cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depth-averaged, spatially distributed flow dynamic and solute transport modelling of a large-scaled, subtropical constructed wetland.

Constructed wetlands are being utilized worldwide to effectively reduce excess nutrients in agricultural runoff and wastewater. Despite their frequency, a multi-dimensional, physically based, spatially distributed modelling approach has rarely been applied for flow and solute transport in treatment wetlands. This article presents a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and solute transport modelling of a large-scaled, subtropical, free water surface constructed wetland of about 8 km2 in the Everglades of Florida, USA. In this study, MIKE 21 was adopted as the basic model framework. Field monitoring of the time series hydrological and chloride data, as well as spatially distributed data such as bathymetry and vegetation distribution, provided the necessary model input and testing data. Simulated water level profiles were in good agreement with the spatio-temporal variations of measured ones. On average, the root-mean-square error of model calibration on annual water level fluctuations was 0·09 m. Manning's roughness coefficients for the dense emergent and submerged aquatic vegetation areas, which were estimated as a function of vegetation type, ranged from 0·67 to 1·0 and 0·12 to 0·15 s/m1/3, respectively. The solute transport model calibration for four monitoring sites agreed well with the measured annual variations in chloride concentration with an average percent model error of about 15%. The longitudinal dispersivity was estimated to be about 2 m and was more than an order of magnitude higher than the transverse one. This study is expected to play the role of a stepping stone for future modelling efforts on the development and application of more advanced flow and transport models applicable to a variety of constructed wetland systems, as well as to the Everglades stormwater treatment areas in operation or in preparation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Particle Separation in Microfluidic Channels Using Flow Rate Control

Microfluidic devices for particle recovery are successfully developed by controlling flow rate ratios of two daughter channels. Devices are prepared by using conventional Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) replica molding technique. The flow rate ratios of two daughter channels are controlled by changing the flow resistance through changing the geometry of the downstream channels. The particle recovery studies are conducted using 16 μm-diameter green fluorescent particles and using 8–10 μm-diameter human C8161 melanoma cells. For the fluorescent particles, the particle recovery efficiencies are 87.2%, 95.7%, 100%, and 100% for 2.5:1, 4:1, 6:1, and 8:1 flow rate ratios, respectively. Also, for the human C8161 melanoma cells, the cell recovery efficiencies are 88.7%, 98.9%, 100%, and 100% for 2.5:1, 4:1, 6:1, and 8:1 flow rate ratios, respectively.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Effects of neurosteroid 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one on ethanol-mediated paired-pulse depression of population spikes in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices

Abstract While it is known that ethanol augments GABA-A receptor mediated inhibition in the central nervous system (CNS), demonstrating direct effects of ethanol on GABA transmission has been difficult in brain slices, suggesting that these preparations may lack factors that are required for ethanol's actions. Recent studies indicate that the GABA-enhancing neurosteroid 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α5αP) mediates at least some effects of ethanol in the CNS. In the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices, we found that 60 mM ethanol failed to alter paired pulse depression (PDD) of population spikes (PSs) when paired stimuli were delivered to the Schaffer collateral pathway at an interval of 21 ms. Following 2-h preincubation of slices with 100 nM 3α5αP, however, ethanol augmented PS PPD. This effect was not observed in the presence of picrotoxin, a GABA-A receptor antagonist, or ADVASEP-7, a β-cyclodextrin that binds 3α5αP. These results indicate that 3α5αP modulates the inhibitory effects of ethanol on hippocampal excitability via GABA-A receptors.
Information Technology (IT) and the Healthcare Industry: A SWOT Analysis

The healthcare industry is under pressure to improve patient safety, operate more efficiently, reduce medical errors, and provide secure access to timely information while controlling costs, protecting patient privacy, and complying with legal guidelines. Analysts, practitioners, patients and others have concerns for the industry. Using the popular strategic analysis tool of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT), facing the healthcare industry and its adoption of information technologies (IT) are presented. Internal strengths supporting further industry investment in IT include improved patient safety, greater operational efficiency, and current investments in IT infrastructure. Internal weaknesses, however, include a lack of information system integration, user resistance to new technologies and processes, and slow adoption of IT. External opportunities including increased use of the Internet, a favorable national environment, and a growing call for industry standards are pressured by threats of legal compliance, loss of patient trust, and high cost of IT.
Using Random Forests to Identify Factors of Student Motivation in a Project-Based Learning Course

Grounded in motivation theory, the purpose of this research is to use random forest analysis to identify factors of motivation of students who participate in a project-based learning experience. Our research aims to answer: 1) How does project-based service learning affect students’ motivation as compared to conventional (non-service) project-based learning? 2) How are women affected differentially by project-based service-learning? The research, which began in 2011, was completed over a two-year period. The students and activities in Component Design, an existing junior-level course at the University of Colorado at Boulder served as the research focus. Specifically, project-based service-learning curriculum was implemented into a required design and build activity for Component Design students. Using a conventional design project as the control, how the context of project-based service learning affects aspects of student motivation was studied.This paper discusses the research design, theoretical framework, data analysis methods, and random forest results. Our findings indicate that students’ initial non-technical skills were the most important predictor of motivation in the conventional project-based learning experience and that students’ perceived value of the course and the project were the most important predictors of motivation in the project-based service-learning experience.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The Evolution of Skin Pigmentation and Hair Texture in People of African Ancestry

Our species, Homo sapiens, evolved in Africa, and humanity's highest levels of genetic diversity are maintained there today. Underlying genetic diversity combined with the great range of solar regimes and climatic conditions found in Africa has contributed to a wide range of human integumentary phenotypes within the continent. Millions of Africans have moved, voluntarily and involuntarily, to other continents in the past 2000 years, and the range of integumentary phenotypes among admixed African diaspora populations is enormous. In this contribution, we do not catalog this variation, but provide basic evolutionary background as to how it developed in the first place.
The role of native salinity regime on grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) sensitivity to cadmium.

In euryhaline crustaceans, sensitivity to toxic trace metals may be linked to osmoregulation and salinity conditions. This study investigated if grass shrimp (Palae- monetes pugio) populations from different salinity regimes differed in sensitivity to cadmium (Cd). Grass shrimp were collected in May 2011 from two marsh sites with average salinities of*3.0 ppt and 24.0 ppt. Groups were acclimated for 3-32 weeks in either their respective native salinity (3.0 ppt ? 3.0 ppt and 24.0 ppt ? 24.0 ppt), or the aver- age of the salinities of the two collection sites (3.0 ppt ? 13.5 ppt and 24.0 ppt ? 13.5 ppt). After acclimation, groups were exposed to equivalent free-ion Cd concentration (4.8 ± 0.3 mg/L, Cd 2? ) in their respective acclimated salinity to compare survival among salinity treatments. Results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that 3.0 ppt ? 3.0 ppt shrimp were more sensitive to Cd 2? than any other group (p \ 0.0001). Additionally, 3.0 ppt ? 13.5 ppt shrimp were less sensitive to Cd 2? than were 24.0 ppt ? 13.5 ppt shrimp (p = 0.0013). These results suggest that sensitivity of grass shrimp to Cd is dependent upon the salinity during exposure, and the salinity regime from which the tested population originated. The implication is that toxicity studies and risk assessments using euryhaline crustaceans should consider the salinity of test population collection sites when interpreting and comparing results.
TOUSLED is a nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase that requires a coiled-coil region for oligomerization and catalytic activity

The TOUSLED (TSL) gene is essential for the proper morphogenesis of leaves and flowers in Arabidopsis thaliana. Protein sequence analysis predicts TSL is composed of a carboxyl-terminal protein kinase catalytic domain and a large amino-terminal regulatory domain. TSL fusion proteins, expressed in and purified from yeast, were used to demonstrate TSL protein kinase activity in vitro. TSL trans-autophosphorylates on serine and threonine residues, and phosphorylates exogenous substrates. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, TSL was found to oligomerize via its NH2-terminal domain. A deletion series indicates that a region containing two α-helical segments predicted to participate in a coiled-coil structure is essential for oligomerization. TSL localizes to the nucleus in plant cells through an essential NH2-terminal nuclear localization signal; however, this signal is not necessary for protein kinase activity. Finally, deletion mutants demonstrate a strict correlation between catalytic activity and the ability to oligomerize, arguing that activation of the protein kinase requires interaction between TSL molecules.
Micro- and Nano- Technologies: Roadmap Enabling More Compact, Lightweight Thermoelectric Power Generation and Cooling Systems

Advanced thermoelectric (TE) energy recovery and cooling systems have critical benefits in transportation, industrial process, and military applications because of rising or uncertain energy costs and subsequent need for energy efficiency, geopolitical uncertainties impacting basic energy supplies worldwide, and the need for electrified, distributed cooling and heating systems in automotive applications. Advanced TE energy recovery and cooling technologies will require high-performance heat transfer characteristics to achieve system performance targets and requirements. However, TE energy recovery systems generally have high-temperature thermal transfer requirements (i.e., as high as 750–800 °C), while TE cooling systems require low temperature thermal transfer (i.e., 25 °C – 100 °C). Investigations have compared system power and cooling benefits and system thermal integration challenges of energy recovery and cooling systems using microchannel heat exchangers to provide high heat transfer performance in both high-temperature, high-enthalpy energy streams and low-temperature cooling streams. This work explores the roadmap and vision for using micro-technology solutions integrated with advanced thermoelectric materials in advanced TE power generation and cooling systems. Integrated system-level TE power generation and cooling system analyses demonstrate that inter-related system-level requirements on weight, volume, and performance lead to derived requirements for micro-technology solutions. Nano-technologies and micro-technologies will be presented that demonstrate where and how these technologies impact TE system designs. Of course, micro-technology manufacturing cost is critical in all energy recovery and cooling applications. Recent progress in microtechnology cost-modeling elucidates and quantifies key cost-manufacturing interdependencies, relationships, and sensitivities that will be explored in this presentation. This provides critical information on manufacturing processes, production volume dependence, material selections, and ultimately pathways forward leading to low-cost microtechnology heat and mass transfer devices that improve advanced TE energy recovery and cooling system performance (specifically including weight and volume impacts).Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Max Weber’s notion of asceticism:

The notion of asceticism plays a large and important role in Max Weber’s writings; however, it has remained relatively unexamined. Weber did not offer a definition of asceticism, but he did provide a contrast between the ‘polar concepts’ of the ascetic and the mystic. In this paper I discuss this contrast and place it within the historical context of the early and medieval monks. Then, I examine Weber’s discussions of the four major monastic reform movements. I conclude with a discussion concerning Weber’s political preferences for the strict, rational conduct of the ascetic, and especially his own personal inclinations towards asceticism.
Effects of litter size on nursing time and weight of the young in guinea pigs

Fifteen female guinea pigs were observed with their offspring for Days 1–28 postpartum. The larger the litter (one to four animals), the greater the percentage of nursing time. With the exception of the four-animal litters, the smaller the litter, the greater the weight of the young. Finally, there was no relationship between litter size and the number of positive or negative nursing responses directed toward each pup.
On the Capillary Problem for Compressible Fluids

Classical capillarity theory is based on a hypothesis that virtual motions of fluid particles distinct from those on a surface interface have no effect on the form of the interface. That hypothesis cannot be supported for a compressible fluid. A heuristic reasoning suggests that even small amounts of compressibility could have significant effect on surface behavior. In an earlier work, Finn took a partial account of compressibility, and formulated a variant of the classical capillarity equation for fluid surface height in a vertical capillary tube; he was led to a necessary condition for existence of a solution with prescribed mass in a tube closed at the bottom. For a circular tube, he proved that the condition also suffices, and that solutions are uniquely determined for any contact angle γ.
Reproductive timing, distribution, and sex ratios of tree bats in Lower Michigan

Abstract I summarized data on eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) that were obtained by mistnetting in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan over a 32-year span (1978–2009) to test published predictions, partly or wholly based on museum specimens, that adult sex ratios in summer are female-biased. Males were more common in the netting sample than females among silver-haired bats (88%; n = 57) and eastern red bats (70%; n = 458), whereas male and female hoary bats (n = 40) were equally abundant. Silver-haired bats and male hoary bats were more common north of a line separating the Deciduous Forest Biome and a transition to the Coniferous Forest Biome. The presence of male-dominated populations of all species at low-elevation sites in northern Lower Michigan suggested that distribution of the sexes in each species is more complex than previously thought. The sex ratio of adult eastern red bats was more skewed in July (74% m...
Alexander the Great, Seafaring, and the Spread of Leprosy

Dans cet article, l'auteur emet une hypothese concernant la propagation de la lepre dans le bassin mediterraneen, en 400 av JC, en identifiant l'acheminement d'esclaves d'Inde vers l'Egypte comme etant a l'origine de la diffusion de la maladie, et non l'armee d'Alexandre le Grand lors de ses conquetes le siecle suivant comme d'autres theses semblent l'indiquer.
Electronic Nose — Membrane Interface Probe for Geoenvironmental Site Characterization

This paper describes pioneering research to integrate a novel “electronic nose” (EN) technology with a membrane interface probe (MIP) for rapidly screening hydrocarbon contaminated sites. The electronic nose is an automated odor recognition device that detects and identifies chemical vapors based on the principles of human olfaction. The MIP is an in situ tool that samples volatile organic compounds from the subsurface and transports the vapor through tubing to analytical devices located on the surface. The electronic nose developed for this research was first trained and tested to identify vapor samples of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene at three different concentration levels. The integrated EN–MIP system was then tested in gasoline-spiked aqueous soil samples in the laboratory. In situ demonstration tests were conducted in collaboration with the U.S. EPA at a gasoline-contaminated site in Rhode Island. The EN–MIP system was successful in detecting and estimating the concentration levels of ...
Tryptic digestion of the (Na + K)-ATPase is both sensitive to and modifies K+ interactions with the enzyme.

Tryptic digestion of the (Na + K)-ATPase in the presence of choline chloride or NaCl (“Na-type”) and in the presence of KCl (“K-type”) produced distinct patterns of peptide fragments and losses of catalytic activity. TheK0.5 for K+ to shift digestion from the Na-type, and its sensitivity to dimethyl sulfoxide and Triton X-100, were consistent with K+ acting at sites on the cytoplasmic face of the enzyme through which the K-phosphatase reaction also is activated. Reagents favoring the E1 conformational states, oligomycin, Triton, and ATP, shifted the pattern toward the Na-type, whereas those favoring E2 states, dimethyl sulfoxide, MgCl2, and MnCl2, shifted the pattern toward the K-type. Na-type digestion caused a greater loss of K-phosphatase than (Na + K)-ATPase activity, and the residual K-phosphatase activity was more sensitive to inhibition by Triton and ATP but stimulated more by dimethyl sulfoxide and inhibited less by Pi and MnCl2; all these effects are consistent with such digestion shifting equilibria toward E1 enzyme states. Accordingly, theK0.5 for K+ to activate the (Na + K)-ATPase was increased. However, theK0.5 for the K-phosphatase was unchanged; this observation requires revision of previous formulations, and bears on additional aspects of enzyme activity as well.
Calculation of H2O-broadened CO linewidths

Abstract The H 2 O-broadening of CO ro-vibrational lines, measured by Willis et al. and others, is fit by a calculation, after Anderson, Tsao and Curnutte, which invokes a dominant quadrupole-dipole interaction. Both temperature- and rotational-line dependence are inferred for the fundamental band and ground state.
Web server load balancing: A queueing analysis

Over the last few years, the Web-based services, more specifically different types of E-Commerce applications, have become quite popular, resulting in exponential growth in the Web traffic. In many situations, this has led to unacceptable response times and unavailability of services, thereby driving away customers. Many companies are trying to address this problem using multiple Web servers with a front-end load balancer. Load balancing has been found to provide an effective and scalable way of managing the ever-increasing Web traffic. However, there has been little attempt to analyze the performance characteristics of a system that uses a load balancer. This paper presents a queuing model for analyzing load balancing with two Web servers. We first analyze the centralized load balancing model, derive the average response time and the rejection rate, and compare three different routing policies at the load balancer. We then extend our analysis to the distributed load balancing and find the optimal routing policy that minimizes the average response time.
Trunking a new system configuration for fleet dispatch communications

As an outgrowth of FCC docket #18262, the already extensive mix of products available to serve the two way radio communications needs of business, public safety, industrial and other user groups eligible to operate in the land mobile services has been expanded to include multi-channel trunked systems in the 800MHz frequency band. This paper will explore several potential user benefits which could result from this type of system and will describe how a specific trunked system might be implemented.
Steady state visual evoked potential abnormalities in schizophrenia.

Objective: The steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) can be used to test the frequency response function of neural circuits. Previous studies have shown reduced SSVEPs to alpha and lower frequencies of stimulation in schizophrenia. We investigated SSVEPs in schizophrenia at frequencies spanning the theta (4 Hz) to gamma (40 Hz) range. Methods: The SSVEPs to seven different frequencies of stimulation (4, 8, 17, 20, 23, 30 and 40 Hz) were obtained from 18 schizophrenia subjects and 33 healthy control subjects. Power at stimulating frequency (signal power) and power at frequencies above and below the stimulating frequency (noise power) were used to quantify the SSVEP responses. Results: Both groups showed an inverse relationship between power and frequency of stimulation. Schizophrenia subjects showed reduced signal power compared to healthy control subjects at higher frequencies (above 17 Hz), but not at 4 and 8 Hz at occipital region. Noise power was higher in schizophrenia subjects at frequencies between 4 and 20 Hz over occipital region and at 4, 17 and 20 Hz over frontal region. Conclusions: SSVEP signal power at beta and gamma frequencies of stimulation were reduced in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia subjects showed higher levels of EEG noise during photic stimulation at beta and lower frequencies. Significance: Inability to generate or maintain oscillations in neural networks may contribute to deficits in visual processing in schizophrenia.
Myelination of the corpus callosum in male and female rats following complex environment housing during adulthood.

Myelination is an important process in brain development, and delays or abnormalities in this process have been associated with a number of conditions including autism, developmental delay, attention deficit disorder, and schizophrenia. Myelination can be sensitive to developmental experience; however, although the adult brain remains highly plastic, it is unknown whether myelination continues to be sensitive to experience during adulthood. Male and female rats were socially housed until four months of age, at which time they were moved into either a complex or “enriched” environment (EC) or an isolated condition (IC). Although the area of the splenium (posterior 20% of the callosum, which contains axons from visual cortical neurons) increased by about 10% following two months of EC housing, the area occupied by myelinated axons was not influenced by adult housing condition. Instead, it was the area occupied by glial cell processes and unmyelinated axons which significantly increased following EC housing. Neither the size nor the myelin content of the genu (anterior 15% of the callosum) was sensitive to manipulations of adult housing condition, but males had more area occupied by myelinated axons in both callosal regions. Finally, the inability of two months of complex environment housing during adulthood to impact the number of myelinated axons in the splenium was confirmed in a subset of animals using quantitative electron microscopy. We conclude that the sensitivity of myelination to experience is reduced in adulthood relative to development in both sexes.
High-pressure phase equilibria and element partitioning experiments on Apollo 15 green C picritic glass: Implications for the role of garnet in the deep lunar interior

Abstract We report results of nominally anhydrous near-liquidus experiments on a synthetic analog to very low-titanium Apollo 15 green C lunar picritic glass from ∼2 to 5 GPa. Apollo 15 green C glass (A15C) is saturated with garnet and pyroxene on the liquidus at ∼3 GPa. However, such an assemblage is unlikely to represent the lunar-mantle source region for this glass, and instead an olivine + orthopyroxene-dominated source is favored, in accord with earlier lower-pressure experiments on A15C. Near-liquidus garnet has a slight but significant majorite component at ∼5 GPa in this iron-rich bulk composition, as expected from our previous work in ordinary-chondritic bulk compositions. Ion microprobe measurements of partitioning of Sr, Ba, Sc, Nd, Sm, Dy, Yb, Y, Zr, Hf, and Th between garnet and coexisting melt in these experiments are the first garnet partition coefficients (D values) available that are directly relevant to lunar compositions. D values for these garnets differ significantly compared to D values for garnets grown in more magnesian, terrestrial bulk compositions, which until now are all that have been available in modeling the possible role of garnet in the lunar interior. For example, D values for heavy rare earth elements are lower than are those from terrestrial basaltic systems. These partitioning values are well-described by the lattice-strain partitioning model, but predictive relationships for garnet partitioning using that model fail to match the measured values, as was the case in our earlier work on chondritic compositions. Using our new D values in place of the “terrestrial” values in a variety of models of lunar petrogenesis, we suggest that garnet is unlikely to be present in the source regions for very titanium-poor lunar liquids despite its appearance on the liquidus of A15C.
Concepts for interrelating ultrasonic attenuation, microstructure, and fracture toughness in polycrystalline solids

Conceptual models are advanced for explaining and predicting empirical correlations found between ultrasonic measurements and fracture toughness of polycrystalline solids. The models lead to insights concerning microstructural factors governing fracture processes and associated stress wave interactions. Analysis of the empirical correlations suggested by the models indicate that, in addition to grain size and shape, grain boundary reflections, elastic anisotropy, and dislocation damping are factors that underlie both fracture toughness and ultrasonic attenuation. One outcome is that ultrasonic attenuation can predict the size of crack blunting or process zones that develop in the vicinity of active cracks in metals. This forms a basis for ultrasonic ranking according to variations in fracture toughness.
Long-Term Prognosis of Rheumatic Fever Patients Receiving Regular Intramuscular Benzathine Penicillin

The prognosis for 115 rheumatic fever patients subsequently receiving regular intramuscular penicillin prophylaxis for at least 5 years was studied. Average follow-up was 9.3 years, and 57 patients were followed for 10 years or longer. Of the 79 patients with acute mitral regurgitation, 70% lost their murmur from 4 days to 8.5 years after it was first heard. This is in contrast to those with acute aortic regurgitation which persisted in 73%. No patient developed mitral or aortic stenosis: this suggests that regular prophylaxis may prevent the development of stenosis. Congestive failure, cardiomegaly, and arrhythmia correlated closely with persistence of murmurs, but increased P-R interval, acute QRS or T-voltage variation or both, and ST-T abnormalities did not.
Single-step conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a versatile platform chemical

The ability to use cellulosic biomass as feedstock for the large-scale production of liquid fuels and chemicals depends critically on the development of effective low temperature processes. One promising biomass-derived platform chemical is 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which is suitable for alternative polymers or for liquid biofuels. While HMF can currently be made from fructose and glucose, the ability to synthesize HMF directly from raw natural cellulose would remove a major barrier to the development of a sustainable HMF platform. Here we report a single-step catalytic process where cellulose as the feed is rapidly depolymerized and the resulting glucose is converted to HMF under mild conditions. A pair of metal chlorides (CuCl2 and CrCl2) dissolved in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIM]Cl) at temperatures of 80–120 8C collectively catalyze the single-step process of converting cellulose to HMF with an unrefined 96% purity among recoverable products (at 55.4 � 4.0% HMF yield). After extractive separation of HMF from the solvent, the catalytic performance of recovered [EMIM]Cl and the catalysts was maintained in repeated uses. Cellulose depolymerization occurs at a rate that is about one order of magnitude faster than conventional acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. In contrast, single metal chlorides at the same total loading showed considerably less activity under similar conditions.
A neutron source facility for neutron cross-section measurements on radioactive targets at RIA

The stockpile stewardship program is interested in neutron cross-section measurements on nuclei that are a few nucleons away from stability. Since neutron targets do not exist, radioactive targets are the only way to directly perform these measurements. This requires a facility that can provide high production rates for these short-lived nuclei as well as a source of neutrons. The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) promises theses high production rates. Thus, adding a co-located neutron source facility to the RIA project baseline would allow these neutron cross-section measurements to be made. A conceptual design for such a neutron source has been developed, which would use two accelerators, a Dynamitron and a linac, to create the neutrons through a variety of reactions (d-d, d-t, deuteron break-up, p-Li). This range of reactions is needed in order to provide the desired energy range from 10's of keV to 20 MeV. The facility would also have hot cells to perform chemistry on the radioactive material both before and after neutron irradiation. The present status of this design and direction of future work will be discussed.
Parallel optical interconnects for Scalable Coherent Interface

The feasibility of using parallel optical interconnects as a high-performance and potentially low-cost alternative for implementing the IEEE Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI) standard is investigated using a simulation approach. The simulation results show that an 18-parallel optical interconnect system using a fully differential configuration has extremely low crosstalk (/spl les/ -30 dB) at a 500-MHz data rate and compares favorably to a comparable parallel metal interconnect system. >
New England and Wiener’s Early Training, 1901–1905

Wiener was fundamentally molded by the democracy of the New England of his childhood days. Later in life he came to value his sojourns away from New England because they let him see “the great lines of its spiritual character” from a distance [53h, p. 48].
SPECTS O-CDMA 80.8-km BOSSNET Field Trial using a Compact, Fully Integrated, AWG-Based Encoder/Decoder

The authors demonstrate successful encoding and decoding of SPECTS O-CDMA signals using a compact, fully integrated, AWG-based encoder/decoder. The signal is recovered in the presence of an interferer after transmission across an 80.8-km BOSSNET link.
The prognostic value of troponin in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis.

Objectives This study was designed to compare the prognostic value of an abnormal troponin level derived from studies of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Background Risk stratification for patients with suspected ACS is important for determining need for hospitalization and intensity of treatment. Methods We identified clinical trials and cohort studies of consecutive patients with suspected ACS without ST-elevation from 1966 through 1999. We excluded studies limited to patients with acute myocardial infarction and studies not reporting mortality or troponin results. Results Seven clinical trials and 19 cohort studies reported data for 5,360 patients with a troponin T test and 6,603 with a troponin I test. Patients with positive troponin (I or T) had significantly higher mortality than those with a negative test (5.2% vs. 1.6%, odds ratio [OR] 3.1). Cohort studies demonstrated a greater difference in mortality between patients with a positive versus negative troponin I (8.4% vs. 0.7%, OR 8.5) than clinical trials (4.8% if positive, 2.1% if negative, OR 2.6, p = 0.01). Prognostic value of a positive troponin T was also slightly greater for cohort studies (11.6% mortality if positive, 1.7% if negative, OR 5.1) than for clinical trials (3.8% if positive, 1.3% if negative, OR 3.0, p = 0.2) Conclusions In patients with non-ST elevation ACS, the short-term odds of death are increased three- to eightfold for patients with an abnormal troponin test. Data from clinical trials suggest a lower prognostic value for troponin than do data from cohort studies.
Trauma critical care.

This chapter describes the anesthesiologist/intensivist’s role in the management of the trauma patient from the initial acute course through the critical care phase. Damage control PACU objectives are reviewed. Intensive care unit multi-organ support for critically injured trauma patients is discussed; specifically focusing on respiratory support and ventilator management, infection and antibiotic considerations, neurologic support including ICP control, sedation, and the treatment of delirium, renal prophylaxis, renal replacement therapy, and nutrition.
ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN-12 IN PRIMARY INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTION

The effect of endogenous interleukin-12 (IL-12) on the influenza virus immune response in BALB/c mice was evaluated. Following primary influenza virus infection, IL-12 mRNA and protein are detected in the lung, with live virus being required for cytokine induction. Endogenous IL-12 contributes to early NK cell-dependent gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production (days 3 and 5) but not late T-cell-dependent IFN-γ secretion (day 7). IL-12 contributes to the inhibition of early virus replication but is not required for virus clearance. IL-12 also modestly contributes to the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Thus, in this model of experimental influenza virus infection, endogenous IL-12 contributes primarily to the early development and activation of the innate immune response.
Functional disability assessment

The widespread introduction of computers into clinical settings has increased the feasibility of conducting comprehensive functional disability assessment. The Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ) is a brief, self-administered questionnaire designed to facilitate clinical assessment of functional disability. The FSQ items can be scored by computer using a simple algorithm and summarized into disability index scores. These scales have alpha reliability coefficients of .64 to .82 and substantial convergent validity when used with primary care patients. Disability assessment tools like the FSQ can be adapted easily for clinical use by physical therapists.
Electronic support for large groups

One of the key challenges in applying information technology to improve group performance lies in matching the capabilities of technology to the needs of the situation. Groups can choose meeting styles that use solely electronic communication, solely verbal communication, or a combination of both verbal and electronic communication. This paper reports on a series of ten case studies of large groups performing information generation tasks. For these groups and tasks, meeting styles with a greater proportion of electronic communication were found to result in higher perceived effectiveness, efficiency, and participant satisfaction. Qualitative evidence suggested that in this situation, the parallelism, direct access to the meeting memory, and anonymity offered by pure electronic communication outweighed its reduced media richness.
Three-dimensional patterning of solid microstructures through laser reduction of colloidal graphene oxide in liquid-crystalline dispersions

Existing lithographic methods for the micropatterning of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are limited by mask production. Here, the authors fabricate fully 3D rGO microstructures in an aqueous nematic liquid crystal of two-dimensional GO flakes via a scalable, mask-free pulsed near-infrared laser approach.
Undergraduate Senior Design: A Viable and Sustainable Mechanism to Solve Industrial Projects in Mechanical Engineering

In collaboration with a local industry, Rexnord Technologies, mechanical engineering undergraduate students at the Milwaukee School of Engineering have undertaken a series of senior design projects to solve practical problems in thermal engineering. A team of four students are working on Gearbox oil immersion heater control. This team is developing a control scheme to preheat the oil prior to gear movement and that which will ensure that the heater turns off at the correct time so as to maintain the oil temperature in V-series gearboxes. Another team of four students is tackling Gearbox forced convection heat dissipation-modeling and optimization. The beneficial effects of university-industry alliance and the development of well-rounded engineers are discussed along with the solutions for the specific projects. Assessment results highlighting the impact of senior design in the overall undergraduate curriculum are also be presented in this paper. The senior exit surveys also provide the premium value on senior design experience and industry involvement. The goal of this paper is to give the audience a taste of the senior design opportunities undergraduates have at the Milwaukee School of Engineering highlighting the Rexnord Technologies-sponsored projects and the role of industry collaboration.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Fragmented Armada: The Transmission of an Armada News Pamphlet (pp 107-130)

William Cecil’s Copie of a Letter (STC 15412 – 15414.6), consisting of a Letter , its postscript, its printer’s epistle and an additional pamphlet, Certaine Advertisements Ovt of Ireland, was produced in stages in the fall of 1588, an accumulative production attested to by both bibliographical evidence and governmental correspondence. The texts describe England’s military preparations, political climate, and the events of the summer in the form of an epistolary news letter addressed to Don Bernardino de Mendoza, the Spanish Ambassador to France. This attempt to spread the news of Spanish defeat, to delegitimize Catholic news sources, and to dissuade Catholic support for another convoy grew and developed as the political situation unfolded over the summer and early autumn of 1588. This paper examines the production and transmission of Cecil’s propaganda pamphlet to explore the interpretive frameworks that textual producers, both authors and publishers, used to package early modern news.
Avian and Vegetation Community Structure and Their Seasonal Relationships in the Lower Colorado River Valley

Influence de la densite du couvert vegetal sur la richesse, la densite saisonniere et la diversite des especes d'oiseaux de la basse vallee du Colorado, pour 78 transects
Fad or Renaissance? Misconceptions of the Orality Movement

Seventy percent of the world’s population cannot or chooses not to read! This astounding observation prompted the rise of the orality movement to help missionaries understand and reach oral learners. This article summarizes the recent orality movement by addressing questions that have arisen related to orality, such as: How far-reaching is this movement? Isn’t the orality discussion simply about storytelling and auditory learning? How do print and oral learning interact? Are there implications for Western cultures influenced by digital media? To address these questions, this article identifies six common misconceptions about the orality movement and concludes with missiological implications.
Effect of Intravenous Injections of Yeast Extract on Spontaneous Breast Adenocarcinomas in Mice

SummaryIn 8 out of 33 treated mice complete regressions of spontaneous breast adenocarcinomas were effected with intravenous and subcutaneous injections of yeast extract.
Immunologic Studies in Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infections 2. Slide Agglutination and Intradermal Tests.

Summary and Conclusions‘H’ and ‘0’ agglutinins, skin sensitizing antibodies and lysins are present in the blood of animals infected or immunized with Trypanosoflza cruzi. A simple, easy slide agglutination test is described for the diagnosis of experimental Trypanosoma cruai infection in animals. Out of 108 human sera obtained from a hospital laboratory, only one agglutinated T. cruai in 1:10 dilution.
Introduction of Dr. Richard Forsythe

Abstract There is a special significance to Dr. Forsythe's presence here today. The Poultry Science Association was formed in 1908 as the International Association of Instructors and Investigators in Poultry Husbandry. It was called international because it included both Canada and the United States; however, in 1911, the name was changed to the American Association of Instructors and Investigators in Poultry Husbandry. The change was made probably because at the same meeting it was voted to form a truly international organization if a Mr. Edward Brown of Reading University in the U.K. would accept the presidency. He accepted, and the International Association of Poultry Instructors and Investigators was born. In 1926 the first organization changed its name to the Poultry Science Association and in 1928 the latter organization became the World's Poultry Science Association. Thus, although the World's Poultry Science Association was born out of the Poultry Science Association they have …
Investigating the Role of Control and Support Mechanisms in Members’ Sense of Virtual Community

Research on online communities has emphasized the individual benefits of social support for members, but less is known about how such communities are regulated through organizing processes of support and control. Drawing on a survey of 214 members of a particular online message board community, we develop and test a model of social support, strength of ties, normative influence, and concertive control and their influence on members’ sense of virtual community (SOVC). We find that all four factors predict SOVC, but that normative influence and concertive control have the strongest effects. Furthermore, social support and concertive control mediate the effects of number of strong ties and normative influence (respectively) on SOVC. Finally, we find no association between SOVC and time-lagged posting frequency. Our findings have important implications for understanding the factors that lead to attachment in online communities, and they suggest that sense of belonging works through tandem communicative proces...
The purpose and value of higher education: an economic perspective

The purpose of this research is to understand the rationality of applying the concept of return on investment in valuing higher education from the perspective of economics. Higher education serves its own unique purposes. Instead of attempting to directly define the purpose of higher education, economists more frequently try to tackle the question from the output side by trying to figure out how to value the outcome of college education. Yet, there are some uncertainties in the higher education system, which lead to the observed heterogeneous market price on the graduates. We show that while the market achieves equilibrium, the market wage tends to be equal to the graduate's expected productivity. The data of the median earnings for adults during the years 2005-2013 confirms that the market institutes value on higher education. Overall, the results of this study shed some light on justifying the use of return on investment in the task of valuing college education.
Structural Transitions in Unmodified and Pyroglutamylated Amyloid β Peptides upon Hydration by Water Vapor

The amyloid β (Aβ) peptide undergoes aggregation and concomitant α-helix to β-sheet structural transition that contribute to Alzheimer's disease. The early oligomers composed of structural intermediates of Aβ appear to exert the major cytotoxic effect, so their characterization is key to understanding the mechanism of Aβ toxicity. Also, N-terminally truncated and pyroglutamylated Aβ (AβpE) is hypertoxic. To monitor the structural transitions in Aβ and AβpE upon hydration, we have devised a method where the peptide samples, dried from hexafluoroisopropanol on an FTIR window, are exposed to water (D2O) vapor and the structural changes are recorded by FTIR spectroscopy. The individual structures of the peptides combined together were resolved by using unlabeled AβpE and 13C-labeled Aβ. To identify the mutual structural effects of Aβ and AβpE, the two peptides were a) deposited on opposite sides of a window and b) combined together on another window mounted at right angle on a rotatable sample holder. The difference spectra of these samples, measured under similar water vapor conditions by shuffling the holder, revealed the structural consequences of physical interactions of the peptides. Both peptides were α-helical in dry state and gradually transitioned to intramolecular and then to intermolecular β-sheet upon exposure to vapor. The onset of β-sheet formation was delayed in AβpE but proceeded rapidly once triggered. AβpE inhibited the transition of Aβ to intermolecular β-sheet structure, while Aβ shifted the structure of AβpE towards more β-turn and less intermolecular β-sheet structure. Thus, each peptide inhibits intermolecular β-sheet formation in the other. This may explain the increased toxicity of oligomeric Aβ + AβpE peptide combinations as fibrils are less toxic. Additionally, the rapid formation and retention of β-turn structure in AβpE may facilitate its increased toxicity.
The research about the principle of interface aging between housing and core of composite insulators

The one of the important reason which lead to power line dropped is interface aging. According to the core fracture of composite insulator on the 500kV power line of CSPG and the temperature abnormal rise of composite insulators which number are 25, 38, and 42 on No. 5123 tower XuYang power line of Shanghai power company of SGCC, these composite insulators had been done test about each appearance. The results of test show that the hydrophobicity is well and the material of silicon shed isn't aging. But there are some humps on the surface of housing and erosion on the interface between whole housing and core of composite insulators. The penetrant (1%fushine) appear on the interface between housing and core. The erosion had extended from high voltage to the middle part of composite insulator. One of the reasons about erosion on the interface between Housing and core of composite insulators is mold releasing agent seeping from core. The crack between housing and core has been made by the mold releasing agent and the partial discharge has appeared. The water which were absorbed on the production of core has taken part in electrochemical reaction lead to erosion.