cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of decellularized porcine diaphragm conjugated with gold nanomaterials as a tissue scaffold for wound healing

One million Americans suffer from chronic wounds every year with diabetics and older populations representing the majority. Mechanisms that may be responsible for the reduced healing response in these patients include reduction in growth factors or vascularization and an increase in free radical levels. The focus of this study was to develop a biocompatible gold/porcine diaphragm scaffold capable of sustaining fibroblast attachment and proliferation which was measured using viability and dsDNA assays. The free radical scavenging properties, as measured by ROS assays, were also investigated as a mechanism for improving the wound environment. Results indicated 69–89% viability for gold nanoparticle (AuNP) scaffolds and 51–74% for gold nanorod (AuNR) scaffolds as compared to 100% for decellularized scaffolds and 77% for crosslinked scaffolds. All scaffolds exhibited good cell attachment while AuNP-1X scaffolds showed the greatest cell proliferation with a 74% increase in dsDNA content from Day 3 to 7. AuNP-2X and AuNP-4X scaffolds generated higher levels of free radicals with AuNP-4X generating over twice as much as decellularized scaffolds. This study suggests the capability for gold/porcine diaphragm scaffolds to enhance cell proliferation while the modification of free radical generation appears to be dependent on nanomaterial shape and concentration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Cardiac Toxicity of ErbB2-Targeted Therapies: What Do We Know?

The potential for cardiac toxicity in association with targeted biologic agents was first observed with trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the ErbB2/HER2 receptor. In the pivotal trial of trastuzumab in ErbB2-positive metastatic cancer, an increased incidence of serious cardiac events was observed, particularly when trastuzumab was administered in combination with anthracyclines. The ErbB2 receptor is expressed on cardiomyocytes, in addition to tumor tissue, where it exerts a protective effect on cardiac function; thus, interference with ErbB2-signaling may block this protective effect. However, in contrast to anthracycline-induced cardiac toxicity, trastuzumab-related cardiac dysfunction does not appear to increase with cumulative dose or to be associated with ultrastructural changes in the myocardium and is generally reversible. When used in adjuvant regimens for the treatment of ErbB2-positive early-stage breast cancer, trastuzumab has been shown to significantly improve disease-free and overall survival. The incidence of class III/IV congestive heart failure (CHF) ranged from 0.4%-3.8% in the major adjuvant trastuzumab trials. More recently, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as lapatinib have been investigated for the treatment of ErbB2-positive metastatic breast cancer. In a comprehensive analysis of cardiac safety data from all lapatinib trials completed to date, which included 3558 healthy volunteers and patients with a variety of solid cancers on 43 trials, the overall incidence of left ventricular ejection fraction declines was 1.6%, with 0.2% of patients experiencing symptomatic CHF. Risk factors that might predict for cardiac dysfunction with ErbB2-targeted therapy are actively under investigation and will aid in the identification of at-risk populations and in the development of strategies for risk minimization in the future. It is important to note that, while careful cardiac monitoring is required for all patients receiving ErbB2-targeted therapy in any disease setting, the overall impact of these agents on the outcomes of patients with ErbB2-positive breast cancer has been dramatic and positive.
Electronic Journal Forum: Electronic Resource Management Systems: Understanding the Players and How to Make the Right Choice for Your Library

The Digital Library Federation's Electronic Resource Management Initiative (DLF ERMI) has served as a catalyst for the commercial development of electronic resource management (ERM) systems and functionality. A variety of companies including ILS vendors, subscription agents, and publication access management services (PAMS) are all involved in ERM development. The advantages and disadvantages each type of vendor offers are discussed. Eleven of these companies were surveyed about the availability, compatibility, functionality, and distinguishing features of their ERM system. These vendors also provided their advice and guidance on how a library can begin preparing for implementation of an ERM system.
Perceived satisfactions and costs of motherhood and employment among married women

A country-representative sample of married women in the United States aged 18-40 were interviewed regarding their perceptions of the satisfactions and costs of parenthood and employment. The samples mean family income before taxes for 1973 was about $17500; they had an average of 12.44 years of education. 94% of the women had been employed at some time and 47.4% were currently employed. 84% were mothers and 69.8% reported that they had completed their childbearing. Women who saw interference with employment as an important cost of children had fewer children than did women who perceived interference with employment as an unimportant cost of children yet neither group rated interference with employment as a particularly important cost of parenthood. It had the 2nd lowest rating overall. When interference with employment was considered as a cost of additional children those who saw interference with employment as a more important cost of additional parenthood wanted fewer children than did other women. Contrary to prediction among women with parities other than zero those who perceived childrens interfering with employment as a more important cost of parenthood are likely to have more rather than fewer children suggesting that for women with children beliefs that children interfere with employment are based on experience rather than on pre-existing dispositions. Interference with employment was found to be a more important cost of an additional child for women who are employed than for non-employed women. Those women who saw negative effects on the children and less time to spend with the children as important costs of employment were less likely to be employed than were other women.
Host plant oviposition preference of Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera: Apionidae), a potential biological control agent of yellow starthistle

Abstract Ceratapion basicorne is a weevil native to Europe and western Asia that is being evaluated as a prospective classical biological control agent of Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) in the United States. Choice oviposition experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to help assess host-plant specificity of the insect. Mean oviposition rates were highest on C. solstitialis (66% of eggs, on a per replicate basis) followed by Centaurea cyanus (bachelor's button 22%), Centaurea melitensis (6%), Centaurea americana (1%), Saussurea americana (3%) and Carthamus tinctorius (safflower 2%). Adult feeding damage followed a similar pattern; however, there was less oviposition relative to the amount of adult feeding on each of the non-target species than on the target host plant, C. solstitialis. Thirteen safflower varieties were tested, and oviposition occurred on eight of them, at low rates. Adult feeding occurred on all safflower varieties tested, although at rates much lower than on yel...
Synthesis and fluorescence properties of new fluorescent, polymerizable, metal-chelating lipids.

Liposomes incorporating fluorescent, metal-chelating lipids find applications in molecular recognition of peptides, 2D protein recystallization, protein targeting, and biological sensing. It would be advantageous to combine the usefulness of polymerizable, metal-chelating lipids and fluorescent lipids. Herein, we report the synthesis and fluorescence properties of several fluorescent, polymerizable, metal-chelating lipids. They have been successfully incorporated into liposomes and then polymerized. These lipids can be used as membrane probes to study the polymerizable liposomes in the unpolymerized state and to investigate lipid redistribution during polymerization. In addition, if a luminescent metal ion (e.g., Eu3+, Tb3+, etc.) is used to complex the headgroup, the lipids can probe the membrane interior and exterior simultaneously.
Oral nutritional supplements and taste preferences: 545 days of clinical testing in malnourished in-patients

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Acceptability and intake of oral nutritional supplements are often suboptimal, partly because patients dislike flavour, texture or smell. We assessed the taste preferences about milk-based and fruit-juice typed supplements in malnourished in-patients. METHODS: One hundred and nine in-patients requiring oral nutritional support were assigned to consume four given supplements on four consecutive days, to answer a questionnaire based on a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) on acceptance/tolerance, and to choose their preferred product for the fifth day. RESULTS: Overall pleasantness was significantly better for milk-based supplements than for sweet and salty fruit-juice typed products (on VAS: 6.2+/-3.1 versus 4.4+/-3.9, p<0.01 and 3.5+/-3.4, p<0.0001, respectively, when 1 meant "not at all" and 10 "very much"), whereas digestive tolerance was comparable. When offered together on day 5, milk-based products were more frequently preferred (81.6%) than fruit-juice typed supplements (18.4%, p<0.001). Among milk-based products, vanilla, coffee and strawberry had comparable good results, whereas chocolate was less chosen and neutral never. For fruit-juice typed products, tomato obtained better results than orange or apple. CONCLUSIONS: Oral nutritional supplements are globally well-accepted and tolerated, but with variations according to categories and flavours that must be considered to improve compliance.
Further studies of the maximum stress criterion on the angled crack problem

Abstract The maximum stress criterion for brittle fracture is examined and modified so that it may be applied to both the slit model and the elliptic model for a crack. Employing exact stress solutions, the present work then applies this criterion to a study of the angled crack problem for plates with a slit crack as well as those with an elliptic crack. Remarkable agreement is shown between predicted results and experimental data found in the literature for the direction of initial crack extension and the fracture strength.
A reexamination of the acid catalyzed addition of ethanethiol to naphthoquinone

Abstract The reaction of ethanethiol with naphthoquinone under acidic conditions has been shown to proceed by addition to the olefin, analogous to other nucleophiles, and does not yield ketal products as previously reported.
Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Natural Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer Progression

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, play an important role in tissue remodeling associated with various physiological processes such as morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and tissue repair, as well as pathological processes including cirrhosis, arthritis and cancer. The MMPs are well established as mediators of tumor invasion and metastasis by breaking down connective tissue barriers. Although there has been a vast amount of literature on the role of MMPs in invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of various cancers, the role of these endopeptidases in prostate cancer progression has not been systematically reviewed. This overview summarizes findings on the tissue and blood expression of MMPs, their function, regulation and prognostic implication in human prostate cancer, with a focus on MMP-2, -7, -9, MT1-MMP and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1). This review also summarizes the efficacy and failure of early-generation matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and highlights the lessons and challenges for next generation MMPIs.
The development of a functional visualization system for the creation of digital human models

Inadequately or poorly designed environments and tools of daily living impose barriers to people with a disability. This issue needs to be addressed in order for people with disabilities to lead full and purposeful lives. To accomplish this goal it is imperative that designers of environments and artifacts have an in-depth knowledge of human functioning in the performance of tasks and problem-solving strategies to develop environments and products that best accommodate performance of these tasks. They require an understanding and useful characterizations of the abilities of people with disabilities and relevant mechanisms to incorporate this into a modern design process.
Short-term effects of Project EX-4: A classroom-based smoking prevention and cessation intervention program

Objective Researchers continue to try to develop effective teen tobacco use prevention and cessation programs. Three previous school clinic-based studies established the efficacy of Project EX for teen smoking cessation. This fourth study adapts Project EX to the classroom context. This paper reports the findings based on pretest and posttest surveys conducted immediately prior and post-intervention.
A multicenter review of toxic epidermal necrolysis treated in U.S. burn centers at the end of the twentieth century.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a potentially fatal disorder that involves large areas of skin desquamation. Patients with TEN are often referred to burn centers for expert wound management and comprehensive care. The purpose of this study was to define the presenting characteristics and treatment of TEN before and after admission to regional burn centers and to evaluate the efficacy of burn center treatment for this disorder. A retrospective multicenter chart review was completed for patients admitted with TEN to 15 burn centers from 1995 to 2000. Charts were reviewed for patient characteristics, non-burn hospital and burn center treatment, and outcome. A total of 199 patients were admitted. Patients had a mean age of 47 years, mean 67.7% total body surface area skin slough, and mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score of 10. Sixty-four patients died, for a mortality rate of 32%. Mortality increased to 51% for patients transferred to a burn center more than one week after onset of disease. Burn centers and non-burn hospitals differed in their use of enteral nutrition (70 vs 12%, respectively, P < 0.05), prophylactic antibiotics (22 vs 37.9%, P < 0.05), corticosteroid use (22 vs 51%, P < 0.05), and wound management. Age, body surface area involvement, APACHE II score, complications, and parenteral nutrition before transfer correlated with increased mortality. The treatment of TEN differs markedly between burn centers and non-burn centers. Early transport to a burn unit is warranted to improve patient outcome.
Autosomal recessive cerebellar hypoplasia.

Cerebellar hypoplasia is found in association with a variety of neurologic and systemic disorders. It is the primary finding in the uncommonly reported condition of autosomal recessive cerebellar hypoplasia. We describe two siblings with cerebellar hypoplasia documented in both by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and review the clinical features of previously reported cases of autosomal recessive cerebellar hypoplasia. The most common findings in this disorder are nonprogressive ataxia, strabismus, mental retardation, and speech delay with dysarthria. Previously reported cases have been confirmed by autopsy, pneumoencephalography, or computed tomographic (CT) scans. MRI clearly documents diffuse cerebellar hypoplasia and aids in distinguishing autosomal recessive cerebellar hypoplasia from other disorders. The pathophysiology of this disorder is uncertain, however studies of the weaver mutant mouse (an animal model of autosomal recessive cerebellar hypoplasia) suggest that an abnormality of the Bergmann g...
Original paper: Wireless tracking of cotton modules. Part 1: Automatic message triggering

The ability to map profit across a cotton field would enable producers to determine where money is being made or lost on their farms and to implement precise field management practices to facilitate the highest return possible on each portion of a field. Mapping profit requires knowledge of site-specific costs and revenues, including yield and price. Price varies site-specifically because fiber quality varies, so mapping fiber quality is an important component of profit mapping. To map fiber quality, the harvest location of individual cotton bales must be known, and thus a system to track the harvest location of cotton modules must be available. To this end, a wireless module-tracking system was recently developed, but automation of the system is required before it will find practical use on the farm. In Part 1 of this report, research to develop automatic triggering of wireless messages is described. In Part 2, research to enable the system to function with multiple harvesting machines of the same type in the same field - a common situation in commercial cotton farming - is described along with testing of the entire automated wireless module-tracking system. To automate wireless-message triggering, a sensing and control system was added to a harvester to indicate when the machine is dumping a basket load of cotton so that wireless messages can be automatically sent from the harvester to subsequent field machines. This automated system was incorporated into the existing wireless module-tracking system, field tested, and it ultimately operated as designed, without human intervention. Linking data collected with this system together with cotton classing data enabled the creation of fiber-quality maps.
Estimating the Impact of Uncertainty on a Deterministic Multiattribute Evaluation

A method is presented to estimate the impact of uncertainty on the results of a multiattribute evaluation prior to conducting a complete probabilistic multiattribute utility analysis. The method assumes that a deterministic analysis has been completed using a weighted-additive multiattribute value evaluation function and that either an additive or multiplicative utility function is appropriate for the multiattribute utility analysis. An approximation procedure is developed to estimate whether uncertainty about attribute levels could change the deterministic evaluation results. An illustrative application investigates the accuracy of the procedure and its use to simplify analysis of the effects of uncertainty.
Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Anomalies of the Neck, Chest, and Abdomen

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is emerging as an important complementary clinical tool to ultrasonography for evaluation of fetal anomalies. Fetal MRI has been in clinical use since 1983; but, early magnetic resonance (MR) sequences were of several minutes’ duration, resulting in significant fetal motion artifact. The recent development of ultrafast MRI sequences allows subsecond image acquisition, minimizing the artifact related to fetal motion. Accurate diagnosis of a fetal anomaly by MRI has the potential to improve parental counseling regarding prognosis and treatment options, assist clinicians with fetal and postnatal management decisions, and plan delivery at an appropriate center for treating the diagnosed anomaly. This review discusses MRI safety and techniques; clinical indications for fetal MRI; and the MR appearance of normal anatomy and anomalies involving the fetal neck, chest, and abdomen.
A community development approach to service‐learning: Building social capital between rural youth and adults

Using 4-H and FFA case study findings, this article explores how community service-learning supports the building of social capital between rural youth and adults and the positive effects on community viability. Key elements of practice form a community development approach to service-learning, which opens up doorways for youth to partner with adult leaders and decision makers, gain credibility as resources and problem solvers, address community issues, and raise awareness of the value of school- and community-based youth programs. Case study evidence suggests that rural 4-H and FFA youth and adults benefit from the bonding relationships they form through working together to solve community issues over time. Positive community outcomes are noted as well, including increased community capacity and community recognition. By focusing on social capital as a key outcome of community service-learning, 4-H youth and community development extension professionals, educators, and other practitioners have contributed to the viability of rural communities.
Traces on the Blackboard: The Vestiges of Racism on the African American Psyche

This essay draws upon race theory, psychoanalysis, and pastoral care to address the remnants of past and current racial trauma in the African American psyche. The metaphor of “traces on the blackboard” is the chief means by which I attempt to delineate how African Americans, although experiencing new echelons of social progress, are still struggling to eliminate the distorted models of self-identification which were promulgated by the dominant culture. I also discuss the failure of psychodynamic psychotherapies to address the traces of racism, make proposals for how they may go about identifying these traces, and explore the role that pastoral care and, in particular, pastoral counseling may play in enervating these traces.
Bronchial Geotrichosis with Fungemia Complicating Bronchogenic Carcinoma

A patient is described who had bronchial geotrichosis and fungemia complicating asthma and fatal bronchogenic carcinoma. Fungemia due to Geotrichum is rare; this the the fifth case reported. Geotrichum candidum usually produces a superficial infection engrafted on a previously damaged bronchus and the disease is usually benign. There was no evidence of tissue invasion by the fungus in the postmortem examination and the fungemia likely resulted from the manipulation of bronchoscopy followed by corticosteroid administration.
Maternal genetic effect in DNA analysis: Egg on your traits

A dilemma of penetrance parallels the uncertainty principle as array analyses uncover a disturbing continuity of human molecular variation. Among mechanisms for altered penetrance is maternal genetic effect, hypothesized to explain mother-offspring discordance from 12/13 translocation [Wilson et al., 1991] and important to consider when confronting identical genetic changes in normal mothers and their abnormal children. A boy with developmental delays, autistic features, minimal dysmorphology, and maternally inherited 17p13.3 microduplication could exemplify maternal genetic effect, as could a boy with altered brain pattern and maternally inherited Sonic Hedgehog mutation reported by Schell-Apacik et al. [2009]. Maternal genetic effects, characterized in fly, fish, and mouse, are important to consider in human DNA analysis so that identical findings in mother and child are not routinely dismissed as benign variations. Suspect families can define relevant maternal-zygote transition (MZT) genes, provide assays for oocyte function and disruption, and shift anomaly emphasis from pattern recognition to pattern restoration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Customizable layout-driven approach to querying digital libraries

In widely available multimedia digital libraries, querying, browsing, and displaying data pose new challenges given the diversity of the applications, of the users, and of the data. We address some of these challenges by tightly integrating querying with user-defined data presentation and by supporting browsing within query-defined groupings of the multimedia objects. Groupings use efficiently the screen real-estate and enhance the comprehension of the data. The user interface supports virtual document templates for specifying layout with associated visual query boxes for specifying document content. By nesting query boxes the user is able to define how the browsing is going to be performed. The visual nesting `drives' the actual querying process and therefore goes beyond the simple specification of the presentation. Examples are provided of the system as used to query the Perseus digital library of classical artifacts.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Corticotropin-releasing factor: immunolabeled fibers in brain regions with localized kainate neurotoxicity

Rats treated with the neuroepileptic drug, kainic acid, exhibit a specific regional pattern of neurodegeneration 24 h following onset of acute limbic status epilepticus. At 24 h post-seizure, the areas undergoing neurodegeneration also exhibit substantial amounts of the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) which is not present under normal conditions. In experimental brains, CRF is localized immunocytochemically to cells and densely labeled fibers in areas with neurodegeneration. Networks of CRF fibers closely surround moribund neurons staining intensely for acid fuchsin. Acid fuchsin, an acidophilic dye, is used routinely as a marker for irreversible neuronal injury, and acid fuchsin-positive neurons are identified in specific areas affected by kainic neurotoxicity. Evidence exists in the literature that CRF functions in brain as a excitatory neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. Under certain pathological conditions (i.e., seizures, brain trauma, ischemia), it has been postulated that CRF could act as an neurotoxic agent. This study provides anatomical evidence that CRF may function following seizures as an neurotoxin because of the close proximity of CRF-labeled fibers to degenerating neurons.
Toward Private Joins on Outsourced Data

In an outsourced database framework, clients place data management responsibilities with specialized service providers. Of essential concern in such frameworks is data privacy. Potential clients are reluctant to outsource sensitive data to a foreign party without strong privacy assurances beyond policy &#x201C;fine prints.&#x201D; In this paper, we introduce a mechanism for executing general binary JOIN operations (for predicates that satisfy certain properties) in an outsourced relational database framework with computational privacy and low overhead&#x2014;the first, to the best of our knowledge. We illustrate via a set of relevant instances of JOIN predicates, including: range and equality (e.g., for geographical data), Hamming distance (e.g., for DNA matching), and semantics (i.e., in health-care scenarios&#x2014;mapping antibiotics to bacteria). We experimentally evaluate the main overhead components and show they are reasonable. The initial client computation overhead for 100,000 data items is around 5 minutes and our privacy mechanisms can sustain theoretical throughputs of several million predicate evaluations per second, even for an unoptimized OpenSSL-based implementation.
p53 codon 271 CGT to CAT mutant fraction does not increase in nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelia of rats exposed to inhaled naphthalene.

Abstract A 2-year rat tumor bioassay testing whole body exposure to naphthalene (NA) vapor found a significant increase in nasal respiratory epithelial adenomas in male rats and in olfactory epithelial neuroblastomas in female rats. To obtain mechanistic insight into NA-induced nasal carcinogenesis, NA dose–response was characterized in nasal epithelium using a tumor-relevant endpoint. Specifically, levels of p53 codon 271 CGT to CAT mutation were measured in nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelium of NA-exposed male and female rats by allele-specific competitive blocker-PCR (ACB-PCR). Male and female, 8–9 week-old F344 rats (5 rats/group) were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 30 ppm NA vapor for 13 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week). The geometric mean p53 mutant fraction (MF) levels in nasal epithelium of control treatment groups ranged between 2.05 × 10−5 and 3.05 × 10−5. No significant dose-related changes in p53 mutant fraction (MF) were observed in the olfactory or respiratory epithelia of female rats. However, statistically significant treatment-related differences were observed in male respiratory and olfactory epithelium, with the p53 MF in the respiratory epithelium of male rats exposed to 30 ppm NA significantly lower than that in controls. Further, a significant trend of decreasing p53 MF with increasing dose was observed in the male respiratory epithelium. Of the tissue types analyzed, respiratory epithelium is the most sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of NA, suggesting cytotoxicity may be responsible for the loss of p53 mutation. Because ACB-PCR has been used successfully to detect the effects of known mutagenic carcinogens, the absence of any significant increases in p53 MF associated with NA exposure adds to the weight of evidence that NA does not operate through a directly mutagenic mode of action.
Eruptive history of the rhyolitic Kane Springs Wash Volcanic Center, Nevada

The 19×13 km Kane Springs Wash caldera formed 14 Ma ago following eruption of the three youngest members of the Kane Wash Tuff. Two older cooling units of the Kane Wash Tuff are dated 15.7±0.2 Ma and 14.7±0.2 Ma and apparently erupted from source areas west of the exposed caldera. Volcanic eruptions from the Kane Springs Wash center began about 14 Ma ago with extrusion of trachyte lavas now preserved north of the caldera. Member V1 of the Kane Wash Tuff overlies the trachytes and is zoned from rhyolite to trachyte. In contrast, overlying members V2 and V3 are slightly peralkaline rhyolites (comendite). Eruption of these tuffs 14.1±0.2 Ma ago initiated caldera collapse. Following collapse, trachyte lavas indistinguishable in age from the ash-flow tuffs erupted within the caldera, forming a 5-m-diameter cumulodome whose interior portions crystallized to syenite. This magmatic resurgence formed an extrusive complex within the caldera rather than doming the cauldron block as in classic resurgent calderas. Metaluminous ferroedenite-rhyolite lavas and associated ash-flow tuffs then erupted in the “moat” surrounding the central trachyte/syenite complex. Pyroclastic deposits from the domes were covered by trachyandesite and basalt lava flows about 13.4 Ma ago. Biotiterhyolite domes dated 13.4±0.2 Ma continued to erupt in the northeastern moat and appear to be the last silicic eruptions from the Kane Springs Wash magma system. A 13.4 Ma metaluminous biotite-rhyolite dome containing vapor-phase topaz overlies the trachyandesite lavas and appears to be the youngest biotite-rhyolite dome. These intracaldera units filled the moat, resulting in a caldera filled with its own eruptive products. Local basalt flows covered both intracaldera units and outflow sheets between 12.7 and 11.5 Ma ago, prior to Basin and Range faulting. The “dominant volume” of the system was trachytic, as trachyte lavas erupted both prior to and following caldera collapse, and trachyte inclusions occur as scoriaceous bombs at the top of member V2. Fractionation of this trachyte magma produced the slightly peralkaline rhyolitic magma that erupted as the Kane Wash Tuff. The shift from an anhydrous mineral assemblage in the tuffs to hydrous assemblages in the later intracaldera rhyolites shows that the system was cooling and was possibly more hydrous in its late stages. Petrographic characteristics of trachyandesite lavas erupted late in the history of the center suggest that they represent basaltic magmas contaminated with silicic material
On the periodicity of atmospheric von Kármán vortex streets

For over 100 years, laboratory-scale von Karman vortex streets (VKVSs) have been one of the most studied phenomena within the field of fluid dynamics. During this period, countless publications have highlighted a number of interesting underpinnings of VKVSs; nevertheless, a universal equation for the vortex shedding frequency ( $$N$$ ) has yet to be identified. In this study, we have investigated $$N$$ for mesoscale atmospheric VKVSs and some of its dependencies through the use of realistic numerical simulations. We find that vortex shedding frequency associated with mountainous islands, generally demonstrates an inverse relationship to cross-stream obstacle length ( $$L$$ ) at the thermal inversion height of the atmospheric boundary layer. As a secondary motive, we attempt to quantify the relationship between $$N$$ and $$L$$ for atmospheric VKVSs in the context of the popular Strouhal number ( $$Sr$$ )–Reynolds number ( $$Re$$ ) similarity theory developed through laboratory experimentation. By employing numerical simulation to document the $$Sr{-}Re$$ relationship of mesoscale atmospheric VKVSs (i.e., in the extremely high $$Re$$ regime) we present insight into an extended regime of the similarity theory which has been neglected in the past. In essence, we observe mesoscale VKVSs demonstrating a consistent $$Sr$$ range of 0.15–0.22 while varying $$L$$ (i.e, effectively varying $$Re$$ ).
Mytilus californianus as a bioindicator of trace metal pollution: Variability and statistical considerations☆

Abstract Trace metal variability was evaluated in two populations of Mytilus californianus through the analysis of individual specimens. Samples were collected from two areas in the Southern California Bight and analysed for their Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn content. Analysis of the data revealed that population variability was not the same between the two sites, indicating that variability may need to be evaluated for each population (site) studied. In general, the analysis of 10 to 30 individuals was necessary to yield maximum resolution in terms of trace metal concentrations between population means while maintaining cost effectiveness.
Complete Sequence of SpHox8 and Its Linkage in the Single Hox Gene Cluster of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

SpHox8 is the paralog group 8 Hox gene of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. This identification follows from an analysis of the sequence of the complete open reading frame of a late-gastrula-stage cDNA clone; from direct linkage to adjacent Hox genes in a fosmid contig; and from blot hybridizations carried out on pulse field gel electrophoretic separations. SpHox8 is a single-copy gene, and there is only one Hox gene cluster per genome in S. purpuratus.
High‐throughput functional marker assay for detection of Xa/xa and fgr genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

We apply CE for high-throughput analysis of functional markers for marker-assisted selection in rice. The accuracy, throughput and reproducibility of CE analysis for sequence-tagged site (STS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for bacterial blight resistance and aroma genes are demonstrated by using a CE system. Multiplex PCR products displayed well-differentiated allelic variants using different STS and SSR markers for identification of xa13, Xa21 and fgr genes using the CE system compared to 1.2% agarose gel images. Moreover, consumption of PCR product is much less in the CE system compared to traditional agarose gel systems. Sample consumption is less than 0.1 μL per analysis, thereby conserving samples for further downstream analysis. Out of 29 genotypes in BC(1)F(3) generation, 16 plants were found homozygous for all the three genes, viz., xa13, Xa21 and fgr. These homozygous lines can be used as potential donors in rice breeding programmes.
Font recognition by a neural network

Two neural network models, labelled Model H-H1 and Model H-H2 by Hogg and Huberman have been successfully applied to recognize 26 English capital letters, each with six font representations. These two models are very similar, but Model H-H2 has the capability for modification of the basins of attraction during the training phase, whereas Model H-H1 does not. This appears to be a desirable feature for a neural network. It is shown in this work that this is indeed true. In either model, it is difficult to find a single set of parameters for one network or memory that can distinguish all of the characters. Therefore, a cascade of memories is utilized. Thus, in the training phase, a decision tree is built by cascading the memory matrices that represent the models. That is successive layers of refinement in selection of basins of attraction are used to generate output patterns unique to each input pattern. In the recognition phase, the subject characters are recognized by searching in the tree. Model parameters such as memory array size, SminSmax, and MminMmax were varied to elucidate the model's behavior. It is shown that there exist parameter values for both models to achieve a 100% recognition rate when all six fonts are used both as the training and the recognition set. Model H-H2 significantly outperformed Model H-H1 in terms of recognition rate, use of memory space, and learning speed when all six fonts were used as the training set.
ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF ADRENAL GLANDS IN NORMAL FERRETS

The adrenal glands of 20 normal ferrets were imaged with ultrasound. Of the forty glands, only 4 (three right and one left) could not be clearly identified. Mean (±standard deviation) dimensions of the right (7.6 ± 1.8 mm length by 2.6 ± 0.4 mm width) and left (7.2 ± 1.8 mm length by 2.8 ± 0.5 mm width) glands were similar. Both adrenal glands were wider (p<0.05) sonographically in males than females. Measured length and width of the right gland positively correlated (p<0.05) with body weight. The glands had a hypoechoic outer zone and hyperechoic central region, were elongate to avoid in shape and located medial and, variably, at the level of the cranial pole of the ipsilateral kidney. This study demonstrates that normal adrenal glands can be imaged in ferrets.
Wide QRS Complexes: Electrophysiologic Basis of a Common Electrocardiographic Diagnosis

Wide QRS Complexes. Wide QRS complex tachycardia is a commonly encountered arrhythmia and its appropriate diagnosis often poses a challenge to most physicians. The origin of a wide QRS complex is either supraventricular with abnormal ventricular activation or ventricular. This review addresses the main electrophysiologic mechanisms involved in the genesis of a wide QRS complex and its maintenance as a sustained arrhythmia. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 3, pp. 365–393, August 1992)
Diasteroselective Preparation of Cyclopropanols Using Methylene Bis(iodozinc)

A diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2-substituted cyclopropanols is outlined. Bimetallic CH(2)(ZnI)(2) was found to react with α-chloroaldehydes to give cyclopropanols in yields of 64-89% and dr's ≥ 10:1. The high trans-selectivity resulted from equilibration of the cyclopropoxide intermediates.
Social-Cohort Effect on Three Masculinity-Femininity Instruments and Self-Report

The effect of female social-cohort groups on sex-typed behavioral preferences and conceptions of role stereotypes was studied by means of multivariate analyses. Subjects' self-reports of femininity...
George Peacock and the British origins of symbolical algebra

Abstract This paper studies the background to and content of George Peacock's work on symbolical algebra. It argues that, in response to the problem of the negative numbers, Peacock, an inveterate reformer, elaborated a system of algebra which admitted essentially “arbitrary” symbols, signs, and laws. Although he recognized that the symbolical algebraist was free to assign somewhat arbitrarily the laws of symbolical algebra, Peacock himself did not exercise the freedom of algebra which he proclaimed. The paper ends with a discussion of Sir William Rowan Hamilton's criticism of symbolical algebra.
A simple technique for automatic recompilation in modular programming languages

This paper presents simple techniques that can be used to automate recompilation and avoid unnecessary recompilation in modular programming languages. The basic technique generates a Makefile that reflects the dependencies among modules. This technique is demonstrated for programs written in SR, although it can easily be adapted to other modular languages. The recompilation problem for SR programs is complicated by the flexible way components can be placed in source files and by how an SR module's specification and implementation can be combined. A small modification to the basic technique reduces the amount of unnecessary compilation. This ‘semi-smart’ approach is worth the small extra effort. The techniques described in this paper should be considered as an inexpensive, yet reasonably effective, alternative to smart recompilation. These techniques are especially applicable when the language's compiler cannot easily be modified.
Migration of vacancies, He interstitials and He-vacancy clusters at grain boundaries in α-Fe

Abstract The dimer method for searching transition states has been used to systematically study possible migration paths of vacancies, He interstitials and He-vacancy (He/V) clusters at Σ11 {3 2 3} and Σ3 {1 1 1} grain boundaries (GBs) in α-Fe. Vacancies trapped at the GBs diffuse along the GBs with migration energies much less than that within the perfect crystal. Long-time dynamics simulations of diffusion pathways reveal that vacancies migrate one-dimensionally along specific directions in both GBs: directly along close-packed rows in the Σ3 GB, and in zigzag paths within the Σ11 GB. Also, dimer saddle point searches show that He interstitials can diffuse along the GBs with migration energies of 0.4–0.5 eV, similar to those of individual vacancies at the GBs, and the corresponding mechanisms are determined. The rate-controlling activation energy for migration of a He-divacancy cluster in the GBs determined using the dimer method is about 0.9 eV. This is comparable to the migration energy for a He-divacancy cluster in bulk α-Fe.
Possible eucaryotic algae (Bangiophycidae) among early Proterozoic microfossils

Recent data concerning extant planktonic red algae, chrysophytes, and haptophytes suggest possible reallocation of certain previously described middle and late Precambrian microfossils to one or more of these eucaryotic groups. Both binary fission and budding reproductive methods characterize Huroniospora of the Gunflint Iron Formation and Palaeocryptidium of the Bohemian Proterozoic. Their reproduction, morphology, habitat, and wide geographic distribution, as well as phylogenetic interpretations based on morphology, life cycles, and biochemistry of extant algae, suggest possible assignment of the Precambrian fossils to the unicellular red algal Order Porphyridiales (Subclass Bangiophycidae) rather than to the procaryotic blue-green algae or to the terrestrial fungi as recently suggested. Living Porphyridium may show peripheral multiple budding, with the resultant small cells held in the mucilaginous sheath that surrounds the parent cell, suggesting a similar relationship of Eosphaera tyleri Barghoorn and the Type 4 organism of Hofmann and Jackson. Eucapsis ? from the Paradise Creek Formation also might be referable to the Rhodophyta (spore packets of Bangiales) or Chromophyta (colony stage of Haptophyceae or Chrysophyceae) rather than to the blue-green algae. Reassignment of the Gunflint taxa to the red algal Subclass Bangiophycidae would make this the earliest fossil record of this group; preservation of these unicellular organisms is due to the exceptional nature of the enclosing chert. The suggested reassignment also would date the evolution of the eucaryotic cell and of vegetative mitotic cell division by binary fission and budding by at least 1.9 × 10 9 yr B.P., about the time previously hypothesized as representing the final transition from an anoxic to an oxygenic atmosphere. Genetic recombination resulting from sexual reproduction, with nuclear fusion and meiosis, first appeared in red or green algae at some time within the succeeding 1 b.y.
High-resolution 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of pediatric posterior fossa tumors in vitro

✓ High-resolution proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy was performed on perchlorate extracts of tumors (24 cases) or peritumoral vermis (five cases) obtained at surgery. Fifteen tumors were typical cerebellar astrocytomas and nine were posterior fossa primitive neuroectodermal tumors/medulloblastomas. Spectra obtained from the five samples of peritumoral vermis revealed a pattern of metabolites similar to that reported for cerebellar tissue, but concentrations of most metabolites were low, perhaps due to dilution from peritumoral edema. The astrocytomas were characterized by high levels of valine, alanine, and choline, an increase in the choline:N-acetylaspartate (NAA) ratio, and a shift from glutamate to glutamine. Elevations in lactate, pyruvate, and glucose were the result of ischemia during sampling. The primitive neuroectodermal tumors/medulloblastomas were distinguished from astrocytomas by a greater increase in the choline:NAA ratio, a smaller decrease in the glutamate:glutamine ratio, and a...
Characterization of a receptor-like protein for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat skin

Abstract Isolated rat epidermis possesses a cytosolic 3.5 S receptor-like protein for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. This 3.5S binder has a high affinity (Kd = 1.4 X 10(-10) M) for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and is present in low concentrations (31 fmol of binding sites per mg of cytosol protein). Analog competition for receptor binding revealed the following potency order: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 > 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 > 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 > 24 (R),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 > vitamin D3. The receptor has a molecular weight of 60,000, has affinity for DNA-cellulose, and aggregates in the presence of low potassium concentrations. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binder is stabilized by sodium molybdate (10 mM). Addition of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (3 mM) was found to yield more reproducible receptor preparations. The presence of a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binding macromolecule with properties similar to those of the bone and intestinal receptor suggests that skin is an additional target organ for this hormone.
Selective inhibition of the lipoxygenase metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid by the SRS-A antagonist, FPL 55712

Arachidonic acid, metabolized by the enzyme contained in the cell-free homogenate of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells, yields products of both the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways. FPL 55712, the SRS-A antagonist, was found to inhibit the formation of lipoxygenase products, but not the cyclooxygenase products. Proxicromil was qualitatively similar, but markedly less potent. Disodium cromoglycate was inactive as an inhibitor of either metabolic pathway at concentrations up to 300 microM.
The night eating syndrome and bulimia in the morbidly obese

The relationship between two pathological eating syndromes, the night eat- ing syndrome (NES)and bulimia, was examined in a sample of 1 74 morbidly obese adults. The prevalence of NES (15%) and bulimia (2%) was greater among the morbidly obese compared to the normal weight sample (under 1 % for both syndromes). The scales measuring NES and bulimia were posi- tively correlated and both were positively related to measures of psychoneu- roticism.
Comparison of g.p.c. elution characteristics and diffusion coefficients of asphaltenes

Abstract A theoretical analysis of configurational effects on exclusion chromatography (g.p.c.) and diffusion rates of macromolecules is used to interpret data for the diffusion coefficients of petroleum-derived asphaltenes in tetrahydrofuran at 25 °C. If the asphaltene constituents are considered to be rigid, disc-like molecules, the theory and experiments are consistent in that both show the asphaltene diffusion coefficients to be smaller than those of g.p.c.-equivalent polystyrenes. Two conclusions result from this work: (1) polystyrene is not a good molecular model for predicting the diffusional characteristics of asphaltenes; and (2) there is a broad variation (by a factor of ten) of diffusion coefficients among the constituents of one asphaltene extract.