cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ABS and CPE modifiers in rigid PVC

A comparison of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) as PVC modifiers showed ABS to improve processability at low concentrations. CPE is more effective at high levels. Almost all the modifiers improved impact strength dramatically at 10 parts per hundred of resin. CPE containing 36 percent chlorine was the most effective, but reduced PVC modulus and heat-deflection temperature more than ABS.
Transients in chiral media with single-resonance dispersion: reply to comment

We reply to Oughstun’s Comment [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A12, 626 ( 1995)] on our paper [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A10, 740 ( 1993)] by describing how the results of our analysis of signal arrival for the case that we studied in our paper, namely, arrival of a modulated unit-step signal in lossless chiral media with use of a single-resonance Lorentz model with zero damping and in the region of normal dispersion, are valid and correct.
Isolation of adult mouse myogenic progenitors: Functional heterogeneity of cells within and engrafting skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle regeneration in adults is thought to occur through the action of myogenic satellite cells located in close association with mature muscle fibers; however, these precursor cells have not been prospectively isolated, and recent studies have suggested that additional muscle progenitors, including cells of bone marrow or hematopoietic origin, may exist. To clarify the origin(s) of adult myogenic cells, we used phenotypic, morphological, and functional criteria to identify and prospectively isolate a subset of myofiber-associated cells capable at the single cell level of generating myogenic colonies at high frequency. Importantly, although muscle-engrafted cells from marrow and/or circulation localized to the same anatomic compartment as myogenic satellite cells and expressed some though not all satellite cell markers, they displayed no intrinsic myogenicity. Together, these studies describe the clonal isolation of functional adult myogenic progenitors and demonstrate that these cells do not arise from hematopoietic or other bone marrow or circulating precursors.
Known and potential functions for the SLP-76 adapter protein in regulating T-cell activation and development

The hematopoietic adapter protein SLP-76 is a critical component of multiple biochemical signaling 'circuits' in T cells that integrate proximal signaling events initiated by ligation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) into more distal pathways. Given the important role ascribed to TCR signaling in directing the outcome of thymocyte selection, it seems likely that SLP-76 may also function in signaling pathways that ultimately impact the establishment of the peripheral T-cell repertoire. It is generally accepted that the peripheral T-cell repertoire is selected in large part during T-cell development in the thymus. Molecular interactions between the TCR and self-peptide/major histocompatibility complexes expressed on thymic stromal elements dictate the fate of developing thymocytes. Thymocyte survival and further maturation (positive selection) require an active signal delivered to the cell as a consequence of TCR ligation. This raises the intriguing question of how a thymocyte can, for a narrow window of developmental time, obtain responsiveness to self while maintaining tolerance to these same determinants upon export to the periphery. This article reviews the current literature describing SLP-76-dependent signaling pathways in mature T cells and developing thymocytes. A potential role for this critical signaling intermediate in integrating signals leading to positive and negative selection of the peripheral T-cell repertoire is also discussed.
Small molecule growth inhibitors of human oncogenic gammaherpesvirus infected B-cells

Abstract Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two human gammaherpesviruses associated with a broad spectrum of B-cell lymphomas, most acutely in immuno-compromised populations. However, there are no drugs which specifically target KSHV or EBV-associated lymphomas. To identify small molecules which selectively inhibit the growth of EBV or KSHV-associated B-cell lines, we performed a fluorescence based high-throughput screen on multiple stable GFP expressing virus-infected or uninfected B-cell lines. We identified 40 initial compounds with selective growth inhibition and subsequently determined the 50% growth inhibitory concentrations (GI 50 ) for each drug. We further examined compounds with higher specificity to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms using transcription factor analysis, as well as a shRNA based knockdown strategy. Our data identified ten compounds with relatively high efficacy for growth inhibition. Two novel small molecules, NSC#10010 and NSC#65381 were potent growth inhibitors for gammaherpesvirus-associated B-lymphomas through activation of both the NF-κB and c-Myc-mediated signaling pathways. These drugs can serve as potential lead compounds to expand the current therapeutic window against EBV or KSHV-associated human B-cell malignancies.
Controlled‐source audiofrequency magnetotelluric responses of three‐dimensional bodies

Modeling the controlled‐source audiofrequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) responses of simple three‐dimensional (3-D) structures due to a grounded electric bipole confirms that the CSAMT technique accurately simulates plane‐wave results in the far‐field zone of the transmitter. However, at receiver sites located above large conductive or resistive bodies, the presence of the inhomogeneity extends or reduces, respectively, the frequency range of the far‐field zone. Measurements made on the surface beyond a large 3-D body display a small but spatially extensive effect due to decay of the artificial primary field. Situating a 3-D inhomogeneity beneath the source permits an evaluation of “source overprint” effects. When such a body is resistive, a slight shift in the near‐field response to higher frequencies occurs. When a body below the transmitter is conductive, it is possible to make far‐field measurements closer to the transmitter or lower in frequency. However, as the size of the conductor and its secondary‐...
Vibration of thermally stressed pretwisted cantilever composite plates

Fig. 5 Variations of the magnitude of the e ow response kk ( (u, v)kk as a function of the suction wave number ® and wave speed cr for Re= 5 ££ 10 3 ; continuous and dashed lines correspond to the symmetric and asymmetric suctions, respectively. eigensolution (TS wave) and a unique asymmetric particular solution of the inhomogeneous problem. A very large response of the e ow is possible in this case but requires a perfect tuning between the neutral TS wave and the surface suction wave. Results presented in Fig. 3 demonstrate that linear theory is inadequate in the neighborhood of (linear) neutral stability points and a nonlineartheorymustbeusedregardlessofthemagnitudeofthesuction. The nonlinear effectmay expand therangeofthe TSinstability and may initiate an instability of the type studied in Ref. 1. Figure 5 shows e ow response to surface suction for the subcritical value of Reynolds number Re = 5 £ 10 3 when all TS waves are stable. The near resonance between the TS and the surface suction waves may lower the critical Reynolds number due to the subharmonic character of the instability, provided that suction with sufe ciently large amplitude is used. IV. Conclusions The preceding results demonstrate that small suction nonuniformities may affect the e owinstability only if they contain the critical or near-critical suction waves, that is, waves with the same or almost the same wave number a and phase speed cr as the neutral TS waves. Suction waves slightly detuned with the neutral TS waves mayaffectinstabilityprovidedthattheamplitudeofsuctionnonuniformitiesislargeenough. Our conclusionscould be readilytestedin a e owwith a fewsuction slots at the wall that could emulate suction waves with the desired wave number and phase speed.
A parallel two-level method for simulating blood flows in branching arteries with the resistive boundary condition

Computer modeling of blood flows in the arteries is an important and very challenging problem. In order to understand, computationally, the sophisticated hemodynamics in the arteries, it is essential to couple the fluid flow and the elastic wall structure effectively and specify physiologically realistic boundary conditions. The computation is expensive and the parallel scalability of the solution algorithm is a key issue of the simulation. In this paper, we introduce and study a parallel two-level Newton–Krylov–Schwarz method for simulating blood flows in compliant branching arteries by using a fully coupled system of linear elasticity equation and incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with the resistive boundary condition. We first focus on the accuracy of the resistive boundary condition by comparing it with the standard pressure type boundary condition. We then show the parallel scalability results of the two-level approach obtained on a supercomputer with a large number of processors and on problems with millions of unknowns.
'Corporation Law is Dead': Heroic Managerialism, the Cold War, and the Puzzle of Corporation Law at the Height of the American Century

In 1962, the corporation law scholar Bayless Manning famously wrote that “[C]orporation law, as a field of intellectual effort, is dead in the United States.” Looking back, most scholars have agreed, concluding that corporation law from the 1940s to the 1970s was stagnant, only rescued from its doldrums by the triumph of modern finance and the theory of the firm in the 1980s. What a strange time, though, for corporation law to be “dead” — the same decades that the American corporation had seized the commanding heights of the world economy, and gripped the imagination of social and political theorists. This paper takes a new look at mid-century corporation law, situating it within larger economic and political developments, in order to explain the distinctive features of corporate law in the “long 1950s,” why the field appeared vibrant at the time, and how later changes in the American political economy led most to eventually agree with Manning’s diagnosis. In the process, it aims not merely to restore a lost episode to the history of American law but to tell readers something about the nature of corporate law and how it changes from era to era.
The mechanics of an organized wave in turbulent shear flow

Some preliminary results on the behaviour of controlled wave disturbances introduced artificially into turbulent channel flow are reported. Weak plane-wave disturbances are introduced by vibrating ribbons near each wall. The amplitude and relative phase of the streamwise component of the induced wave is educed from a hot wire signal, allowing the wave speed and attenuation characteristics and the wave shape to be traced downstream. The normal component and wave Reynolds stress have been inferred from these data. It appears that Orr–Sommerfeld theories attempted to date are inadequate for description of these waves.
FINE-SCALE POPULATION STRUCTURE IN THE WOOD FROG (RANA SYLVATICA) IN A NORTHERN WOODLAND

We investigated the genetic structure of wood frog (Rana sylvatica) populations in a woodland habitat around Lake Itasca, Minnesota, USA. Based on published studies of wood frog movement patterns, we expected to find genetic differentiation at inter-population distances exceeding a few kilometers. We sampled 10 populations separated by 95 m to 9.6 km. Of five microsatellite loci developed for a study of R. sylvatica in North Dakota, only three were polymorphic in the Itasca sample. We found some evidence for statistically significant differences among populations, with the greatest magnitude estimates of FST derived from comparisons involving the most isolated populations. The smallest geographic distance associated with a statistically significant genetic difference was 1070 m, but most populations were very similar in allele frequencies, even at distances greater than several kilometers. Small sample sizes and the small number of loci limited the strength of any conclusions regarding fine-scale populati...
Liability reform should make patients safer: "avoidable classes of events" are a key improvement.

Too many patients are injured in the course of medical care. This truth is as distressing now as it was four years ago when it began an article in this journal’s last similar symposium. Many or most injuries seem preventable. Yet today’s systems of care and of oversight of care too often fail to prevent them, despite generations of increasing legal intervention. Few injuries are litigated, even fewer addressed through medical peer review or state disciplinary authorities. The Institute of Medicine’s (IOM’s) landmark report To Err Is Human brought patient safety to national attention when released in late 1999. Half a decade later, significant reduction of injury remains a distant prospect, despite some apparent progress.
A tool for imprecise calculations in engineering systems

This paper outlines a method for propagating imprecise constraints in engineering design. An interactive CAD tool implementation is described. To enable rapid propagation, we develop an extension of the level interval algorithm capable of handling arbitrary nonlinear constraints, and implement it in the CAD tool. A simple engineering example is illustrated. >
FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR THE STRUCTURE OF THE SUBTILISIN PROPEPTIDE AND FOR ITS INTERACTIONS WITH MATURE SUBTILISIN

Evidence is presented for some secondary structure, very likely alpha-helical, of the propeptide of subtilisin E in aqueous salt solution, as well as for strong intermolecular interactions between the propeptide and the mature sequence both in the processed and unprocessed states (i.e. in prosubtilisin). Prosubtilisin is shown to exist as a dimer according to size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography under nondenaturing conditions; that dimer may be on the autoprocessing pathway. According to such a model, the prosequence of one prosubtilisin molecule is the template for the refolding of the mature sequence of the second, and, in turn, the hydrolytic process is intermolecular as well. Support for such an intermolecular folding model also includes potent slow binding inhibition of subtilisin by the propeptide, specific proteolysis of the propeptide by subtilisin, and evidence for intermolecular processing under a variety of conditions.
Distress Tolerance as a Predictor of Adherence to a Yoga Intervention Moderating Roles of BMI and Body Image

This study tested whether distress tolerance, body image, and body mass index (BMI) predicted adherence to a yoga intervention. Participants were 27 women who participated in a yoga intervention as part of a randomized controlled trial. Attendance and distress tolerance were assessed weekly, and body image and BMI were measured at baseline. Multilevel modeling revealed a three-way interaction of distress tolerance, BMI, and body image (p < .001). For participants with few body image concerns, distress tolerance was positively associated with adherence regardless of BMI (p = .009). However, for those with poor body image, increases in distress tolerance were associated with increases in adherence among overweight participants (p < .001) but lower adherence among obese participants (p = .007). Distress tolerance may be implicated in adherence to a yoga intervention, although its effects may be dependent on body image concerns, BMI, and their interaction. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
SOLAR RADIATION TORQUE MODELING FOR FAME SPIN AXIS PRECESSION

This paper presents a detailed description of solar radiation torque modeling for the Full-Sky Astrometric Mapping Explorer (FAME). During the science data collection, the spinning FAME spacecraft employs solar radiation torque generated by its sun shield to precess the vehicle spin axis about the sun-spacecraft line. The FAME sun shield consists of surfaces with various geometric shapes and optical properties. A modeling procedure is developed to accommodate potential geometric shape errors and surface optical property variations and to assess their impacts on solar precession performance. Simulation results are presented to exhibit the effects of geometric and optical property variations on solar precession performance.
Red Blood Cell Antibodies in Hematology/Oncology Patients: Interpretation of Immunohematologic Tests and Clinical Significance of Detected Antibodies

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a cornerstone of the management of patients with hematology/oncology disorders. However, a potentially deleterious consequence of transfusion is the development of alloantibodies against blood group antigens present on RBCs. Such alloantibodies can be an obstacle in providing compatible units for transfusion. Providers in this arena must fully understand the testing performed by blood banks, as well as the consequences of detected antibodies. This article reviews immunohematologic tests, describes how autoimmune hemolytic anemia is classified by autoantibodies; outlines RBC alloimmunization rates, and presents strategies to prevent/mitigate the impact of RBC alloimmunization.
Biliary duct hamartomas in polycystic liver disease

A 45-year-old Caucasian woman, with no known liver disease, was referred to hepatology clinic for liver biopsy after abnormal image findings during a recent adult chicken pox infection. She presented with mildly elevated alkaline phosphatase of 170 U/L and γ-glutamyltransferase of 267 U/L. In clinic, she was asymptomatic with a negative review of systems. Initial laboratory evaluation, including a basic metabolic panel, complete blood count, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and direct/indirect bilirubin …
Expression and Regulation of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Central Nervous System Diseases

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is found in surface of cells in various tissues,which is a adhesion molecule with wide range of biological activity and plays an important role in inflammatory and immune response,signal transduction,tissue repair and many other physiological and pathological processes.In this paper,ICAM-1 expression and regulation in the body,as well as some actions in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases are reviewed.
Isolated hypogastric artery aneurysms

Although isolated hypogastric artery aneurysms are among the rarest of all aortoiliac aneurysms, they are among the most devastating. Two cases, one with rupture directly into the urinary bladder, are presented and the typical clinical triad of compressive symptoms, pelvic mass, and previous aneurysm is described. Intraoperative management is predicated upon sac obliteration with minimal tissue dissection. An aggressive approach to asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic aneurysms is urged due to the very high mortality following rupture.
Acute sleep restriction increases dietary intake in preschool‐age children

Epidemiological findings suggest short sleep duration is associated with overweight and obesity across the lifespan. In adults, experimental sleep loss increases caloric intake more than total daily energy needs, thus leading to weight gain. To date, little is known about the relationship between sleep restriction and dietary intake in preschool children. Healthy children (n = 10; 41.2 ± 5.4 months; 5 females) followed a strict sleep schedule for 5 days before each experimental condition: 1 day of baseline sleep (nap and scheduled bedtime/wake time) and 1 day of sleep restriction (no-nap and ~2.3 h bedtime delay). Standardized parent-report dietary intake measures were obtained on baseline, sleep restriction and sleep recovery (ad libitum sleep opportunity in the 24-h following sleep restriction) days. As designed, children slept ~3 h less on the sleep restriction than the baseline day (P < 0.001), with no significant differences in sleep between baseline and recovery days (verified with actigraphy). Repeated-measures anovas indicated differences across conditions in total kilocalories, sugar, carbohydrate and fat intake (all P < 0.05; no differences in protein). Post hoc tests revealed that compared with baseline, children consumed 21% more kilocalories, 25% more sugar and 26% more carbohydrates on the day of sleep restriction, as well as 14% more kilocalories and 23% more fat on the day of sleep recovery (all P < 0.05). Findings suggest that acute sleep loss increases dietary intake in preschoolers both on the day of and the day after sleep restriction. Increased kilocalorie intake may promote weight gain over time and be a mechanism through which short sleep contributes to childhood obesity risk.
Development and evaluation of an intermediate-level elective course on medical Spanish for pharmacy students.

Abstract Background and Purpose: The Spanish-speaking population in the United States is increasing rapidly, and there is a need for additional educational efforts, beyond teaching basic medical Spanish terminology, to increase the number of Spanish-speaking pharmacists able to provide culturally appropriate care to this patient population. This article describes the development and evaluation of an intermediate-level elective course where students integrated pharmacy practice skills with Spanish-language skills and cultural competency. Educational Activity and Setting: Medical Spanish for Pharmacists was developed as a two-credit elective course for pharmacy students in their third-professional-year who possessed a certain level of Spanish language competence. The course was designed so that students would combine patient care skills such as obtaining a medication list and providing patient education, and pharmacotherapy knowledge previously learned in the curriculum, along with Spanish-language skills, and apply them to simulated Spanish-speaking patients. Elements to promote cultural competency were integrated throughout the course through a variety of methods, including a service learning activity. Findings: Successful attainment of course goals and objectives were demonstrated through quizzes, assignments, examinations, and an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Based on these course assessments, students performed well during both offerings of the course. Discussion: While the class cohort size was small in the two offerings of the course, the Medical Spanish for Pharmacists elective may still serve as an example for other pharmacy programs as an innovative approach in combining Spanish language, specific pharmacy skills, cultural competency, and service learning.
Dorsal Approach to the Distal Radius

This chapter describes in detail the surgical steps involved in dorsal approach to the distal radius for treatment of displaced, comminuted, intra-articular or extra-articular distal radius fractures. Details of dorsal sparing capsulotomy, articular reduction, and fixation of distal radius are discussed. Indications, preoperative markings, surgical steps, postoperative care, operative dictation, and suggested readings are included.
A practical exact maximum compatibility algorithm for reconstruction of recent evolutionary history

Maximum compatibility is a method of phylogenetic reconstruction that is seldom applied to molecular sequences. It may be ideal for certain applications, such as reconstructing phylogenies of closely-related bacteria on the basis of whole-genome sequencing. Here I present an algorithm that rapidly computes phylogenies according to a compatibility criterion. Although based on solutions to the maximum clique problem, this algorithm deals properly with ambiguities in the data. The algorithm is applied to bacterial data sets containing up to nearly 2000 genomes with several thousand variable nucleotide sites. Run times are several seconds or less. Computational experiments show that maximum compatibility is less sensitive than maximum parsimony to the inclusion of nucleotide data that, though derived from actual sequence reads, has been identified as likely to be misleading. Maximum compatibility is a useful tool for certain phylogenetic problems, such as inferring the relationships among closely-related bacteria from whole-genome sequence data. The algorithm presented here rapidly solves fairly large problems of this type, and provides robustness against misleading characters than can pollute large-scale sequencing data.
Verbal Person-Centered Support Provision Quality Following an Exploratory Supportive Skills Intervention

Research suggests that individuals can experience positive physical, mental, and relational outcomes following the reception of high-quality verbal person-centered (VPC) support. In addition, researchers contend that two variables predict the likelihood of high VPC support provision, the first being ability to provide VPC support, and the second consisting of motivation to do so. Nevertheless, few researchers have attempted to increase individuals’ ability or motivation to provide high-quality VPC messages to personal network members. This exploratory investigation assessed whether a supportive skills training intervention prompted increased ability and motivation to utilize high-quality VPC messages across generalized supportive interactions. Participants completed a two-week supportive skills intervention involving classroom-based modules and personal journaling of support conversations. Results provided initial evidence that support interventions can encourage providers to utilize higher quality VPC me...
Functional Analysis in Virtual Environments.

Functional analysis (FA) is an assessment procedure involving the systematic manipulation of an individual’s environment to determine why a target behavior is occurring. An analog FA provides practitioners the opportunity to manipulate variables in a controlled environment and formulate a hypothesis for the function of a behavior. In previous studies, researchers have attempted to train practitioners who have no experience with FA to implement the conditions with procedural integrity. In these studies, researchers used a traditional professional development model (e.g., didactic training, role-play). To date, simulation and virtual environments have not been used to enhance FA training procedures in the preparation of teachers and behavior analysts. In the current investigation, we sought to train educators to implement two test conditions of an analog FA (i.e., attention, escape). The intervention package included a didactic training and individual and group-rehearsed FA trainings in a virtual environmen...
Boot Camp To Improve Student Perception and Performance in Sophomore Organic Chemistry? Hoorah!

The sophomore organic chemistry sequence (Organic I and II) has a reputation: one that has prospective students worried. Their anxiety is well-founded, given estimates of the national success rate (defined as a grade of “C” or better) of 50–75%. In an attempt to improve both student success and student opinions about chemistry, we implemented a one-week “boot camp” (preparatory) course that we called Preparing for Organic Chemistry. This course reviewed the concepts of general chemistry required for success in Organic Chemistry I and II. We found improvements in student opinion of Organic Chemistry I (both before starting and after taking the course). Further, we have found that the boot camp had a measurable and statistically significant impact on student success rates.
Etiology of Cancer-Induced Male Infertility

Male fertility can be temporarily or permanently affected by cancer in various ways. The disease process as well as treatments of cancer can impair the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, the structural and functional integrity of the germinal epithelium, and male sexual function. This chapter discusses how cancer in males of reproductive age can cause or worsen male factor infertility through its pre-testicular, testicular, and post-testicular components.
Force-velocity-power and force-pCa relationships of human soleus fibers after 17 days of bed rest

Soleus muscle fibers from the rat display a reduction in peak power and Ca2+ sensitivity after hindlimb suspension. To examine human responses to non-weight bearing, we obtained soleus biopsies fro...
Line Integrals, Multiple Integrals

There is a curious contradiction in the standard presentation of integral calculus. It is an ancient subject rooted in the geometric investigations of Archimedes of Syracuse (287 –212 B.C.).
Healthy? Tasty? Children’s evaluative categorization of novel foods

Abstract This study examined how preschoolers think about novel foods in terms of health and taste. Thirty-nine children ages 4–6 years (M = 4.67) participated in a categorization task in which they saw a picture of a novel food paired with verbal information. Children then evaluated foods by taste and health and rated how much they would like to try the foods. Children displayed a preference for packaged foods by indicating they were yummy and more willing to try them, suggesting a possible association with food marketing. Children readily evaluated foods as healthy when told it “makes you strong” but did not reliably evaluate them as yummy when told it “tastes delicious”, suggesting more wariness about adults’ taste evaluations.
Probing orientation information using 3-dimensional reciprocal space volume analysis.

The crystallographic texture of polycrystalline materials is the result of how these materials are processed and what external forces materials have experienced. Neutron and X-ray diffraction are standard methods to characterize global crystallographic textures. However, conventional neutron and X-ray texture analyses rely on pole figure inversion routines derived from intensity analysis of individual reflections or powder Rietveld analysis to reconstruct and model the orientation distribution from slices through reciprocal space. In this work, we describe an original approach to directly probe the crystallographic texture information of rolled aluminum from the intensity distribution in 3-dimensional reciprocal space volumes measured simultaneously. Using the TOPAZ time-of-flight Laue neutron diffractometer, reciprocal space analysis allowed determination of “pole spheres” with <1° angular resolution. These pole spheres are compared with reconstructed pole figures from classic texture analysis.
Diel periodicity and visual cues guide oviposition behavior in Phlebotomus papatasi, vector of old-world cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Background: Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of human leishmaniases, important neglected tropical diseases. In this study, we investigated diel patterns of oviposition behavior, effects of visual cues on oviposition-site selection, and whether these affect the attraction of gravid Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli), the vector of old-world cutaneous leishmaniasis, to olfactory cues from oviposition sites. Methodology/principal findings: To evaluate these questions, we conducted a series of experiments using attraction and oviposition assays within free-flight test chambers containing gravid females entrained under a 14:10 hrs light:dark photoperiod. By replacing sticky-screens or moist filter papers every three hours, we showed that oviposition site search occurs mainly in the latest part of the night whereas peak oviposition occurs during the early part of the night. Behavioral responses to olfactory oviposition cues are regulated by time-of-day and can be disrupted by transient exposure to a constant darkness photoperiod. Gravid females, but not any other stage, age, or sex, were attracted to dark, round oviposition jars, possibly resembling rodent burrow openings. This visual attraction disappeared in the absence of an illumination source. Egg deposition rate was not affected by jar color. Olfactory cues had the strongest effect when the visual cues were minimal. Conclusion and significance: Our study showed, for the first time, that visual cues in the form of oviposition-site color, lighting level, and photoperiod are important in guiding the oviposition behavior of phlebotomine sand flies. Furthermore, such visual cues could modify the flies’ sensitivity to olfactory oviposition cues. Our results suggest that chemosensory and visual cues are complementary, with visual cues used to orient gravid females towards oviposition sites, possibly at long- to medium-ranges during crepuscular periods, while olfactory cues are used to approach the burrow in darkness and assess its suitability at close-range. Implications to sand fly control are discussed.
The integrability condition of deformations of CR structures

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the integrability condition of deformations of CR structures, The parameterization of deformations of a complex manifold by type (1, 0)-valued differential forms of type (0, 1) and the representation of the integrability condition by differential equations on the forms were the keys to open the way to apply the theory of elliptic partial differential equations to deformation theory of complex manifolds. The chapter describes that a similar parameterization and representation can be obtained for CR structures… For the purpose of studying the integrability condition of deformations, a CR structure, denoted by °T" is fixed on M induced by an embedding i : M → N into a complex manifold N of codimension 1 together with a subbundle F ⊂ TM of fiber real dimension 1 such that ( °T′ = °T″), providing the expression TM = °T" + °T' + F .
Inclusion of Angular Momentum in FREYA

The event-by-event fission model FREYA generates large samples of complete fission events from which any observable can extracted, including fluctuations of the observables and the correlations between them. We describe here how FREYA was recently refined to include angular momentum throughout. Subsequently we present some recent results for both neutron and photon observables.
Equilibrium Theory of Kolmogorov and Onsager

Homogeneous turbulence cannot be in equilibrium since the kinetic energy \(\mathcal{K}(t)\) (kinetic energy is usually denoted by k, but the notation is changed to avoid confusion with the wavenumber) of turbulence can be shown to satisfy in this case.
A method for the numerical solution of turbulent flow problems

An integro-differential formulation, previously established for the study of incompressible laminar flow problems is modified and used in conjunction with the turbulent kinetic energy-energy dissipation rate model for the study of turbulent flow problems. It is demonstrated that the kinematics of the mean turbulent motion is identical to that of the laminar motion. The kinetic aspect of the turbulent flow is significantly more complex. The integro-differential formulation for the turbulent flow retains the important features of the laminar flow and permits the solution field to be confined to the vortical region. Numerical results are presented for several problems involving simple flow boundaries and compared with available experimental data.
Prostatic Metaplasia of the Vagina and Uterine Cervix: An Androgen-associated Glandular Lesion of Surface Squamous Epithelium

Prostatic-type differentiation in the lower female genital tract is encountered rarely and its causes and clinical associations are not well established. Within the vagina, reports to date have invariably described ectopic prostatic-type differentiation as restricted to the lamina propria. We recently encountered a patient receiving testosterone for gender dysphoria whose vaginectomy specimen showed a prostatic glandular proliferation within the surface epithelium. To elucidate its potential association with androgen exposure, we sought similar lesions, resected over a 26-year period, from patients with exogenous or endogenous androgen excess. Thirteen cases were identified, involving the vagina (n=12) and exocervix (n=1). The most common clinical context was gender dysphoria with long-term testosterone therapy; the lesion was present in 7 of 8 gender-dysphoric patients examined. Four other patients had congenital disorders of sexual development associated with endogenous androgen excess (congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 46,XY disorder of sexual development, and ovotesticular disorder of sexual development). Two had no known exposure to androgen excess. Immunohistochemically, glands stained for NKX3.1 (100% of cases), androgen receptor (100%), CK7 (92%), and prostate-specific antigen (69%). Follow-up (median duration, 11 mo) showed no masses or neoplasia. We propose the designation "androgen-associated prostatic metaplasia" for this form of prostate tissue with distinctive clinical, histologic and immunohistochemical features. It is novel and previously unrecognized within the vagina. It is strikingly prevalent among patients undergoing gender-affirming surgery, an increasingly common procedure. Recognition is important to distinguish it from other potentially neoplastic glandular lesions and facilitate accrual of more follow-up data to better understand its natural history.
Domestic Accounting Standards, International Accounting Standards, and the Predictability of Earnings

We investigate (1) whether the variation in accounting standards across national boundaries relative to International Accounting Standards (IAS) has an impact on the ability of financial analysts to forecast non-U.S. firms’ earnings accurately, and (2) whether analyst forecast accuracy changes after firms adopt IAS. IAS are a set of financial reporting policies that typically require increased disclosure and restrict management’s choices of measurement methods relative to the accounting standards of our sample firms’ countries of domicile. We develop indexes of differences in countries’ accounting disclosure and measurement policies relative to IAS, and document that greater differences in accounting standards relative to IAS are significantly and positively associated with the absolute value of analyst earnings forecast errors. Further, we show that analyst forecast accuracy improves after firms adopt IAS. More specifically, after controlling for changes in the market value of equity, changes in analyst following, and changes in the number of news reports, we find that the convergence in firms’ accounting policies brought about by adopting IAS is positively associated with the reduction in analyst forecast errors.
Real-time nuclear activation detectors for measuring neutron angular distributions at the National Ignition Facility (invited).

The Real Time Nuclear Activation Detector (RTNAD) array at NIF measures the distribution of 14 MeV neutrons emitted by deuterium-tritium (DT) fueled inertial confinement fusion implosions. The uniformity of the neutron distribution is an important indication of implosion symmetry and DT shell integrity. The array consists of 48 LaBr3(Ce) crystal gamma-ray spectrometers mounted outside the NIF target chamber, which continuously monitor the slow decay of the 909 keV gamma-ray line from activated 89Zr located in Zr cups surrounding each crystal. The measured decay rate dramatically increases during a DT implosion in proportion to the number of 14 MeV neutrons striking each Zr cup. The neutrons produce activated 89Zr through an (n, 2n) reaction on 90Zr, which is insensitive to low energy neutrons. The neutron flux along the detector line-of-sight at shot time is determined by extrapolating the fitted 909 keV decay curve back to shot time. Automatic analysis algorithms were developed to handle the non-stop data stream. The large number of detectors and the high statistical accuracy of the array enable the spherical harmonic modes of the neutron angular distribution to be measured up to L ≤ 4 to provide a better understanding of implosion dynamics. In addition, these data combined with measurements of the down-scattered neutrons can be used to derive fuel areal density distributions. This paper will describe the RTNAD hardware and analysis procedures.
Integrating social-emotional-behavioral screening with early warning indicators in a high school setting

The authors compared data from a social-emotional-behavior screener (i.e., the Student Risk Screening Scale—Internalizing and Externalizing [SRSS-IE]) with data from a high school early warning sys...
Abstract LB256: Dynamic kindlin-2 complexes containing a laminin-binding integrin are responsive to hypoxia

The laminin-binding integrins are mechanosensory receptors critical for cell adhesion and structural organization that link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cytoskeleton. Integrin α6β1 is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) invasion, metastasis and decreased cancer-specific survival. Kindlins are integrin adaptors and mechanosensory focal adhesion (FA) proteins that activate and cluster integrins in response to structural ECM alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia is a well-known inducer of tumor migration and invasion, results in ECM remodeling, and is physiologically relevant for PCa. The study9s objective was to determine if integrin-kindlin-2 adhesion complexes were responsive to hypoxia and the dynamic distribution of integrin-kindlin-2 complexes using immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM). The methods included a combination of biochemical analysis of kindlin-2 adhesion complexes, qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. DU145 cells were analyzed in HEPES-containing media with 10% FBS under hypoxic conditions (1% O2) continuously exposed for 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours. The results showed that hypoxia increased the mRNA expression of CAIX, a well-known HIF-1α target gene, within 4 hours, resulting in 7-fold maximum expression. Similarly, VEGF-A mRNA was responsive to hypoxia as expected. In contrast, HIF-1α, α6 integrin, and kindlin-2 mRNA levels remained unchanged as compared to normoxia. Strikingly, we found that kindlin-2-containing adhesion complexes increased under hypoxia conditions as compared to normoxia and detected by immunoprecipitation, the complexes contained α6β1 integrin. It is important to note that the constitutive levels of either α6 integrin or kindlin-2 were not altered by hypoxia. Using IFM under normoxic conditions, we confirmed the location of kindlin-2 within phosphorylated (Y31) paxillin (pPXN)-containing FAs and within extended plasma membrane domains exclusive of pPXN. However, under hypoxic conditions, an increased reorganization of pPXN-containing kindlin-2 complexes occurred within 4 hours, was continuously changing up to 16 hours, with increasing fibrillar forms of FAs. In addition, kindlin-2 was observed as increased in plasma membrane protrusions devoid pPXN. The dynamic nature of the hypoxia-driven FAs was observed by a time course analysis and indicated the apparent assembly and disassembly of the structures during 16-hours of PCa cells exposed to hypoxia. We conclude that kindlin-2-integrin complexes are responsive to hypoxia and contain the unexpected α6β1 integrin in the membrane exclusive of FAs. (Partially supported by NIH grants CA P30 23074, DOD W81XWH-19-1-0455, and NCI R01 CA242226). Citation Format: Daniel Hernandez-Cortes, Beatrice S. Knudsen, Noel A. Warfel, Anne E. Cress. Dynamic kindlin-2 complexes containing a laminin-binding integrin are responsive to hypoxia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB256.
Envisioning Colonial Landscapes Using Mission Registers, Radiocarbon, and Stable Isotopes: An Experimental Approach from San Francisco Bay

The periodization used to distinguish sites and artifacts as "prehistoric" or "historic" translates to the selection of field methods and analytical techniques. This comes at the expense of developing new approaches to track continuities and adjustments in Native American site use, technologies, and other cultural traditions, such as mobility across an artificial divide between prehistory and history. To evaluate the mobility of Coast Miwok people in colonial San Francisco Bay, California, this article presents an experimental technique that compares radiocarbon and geochemical data from a Late period Phase 2(A.D. 1500-1800) shellmound (CA-MRN-114) to baptismal records from Spanish missions (A.D.l 776-1830s). Supported by eyewitness accounts of native fugitivism, furlough, and foraging at the missions, Coast Miwok baptisms before 1817 are at their lowest during traditional times of mussel harvests. After 1817, a different pattern is examined vis-d-vis the colonial landscapes taking shape in the region. Radiocarbon, geochemical, and documentary evidence supports the conclusion that seasonally oriented Coast Miwok mobility involving the collection of shellfish continued even during missionization. With further refinement, the proposed methodological framework holds promise for documenting patterns that often go unseen in the historical record and enhancing the archaeology of colonialism in North America.
Postcoital Vaginal Rupture in a Young Woman with No Prior Pelvic Surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction Reports of postcoital vaginal rupture in the literature are limited to cases involving women who are postmenopausal, have recently undergone pelvic surgery, or have suffered genitourinary trauma. Aim We report a case of postcoital vaginal rupture in a 23‐year‐old woman with no prior surgical history who complained of acute onset, severe vaginal pain after consensual intercourse. Results Examination under anesthesia revealed a 6‐cm laceration of the posterior fornix, which extended into the abdominal cavity. The laceration was repaired using a combined vaginal and laparoscopic approach. Conclusions Coitus‐induced vaginal rupture in a reproductive aged woman with no prior pelvic surgery or other risk factors is a rare clinical presentation. Prior reports of rupture in premenopausal women have recommended repair via laparotomy. This case documents successful transvaginal and laparoscopic repair, and reviews the etiological mechanisms for coitus‐induced injury. Austin JM, Cooksey CM, Minikel LL, and Zaritsky EF. Postcoital vaginal rupture in a young woman with no prior pelvic surgery. J Sex Med 2013;10:2121–2124.
Effect of increasing the dietary level of rapeseed meal on intake by growing beef steers.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of rapeseed meal on intake by cattle. In the first experiment, the effect of increasing rapeseed meal level on intake, growth, and performance of growing beef steers was evaluated. In the second experiment, the effect of extrusion (glucosinolate reduction) on supplement intake by steers was evaluated. In the third experiment, the effect of increasing dietary rapeseed meal level on supplement intake was evaluated. In the first experiment, rapeseed meal replaced soybean meal at 0, 33, 67, or 100% of the supplemental protein. Dry matter intake, crude protein intake, and serum thyroxine levels were decreased linearly (P .10) supplement intake. Rapeseed meal resulted in lower supplement intakes at .5 and 4 h than the soybean meal and soybean meal+rapeseed oil supplements (P = .003).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Power management points in power-aware real-time systems

Managing power consumption while simultaneously delivering acceptable levels of performance is becoming a critical issue in several application domains such as wireless computing. We integrate compiler-assisted techniques with power-aware operating system services and present scheduling techniques to reduce energy consumption of applications that have deadlines. We show by simulation that our dynamic power management schemes dramatically decrease energy consumption.
Pulitzer-Prize-Winning Photographs and Visual Literacy at The University of Montana:

AbstractThe importance of visual literacy in our current media-saturated culture is becoming increasingly apparent. This article explores the experience of using visual media from the exhibit Capture the Moment: The Pulitzer Prize Photographs to encourage information literacy in undergraduate students enrolled at The University of Montana. By promoting visual literacy as a cornerstone of lifelong learning, libraries can help users extend their critical thinking skills into the realm of images while simultaneously introducing the complex issues and challenges posed by visual materials.