cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Virtual machine security

In the present article we have described the security of the virtual machine (VM). The virtual environment is not fully risk-proof. Various features of the virtual platform originate from the possibilities of threats. We have depicted how those threats affect the deployment of a VM in the cloud computing. Proper techniques to construct a novel defense mechanism for virtualisation have also been discussed. We need to follow some appropriate habits for deploying and using VM. In this article, those prescribed practices have also been elucidated.
Phase IV: Late Reconstruction – Abdominal/Chest Wall Closure

Damage control laparotomy is a mainstay of trauma surgery. The physiologic consequences of multiple devastating injuries often preclude definitive management of every injury at the index operation. The threat of intra-abdominal hypertension and the possibility of abdominal compartment syndrome in the context of an abdomen closed under tension make primary abdominal closure at initial laparotomy untenable for some patients [1–5]. The most desirable outcome for the patient would be primary or delayed primary closure during the index hospitalization.
The Liver Recipient with Acute Renal Dysfunction: A Single Institution Evaluation of the Simultaneous Liver‐Kidney Transplant Candidate

The Organ Procurement Transplant Network (OPTN) listing criteria for simultaneous liver-kidney transplant (SLK) are not well defined. Concerns remain about rising numbers of SLKs, which divert quality kidneys from candidates awaiting kidney transplants (KT). We performed a retrospective review of liver transplants (LTs) at our center from 2004 to 2014; 127 recipients (liver transplant alone; 102 LTA, 25 SLK) were identified with short-term preoperative kidney dysfunction (creatinine >4 mg/dL or preoperative hemodialysis [HD] for <6 weeks). Both cohorts had comparable baseline demographic characteristics with the exception of higher model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score in the LTA group (41.4 vs 32.9, P < .0001) and higher incidence of pre-LT diabetes in the SLK cohort (52% vs 26.5%, P = .0176). Duration of pre-LT HD was higher in SLK recipients, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .39). Renal nonrecovery (RNR) rate in LTA cohort was low (<5%). No significant difference was noted in 1-year mortality, liver graft rejection/failure, or length of stay (LOS) between the cohorts. Thus, it appears that liver recipients with short-term (<6 weeks) HD or AKI without HD have comparable outcomes between LTA and SLK. With provisions for a KT safety net, as proposed by OPTN, LTA may be the most adequate option for these patients.
DNA SYNTHESIS AND CHROMOSOMAL MORPHOLOGY OF CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS CULTURED IN MEDIA CONTAINING N-DEACETYL-N-METHYLCOLCHICINE (COLCEMID) 1

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the DNA synthesis and chromosomal morphology of Chinese hamster cells cultured in media containing N-deacetyl-N-methylcolchicine (Colcemid). Colcemid and the parent compound colchicine have been used in cytogenetics for many years. Almost all chromosomal studies of mammalian tissue culture cells employ one of these drugs to arrest metaphase. However, in spite of widespread use, careful studies of the many effects of these drugs in mammalian tissue culture systems are sparse in the literature. The chapter presents a study in which a careful analysis of a time-lapse film showing the effects of Colcemid on the mitotic index of a culture was made. All the studies reported here were made with a male diploid cell line designated as strain “Don” grown in McCoy's medium 5a supplemented with 20 per cent fetal calf serum. Stocks were maintained as monolayer cultures and were routinely sub-cultured by trypsinization every 2 or 3 days. Time-lapse motion pictures were taken using cultures grown in T-30 flasks modified to permit phase-contrast microscopy. In the observed field, 163 cells could be studied throughout the duration of the first metaphase. The number of mitotic cells increased rapidly for about 8 h and then more slowly until about 15 h, when about half of the cells were in metaphase. As the metaphase cells returned to interphase, the mitotic index dropped. By 45 h, all of the cells examined had succeeded in circumventing the mitotic inhibitor and had returned to the interphase state.
High Critical Field Superconductors

A summary of recent studies in high field superconductors is presented including high Tc, s-W compounds, ternary lead molybdenum chalcogenides, high Tc oxides, and anisotropic superconductors.
Association between serum vitamin D levels and cardiorespiratory fitness in the adult population of the USA.

AimsThe small number of studies that have investigated the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have reported conflicting results. We investigated the association between vitamin D levels and CRF in a representative sample of the US population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (2001–2004).MethodsWe included participants between the ages of 20 and 49 years and excluded those with vitamin D levels at the 5% extremes of the distribution. We used survey-weighted linear regression without and with adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, and glomerular filtration rate to examine the relationship between the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) (as a surrogate for CRF) and vitamin D levels.ResultsOf the 1995 participants, 45.2% were women, 49.1% were white, 13% had hypertension, and 4% had diabetes. The mean ± SD age was 33 ± 8.6 years, with a mean ± SD vitamin D level of 58 ...
Autonomous flying blimp interaction with human inan indoor space

We present the Georgia Tech Miniature Autonomous Blimp (GT-MAB), which is designed to support human-robot interaction experiments in an indoor space for up to two hours. GT-MAB is safe while flying in close proximity to humans. It is able to detect the face of a human subject, follow the human, and recognize hand gestures. GT-MAB employs a deep neural network based on the single shot multibox detector to jointly detect a human user’s face and hands in a real-time video stream collected by the onboard camera. A human-robot interaction procedure is designed and tested with various human users. The learning algorithms recognize two hand waving gestures. The human user does not need to wear any additional tracking device when interacting with the flying blimp. Vision-based feedback controllers are designed to control the blimp to follow the human and fly in one of two distinguishable patterns in response to each of the two hand gestures. The blimp communicates its intentions to the human user by displaying visual symbols. The collected experimental data show that the visual feedback from the blimp in reaction to the human user significantly improves the interactive experience between blimp and human. The demonstrated success of this procedure indicates that GT-MAB could serve as a flying robot that is able to collect human data safely in an indoor environment.
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic cancers (1). The majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease and consequently have a poor prognosis (1). Despite progress in surgical approaches and chemotherapeutic regimens for ovarian cancer during the last several decades, 5-yr survival rates remain essentially unchanged at 30% (2). Due to the difficulty in treating advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma, increased attention is now focused on preventing this devastating disease. This chapter discusses problems that have hindered chemoprevention efforts as well as some recent advances that may provide solutions.
Circulating tumor DNA as an early cancer detection tool.

Abstract Circulating tumor DNA holds substantial promise as an early detection biomarker, particularly for cancers that do not have currently accepted screening methodologies, such as ovarian, pancreatic, and gastric cancers. Many features intrinsic to ctDNA analysis may be leveraged to enhance its use as an early cancer detection biomarker: including ctDNA fragment lengths, DNA copy number variations, and associated patient phenotypic information. Furthermore, ctDNA testing may be synergistically used with other multi-omic biomarkers to enhance early detection. For instance, assays may incorporate early detection proteins (i.e., CA-125), epigenetic markers, circulating tumor RNA, nucleosomes, exosomes, and associated immune markers. Many companies are currently competing to develop a marketable early cancer detection test that leverages ctDNA. Although some hurdles (like early stage disease assay accuracy, high implementation costs, confounding from clonal hematopoiesis, and lack of clinical utility studies) need to be addressed before integration into healthcare, ctDNA assays hold substantial potential as an early cancer screening test.
Evaluation of fosaprepitant-associated hypersensitivity reactions at a National Cancer Center:

IntroductionAt our institution, an increased incidence of hypersensitivity reactions was reported following standardization of fosaprepitant as the preferred agent for the prophylaxis of chemothera...
Nonlinear analysis of a geared rotor system supported by fluid film journal bearings

Abstract This paper presents a novel approach for modeling and analyzing a geared rotor-bearing system including nonlinear forces in the gear set and the supporting fluid film journal bearings. The rotordynamics system model has five degrees of freedom that define the transverse displacements of the shaft-gear centerlines and the relative displacement of the gear tooth contact point. The journal bearing nonlinear forces are obtained via a solution of Reynolds equation for lubricant film pressure utilizing the finite element method. Co-existing, steady-state, autonomous and non-autonomous responses are obtained in an accurate and computationally efficient manner utilizing the multiple shooting and continuation algorithms. This yields the full manifolds of the multiple bifurcation system. Chaos is identified with maximum Lyapunov exponents, frequency spectra, Poincare attractors, etc. The results reveal a dependence of the gear set contact conditions and system nonlinear response characteristics, i.e. jump, co-existing responses, subharmonic resonances and chaos on the choice of journal bearing parameters. The results also show that Hopf bifurcations, which occur along with oil whirl in a journal bearing system, can be attenuated by increasing the gear torque.
Autoignition behavior of gasoline/ethanol blends at engine-relevant conditions

Abstract Ethanol is an attractive oxygenate increasingly used for blending with petroleum-derived gasoline yielding beneficial combustion and emissions behavior for a range of internal combustion engine schemes, including stoichiometric spark-ignition and low temperature combustion (LTC). As such, it is important to fundamentally understand the autoignition behavior of gasoline/ethanol blends. This work utilizes a rapid compression machine (RCM) and a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine to experimentally quantify changes in fuel reactivity, through ignition delay times and preliminary heat release, for blends of 0 to 30% vol./vol. into a full boiling range research gasoline (FACE-F). Diluted/stoichiometric and undiluted/fuel-lean conditions are explored covering a wide range of compressed temperatures and pressures relevant to conventional and advanced, gasoline combustion engines. Detailed chemical kinetic modeling is undertaken using a recently updated gasoline surrogate model in conjunction with a five-component surrogate to model the RCM experiments and provide chemical insight into the perturbative effects of ethanol on the autoignition process. The diluted/stoichiometric RCM measurements reveal that within the low-temperature regime ethanol retards first-stage and main ignition delay times, and suppresses both the rates and extents of low-temperature heat release (LTHR), while within the intermediate-temperature regime ethanol only causes slight changes. Good agreement of ignition delay time and preliminary heat release prediction is found between model and experimental results. Sensitivity and flux analyses further show that ethanol blending effects are dominated by the competition between the H-atom abstraction from ethanol and other fuel components by OH radical at low temperatures, and by HO2 radical at intermediate temperatures. These findings are consistent across both fuel loading conditions explored in this study. In addition, when HCCI engine experiments are mapped onto undiluted/lean RCM measurements under a constant combustion phasing scenario, good correspondence between the two apparatuses is observed for LTHR and start of high-temperature heat release. The current study highlights the importance of characterizing LTHR in predicting fuel behaviors in high-boost/low-temperature engines, and demonstrates that RCM experiments can provide an alternative, and more-efficient avenue for such characterization.
A CBT Approach to Internalized Racism among African Americans

This article presents a CBT approach to internalized racial oppression among African American clients. Cognitive conceptualization and treatment planning using CBT are illustrated through a case study, followed by a discussion on the generalizability of a proposed cognitive model of internalized racism to other marginalized populations. The article concludes with a discussion of further implications for practice, including those for social justice advocacy.
Engaging Parents, Family and the Community for Improving Educational Outcomes for 3rd-5th Grade English Learner Children: A First-year Program Implementation

The purpose of this study was to assess the increase of Latino parents’ confidence in advocating and supporting their child’s schooling. The intervention was implemented in six public independent s...
Selective linearization for multi-block statistical learning

Abstract We consider the problem of minimizing a sum of several convex non-smooth functions and discuss the selective linearization method (SLIN), which iteratively linearizes all but one of the functions and employs simple proximal steps. The algorithm is a form of multiple operator splitting in which the order of processing partial functions is not fixed, but rather determined in the course of calculations. SLIN is globally convergent for an arbitrary number of component functions without artificial duplication of variables. We report results from extensive numerical experiments in two statistical learning settings such as large-scale overlapping group Lasso and doubly regularized support vector machine. In each setting, we introduce novel and efficient solutions for solving sub-problems. The numerical results demonstrate the efficacy and accuracy of SLIN.
Self-Paced, Instructor-Assisted Approach to Teaching Linear Algebra

In this paper we explain why we decided to abandon the traditional classroom instruction of Linear Algebra and switched to a self-paced, instructor-assisted course format. We also describe our experience with creating a self-paced course in NCLab, and with teaching it at a tier-1 research university for three consecutive semesters. The results of a student survey and student comments are presented.
Diverse Sexual Behaviors in Undergraduate Students: Findings From a Campus Probability Survey.

ABSTRACT Background Probability-based surveys of college students typically assess sexual behaviors such as oral, vaginal, and anal sex. Little is known about the broader range of sexual behaviors in which students engage. Aims In a random sample survey of undergraduate students, we aimed to: (1) describe how recently participants had engaged in solo and partnered sexual behaviors, (2) examine how frequently participants enacted certain rough sex sexual behaviors (e.g., light spanking, hard spanking, choking, slapping, and others), (3) assess participants’ frequency of experiencing certain rough sex behaviors, (4) describe participants’ frequency of threesome/group sex, (5) assess the characteristics of participants’ experiences with choking during sex; and (6) examine choking and face slapping in regard to consent. Methods A confidential, online cross-sectional survey of 4,989 randomly sampled undergraduate students at a large U.S. university. Outcomes Participants reported having engaged in a broad range of solo and partnered sexual activities, including rough sex behaviors. Results The most prevalent general sexual behaviors were solo masturbation (88.6%), oral sex (79.4% received, 78.4% performed), penile-vaginal intercourse (73.5%), and partnered masturbation (71.1%). Anal intercourse was the least prevalent of these behaviors (16.8% received, 25.3% performed). Among those with any partnered sexual experience, 43.0% had choked a partner, 47.3% had been choked, 59.1% had been lightly spanked and 12.1% had been slapped on the face during sex. Clinical translation College health clinicians and educators need to be aware of the diverse and evolving range of solo and partnered sexual behaviors reported by students. In addition to counseling students about pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection risk, clinicians might assess patients’ engagement in diverse sexual behaviors, such as choking/strangulation during sex, given the risk for serious outcomes including death. Strengths and limitations Strengths of our research include the large sample size, use of random sampling, high response rate for college populations, broad range of behaviors assessed, and novel data on choking during sex. Among our limitations, we did not assess to what extent the experiences were wanted, pleasurable, or appealing to participants. Except for in relation to choking and slapping, we also did not assess issues of consent. Conclusion Participants reported engaging in diverse sexual behaviors, some of which have important clinical implications, are understudied, and warrant further research. Herbenick D, Patterson C, Beckmeyer J, et al. Diverse Sexual Behaviors in Undergraduate Students: Findings From a Campus Probability Survey. J Sex Med 2021;18:1024–1041.
Abstract LB154: A potent human CAR NK cell therapy directed against pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer with a 5-year overall survival rate of 9%, routinely presenting as a late-stage incurable cancer that responds only modestly to standard chemotherapy. It is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Approximately 60-80% of PC express prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), as do gastric, bladder, prostate and some lung cancers. We therefore developed a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) directed against PSCA for transduction into human natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells spontaneously kill both liquid and solid tumors without regards to expression of MHC self-antigens. In vivo, human NK cells utilize endogenous IL-15 to develop, survive, expand and activate against tumor cells. We therefore incorporated a soluble (s), secretable form of IL-15 into the PSCA CAR construct itself, followed by transduction into human NK cells obtained from umbilical cord blood with ~50% transduction efficiency. Transduced NK cells expressed the CAR directed against PSCA and secreted measurable amounts of human IL-15 protein in vitro. The PSCA CAR NK cells could be expanded ex vivo over 1,000-fold in approximately 16 days and retain their expression and their capacity to specificity kill PSCA(+) tumor cell targets in vitro. Indeed, when directed against the PSCA(+) human pancreatic tumor cell line (Capan-1), PSCA CAR NK cells produced significantly greater TNFα (P Citation Format: Kun-Yu Teng, Anthony Mansour, Zhu Zheng, Lei Tien, Yi Zheng, Zhiyao Li, Jianying Zhang, Saul J. Priceman, Michael A. Caligiuri, Jianhua Yu. A potent human CAR NK cell therapy directed against pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB154.
The Effect of A1/A2 Reactive Astrocyte Expression on Hydrocephalus Shunt Failure

Understanding the composition characteristics of the glial scar contributing to the high failure rate of neuroprosthetic devices implanted in the brain has been limited, to date, with the evaluation of cells, tissue, and biomarkers obstructing the implant. However, there remains a critical knowledge gap in gene expression profiles of the obstructing cells. This first-time study investigates the phenotypic expression specific to astrocyte scarring from those cells on hydrocephalus shunt surfaces at the time of failure, aimed at the development of therapeutic approaches to target reactive astrocytes for improved functional outcome. Recent evidence has indicated that the tissue obstructing shunts is over 80% inflammatory, with a more exaggerated astrocytic response. To understand how to mitigate the astrocyte immune response to shunts, we performed gene expression profiling of the C3 and EMP1 genes to quantify if astrocytes were classically activated and pro-inflammatory (A1) or alternatively activated and anti-inflammatory (A2), respectively. Shunt catheters were removed from patients at the time of failure and categorized by obstructed vs non-obstructed shunts. RNAscope fluorescent in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR analysis of the C3 and EMP1 expressed genes revealed that a heterogeneous mixed population of both the A1 and A2 reactive phenotype exist on the shunt surface. However, the number of A2 reactive astrocytes are significantly higher on obstructed shunts compared to A1 reactive astrocytes. ELISA data also confirmed higher levels of IL-6 for obstructed shunts involved in A2 reactive astrocyte proliferation and glial scar formation on the shunt surface. Since TNF-a; and IL-1b; propel resting astrocytes into an A2 reactive state, by simply blocking the secretion or action of these cytokines, astrocyte activation and attachment on obstructing shunts could be inhibited.
The Ins and Outs of Welfare-to-Work: Women as They Enter and Exit a Nursing Assistant Employment and Training Program

By participant observation and follow up interviews (at three intervals post-graduation), this study explores the multiple work accountabilities arranging women's everyday lives as they enter and exit a welfare-to-work nursing assistant employment and training program. Work and family demands, and male partners' and children's reactions to the women's participation in labor arrangements outside the home are complicated by children's chronic illnesses and partners' disabilities and unemployment situations. From this consideration, the author argues that there is an incomplete gender shift in welfare policy. While it creates clear obligations to family and work for women trainees, the policy produces uncertain consequences and conditions for the women's (male) partners. These various circumstances explain the conflicting narratives of success and injustice in the women's descriptions of their experiences of welfare-to-work after training. Policy recommendations beginning from the women's everyday experiences are proposed.
The Effect of Divalent Cations on Complex Phosphoinositide/Lipid Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface

Objective: Investigate the effect of common inner leaflet plasma membrane lipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), on phosphoinositide do...
Fast algorithms for computation of inverse filters, complex cepstra, and minimum phase spectral factors

Computation of the inverse filter s(n) to a signal r(n) (so the convolution of r(n) and s(n) is an impulse) can require a surprisingly large amount of computation. The obvious approach of taking the reciprocal of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of r(n) may result in aliasing unless a large order DFT is used. O(Nlog(N)) operations are required, where s(N) is negligible. We develop a new algorithm which requires O(M/sup 2/log(N)) operations, where M is the length of r(n), and so is faster if N>M/sup 2/, as is often the case. The algorithm uses successive polynomial division to identify vectors orthogonal to the stable part of 1/R(z); it requires the solution of a resultant-like Toeplitz-plus-Hankel linear system of equations, which requires O(M/sup 2/) operations. The inverse filter can then be used to compute the complex cepstrum and minimum phase spectral factor in O(M/sup 2/) operations.
Assessing the Crime Impact of Sexually Violent Predator Laws

This paper examines the effect of sexually violent predator laws on rates of forcible rape and proxies for molestation. We find little evidence that these programs have detectable effects on outcomes.
Sequence of the GLN1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: role of the upstream region in regulation of glutamine synthetase expression.

Abstract The GLN1 gene, encoding glutamine synthetase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was sequenced, and its encoded polypeptide was shown to have significant homology to other eukaryotic glutamine synthetases. S1 analysis has defined the transcriptional start site of the gene. Upstream analysis of the gene using lacZ fusions has verified transcriptional control of the gene and has identified a nitrogen upstream activation sequence which is required for the increased transcription of GLN1 seen when glutamine is replaced by glutamate as the nitrogen source. cis-acting sites required for the increased transcription in response to purine starvation also have been localized.
Effcient multichannel audio resynthesis by subband-based spectral conversion

Multichannel audio offers significant advantages for music reproduction that include the ability to provide better localization and envelopment, as well as reduced imaging distortion. On the other hand, multichannel audio is one of the most demanding media types in terms of transmission requirements. A novel architecture was previously proposed, allowing delivery of uncompressed multichannel audio over high-bandwidth communications networks. In most cases, however, bandwidth limitations prohibit transmission of multiple audio channels. In such cases, an alternative would be to transmit only one or two reference channels and recreate the rest of the channels at the receiving end. In this paper, we propose a system that is capable of synthesizing the required signals from a smaller set of signals recorded in a particular venue. These synthesized “virtual” microphone signals can be used to produce multichannel recordings that accurately capture the acoustics of the particular venue. Applications of the proposed system include transmission of multichannel audio over the current Internet infrastructure and, as an extension of the methods proposed here, remastering of existing monophonic and stereophonic recordings for multichannel rendering.
Psoriasis and Sexual Behavior in Men: Examination of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States

Abstract Introduction Epidemiologic data on sexual behavior in psoriasis patients are lacking. Aim We aim to examine and compare the sexual behaviors between men with and without psoriasis in the United States. Methods We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2006 and 2009 to 2010. Responses from male participants to the dermatology and sexual behavior questionnaires of the NHANES were collated and analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Outcome measures included sexual orientation, age of first sexual encounter, number of oral and non‐oral sexual partners, and frequency of unprotected sex. Results Among 6,444 U.S. men that responded to the psoriasis question, 170 (2.6%) reported a physician‐given diagnosis of psoriasis. Heterosexual men accounted for 95.5% and nonheterosexual men 4.5% of the overall study population. On multivariate analysis, psoriasis was not associated with differences in sexual orientation (odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75–4.15). Heterosexual men with psoriasis experienced first sexual encounter at an earlier age than those without psoriasis (weighted difference −0.9 years, P = 0.002). Heterosexual men with psoriasis had significantly fewer female oral sexual partners compared with heterosexual men without psoriasis on multivariate analysis (lifetime partner number: rate ratio [RR] 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.95; past‐year partner number: RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42–0.97). No significant differences existed between heterosexual men with and without psoriasis regarding frequency of unprotected sex (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.85–1.09). Among nonheterosexual men with and without psoriasis, no significant differences existed in age first had sex, number of sexual partners, or frequency of unprotected sex. Conclusion Heterosexual men with psoriasis have significantly fewer lifetime female oral sexual partners compared with those without psoriasis. Dermatologists and other healthcare providers need to examine the genital region routinely and initiate appropriate therapy to improve patients' sexual health. Armstrong AW, Harskamp CT, and Schupp CW. Psoriasis and sexual behavior in men: Examination of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States. J Sex Med 2014;11:394–400.
Rural landowner liability for recreational injuries: myths, perceptions, and realities.

ABSTRACT: Concern about closure of private, rural lands to outdoor recreation has been documented in the research literature for several decades. While many reasons for this phenomenon have been posited, liability for recreational injuries has been identified as a particularly worrisome problem for landowners. However, landowners9 perceptions of liability are not commensurate with the reality of legal risks. This article examines rural landowner liability risks through an analysis of the 50 state recreation-use statutes intended to protect landowners from legal exposure tied to injuries sustained on their land. Further, data from the 637 appellate court cases heard since 1965 involving recreational injuries were compiled and analyzed based on the characteristics of the landowner (public or private), recreation activity pursued at the time of injury, and actual liability exposure. Although the focus of this article is primarily on the liability risks of private landowners and organizations, public agencies also are discussed. Recreation-use statutes are increasingly used in government defense, and cases provide more depth in understanding the reality of landowner liability. Recommendations to agencies concerned with access to private lands and suggestions for future research are included.
Manifestations of interpersonal dependency and depressive subtypes in outpatient psychotherapy patients

The present study investigated the relationship between normative and pathological dependency and anaclitic and introjective depressive experiences among 71 patients participating in outpatient psychotherapy at a university-based psychology clinic. We examined the interrelationships among the Relationship Profile Test subscales, the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire subscales and the Outcome Questionnaire-45.2. Results indicated that destructive overdependence was positively correlated with anaclitic and introjective depression and negatively correlated with overall perceptions of mental health. Dysfunctional detachment was positively correlated with introjective depression and negatively correlated with generalized perceptions of one's own mental health. Healthy dependency was negatively correlated with introjective depression and positively correlated with mental health. These results not only support the construct validity of the Relationship Profile Test but also shed light on a link between depression, dependence and self-criticism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of the B Vitamins in Mixed Parenteral Nutrition Solution

The effects of various light conditions such as fluorescent light, and indirect and direct sunlight on the stability of the water-soluble B vitamins in parenteral mixtures were studied. The levels of the B vitamins were determined by microbiologic assays and spectrophotometrically. Most of the B vitamins were found to be stable. However, indirect and direct sunlight destroyed 47 and 100%, respectively, of riboflavin-5-phosphate in eight hours. Direct sunlight destroyed 86% of pyridoxine HCl. There was no loss of folic acid in parenteral nutrition mixtures after storage for 7 wk. The microbiologic assays were found to be reliable to measure the levels of the B vitamins in parenteral nutrition solution.
Fast pyrobolometers for measurements of plasma heat fluxes and radiation losses in the Madison symmetric torus reversed field pinch

Two types of fast bolometers are described for the plasma energy transport study in the Madison symmetric torus plasma confinement device. Both types use pyrocrystals of LiTaO3 or LiNbO3 as the sensors. One type is used for measurements of the radiated heat losses and is situated at the vacuum shell inner surface. Another type is insertable in the plasma and measures the plasma particle heat flux. The frequency response of the bolometers is measured to be in the 150–200 kHz range. The range of the measured power fluxes is 0.1 W/cm2–10 kW/cm2 and can be adjusted by changing the size of the entrance aperture. The lower limit is determined by the amplifier noise and the frequency bandwidth, the higher limit by destruction of the bolometer sensor.
What Controls the Mean East–West Sea Surface Temperature Gradient in the Equatorial Pacific: The Role of Cloud Albedo

AbstractThe mean east–west sea surface temperature gradient along the equator is a key feature of tropical climate. Tightly coupled to the atmospheric Walker circulation and the oceanic east–west thermocline tilt, it effectively defines tropical climate conditions. In the Pacific, its presence permits the El Nino–Southern Oscillation phenomenon. What determines this temperature gradient within the fully coupled ocean–atmosphere system is therefore a central question in climate dynamics, critical for understanding past and future climates. Using a comprehensive coupled model [Community Earth System Model (CESM)], the authors demonstrate how the meridional gradient in cloud albedo between the tropics and midlatitudes (Δα) sets the mean east–west sea surface temperature gradient in the equatorial Pacific. To change Δα in the numerical experiments, the authors change the optical properties of clouds by modifying the atmospheric water path, but only in the shortwave radiation scheme of the model. When Δα is va...
Characterization of internal wetting in polymer electrolyte membrane gas diffusion layers

Abstract Capillary pressure vs. saturation (PC(SL)) curves are fundamental to understanding liquid water transport and flooding in PEM gas diffusion layers (GDLs). PC(SL) curves convolute the influence of GDL pore geometry and internal contact angles at the three-phase liquid/solid/gas boundary. Even simple GDL materials are a spatially non-uniform mixture of carbon fiber and binder, making a Gaussian distribution of contact angles likely, based on the Cassie–Baxter equation. For a given Gaussian contact angle distribution with mean (θMean) and standard deviation (σ), a realistic PC(SL) curve can be computed using a bundle of capillaries model and GDL pore size distribution data. As expected, computed PC(SL) curves show that θMean sets the overall hydrophilic (θMean 90°) character of the GDL (i.e., liquid saturation level at a given capillary pressure), and σ affects the slope of the PC(SL) curve. The capillary bundle model also can be used with (θMean, σ) as unknown parameters that are best-fit to experimentally acquired PC(SL) and pore size distribution data to find (θMean, σ) values for actual GDL materials. To test this, pore size distribution data was acquired for Toray TGP-H-090 along with hysteretic liquid and gas intrusion capillary pressure curve data. High quality best-fits were found between the model and combined datasets, with GDL liquid intrusion showing fairly neutral internal surface wetting properties (θMean = 92° and σ = 10°) whereas gas intrusion displayed a hydrophilic character (θMean = 52° and σ = 8°). External liquid advancing and receding contact angles were also measured on this same material and they also showed major hysteresis. The new methods described here open the door for better understanding of the link between GDL material processing and the wetting properties that affect flooding.
Comparison of respiration in rat, guinea pig and muskrat heart mitochondria.

Abstract 1. 1. Subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria were isolated from the hearts of the diving muskrat and non-diving guinea pig and rat. Respiration rates, respiratory control ratio (RCR) and phosphorous to oxygen (P:O) ratios determined. 2. 2. There was no significant difference in these values among the three species or between mitochondrial populations. 3. 3. Mitochondrial yield as measured by citrate synthase of whole heart homogenates was greatest in the rat,intermediate in the muskrat and lowest in the guinea pig. 4. 4. Muskrat heart mitochondria do not differ from rat and guinea pig heart mitochondria in the ability to use pyruvate as a substrate. 5. 5. Differences in heart mitochondrial function between diving and non-diving rodents were not found and thus do not appear to be adaptations for the hypoxia of diving.
Technical Note-A Note on Zero-One Programming

We generalize a method for constructing facets for the convex hull of integer solutions to set packing problems to arbitrary zero-one problems having nonnegative constraint-matrices. A particular class of facets is obtained explicitly and illustrated by a numerical example.
Physical aging of epoxy polymers and their composites

Exposure to extended periods of sub-Tg temperatures causes physical changes in the molecular structure of epoxy resins and epoxy-based materials to occur. These physical aging mechanisms include the reduction in free volume and changes to the molecular configuration. As a result, mechanical, thermodynamical, and physical properties are affected in ways that can compromise the reliability of epoxy-based engineering components and structures. In this review, the physical changes in the molecular structure of epoxies are described, and the influence of these changes on the bulk-level response is detailed. Specifically, the influence of physical aging on the quasistatic mechanical properties, viscoelasticity, fracture toughness, thermal expansion coefficient, volume relaxation, enthalpy relaxation, endothermic peak temperature, fictive temperature, and moisture/solvent absorption capability is reviewed. Also discussed are relationships between relaxation functions, crosslink density, composite reinforcement, and epoxy/copolymer blending and the physical aging response of epoxies. Finally, the concepts of thermal and mechanical rejuvenation are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Cable Television Rate Deregulation

In the 1984 Cable Communications Policy Act, cable television operators were effectively freed from rate regulation, and subsequently enjoyed monopoly franchise protection with free market pricing. In 1992, however, reregulation of basic cable service rates was established in the Cable Consumer Protection and Competition Act. The argument for reimposing regulation was that a substantial increase in basic cable rates had occurred post–deregulation. Yet the efficacy of rate controls upon an industry which has substantial freedom to adjust product quality is theoretically ambiguous. This study examines simple price, quality, and output evidence to determine how rate deregulation impacted consumers. It finds support for the view that rate controls did not lower quality–adjusted prices and are best explained as tools for influencing rent distribution across interest groups
Madness on trial

The case became a cause celebre for the vindication of a corporate pharmaceutical giant's cash cow, and a legal battle between free will and neurophilosophical reductionism.
‘For now hath time made me his numbering clock’: Shakespeare’s Jacquemarts

According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the word ‘jacquemart’ appears first in the early sixteenth century, a curious amalgam of the working class moniker 'Jack' with the French word for hammer, ‘marteau’. An articulated automaton that struck a clock bell, a jacquemart is a metallic embodiment of an ideology that conflates physical labour with dehumanization. Little considered, Shakespeare’s named and self-appointed ‘Jacks’ -- Falstaff, Jaques of As You Like It , and Richard II -- represent ‘rude mechanicals’ subject to the agency of more powerful political figures. Yet the automaton jack is not merely a pawn of history; he is also associated with the inventive Vulcan and models of early modern poetry as built, fabricated, or machined. Richard II’s ‘hammered’ thoughts or Falstaff’s multiplying buckram men help reveal the capacity for creative making within these dispossessed characters’ seeming mechanicity.
Dipole scattering from ion pairs in compensated semiconductors

Abstract The electron scattering cross sections for both a screened and an unscreened ion pair dipole have been calculated. They are smaller than the corresponding cross sections for a single charge by a factor of about (2πL/λ)2 where L is the dipole length (~ 10−8 cm) and λ the electron wavelength (~ 10−6 cm). The electron mobility for scattering by dipoles is approximately proportional to T 1 2 N−1dm −3 2 for a nondegenerate carrier distribution and n 1 3 N−1dm−2 for one that is degenerate, (n = electron density, Nd = dipole density, T = temperature, m = effective mass). In a highly compensated semiconductor dipole scattering can give an appreciable contribution to the mobility. Numerical values are given for germanium having highly mobile lithium as the compensating donor impurity. For example, dipoles account for a quarter of the electron scattering at 100°K for donor and acceptor concentrations of about 1019 cm−3, differing by one per cent.
Measurement of short circuit current for low internal resistance batteries

A method of measuring short circuit current has been established for high power and low internal resistance batteries. The battery was forcibly discharged at a constant resistance much smaller than its internal resistance by a newly constructed short circuit switch. Current and voltage were then monitored by a digital memory scope. Pasted-type and tubular-type lead-acid batteries were used as samples in this work. Short circuit current was also observed for the batteries in various states-of-charge.
Process control during high pressure atomization

Abstract High pressure inert gas atomization (HPIGA) has been studied using various metal alloy systems. The high yield of ultrafine (particles less than 45 μm in size) powder produced using HPIGA makes it an ideal system for producing rapidly solidified metal powder. High speed photography and laser scattering techniques have been applied to study droplet formation and measure powder size with the intent of future feedback and control of particle size during atomization. Liquid metal droplet formation will be discussed as well as on-line particle size measurement and control.
Canonical form of polynomial matrices with all identical elementary divisors

UDC 512.64 The problem of reducing polynomial matrices to the canonical form by using semiscalar equivalent transformations is studied. A class of polynomial matrices is singled out, for which the canonical form with respect to semiscalar equivalence is indicated. This form enables one to solve the classification problem for collections of matrices over a field up to similarity.
RESISTIVITY, SUSCEPTIBILITY AND SPECIFIC-HEAT OF (Y1-XUX)B4

Abstract An anomalous magnetic phase diagram for dilutions of UB 4 with YB 4 had been previously established. The (Y 1-x U x )B 4 system is paramagnetic for x 0.6, ferromagnetic for 0.1 x x T 4 by YB 4 due to the reduction of the 5f-5f overlap.
Left ventricular false aneurysm after coronary bypass surgery: Radionuclide diagnosis and surgical resection

A patient with left ventricular pseudoaneurysm formation resulting from myocardial infarction 4 years after coronary bypass surgery is described. The pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed with gated cardiac blood pool imaging and was subsequently successfully surgically repaired. Postoperative pericardial abnormalities predisposing to the possible development of a false aneurysm are discussed. Also, clinical situations in which pseudoaneurysm should be suspected are described, and appropriate diagnostic approaches are outlined.
Improving the K6 short scale to predict serious emotional disturbance in adolescents in the USA

Effective screening for emotional and behavioral disorders among youth requires brief screening scales with good validity to identify youth requiring further evaluation and to estimate prevalence of target disorders in populations of interest such as schools or neighborhoods. This paper examines the psychometric properties of a very short (six-item) screening scale, the K6, to assess serious emotional disturbance (SED) among youth. The K6, which is made up of symptoms of depression and anxiety, has been shown in previous research to be a strong predictor of serious mental illness (SMI) in adults, but no information is available on the ability of the scale to screen for SED among youth. The current report examines the K6 as a screen for SED in a national survey of US adolescents, the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). The K6 is shown to provide fairly good prediction of SED [area under curve (AUC) = 0.74] that is somewhat higher for internalizing (AUC = 0.80) than behavior (AUC = 0.75) disorders. Based on this result, we augmented the K6 with questions about symptoms of behavior disorders. This improved prediction of SED (from AUC = 0.74 to AUC = 0.83) as well as of SED associated with pure behavior disorders (from AUC = 0.53 to AUC = 0.78). These results show that although the symptoms of depression and anxiety in the K6 are sufficient to detect SMI among adults, high rates of behavior disorders among adolescents require indicators of behavior disorders to be added to the K6 to screen adequately for adolescent SED.