cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deep seabed mining and unilateral legislation

Abstract Mining and other kinds of exploitation of the deep seabed and the ocean floor as well as the subsoil thereof are fairly new developments, made possible by modern technology. It is contended here that unilateral exploitation of these areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction is not authorized by existing principles, by the common heritage of mankind concept, or by the emerging consensus at the United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea. Invocation of the freedom of the seas doctrine by individual states or corporations for unilateral exploitation purposes find no support in international law. The 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf and the 200‐meter rule are already obsolete, and the doctrine of the freedom of the seas does not cover every new ocean activity made possible by the progress of science; absolute freedom no longer exists. Exploration and exploitation of the deep seabed were not dealt with by the 1958 Convention on the High Seas, nor does the Convention on the Continen...
The Clinical and Educational Systems: Differences and Similarities

TWo systems are currently used in the United States to diagnose and classify school-age children With autism for special education services. These are the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Menta...
Trace Element Transport in the Mammary Gland

The mammary gland has a remarkable capacity to adapt to maternal deficiency or excess of iron, copper, and zinc and to homeostatically control milk concentrations of these essential nutrients. Similarly, it can regulate changes in concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc change during lactation. For iron, this regulation is achieved by transferrin receptor, DMT1, and ferroportin, whereas mammary gland copper metabolism is regulated by Ctr1, ATP7A, and ATP7B. Zinc homeostasis is complex, involving both zinc importers (Zip3) and zinc exporters (ZnT-1, ZnT-2, and ZnT-4). Both transcriptional and post-translational regulation can affect protein abundance and cellular localization of these transporters, finely orchestrating uptake, intracellular trafficking, and secretion of iron, copper, and zinc. The control of mammary gland uptake and milk secretion of iron, copper, and zinc protects both the mammary gland and the breast-fed infant against deficiency and excess of these nutrients.
Genome-wide replication profiles of S-phase checkpoint mutants reveal fragile sites in yeast

The S-phase checkpoint kinases Mec1 and Rad53 in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are activated in response to replication stress that induces replication fork arrest. In the absence of a functional S-phase checkpoint, stalled replication forks collapse and give rise to chromosome breakage. In an attempt to better understand replication dynamics in S-phase checkpoint mutants, we developed a replication origin array for budding yeast that contains 424 of 432 previously identified potential origin regions. As expected, mec1-1 and rad53-1 mutants failed to inhibit late origin activation. Surprisingly however, 17 early-firing regions were not replicated efficiently in these mutants. This was not due to a lack of initiation, but rather to problems during elongation, as replication forks arrested in close proximity to these origins, resulting in the accumulation of small replication intermediates and eventual replication fork collapse. Importantly, these regions were not only prone to chromosome breakage in the presence of exogenous stress but also in its absence, similar to fragile sites in the human genome.
Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Descriptive Yet Pejorative?

TO THE EDITOR: The euphemistic term castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has slowly entered the everyday lexicon of those who study and treat prostate cancer. Ahmann and Crawford utilized this term in 1987. Emanating from what used to be called hormonerefractory prostate cancer and/or androgen-independent prostate cancer, this CRPC consensus definition was first formally reintroduced at a 2005 ODAC discussion on prostate cancer trial end points. Subsequently, in 2008, it was specifically defined in a Prostate Cancer Working Group Guidelines report, published in Journal of Clinical Oncology. At that time, Scher et al recognized that despite medical or surgical castration, prostate cancers were still sensitive to subcastrate levels of androgens, either emanating from the adrenal cortex or from prostate cancer cells themselves (with direct intracrine activation of the androgen receptor cascade). However, there have been some concerns expressed by clinicians, and more importantly by patients themselves, that the term castration implies some sort of testicular removal, which has a negative connotation for many men who have this disease. Hormone-refractory prostate cancer and androgen-independent prostate cancer did not have this perceived stigma, but in contrast, they have proven to be considerably inaccurate, as secondgeneration androgen deprivation therapy clinical trials are beginning to demonstrate. Therefore, we would like to propose that a term such as endocrineresistant prostate cancer may be a better description to utilize with our colleagues and patients. It is both accurate and less emotionally charged. Seen in this fashion, it gives us in the field, as well as our patients, a clearer way to view therapeutic options (which will increase significantly in the years to come). Therapeutically, if patients knew their disease was either endocrine sensitive or endocrine resistant, potentially approvable agents like Abiraterone, MDV-3100, and even estrogenic compounds could be clearly delineated from the evolving nonhormonal options that are also coming down the pike, like immunotherapy, targeted agents, and newer chemotherapies.
Hippocampal Cell Distributions in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Comparison Between Patients With and Without an Early Risk Factor

Summary: Neuronal cell distributions were measured for anterior and posterior locations in the hippocampi of epilepsy patients who were seizure-free after temporal lobectomy. Patients were divided into two groups, those with an early risk factor, defined as a neurologic insult occurring in the first 4 years of life, and those with no early risk factor. Early-risk patients had lower hilar cell densities, lower granule cell densities, and fewer granule cells per millimeter, a measure related to total granule cell number, than no early risk patients. Moreover, each risk group had different anteroposterior density gradients for granule cells and hilar cells. These differences in cell distribution may arise from different patterns of cell loss or cell migration in the dentate gyrus during development. In the early-risk group, there was also a distinction between patients with a history of febrile convulsions without CNS infection and patients with a history of meningitis or encephalitis. These two subgroups had similar numbers of granule cells. However, the meningitis/encephalitis subgroup exhibited a wider granule cell layer, suggesting that the granule cell layer was more dispersed. Our results support the hypothesis of a predominantly anterior hippocampal insult in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In nonepileptic hippocampus, the ratio of putatively excitatory granule neurons to putatively inhibitory hilar neurons is highest in the anterior hippocampus. This ratio may explain in part why the anterior hippocampus is more prone to cell loss and seizures.
Just War Principles and Economic Sanctions

Pierce challenges the argument that economic sanctions are always morally preferable to the use of military force. His analysis shows that economic sanctions also inflict great pain, suffering, and physical harm on the innocent population of noncombatants and that small-scale military operations are sometimes preferable. Lori Fisler Damrosch's framework for ethical analysis, Michael Walzer's Just and Unjust Wars, and the case of Haiti are used to support his argument.
Graduate education in clinical psychology for the twenty‐first century: Educating psychological health care providers

This comment focuses on a topic that is implied but not explicated in C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott's article (this issue): The biopsychosocial model. I begin by discussing the status of health care, taking up in turn its tremendous problems and the negative effects of a system built on mind–body dualism. I argue for a transformation of the biomedical system to a biopsychosocial system. I then discuss the opportunities for psychology and the implications for training. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
An outer bound region for the parallel two-way channel with interference

The classical interference channel models the communication limits of two independent, interfering streams of one-way data. In this paper we extend the classical interference channel model to a new channel model in which two streams of two-way data interfere with each other. In the absence of interference, this model would result in two parallel two-way channels (a four node channel); in the presence of interference it encompasses two-way, interference, and cooperation tradeoffs. The discrete memoryless “parallel two-way channel with interference” is considered, in which each of the four nodes is the source of one message, the receiver of another, and experiences interference from yet another transmitter. The nodes may adapt their transmissions to the past received signals in a fully two-way fashion. We present an outer bound to the four dimensional capacity region which utilizes four auxiliary random variables to constrain the input distributions, and present a looser outer bound with a single auxiliary random variable which is computable as we place bounds on this variables alphabet size.
Univariate and bivariate analyses of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in pedigrees

A multivariate normal model for pedigree analysis is applied to fasting total serum cholesterol and total serum triglyceride measurements on 771 individuals in 95 pedigrees from Rochester, MN. Univariate and bivariate analyses are carried out to determine to what extent the aggregation and coaggregation in families of these two traits may be attributed to shared genetic and environmental factors. Pedigrees were ascertained through a sample of schoolchildren enriched for those with serum cholesterol levels in the highest and lowest deciles of their age- and sex-specific distributions. Ascertainment is corrected for by conditioning the likelihood on the trait values of the probands. Univariate results confirm the findings of previous studies indicating that familial aggregation of serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels is due both to shared genes and to shared environmental factors. Results of the bivariate analyses suggest that the coaggregation of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in these families is strongly influenced by both shared genes (pleiotropy) and shared environmental factors. These findings are consistent with our understanding of lipid metabolism and of specific environmental factors known to influence both traits.
Geographic variation and genetic structure in the Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi), a critically endangered synanthropic species

Bird species may exhibit unexpected population structuring over small distances, with gene flow restricted by geographic features such as water or mountains. The Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi) is a critically endangered, synanthropic island endemic with a declining population of fewer than 300 individuals. It now remains only on Andros Island (The Bahamas), which is riddled with waterways that past studies assumed did not hinder gene flow. We examined 1,858 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA sequenced from four gene regions in 14 birds (roughly 5% of the remaining population) found on the largest land masses of Andros Island (North Andros and Mangrove Cay/South Andros). We sought to discern genetic structuring between the remaining subpopulations and its relationship to current conservation concerns. Four unique haplotypes were identified, with only one shared between the two subpopulations. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity were higher for the North Andros subpopulation than for the Mangrove Cay/South Andros subpopulation. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) yielded a Wright's fixation index (F st) of 0.60 (P Fst = 0.016), with 40.2% of the molecular variation explained by within-population differences and 59.8% by among-population differences. Based on the mitochondrial regions examined in this study, we suggest the extant subpopulations of Bahama Oriole exhibit significant population structuring over short distances, consistent with some other non-migratory tropical songbird species.
Macrophages derived from C3H/HeJ (Lpsd) mice respond to bacterial lipopolysaccharide by activating NF-kappa B.

The effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on macrophage gene expression are mediated in part by its ability to induce activation of transcription factor NF-xB. We compared the ability of LPS-treated macrophages from Lps" (LPS-responsive) C3H/HeN and Lps' (LPS-hyporesponsive) C3H/HeJ mice to mobilize NF-xB by electrophoretic mobility shift assays with oligonucleotide probes containing a unique NF-xB se- quence from the promoter of inducible nitric oxide syn- thase (iNOS). In response to ng/ml concentrations of LPS, this probe bound proteins that appeared rapidly in the nuclei of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophage cell lines from both Lps" and Lp?' mice. Only in macrophages from Lps� mice, however, was LPS able to induce iNOS or tumor necrosis factor a. NF-xB-containing DNA-protein com- plexes from Lps" macrophages were formed in lesser amounts than from Lps" macrophages but shared the same composition, insofar as they displayed the same electrophoretic mobilities and content of heterodimers of p50/RelA (p65) and p50/c-rd. Two conclusions emerge from these findings: (1) NF-xB activity alone is not sufficient for induction of certain LPS-responsive genes and (2) An LPS-response pathway involving activation of NF-xB is preserved in Lps' mice. The inability of cells from Lps" mice to induce gene expression in response to LPS thus cannot be attributed to inability to activate NF-xB.J. Leukoc. Rio). 57: 174-179; 1995.
Chinatown Literature during the Last Ten Years (1939–1949) by Wenquan

(1982). Chinatown Literature during the Last Ten Years (1939–1949) by Wenquan. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 75-100.
High-speed myocardial perfusion imaging: dawn of a new era in nuclear cardiology?

During the past 2 decades, myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has become fully embedded in the practice of clinical cardiology. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) cameras are readily available in both the hospital and the office setting. The stress protocols for MPI, with either
Shake it

This paper presents our design process and resulting solution for the CHI 2004 Student Design Competition. The design challenge posed was to pilot audience participation as a way to reduce the controversy caused by judging at the Olympics in sports such as diving and gymnastics. We faced this challenge by applying both empirical and analytical human-computer interaction methods, as well as extensive research into the Olympics and available technologies. Our findings led us to suggest the "Shake It!" system for Athens 2004: Each spectator will have a shaker that divides into two parts, each part having a different color and producing a different sound. Audience members use the shaker to express agreement or disagreement with the judge's scores. A computer vision system will be used to process the input, and audience member votes will be represented on a large screen in the venue.
Party Competition, Party Polarization, and the Changing Demand for Lobbying in the American States

Interest system density influences internal dynamics within interest organizations, how they lobby, and policy conditions. But how do political conditions influence interest system density? How doe...
Optimizing Resident Education of Ophthalmic Pathology: Qualitative Assessment of Annotated Virtual Microscopy Web Site

Introduction Virtual microscopy is an exciting new modality that is being integrated into medical education. A nationwide collaborative effort between eight leading ophthalmology programs was undertaken to compile an extensive array of ophthalmic pathology slides to host online. To facilitate self-directed learning and assessment, Web site development included “hidden” interactive annotations, accessible only on demand, of relevant pathological findings. Methods A small subgroup of 24 ophthalmology residents currently matriculated in their second, third, or fourth postgraduate year across eight institutions independently evaluated the Web site. Educational effectiveness was assessed by anonymous survey. Features qualitatively considered included (1) level of postgraduate training, (2) prior ophthalmic pathology Web site experience, (3) perceived educational values, (4) difficulties encountered, (5) Web site utility, and (6) usefulness of a free-text comment box. Results Two-thirds of the participating residents had prior exposure to virtual microscopy as a resource tool. Positive assessments included the use of interactive annotations by which to facilitate self-directed learning and a user-friendly platform with good-to-excellent educational value relative to other ophthalmic-related Web sites. Negative assessment included little value in problem-based learning. Suggestions for improvement included integration with pathology-related lecture series led by an ophthalmic pathologist. Discussion The use of a comprehensive online interactive virtual library of ophthalmic pathological specimens to facilitate autodidactic medical education is supported by a small subgroup of currently matriculated ophthalmology residents across eight institutions. Integration of prereview and postreview “quizzes” addressing relevant pathological topics is anticipated to further reinforce retention of fundamental pathological concepts.
How do actors in task-oriented situations process finely graded differences in ability?

Abstract Much work in status characteristics theory (SCT) rests on an “ordinal comparisons hypothesis” that implies that the actors in a situation cognitively simplify the status information they must process. Simplified distinctions link actors to task outcomes via chains of cognitive associations. Actor's expectations for themselves and each other, the theory asserts, are functions of such chains with the property that longer chains have weaker effects on expectations than shorter chains. Many of the theory's predictions also rest on a “situational reference hypothesis” that says actors in a situation compare themselves with others in the immediate situation. Foddy and Smithson (1996, 1999) proposed alternatives that would partially or fully invalidate many derivations from the theory (e.g., Berger et al. 1998), which depend explicitly on these premises, especially the first. In this paper, I reanalyze Foddy and Smithson's data and report on some computer simulations designed to clarify their results. M...
Perianal hidradenitis suppurativa; a clinical and pathologic study.

HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissues in those regions in which apocrine sweat glands are said to be found, namely the axitla, about the areola of the breast, in the inguinal regions, about the external genitalia and in the perianal region a,-a, ~:~ Late in its course, the disease is characterized by the formation of subcutaneous abscesses, fistulas and sinuses, '-'~ and by cutaneous scarring. As is true in most conditions that neither represent a ~'eat threat to life nor afflict large numbers of people, this disease has not attracted widespread attention among physicians. Most of the reports concerning hidradenitis represent impressions based on a relatively narrow clinical experience. It is the purpose of this paper to present the results of a clinical and pathologic study of a sizeable group of cases of hidradenitis, comparing our findings with comparable data gleaned from the literature.
Crystal Photodimerization Reactions of Spatially Engineered Isocoumarin Assemblies

We report the single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) photodimerization of a sulfonamide isocoumarin. When recrystallized, this material forms centrosymmetrically related supramolecular dimers that assemble via the complementary features of molecular shape and carboxyl···carboxyl contacts. This prescribed motif persists despite the presence of two-part whole-molecule disorder. Each disorder component is involved in a unique set of hydrogen-bonding interactions, N–H···O═C versus N–H···O═S, that propagate along the [111] and [110] directions of the crystal, respectively. Despite the observed disorder, the overall recognition profile of this supramolecular dimer remained intact, effectively promoting coplanar head-to-tail alignment with a separation of 3.4–4.1 A between the neighboring C═C groups. UV illumination studies using the tail-irradiation technique produced a single photodimer product in quantitative yield via a SCSC transformation.
141 CASE REPORT: A PATIENT WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND LUNG CANCER

Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common, autosomal recessive disease characterized by chronic airway infections, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and intestinal dysfunction. Cancers described in patients with CF have generally been limited to the digestive tract, including small and large intestine and esophagogastric. We describe a case of lung cancer in a patient with CF. Methods A 52-year-old white male was diagnosed with CF two years prior based on recurrent bouts of pancreatitis and an abnormal sweat test ([Cl] = 105 and 101 mEq/L [normal 0-40 mEq/L]). He had a 50 pack-year tobacco history that he quit prior to CABG, one year prior to diagnosis. A chest x-ray revealed a right lower lobe nodule. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed, revealing no endobronchial lesions. A CT scan revealed the lesion along with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Biopsies suggested poorly differentiated carcinoma. Final diagnosis was returned as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with immunohistochemistry stains positive for broad-spectrum cytokeratin, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase. A metastatic workup that included MRI brain; CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis; and a bone scan revealed no distant metastatic disease. He was begun on chemotherapy with etoposide (E) and cisplatin (P). Therapy was complicated by recurrent bouts of dehydration, pulmonary infection, and febrile neutropenia on one occasion. Repeat CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed partial response of the original disease and a new lesion within the right middle lobe. Biopsy of this lesion revealed no malignancy. Chemotherapy was changed from EP to E + carboplatin (C). Repeat CT scans after two cycles of EC revealed worsening right middle and lower lobe disease, worrisome for lymphangitic spread. A CT-guided right lower lobe lesion biopsy returned as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunohistochemical staining was identical to the previous specimen and this was interpreted as large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Chemotherapy was changed to weekly docetaxel. Due to continued decline in pulmonary and performance status, therapy was discontinued shortly thereafter. The patient died approximately one month later. Conclusions We report a man with a prior diagnosis of CF who developed SCLC and NSCLC. A MEDLINE search using the key words “cystic fibrosis” and “cancer” returned several articles and case reports of patients with CF and cancer, though the overwhelming majority were tumors of the digestive tract. In our search, we could only identify two other patients with nontransplanted CF and lung cancer.
An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between China's Imports of Sawn Timber and Exports of Wooded Furniture

China is the biggest sawn timber importer,and the largest furniture exporter in the world. This paper firstly analyzes the status of the imports of sawn timber and the exports of main wooden furniture. Then by using time series stationary test,co- integration test,error unit root test,and Granger- causality test,the conclusion can be gotten that there are the long- term stability between the imports of sawn wood and the exports of main wooden furniture,and the exports of the main wooden furniture are the granger reason of the imports of thesawn timber in China.In the end,this paper,makes a conclusion and put forward the suggestion.
Volar Ulnar Fixation

Distal radius fractures involving the volar ulnar corner represent a significant challenge that may require the treating hand surgeon to deviate from the common approach of using a volar locking plate. Not only can these injuries be subtle and easy to miss but they can also be very challenging to treat due to their location and the small size of the fragment(s). Yet, they are critical for the stability of the radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints, and often also constitute a major portion of the articular weight bearing surface of the wrist. The surgical approach must be carefully planned to be able to adequately access and address all of the fractured components of the distal radius, including the volar ulnar corner. Multiple methods of fixation may be used and combined, including fragment-specific plates, screws, K-wires, and sutures. With careful attention to the reduction and fixation techniques presented here, excellent outcomes can be achieved. Just as easily, however, disastrous consequences can result when this fragment is ignored or inadequately reduced or fixed.
A View Through Another Window: Free-Choice Science Learning and Generation R

From the growth of the Internet to the proliferation of educational programming offered by IMAX, educational television, museums, and the Web, there are more opportunities for self-directed, free-choice learning than ever before, much of it science and health related. People engage in such learning every day, tapping into a vast science learning infrastructure available 7 days a week, 24 × 7, across a life span. These opportunities are important, in fact, essential ways that people learn. Even more critical, these modes of learning allow individuals to contextualize their science knowledge, interest, and understanding throughout their lifetimes. In doing so, it is hoped that they become science-informed citizens, perhaps even engaged science participants. While access to and opportunities for education in general (and science education in particular) have been increasing, across both setting and life span, educational reform rhetoric, either implicitly or explicitly, continues to focus on the failure of US school-aged children to excel at mathematics and science in international comparisons. Likewise, solutions center on improving K-12 schooling and science teaching. If as Gen R science educators we want to help envision an effective and comprehensive whole life science education system, we must recognize and support the various places and ways in which people of all ages and backgrounds learn and engage in science across their lifetime—in school, certainly, but also at work, in the home, and in everyday life. To do this well, we must understand how to more effectively connect science learning opportunities across settings and the life span. If we understand the connections and interrelationships within this science learning web, we should be able to build a system that better leverages and contributes to lifelong science engagement and learning. This chapter focuses on the critical role free-choice science learning plays in science education as a different but equally essential component of a lifelong, whole life science learning system. It discusses the need for an education and research infrastructure to support this vital educational sector and the educators who work within it.
Forehead and Brow Rejuvenation

The forehead is often the first element of the face to show aging [1, 2]. Since the hair-bearing eyebrow is the most obvious aspect of the forehead, procedures such as forehead lifts, foreheadplasty, etc., have been referred in general terms, simply as “browlifts” [2]. Gonzales-Ulloa first described resuspension of the brow region through a coronal approach in 1962 [3]. Subsequent authors have altered or refined his approach to this area. Procedures to address the prematurely aging brow are among the most commonly performed in plastic surgery. In 2008, surgeon members of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) performed over 42,000 surgical browlift procedures, and many of the 5 million cosmetic Botox treatments and nearly 1.6 million soft tissue filler procedures were directed at forehead rhytids and transverse brow or glabellar creases [4]. Recent trends toward minimally invasive procedures have led to the development of endoscopic and other limited-length incisional approaches.
The Lipoproteins and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells: Cellular Proliferation and Morphology

We have been using primary cultures of aortic media as an in vitro model to study the response of these arterial smooth muscle cells to lipoproteins, and in particular to study their differential responses, if any, to lipoproteins from hyperlipemic serum compared to lipoproteins from normal serum.
A Combined QCM and AFM Study Exploring the Nanoscale Lubrication Mechanism of Silica Nanoparticles in Aqueous Suspension

Addition of nanoparticles to liquid lubricants often leads to a reduction in both friction and wear rates for a wide range of solid–liquid–nanoparticle combinations. While the lubricating properties of nanoparticles are well documented, the detailed physical mechanisms remain to be fully explored. In a step toward such an understanding, the nano-tribological properties of gold surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of negatively charged SiO2 nanoparticles were examined by means of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) and Atomic Force Microscopy methods. The SiO2 nanoparticles were found to reduce the resistance to shear motion at the QCM’s solid–liquid interface. The effect was observed to be concentration dependent, with ca. 1.5 wt% yielding the maximum reduction in shear. An electrokinetic mechanism is proposed whereby the loosely bound nanoparticles roll and/or slide on the surface, while upper layers of nanoparticles slip over the surface layer because of the repulsive electrostatic forces between the individual particles. The nanoparticles were observed to remove the electrode material from the gold surface and slightly increase the overall roughness with the major change happening within the first hour of the exposure. This study inherently provides insight into a complex interface of solid, liquid and nanoparticles at a nanometer scale.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and service utilization in a sample of service members from Iraq and Afghanistan

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, alcohol abuse, quality of life, and mental health service utilization among returnees from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Methods: One hundred twenty returnees, enrolled for health care at a midwestern Veterans Affairs medical center, completed questionnaires approximately 6 months after their return from deployment. Results: PTSD levels (12%) were consistent with previous research while problematic drinking levels were also elevated (33%). PTSD and, to a lesser degree, alcohol abuse were associated with lower quality of life in multiple domains, even when controlling for the influence of depression. Of those screening positive for PTSD, 56% reported using mental health services. Only 18% of those screening positive for alcohol abuse reported using such services. Conclusions: PTSD and alcohol problems are prevalent in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi...
Minimum Wage and Greater Democracy

A minimum wage that enables individuals to live with greater dignity will enable them to be more autonomous, which also enables them to develop their capabilities. As autonomy is prerequisite for democracy, a minimum wage that reduces inequality and contributes to economic development by serving as a foundation for job creation also makes for greater democracy. But a minimum wage which increases on a regular basis may also lead to greater democracy to the extent that it may serve to develop the social capital of low-wage workers. It isn’t only that a minimum wage will lead to greater democracy, but that it is an essential ingredient.
Examining Interventions Designed to Support Shared Decision Making and Subsequent Patient Outcomes in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background:Shared decision making (SDM) is a key attribute of patient-centered care, which empowers palliative care patients to be able to make optimal medical decisions about end-of-life treatment...
Endothelial Activation in Inflammation: Lessons Learned from E-Selectin

Research over the last two decades has produced major insights into the role of vascular endothelium in the orchestration of inflammatory responses. Endothelial cells play an active part in a variety of inflammatory and thrombotic processes, not least in the recruitment of leukocytes from the blood into surrounding tissues.1 This chapter focuses on the role in inflammation of a particular endothelial surface glycoprotein, E-selectin, which acts as an inducible adhesion molecule for leukocytes and as an excellent reporter of endothelial cell (EC) activation.
Characteristics of the myocardial PM-FABP: effect of diabetes mellitus.

Properties of the myocardial PM-FABP were studied in normal and STZ-diabetic rats. The fluorescent fatty acids trans-parinaric and cis-parinaric acids were used as analogs of straight-chain (saturated) and kinked-chain (unsaturated) fatty acids respectively. Parinaric acid binding was sensitive to trypsin. Trans-parinaric acid binding was more sensitive to this protease than the binding of cis-parinaric acid. Based on the difference in sensitivity of parinaric acid binding we believe that there are two separate binding sites associated with myocardial PM-FABP; one for unsaturated fats and the other for saturated fats. Diabetes enhanced both cis- and trans-parinaric acid binding capacity in cardiomyocytes; cis-parinaric acid by 2 fold and trans-parinaric acid by 2.6 fold. In addition, there was a concomitant accumulation of free fatty acids and triglycerides in the hearts of the diabetic animals. There was a 2.2 fold increase for fatty acids and a 1.6 fold increase for trigylcerides. This association between myocardial fatty acid build-up and enhanced myocardial PM-FABP during diabetes suggest that this carrier protein might have contributed to lipid accumulation in the hearts of the diabetic rats. (Mol Cell Biochem 176: 281–286, 1997)
4.32 – Biological Fingerprints

Advances over the last decade in molecular biology have made feasible the use of Biological Fingerprints as molecular descriptors. This review examines the varying approaches taken to exploit this newly available information in comparison to the results obtained from more traditional topological and pharmacophore descriptors. Examples are discussed in which authors have used this technique in similarity searching, compound clustering, activity modeling, target clustering, and chemical genomics analysis.
Simulation-Based Signal Selection

The single largest obstacle in post-silicon verification is the limited observability of internal signals of a design, as this severely limits our ability to diagnose an observed functional bug. A solution to address this issue leverages trace buffers: these are register buffers embedded into the design, with the goal of recording the value of a small number of state elements. Due to the trace buffer’s area overhead, only a very small fraction of the signals can be traced. Thus, the selection of which signals to trace is of paramount importance in post-silicon debugging and diagnosis. Ideally, we would like to select signals enabling the maximum amount of reconstruction of internal signal values. Several signal selection algorithms for post-silicon debug have been proposed in the literature: the majority of algorithms rely on a state restoration capacity metric, coupled with a greedy algorithm. In this chapter, we explore the possibility of using information gathered from simulation data to create a reliable restoration capability metric. We also analyze the shortcomings of metric-guided greedy algorithm structures and, based on our findings, present an alternative solution. This novel algorithm leverages an iterative metric-guided elimination to hone in a set of signals capable of providing the best state restoration.
Recording the wild lives of immune cells

Intravital microscopic imaging can uncover fundamental aspects of immune cell behavior in real time in both healthy and pathological states. Here, we discuss approaches for single-cell imaging of adaptive and innate immune cells to explore how they migrate, communicate, and mediate regulatory or effector functions in various tissues throughout the body. We further review how intravital single-cell imaging can be used to study drug effects on immune cells.
Necropornography in Modern Crime Fiction

Chapter 2 examines the history of necropornography in modern crime fiction. It proposes that a fascination with the sexualized cadavers of women pervaded the detective genre beginning with Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” (1841) and “The Mystery of Marie Roget” (1842). It situates Poe with respect to a narrative tradition of “sexual tales of murder” (Karen Halttunen) centrally concerned with the sexuality of female victims. The chapter examines eroticized cadavers and dissection scenes in George Lippard’s The Quaker City (1845), La huella del crimen (1877) by Raul Waleis (Luis V. Varela), Jonathan Latimer’s The Lady in the Morgue (1936), Michael Storme’s Hot Dames on Cold Slabs (1952), and So Nude, So Dead (1952) and Widows (1991), both by Ed McBain.
Book Review: Edgar Heap of Birds.Edgar Heap of Birds. Anthes, Bill. (2015). Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 216 pp. ISBN:978-0-8223-5994-4.

Review(s) of: Edgar heap of birds, by Anthes, Bill, (2015). Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 216 pp. ISBN: 978- 0- 8223-5994- 4.
Inflammation Predicts Decision-Making Characterized by Impulsivity, Present Focus, and an Inability to Delay Gratification.

Here, we propose a novel theoretical model linking present-focused decision-making to the activities of the immune system. We tested our model by examining the relationship between inflammatory activity – in vivo and in vitro – and decision-making characterized by impulsivity, present focus, and an inability to delay gratification. Results support our model, revealing that inflammation predicts these outcomes even after controlling for factors that may contribute to a spurious linkage between them. Moreover, subsequent analyses revealed that our model was a better fit for the data than alternative models using present-focused decision-making and its health-harming behavioural sequelae (e.g., smoking, risky sexual behaviour) to predict inflammation, lending support for the proposed directionality of this relationship. Together, these results suggest that inflammation may contribute to decision-making patterns that can result in undesirable personal and societal outcomes.
Discrete-Element Analysis of Influence of Granular Soil Density on Earthquake Surface Fault Rupture Interaction with Rigid Foundations

AbstractParametric analysis of the effects of soil relative density on earthquake surface fault rupture interaction with foundations having different contact pressures and positions was performed w...
On Her Own Account: How Strengthening Women's Financial Control Affects Labor Supply and Gender Norms

Author(s): Field, Erica; Pande, Rohini; Rigol, Natalia; Schaner, Simone; Moore, Charity Troyer
Successful treatment of cutaneous adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma with imiquimod

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma caused by the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. The indolent variant manifests on the skin as pruritic papules and plaques. Current treatment regimens for cutaneous ATL include watchful waiting; skin directed therapy, such as radiation, topical steroids, or ultraviolet light; or the use of oral agents, including interferon-α or zidovudine. Multiagent chemotherapy, notably mogamulizumab, is used for aggressive variantes.1,2 Chemotherapeutic agents used in ATL can be costly and associated with significant adverse effects. Imiquimod is an immunomodulator approved for actinic keratosis, primary superficial basal cell carcinoma, and genital warts. Off-label use has been efficacious in mycosis fungoides, lentigo maligna melanoma, HIV-negative Kaposi sarcoma, and primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.3, 4, 5 We present a patient in whom nearly complete resolution of ATL was achieved with topical imiquimod therapy.
A case report on delayed diagnosis of perforated Crohn's disease with recurrent intra-psoas abscess requiring omental patch.

Abstract Introduction Intra-abdominal abscesses associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) can rarely occur in the psoas muscle. An intra-psoas abscess is prone to misdiagnosis because its location mimics other diseases, like appendicitis and diverticulitis [ 1 ]. Presentation of case We present the case of a 25-year-old female with an 11-year history of CD, previously well-controlled on Remicade, who presented with right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain and CT findings of a right psoas abscess initially attributed to perforated appendicitis. Two percutaneous drainages pre-ileocecectomy, laparoscopic ileocecectomy, three percutaneous drainages post-ileocolectomy, and evidence of a recurrent abscess prompted diagnostic laparoscopy. The abscess was unroofed and debrided. A flap of omentum was used to fill the abscess cavity. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the terms ‘Crohn’s abscess’, ‘intra-psoas abscess’, and ‘omental patches’ in Medline and on PubMed. Discussion We attribute the abscess’ recurrence to possible epithelialization of the abscess cavity. Intra-psoas abscesses, albeit rare, are a known manifestation of CD. Percutaneous drainage is the initial standard of care, although diagnosis can be difficult given its association with several diseases, which can delay definitive treatment. We summarize a recently proposed and agreed upon treatment scheme for the management of the Crohn’s patient with an abdominal abscess. We also propose the novel technique of omental packing in abscess management. Conclusion Clinician awareness must be heightened for perforating CD in the setting of abscess refractory to either multiple drainage procedures, although care should be taken to individualize treatment to each CD patient who presents with an abdominal abscess.
The Impact of Preoperative Depression on Patient Satisfaction With Spine Surgeons in the Outpatient Setting.

Study design Retrospective review. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the association between preoperative depression and patient satisfaction in the outpatient spine clinic after lumbar surgery. Summary of background data The Clinician and Group Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CG-CAHPS) survey is used to measure patient experience in the outpatient setting. CG-CAHPS scores may be used by health systems in physician incentive programs and quality improvement initiatives or by prospective patients when selecting spine surgeons. Although preoperative depression has been shown to predict poor patient-reported outcomes and less satisfaction with the inpatient experience following lumbar surgery, its impact on patient experience with spine surgeons in the outpatient setting remains unclear. Methods Patients who underwent lumbar surgery and completed the CG-CAHPS survey at postoperative follow-up with their spine surgeon between 2009 and 2017 were included. Data were collected on patient demographics, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) scores, and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Global Health Physical Health (PROMIS-GPH) subscores. Patients with preoperative PHQ-9 scores ≥10 (moderate-to-severe depression) were included in the depressed cohort. The association between preoperative depression and top-box satisfaction ratings on several dimensions of the CG-CAHPS survey was examined. Results Of the 419 patients included in this study, 72 met criteria for preoperative depression. Depressed patients were less likely to provide top-box satisfaction ratings on CG-CAHPS metrics pertaining to physician communication and overall provider rating (OPR). Even after controlling for patient-level covariates, our multivariate analysis revealed that depressed patients had lower odds of reporting top-box OPR (odds ratio [OR]: 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06-0.63, P = 0.007), feeling that their spine surgeon provided understandable explanations (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11-0.91, P = 0.032), and feeling that their spine surgeon provided understandable responses to their questions or concerns (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06-0.63, P = 0.007). Conclusion Preoperative depression is independently associated with lower OPR and satisfaction with spine surgeon communication in the outpatient setting after lumbar surgery.Level of Evidence: 3.
Exploring the effect of standards-based grading on student learning

This is a Research to Practice Full Paper. Standards-based grading (SBG) is an assessment framework that rewards students for demonstrating mastery of course learning objectives. It also calls for feedback on formative assessments that allow students to target their deficiencies in a course area without being entangled with other confounding factors commonly found in summative assessments like test-taking aptitude or even class attendance. SBG is closely related to mastery learning and stands in contrast to traditional points-based grading methods that average a student’s performance over time (and topics), and some research suggests that SBG-based courses, when ideally implemented, can lead to increased standardized test scores and enhanced retention of course learning objectives over time.In this work, we describe our experience attempting to implement SBG in a sophomore-level Continuous-Time Signals and Systems course offered by an Electrical Engineering Department. For our implementation, the data show that student learning of course topics is comparable between the experimental SBG section (N = 33) and a control traditional points-based grading section (N = 34) as measured by performance on a Continuous-Time Systems and Signals Concept Inventory pretest and posttest. Additionally, student opinion of the SBG class was mixed as reported in end-of-term evaluations; in these evaluations, students judged the SBG course to be less educationally effective than the traditional section.In this paper, we present the full results of this experiment and explore reasons why our SBG implementation did not achieve the improved student outcomes found in other research. Through this work, we hope to help other educators avoid common pitfalls and mistakes that can hamper implementations of this promising classroom innovation.