cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatric versus adult magnetic resonance imaging patterns in acute high ankle sprains

There is a paucity of literature describing MRI patterns of high ankle sprains in pediatric patients. Radiologists should understand MRI patterns of these injuries in both adults and children. To describe normal MRI appearance of pediatric syndesmotic ligaments and compare MRI patterns of high ankle sprains in children versus adults. We reviewed consecutive ankle MRIs performed over 3 years and divided them into three cohorts: a normal pediatric (≤16 years) cohort, and pediatric and adult cohorts with acute/subacute ankle syndesmosis injuries. Our retrospective review assessed interobserver agreement (Cohen kappa coefficient) and normal pediatric syndesmotic anatomy. We compared patterns of high ankle sprains (Fisher exact test) including ligament tears, periosteal stripping, avulsions and fractures. Of the 582 ankle MRIs, we included 25 in the normal pediatric cohort, 20 in the pediatric injury cohort and 23 in the adult injury cohort. The anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments all attached to cortex or cartilaginous precursor, while the interosseous ligament/membrane complex attached to the fibrous periosteum in 22/25 (88%) normal pediatric cases. Tibial periosteal stripping at the interosseous ligament/membrane complex attachment occurred in 7/20 (35%) pediatric and 1/23 (4%) adult injury cases (P=0.02). No other statistically significant differences were found. Interobserver agreement ranged from kappa=0.46 to kappa=0.82 (ligament tears), 0.38 to 0.45 (avulsions) and 0.69 to 0.77 (periosteal stripping). The normal interosseous ligament/membrane complex typically attaches to fibrous periosteum rather than bony cortex. Tibial periosteal stripping, usually without tibial fracture, is significantly more common among pediatric high ankle sprains. MRI patterns of high ankle sprains are otherwise not significantly different between children and adults.
Common cardiac medications potently inhibit ACE2 binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike, and block virus penetration into human lung cells

To initiate SARS-CoV-2 infection, the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) on the viral spike protein must first bind to the host receptor ACE2 protein on pulmonary and other ACE2-expressing cells. We hypothesized that cardiac glycoside drugs might block the binding reaction between ACE2 and the Spike (S) protein, and thus block viral penetration into target cells. To test this hypothesis we developed a biochemical assay for ACE2:Spike binding, and tested cardiac glycosides as inhibitors of binding. Here we report that ouabain, digitoxin, and digoxin are high-affinity competitive inhibitors of ACE2 binding to the Wuhan S1 and the European [E614G] S1 proteins. These drugs also inhibit ACE2 binding to the Wuhan RBD, as well as to RBD proteins containing the S. Africa [E484K], Mink [Y453F] and UK [N501Y] mutations. As hypothesized, we also found that ouabain and digitoxin blocked penetration by SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped virus into human lung cells. These data indicate that cardiac glycosides may block viral penetration into the target cell by first inhibiting ACE2:Spike binding. Clinical concentrations of ouabain and digitoxin are relatively safe for short term use for subjects with normal hearts. It has therefore not escaped our attention that these common cardiac medications could be deployed worldwide as inexpensive repurposed drugs for anti-COVID-19 therapy.
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence and Prenatal Alcohol Use among Women Who Are Pregnant with HIV in South Africa.

This brief report emphasizes the need to focus on women with HIV who are pregnant who use alcohol or other drugs. A recently completed implementation science study tested a gender-focused behavioral intervention, the Women’s Health CoOp (WHC), to improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and reduce alcohol use among women with HIV. The study identified 33 participants who had a positive pregnancy test result at the baseline assessment, of whom five participants remained pregnant during the 6-month duration of the study. Of the 33 pregnant participants at the baseline assessment, 55% reported past-month alcohol use, with 27% reporting a history of physical abuse and 12% reporting a history of sexual abuse. The five women who remained pregnant at 6 months showed improved ART adherence and reduced prenatal alcohol use. The gender-focused WHC intervention shows promise as a cost-effective, sustainable, behavioral intervention to address these intersecting syndemic issues. Future research should focus on identifying the needs of women with HIV who are pregnant who use alcohol or other drugs and developing tailored evidence-based behavioral interventions such as the WHC for preventing FASD in addition to improving ART adherence in this key population of women and reducing the economic burden on society.
Infrared Spectroscopy, Ex Vivo Tissue Analysis by

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy provides information relating to the vibration of covalent bonds within molecules. The wavelength of light absorbed by a vibrating bond depends upon the atoms in the bond, the type of bond, the type of vibration and inter- and intramolecular interactions. For complex samples such as human tissues an IR spectrum therefore provides a direct indication of sample biochemistry. With the correct choice of sampling methodology (usually an IR microscope) information on the biochemical nature of disease states can be obtained from tissue samples, which can often be useful diagnostically. Variations in spectral signatures arising from nucleic acids, proteins and lipids can provide important information in a number of disease states, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), breast cancer and skin cancer. The information obtained by IR spectroscopy is difficult to obtain with many other instrumental techniques. For example the signal-to-noise ratio obtained by IR microscopy is far superior to that seen with Raman methods, allowing more sophisticated data processing and so more information to be extracted. Furthermore, many species of interest cannot be studied in situ with other techniques. Nucleic acids are a case in point. Powerful techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy provide no information concerning this material, while Raman techniques only provide information relating to individual nucleotides. In contrast, DNA and RNA give rise to IR signatures that provide information relating to nucleic acid content/structure. To appreciate fully the information contained in the complex spectra obtained from human tissues and cells, a unique combination of expertise in spectroscopy, biochemistry and anatomy/histology is required. This combination allows the investigator to avoid potential artefacts due to incorrect sampling and spatial variations in sample composition and to attribute the major absorptions present in spectra to individual biochemical species. However, spectral interpretation is often a highly subjective process, a fact that is made worse when one considers that many thousands of spectra are often acquired from a single tissue section. The application of pattern recognition techniques to IR data removes this subjectivity and allows realistic processing of these large data sets. In addition, many new methods are being developed which allow presentation of these complex data sets in a form readily interpreted by the nonexpert.
Transdermal drug delivery by jet injectors: energetics of jet formation and penetration.

Purpose. Pressure-driven jets have been used for intradermal delivery of a variety of drugs. Despite their introduction into clinical medicine, variability and occasional bruising have limited their widespread acceptance. Although numerous clinical studies of jet injectors have been reported in the literature, surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms of jet penetration into the skin. In this article, we report results of our studies aimed at determining the dependence of drug delivery on jet velocity and diameter. These studies were performed using two experimental models, porcine skin and human skin. Our rationale for using two models was to explore the possibility of using porcine skin as a model for human skin.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATP: Labeling of a putative Mg2+ site by reaction with a carbodiimide and a spin-label

Abstract The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase loses hydrolytic activity and the ability to be phosphorylated by P i following incubation with EDC [1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide]. 4 nmol of tempamine per mg SR protein can be coupled to either a glu or an asp side chain through the EDC reaction. Mg 2+ protects against loss of activity and tempamine labeling with a mid-point of about 3 mM in the absence of Ca 2+ . This is similar to the K d for a Mg 2+ that serves as a cofactor in enzyme phosphorylation. The Mg 2+ protection constant is lowered by an order of magnitude when Ca 2+ is bound to the transport sites. It is suggested that control of the Mg 2+ binding site affinity may be part of the mechanism of enzyme activation by Ca 2+ .
Alternative Models of Stock Prices Dynamics

The purpose of this paper is to shed further light on the tensions that exist between the empirical fit of stochastic volatility (SV) models and their linkage to option pricing. A number of recent papers have investigated several specifications of one-factor SV diffusion models associated with option pricing models. The empirical failure of one-factor affine, Constant Elasticity of Variance (CEV), and one-factor log-linear SV models leaves us with two strategies to explore: (1) add a jump component to better fit the tail behavior or (2) add an additional (continuous path) factor where one factor controls the persistence in volatility and the second determines the tail behavior. Both have been partially pursued and our paper embarks on a more comprehensive examination which yields some rather surprising results. Adding a jump component to the basic Heston affine model is known to be a successful strategy as demonstrated by Andersen et al. (1999), Eraker et al. (1999), Chernov et al. (1999), and Pan (1999). Unfortunately, the presence of a jump component introduces quite a few unpleasant econometric issues. In addition, several financial issues, like hedging and risk factors become more complex. In this paper we show that a two-factor log-linear SV diffusion model (without jumps) appears to yield a remarkably good empirical fit. We estimate the model via the EMM procedure of Gallant and Tauchen (1996) which allows us to compare the non-nested log-linear SV diffusion with the affine jump specification. Obviously, there is one drawback to the log-linear SV models when it comes to pricing derivatives since no closed-form solutions are available. Against this cost weights the advantage of avoiding all the complexities involved with jump processes.
Fraud on a Noisy Market

Behavioral finance raises questions about market efficiency, suggesting that noise, and not just information, moves securities prices. This creates a conundrum for the fraud on the market theory. While some fraud remedy is arguably necessary to ensure adequate disclosure, behavioral finance raises doubt about the efficiency of fraud remedies in noisy markets. These issues are particularly important in the wake of the Supreme Court's opinion in Dura v. Broudo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which tightens proof of loss causation in fraud on the market cases and creates uncertainty about the future of the fraud on the market theory. This paper argues for interpreting Dura to sharply constrain the fraud on the market theory. It also proposes dealing with the need to deter fraud by allowing state courts and legislatures to supplement federal liability. More broadly, this paper suggests that, contrary to the assertions of many of its proponents, the indeterminacy of behavioral economics generally, and behavioral finance in particular, may support reducing rather than increasing legal paternalism.
Differential uptake of recent Papanicolaou testing by HPV vaccination status among young women in the United States, 2008–2013

Abstract Background A positive association between recent Papanicolaou (Pap) test uptake and initiation of HPV vaccination among U.S. women has been reported. However, it is unknown whether recent Pap testing by HPV vaccination status varies by race/ethnicity. Discerning racial/ethnic variations is important given the higher prevalence of HPV types other than 16 and 18 in some racial/ethnic groups. We assessed whether uptake of recent Pap testing differed among women aged 21–30 years who had not initiated the HPV vaccination series versus those who had and whether this pattern differed by sociodemographic factors. Methods 2008, 2010, and 2013 National Health Interview Survey data were used to generate weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) ( n =7095). Adjusted predicted marginal models were used to generate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) to assess the relationship between recent Pap test uptake and HPV vaccination series initiation by race/ethnicity. Results The uptake of recent Pap testing among those who had not initiated the HPV vaccination series was significantly lower (81.0%) compared to those who had initiated vaccination (90.5%) (aPR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.90–0.96). This finding was consistent across most sociodemographic factors, though not statistically significant for Blacks, Hispanics, those with lower levels of education, or those with higher levels of income. Conclusion Young women who had not initiated HPV vaccination were less likely to have had a recent Pap test compared to women who had initiated vaccination. Concerted efforts are needed to increase uptake of recommended cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination among young women.
p53, p63 and p73--solos, alliances and feuds among family members.

Abstract p53 controls crucial stress responses that play a major role in preventing malignant transformation. Hence, inactivation of p53 is the single most common genetic defect in human cancer. With the recent discovery of two close structural homologs, p63 en p73, we are getting a broader view of a fascinating gene family that links developmental biology with tumor biology. While unique roles are apparent for each of these genes, intimate biochemical cross-talk among family members suggests a functional network that might influence many different aspects of individual gene action. The most interesting part of this family network derives from the fact that the p63 and p73 genes are based on the ‘two-genes-in-one’ idea, encoding both agonist and antagonist in the same open reading frame. In this review, we attempt to present an overview of the current status of this fast moving field.
The surface enhanced raman spectrum from pyridine on mercury

Abstract A SERS spectrum of 0.05 M pyridine in 0.l M KCl has been observed on a Hg electrode. The bands have been assigned to molecular vibrations of pyridine and to a Hg-N stretch of a Hg adatom-pyridine complex.
Vocabulary Instruction in Ratio and Proportion for Seventh Graders.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether seventh graders' achievement in a unit on ratio and proportion was facilitated by vocabulary-oriented instruction. One hundred eleven students in three experimental classes completed some vocabulary-oriented activities daily for 4 weeks; 102 students in three control classes received similar instruction with no vocabulary-oriented activities. On an examination at the end of the unit, the mean score for students in the experimental classes was significantly higher than for students in the control classes on a set of computational items and a set of verbal items. The vocabulary-oriented activities appeared to enhance achievement by improving students' comprehension.
Sulfated glycoprotein-2 is increased in rat hippocampus following entorhinal cortex lesioning.

Abstract Thios study showed responses of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) in the rat hippocampus after deafferenting lesion. SGP-2 is a plasma protein that also occurs in many peripheral tissues. In some circumtances, elevations of SGP-2 mRNA are associated with cell degeneration and responses to injury. This study used entorhinal cortex lesions (ECL) to partially deafferent the hippocampus by damaging the perforant path and to induce synaptic remodeling. SGP-2 mRNA is increased in hippocampal astrocytes after ECL. Western blot analysis of soluble hippocampal proteins identified 3 major forms of rat SGP-2 protein: a precursor (61 kDa) and 2 reduced subunits at 39.5 and 35 kDa. These forms increased at 4 days post ECL ipsilaterally to the lesion. By immunocytochemistry (ICC), SGP-2 showed an increased immunoreactivity on the lesioned side by 2 days post ECL that continued trhough 14 days post ECL. Besides immunopositive astrocytes, punctate immunochemical reactiond products occurred among the degenerating fibers of the perforant path. We conclude that changes of SGP-2 protein in the hippocampus after ECL occur roughly in parallel with increases of SGP-2 mRNA. The punctate immuno-deposits could represent secreted SGP-2 and may be useful as a marker for degenerating pathways.
Effect of calcium ions on ecdysteroid secretion by testes of Heliothis virescens

Abstract 1. 1. Testes of Heliothis virescens synthesized ecdysteroid in media containing low titers of calcium; the optimum calcium titer for testis sheaths stimulated to synthesize ecdysteroid in vivo was ca 1 mM, while the optimum of testes stimulated in vitro with the peptide testis ecdysiotropin was ca 0.3 mM calcium. 2. 2. Verapamil at concentrations lower than 10−3 M induced increases in ecdysteroid synthesis, indicating more efficient synthesis when calcium influx was inhibited. 3. 3. Hemolymph of H. virescens was 7 mM in calcium, while whole testes were maintained at 1–2 μM calcium.
15N Chemical Shift Tensors in Nucleic Acid Bases

This paper presents measurements of the principal values of the 15N chemical shift tensors in adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The assignment of the solid-state NMR resonances was done using the liquid values in the corresponding nuclesides and the results of quantum mechanical calculations of the 15N tensors. The calculations were also used to assign the orientation of the principal axes of the tensors and to evaluate the effect of intermolecular interactions on the 15N chemical shift tensors of the nucleic acid bases. The results indicate that calculations including intermolecular interactions produce results in better agreement with the experimental values than those in which these interactions are neglected.
Dependency of arterial compliance on circulating neuroendocrine and metabol factors in normal subjects

Abstract Reduced arterial compliance is now recognized as a feature of hypertension. Similarly, metabolic factors such as insulin, catecholamines and lipids are also associated with hypertension. This study explores the possibility that these neuroendocrine and metabolic factors may separately influence arterial compliance. Proximal compliance (aorta and large arteries) and distal compliance (small arteries and arterioles) were measured in 57 volunteers (30 hypertensive and 27 normotensive subjects, mean age 45 years). Compliance was quantified by analysis of arterial pulse wave contours obtained intraarterially together with hemodynamic estimates. Proximal compliance correlated with plasma insulin (r = −0.49; p
Declining incidence of neonatal endophthalmitis in the United States.

Purpose To determine the incidence of neonatal endogenous endophthalmitis in the United States between 1998 and 2006 and to identify associated risk factors. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, a 20% representative sample of all hospital discharges in the United States, to help refine our understanding of this condition. International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition, codes for endophthalmitis, sepsis, and suspected endophthalmitis risk factors in hospitalized infants and neonates were searched in the database and were tracked over time. The main outcome measure was incidence of neonatal endophthalmitis over the study period. Results Of 3.64 million live births in 1998, 317 newborns were identified with endophthalmitis (8.71 cases per 100 000 live births). Of 4.14 million live births in 2006, only 183 newborns were identified with endophthalmitis (4.42 cases per 100 000 live births) by comparison. The incidence of endophthalmitis decreased at a rate of 6% per year ( P = .01130) between 1998 and 2006. Neonates with endophthalmitis were more likely to have systemic bacteremia (odds ratio, 21.114; P P P P Conclusions We objectively validated the commonly held belief that Candidemia, bacteremia, retinopathy of prematurity, and low birth weight are significant risk factors for endophthalmitis development in infants, which seems to have had a decreasing incidence in recent years.
Life history variation in blue flax (Linum perenne: Linaceae): seed germination phenology

Linum perenne L. is a nonclonal perennial herb widely distributed across a range of habitats. Variation in seed germination patterns was examined for 21 Intermountain collections and for the commercial cultivar 'Appar'. Collections from sites with long, snowy winters were largely dormant at harvest and responded positively to chilling. Collections from middle elevation sagebrush-grassland sites were generally nondormant and contained a fraction induced into secondary dormancy by chilling. Collections from palouse prairie and pinyon-juniper sites were generally nondormant and unaffected by chilling, as was 'Appar'. When seeds of contrasting populations were planted in seed retrieval experiments at low, middle, and high elevation sites, their field germination phenology was predictable from laboratory experiments. In common garden experiments, there were significant among-sibship differences in germination for each garden-grown wild accession but not for 'Appar', suggesting that differences both among and within populations may be genetically based. Garden-grown seeds were generally less dormant than wild-collected seeds, possibly because of selection during propagation. Results demonstrated the existence of ecologically relevant among-population and within-population variation in germination phenology for blue flax. Seeds of high-montane populations are spring-emerging and have little provision for between-year carryover. Populations from lower elevation habitats with less predictable weather have seeds with contrasting germination patterns, allowing for emergence in both fall and spring as well as for seed bank carryover. 'Appar' seeds lack these predictive and carryover mechanisms.
Primary Production and Limiting Nutrients in a Small, Subalpine Wyoming Lake

Abstract Primary production and limiting nutrients were studied by 14C techniques in a small, shallow, subalpine lake. There was no relationship between productivity at any depth and light intensity at that depth. Samples taken near the lake bottom always had higher productivity than samples taken near the surface, probably due to more optimal nutrient conditions. Nutrient enrichment experiments support this hypothesis, since sediment extract and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid were always effective in enhancing productivity. The effects of other nutrients and nutrient combinations were less consistent, and tended to change through the summer. A large number of significant three, four and five factor interactions in midsummer indicated that the nutrient requirements of the algal community were most complex at this time. Although retention time increased through the summer from 10 to 71 hours, productivity tended to more closely parallel water temperature. Studies of currents showed that the western end o...
Controlled atom dynamics in a double-well optical lattice

We report on the experimental demonstration of dynamic control of the motional state of atoms in a 2D double-well optical lattice. First we describe experiments in which the atomic distributions obtained by loading Bose–Einstein condensates of rubidium atoms in the lattice are dynamically split by transforming a 2D lattice with period λ into a 2D lattice with period λ/2, and we show how this procedure allows for the study of the coherence and interaction properties of the system. Then we show how we can efficiently adiabatically transfer the population between adjacent sites of the lattice, as well as between different energy bands, by using dynamic modifications of the potential.
Extending Library Boundaries Without Losing the Personal Touch

Providing library services to a distance education site removed from a main campus poses problems for libraries, especially for St. Edward's University, a small academic library that wishes to retain the personal, nurturing relationships it fosters with library patrons. Problems we were committed to solving included providing an environment conducive to lifelong learning and remaining true to the library's teaching mission. Because no increase in library staff was budgeted, current library staff members had to be amenable to adding new duties to provide an infrastructure of services to distance education students that were similar to services offered to our on-campus community.
Capacity of human coronary arteries; a postmortem study.

A postmortem study of the capacity of the coronary arteries of 100 human hearts is presented. The volume of Schlesinger's barium sulfate-gelatin injection mass entering the coronary arterial tree under standard conditions was taken as a measure of its capacity. The factors analyzed include the weight of the heart in the normal and diseased state, the cross-sectional dimensions of the main coronary arteries near their origins, and the sex, age, and nutrition of the subjects.
Resurrecting (2,0) compactifications

Abstract It has recently been argued that world-sheet instantons can destabilize certain previously considered solutions to the string equations of motion corresponding to world-sheet sigma models with (2, 0) supersymmetry. In this paper the conditions for the stability of such models are examined and it is argued that a large and interesting subclass of (2,0) sigma models are in fact stable.
Neonatal renal physiology.

The renal system plays a tremendous role in growth and development of infants and children. The kidney itself also undergoes a maturation process as it transitions from the fetal to the extrauterine environment. Renal function continues to undergo further adaptive changes in the neonatal period. It is important for the clinician caring for neonates to be aware of the expected fluid shifts, electrolyte handling, and renal functional capacity as these “normal” changes will become quite relevant when medical or surgical pathology is present. The preterm neonates are especially vulnerable due to their functionally immature kidneys. Renal function in the preterm neonate is not only immature at birth but there is a significant delay in the renal function to achieve its full capacity. This review highlights the physiologic adaptations of the kidney and its effects on the body during the neonatal period.
Reaction pathway of the [4 + 2] Diels-Alder adduct formation on Si(100)-2 x 1

Despite a long history of experimental and theoretical investigation, the mechanism of the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction has been controversial since its discovery 80 years ago. From these investigations, two schools of thought have emerged, namely that the reaction can proceed via a concerted, symmetric or asymmetric mechanism or via a nonconcerted mechanism involving a zwitterion or diradical as an intermediate. Here, we employ finite temperature ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, employing forces computed "on the fly" from electronic structure calculations, to investigate the microscopic mechanism of DA adduct formation between 1,3-butadiene and the Si(100)-2x1 surface. Free energy profiles and nonequilibrium trajectories strongly suggest a nonconcerted mechanism that forms a zwitterionic intermediate state. This mechanism, which begins with a nucleophilic attack of the C=C double bond on the positive member of a charge-asymmetric buckled Si-Si dimer, was previously shown to be common to the formation of a wide range of adducts that can form on the surface.
Mentoring Relationships for Women in Retailing: Prevalence, Perceived Importance, and Characteristics:

This paper describes a study on the prevalence, perceived importance, and characteristics of mentoring relationships for women employed in middle and upper level retail positions in the southwestern region of the United States. Survey questionnaires were mailed to 466 female executives employed by specialty, department, or discount store retailers; 205 (44%) were returned and usable. Results of this study indicated that mentored mid-level executives reported more promotions over a five-year period than nonmentored executives and that upper level executives were more likely to be mentored than mid-level executives. Upper level women experiencing mentoring relationships reported higher levels of job motivation than did their nonmentored counterparts. Study results also revealed that upper level executives were more likely to have been mentored by someone of the male gender than were the mid-level participants and were more likely to have been mentored by an older individual. The similarity in the relationsh...
Blood to brain transport after newborn cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

~~ ~ ~~~ Abstract. These experiments examine the transfer of urea, sodium, and sucrose from blood to brain in an animal model of newborn cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cerebral ischemia (20 min) was produced in anesthetized, ventilated piglets by increas- ing intracranial pressure above mean arterial blood pressure, thereby reducing cerebral perfusion pressure to zero. The blood to brain transfer of urea, sodium, and sucrose was then measured in sham control piglets and at 30 min and 2 hr of reperfusion following ischemia. At 30 min of reperfusion, urea and sodium transfer were increased while sucrose transfer was unchanged. However, at 2 hr of reperfusion, transfer of all three tracers was elevated. The difference in the time course of increased transport of these substances into the brain following ischemia cannot be explained by size differ- ences, indicating that changes in the blood-brain barrier following ischemia are more complex than merely opening junctions between cells and creating leaky sites. Altera- tions in blood-brain barrier transport could participate in altered neuronal function after ischemia-reperfusion injury. (P S E B M 1991 Vol1971
Two-color spectroscopy of fermions in mean-field BCS-BEC crossover theory

We calculate two-photon Raman spectra for fermionic atoms with interactions described by a single-mode mean-field BCS-BEC crossover theory. We compare calculated spectra of interacting and noninteracting systems and find that interactions lead to the appearance of correlated atomic pair signal due to Cooper pairs; splitting of peaks in the spectroscopic signal due to the gap in fermionic dispersion; and attenuation of signal due to the partial conversion of fermions into the corresponding single-mode dimer. By exploring the behavior of these effects, one can obtain quantitative estimates of the BCS parameters from the spectra.
Magellan data catalog available on Internet

Version 2.0 of the Magellan Standard Products Catalog is now available on Internet. The catalog contains information about Magellan Venus radar and altimetry data products from mapping cycles 1, 2, and 3, and gravity data products from cycle 4. NASA's Planetary Data System Geosciences Node, led by personnel at Washington University, designs, develops, and maintains the catalog. It can be used to search for data products by name, latitude-longitude location, feature location, and orbit, or time based on the Magellan Experimenter's Notebook.
Calculation of the chemisorption energy of H on a multilayer-segregated CuNi alloy

Abstract The chemisorption theory of Einstein and Schrieffer is used to calculate the chemisorption energy of hydrogen on a multilayer-segregated CuNi disordered binary alloy surface, in which the Green-function technique, based on the coherent-potential approximation, and the method of complex-energy integration are adopted. When the effect of chemisorption on the surface component is neglected, multilayer surface segregation of Cu leads to an increasein chemisorption energy ΔE as compared to the case of no surface segregation as well as monolayer segregation. In general cases, chemisorption-induced surface segregation can change the surface component and the chemisorption energy to varying degrees. The results show that the chemisorption energy depends sensitively on the adatom coverage θ, and decreases with increasing θ. The calculated result for θ = 0.41 agrees with the experiment of Takeuchi et al.
Synthesis and characterization of mononuclear indoline complexes. Studies of {sigma} and {pi} bonding modes

The dication [(cymene)Ru(η6-1-Me-indoline)]2+, 1a, has been synthesized either by the hydrogenation of [(cymene)Ru(1-Me-indole)]2+ or by the reaction of [(cymene)Ru(OTf)2]x with 1-Me-indoline and has been isolated as the triflate or tetraphenylborate salt. Other [(arene)Ru(indoline)]2+ derivatives have also been prepared by similar methods. [1a](BPh4)2 crystallized in the space group P1 with a = 10.9308(3) A, b = 14.1874(4) A, c = 18.4139(5) A, α = 81.800(1)°, β = 75.17°, γ = 89.50°, V = 2731.19(13) A3, and Z = 2. The sandwich structure is slightly bent with an angle between the ruthenium ion and the center of each η6-ligand of 174.3°. Complexes with η1-N-coordinated indoline ligands have also been characterized. The reaction of indoline with Pd(Cl)2(PPh3)(CH3CN) in refluxing dichloromethane resulted in the formation of (Cl)2(PPh3)Pd(η1-indoline), 2, which was isolated and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Complex 2 crystallized in the space group P1 with a = 9.703(2) A, b = 10.148(2) A, c = 13.92...
Automated control of postoperative hypertension: A prospective, randomized multicenter study

Abstract Hypertension after a cardiac operation is a frequent phenomenon. Complications resulting from this include bleeding, disruption of vascular suture lines, subendocardial ischemia, and possible cerebrovascular accidents. Treatment with sodium nitroprusside has become accepted practice to prevent these complications. To improve control of arterial blood pressure, a closed-loop system for sodium nitroprusside administration was developed. A prospective, randomized multicenter study was carried out postoperatively in 180 cardiac surgical patients to evaluate the performance of this system compared with manual control of infusion. Adherence of mean arterial blood pressure to ±10% of the target blood pressure occurred 85% of the time with the automatic system and 61% of the time with manual regulation ( p p p p
High pressure - high temperature studies II. Direct preparation of β - and γ-LiBO2

Abstract Two high pressure forms of lithium metaborate, β - LiBO 2 and γ - LiBO 2 , have been synthesized directly in an opposed anvil press at 15 kilobars, 230°C and 18 kilobars, 370°C, respectively. The new β -form crystallizes in a lattice less symmetrical than either the α- or γ- forms. Paralleling β -metaboric acid, β -HBO 2 , boron has coordination numbers 3 and 4 at the same time in β - LiBO 2 . The coordination of boron in these borates is elucidated clearly by the infrared spectra. The β → γ transformation was found at 18 kilobars and 370°C. The β -form can also be converted into the α-form at 400°C in air at 1 atm. pressure.
Activation of V(D)J Recombination Induces the Formation of Interlocus Joints and Hybrid Joints in scid Pre-B-Cell Lines

V(D)J recombination is the mechanism by which antigen receptor genes are assembled. The site-specific cleavage mediated by RAG1 and RAG2 proteins generates two types of double-strand DNA breaks: blunt signal ends and covalently sealed hairpin coding ends. Although these DNA breaks are mainly resolved into coding joints and signal joints, they can participate in a nonstandard joining process, forming hybrid and open/shut joints that link coding ends to signal ends. In addition, the broken DNA molecules excised from different receptor gene loci could potentially be joined to generate interlocus joints. The interlocus recombination process may contribute to the translocation between antigen receptor genes and oncogenes, leading to malignant transformation of lymphocytes. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of these nonstandard recombination events, we took advantage of recombination-inducible cell lines derived from scid homozygous (s/s) and scid heterozygous (s/+) mice by transforming B-cell precursors with a temperature-sensitive Abelson murine leukemia virus mutant (ts-Ab-MLV). We can manipulate the level of recombination cleavage and end resolution by altering the cell culture temperature. By analyzing various recombination products in scid and s/+ ts-Ab-MLV transformants, we report in this study that scid cells make higher levels of interlocus and hybrid joints than their normal counterparts. These joints arise concurrently with the formation of intralocus joints, as well as with the appearance of opened coding ends. The junctions of these joining products exhibit excessive nucleotide deletions, a characteristic of scid coding joints. These data suggest that an inability of scid cells to promptly resolve their recombination ends exposes the ends to a random joining process, which can conceivably lead to chromosomal translocations.
Molecular genetics of AML

In the past decade, a series of technological advances have revolutionized our ability to interrogate cancer genomes, culminating in whole-genome sequencing, which provides genome-wide coverage at a single base-pair resolution. To date, the tumor genome has been sequenced in nearly 40 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). On average, each AML genome contains approximately 400 mutations, including 6-26 coding mutations. The majority of these mutations are 'background' mutations that were acquired during normal aging of hematopoietic stem cells. Though comprehensively identifying 'driver' mutations remains a challenge, a number of novel driver mutations in AML have been identified through whole-genome sequencing. The digital nature of next-generation sequencing has revealed clonal heterogeneity in the majority of AML at diagnosis. Importantly, in some cases, a minor subclone contributed to relapse, suggesting the strategies to assess clonal heterogeneity are needed to optimize therapy. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decrease, it is likely that whole-genome sequencing of cancer cells will become commonplace in the diagnostic work-up of patients with AML and other cancers.
Discrepant serum and urine β-hCG results due to production of β-hCG by a cribriform-morular variant of thyroid papillary carcinoma.

Abstract Background Although patients with medullary thyroid cancer are known to present with paraneoplastic hormone production, this is much less common with papillary thyroid cancer. Methods We present a patient with the cribriform morular variant of papillary thyroid cancer in association with familial adenomatous polyposis who developed a positive pregnancy test in the absence of known pregnancy. The patient had developed vaginal bleeding, and her laboratory testing was characterized by elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) concentrations, but negative qualitative urine results. After a thorough gynecological evaluation to exclude unexpected normal, ectopic, or molar pregnancy, we pursued an evaluation for other sources of β-hCG production. Results We showed that the elevated serum β-hCG concentrations were not the result of heterophile antibody interferences, and ultimately we proved that her recurrent tumor produced the ectopic β-hCG. This is the first report of β-hCG production by papillary thyroid cancer. Thus, the possibility of ectopic production of β-hCG by papillary thyroid cancer needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of elevated hCG concentration in the absence of pregnancy. Conclusions This study of an unusual paraneoplastic syndrome highlights the importance of investigating discrepancies in the clinical laboratory.
Factors Affecting Bubble Size on Foamed Polymer-Paperboard Composites

Foamed paperboard is a composite material with applications in the consumer products industry. The composite comprises a layer of paperboard sandwiched between two polymer films. One film foams upon heating while the other acts as a barrier. Foaming is caused by the vaporization of the small amount of moisture present in the board. The resulting increase in pressure bubbles the heat-softened polymer. During growth, the vapor driving force, which depends on the rate of vaporization, overcomes the opposing sheet resistance. Upon continued heating, the vapor escapes through the molten polymer film and from the sides of the board. Less than 2% of the total initial moisture accumulates inside the foam. The average bubble size is about five times lower than the maximum possible bubble size because of moisture losses. The final bubble size and foam thickness are dictated by the degree of bubble coalescence.
Development of a University Alumnae Mentoring Program

In the past three decades, mentoring has become a formal and informal vehicle for empowering individuals in both educational and corporate environments. Colleges and universities have established mentoring programs similar to those in the corporate sector to retain students and contribute to their academic and future success. More recently, mentoring programs for female university students and alumnae have appeared as academia has recognized the importance of enhancing mentoring and networking opportunities for women graduates and current students and the benefits derived from such alliances. This article is based on a case study conducted by the author at a Midwestern research university. It describes the creation of an alumnae In the past three decades, mentoring has become a formal and informal vehicle for empowering individuals in both educational and corporate environments. Colleges and universities have established mentoring programs similar to those in the corporate sector to retain students and contribute to their academic and future success. More recently, mentoring programs for female university students and alumnae have appeared as academia has recognized the importance of enhancing mentoring and networking opportunities for women graduates and current students and the benefits derived from such alliances. This article is based on a case study conducted by the author at a Midwestern research university. It describes the creation of an alumnae mentoring program, as well as the program's membership, structure, challenges, outcomes, and value. The paper also raises a number of issues relevant to the development of alumnae mentoring programs and provides specific recommendations for advancement practitioners interested in creating similar programming on their campuses.
136 Metabolic Flux Analysis of Halogenated Monoterpene Biosynthesis in Microplantlet Suspension Cultures of the Marine Red Macroalgae Ochtodes Secundiramea and Portieria Hornemannii

The bioprocess engineering of marine macroalgae or “seaweeds” for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites is an emerging area of marine biotechnology. One novel metabolic theme is the biosynthesis of halogenated monoterpenes by red macroalgae. Specifically, two species of tropical marine red macroalgae, Ochtodes secundiramea and Portieria hornemannii, contain halogenated monoterpenes that serve as a chemical defense to herbivory. Some of these halogenated monoterpenes also possess potent activity against several human tumor cell lines. Field collections of O. secundiramea and P. hornemannii exhibit site-to-site variations in halogenated monoterpene (HMT) content. In contrast, microplantlets of O. secundiramea and P. hornemannii established through cell and tissue culture techniques have remarkably similar HMT profiles when cultivated in a photobioreactor under identical, controlled conditions. Both cultures share Apakaochtodene B as the only cyclic HMT, 10E-bromomyrcene and 10E-bromo-3-chloro-a-myrcene as the dominant acyclic HMTs, and myrcene as their common precursor. Furthermore, halogenated monoterpene biosynthesis in red macroalgae has three common manifolds: elaboration of myrcene from geranyl diphosphate by a novel marine monoterpene synthase, regio- and stereoselective bromination of mycrene by a novel marine halogenase, and bromonium-ion assisted cyclization and halogenation of myrcene. Two quantitative tools of metabolic engineering – metabolic flux analysis and metabolic pathway analysis – were used to elucidate the factors that control halogenated monoterpene biosynthesis. By coordinated perfusion of nutrients, bromide, and key enzyme co-factors to the photobioreactor culture, both the yield and distribution of halogenated products can be externally directed to target compounds. These efforts represent the first application of metabolic engineering principles to the manipulation of secondary metabolism in macrophytic marine organisms.
A classification of modularly complemented geometric lattices

A geometric lattice G is said to be modularly complemented if for every point in G , there exists a modular copoint not containing it. We prove that a connected modularly complemented geometric lattice of rank at least four is either a Dowling lattice or the lattice of flats of a projective geometry with some of its points deleted.
Thermoelastic deformations of the Earth's lithosphere: A mathematical model

We examine the problem of the thermoelastic deformation of a spherical Earth with constant elastic parameters heated from within by the spontaneous decay of radiogenic elements.
Reply to the comments by Nash about the violation of dimensional analysis

A reply is made to the comments by Nash about our approach to the partial differential equations of renormalizable quantum field theory. A simple example is presented to support our claims. (AIP)
Self-assembly of bivalent protein-binding agents based on oligonucleotide-linked organic fragments.

A library of bidentate fragments linked through an oligonucleotide duplex was tested for binding to streptavidin. When one fragment was biotin, only biotin-containing duplexes were selected by streptavidin but when heated above the melting temperature, only bidentate biotin ligands were obtained. Thermal denaturation experiments showed that the melting temperature, thus stability, of the monodentate versus bidentate binding ligand increased from 59 to 71 °C in the presence of streptavidin. Substituting biotin with 2-iminobiotin led to the exclusion of all other duplexes by the bidentate iminobiotin duplex in binding streptavidin.
Transcutaneous partial oxygen tension and skin blood flow monitoring: continuous, noninvasive measures of cardiorespiratory change.

Abstract Transcutaneous partial oxygen tension (tc pO2) and skin blood flow (via heat clearance) were measured noninvasively in 22 male subjects who performed stress-inducing tasks (i.e. hand-grip exercise, cold pressor test, breath holding, hyperventilation and mirror-tracing). An analysis of variance and covariance was conducted for tc pO2 heat clearance, heart rate, respiration rate, finger pulse volume and systolic/diastolic blood pressure. Results indicate that tc pO2 can depict phasic cardiorespiratory challenge. Heat clearance proved to be less sensitive to the demand conditions used here. An analysis of covariance revealed a negative correlation between tc pO2 and blood pressure and respiration rate, as well as a positive correlation between tc pO2 and heat clearance. This suggests that phasic changes in tc pO2 are induced by both peripheral vasomotor activity and changes in arterial pO2.
Class switching and Myc translocation: how does DNA break?

Chromosomal translocations involving immunoglobulin switch regions are commonly thought to arise from aberrant AID-induced DNA lesions. New data, however, suggest AID does not initiate such lesions, but acts subsequently in the B cell transformation process.