cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scheduling and lot sizing with sequence-dependent setup: A literature review

This paper reviews the literature related to the class of scheduling problems that involve sequence-dependent setup times (costs), an important consideration in many practical applications. It focuses on papers published within the last decade, addressing a variety of machine configurations including single machine, parallel machine, flow shop, and job shop systems and reviews the optimization and heuristic solution methods used for each category. Since lot sizing is so intimately related to scheduling, this paper reviews work that integrates these issues in relationship to each configuration. This paper provides a perspective of this line of research, gives conclusions, and discusses fertile research opportunities posed by this class of scheduling problems.
Making Decisions About Special Education Placement: Do Low-Income Parents Have the Information They Need?

Using the hypotheses-generating techniques of Glaser and Strauss (1967), interviews were conducted with 35 low-income parents in an attempt to ascertain their knowledge of and their feelings about the adequacy of schooling in general and special education services in particular. Thirty-six percent of the respondents had school-aged children who were receiving special education services. The majority of parents had positive feelings about special education, although parents of learning disabled students perceived their children and their children's educational needs differently from parents of mildly mentally retarded students. Parents had given permission for special education placement, but it was found that they lacked the information essential for making informed decisions.
The use of Co/sub 79/Cr/sub 21/ undercoats for controlling the soft magnetic properties of RF sputtered Permalloy thin films

The effects of Co/sub 79/Cr/sub 21/ undercoats and nucleating layers on the coercive force, anisotropy field, and 5 MHz to 100 MHz complex permeability spectra of magnetically soft, Ni/sub 81/Fe/sub 19/ thin films RF sputtered onto glass substrates are investigated. While very thin layers of HCP oriented Co/sub 79/Cr/sub 21//spl ap/5 nm, do not affect the coercive force of the NiFe layer, they do increase the measured anisotropy. Thicker CoCr layers increase both the coercive force and anisotropy field. The 5 nm layers of Co/sub 79/Cr/sub 21/ act to increase the magnitude of the /spl mu/' spectra, /spl mu/=/spl mu/'-j/spl mu/", while decreasing the /spl mu/" spectra; thicker layers of CoCr reduce both /spl mu/' and /spl mu/".
NON-INVOLVEMENT OF LYSIS DURING SPORULATION OF BACILLUS MYCOIDES IN DISTILLED WATER

Washed vegetative cells of Bacillus mycoides obtained and treated under specified conditions have been found to sporulate when shaken in distilled water under specified conditions. Within limitations of the methods, a heat-resistant cell (spore) is produced for each heat-sensitive vegetative cell present initially. Several different experiments designed to detect massive lysis and cell growth during sporulation in distilled water yielded uniformly negative results. Evidence is furnished for the conclusion that a freshly formed spore (heat-resistant cell) weighs considerably less than its progenitor vegetative cell. The observed results are most satisfactorily explained as a direct conversion of a vegetative cell to a spore.
The Design of an Expressive Humanlike Socially Assistive Robot

It is anticipated that the use of assistive robots will be one of the most important service applications of robotic systems of the future. In this paper, the development of a unique noncontact socially assistive robot consisting of a humanlike demeanor is presented for utilization in hospital wards and nursing/veteran homes to study its role and impact on the well-being of patients, addressing patient's needs and its overall effect on the quality of patient care. The robot will be an embodied entity that will participate in hands-off noncontact social interaction with a patient during the convalescence, rehabilitation, or end-of-life care stage. The robot has been designed as a platform to incorporate the three design parameters of embodiment, emotion, and nonverbal communication to encourage natural human-robot interactions. Herein, we present the overall mechanical design of the socially assistive robot focusing mainly on the development of the actuation system of the face, head, and upper body. In particular, we propose the development of a unique muscle actuation mechanism for the robotic face to allow for the display of rich facial expressions during social assistive interaction scenarios. The novelty of the actuation system is in its use of the dependency of facial muscle activity to minimize the number of individual actuators required to control the robotic face.
Genetic relationship between giftedness and myopia.

Data from Iceland are presented which give further support to a previously documented association of near-sightedness with scholastic ability. In particular there seems to be a link between myopia and mathematical inclination. The family distribution of near-sightedness is consistent with recessive inheritance, both in randomly selected groups and in relatives of honor students.
Flow and heat transfer from a continuous surface in a parallel free stream of micropolar fluid

Abstract Boundary layer solutions are presented to investigate the steady now and heat transfer characteristics from a continuous flat surface moving in a parallel free stream of micropolar fluid. Numerical results are presented for the distribution of velocity, micro-rotation and temperature profiles within the boundary layer. The groupings of the material properties of the fluid were allowed to vary over a wide range.
Sub-Poissonian Photon Statistics in Resonance Fluorescence

Expressions are derived for the probability p(n) that n photons are emitted in a given time in the steady state by a two-level atom, when it is placed in a resonant, coherent, exciting field. The distribution p(n) is shown to be narrower than Poissonian. The ratio [〈(Δn)2〉 − 〈n〉]/〈n〉 is negative and has an absolute maximum value of 3/4. The possibility of observing the sub-Poissonian statistics is discussed briefly.
Planarity of metal chlorins in n-octane solution.

Abstract The geometry of porphyrins has been and continues to be a subject of vigorous research. In this work we investigated the planarity of a series of divalent metal chlorins in n-octane solutions: magnesium, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, tin, cadmium, strontium, lead and platinum. Room temperature electronic absorption spectra of these complexes are reported. We plotted the energy of each B band against its respective Qy origin band. Based on these results it was concluded that in these metal chlorins the configuration interaction between Qy and B states is essentially constant; the exception is the magnesium complex which deviates from the pattern produced by the other metal chlorins. This suggests that the magnesium ion is out of the plane of the chlorin skeleton; thus, it has Cs symmetry while the other metal chlorins in this group retained C2v symmetry.
Inequality, Resource Depletion, and Welfare Accounting: Applications to Indonesia and Costa Rica

Abstract Ahluwalia and Chenery noted that the standard measures of GDP growth imply distributional weights that place greater weight on the income of richer income groups, and proposed distribution-neutral and pro-poor alternatives. More recently, pilot studies by the World Resources Institute (WRI) have questioned the sustainability of GDP growth and have introduced natural resource modifications to national income accounting. To date, no studies have undertaken both revisions concurrently, creating a revised measure based on GDP but corrected for both distributional bias and resource depletion. Such a measure is derived in this paper, and its impact illustrated with data from Indonesia and Costa Rica, the countries studied by the WRI.
ASSOCIATION OF LUNG LAVAGE INTERLEUKIN 1 BETA WITH UREAPLASMA UREALYTICUM COLONIZATION IN LBW INFANTS. † 1785

ASSOCIATION OF LUNG LAVAGE INTERLEUKIN 1 BETA WITH UREAPLASMA UREALYTICUM COLONIZATION IN LBW INFANTS. † 1785
Manokotak: A Study of School Adaptation

A study of the school in Manokotak, Alaska, a Yup'ik Eskimo community, addresses the question of the cultural gap between the school and the minority community. Adaptations in the school evolved over time, and the direction of change was toward integration of the process of schooling into the culture of the local community. EDUCATIONAL CHANGE, MINORITY GROUPS, EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH. In her Past President's Address to the Council on Anthropology and Education, Schensul discussed the anthropological notion of cultural gaps between the school and the minority community and the difficulties involved in attempting intervention strategies relating to those gaps (1985). The case of the Manokotak School demonstrates that the cultural gap between the school and the minority community can be lessened, but members of minority communities must play significant roles in the practice of the school and in policy making over extended periods of time if the perception of participants is to be one of success. Policy makers have been acknowledging the need for participation of minority members in the governance of schooling for the past 20 years or so, but few accounts of actual cases are documented in the research literature. Alaska's diverse cultural settings provide educational researchers with unique opportunities for the study of schooling in a variety of contexts. Schools in Alaska serve the children of 20 Alaska-native language groups in circumstances where each school is separated from others by the rugged arctic and subarctic environment. Although many studies have been conducted in these schools, only a few (Cline 1975; Madsen 1983) have attempted holistic descriptions of the school and the community. In the spring of 1984, a case study of the school in Manokotak, Alaska, a Yup'ik Eskimo community, was undertaken. In Manokotak, a high percentage of native adults in the community and certificated teachers in the school described their school as "successful." The schoel had adapted to the local setting by altering teaching assignments, curricula, scheduling, communication patterns, and participation by Yup'ik community members in the practice of schooling and in the governance process. The adaptations began to develop in 1948, when the first school was established by the missionary's wife, and
Optical Characterization of All-Magnetic NOT Gate Operation in Vortex Rings

We have demonstrated deterministic operation of inverters (NOT gates) using vortex magnetization states in pairs of linked 5 mum diameter permalloy rings with a small region of overlap. The input ring is clipped so that the state can be controlled by global fields, and is designed to switch at lower fields than the unclipped output ring, which then inverts the logical state of the input. Optical coatings over half of each ring provide distinct magnetooptic Kerr effect (MOKE) signatures for saturation, clockwise, and counterclockwise states in our focused beam system. We demonstrate that excessive overlap between the rings leads to overall shape anisotropy dominating the behavior of the structure.
Pressure fields over hypersonic wing-bodies at moderate incidence

Delta wings with conically subsonic cones-bodies mounted on their compressive side are analysed in the hypersonic small disturbance regime. The weakly three-dimensional conditions associated with slender parabolic Mach cones are used to validate a linearized rotational approximation of the flow field. A combined integral–series representation is obtained for the pressure distribution between the wing-body and shock wave for arbitrary body cross-sections, and is specialized to give analytical formulae for arbitrary-order polynomial transversal contours. Numerical results are presented for wedge, parabolic and higher order cross-sections illustrating the dominant character of the cross-flow stagnation singularity associated with sharp wing-body intersections having a finite slope discontinuity. It is shown that the pressure has a logarithmic infinity at this secondary leading edge, as in corresponding Prandtl–Glauert irrotational flows. The relation of this finding to Lighthill's theorem on cross-stream vorticity is discussed. Other features of the pressure field are considered with particular emphasis on their relationship to a recently derived area rule for such configurations, and possibilities for favourable interference.
Spatio-temporal effects of selected physico-chemical variables of water, algae and sediment chemistry on the larval community of nuisance Chironomidae (Diptera) in a natural and a man-made lake in central Florida

Spatio-temporal distributions of Chironomus crassicaudatus, Chironomus decorus, Glyptotendipes paripes, Cryptochironomus fulvus and Tanypodinae midge larvae and selected associated environmental variables (physico-chemical variables of water, sediment chemistry and algal composition) were studied for one year in natural Lake Monroe and man-made Konomac Lake in central Florida. Ordination analysis (CCA with variation partitioning) showed that in each lake, sediment variables were the most important environmental variables. However, the most important proportion of species variability in pooled data from both lakes was explained by lake-specific combinations of water, sediment and algal variables. Chironomid larvae were ordinated with increasing depth as follows: G. paripes, C. fulvus, C. crassicaudatus, Tanypodinae, and C. decorus. This trend was similar for both lakes individually as well as for the pooled data. As water depth increased, organic matter content and associated metals concentrations in sediment increased. Glyptotendipes paripes displayed significant, negative correlation with water depth and sediment total carbon content, while C. decorus showed a significant positive correlation with these variables; C. crassicaudatus did not show any significant correlation with either of these variables. The algal composition in the pooled data from both lakes was another important factor affecting the larval distributions. The proportion of G. paripes and C. decorus larvae increased with filamentous algal density, and C. crassicaudatus larvae with increasing Cyanobacteria. Although both study lakes were very shallow, the effect of water depth (alone or shared with environmental variables) on chironomid larval community composition was substantially higher than the seasonality (sampling month) effect.
Prevalence, Spread, and Effects of the Microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae Released into Populations with Different Social Forms of the Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen, and Hazard was released into colonies of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, at four field sites in Louisiana. Social form of the ant affected the establishment of the microsporidium; long-term epizootics developed at two sites with predominantly polygyne populations, whereas the pathogen produced a low disease prevalence before it disappeared or did not infect ants at all at two monogyne sites. This study is the first report of artificial infection of monogyne S. invicta field colonies. When the microsporidium became established in mixed monogyne/polygyne ant populations, prevalence rates peaked at >75% in both social forms. In mixed ant populations, the social form suffering higher prevalence of the disease decreased proportionally to the other form, possibly indicating a competitive disadvantage. Host population density or site characteristics may have influenced spread of the disease; the rate of spread was 0.9 m/mo at one epizootic site and reached 9.4 m/mo at the other. There was little seasonal variation in prevalence, which averaged 47% in February, 51% in April/May, and 57% in October/November at the two epizootic sites. The strongest evidence of microsporidian impact on S. invicta populations was a negative correlation between colony numbers versus percentage infection and a sporadic decrease in the number of foragers. There was some evidence of a decrease in the size and number of colonies at one epizootic site and a decrease in brood at the other. This sporadic weakening of the S. invicta populations did not lead to significant immigration of other ant species.
Hot‐Pressing of Silicon Carbide with 1% Boron Carbide Addition

The densification behavior of pressure sintered cubic silicon carbide containing 1 wt% boron carbide was studied as a function of temperature (1750° to 1950°C). Specimens of theoretical density were obtained at 1950° with a pressure of 3000 psi. Experimental results showed that densification proceeded by a plastic flow mechanism. Interpretation of the data in terms of Murray's equation yields an activation energy of (11S ± 18) kcal/mol. At 1850C and above, tabular grains of 6H and 2H SiC were observed in a matrix of fine grains of 3C SiC.
Acute alcohol intoxication during hemorrhagic shock: impact on host defense from infection.

: Background: Acute alcohol intoxication is a frequent underlying condition associated with traumatic injury. Our studies have demonstrated that acute alcohol intoxication significantly impairs the immediate hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory responses to hemorrhagic shock. This study investigated whether acute alcohol intoxication during hemorrhagic shock would alter the outcome from an infectious challenge during the initial 24 hr recovery period. Methods: Chronically catheterized male Sprague Dawley® rats were randomized to acute alcohol intoxication (EtOH; 1.75 g/kg bolus followed by a constant 15 hr infusion at 250–300 mg/kg/hr) or isocaloric isovolemic dextrose infusion (dex; 3 ml + 0.375 ml/hr). EtOH and dex were assigned to either fixed-volume (50%) hemorrhagic shock followed by fluid resuscitation with Ringer's lactate (EtOH/hem, dex/hem) or sham hemorrhagic shock (EtOH/sham, dex/sham). Indexes of circulating neutrophil function (apoptosis, phagocytosis, oxidative burst) were obtained at baseline, at completion of hemorrhagic shock, and at the end of fluid resuscitation. Bacterial clearance, lung cytokine expression, and myeloperoxidase activity were determined at 6 and 18 hr after an intratracheal challenge with Klebsiella pneumoniae (107 colony-forming units). Results: Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lower in acute alcohol intoxication-hemorrhagic shock animals throughout the hemorrhagic shock. In sham animals, acute alcohol intoxication alone did not produce significant changes in neutrophil apoptosis or phagocytic activity but significantly suppressed phorbol myristic acid (PMA)-stimulated oxidative burst. Hemorrhagic shock produced a modest increase in neutrophil apoptosis and suppression of neutrophil phagocytic capacity but significantly suppressed PMA-stimulated oxidative burst. Acute alcohol intoxication exacerbated the hemorrhagic shock-induced neutrophil apoptosis and the hemorrhagic shock-induced suppression of phagocytosis without further affecting PMA-stimulated oxidative burst. Fluid resuscitation did not restore neutrophil phagocytosis or oxidative burst. Acute alcohol intoxication decreased (−40%) 3-day survival from K. pneumoniae in hemorrhagic shock animals, impaired bacterial clearance during the first 18 hr postinfection, and prolonged lung proinflammatory cytokine expression. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the early alterations in metabolic and inflammatory responses to hemorrhagic shock produced by acute alcohol intoxication are associated with neutrophil dysfunction and impaired host response to a secondary infectious challenge leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
Sticking It Out: Individual Attributes and Persistence in Self-Employment

There is evidence that individual attributes play an important role in self-employment entrance decisions. Drawing on the personality, psychological well-being, and goal attainment literature, the authors ask, What individual attributes are associated with persistence in self-employment? First, they theoretically develop the concept of self-employment persistence and then empirically assess the effects of individual attributes on self-employment persistence, while including the baseline effects of these individual attributes on self-employment entrance. They use a semiparametric, reduced-form, multiple-state transition model and control for demographic and social determinants. Using employment history data of a cohort of 2,839 individuals from 1957 to 2004, the authors find that openness to experience, autonomy, and tenacious goal pursuit increase persistence in self-employment, whereas neuroticism reduces persistence in self-employment. They discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
Quality of EDA CAD tools: definitions, metrics and directions

In this paper we survey major problems faced by EDA tools in tackling deep submicron (DSM) design challenges like: crosstalk, reliability, power and interconnect dominated delay. We discuss the need for rethinking quality models used in EDA tools to allow early and reliable planning, estimation, analysis, and optimization. Key design quality metrics from a CAD tool perspective are surveyed, and methodologies and directions are proposed for the next generation design automation tools, intended to meet the challenges ahead. Ideas such as forward synthesis, incremental synthesis, system-level interconnect prediction and planning, and their implications on design quality design tool architecture, and design methodology are explored.
Determining Chronic Disease Prevalence in Local Populations Using Emergency Department Surveillance.

Objectives. We sought to improve public health surveillance by using a geographic analysis of emergency department (ED) visits to determine local chronic disease prevalence.Methods. Using an all-payer administrative database, we determined the proportion of unique ED patients with diabetes, hypertension, or asthma. We compared these rates to those determined by the New York City Community Health Survey. For diabetes prevalence, we also analyzed the fidelity of longitudinal estimates using logistic regression and determined disease burden within census tracts using geocoded addresses.Results. We identified 4.4 million unique New York City adults visiting an ED between 2009 and 2012. When we compared our emergency sample to survey data, rates of neighborhood diabetes, hypertension, and asthma prevalence were similar (correlation coefficient = 0.86, 0.88, and 0.77, respectively). In addition, our method demonstrated less year-to-year scatter and identified significant variation of disease burden within neigh...
SV40 Large T Antigen Promotes Dephosphorylation of p130

SV40 large T antigen (Ag) binds to all members of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor family including pRb, p107, and p130. Although the LXCXE motif of T Ag binds directly to the RB proteins, it is not sufficient to fully inactivate their function. The N-terminal DNA J domain of T Ag cooperates with the LXCXE motif to override RB-mediated repression of E2F-dependent transcription. In addition, T Ag can reduce the overall phosphorylation state of p107 and p130 that is dependent on an intact J domain and LXCXE motif. However, the mechanism of this activity has not been described. Here we describe the use of a cell-free system to characterize the effect of T Ag on p130 phosphorylation. When incubated in extracts prepared from S phase cells, p130 undergoes specific phosphorylation. Addition of T Ag to S phase extracts leads to a reduction of p130 phosphorylation in vitro. The ability of T Ag to reduce the phosphorylation of p130 in vitro is dependent on an intact DNA J domain and can be inhibited by okadaic acid and PP2A-specific inhibitors. These results suggest that T Ag recruits a phosphatase activity in a DNA J domain-dependent manner to reduce the phosphorylation of p130.
An All - Digital Second-Order PLL

A functional description with timing diagrams of two example cases is given, describing an all-digital second-order PLL, which will correct frequency as well as phase errors. Approximations yield the equivalent continuous second-order loop, so that loop parameters might easily be designed.
Automatic memory optimizations for improving MPI derived datatype performance

MPI derived datatypes allow users to describe noncontiguous memory layout and communicate noncontiguous data with a single communication function. This powerful feature enables an MPI implementation to optimize the transfer of noncontiguous data. In practice, however, many implementations of MPI derived datatypes perform poorly, which makes application developers avoid using this feature. In this paper, we present a technique to automatically select templates that are optimized for memory performance based on the access pattern of derived datatypes. We implement this mechanism in the MPICH2 source code. The performance of our implementation is compared to well-written manual packing/unpacking routines and original MPICH2 implementation. We show that performance for various derived datatypes is significantly improved and comparable to that of optimized manual routines.
Sediment shear Q from airgun OBS data

SUMMARY Direct measurement of the sediment shear-wave quality factor, Q,j, has been hindered by the lack of an effective shear-wave source. We show that if a satisfactory horizontal component ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) is available, then sediment Q, can be determined directly by using spectral ratios of converted shear-wave reflections. Spectral ratios are formed with the PS reflection from the sediment/basement interface and the PSSS multibounce sediment shear-wave reflection. As a check, we also computed Qfi from the peak amplitudes of PS and PSSS. We applied the spectral ratio method to airgun OBS data collected over 356 m of primarily high-porosity biosiliceous clay in 5467 m of water in the northwest Pacific at 43"55.44'N, 159'47.84'E (DSDP Site 581). An average sediment shear-wave velocity of about 0.2 km s-' was obtained from the PS traveltime. Effective Q,< for the sediment column was found to be 97 f 11 (a = 0.281 f 0.032 dB A-') in the frequency band 3-18 Hz. We tested the methods by applying them to reflectivity synthetic seismograms computed for various velocity profiles with both frequency-dependent Q and frequency-independent Q. The Q, estimate obtained from synthetic seismograms was within 15 per cent of the true QB for each velocity profile. (2, estimates within 25 per cent of the true Q were obtained with the addition of up to 6.5 per cent signal-generated noise, whereas the addition of only 3 per cent signal-generated noise energy makes estimates of the frequency dependence of Q unreliable using spectral ratios. We conclude that the two-octave band of the data is not wide enough to determine the frequency dependence of Q,. Tests on synthetic seismograms, computed from models containing alternating layers of high impedance contrast with realistic velocities, indicated that apparent attenuation due to intrabed multiples does not significantly affect the spectral ratio Q, estimates, although a shift in spectral content to higher frequencies for PS and PSSS phases and a delay in the apparent arrival time of PSSS were observed. However, the alternative peak amplitude ratio method gave Q, estimates more than 25 per cent lower than the true Q for multilayer sediment models. We also tested the methods on synthetic data subjected to hard and soft clipping. Spectral ratio estimates of Q,, from synthetic data with PS clipped up to 50 per cent, were within 25 per cent of the true Qs.
Salt marsh die-off and recovery reveal disparity between the recovery of ecosystem structure and service provision

Coastal ecosystems, such as sand dunes, salt marshes, and mangroves, stabilize shorelines and protect coastal populations. In New England, salt marshes have experienced widespread cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) die-off and habitat loss, and it is unknown how this has affected their ability to provide coastal protection. We quantified wave attenuation and shoreline stability on healthy, die-off and recovered marsh creek banks. We found that coastal protection has been severely compromised by salt marsh die-off, and that to date, S. alterniflora recovery, while superficially impressive, has not returned this ecosystem service to the levels of intact marshes. Climate driven sea-level rise and predicted increases in the frequency and severity of storms over the next century will likely further increase the vulnerability of coastal populations. Therefore, recovery of coastal protection is essential for maintaining the ecological and economic wellbeing of coastal communities. Our results suggest that quantification of the recovery of ecosystem services should be employed in order to successfully measure recovery in degraded ecosystems.
A model based fault detection and prognostic scheme for uncertain nonlinear discrete-time systems

A new fault detection and prognostics (FDP) framework is introduced for uncertain nonlinear discrete time system by using a discrete-time nonlinear estimator which consists of an online approximator. A fault is detected by monitoring the deviation of the system output with that of the estimator output. Prior to the occurrence of the fault, this online approximator learns the system uncertainty. In the event of a fault, the online approximator learns both the system uncertainty and the fault dynamics. A stable parameter update law in discrete-time is developed to tune the parameters of the online approximator. This update law is also used to determine time to failure (TTF) for prognostics. Finally a fourth order translational oscillator with rotating actuator (TORA) system is used to demonstrate the fault detection while a mass damper system is used for demonstrating the prognostics scheme.
Acoustic sensors for physical, chemical and biochemical applications

Since the late 1950s, it has been recognized that one can make sensitive high-resolution sensors by exploiting the effects of various measurands on propagating ultrasonic waves. The earliest and best-known acoustic-wave sensor is the quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) employed as a mass sensor for monitoring film thickness in thin-film deposition systems and by researchers studying chemical interactions with thin films deposited on the crystals. H. Wohltjen first demonstrated that a rugged and sensitive gravimetric acoustic sensor could be made in the form of a delay-line oscillator employing an electronic amplifier and a surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line operating at hundreds of MHz. Additional ultrasonic sensor modes and structures have been demonstrated: flexural modes in thin micromachined plates and narrow rods, thickness resonators made by thin-film deposition rather than mechanical thinning of single-crystal piezoelectrics, and transverse mode devices such as SAW devices having surface modifications or a single-crystal plate-mode device. Demonstrated applications of these devices include: measuring the density and viscosity of liquids, determining the rheological properties of polymer films, quantitative detection of the concentrations of volatile organic vapors with sensor arrays, detecting the outputs of a gas chromatographic column, and both selective and sensitive detection of biochemically active compounds by employing antibody-antigen, enzyme-substrate, and other receptor-protein pairs.
Effects of Tunicamycin on Binding of Epstein-Barr Virus

The effects of tunicamycin were examined on the production of lytic and transforming strains of Epstein- Barr virus (EBV). The drug altered expression of EBV membrane antigens on the surface of producer cells and markedly reduced the yield of virus. The small amount of virus that was released was still able to bind to receptor positive cells, but its ability to induce immunoglobulin synthesis in normal B cells was compromised.
A Response to Bennett

I was distressed by the factual distortion and ad hominem attacks by Stephen Bennett on my scholarship and the professional competence of David Brunori and Gregory Kasza in the June 2002 issue of PS. In Bennett's eagerness to discredit the “Perestroika movement” he made inaccurate and personally disparaging comments about particular scholars and writers. There are several examples of this. The first is his remark that “(Ronald) Libby and “many midcareer political scientists have given up on research and writing” (204)”
Agencies Utilized in Disseminating Information on Insect Control: The Press for Disseminating Entomological Information

The usefulness of the press in entomological extension work is determined by the answers to two questions: (a) Does the press create a consciousness of problems? (b) Does the press get action? It is safe to say that the press helps to bring about both but usually needs the backing of many other forces for widespread responses. Often people must be convinced that they have problems. This calls for one type of approach; the giving of directions to bring about the solution of their problems calls for an entirely different type.
Impact of a Vortical Gust on the Aerodynamics of a Finite Aspect-Ratio Wing

This paper presents computational simulations for the interaction of a parallel vortical gust passing over an aspect ratio 4 wing with a NACA0012 cross section. A sixth-order compact difference technique coupled with an eighth-order filtering scheme provide the high order numerical approach used. This combination allows for the use of a high-order implicit LES scheme which requires no additional sub-scale turbulence modeling. A Reynolds number, Re = 200, 000, Mach number, M∞ = 0.1 , and angle of attack, α = 4◦, are specified for the baseline problem. The impact of doubling the grid on the vortical gust interaction solution has been explored and several noticeable improvements are described. The strength of the incoming vortex is then doubled. Examining the new flow field elucidates the changes to the structure of the vortical wing/gust interaction.
Noether Lasker Primary Decomposition Revisited

(1994). Noether Lasker Primary Decomposition Revisited. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 101, No. 8, pp. 759-768.
Overoptimism about future knowledge: Early arrogance?

AbstractThree studies explored whether young children (5–7 years) have more optimistic views of their future knowledge than older children (8–12 years) and adults. In Study 1, younger children were more likely than older children and adults to expect greater knowledge in both young and mature protagonists. Both groups of children saw knowledge rising at a faster rate into adulthood than adult participants did. All ages judged moral knowledge as much easier to acquire than other types of knowledge, such as artifacts. In Study 2, all children saw their own future knowledge in especially optimistic terms in comparison to ratings by adults, and the older children exhibited a self-enhancement bias. Study 3 found an overall preference for the acquisition of positively valenced future knowledge, particularly for the 8- to 12-year olds and in the domain of morality, suggesting pragmatic underpinnings for these judgments.
POWER SYSTEM FULL DYNAMIC SIMULATION PART II:FAULT SIMULATIONS

Fault simulation is one of the main constituents of power system dynamic simulation. In power system full dynamic simulation software the admittance matrixes of faulty branches are adopted in the fault models to simulate arbitrary symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults, by use of contraction technique for admittance matrix the multi-faults and the randomly occurred faults can be processed. The feature of this method is that the arbitrary multi-fault occurred in a branch can be simulated without any additional branches or buses to be added, thereby, the calculation efficiency and the expedience of usage are improved.
Retinal Blood Flow Response to Hyperoxia Measured With En Face Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography.

PURPOSE To use multiplane en face Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure the change in total retinal blood flow (TRBF) in response to hyperoxia. METHODS One eye of each healthy human participant (n = 8) was scanned with a commercial high-speed (70-kHz) spectral OCT system. Three repeated scans were captured at baseline and after 10 minutes of oxygen (hyperoxia) by open nasal mask. The procedure was performed twice on day 1 and once more on day 2. Blood flow of each vein was estimated using Doppler OCT at an optimized en face plane. The TRBF was summed from all veins at the optic disc. The TRBF hyperoxic response was calculated as the TRBF percent change from baseline. RESULTS Participants experienced a 23.6% ± 10.7% (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) decrease (P < 0.001, paired t-test) in TRBF during hyperoxia. The within-day repeatability of baseline TRBF was 4.1% and the between-day reproducibility was 10.9% coefficient of variation (CV). Between-grader reproducibility was 3.9% CV. The repeatability and reproducibility (pooled SD) of hyperoxic response were 6.1% and 6.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The multiplane en face Doppler OCT algorithm was able to detect, in all participants, a decreased TRBF in response to hyperoxia. The response magnitude for each participant varied among repeated trials, and the averaging of multiple trials was helpful in establishing the individual response. This technique shows good potential for the clinical investigation of vascular autoregulation.
A Survey of Ismaili Studies Part 2: Post‐Fatimid and Modern Ismailism

This article continues to discuss the major scholarly issues and developments in the study of Ismaili Muslim history and thought in the post-Fatimid and modern periods. In general, scholarly coverage of the Nizari Ismailis greatly outweighs that of the Tayyibis. Following the concealment of the Tayyibi Imams in the 12th century, the Tayyibi da‘wah continued in Yemen under the leadership of da‘is representing the Imams and divided into two major groups – the Sulaymanis and Da'udis. The Nizari Imamat continued in Persia until the public emergence of their recent living Imams, the Aga Khans, in modern times. The scholarly issues and themes discussed in this article include the establishment of the Tayyibi da‘wah, later Tayyibi cosmology, the 1164 Nizari declaration of qiyamah, the survival of Nizari communities in Persia and South Asia after the Mongol invasion, and modern Ismaili leadership institutions and communities. The article concludes by briefly summarizing the state of research for different periods of Ismaili history/thought and proposing some future trajectories for the progress of Ismaili studies.
As If, or, Using Media Archaeology to Reimagine Past, Present, and Future: An Interview with Lori Emerson

Jay Kirby, PhD student in the Communication, Rhetoric, and Digital Media program at North Carolina State University, conducted this interview with Associate Professor Lori Emerson to focus on her research about how interfaces and the material aspects of media devices affect our uses and relationships with those devices. Emerson, who runs the University of Colorado’s Media Archaeology Lab, explains how we can look at older technology that never became an economic success to imagine what could have been and reimagine what is and what could be. In the Media Archaeology Lab, Emerson collects still-functioning media artifacts to demonstrate these different possibilities. In this interview, Emerson draws on examples from digital computer interfaces, word processors, and other older media to show how their material aspects are bound up in cultural, commercial, and political apparatuses. By bringing these issues to light, Emerson shows how a critical eye toward our media can have far reaching implications.
QoSaaS: quality of service as a service

QoSaaS is a new framework that provides QoS information portals for enterprises running real-time applications. By aggregating measurements from both end clients and application servers, QoSaaS derives the quality information of individual system components and enables system operators to discover and localize quality problems; end-users to be hinted with expected experience; and the applications to make informed adaptations. Using a large-scale commercial VoIP system as a target application, we report preliminary experiences of developing such service. We also discuss remaining challenges and outline potential directions to address them.
Brillouin micro-elastography of laser-processed materials

3D laser processing is becoming a mainstream of micro- and nano- fabrication. However, very little is known how physical, chemical and/or structural changes induced by laser irradiation affect local mechanical properties. In this report, we, for the first time, utilize Brillouin microspectroscopy to assess and image the variation of viscoelastic properties of materials induced by laser processing.
The roots of intimate partner violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a paradoxical combination of affection and aggression. So why do people show an all-too-frequent tendency to harm their loved ones? Towards answering this question, we review a broad literature that explicates the ultimate and proximate roots of IPV perpetration. At the ultimate level, IPV perpetration is likely to be the result of evolutionary and socio-structural forces. Theories of aggression are then brought to bear in order to articulate the proximal sequence of psychological processes that magnify and constrain IPV. Interpersonal (e.g., rejection), intrapersonal (e.g., self-regulation), and biological (e.g., testosterone) factors are discussed in their relation to IPV perpetration. Finally, potentially fruitful avenues for intervention are evaluated, as exemplars of the hope that a robust understanding IPV perpetration will lead to the reduction of this costly behavior.
Geologic evaluation of infrared imagery, eastern part of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and Montana

Geological evaluation of infrared imagery of Yellowstone National Park to determine if rock and soil types, structures, and thermal springs can be identified
The presence of minocycline in the tear film of normal horses following oral administration and its anticollagenase activity.

Purpose Tetracyclines have activity against matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Oral medications with effects on the ocular surface are of interest in patients where repeated topical dosing is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the concentration of minocycline in the tears of normal horses after oral administration and to determine if this level directly inhibits MMP activity. Methods Five healthy adult ponies were administered oral minocycline (Wedgewood Pharmacy; Swedesboro, NJ) at 4 mg/kg every 12 h for 5 days. Tears were collected at T = 2, 26, 50, 56, 74, 80, and 98 h. Tear minocycline concentrations were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The inhibition of recombinant human MMP-2 and MMP-9 by minocycline was investigated using fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Results Minocycline was present in the tears of each pony at every measurement but with interpony variability. A mean concentration of 11.8 μg/mL was present 2 h after administration of the first dose. Minocycline did not directly inhibit MMP-2 or MMP-9 function at a concentration achieved in the pony tear film. Conclusions Minocycline was present in the tears of all ponies at each sampling point following oral administration. One pony of the five had consistently lower levels of minocycline secretion (P ≤ 0.05). The concentration secreted in the tears did not directly inhibit MMP-2 or MMP-9 when tested in vitro. The inconsistencies in the tear concentration and the inhibition activity suggest topical application may be necessary to attain direct inhibition of MMP with minocycline.
Coordination with clustered common randomness in a three-terminal line network

To achieve strong coordination in a network, nodes benefit from access to a source of common randomness. Most studies pertaining to strong coordination assume the existence of a source of common randomness accessible to all nodes in the network. This assumption, however, is not practical in a decentralized network. We analyze the problem of strong coordination in a three-terminal line network with common randomness available only at the first two nodes and assume that the actions of the first node are specified by an external agent. We use coding schemes developed for channel resolvability codes to characterize the strong coordination capacity region when the intermediate node is operating in a functional mode. A comparison of our coordination capacity region with a case in which all nodes have access to a common randomness shows that we have to increase the communication rate between the second and the third nodes to achieve the same coordination distribution.
Probing blood cell mechanics of hematologic processes at the single micron level

Blood cells circulate in a dynamic fluidic environment, and during hematologic processes such as hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation, blood cells interact biophysically with a myriad of vascular matrices-blood clots and the subendothelial matrix. While it is known that adherent cells physiologically respond to the mechanical properties of their underlying matrices, how blood cells interact with their mechanical microenvironment of vascular matrices remains poorly understood. To that end, we developed microfluidic systems that achieve high fidelity, high resolution, single-micron PDMS features that mimic the physical geometries of vascular matrices. With these electron beam lithography (EBL)-based microsystems, the physical interactions of individual blood cells with the mechanical properties of the matrices can be directly visualized. We observe that the physical presence of the matrix, in and of itself, mediates hematologic processes of the three major blood cell types: platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes. First, we find that the physical presence of single micron micropillars creates a shear microgradient that is sufficient to cause rapid, localized platelet adhesion and aggregation that leads to complete microchannel occlusion; this response is enhanced with the presence of fibrinogen or collagen on the micropillar surface. Second, we begin to describe the heretofore unknown biophysical parameters for the formation of schistocytes, pathologic erythrocyte fragments associated with various thrombotic microangiopathies (poorly understood, yet life-threatening blood disorders associated with microvascular thrombosis). Finally, we observe that the physical interactions with a vascular matrix is sufficient to cause neutrophils to form procoagulant neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-like structures. By combining electron beam lithography (EBL), photolithography, and soft lithography, we thus create microfluidic devices that provide novel insight into the response of blood cells to the mechanical microenvironment of vascular matrices and have promise as research-enabling and diagnostic platforms.
Malignant Otitis Externa

Malignant otitis externa (MOE) is a rare, invasive infection of the temporal bone that arises in the external auditory canal. Most cases are due to Pseudomonas and occur in older diabetic patients. Untreated infection can extend to surrounding soft tissues and bones (temporomandibular joint, nasopharynx, petrous apex , skull base). The infection is subacute to chronic in presentation but potentially life-threatening. The correct diagnosis is often missed for weeks to months because the clinician is unfamiliar with the signs and symptoms of MOE. The high mortality rate seen in early series prompted the adjective “malignant,” but recent series have demonstrated that cure is possible in all cases if MOE is diagnosed early and treated appropriately. This chapter reviews the clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of MOE.