cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bounding the cost of search-based lifted inference

Recently, there has been growing interest in systematic search-based and importance sampling-based lifted inference algorithms for statistical relational models (SRMs). These lifted algorithms achieve significant complexity reductions over their propositional counterparts by using lifting rules that leverage symmetries in the relational representation. One drawback of these algorithms is that they use an inference-blind representation of the search space, which makes it difficult to efficiently pre-compute tight upper bounds on the exact cost of inference without running the algorithm to completion. In this paper, we present a principled approach to address this problem. We introduce a lifted analogue of the propositional And/Or search space framework, which we call a lifted And/Or schematic. Given a schematic-based representation of an SRM, we show how to efficiently compute a tight upper bound on the time and space cost of exact inference from a current assignment and the remaining schematic. We show how our bounding method can be used within a lifted importance sampling algorithm, in order to perform effective Rao-Blackwellisation, and demonstrate experimentally that the Rao-Blackwellised version of the algorithm yields more accurate estimates on several real-world datasets.
Advanced Manufacturing Methods for Brazing High-Reliability Electronic Packages

Brazing is a critical process for producing reliable adhesion between package metallization and metal components such as heat sinks, seal rings, and connectors. Package performance for signal integrity, mechanical reliability, and thermal management not only relies on improved materials but also on manufacturing methods designed to leverage those improvements. High-reliability packaging for applications in medical, harsh environment or aerospace applications requires a thorough understanding of which fabrication processes to select, as well as fixturing and material preparation to meet increasing demands for low electrical losses at higher frequencies and higher thermal conductivity for high-power GaN and SiC device operation. In the present work, utilization of manufacturing design tools and methods for optimal brazing will be discussed.
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy: current perspectives

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the most common corneal dystrophy and frequently results in vision loss. Hallmarks of the disease include loss of corneal endothelial cells and formation of excrescences of Descemet's membrane. Later stages involve all layers of the cornea. Impairment of endothelial barrier and pump function and cell death from oxidative and unfolded protein stress contribute to disease progression. The genetic basis of FECD includes numerous genes and chromosomal loci, although alterations in the transcription factor 4 gene are associated with the majority of cases. Definitive treatment of FECD is corneal transplantation. In this paper, we highlight advances that have been made in understanding FECD's clinical features, pathophysiology, and genetics. We also discuss recent advances in endothelial keratoplasty and potential future treatments.
Latino Educational Leadership Across the Pipeline For Latino Communities and Latina/o Leaders

Educational leaders have challenges providing rich and equitable education for the Latino community, the fastest growing underserved demographic in the United States. Although the field of educational leadership draws connections to serve diverse populations, this work uses existing research and theory to establish the concept of Latino Educational Leadership. As a concept focused on serving Latino communities and the preparation of Latina/o leaders throughout the P-20 pipeline, the implication is to enhance research, policy, and practice for Latino communities.
Ka'apor Ritual Hunting

Several investigators cite population control, frequent settlement relocation, trekking, expansion of diet breadth, and food taboos as strategic responses to game depletion by indigenous populations living in interfluvial zones of lowland South America. The Ka'apor Indians of the interfluvial forest of northern Maranhao, Brazil, employ other means of optimizing hunting efficiency, partly based on ritual. Menstruating women, pubescent girls, and parents of newborns can consume meat only of the tortoise (Gochelone denticulata), the first prey species to be hunted out of an area. Tortoise capture requires, on average, one full day of hunting. This means that the full potential of hunting pressure does not materialize near the settlement. Meat productivity is unusually high even near old settlements. I argue that ritual tortoise hunting helps to regulate environmental utilization, to maintain a sustained yield of meat protein, and to expand the catchment area gradually.
Socially-Sensitive Interfaces: From Offline Studies to Interactive Experiences

Recent years have initiated a paradigm shift from pure taskbased human-machine interfaces towards socially-sensitive interaction. In addition to what users explicitly say or gesture at, socially-sensitive interfaces are able to sense more subtle human cues, such as head postures and movements, to infer psychological user states, such as attention and affect, and also to enrich system responses with social signals. However, most approaches focus on offline analysis of previously recorded data limiting the investigation to prototypical behaviors in laboratory-like settings. In my presentation, I will focus on challenges that arise when integrating social signal processing techniques into interactive systems designed for real-world applications. From a technical perspective, this requires effective tools able to synchronize, process, and analyze relevant signals in online mode. From a user perspective, appropriate strategies need to be defined to respond to social signals at the right moment in time without disturbing the flow of interaction. I will discuss two interaction styles for socially-sensitive interfaces. In the area of information retrieval, the concept of empathic stimulation has been used to optimize the selection and presentation of data. The basic idea is to exploit sensory data on the users' emotional state to provide them with cues that inspire their curiosity during the data exploration task. In the domain of social coaching, the concept of social augmentation has been employed to give people ambient feedback on their behavior while being engaged in a social interaction. The presentation will be illustrated by examples from various national and international projects following these two interaction styles.
SECONDARY BATTERIES | Super-Iron Batteries

Super-iron batteries are based on an unusual Fe(VI) redox couple and multiple electron cathodic charge storage. Such Fe(VI) cathodes can be ‘green’, cost effective, and store considerably higher charge than conventional cathode materials. For example, the Fe(VI) salt K2FeO4 is readily prepared, holds 406 mA g−1 through the three-electron reduction to Fe(III), and this ferric oxide discharge product is environmentally benign. Fe(VI) salts that have been synthesized and demonstrated as super-iron cathodes include a range of alkali and alkali earth Fe(VI) salts, as well as the transition metal Fe(VI) salt Ag2FeO4. Four classes of super-iron battery have been demonstrated: super-iron primary alkaline batteries, super-iron primary lithium batteries, super-iron rechargeable alkaline batteries, and super-iron rechargeable nonaqueous batteries. The alkaline batteries exhibit twofold higher capacity than conventional alkaline batteries, but have development challenges regarding storage of the cathode when in direct contact with the alkaline electrolyte. This has been addressed by coating the Fe(VI) cathode salts with an overlayer, such as zirconia, which is alkaline stable and shuttles hydroxide between Fe(VI) cathode and electrolyte. Thin-film Fe(VI/III) cathodes are rechargeable in both alkaline and nonaqueous electrolytes. Reversibility challenges arise for rechargeable Fe(VI)/metal hydride and Fe(VI)/Li batteries due to the decreasing conductivity of thicker cathodes.
How dominant coalition members’ values and perceptions impact their perceptions of public relations participation in organizational decision making

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the extent to which dominant coalition members’ values and perceptions influence their perceptions of public relations participation in organization-level decision making. Research in this area has largely focussed on the relationship between practitioner roles and decision-making inclusion. Design/methodology/approach – The population of interest was dominant coalition members of for-profit, government, and nonprofit organizations in the USA. Data were collected through a national survey to a nonrandom sample of 201 dominant coalition members. Findings – Results indicate that dominant coalition members’ values of organizational openness to the environment and perceived substantive autonomy of the organization positively predicted perceptions of public relations participation in organizational decision making. Perceived manager role potential of the public relations department also had significant predictive power. Originality/value – While research has...
Effect of High Resolution Winds on Wind-Wave Simulations in Arabian Gulf

Reliable knowledge of wave climate in a large water body such as in the Arabian Gulf for navigation, recreational, maintenance and installation of offshore-infrastructure (e.g. oil platforms) etc. is an important pre-requisite. Predicting waves in a region like Arabian Gulf, which is approximately 1000 km in length (north to south) and 550 km in width and shallower (average water depth is ∼35 m) requires a well-developed wave model that can account for the shallow water wave mechanisms like their generation, propagation and dissipation. Wave models like SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore), WAM (WAve Model) and WAVEWATCH are now routinely run in several parts of the world for predicting and forecasting the ocean waves. Among these, SWAN wave model has been found to be a better model for the shallower and coastal environments. The quality of wave hind-casts/forecasts made, largely depends on the quality of wind fields (speed and direction) that are feed into these models. For hind-cast, these wind fields can ...
Predicting the Emergence of Community Psychology and Community Development in 91 Countries with Brief Case Studies of Chile and Ghana

Using a mixed-method analysis, we propose and test a framework for predicting the international development of community psychology (CP) and community development (CD) as two examples of applied community-based research (CBR) disciplines aiming to link local knowledge generation with social change. Multiple regressions on an international sample of 91 countries were used to determine the relative influences of preexisting grassroots activism, population size, social and economic development, and civil liberties on estimates of the current strength of CP and CD based on Internet search and review of training courses and programs, published articles and journals, and professional organizations and conferences in these countries. Our results provide support for the proposed model and suggest that grassroots activism positively accounts for the development of CP and CD, above and beyond the influences of the other predictors. Brief qualitative case-study analyses of Chile (high CP, low CD) and Ghana (high CD, low CP) explore the limitations of our quantitative model and the importance of considering other historical, sociopolitical, cultural, and geographic factors for explaining the development of CP, CD, and other applied community studies.
Molecular Imaging of Cancer: Receptors, Angiogenesis, and Gene Expression

There is an increasing desire to understand molecular mechanisms that regulate cancer growth and metastasis. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be used for this purpose in research and clinical trials. An ever-growing number of PET tracers are now available to image biochemical alterations characteristic of the cancer cell or tumor-induced changes in the surrounding stroma. This chapter addresses angiogenesis, receptor expression, and gene imaging. Angiogenesis can be imaged using the compound 18F arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) peptide, which binds specifically to ανβ3 integrin receptors expressed at the surface of proliferating endothelial cells. A number of receptors are critical for cancer development and progression. Presence and functional activity of receptors can be studied with PET probes, among which FDHT and FES are in clinical trials for imaging of the androgen and estrogen receptors, respectively. Gene expression can be imaged, and this will be of increasing importance as part of future clinical trials with stem cells or modified T cells, allowing for cell tracking in the human body and visualization of the degree and location of expression of a therapeutic gene.
Be the data: A new approach for lmmersive analytics

In an era with exploding amounts of data, educating students about data analysis techniques becomes increasingly important. However, many students find it challenging to understand complex analytical methods and in turn have an unenthusiastic attitude about learning from them. This paper describes Be the Data, an immersive analytical approach for teaching abstract data analytical concepts, such as dimension reduction. In particular, we present the design and development of a novel system to engage students in exploring alternative 2D projections of high dimensional data. In our system, each student embodies a virtual data point visualized in a collocated physical space. The coordinates of students on the floor represent coordinates on a 2D projection of the high-dimensional data they embody. Students can explore alternative projections by physically moving themselves, and hence the corresponding data points, in the space. Students receive visual feedback about the data variables that would produce their projection. Therefore, students can pose hypotheses about the data and further explore and understand it. Our goal is to encourage and foster students' interest in data analysis by engaging them in an immersive experience.
Testing the convergent and discriminant validity of the Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change Initial scales

AbstractObjective: The Systemic Therapy Inventory of Change (STIC®) is the first multi-systemic and multi-dimensional measurement and feedback system designed for assessment in family, couple, and individual functioning. Patients fill out the STIC Initial before the first session to identify treatment targets and provide starting values for subsequent assessments of trajectories of change. This study tested the construct validity of five of the six STIC Initial scales. Methods: We administered both the STIC Initial and a set of validity measures to a relatively large sample of patients. Convergent and discriminant validity were tested using both an examination of observed correlations and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The correlations among the observed measures showed that the convergent validity coefficients were generally large, whereas the discriminant validity coefficients were moderate to small. Similarly, CFAs suggested that the STIC total scales and subscales are good indicators of ...
Direct conversion from skin fibroblasts to functional dopaminergic neurons for biomedical application

Recent progress in tissue engineering research led to the generation of different types of cells from a handful of skin tissue. Lineage reprogramming is a nascent field, which holds great potential to expand its use in regenerative medicine and disease modeling. The concept of somatic cell epigenetic stability has been fundamentally reshaped through the report of direct conversion of somatic identity to another lineage by introducing transcription factors. Here, we review recent advances in lineage reprogramming research, especially direct conversion into dopamine neurons from fibroblasts.
Uptake, tissue distribution, and toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Plastic pollution is a critical environmental concern and comprises the majority of anthropogenic debris in the ocean, including macro, micro, and likely nanoscale (less than 100nm in at least one dimension) plastic particles. While the toxicity of macroplastics and microplastics is relatively well studied, the toxicity of nanoplastics is largely uncharacterized. Here, fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) were used to investigate the potential toxicity of nanoplastics in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as to characterize the uptake and distribution of the particles within embryos and larvae. Zebrafish embryos at 6h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to PS NPs (0.1, 1, or 10ppm) until 120 hpf. Our results demonstrate that PS NPs accumulated in the yolk sac as early as 24 hpf and migrated to the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, heart, and brain throughout development (48-120 hpf). Accumulation of PS NPs decreased during the depuration phase (120-168 hpf) in all organs, but at a slower rate in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. Notably, exposure to PS NPs did not induce significant mortality, deformities, or changes to mitochondrial bioenergetics, but did decrease the heart rate. Lastly, exposure to PS NPs altered larval behavior as evidenced by swimming hypoactivity in exposed larvae. Taken together, these data suggest that at least some nanoplastics can penetrate the chorion of developing zebrafish, accumulate in the tissues, and affect physiology and behavior, potentially affecting organismal fitness in contaminated aquatic ecosystems.
Antimicrobial resistance among Helicobacter pylori isolates in Alaska, 2000-2016.

Abstract Objectives Alaska Natives experience a high burden of Helicobacter pylori infection and concomitant high rates of gastric cancer. Additionally, the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant H. pylori has been shown to be high in Alaska. In this study, antimicrobial resistance over time among sentinel surveillance isolates was evaluated and risk factors for carrying antimicrobial-resistant H. pylori were assessed. Methods Through Alaska’s H. pylori sentinel surveillance system, antral and fundal biopsies from Alaska Native patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy for clinical indications during 2000–2016 were collected and cultured. For positive cultures, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of metronidazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline and levofloxacin were determined. Results A total of 800 H. pylori isolates obtained from 763 patients were tested. Resistance to metronidazole was most common (342/800; 42.8%), followed clarithromycin (238/800; 29.8%), both clarithromycin and metronidazole (128/800; 16.0%) and levofloxacin (113/800; 14.1%). Low proportions of isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and tetracycline. Levofloxacin resistance increased between 2000 and 2016 (P Conclusion Between 2000 and 2016, a large percentage of H. pylori isolates received by the Alaska Sentinel Surveillance System demonstrated resistance to common antimicrobials. The surveillance system provides valuable information for clinicians to make informed treatment choices for patient with H. pylori.
The Jensen Hypothesis: Was It the White Perspective or White Racism?.

One of the major efforts in social research is the attempt to be as objective as possible. This search for the ideal always seems to be greatly weakened whenever a scholar writes about a topic that clearly involves, analyzes, questions, reinforces, or threatens the scholar's own ego, security, values, race, and other topics about which the scholar feels very strongly. Too often, the strong feelings that are held are unconscious, but the result is a definite selectivity about what is selected, stressed, and, more important, what is omitted. Now it is obvious that all scholarship, like most other endeavors, must involve selectivity and, furthermore, one's framework is also influenced to varying degrees by one's values.
Surveying the Epsilon Eridani system Using MagAO

The Epsilon Eridani system is a star system ~10 ly away predicted to be similar to our solar system, making it a particularly interesting target for exoplanet detection. A Jupiter-like exoplanet has been predicted at 1.88 arcsec using radial velocity techniques, and an outer debris disk has been imaged at 35 - 90 AU with Spitzer and CSO observations. We present a preliminary survey of the inner system using the MagAO instrument with the Magellan Clay telescope in Chile. We apply and evaluate the Karhunen-Loeve Image Projection technique, which estimates the point spread function (PSF) of the central star for high-contrast imaging using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We perform this analysis by adapting the pyKLIP package, which was developed for analyzing data from the Gemini Planet Imager instrument, to be used with data from the MagAO/VisAO instrument.
Hepatocyte transplantation for liver disease

There is a need for new therapies for support of liver function. Hepatocyte transplantation (Htx) has been used to support liver function in acute or chronic liver disease and as a “cellular therapy” for metabolic liver disease. Transplants in human patients mirror the results of animal studies and indicate that Htx increases survival of acute liver failure patients and partially or completely corrects metabolic liver disease. These promising results suggest that Htx could be an inexpensive and effective treatment for liver disease. Clinical programs are now established in at least 13 different centers in 9 different countries.
2012 Elections: Implications for Black Politics

Black voter turnout in the November 2012 elections was again strong, but most analysts have focused more on the impact of the Hispanic vote than on the black vote. This paper will take a look at the black vote in several key states and suggest implications for 2014 and 2016.
A new experimental method based on volume measurement for determining axial scaling during breakup of drops and liquid threads

Thread breakup is ubiquitous in drop formation. As liquid threads thin, monitoring the time variation of the thread’s minimum radius hmin and the axial extent of the pinching zone z′ can help decipher the balance of forces governing breakup. The variation of hmin with time from pinch-off, τ ≡ tb − t (t is time; tb is breakup time)—radial scaling—can be determined experimentally from images of drops forming from a nozzle. Thus, all previous experimental studies report radial scaling, viz., hmin ∼ τa (a is the radial scaling exponent). Determination of axial scaling or how z′ varies with τ, z′ ∼ τb (b is the axial scaling exponent), however, is not as straightforward and hence rarely reported. Experimental determination of axial scaling is made difficult because thinning threads can be long and slender, and hence data on time evolution of z′ can be noisy. Moreover, inference of z′ from experiments can be challenging in situations involving suspension drops containing non-Brownian particles where particles can partially protrude out of the interface. We present a new way of determining axial scaling by experimental measurement of the time variation of the volume of the pinching zone and inferring z′ from volume measurements. The accuracy of the new method is tested by new experiments in which the scalings are determined during dripping of Newtonian liquids and are shown to be in excellent accord with scaling predictions and transitions between different regimes predicted from theory and simulation.Thread breakup is ubiquitous in drop formation. As liquid threads thin, monitoring the time variation of the thread’s minimum radius hmin and the axial extent of the pinching zone z′ can help decipher the balance of forces governing breakup. The variation of hmin with time from pinch-off, τ ≡ tb − t (t is time; tb is breakup time)—radial scaling—can be determined experimentally from images of drops forming from a nozzle. Thus, all previous experimental studies report radial scaling, viz., hmin ∼ τa (a is the radial scaling exponent). Determination of axial scaling or how z′ varies with τ, z′ ∼ τb (b is the axial scaling exponent), however, is not as straightforward and hence rarely reported. Experimental determination of axial scaling is made difficult because thinning threads can be long and slender, and hence data on time evolution of z′ can be noisy. Moreover, inference of z′ from experiments can be challenging in situations involving suspension drops containing non-Brownian particles where particles c...
Dose-dense temozolomide for recurrent high-grade gliomas: a single-center retrospective study.

There are limited treatment modalities after high-grade gliomas recurrence. MGMT depletion modulated by dose-dense temozolomide (ddTMZ) remains a debated therapy for initial TMZ responders. Patients were selected retrospectively from our practice with diagnosis of high-grade gliomas (WHO grade III or IV), and were followed since the start of ddTMZ until death or change of therapy. Twenty-one patients were reviewed, with a median age of 47 (25–61) years and a median of 5.8 (1.5–38.8) cycles of ddTMZ. The majority were males (71.4%). Sixty-six percent received 21 on/28 off ddTMZ schedule, 28.6% daily, and 1 patient received a 7 days on/7 days off schedule. IDH mutation status was available for 18 (85.7%) patients, with 7 (33.3%) IDH mutant and 11 (52.5%) IDH wild type. MGMT methylation was assessed in 6 (28.6%) of the patients, being MGMT methylated in 3 (14.3%) patients, and non-methylated in 3 (14.3%) patients. The majority of patients (57.1%) were receiving ddTMZ in addition to other forms of therapy, including either bevacizumab (38.1%) or tumor-treating fields (TTFields) (19.1%). Overall ddTMZ was well tolerated, with few adverse events reported. The estimated median overall survival after ddTMZ start was 11 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6 months. Outcomes did not vary between patients receiving ddTMZ alone or those using TTFields or bevacizumab as concomitant therapy, but there was a trend to longer survival with the use of concomitant TTFields. Our results demonstrate benefit of ddTMZ after previous treatment with standard TMZ dosing with no apparent increase in treatment-related toxicities. In summary, ddTMZ should be considered in TMZ responsive patients and warrants further investigation.
Development and Validation of Objective and Quantitative Eye Tracking-Based Measures of Autism Risk and Symptom Levels.

Objective The primary aim of this study was to develop and validate eye tracking−based measures for estimating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk and quantifying autism symptom levels. Method Eye tracking data were collected from youth during an initial evaluation visit, with administrators blinded to all clinical information. Consensus diagnoses were given by the multidisciplinary team. Participants viewed a 5-minute video that included 44 dynamic stimuli from 7 distinct paradigms while gaze was recorded. Gaze metrics were computed for temporally defined regions of interest. Autism risk and symptom indices aggregated gaze measures showing significant bivariate relationships with ASD diagnosis and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) symptom severity levels in a training sample (75%, n = 150). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and nonparametric correlations were used to cross-validate findings in a test sample (25%; n = 51). Results Most children (n = 201, 92%) completed a valid eye tracking assessment (ages 1.6─17.6; 80% male; ASD n = 91, non-ASD n = 110). In the test subsample, the autism risk index had high accuracy for ASD diagnosis (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.86, 95% CI =0.75−0.95), whereas the autism symptom index was strongly associated with ADOS-2 total severity scores (r = 0.41, p .001). Conclusion Eye tracking measures appear to be useful quantitative, objective measures of ASD risk and autism symptom levels. If independently replicated and scaled for clinical use, eye tracking−based measures could be used to inform clinical judgment regarding ASD identification and to track autism symptom levels.
The Preservation of Comparative Statics under Uncertainty

Comparative statics under uncertainty often differ dramatically from comparative statics under certainty. Under certainty, fixed costs that are sunk don’t affect supply. Sandmo (1971), however, showed that, if a finn fazes price uncertainty and is risk averse, then changes in fixed costs can affect its supply. Under certainty, input demands slope downward in own prices. Batra and Ullah (1974) however, showed that, if the finn faces price uncertainty and is risk averse, input demands might slope upward. Under certainty, either increasing the rate of return of an asset or decreasing its price trivially never decreases its demand (when other assets are present). Fishburn and Porter (1976) showed that increasing the rate of return of a safe asset in the presence of other risky assets might lead to lower demand for the safe asset, whereas Cheng, Magill and Shafer (1987) showed that increasing the price of a risky asset could raise its demand. In each case, the comparative statics result is preserved if the agent is assumed risk neutral, or if restrictions are imposed upon risk preferences.
Preoperative Grades of Osteoarthritis and Meniscus Volume Correlate with Clinical Outcomes of Osteochondral Graft Treatment for Cartilage Defects in the Knee

ObjectiveTo identify preoperative imaging-based indicators of knee degeneration that correlate with graft failure risk and postoperative clinical outcome scores after osteochondral graft treatment ...
Sequential estimation of quantiles with applications to A/B-testing and best-arm identification

We propose confidence sequences -- sequences of confidence intervals which are valid uniformly over time -- for quantiles of any distribution over a complete, fully-ordered set, based on a stream of i.i.d. observations. We give methods both for tracking a fixed quantile and for tracking all quantiles simultaneously. Specifically, we provide explicit expressions with small constants for intervals whose widths shrink at the fastest possible $\sqrt{t^{-1} \log\log t}$ rate, along with a non-asymptotic concentration inequality for the empirical distribution function which holds uniformly over time with the same rate. The latter strengthens Smirnov's empirical process law of the iterated logarithm and extends the Dvoretzky-Kiefer-Wolfowitz inequality to hold uniformly over time. We give a new algorithm and sample complexity bound for selecting an arm with an approximately best quantile in a multi-armed bandit framework. In simulations, our method requires fewer samples than existing methods by a factor of five to fifty.
Renal Replacement Therapy

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common occurrence in the pediatric intensive care unit, with a shift in the last two decades to the majority of etiologies being an outcome of other primary illnesses and the treatments given for these diseases rather than primary intrinsic renal disease. It should be treated with renal supportive measures which include close monitoring, avoiding secondary injury, supportive measures to remove excess total body fluid and/or toxic wastes, and may require dialysis with expectation of renal recovery with adequate support. Renal supportive therapies (RST) should be initiated at the earliest signs of AKI.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in liquid egg white by pulsed UV light and its effects on quality

This study evaluated the pulsed UV light treatment for the inactivation of Escherichia coli K12 and Salmonella Enteritidis in liquid egg white. Three parameters (treatment time, volume of liquid egg white, and distance from the sample to the pulse UV strobe) have been optimized for log reductions of microorganisms using response surface methodology. The maximum log reductions obtained after 40 s of treatment time at a 5 cm of distance (the energy dose equals 45.6 J/cm²) were 1.28 log CFU/ml of E. coli K12 and 1.98 log CFU/ml of S. Enteritidis in 5 ml of fresh liquid egg white. A significant temperature increase of the egg white sample (from 24 to 70°C) was observed at the extreme treatment condition (5 cm, 40 s). Quality evaluations indicate that pulsed UV light does not change foaming ability or foam stability of liquid egg white. However, the changes in pH, lipid oxidation, turbidity, and color of the egg white were correlated with the intensity of the treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Heat pasteurization is currently being used to decontaminate liquid egg white. However, alternative methods are desired to improve decontamination as well as maintain the quality of liquid egg white. This study demonstrated the potential of pulsed UV light for the inactivation of pathogens in liquid egg white.
Dual-dynamic interpenetrated networks tuned through macromolecular architecture

Recent progress on stretchable, tough dual-dynamic polymer single networks (SN) and interpenetrated networks (IPN) has broadened the potential applications of dynamic polymers. However, the impact of macromolecular structure on the material mechanics remains poorly understood. Here, rapidly exchanging hydrogen bonds and thermoresponsive Diels–Alder bonds were included into molecularly engineered interpenetrated network materials. RAFT polymerization was used to make well-defined polymers with control over macromolecular architecture. The IPN materials were assessed by gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing and rheology. The mechanical properties of these IPN materials can be tuned by varying the crosslinker content and chain length. All materials are elastic and have dynamic behavior at both ambient temperature and elevated temperature (90 °C), owing to the presence of the dual dynamic noncovalent and covalent bonds. 100% self-healing recovery was achieved and a maximum stress level of up to 6 MPa was obtained. The data suggested the material's healing properties are inversely proportional to the content of the crosslinker or the degree of polymerization at both room and elevated temperature. The thermoresponsive crosslinker restricted deformation to some extent in an ambient environment but gave excellent malleability upon heating. The underlying mechanism was explored by the computational simulations. Furthermore, a single network material with the same crosslinker content and degree of polymerization as the IPN was made. The SN was substantially weaker than the comparable IPN material.
Simultaneous Radar-Communication Systems Using Controlled Chaos-Based Frequency Modulated Waveforms

With the increase in demand for spectral resources and bandwidth constraints, efficient solutions for the coexistence of radar and communication systems are needed. Simultaneously, the development of multifunctional radio frequency (RF) systems with less hardware have received considerable attention. Most previous work on coexistence has focused on hardware design and mitigation of interference between radar and communication systems. This work proposes, a novel method for controlling a chaotic trajectory, which allows for the coexistence of both radar and communication systems. Binary information can be encoded in a chaotic state by adjusting its trajectory. In this approach, a state variable is selected to control the trajectory and generate a controlled chaos-based frequency modulated (CCBFM) waveform for joint radar-communication system signal transmission. We also design a communication receiver to decode the information and a radar receiver that extracts the signature of the target are designed accordingly. The performance of the controlled chaotic communication system is assessed in terms of the bit error ratio (BER). The analysis of the communication system shows that the CCBFM receiver performs reasonably well compared to a half-sine pulse frequency modulated (HSPFM) receiver. Analysis of the radar system performance is assessed using the entropy of the target’s signature. The use of a CCBFM waveform leads to accurate target detection and classification for a signal-to-noise ratio as low as −30 dB. These analyses demonstrate that a CCBFM waveform can be successfully used for joint radar-communication systems in a shared spectrum.
Personalized Learning Within Online Workforce Learning Environments: Exploring Implementations, Obstacles, Opportunities, and Perspectives of Workforce Leaders

High attrition rates in online workforce training and development programs suggest that practitioners continue to struggle to develop relevant learner-centric experiences for their workforce. One strategy to increase learner engagement and make training more relevant is through personalizing learning. While there are several efforts to understand personalized learning within K-12 and higher education contexts, there are few published studies that focus on the use of personalized learning within workforce education. In this qualitative study, leaders in training and development (N = 10) were interviewed to uncover (a) the current operating definition of personalized learning, (b) whether or not personalized learning initiatives are occurring within the workplace setting, and (c) what obstacles exist in implementing personalized learning as well as (d) what opportunities for personalized learning exist from an organizational standpoint. Design and implementation considerations for future programs, resources, or tools that incorporate personalized learning as a learning strategy in online workforce training and development are discussed.
Applications of Deep Learning in Drug Discovery

Armed with advances in computational resources and high data throughput, artificial intelligence techniques have achieved remarkable success in diverse application areas in past decade. In recent years the field of pharmaceutical drug discovery has seen upsurge of deep learning applications that go beyond bioactivity predictive models and aid in various facets of drug discovery process. One of the biggest strengths of deep neural networks is their ability to learn from complex nonlinear data without explicit need for handpicking the features. This chapter aims to provide an overview of deep learning methods and their applications in the drug design field. The chapter begins by introducing concepts of machine learning, artificial neural network, and deep learning. Advances in deep neural architecture are discussed with examples of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), variational autoencoders (VAEs), and generative adversarial networks (GANs). Application examples of these architectures such as RNN-based variational autoencoders for de novo molecular design, natural language processing, use of adversarial network in GANs for obtaining valid molecular designs, bioactivity prediction, and image-based profiling of bioassays using CNNs are reviewed to bring out variety of drug design challenges being addressed using deep learning techniques.
Post-operative HSV-2 Encephalitis Following Temporal Lobe Resection for Glioblastoma Multiforme (P4.9-039)

Objective: NA Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common form of viral encephalitis, mostly caused by HSV-1 in adult populations. Encephalitis due to HSV-2, and Herpesvirus infections in the post-operative setting in general, are uncommon. Design/Methods: NA Results: A 59 year-old-male with history of prior resection and chemoradiation for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) underwent an uncomplicated right temporal resection for recurrent disease. He subsequently presented with dysarthria, left sided weakness, alteration of consciousness and focal-onset seizures 13 days post-operatively. Diagnostic evaluation identified white blood cell elevation in his cerebrospinal fluid (12/μL; 92% monocytes, 7% lymphocytes), elevated red cell count (40/μL), elevated protein (>600 mg/dL) and detection of HSV-2 via PCR testing; other diagnostic tests, including CSF bacterial cultures, were negative. His past medical history was significant for previous herpes labialis but not genital herpes. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated restricted diffusion and increased FLAIR signal within right temporal and frontoparietal lobes with associated enhancement. He was treated with acyclovir 10 mg/kg every eight hours, and he required multiple anesthetic agents to control his seizures. Given his overall prognosis in the setting of recurrent GBM and a prolonged period of recovery expected following super-refractory status epilepticus, his family elected to transition to comfort care two weeks following hospital admission. Conclusions: While uncommon, HSV reactivation should be considered, in addition to bacterial causes of infection, in patients that present with symptoms of intracranial infection in the post-neurosurgical setting. Disclosure: Dr. Mingbunjerdsuk has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sharma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Husmann has nothing to disclose. Dr. Braksick has nothing to disclose.
Spending in Retirement

Retirement savings adequacy estimates are often based on the assumption that individuals spend the same amount every year in retirement, and that the withdrawal rate to fund spending is based on spending down a percentage of retirement savings. We simulate safe consumption rates and compare the amount that wealthy retirees are spending to the amount they could safely spend given different asset return assumptions and investment portfolio allocations. Retirees in the top quintile of financial wealth are spending nowhere near an amount that would place them in danger of running out of money. In fact, the average financial assets of wealthy retirees increased during this time period and most retirees spent less than their income. Setting aside 40% of financial assets to cover uncertain longevity, medical costs, and bequests still results in a consumption gap as high as 47.3.% among higher-wealth retirees.
Gutterballs and rolling down the tubes

10.1119/10.0003796.1A ball placed inside a hollow cylinder and spun around an axis perpendicular to the cylinder wall will roll back and forth along the cylinder wall, as expected, but it will also oscillate along the axial direction of the cylinder. These axial oscillations occur in horizontal, tilted, and even vertical cylinders. Here, the equations of motion for this setup are derived and discussed, and experimental results are presented along with a discussion of the observed energy losses.
Adverbialism, the many-property problem, and inference: reply to Grzankowski

A serious problem for adverbialism about intentionality is the many-property problem, one major aspect of which is the claim that natural inferences between thought contents are blocked if adverbia...
Pests of Florida hops: preliminary observations

Surveys of arthropods associated with hops at the University of Florida’s Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, Florida, USA, from 2016 to 2020 reveal that spider mites are the primary pest of the crop. Lepidoptera and lace bugs also were observed causing occasional damage to the crop. Whiteflies and thrips have been observed on the crop in low numbers. The tall (5.5 m) canopy of the hops trellis creates a challenge to applying insecticides with adequate coverage. Sampling data indicate that spider mite densities tend to be higher in the upper canopy than at ground level. Efforts to control spider mites with releases of the commercially available predator Phytoseiulus persimilis showed promise. Naturally occurring spider mite predators observed on hops at Gulf Coast Research and Education Center include Stethorus sp., Neoseiulus sp., Orius sp., and trash bugs. Sumario Los sondeos de artropodos asociados con el lupulo en el Centro de Educacion e Investigacion de la Costa del Golfo de la Universidad de Florida, Wimauma, Florida, EE. UU., desde el 2016 hasta el 2020, revelan que las araňas rojas son la plaga principal del cultivo. Tambien, se observaron lepidopteros y chinches que causan danos ocasionales al cultivo. Se han observado pequenas cantidades de moscas blancas y trips en el cultivo. El dosel alto (5,5 m) del enrejado del lupulo crea un desafio para una aplicacion de insecticidas con la cobertura adecuada. Los datos de muestreo indican que las densidades de araňas rojas tienden a ser mas altas en el dosel superior que a nivel del suelo. Los esfuerzos para controlar las aranas rojas con la liberacion del depredador comercial Phytoseiulus persimilis se mostraron prometedores. Los depredadores de las aranas rojas observados que ocurren naturalmente sobre el lupulo en el Centro de Educacion e Investigacion de la Costa del Golfo incluyen Stethorus sp., Neoseiulus sp., Orius sp., y crisopidos. Key Words: Humulus lupulus; spider mites; Phytoseiulus persimilis View this article in BioOne
VSV-EBOV Induces Temporal and Dose-Dependent Transcriptional Responses in Non-human Primates

Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV), the causative agent of Ebola virus disease (EVD), is a member of the filoviridae family. EVD is characterized by innate and adaptive immune dysregulation that leads to excessive inflammation, coagulopathy, lymphopenia, and multi-organ failure. Recurrent outbreaks of EBOV emphasize the critical need for effective and deployable anti-EBOV vaccines. The FDA-approved VSV-EBOV vaccine protects nonhuman primates (NHPs) and humans from EBOV when given at a 10-20 million PFU dose. We recently demonstrated that a dose as small as 10 PFU protected NHPs from lethal EBOV infection. Furthermore, 1 PFU of VSV-EBOV protected 75% of vaccinated NHPs. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptional analysis of the whole blood transcriptome in NHPs vaccinated with doses of VSV-EBOV associated with complete protection (10M PFU), protection with mild EVD (10 PFU) and break-through protection (1 PFU) before and after challenge with a lethal dose of EBOV Makona. Transcriptional findings demonstrated that, regardless of dose, vaccination significantly attenuated the upregulation of genes associated with fatal EVD. Genes involved in T and B cell activation were more highly expressed in groups receiving 10 or 10M PFU than in 1 PFU-vaccinated animals. Furthermore, the singular vaccinated (1 PFU) nonsurvivor exhibited a transcriptional signature distinct from both surviving vaccinated animals and controls that received an irrelevant vaccine. These findings provide additional insight into mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection and informing public policy on vaccine distribution during outbreaks.
Effective Control of a Six Degree of Freedom Shake Table

Real-Time Hybrid Substructuring (RTHS) is a new method of vibration testing that can be used to effectively characterize the system level performance of mechanical equipment. RTHS allows mechanical equipment to be physically tested while coupled through what is called a transfer system to a real-time numerical simulation of the support structure. The challenge in applying RTHS to test mechanical equipment is twofold: the equipment itself can have little inherent damping which, coupled with the inherent dynamics in the transfer system, can result in unstable RTHS tests; and the interface at the attachment points can be complex with multi-directional and rotational motion and reactions which adds significant complexity to the RTHS transfer system. To insure stability and accurately represent the complex interface between the physical and numerical substructures, a high fidelity multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) servo-hydraulic actuator system is needed for the RTHS transfer system. This paper presents a methodology to achieve effective control of a six degree-of-freedom (6DOF) shake table and describes the corresponding MIMO system identification and model-based feedforward feedback compensation to facilitate both stable and accurate RTHS testing of lightly damped mechanical systems. Results show that the proposed compensation method can improve the magnitude and phase tracking of a 6DOF shake table located at the University of Connecticut.