cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes and co-occurring mutations in patients with RUNX1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia

(1) Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are often associated with worse prognosis. We assessed co-occurring mutations, response to therapy, and clinical outcomes in patients with and without mutant RUNX1 (mRUNX1); (2) We analyzed 328 AML patients, including 177 patients younger than 65 years who received intensive chemotherapy and 151 patients >65 years who received hypomethylating agents. RUNX1 and co-existing mutations were identified using next-generation sequencing; (3) RUNX1 mutations were identified in 5.1% of younger patients and 15.9% of older patients, and were significantly associated with increasing age (p = 0.01) as well as intermediate-risk cytogenetics including normal karyotype (p = 0.02) in the elderly cohort, and with lower lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; p = 0.02) and higher platelet count (p = 0.012) overall. Identified co-occurring mutations were primarily ASXL1 mutations in older patients and RAS mutations in younger patients; FLT3-ITD and IDH1/2 co-mutations were also frequent. Younger mRUNX1 AML patients treated with intensive chemotherapy experienced inferior treatment outcomes. In older patients with AML treated with hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy, response and survival was independent of RUNX1 status. Older mRUNX1 patients with prior myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) had particularly dismal outcome. Future studies should focus on the prognostic implications of RUNX1 mutations relative to other co-occurring mutations, and the potential role of hypomethylating agents for this molecularly-defined group.
Vaginal Birth After Previous Cesarean Delivery

Trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC) has fluctuated in acceptance among the medical community. Approximately two thirds of women with a previous cesarean section are candidates for a TOLAC and its use may decrease the cesarean rate in the United States. Overall success rates are estimated to be between 60 and 80 percent with an approximate 1% risk for uterine rupture in women with one previous low transverse cesarean section [1].
Globalization, Family life, and the Future Research Environment in Home Economics and Human Sciences

This paper identifies trends in research methodology due to globalization. Context in both research and in practice and forms the key perspective for modern methodology and theory. Ecological perspectives are a necessary condition for quality global research. Human ecology researchers must advance the role of interdisciplinary and inter-functional perspectives and be open to collaborative relationships. These researchers must work in teams across disciplinary and functional boundaries. The paper discusses directions for research within the context of trends at U.S. federal agencies with applications to globalization and family life. Trends include： (a) use of diverse but rigorous methodologies； (b) recognition of the research-practice-research feedback loop；(c) primacy of context and diverse sampling; and (d) connections of research to problem solving. The terms promoted recently such as ″relationships″, ″diversity″ or ″problem-based″ are ingrained in human ecology. Key aspects for research in the next decade will be： (a) seeking diversity in sampling； (b) seeking colleagues with different perspectives； (c) incorporating meta-analysis into our work； (d) seeking meaningful results； (e) utilizing varieties of research methodologies to address our problems； and (0 understanding that practice must continually change as a function of research.
Phased Array Focusing for Acoustic Wireless Power Transfer

Wireless power transfer (WPT) through acoustic waves can achieve higher efficiencies than inductive coupling when the distance is above several times the transducer size. This paper demonstrates the use of ultrasonic phased arrays to focus power to receivers at arbitrary locations to increase the power transfer efficiency. Using a phased array consisting of 37 elements at a distance nearly 5 times the receiver transducer diameter, a factor of 2.6 increase in efficiency was achieved when compared to a case equivalent to a single large transducer with the same peak efficiency distance. The array has a total diameter of 7 cm, and transmits through air at 40 kHz to a 1.1-cm diameter receiver, achieving a peak overall efficiency of 4% at a distance of 5 cm. By adjusting the focal distance, the efficiency can also be maintained relatively constant at distances up to 9 cm. Numerical models were developed and shown to closely match the experimental energy transfer behavior; modeling results indicate that the efficiency can be further doubled by increasing the number of elements. For comparison, an inductive WPT system was also built with the diameters of the transmitting and receiving coils equivalent to the dimensions of the transmitting ultrasonic phased array and receiver transducer, and the acoustic WPT system achieved higher efficiencies than the inductive WPT system when the transmit-to-receive distance is above 5 cm. In addition, beam angle steering was demonstrated by using a simplified seven-element 1-D array, achieving power transfer less dependent on receiver placement.
Exploration Disrupts Choice-Predictive Signals and Alters Dynamics in Prefrontal Cortex

In uncertain environments, decision-makers must balance two goals: they must "exploit" rewarding options but also "explore" in order to discover rewarding alternatives. Exploring and exploiting necessarily change how the brain responds to identical stimuli, but little is known about how these states, and transitions between them, change how the brain transforms sensory information into action. To address this question, we recorded neural activity in a prefrontal sensorimotor area while monkeys naturally switched between exploring and exploiting rewarding options. We found that exploration profoundly reduced spatially selective, choice-predictive activity in single neurons and delayed choice-predictive population dynamics. At the same time, reward learning was increased in brain and behavior. These results indicate that exploration is related to sudden disruptions in prefrontal sensorimotor control and rapid, reward-dependent reorganization of control dynamics. This may facilitate discovery through trial and error.
Unseen and Unsung: ICC Language Services and Their Impact on Institutional Legitimacy

This article is based on the author's ongoing ethnographic study of how the International Criminal Court (ICC) is responding to a broad range of multilingual challenges, particularly those related to African languages. The ICC is currently using more than thirty languages from the African continent in its investigations, trials, interactions with victims, and outreach activities. Despite the centrality of these languages to various ICC situations and cases, African language experts, and the structures created to support their work, operate largely in the shadows. Furthermore, the innovative strategies developed by ICC language service staff around recruitment and training of interpreters for 'languages of lesser diffusion', development of legal lexicons in those languages, and other vital activities are rarely acknowledged publicly. Despite the obvious multilingual nature of all ICC situations and cases, the constant use of interpretation and translation (even between its working languages), and the visible presence of interpreters in the courtroom, the Court's language services remain strangely unseen and unsung. Bringing the work of language services staff into the light could enhance the legitimacy of the ICC both through improving its performance and countering negative commentary among its constituents, especially in situation countries.
Lies and Free Speech Values

In the short time since Seana Shiffrin published Speech Matters, ‘fake news’ and ‘alternative facts’ have become full-blown phenomena, and various forces have destabilized the line between truth and falsity. Now more than ever, Shiffrin’s project is one of urgent importance. This essay examines Chapter Four of Speech Matters, which asks the crucial question: when and how may the law regulate lies? Shiffrin concludes that the law could regulate lies much more often than it does, though sometimes it ought not to for pragmatic reasons. For all of Shiffrin’s masterful explication, there is perhaps more to say in the space between Chapter Three’s moral account of free speech and Chapter Four’s legal one. Setting existing doctrine aside, how would a society translate the moral principles of Chapter Three into a system of law? Which worries are intrinsic to free speech, and which are purely pragmatic? In other words, what does a thinker-based account of law look like?
Prospective Trial Using Internal Pair-Production Positron Emission Tomography to Establish the Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Dose Required for Response of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose To prospectively assess the threshold dose for objective response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), using 90Y internal pair-production positron emission tomography (PET) to quantify the radiation dose delivered to hepatic tumors after radioembolization. Methods and Materials A prospective study was performed under institutional review board approval from 2012 to 2014. Thirty-five patients with primary and secondary liver tumors undergoing 90Y treatment were recruited. Eight patients did not meet inclusion criteria, and 27 patients with HCC were included for analysis. Time-of-flight PET imaging was performed immediately after radioembolization and voxel values converted into 90Y activity. The radioembolization dose was calculated from PET images, and image segmentation was performed with volumetric analysis of dose deposition within tumors. Radiographic response was assessed on follow-up imaging. Results Treated HCC showed 84% objective response, 11% stable disease, and 5% progressive disease according to modified RECIST 1.1 response criteria. Responders had a higher median 90Y tumor dose than nonresponders (225 Gy vs 83 Gy, P Conclusions Hepatocellular carcinoma that resulted in objective response after radioembolization had a greater median tumor dose of 225 Gy, compared with 83 Gy in nonresponders. Delivered tumor dose can be assessed by PET and significantly impacts treatment response in HCC.
Psychiatric profiles in the U.S. Air Force: a clinical interpretation of Air Force Instruction 48-123.

The foundations of our current system for profiling military psychiatric patients were laid during World War II, well before the development of the first version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, The general principles and terminology remain in use today through Air Force Instruction 48-123, Medical Examination and Standards. The terminology used is clearly outdated, making it difficult to use and risking misuse, deploying the wrong person or denying deployment to an appropriate person. Our objective is to review the current standards for making psychiatric profiles in the U.S. Air Force and propose a practical interpretation of the current Air Force Instruction. Considerable research remains to be done to improve our profile system, especially in light of the development of effective treatments for many psychiatric illnesses. Although prognostic data are available for some illnesses, little research has been done on military populations and essentially none of it considers the rigors of military deployment. Diagnosis, prognosis, duty environments, and demands of duties all must be considered in making profile decisions. Reductionistic approaches more simple than this will serve neither the commander nor the airman.
Emerging Technologies for Collaborative, Mediated, Immersive Learning

Three complementary technological interfaces are now shaping how people learn, with multiple implications for K-12 education (Dede, 2002). • The familiar “worldtothedesktop” interface provides access to distributed knowledge and expertise across space and time through networked media. Sitting at their laptop or workstation, students can access distant experts and archives, communicate with peers, and participate in mentoring relationships and virtual communities-of practice. This interface provides the models for learning that now underlie most tools, applications, and media in K-12 education. • Emerging multi-user virtual environment (MUVE) interfaces offer students an engaging “Alice in Wonderland” experience in which their digital emissaries in a graphical virtual context actively engage in experiences with the avatars of other participants and with computerized agents. MUVEs provide rich environments in which participants interact with digital objects and tools, such as historical photographs or virtual microscopes. Moreover, this interface facilitates novel forms of communication among avatars, using media such as text chat and virtual gestures. This type of “mediated immersion” (pervasive experiences within a digitally enhanced context), intermediate in complexity between the real world and paint-by-numbers exercises in K-12 classrooms, allows instructional designers to construct shared simulated experiences otherwise impossible in school settings. Researchers are exploring the affordances of such models for learning in K-12 education (Clarke et al, 2006; Barab et al, 2004). • Augmented reality (AR) interfaces enable “ubiquitous computing” models. Students carrying mobile wireless devices through real world contexts engage with virtual information superimposed on physical landscapes (such as a tree describing its botanical characteristics or an historic photograph offering a contrast with the present scene). This type of mediated immersion infuses digital resources throughout the real world, augmenting students’ experiences and interactions. Researchers are starting to study how these models for learning aid students’ engagement and understanding (Klopfer et al, 2004; Klopfer & Squire, in press).
A Quantum Algorithm to Efficiently Sample from Interfering Binary Trees.

Quantum computers provide an opportunity to efficiently sample from probability distributions that include non-trivial interference effects between amplitudes. Using a simple process wherein all possible state histories can be specified by a binary tree, we construct an explicit quantum algorithm that runs in polynomial time to sample from the process once. The corresponding naive Markov Chain algorithm does not produce the correct probability distribution and an explicit classical calculation of the full distribution requires exponentially many operations. However, the problem can be reduced to a system of two qubits with repeated measurements, shedding light on a quantum-inspired efficient classical algorithm.
Contexts: Japan in the Muromachi Age

The aims of the book are described. A number of important historical contexts are sketched, particularly for readers with little expertise in Japanese history, covering historical, political, geographical, social, economic, literary, and cultural issues.
Emotion Regulation Outcomes and Preliminary Feasibility Evidence From a Mindfulness Intervention for Adolescent Substance Use

AbstractBased on the evidence that emotion regulation difficulties underpin many mental health struggles during adolescence, including substance use disorders (SUDs), we focused on distress toleran...
Socioeconomic Status, Social Context, and Smoking Lapse During a Quit Attempt: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Background Low socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to failure to quit smoking. Health inequity models suggest that low SES smokers experience barriers to quitting in part due to greater exposure to pro-smoking social contexts. Purpose The current study examined longitudinal associations among socioeconomic status, pro-smoking social context factors (i.e., exposure to other smokers, places where smoking was allowed), cigarette availability, and smoking lapse during a quit attempt. Methods Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) were gathered from a multiethnic sample of 365 smokers engaged in a quit attempt. A multilevel structural equation model estimated a latent variable for SES indicated by income, education, health insurance, and employment, associations among EMAs for pro-smoking social contexts and cigarette availability, and indirect effects of SES through, pro-smoking social contexts and cigarette availability to subsequent smoking lapse. Results Lower SES scores were associated with a higher likelihood of smoking lapse. Decomposition of the path from SES to smoking lapse into indirect effects showed significant paths through exposure to places where smoking is allowed and cigarette availability. Additionally, significant serial indirect paths from SES through both exposure to other smokers and places where smoking was allowed, in turn, through cigarette availability, and, ultimately, to smoking lapse were noted. Conclusions Consistent with models positing that SES influences health behaviors via contextual factors, the current study demonstrated that low SES smokers attempting to quit experienced greater pro-smoking social contexts that affected subsequent risk for lapse.
Cohesive networks using delayed self reinforcement

Abstract How a network gets to the goal (a consensus value) can be as important as reaching the consensus value. While prior methods focus on rapidly getting to a new consensus value, maintaining cohesion, during the transition between consensus values or during tracking, remains challenging and has not been addressed. The main contributions of this work are to address the problem of maintaining cohesion by: (i) proposing a new delayed self-reinforcement (DSR) approach; (ii) extending it for use with agents that have higher-order, heterogeneous dynamics, and (iii) developing stability conditions for the DSR-based method. With DSR, each agent uses current and past information from neighbors to infer the overall goal, and modifies the update law to improve cohesion. The advantages of the proposed DSR approach are that it only requires already-available information from a given network to improve the cohesion, and does not require network-connectivity modifications (which might not be always feasible) nor increases in the system’s overall response speed (which can require larger input). Moreover, illustrative simulation examples are used to comparatively evaluate the performance with and without DSR. The simulation results show substantial improvement in cohesion with DSR.
The impacts of coastal erosion on Alaska’s North Slope communities: a co-production assessment of land use damages and risks

The impacts of coastal erosion on municipal infrastructure and property have been widely documented within coastal Alaska. Less is known, however, about erosion-related impacts on natural resource-...
The Mechanism of Zn Diffusion Through ZnO in Secondary Battery: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study

Zinc (Zn) deposition and dissolution are very important processes during the charge and discharge cycles of rechargeable Zn aqueous batteries (ZBs). During this process, an interfacial ZnO layer is...
Underwater Monocular Image Depth Estimation using Single-beam Echosounder

This paper proposes a methodology for real-time depth estimation of underwater monocular camera images, fusing measurements from a single-beam echosounder. Our system exploits the echosounder’s detection cone to match its measurements with the detected feature points from a monocular SLAM system. Such measurements are integrated in a monocular SLAM system to adjust the visible map points and the scale. We also provide a novel calibration process to determine the extrinsic between camera and echosounder to have reliable matching. Our proposed approach is implemented within ORB-SLAM2 and evaluated in a swimming pool and in the ocean to validate image depth estimation improvement. In addition, we demonstrate its applicability for improved underwater color correction. Overall, the proposed sensor fusion system enables inexpensive underwater robots with a monocular camera and echosounder to correct the depth estimation and scale in visual SLAM, leading to interesting future applications, such as underwater exploration and mapping.
Effects of Analysts’ Country Familiarity on Forecast Behavior: Evidence from Chinese Cross-Listed Firms in the United States

This study provides empirical evidence regarding the effect of analysts’ country familiarity on their forecast behavior. Prior research has generally agreed that local analysts outperform their nonlocal counterparts due to information advantage or local familiarity. However, the effect of country familiarity on analysts’ earnings forecast abilities for foreign firms cross-listed in the United States is unclear. Using a handcollected sample of Chinese cross-listed firms, I examine whether analysts who are familiar with these Chinese firms are associated with better performance in forecast accuracy, forecast dispersion, and information precision. Results indicate that country familiarity has a positive effect on analysts’ earnings forecasts. Specifically, analysts who are familiar with Chinese cross-listed firms have higher accuracy and lower dispersion. Additional analysis suggests that the superior performance can be attributed to analysts’ private information precision rather than public information precision.
Drone Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem with Multi-flight Level

The advantage of drone delivery is that it can efficiently use the vertical space in the air, allowing multiple operations at different flight levels. However, flight level and delivery efficiency come at a tradeoff, especially in a metropolitan area with many skyscrapers; placing drones higher requires more time, but the higher they are, the less detour they make due to the smaller number of buildings at higher altitudes, resulting reduced time in routing. This study integrates the problem by dividing the heights and identifying buildings that could possibly be an obstacle. We propose a novel vehicle routing problem for multi-flight level drone delivery to minimize delivery completed time.
Microwave Property of Biological Materials

The interaction of microwave radiation with biological systems is influenced by the electromagnetic property of tissue media, specifically, dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability. The frequency-dependent characteristics of the dielectric properties of biological materials may be described by the relaxation processes, displaying a time-dependent response to sudden excitation. This chapter describes the dielectric relaxation processes and presents summaries of the measured tissue dielectric permittivity data for dielectric constants and conductivities as functions of frequency and temperature. Since water is a major constituent of biological materials, tissues may be classified into three major groups according to their water content.
30—The Resistance of Fabrics to Shearing Forces

As part of a study of fabric drape, the fabric-shearing apparatus due to Morner and Eeg-Olofsson has been built and studied. Methods of expressing the results are given and the variability of the results has been measured. The effect of tension on the specimen has been measured and a model is given which may be used to explain the shape of the hysteresis diagrams.
Prenatal Bone Development

Publisher Summary The chapter briefly reiterates the different modes and the time line of bone formation in the human embryo. Most skeletal elements of modern vertebrates are traced to the endoskeleton (skeleton formed inside the body) found in primitive vertebrates. Vestiges of the exoskeleton (skeleton formed outside the body) are present in the skull and pectoral girdle. Bones derived from the primitive endoskeleton develop first into cartilage templates but are subsequently replaced by bone through endochondral ossification. The process of endochondral ossification also initiates with the aggregation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells to form condensations. All primary ossification centers appear between weeks 7 and 12 of embryonic life in humans. Ossification centers in the neural arches appear in a cephalocaudal sequence except in the atlas and axis, in which ossification is slightly delayed. The sternum arises as a pair of cartilaginous bands that fuse along the midline as the ventral body wall develops. The primary ossification centers of the pectoral girdle appear before those of the pelvis in the following order: clavicle, scapula, ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Counterbalancing Parental Concerns in Health Education

(1984). Counterbalancing Parental Concerns in Health Education. Health Education: Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 51-52.
A Virtual Standoff – Using Q Methodology to Analyze Virtual Reference

Abstract Objective - To develop an exploratory understanding of reference librarians’ perceptions of virtual reference. Methods – Q methodology was used to uncover points of view about virtual reference. Thirty-four librarians sorted 28 statements covering a wide range of opinions about virtual reference. Factor analysis was used to analyze the Q-sorts and factor scores were calculated to aid the task of understanding and interpretation. Results - The factor analysis revealed three attitudinal typologies: Technophiles, Traditionalists, and Pragmatists. Each factor represents a group of reference librarians who think similarly about virtual reference. Conclusions - This type of analysis provides data on the actual range of feelings and attitudes about providing virtual reference services. The factor analysis demonstrates that there are still a variety of strongly held viewpoints concerning virtual reference. Convergence towards either acceptance or rejection does not appear to be forthcoming. By using this type of analysis and the resulting data as a basis for decision making, administrators could staff services more efficiently and with the resulting better fit between librarians and their positions, possibly increase morale.
Molecular Dynamics simulations of thermal conductivity in composites consisting of aluminum oxide nanoparticles surrounded by polyethylene oxide

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of heat flow in the composite systems consisting of aluminum oxide nanostructures surrounded by polyethylene oxide were performed using known forcefields with consistent treatment of covalent (polymer) and ionic (nanoparticles) components. A reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (RNEMD) method [1] implemented in open source MD Simulator LAMMPS [2] was utilized to impose a temperature gradient and obtain the values of thermal conductivity. Several simulation boxes containing layers (4 nm and 20 nm width) and spheres (3 nm and 6 nm radii) of aluminum oxide surrounded by polyethylene oxide have been built, equilibrated and subjected to RNEMD. The sizes of the boxes varied from 10/15 nm × 10/15 nm × 45/200 nm. The boxes contained 0.6*106 to 3*106 atoms. An enhancement of effective thermal conductivity from 0.3 W/m·K (for pure polymer) up to 1.1 W/m·K was achieved for the composites containing multiple 20 nm layers of aluminum oxide. The value of interfacial thermal resistance at the aluminum oxide/polymer interface obtained from the simulations was approximately 5*10−9 m2K/W. Temperature profiles from RNEMD atomistic simulations were compared to known bulk models. Patterns of time averaged local heat flux in different components of the composite systems were calculated.
The Financialization of Commodity Futures Markets or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Index Funds

Many believe that index fund investment was the main driver of the 2007-2008 spike in commodity futures prices. One group of empirical studies finds evidence that commodity index investment directly or indirectly had a substantial impact on commodity futures prices. However, the data and methods used in these studies are subject to a number of important criticisms that limit the degree of confidence one can place in the results. Another group of studies provide no systematic evidence of a relationship between on- and off-exchange positions of index funds and the level of commodity futures prices. Overall, the evidence implies that index funds did not harm price discovery in commodity futures markets.
Diffusion couple investigation of the Mg-Zn system

Growing use and development of lightweight Mg alloys has been the catalyst for more fundamental research in Mg based material systems to be completed. Zinc is one of the most common alloying elements in Mg alloys. Phase layer growth and interdiffusion in the binary Mg-Zn system was investigated utilizing solid-to-solid diffusion couples. Anneals were carried out at 295°, 315° and 325°C for 384, 168 and 120 hours, respectively. The diffusion microstructures that developed were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Concentration profiles were determined using X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA). The phases observed were the Mg solid solution, Mg2Zn11, MgZn2 and Mg2Zn3 in all three couples as well as the high temperature, Mg51Zn20 phase in the 325°C couple. The MgZn2 phase was observed to grow the thickest layer, followed by the Mg2Zn3 and the Mg2Zn11 phases. Parabolic growth constants were determined for each phase. Activation energies for the growth of the intermetallic phases were calculated as 105 kJ/mol for the Mg2Zn3 phase and 207 kJ/mol for the MgZn2 phase.
Investigating Human‐Induced Changes of Elemental Cycles in the Great Lakes

Food webs and associated elemental cycles in the Laurentian Great Lakes have been considerably altered over the past 30 years due to factors such as phosphorus abatement, introduction of zebra and quagga mussels, and climate change. These perturbations provide a unique opportunity to document how this natural system has responded and possibly to predict future changes in biogeochemical cycling.
Overview of Hubble Space Telescope Visible Imaging of 9P/Tempel 1 and Deep Impact

We present here an overview of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) program to observe periodic comet 9P/Tempel 1 in conjunction with NASA’s Deep Impact mission. Our objectives were to study the generation and evolution of the coma resulting from the impact and to obtain wide-band images of the visual outburst generated by the impact. All of the observations were made using the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). For imaging, we used the ACS High Resolution Channel (HRC) with a broad V filter, F606W, which provided high sensitivity and a spatial resolution of 36 km (16 km pixel$-1$) at the comet at the time of impact. Two observing campaigns utilizing a total of 17 HST orbits were carried out: the first occurred on 2005 June 13–14 and fortuitously recorded the appearance of a new, short-lived fan in the sunward direction on June 14. This outburst was also seen by the imagers on the Deep Impact spacecraft \cite{A’Hearn:f22005} and by ground-based observers \cite{Lara_f2_:2006}. The principal campaign began two days before impact and was followed by contiguous orbits through impact plus several hours and then snapshots one, seven, and twelve days later. Baseline images of the comet, made prior to impact, photometrically resolved the comet’s nucleus. The derived diameter, 6.1 km, is in excellent agreement with the $6.0 ± 0.2$ km diameter derived from the spacecraft imagers \cite{A’Hearn:f22005}. Following the impact, the HRC images illustrate the temporal and spatial evolution of the ejecta cloud and allow for a determination of its expansion velocity distribution. Velocities in the ejecta plume were found to be about twice those derived from the images of the natural outburst of June 14. One day after impact the ejecta cloud had passed out of the $∼30” × 30”$ field-of-view of the HRC. Full details of the HST results are given in a paper currently in press in the Icarus special issue on Deep Impact [3]
Correlates of Institutional Misconduct Among State Prisoners

* * * As with participation in illegitimate activities in the larger society, involvement in rule infractions within prisons is not normally distributed among prisoners. Rather, a small segment of the inmate population is disproportionately represented in official records of disciplinary activity. In this research, factors associated with differential levels of involvement in prison disciplinary infractions were examined. The findings indicate that the inmate's age at commitment, history of drug use, current offense (particularly homicide/nonhomicide categories), and the type of sentence that the inmate served were significantly related to high-rate infraction status. For one subgroup of the inmate population, race was also significantly related to infraction-rate status. However, these variables are not sufficiently predictive of institutional misconduct to justify their use as classification factors. The implications of the findings for the study of social control mechanisms in prisons are discussed.
The Collapse of the Midnight Ionosphere and Behavior of Meridional Neutral Winds at Townsville Over a Full Solar Cycle

This paper investigates the causes of the sudden descent (midnight collapse) of the ionosphere at Townsville, Australia during the equinox periods of years between 1970 to 1980. The collapse of hmF2 at midnight is found to occur on 89% of the 330 equinox nights that are investigated, and the mean magnitude of the midnight collapse is 84 km in the March equinox periods and 99 km in the September equinox periods. Observations of hmF2 are used to determine equivalent meridional neutral winds using a first-principles physics model. Harmonic analysis of these derived winds reveals the existence of significant diurnal (24-hour), semidiurnal (12-hour), and terdiurnal (8-hour) tidal components. The contribution of wind harmonics to the midnight collapse is determined by bandpass filtering the winds to only allow certain tides and then modeling their effect on hmF2 near midnight. The results indicate that the diurnal, semidiurnal and terdiurnal components of the meridional neutral wind all play a significant role at various times, but the effect of the 6-hour wind component is minimal. The spectral analysis also reveals that the terdiurnal wind component becomes dominant during solar maximum. Electric fields do not appear to be responsible for the midnight hmF2 collapse because it is seldom seen at the near-conjugate station of Akita, Japan.
Edging toward perfection: Analysis of a new approval plan in a health sciences library

Collection management librarians seek to refine an approval plan in order to minimize the number of returns. The University of Pittsburgh Health Sciences Libraries created a new plan and spent 18 months evaluating and fine tuning the plan so that returns could be reduced. After that time, it was decided that, given the amount of literature in the health sciences, that the goal of no (or few) returns is not achievable.
Effects of Wind on Background Particle Concentrations at Truck Freight Terminals

Truck freight terminals are predominantly located near highways and industrial facilities. This proximity to pollution sources, coupled with meteorological conditions and wind patterns, may affect occupational exposures to particles at these work locations. To understand this process, data from an environmental sampling study of particles at U.S. trucking terminals, along with weather and geographic maps, were analyzed to determine the extent to which the transportation of particles from local pollutant sources elevated observed occupational exposures at these locations. To help identify potential upwind sources, wind direction weighted averages and speed measurements were used to construct wind roses that were superimposed on overhead photos of the terminal and examined for upwind source activity. Statistical tests were performed on these “source” and “nonsource” directions to determine whether there were significant differences in observed particle levels between the two groups. Our results provide evid...
Changes in Renal Function in Rats Drinking Heavy Water.

Glomerular filtration and renal plasma flow were decreased to about 40% of normal in rats drinking 50 mole% D/sub 2/O. Upon transfer from D/sub 2/O to H/ sub 2/O, renal function rapidly returned to normal. It ts probable that the changes in renal function do not represent a direct toxic action of D/sub 2/O on the kidney, but are perhaps the result of disturbed adrenal function. (auth)
WORD RECOGNITION SKILLS OF LEARNING DISABLED CHILDREN AND AVERAGE STUDENTS

Abstract The ability of learning disabled and average students’ to recognize and identify words was investigated. Two informal reading measures, the Sundbye Minimal Contrast Phonics Test and an oral reading sample, were administered to three groups. The groups were composed of learning disabled students evidencing reading problems (LD), average students matched with the learning disabled group on reading level and IQ (YN), and average students matched with the learning disabled group on chronological age and IQ (ON). The LD group and average readers did not differ on identification of symbol‐sound associations, word recognition proficiency, the ability to detect and correct word recognition errors, and the ability to use information within the text to recognize words. However, the LD and ON group differed on mean number of word recognition errors. Educational implications of the findings were discussed and a profile of the word recognition skills of learning disabled children was presented.
Antithrombin-heparin affinity reduced by fucosylation of carbohydrate at asparagine 155.

The two human plasma antithrombin isoforms, α and β, differ in glycosylation at asparagine 135. Only the α form carries carbohydrate at this position and has lower affinity for heparin than the β form. We previously found additional heterogeneity in a recombinant N135Q antithrombin variant, evidenced by two isoforms with a 2-fold difference in heparin affinity [Turko, I. V., Fan, B., & Gettins, P. G. W. (1993) FEBS Lett. 335, 9−12]. To test whether this heterogeneity of heparin affinity results from specific glycosylation differences, we have determined the carbohydrate composition at the three remaining glycosylation sites, asparagine residues 96, 155, and 192, in each of the two N135Q isoforms, by a combination of peptide fragmentation and electrospray mass spectrometry. Patterns of glycosylation at residues 96 and 192 were similar for each isoform and showed the presence of mono-, bi-, and triantennary complex carbohydrate, as well as fucosylation of all types of chains. At position 155, however, there...
Improved PSOR algorithm for minimum power multicast tree problem in wireless ad hoc networks

In this paper, we introduce the application of partitioning-based SOR (PSOR) algorithm to the minimum energy multicast tree problem in wireless ad hoc networks. PSOR for broadcast was proposed in our previous work and it can be applied to the multicast tree problem with small modification. PSOR for multicast maintains the same theoretical bound for the approximation ratio and computational running time as PSOR for broadcast. The computational results show improvement in the solution quality (in terms of the sum of the transmission powers). PSOR outperforms the other algorithms and it shows better results compared to ISOR (iterated version of SOR). In this paper, we used the results of the corrected version of SOR for the comparisons. In addition, we present an improved version of PSOR based on simplified partition recovery method. The simulation results show significant reduction of computation time by the improved version.
Radioisotope dilution analyses of geological samples using 236U and 229Th

Abstract The use of 236U and 229Th in alpha spectrometric measurements has some advantages over the use of other tracers and measurement techniques in isotope dilution analyses of most geological samples. The advantages are: (1) these isotopes do not occur in terrestrial rocks, (2) they have negligible decay losses because of their long half lives, (3) they cause minimal recoil contamination to surface-barrier detectors, (4) they allow for simultaneous determination of the concentration and isotopic composition of uranium and thorium in a variety of sample types, and (5) they allow for simple and constant corrections for spectral inferences, 0.5% of the 238U activity is subtracted for the contribution of 235U in the 236U peak and 1% of the 229Th activity is subtracted from the 230Th activity. Disadvantages in using 236U and 229Th are: (1) individual separates of uranium and thorium must be prepared as very thin sources for alpha spectrometry, (2) good resolution in the spectrometer system is required for thorium isotopic measurements where measurement times may extend to 300 h, and (3) separate calibrations of the 236U and 229Th spike solution with both uranium and thorium standards are required. The use of these tracers in applications of uranium-series disequilibrium studies has simplified the measurements required for the determination of the isotopic composition of uranium and thorium because of the minimal corrections needed for alpha spectral interferences.
Elasticity of hydrous wadsleyite to 12 GPa : Implications for Earth's transition zone

Knowledge of the pressure effect on elasticity of hydrous olivine polymorphs is necessary to model seismic wave speeds for potential hydrous regions of the mantle. Here we report single-crystal elastic properties of wadsleyite, {beta}-Mg2SiO4, with 0.84 wt.% H2O measured to 12 GPa by Brillouin scattering. Pressure derivatives of the aggregate bulk modulus, K{prime} S0, and shear modulus, G{prime}0, of hydrous wadsleyite are 4.1(1) and 1.4(1) respectively. These values are indistinguishable within uncertainty from those of anhydrous wadsleyite. We estimate that {approx}1 wt.% H2O in wadsleyite at 410-km depth can reconcile seismic bulk sound velocities with a pyrolite-composition mantle by using our measured high-pressure elastic constants. If the H2O content of the mantle is much less than 1 wt.%, then other factors need to be considered to explain the velocity contrast of the 410-km discontinuity. Variations in water content with depth may also contribute to the anomalously steep seismic velocity gradient in the mantle transition zone.
FIGO stage IIIC endometrial carcinoma: prognostic factors and outcomes.

Abstract Objectives Investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, nodal distribution, and postoperative treatment of patients with FIGO stage IIIC endometrial carcinoma and determine patterns of recurrence and survival. Methods A retrospective review of 85 patients who underwent surgical staging with lymph node dissection at a single institution between 1979 and 2005 was performed. Data collected from patient charts included demographics, treatment, recurrence and survival. Variables were compared using the log-rank and X2 tests, and multivariate analysis was performed. Results Of 1487 patients who underwent surgical staging for endometrial cancer, 104 (7.0%) were diagnosed with stage IIIC disease and 85 of these were analyzed. Stage was determined by positive pelvic lymph nodes (PLN) in 54 patients, and positive para-aortic lymph nodes (PaLN)±PLN in 31 patients. With a median follow up of 50 months, 5-year overall survival (OS) was 61.3%, recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 58.0%, and disease-specific survival (DSS) was 71.9%. Median OS, RFS and DSS were 131 months, 131 months, and not attained, respectively. Five-year OS and RFS with positive PaLN were 48.8% and 44.4% respectively, compared to 69.7% and 65.6% with positive PLN only. On multivariate analysis, age, non-endometrioid histology, and >50% invasion were significantly associated with OS; age and non-endometrioid histology were associated with RFS. Disease recurred in 21 patients (24.7%): 15 distant, 4 abdominal, 1 para-aortic, and 1 pelvic. Disease recurred outside the field of radiation in all patients. Conclusions Endometrial cancer patients with FIGO stage IIIC had a 5-year OS of 61.3%, a RFS of 58.0% and a DSS of 71.9% in this series. Because of the high proportion of distant sites of recurrence (71.4%), recurrence outside the radiation field (100%), and mortality after recurrence (86.3%), multimodality therapy should be considered.
Induction of angiogenesis during the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia

It is now well established that unrestricted growth of tumours is dependent upon angiogenesis. Previous studies on tumour growth, however, have not revealed when or how the transition to an angiogenic state occurs during early tumour development. The advent of transgenic mice carrying oncogenes that reproducibly elicit tumours of specific cell types is providing a new format for studying multi-step tumorigenesis. In one of these models, transgenic mice expressing an oncogene in the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets heritably recapitulate a progression from normality to hyperplasia to neoplasia. We report here that angiogenic activity first appears in a subset of hyperplastic islets before the onset of tumour formation. A novel in vitro assay confirms that hyperplasia per se does not obligate angiogenesis. Rather, a few hyperplastic islets become angiogenic in vitro at a time when such islets are neovascularized in vivo and at a frequency that correlates closely with subsequent tumour incidence. These findings suggest that induction of angiogenesis is an important step in carcinogenesis.
The effects of large fast-neutron fluences on the structure of stainless steel

Abstract The changes in microstructure which occur when type 304L stainless steel is irradiated at temperatures between 370 and 472 °C and fast-neutron fluences between 0.8 and1.4 × 1022n/cm2 have been investigated by electron microscopy. The fuel cladding from an Experimental Breeder Reactor-II driver fuel element served as the experimental material. Voids and dislocation loops formed by the precipitation of irradiation-produced vacancies and interstitials were observed in each specimen. As the irradiation temperature was increased the density of each type of defect decreased and the average size increased. Upon postirradiation annealing at 600 °C, the dislocation loops converted to a dislocation network and the smallest voids ( diameters A ) began to disappear. As the annealing temperature was increased the dislocation and void densities both decreased. After annealing 1 h at 900 °C, the voids were completely removed and the dislocation density was reduced to that of an unirradiated annealed specimen.
Characterisation of generically complete real asset structures

This paper compares the equilibrium allocations of a stochastic economy induced by two market structures: contingent markets and a sequential system of spot and real asset markets. We exhibit a regularity condition on the asset structure which we prove to be a necessary and sufficient condition for the equilibrium allocations for the two market structures to coincide generically.
Depression as a risk factor for breast cancer: investigating methodological limitations in the literature.

Purpose A relationship between depression and the development of breast cancer has not been convincingly shown in the research conducted over the past three decades.
Fast exact and quasi-minimal minimization of highly testable fixed-polarity AND/XOR canonical networks

The authors introduce fast exact and quasi-minimal algorithms for minimal fixed polarity AND/XOR canonical representation of Boolean functions. The method uses features of arrays of disjoint cubes representations of functions to identify the minimal networks. These features can drastically reduce the search space and provide high quality heuristics for quasi-minimal representations. Experimental results show that these special AND/XOR networks, on the average, have a similar number of terms to Boolean AND/OR networks while there were functions for which AND/XOR circuits were much smaller. The circuits generated are much more testable. >