycrystalline copper foils, at a current density of 10 m.amp/cm2 from a Watt's type of bath at a temperature of 25°C. Deposition times of about 1 and 120 min were used for most of the work. The presence of growth features, such as sub-grain structures formed at an early stage and microcavities formed at an advanced stage of deposition, led us to believe that internal stresses associated with dislocations and other structural defects play an important part in the growth of cathodic crystals. Recently, we have observed by electron microscopy the development of pyramidal structures at intermediate times of deposition from the same baths and at the same deposition conditions as used previously. In this communication, results on the development of these structures are presented.
Multimedia wireless networking

Rajeev Jam, Abeer Aiwan,MarioGerla, Len Kleinrock, John Villasenor,Ben Beizer, Walter Boring, Steve Molloy, Sean Nazareth, Marcio Siqueira, Joel Short, Jack TsaiSchool of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of California, Los Angeles*ABSTRACTCurrent wireless network systems (e.g. metropolitan cellular) are constrained by fixed bandwidth allocations and support only anarrow range of services (voice and low bit-rate data). To overcome these constraints and advance the state of the art in wirelessmultimedia communications, we are developing variable-rate video and speech compression algorithms, and wireless node archi-tectures that will enable peer-to-peer multimedia networking even with very low bandwidth.To support this objective, each wireless node must support new applications (for multimedia), advances in networking and sourcecoding to support multimedia under limited bandwidth conditions (wireless), advances in physical layer design to support robust,low power, high packet throughput links, low power DSP for multimedia compression, and an architectural strategy to integratethese components into an efficient node. The algorithms and architectures to support this functionality are presented here,together with some preliminary results on network performance.Keywords: multimedia networking, wireless systems1. ITTRODUCTIONCurrent wireless systems (e.g. metropolitan cellular) are constrained by fixed bandwidth allocations, fixed network configura-tions, and reliance on a tethered infrastructure. In addition, existing systems support only a narrow range of services (voice andlow bit-rate data). To overcome these constraints and advance the state of the art in wireless multimedia communications, we aredeveloping new multimedia applications, video/speech compression and network control algorithms, and wireless node architec-tures that will enable peer-to-peer multimedia networking amongst an arbitrary grouping of mobile nodes. To support this objec-tive, each wireless node must support the functionality shown in Fig. 1, i.e. new applications (for multimedia), advances innetworking to support mobility and multimedia under limited bandwidth conditions (wireless), advances in physical layer designto support robust, low power, high packet throughput links, low power DSP for multimedia compression, and an architecturalstrategy to integrate these components into an efficient node.The algorithms and architectures to support this functionality are pre-sented below, together with some preliminary results on network performance.2. ALGORITHMS
Vibrational spectroscopy using HREELS of benzene adsorbed on the Rh(111) crystal surface

Abstract High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) have been used to study the structure of adsorbed benzene (C 6 H 6 and C 6 D 6 ) monolayers on the Rh(111) surface at 300K. A surface bonding geometry is proposed for benzene adsorbed to give a c(2✓3×4) rectangular structure, which involves very little perturbation of the molecular structure with the ring plane parallel to the surface. Only one chemical environment for adsorbed benzene is indicated by a single frequency shift of the symmetric CH out-of-plane bending mode. The adsorption site is tentatively assigned to benzene centered over a single Rh atom.
Cognitive certainty and affective neutrality as a function of stimulus homogeneity-heterogeneity

Edwards & Ostrom (1971) demonstrated that homogeneous vs heterogeneous descriptions yield differential cognitive responses but nondifferentiated affective responses. The relevance of their findings to attraction theory was explored, and the generality of their methodology was extended. With a sample of 54 Ss, it was found that attraction responses were not different across the four stimulus conditions but that cognitive responses differentiated homogeneous adjectival descriptions from those which were moderately homogeneous, balanced, or heterogeneous in both a between-Ss (p <.01) and a within-Ss (p <.05) design.
Prospective analysis of lung-to-head ratio predicts survival for patients with prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Abstract Background: Accurate prenatal prediction of outcome for fetuses who have congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is very difficult. The authors previously reported a retrospective analysis of risk factors for fetal CDH and proposed a new index of severity: the lung-to-head ratio (LHR). The authors now report a prospective study to test whether this new index predicts neonatal outcome. Methods: Fifteen patients who had left-sided CDH were sonographically evaluated at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and followed prenatally and postnatally. LHR was measured at 24 to 26 weeks' gestation. Outcome variables included survival and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Results: Overall survival was 47%. LHR ranged from 0.62 to 1.86. No patient with an LHR of less than 1.0 (n = 3) survived despite ECMO, whereas all patients with an LHR greater than 1.4 survived (n = 4), one requiring ECMO. LHR values between 1.0 to 1.4 were associated with 38% survival (n = 8), 75% requiring ECMO. Overall, survivors had a mean LHR of 1.4 ± 0.33 and nonsurvivors, 1.05 ± 0.3 ( P Conclusion: The LHR is a useful index to help predict neonatal outcome in patients who have left-sided CDH.
Hydrous carbonates on Mars?: Evidence from Mariner 6/7 infrared spectrometer and ground-based telescopic spectra

Absorption features at 2.28 and 5.4 micrometers identified in Mariner 6/7 infrared spectrometer and terrestrial telescopic spectra are consistent with the spectra of hydrous magnesium carbonates such as hydromagnesite and artinite. Spectral characteristics of these hydrous carbonates are different from those of the anhydrous carbonates, as the former do not have the strong spectral features typically associated with anhydrous carbonates such as calcite and siderite. Theoretical mixing indicates that, depending on the type of hydrous carbonate, 10-20 wt % can be incorporated into the regolith without contradicting the spectral observations or the Viking x ray fluorescence chemical analysis. Hydrous carbonates form as weathering products of mafic minerals in the presence of H2O and CO2, even in the Antarctic. Their formation as evaporite minerals from either original magmas or hydrothermally altered rocks is consistent with the Martian environment, provided liquid water is or has been at least transiently present. On Earth, formation of hydrous Mg carbonates is associated with the production of amorphous iron oxides, which is consistent with both the environment and the inferred surface mineralogy of Mars. These minerals are about 60 wt % H2O, CO3, and OH; if they are abundant everywhere at the 10% level, then about 6% of the surface weight could be volatiles bound in this type of mineral. Although the spectroscopic evidence for anhydrous carbonates is scant, the possible presence of hydrous carbonates provides an appealing mechanism for the existence of carbonates on Mars.
Quantitative Analysis of Animal Vocal Phonology: an Application to Swamp Sparrow Song

Sound spectrograms have been a traditional method for comparing animal vocalizations and demonstrating their similarities or differences, but quantification of the comparative process has been difficult. This lack of quantification has hindered progress in documenting the timing and degree of song development in song birds. With this in mind, computer-based methods for sound comparison and sound averaging were developed. These methods utilize a numerical representation of a sound's frequency-time structure to compute a similarity value between any two sounds and an average sound spectrogram for a set of sounds. These analytical techniques were applied to an analysis of song notes of the swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana). The results demonstrate the usefulness of the methods and reveal new details in the description of the swamp sparrow's set of species-universal note types and in the decrease of note variability during the course of developmental transitions from subsong, through plastic song to song crystallization.
Foliar nutrient status of field grown tissue cultured and budded Apple trees

Abstract Nutrient concentrations in leaves of self‐rooted apple trees propagated by tissue culture (TC) were compared to the same cultivars budded on seedling, MM 106, and M.26 rootstock planted at two sites, Beltsville, MD and Kearneysville, WV. Leaf samples were monitored annually for 3 years after planting for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, B, Zn and Al from ‘Ozark Gold’ and ‘Stayman’ apples at both sites and ‘Northern Spy’ at Beltsville only. Leaf K and Mn concentrations tended to be higher in trees on M.26 and MM 106, while Ca was higher in TC or seedling trees. Foliar Mg was lower in trees budded on MM 106. Variation in P concentrations was greatest over years, while leaf N and Fe displayed only slight variation among rootstocks. Leaf B and Zn did not exhibit any consistent trends and Cu and Al were not affected by year, rootstock, cultivar or site.
Society And Space: Colonialism, Nationalism, And Postcolonial Identity In Sri Lanka

Introduction * European Expansion: The Construction Of Ceylon A New Perception of the World: Portuguese Organization of the Indian Ocean Space and Colombo A System of States and Empires: The British Conquest of Kandy and the Construction of Ceylon A Single World Economy and Eurocentric Culture: The Integration of Ceylon into European Economic and Cultural Systems * Decolonizing Ceylon: Sri Lankan Reactions To Colonialism And Capitalism Indigenizing Colonial Space: Ceylonese Adaptations to the Colonial System Nationalizing Ceylon: Nationalist-Socialist Transformations of Sri Lanka Beyond the Postcolonial: The Reorganization of Sri Lanka and the New World Regions in the 1980s Conclusions
Molecular markers in stored kidneys using perfluorocarbon-based preservation solution: preliminary results.

Abstract Background Delayed graft function (DGF) is a problem in kidney transplantation and cold ischemia has been identified as a risk factor. Perfluorocarbons (PFC) have an enhanced ability to dissolve and release oxygen. We evaluated histologically and a number of molecular changes induced by ischemia in stored kidneys with University of Wisconsin (UW) and PFC-based preservation solutions (PFC-UW). Materials and methods ACI rats were used as kidney donors. UW (control group) or PFC-UW (study group) preservation solutions were used for kidney perfusion. All kidneys were stored at 4°C for 12, 24, and 36 hours. After this time, intragraft histologic evaluation as well as mRNA HO-1 and iNOS levels were also analyzed. Results In the kidneys stored at 24 hours, mRNA HO-1 levels were elevated in the study group when compared with the control and mRNA iNOS was decreased. Conclusion We observed overexpression of HO-1 and underexpression of iNOS in the kidney tissue stored with PFC-UW solution at 24 hours. These preliminary data suggest that increasing oxygen delivery by PFC added to the perfusion solution triggers cytoprotective mechanism in kidney transplantation.
Foods Provoking and Alleviating Symptoms in Gastroparesis: Patient Experiences

Nutritional counseling for gastroparesis focuses on reduction of meal size, fiber, and fat to control symptoms. The tolerance of gastroparesis patients for particular foods is largely anecdotal. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize foods provoking or alleviating gastroparesis symptoms. Gastroparesis patients completed: (1) Demographic Questionnaire; (2) Patient Assessment of Upper GI Symptoms; (3) Food Toleration and Aversion survey asking patients about experiences when eating certain foods utilizing a scale from −3 (greatly worsening symptoms) to +3 (greatly improving symptoms). Descriptive qualities (acidic, fatty, spicy, roughage-based, bitter, salty, bland, and sweet) were assigned to foods. Forty-five gastroparesis patients participated (39 idiopathic gastroparesis). Foods worsening symptoms included: orange juice, fried chicken, cabbage, oranges, sausage, pizza, peppers, onions, tomato juice, lettuce, coffee, salsa, broccoli, bacon, and roast beef. Saltine crackers, jello, and graham crackers moderately improved symptoms. Twelve additional foods were tolerated by patients (not provoking symptoms): ginger ale, gluten-free foods, tea, sweet potatoes, pretzels, white fish, clear soup, salmon, potatoes, white rice, popsicles, and applesauce. Foods provoking symptoms were generally fatty, acidic, spicy, and roughage-based. The foods shown to be tolerable were generally bland, sweet, salty, and starchy. This study identified specific foods that worsen as well as foods that may help alleviate symptoms of gastroparesis. Foods that provoked symptoms differed in quality from foods that alleviated symptoms or were tolerable. The results of this study illustrate specific examples of foods that aggravate or improve symptoms and provide suggestions for a gastroparesis diet.
Adaptational Significance of the Patterns of Ophiuroid Development

There is only limited information on ophiuroid developmental patterns, larvae being known for only 4% of the 2000 living ophiuroids. Three modes of development are distinguished (planktotrophic, direct, abbreviated) on the basis of egg size and number, larval form and life span, and post-larval size. This generalization is applied to an analysis of the larval form(s) of deep-sea ophiuroids and the ancestral ophiuroid larva. Quantitative information on rate of development and reproductive period, which has been lacking for viviparous ophiuroids, is presented for Axiognathus ( = Amphipholis) squamatus on the basis of original size-frequency data. Reproduction is seasonal in the population studied and development to metamorphosis takes no longer than for planktotrophic species though the brooding period ranges from 3 to 7 months. Additional data indicate post-larvae of planktotrophic species have fewer arm segments than newly-hatched viviparous young, supporting the hypothesis that large size of juveniles is characteristic and selectively advantageous for viviparous ophiuroids.
Generalized coinsertion and standard multitableaux

We extend the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth insertion procedure to tableaux over totally ordered sets and establish a correspondence from the set of monomials of certain types to the set of tableaux over totally ordered sets. It turns out that for the two dimensional case the said correspondence is bijective and for dimension greater than two, it is injective and the image of the set of monomials properly contain the set of standard tableaux. As a consequence we prove that the Straightening Law of Doubilet-Rota-Stein is not valid in the case of higher dimensional matrices.
Transfer Student Graduation Efficiency and University Administrators: New Bedfellows

Accountability is an important focus for nearly all-public higher education institutions. In 1997 the Washington State Legislature mandated an accountability measure designed to encourage public universities to increase student efficiency toward graduation. This accountability measure is assessed by a formula called the Graduation Efficiency Index. This qualitative study details the Graduation Efficiency Index's conception and ramifications for public higher education institutions. It further examines university administrators' perceptions of the Graduation Efficiency Index and transfer students' impact on the ability of three public institutions to meet mandated accountability goals. We include implications for practice.
Degenerate weighted Stirling numbers

Abstract We define the degenerate weighted Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds, S 1 ( n , k , λ ∥ θ ) and S ( n , k , λ ∥ θ ). By specializing λ and θ we can obtain the Stirling numbers, the weighted Stirling numbers and the degenerate Stirling numbers. Basic properties of S 1 ( n , k , λ ∥ θ ) and S ( n , k , λ ∥ θ ), such as recurrence formulas and combinatorial interpretations, are presented, and a theorem which relates S 1 ( n , k , λ ∥ θ ) and S ( n , k , λ ∥ θ ) to each other, and to other special numbers, is proved. This theorem provides a unified approach to a number of special cases which have recently appeared in the literature.
A hierarchical methodology for the mesoscale assessment of building integrated roof solar energy systems

Abstract Buildings and other engineered structures that form cities are responsible for a significant portion of the global and local impacts of climate change. Consequently, the installation of building integrated renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic or solar thermal systems on building rooftops is being widely investigated. Although the advantages for individual buildings have been studied, as yet there is little understanding of the potential benefits of urban scale implementation of such systems. Here we report the development of a new methodology for assessing the potential capacity and benefits of installing rooftop photovoltaic systems in an urbanized area. Object oriented image analysis and geographical information systems are combined with remote sensing image data to quantify the rooftop area available for solar energy applications and a renewable energy computer simulation is included to predict the potential benefits of urban scale photovoltaic system implementation. The new methodology predicts energy generation potential that can be utilized to meet Arizona’s Renewable Portfolio Standard 2025 renewable energy generation requirements.
More on public information and stock price

Abstract In a recent issue of this journal [2] McCain and Millar examined whether “favorable” and unfavorable” stock analyses appearing in the Wall Street Journal column “Heard on the Street” could be used to predict one-day, seven-day, and six-month price movements of the affected stocks. In this note we question the conclusions of that study based upon methodological grounds.