cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide reductase. Purification from Paracoccus denitrificans with use of a single column and some characteristics.

Nitric oxide reductase was purified from Paracoccus denitrificans very nearly to homogeneity by a simple method that involved the use of octyl glucoside to solubilize the enzyme from membranes and required a single hydroxyapatite column. The enzyme had specific activities of about 10 mumol NO reduced x min-1 x mg-1 at pH 6.5 in an amperometric assay system using phenazine methosulfate/ascorbate as the reducing agent and about 22 mumol NO reduced x min-1 x mg-1 at pH 5.0, which is the optimum pH. These values are based on average rates over kinetically complex progress curves and would be about three times greater if based on maximum rate values. The enzyme appeared to be reversibly inhibited by NOaq and to have a Km too low (probably less than or equal to 1 microM) to measure reliably by the amperometric method. The effective second-order rate constant of the enzyme lay within 1 to 2 orders of magnitude of the diffusion controlled limit. The enzyme was composed of a tight complex of two cytochromes: a cytochrome c (Mr = 17,500) and a cytochrome b (Mr = 38,000). The mole ratios of cytochrome c to cytochrome b and Mr 17,500 peptide to Mr 38,000 peptide were both about 1.7, and the heme content was about 3 mol/73,000 g (38,000 + 2(17,500)). Each subunit therefore contained only one heme group. The Mr 38,000 peptide aggregated when heated in the sample buffer used for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition to the ascorbate-based activity, the enzyme showed a little NADH-NO oxidoreductase activity which was not inhibited by antimycin A. The enzyme lost activity with a half-life of about 2 days at 4 degrees C but could be preserved at -20 degrees C and in liquid nitrogen. It seemed not to be inactivated by aerobic solutions. These observations, and the recent ones by Carr and Ferguson (Carr, G.J., and Ferguson, S.J. (1990) Biochem. J. 269, 423-429) with a partially purified preparation of nitric oxide reductase, establish that the enzyme from Pa. denitrificans is a cytochrome bc complex which resembles that from Pseudomonas stutzeri (Heiss, B., Frunzke, K., and Zumft, W.G. (1989) J. Bacteriol. 171, 3288-3297). There would appear to be no functional relationship between nitric oxide reductase and a Mr = 34,000 peptide of Pa. denitrificans membranes reported previously to be present in purified preparations of a nitric oxide reductase (Hoglen, J., and Hollocher, T.C. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 7556-7563).
Tactical applications of defense microspace communications

The author examines recent initiatives at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the area of advanced space communications technologies and the role and utility of small satellites in supporting defense satellite communications needs. In particular, recent demonstrations of small satellites for tactical support applications are summarized. After a brief overview of the overall Advanced Space Technology Program, the author discusses the MACSAT (Multiple Access Communications Satellites) system and the Microsat system. >
Continuing Medical Education: Sexual Medicine Education: Review and Commentary (CME)

ABSTRACT Introduction Sexual medicine education is an important and fundamental topic not adequately represented in most undergraduate and residency training programs. Aim The purpose of this article is to better enable the participant to understand the importance of sexual medicine education, and to review existing models and innovations in undergraduate and graduate medical education. This activity is designed for the practicing physician. Methods A literature review of the topic was performed. Main Outcome Measure Current state of, and new developments in, sexual medicine education. Results In all countries, medical students, house staff, and practicing physicians currently receive variable, nonstandardized, or inadequate training in sexual history taking and sexual medicine assessment and treatment. There remain significant physician–patient barriers to discussing sexual issues; and patients feel that their physicians are reluctant, disinterested, or unskilled in sexual problem management. There is a knowledge gap between developments in sexual medicine and the clinical skills of practicing physicians. Conclusions The challenge is to create uniform, widely available programs that provide practicing physicians across specialties with the needed skills to meet modern patients' needs in sexual medicine healthcare delivery. Parish SJ, and Clayton AH. Sexual medicine education: Review and commentary.
Rate and product studies with dimethyl phosphorochloridate and phosphorochloridothionate under solvolytic conditions.

The specific rates of solvolysis of dimethyl phosphorochloridate and of dimethyl phosphorochloridothionate are very well correlated using the extended Grunwald–Winstein equation, with incorporation of the NT solvent nucleophilicity scale and the YCl solvent ionizing power scale. The sensitivity parameters (l and m) are similar to each other and also similar to previously recorded values for solvolyses of arenesulfonyl chlorides, which were proposed to follow a concerted displacement mechanism. For solvolyses in aqueous ethanol or aqueous methanol the product selectivities (S) are close to unity. For solvolyses in aqueous 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, the values are too small to accurately measure, showing a very large preference for product formation involving nucleophilic attack by the water component. It is concluded that the chloride and chloridothionate solvolyses, in common with the solvolyses of arenesulfonyl chlorides, follow a concerted displacement mechanism.
Update on the distribution and ecology of Sphagnum portoricense

In the United States Sphagnum portoricense Hampe is a coastal plain species ranging from New York to Florida and Texas, primarily at elevations < 100 m. It extends further south into the tropics (from near sea level to 2150 m), occurring in Mexico, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Guyana and the Caribbean (Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico). A recent report of S. portoricense in China is based upon misidentified specimens. The species has a montane distribution in Puerto Rico, being most abundant in the palo colorado forests and cloud forests of the Caribbean National Forest (El Yunque). Although having strong aquatic tendencies on the coastal plain in the United States, tropical populations often occur in wet, but not inundated habitats.
A new species of antilocapra from the late Quaternary of California

Abstract Late Quaternary antilocaprid material recovered recently from the San Joaquim River delta near Antioch,California represents a new species of Antilocapra . The new species id distinguised by aspects of horn core, orbit and temporal-fossa morphology which differ significantly from that of a large sample of A. americana and Pleistocene specimens referred to cf. A. americana . The new species also diverges markedly from a demonstrated allometric relationship between cranial size and horn-core size in A. americana . Based on the observed differences we assign these recently recovered specimens to Antilocapra pacifica nov, sp.
Psychometric properties of the life orientation test and attributional style questionnaire.

Research on dispositional optimism and explanatory style has burgeoned in recent years. The present study assessed the psychometric properties of the Life Orientation Test and Attributional Style Q...
Orbital metastasis of pituitary growth hormone secreting carcinoma causing lateral gaze palsy.

Background Although pituitary adenoma is one of the most common intracranial tumors, it rarely progresses secondarily into a metastatic carcinoma. Commonalities in reported cases include subtotal resection at presentation, treatment with radiation therapy, and delayed metastatic progression. Pathologic descriptions of these lesions are varying and inconsistent. Case description A 52-year-old male was diagnosed with acromegaly and pituitary tumor in 1996. He underwent four subtotal resections and five courses of stereotactic radiosurgery over 14 years. He developed left eye lateral gaze palsy, and was found to have a distant orbital metastasis with involvement of the left lateral rectus and lateral orbital wall. He underwent left orbital craniotomy via eyebrow incision for resection of this lesion. Pathologic evaluation showed a markedly elevated Ki67 level of 30%. Conclusion While overall incidence of metastatic progression of pituitary adenoma after radiotherapy appears to be low, it appears to be a possible complication, and could be more likely in patients receiving multiple doses of radiotherapy. Our review of reported cases showed that 45/46 (97.8%) of patients developing carcinoma had prior radiation exposure. These patients may also have more aggressive pathologic characteristics of their lesions.
Managing IT projects: communication pitfalls and bridges

The complex nature of the matrix organizational structure presents a communication paradigm unparalled by any other management position, creating an organizational environment that is uniquely sensitive to interpersonal communications. This paper discusses the organizational environment typically found in major information systems initiatives as well as some of the interpersonal communications challenges encountered by the IT project manager. Suggestions are provided as bridges to avoid the pitfalls these challenges present.
The Condition for Lot Size Production

Abstract * The research for this paper was supported in part by the Sloan Research Fund of the School of Industrial Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. William J. Taylor is largely responsible for the mathematical methods used in the paper. The authors benefited from the advice of G. Dannerstedt. T. M. Whitin, and the referee on earlier drafts of the paper.
The dynamic relocation and phase-out of a hybrid, two-echelon plant/warehousing facility: A multiple objective approach

Abstract A real-world application involving the relocation and phase-out of a combined manufacturing plant and warehousing facility is presented in this paper. The relocation and phase-out decision was called for to adapt to dynamic changes in business environments surrounding the firm's supply chain operations. Such changes include changes in supplier and customer bases, distribution networks, corporate re-engineering, business climate, and government legislation. To aid management in formulating more effective relocation strategy, we assess the viability of the proposed site from multi-echelon supply chain perspectives and determine the optimal timing of relocation and phase-out in the multiple planning horizon using a dynamic, multiple objective, mixed-integer programming model.
Swift receives 2011 Ocean Sciences Award: Citation

James H. Swift received the 2011 Ocean Sciences Section Award at the 2011 AGU Fall Meeting, held 5–9 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is given in recognition of outstanding and long-standing service to the ocean sciences.
Growth morphology with anisotropic surface kinetics

The morphological evolution of crystals growing from an incongruent vapor phase is studied using a Monte Carlo model, and the full range of growth morphologies is recovered. The diffusion in the bulk nutrient and the anisotropy in the interface kinetics are morphologically destabilizing and stabilizing, respectively. For a given set of simulation parameters and lattice symmetries there is a critical size, which scales linearly with the mean free path in the vapor, beyond which a crystal cannot retain its stable, macroscopically faceted growth shape. Surface diffusion stabilizes faceted growth on the shorter scale of the mean surface diffusion length. In simulations with a uniform drift superimposed on the random walk nutrient transport, crystal faces oriented toward the drift show enhanced morphological stability compared to the purely diffusive situation. Rotational drifts with periodic reversal of direction are morphologically stabilizing for all crystal facets.
Impact of the Presence and Extent of Incomplete Angiographic Revascularization After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndromes The Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) Trial

Background—The clinical significance of incomplete coronary revascularization (ICR) after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes is unknown. Methods and Results—We performed quantitative angiography of the entire coronary tree in 2954 patients with acute coronary syndromes in the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) trial. ICR was variably defined if any lesion with diameter stenosis (DS) cutoffs ranging from ≥30% to ≥70% with reference vessel diameter ≥2.0 mm remained after percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary outcome was 1-year composite rate of major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven unplanned revascularization). With the use of DS cutoffs ≥30%, ≥40%, ≥50%, ≥60%, and ≥70%, the prevalence of ICR after percutaneous coronary intervention was 75%, 55%, 37%, 25%, and 17%, respectively. The 1-year major adverse cardiac event rate was increased among patients with ICR using all of the DS c...
From Mie to Fresnel through effective medium approximation with multipole contributions

The Mie theory gives the exact solution to scattering from spherical particles while the Fresnel theory provides the solution to optical behavior of multilayer thin film structures. Often, the bridge between the two theories to explain the behavior of materials such as nanoparticles in a host dielectric matrix, is done by effective medium approximation (EMA) models which exclusively rely on the dipolar response of the scattering objects. Here, we present a way to capture multipole effects using EMA. The effective complex dielectric function of the composite is derived using the Clausius–Mossotti relation and the multipole coefficients of the approximate Mie theory. The optical density (OD) of the dielectric slab is then calculated using the Fresnel approach. We have applied the resulting equation to predict the particle size dependent dipole and quadrupole behavior for spherical Ag nanoparticles embedded in glass matrix. This dielectric function contains the relevant properties of EMA and at the same time predicts the multipole contributions present in the single particle Mie model.
Devazepide fails to reverse the inhibitory effect of interleukin-1β on food intake in female rats

Abstract Proinflammatory cytokines released during the course of infection elicit numerous behavioral and metabolic changes. The decrease in food intake that accompanies infection is mediated in part by interleukin-1 (IL-1). Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide released during a meal, decreases food intake, and previous research suggests that CCK mediates the anorectic action of IL-1. The effects of estrogen on food intake are also thought to involve CCK, as the satiety action of CCK is increased by estradiol in both intact and ovariectomized rats. Estradiol also modulates many of the behavioral and physiological effects of IL-1. The present experiment examined the ability of the CCKA receptor antagonist devazepide to block the effects of IL-1 and estradiol on food intake in female rats. Adult animals were ovariectomized and given two daily subcutaneous injections of estradiol benzoate (EB; 5.0 μg) or the oil vehicle 3 weeks after surgery. Three days after treatment onset, animals were pretreated with devazepide or its vehicle 30 min prior to intraperitoneal injections of IL-1β (4.0 μg/kg) or saline given 1 h before light offset. Food and water intake was measured following 2 h of spontaneous feeding. The results indicate that devazepide failed to reverse the anorectic action of IL-1β, although the effects of estradiol on food intake were blocked by devazepide. These data do not support a role for CCK in IL-1-induced anorexia, and suggest that cytokines may act directly on neural systems involved in the control of food intake.
The effects of action observation gait training on the static balance and walking ability of stroke patients.

[Purpose] The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of action observation training on the static balance and walking ability of patients who had suffered a stroke. [Subjects] Forty patients with hemiplegia resulting from a stroke were divided into an action observation gait training group (AOGT group, n=20) and a general gait training group (GGT group, n=20). [Methods] The AOGT group watched a training video on flatland gait, slope gait, and stair gait. The GGT group watched a video on nature. Both groups watched their respective video for 10 minutes and then had gait training for 20 minutes per day, five times per week, for eight weeks. [Results] The static balance and gait ability of both groups significantly improved. Although there were significant differences between the groups, the AOTG group showed greater improvements in sway speed, limit of stability, and gait ability. [Conclusion] We recommend action observation training over general gait training for patients with hemiplegia. Action observational training had a positive effect on static balance and gait ability in stroke patients’ static balance and gait ability. Further research is needed to generalize the results of this study.
Calorimeter for a top-loading dilution refrigerator in high magnetic fields

Abstract We have developed a relaxation calorimeter for specific-heat measurements at millikelvin temperatures. The special features of the calorimeter are compatibility with high magnetic fields and stability at temperatures above the normal operating range of dilution refrigerators. The calorimeter has been successfully used to measure the specific heat of milligram samples at temperatures between 34 mK and 3 K and in magnetic fields up to 18 T . The samples can be cooled from room temperature to the lowest temperature in just 5 h . As an example, we give an experimental result on high-purity copper at around 0.5 K in a 18 T field.
Familial arteriovenous malformation

A family is reported in which 3 siblings, 2 with the same and the third with a different father, were demonstrated to have cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
Alpha-adrenergic regulation of the coronary circulation in the conscious dog.

Abstract To examine the role of neural and humoral factors in the control of coronary vasoactivity in conscious animals in which the complicating effects of general anesthesia and recent surgery were absent, dogs were instrumented with miniature pressure gauges in the aorta and left ventricle to measure aortic and left ventricular pressures and with flow probes in the left circumflex coronary artery to measure coronary blood flow. Several weeks after recovery from operation, experiments were conducted in the conscious dogs. Stimulation of the carotid chemoreceptor reflex elicted a biphasic response; initially striking reflex coronary vasodilation was observed: Coronary blood flow tripled even after changes in metabolic factors were minimized by pretreatment with propranolol. The chemoreceptor reflex coronary vasodilation was mediated both by cholinergic activation and withdrawal of alpha-adrenergic tone. The second phase of the response involved an increase in coronary vascular resistance, associated with elevated arterial pressure and an absolute reduction in coronary blood flow and coronary sinus oxygen content. The later period of coronary vasoconstriction was abolished by alpha-adrenergic blockade. Intravenous infusion of the alpha-adrenergic agonist methoxamine increased mean arterial pressure by 65 ± 5% and total coronary vascular resistance by 92 ± 14%. To determine whether the large coronary arteries were also under autonomic control, the dogs were instrumented with a pair of ultrasonic crystals on opposing surfaces of the left circumflex coronary artery to measure its diameter directly and continuously. Methoxamine reduced coronary cross-sectional area substantially, thereby constricting large coronary arteries and resistance coronary vessels. Thus, while the coronary arteries are regulated by changes in myocardial metabolic demands, they are also responsive to changes in neural stimuli. The most striking changes were observed with augmentation and withdrawal of alpha-adrenergic constrictor tone, which appear to be important in the control of large as well as small coronary vessels.
Characterization of Novolac Based Photoresists to Fabricate 3D Polymer Dome Features

Wafer level, 3D, free standing structures (e.g., domes or hemi-cylinders) can be fabricated using polymer dome features as sacrificial templates for MEMS and interconnect applications. Understanding the kinetics of dome formation and the material properties are essential for a robust and manufacturable process of controlling the size and shape of the photoresist features. In this paper, temporal and thermal characteristics of Novolac based photoresists are presented as a function of solid loading and solvent type using analytical techniques such as Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, hot stage microscopy, and Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The solid loading influences the thickness and processing ability of the resist. The solvent evaporation rate controls the final size and shape of the 3D polymer dome features. Solvent is the primary material lost during the dome formation and the onset of deformation is dependent on temperature and ramp rate.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Vertical migration of zooplankton: a game between predator and prey.

Many zooplankters in lakes and oceans assemble in the upper waters at night and sink to the lower layers in the day. Planktivores also migrate following zooplankters. This diel migration is studied by analyzing a habitat selection game between predators and prey, based on the predation hypothesis, i.e., in the daytime zooplankton avoid predators (fish) that hunt by sight at the cost of reduced grazing on phytoplankton. The equilibrium distribution of the game is as follows. When the efficiency of predation by sight is low, both predator and prey concentrate in the upper layer (night phase), and, when it is high, most zooplankton stay in the lower layer and the fish population is distributed between both layers (day phase). The equilibrium distribution of zooplankton discontinuously changes with the predation efficiency at a threshold value. Since the predation efficiency varies with light intensity, diel migration pattern is expected, and the following results are shown. 1. The change in zooplankton distr...
Interaction Between the Household and the Kin Group in the Eastern European Past: Posing the Problem

The households of traditional eastern Europe were frequently complex, containing a variety of kin beyond the members of the head's conjugal family unit. In these households, the domain of family roles was fused with the domain of kin roles. The interaction between the household and the kin group therefore means, in these coresidential units, the interaction of different role domains, and to understand this interaction we have to know more about the nature of each domain and more about how roles were enacted. This appears to be the next step in micro-level structural research for Eastern Europe.
Application of geometric phase to wavefront sensing for astronomical adaptive optics

Modern adaptive optics systems give high performance, both in terms of Strehl ratio (degree of correction) and corrected field of view. Arguably the most important subsystem is the wavefront sensor, which measures the deviation from flatness of the incident wavefront that has been perturbed by the turbulent atmosphere, and commands an actuated mirror to compensate. An aspect of the wavefront sensor essential to achieving high sensitivity is that it perform over a broad spectral bandwidth; operation without correction for guide star color is also desirable. With this in mind, wavefront sensors are considered that make use of the geometric (or topological) phase, which has the property that the value of the phase is independent of wavelength. Conceptual system designs and advantages are discussed.
Electrophysiologic effects of epinephrine in humans

Abstract The electrophysiologic effects of circulating epinephrine in humans were examined in four study groups of 10 subjects each. In 10 subjects without structural heart disease (Group 1) and in 10 patients with coronary disease or dilated cardiomyopathy (Group 2) epinephrine infusion at 25 and 50 ng/kg body weight per min for 14 min resulted in an elevation of the plasma epinephrine concentration in the physiologic range. In both groups it produced a dose-dependent decrease in the effective refractory period of the atrium, atrioventricular (AV) node and ventricle and improvement in AV node conduction. Epinephrine facilitated the induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia in 3 of the 20 subjects. In Group 3, a beta-adrenergic blocking dose of propranolol was added to the infusion of 50 ng/kg per min of epinephrine. Propranolol not only reversed the effects of epinephrine, but also lengthened these variables compared with baseline values. In Group 4, propranolol was administered first, followed by 50 ng/kg per min of epinephrine. Propranolol alone slowed AV node conduction and mildly prolonged the refractory periods. In the presence of betablockade, epinephrine had no effect on AV node properties but resulted in a lengthening of the atrial and ventricular effective refractory periods. In conclusion, epinephrine in physiologic doses shortens the effective refractory period of the atrium, AV node and ventricle, improves AV node conduction and may facilitate the induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia. The overall electrophysiologic effects of epinephrine result from stimulation of beta-receptors. Stimulation of alpha-receptors by epinephrine has no effect on the AV node but prolongs the effective refractory period of the atrium and ventricle, partially offsetting the shortening of refractory periods mediated by beta-receptor stimulation.
Designing an expert consultation system to screen new product ideas: A consumer product application

Abstract Expert systems, a rapidly emerging decision support technology, is applied to the idea screening process for new consumer products. The requirements for successful application of the expert systems methodology are reviewed and recent published attempts to use expert systems to solve marketing problems are identified. The complete process used in designing the prototype Idea Screening Expert System (ISES) is detailed at both the conceptual and practical levels in the hope that this may encourage others to undertake expert systems applications. The need for system validation is discussed and the procedures used to validate the prototype ISES are presented. The principal benefits offered by ISES are identified and research opportunities are highlighted.
Economics, Market Segmentation and Recruiting: Targeting Your Promotion to Volunteers' Needs

ABSTRACT The nonprofit sector relies to a large degree on volunteer labor to accomplish its various missions. Significant research has been done on what motivates individuals to provide volunteer labor. Further, economists have recently recognized the importance of this sector and have begun to apply economic theory to the micro theoretic variables associated with the supply of volunteer labor. This paper is a preliminary look at the marketing implications of the macro theoretic variables associated with the supply of volunteer labor for the promotional strategies nonprofits use to attract volunteers.
Addressing Limitations of the Measurement of Team Cognition

Team cognition is more than the sum of the cognition of the individual team members. Instead, it emerges from the interplay of individual cognition and team process behaviors. Team cognition has be...
Study of the cowley and the christy-hall theories of order parameters.

Cowley and Christy-Hall theories of binary alloys and Warren-Cowley order parameters relationship to joint probabilities and Flinn function autocorrelations
Concrete pavement analysis: the first eighty years

This paper traces the evolution of analytical methods for concrete pavements over the period from the publication of Westergaard's early work in the 1920s until today. It is demonstrated that this development was accomplished in parallel with the birth and coming of age of geotechnical engineering, and was likewise pioneered by a number of colorful and distinguished personalities. Westergaard's analysis had been based on a series of limiting assumptions, which have defined the task for generations of pavement engineers. The eventual elimination of these shortcomings has been possible only through a combination of road tests and laboratory studies, jerry-rigged equipment and sophisticated electronic tools. As a new era of mechanistic-empirical pavement design is ushered in, it behooves the profession to undertake a concerted and serious effort to eliminate the most crucial remaining stumbling block to their efforts: Miner's fatigue hypothesis. Fracture mechanics, similitude concepts and the principles of d...
The eigenspace separation transform for neural-network classifiers

This paper presents a linear transform that compresses data in a manner designed to improve the performance of a neural network used as a binary classifier. The classifier is intended to accommodate data distributions that may be non-normal, may have equal class means, may be multimodal, and have unknown a priori probabilities for the two classes. The transform, which is called the eigenspace separation transform, allows the reduction of the size of a neural network while enhancing its generalization accuracy as a binary classifier.
Conquering enclosed public spaces

Abstract During the process of modernization, a number of Islamic countries encouraged women to unveil. Among them, only Iran has recently returned to the earlier era of requiring women to veil themselves as the precondition of presence in public spaces. However, this time the difference was that women were already present in almost all public spaces: in universities, administrations, industries, and even in the government. Being marginalized after the revolution, Iranian women have learned how to overcome the obstacle of the veil. To maintain their presence and activity in public, they constantly reinvented new strategies to challenge the existing authority, by claiming, appropriating, and re-inventing new public spaces. Paradoxically, the re-veiling of women and the gender segregation of public spaces helped many traditional women enter public spheres as social actors and to gain power, albeit in silence, in different socio-political and cultural fields. Today, more than ever, Iranian women try to conquer new public spaces/public spheres with their transparent visibility and with a stress on their differences.
Two-dimensional analysis of near-surface, single-seam extraction

Abstract This paper describes a digital computer method for calculating the stresses and displacements induced by underground excavations in a single flat-lying seam that is arbitrarily near to the surface of the earth. The method is developed by superposition from solutions previously given for a displacement discontinuity, or dislocation, in an otherwise continuous, linearly elastic, infinite rock mass. The new solution can be applied to complicated extraction patterns in the plane of a seam in a semi-infinite mass, the surface of which can be subjected to arbitrary prescribed tractions. The method can be used to study a wider class of problems than has previously been possible, and is not limited to mining applications; many forms of near-surface construction—such as underground parking lots—can easily be analyzed. Examples are given to show the influence of the free surface on the stresses and displacements in the vicinity of a single slit of width 2a at depth H beneath the surface. The influence of the surface is pronounced for values of H/a less than about 2, but is small otherwise.
Polystyrene with Dendritic Branching by Convergent Living Anionic Polymerization

The synthesis of two types of polystyrene with dendritic branching was achieved through the development of a novel method that combines living anionic polymerization with a convergent process in a one-pot reaction. The method is based on the slow addition of a reactant such as 4-(chlorodimethylsilyl)styrene (CDMSS), which contains a polymerizable vinyl group and a moiety capable of undergoing quantitative SN2 reaction, to a solution of living polystyryl anions. The sequence of reactions results in star-shaped polymers with the initial chains forming the arms and the residue from the CDMSS forming a hyperbranched core. Different amounts of styrene monomer were added along with the CDMSS in order to increase the molecular weight between branch points. The molecular weights and polydispersities of the dendritic polystyrenes were characterized by GPC coupled with MALLS. The molecular weights of dendritic polystyrenes without added comonomer corresponded to dendritic growth of the core of 3.1−3.4 average gener...
Mechanism for the production of vibrationally excited ultracold molecules of 7Li2

Abstract A scheme is described by which translationally cold molecules can be created in specific rotational and vibrational levels and it is suggested they be employed to test Wigner's threshold laws for inelastic collisions. Calculations are presented of the spontaneous emission probabilities and the absorption oscillator strengths of transitions between the vibrational energy levels of the ground and excited triplet states of the molecules 7 Li 2 . The fractions of transitions into the continuum and into the discrete levels are estimated and it is shown that the translationally cold molecules can be produced efficiently in photoassociation experiments. The photoabsorption rate coefficients are computed.
Confronting the Climate-Energy Challenge

Combustion of coal, oil, and gas has raised the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to levels higher than they have been for millions of years. A brief review of the history of Earth's climate puts the next hundred years in its natural context, suggesting that most predictions based on climate models may be underestimating the problem. Reducing risks of future climate change requires changes in existing energy systems. These changes will be in three areas: increasing energy efficiency, increasing the stock of non-fossil energy generation, and adopting technologies for capturing and storing carbon dioxide from fossil fuels.
Immunosuppression for lung transplantation.

As a result of advances in surgical techniques, immunosuppressive therapy, and postoperative management, lung transplantation has become an established therapeutic option for individuals with a variety of end-stage lung diseases. The current 1-year actuarial survival rate following lung transplantation is approximately 75%.1 However, the processes of acute and chronic lung allograft rejection have limited the long-term success of lung transplantation. Clinicians currently rely on a vast armamentarium of immunosuppressive agents to ameliorate graft rejection, but find themselves limited by an inescapable therapeutic paradox. Insufficient immunosuppression results in graft loss due to rejection, while excess immunosuppression results in increased morbidity and mortality from opportunistic infections and malignancies. Indeed, graft rejection, infection, and malignancy are the three principal causes of mortality for the lung transplant recipient. One should also keep in mind that graft loss in a lung transplant recipient is usually a fatal event, since there is no practical means of long-term mechanical support, and since the prospects of re-transplantation are low, given the shortage of acceptable donor grafts. This chapter reviews the current state of immunosuppressive therapy for lung transplantation, and suggests alternative paradigms for the management of future lung transplant recipients.
Description of a Web-Driven, Problem-Based Learning Environment and Study of the Efficacy of Implementation in Educational Leader Preparation

Abstract A Web-driven problem-based learning environment and instructional system was conceived and developed to study the marriage of the problem-based learning instructional method and Web technologies for instructional delivery of educational administration content material. The project described herein was undertaken to examine the efficacy of implementing this new mode of instruction in graduate courses in educational leadership. The ultimate goal of this line of research is to enhance the development of applications of Web technologies to support problem-based learning and improve the efficiency and efficacy of this instructional form in practice across higher education settings. This article describes the prototype software, the rationale and theoretical framework supporting its development, the process and results of research conducted during production and beta-testing, and the educational significance of the project.
A potential and stream function analysis of two-dimensional steady-state convective diffusion equations involving Laplace fields

Abstract A special technique in solving steady-state two-dimensional convective diffusion equations involving external force fields having Laplace potentials is presented. The technique uses the fact that it is possible to find a conjugate stream function to the potential and the two can thus be considered as independent coordinates. The convective diffusion equation can be transformed into the potential and stream function coordinates and the resulting equation is separable in term of these two new coordinates. Two examples are illustrated. A pseudo-two-dimensional problem is also presented to show the usefulness of the technique even when not all requirements are met. Relations with Helmholtz and Schrodinger equations are discussed.
Observation of microdischarge formation in Al/Al 2 O 3 microchannel ozone generators with different cross-sectional structure

Summary form only given. Arrays of low temperature microplasma channels for ozone generation in air and O2 has been demonstrated recently. Fabricated from aluminum foil by wet chemical processing, micropowder ablation, and one photolithographic step, arrays of microchannel plasma devices 3 cm in length and 250 μm in width at the aperture of the channel produce spatially-uniform glow discharges in O2 feedstock gas at a pressure of 1 atmosphere and flow rates of 0.25 - 2.5 liters per minute. This presentation reports the observation of discharge mode formation inside the microchannel in Ne, N2 and air flow by optical microscopy and spectroscopy. Also, spatially resolved emission intensity in the cross-section of these microchannels is investigated by an intensified CCD camera with a telescope. The micrographs shows reasonably uniform power deposition in the cavity for Ne but a clear inability of the plasma to utilize the lowest portion of the cavity where numerical simulations show the electrical field strength to be at it weakest point. In the case of ambient air, visible emission intensity from the plasma is not uniform but the plasma does occupy virtually all of the cavity. Also, the microdischarge performances in different dielectric materials used for construction of the channel structure will be reported.
Effectiveness of Low-Profile Supplemental Fixation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions With Decreased Bone Mineral Density

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fixation using a bioabsorbable interference screw (BIS) and a supplemental low-profile suture anchor (PushLock 4.5-mm polyetheretherketone anchor; Arthrex, Naples, FL) with a standard BIS fixation to determine if fixation methods were dependent on tibial bone mineral density (BMD). Methods Ten matched pairs of fresh-frozen human female knee specimens (20 total) were harvested with specimen ages ranging from 40 to 65 years. The BMD for each specimen was determined with a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner. The specimens were divided into 2 groups, 1 with a BIS and the other with a BIS plus a PushLock. Tibial-sided ACL fixation with hamstring tendon grafts was performed on all the specimens. Then, load to failure and stiffness were biomechanically tested. Results The BIS-plus-PushLock specimens had a significantly higher mean yield load compared with specimens with the BIS alone (702 N v 517 N, P = .047). However, in samples with lower bone density, there was no statistically significant difference in failure loads between fixation techniques ( P = .8566 at BMD of 0.5 g/cm 2 ). As the bone density of the samples increased, the failure loads increased for both techniques ( P P = .0057 for BIS). This BMD-associated increase was greater for the PushLock ( P = .0148), resulting in a statistically significant difference in failure load at the upper range tested ( P = .0293 at BMD of 0.9 g/cm 2 ). Conclusions Supplemental fixation of ACL reconstructions with a PushLock is beneficial in persons with a normal BMD of the proximal tibia, but at a lower BMD, there was no difference in our study. Clinical Relevance Individuals with normal BMDs may benefit from this supplemental fixation. However, caution should be used in postmenopausal women or individuals with chronic ACL injuries when using this fixation strategy.
Indoor/outdoor relationships of carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen in domestic homes with roadside, urban and rural locations in a central Indian region.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) has been a matter of public concern these days whereas air pollution is normally monitored outdoors as part of obligations under the National air quality strategies. Much little is known about levels of air pollution indoors. Simultaneous measurements of indoor and outdoor carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2) concentrations were conducted at three different environments, i.e. rural, urban and roadside in Agra, India, using YES - 205 multigas monitor during the winter season, i.e. October 2002-February 2003. A statistical correlation analysis of indoor concentration levels with outdoor concentrations was carried out. CO was maximum at roadside locations with indoor concentrations 2072.5 +/- 372 p.p.b. and outdoor concentrations 1220 +/- 281 p.p.b. (R2 = 0.005). Oxides of nitrogen were found maximum at urban site; NO concentration was 385 +/- 211 and 637 +/- 269 p.p.b. for indoors and outdoors respectively (R2 = 0.90792), where as NO2 concentration was 255 +/- 146 p.p.b. for indoors and 460 +/- 225 p.p.b. for outdoors (R2 = 0939464). Although indoor concentration at all the houses of the three sites have a positive correlation with outdoor concentration, CO variation indoors was very less due to outdoor sources. An activity schedule of inside and outside these homes were also prepared to see its influence and concentrations of pollutants. As standards for indoor air were not available for the Indian conditions these were compared with the known standards of other countries, where as outdoor concentrations were compared with the standards given by the Central Pollution Control board, which shows that indoor concentrations of both NO(x) and CO lie below permissible limits but outdoor concentrations of NO(x) cross the standard limits. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: ''India currently bears the largest number of indoor air pollution (IAP) related health problems in world. An estimated 500,000 women & children die in India each year due to IAP-related cause--this is 25% of estimated IAP-related deaths worldwide. This study will be useful for policy makers, health related officials, academicians and Scientists who have interest in countries of developing world''. Language: en
Importance of dissolution rates in producing effective diazoxide blood levels in man.

Diazoxide blood levels, blood glucose levels, and mean blood pressure were determined following administration to hypertensive patients of single doses of diazoxide in solution, capsule, and tablet form. Blood levels were correlated with the dissolution rate of each dosage form.
Health service use and outcomes among disabled Medicaid pregnant women.

Purpose We investigated differences in health service use and pregnancy outcomes among women enrolled in Medicaid under eligibility categories for the blind and disabled and those enrolled under other eligibility categories. Methods We used Medicaid enrollment and claims data to create episodes of pregnancy- and delivery-related care for women with and without disabilities who had Medicaid-covered deliveries in Florida, Georgia, and New Jersey during 1995 and Texas during 1997. We linked birth certificate information on prenatal care and birth outcomes to the files for Georgia and Texas. We then computed the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for the receipt of selected routine prenatal and illness-related services and the occurrence of selected pregnancy outcomes among women with disabilities relative to women without disabilities. Findings In all states, women with disabilities were more likely than women without disabilities to have had continuous Medicaid coverage from preconception through the postnatal period. Women with disabilities were equally or less likely to have received adequate prenatal care compared to women without disabilities in the two study states with these data. They were also more likely to have had emergency room visits, hospital admissions during pregnancy, cesarean deliveries, and readmissions within 3 months of delivery in all study states. We also found women with disabilities to have been more likely to deliver preterm and low birthweight infants. Conclusion Our results suggest that opportunities exist to improve access to prenatal care among women with disabilities enrolled in Medicaid under blind and disabled eligibility categories who become pregnant.
Numerical simulation of growth pattern of a fluid-filled subsurface crack under moving hertzian loading

Cracking of a fluid-filled subsurface crack is studied by means of the distributed dislocation technique within the framework of two-dimensional linear elastic fracture mechanics. The Griffith crack was initially opened by the application of hydrostatic pressure of an incompressible fluid within the crack. A moving Hertz line contact load distribution is applied at the surface of the half-plane in the presence of friction. The stress intensity factors at the tips of the fluid-filled crack are analyzed with the restriction that due to the fluid incompressibility there is no change of the crack-opening volume. When the crack starts to propagate/kink, numerical results show that the internal fluid pressure will be relieved, and as the ratio of the branched crack length to main crack length increases, the elastic strain energy release rate decreases. The crack growth is assumed to be arrested when the energy release rate is below a certain value. Based on the energy criterion, predictions are attempted for determining the load position where the crack propagation/kink commences as well as the growth increment of the branch crack before it is arrested. A step-by-step crack path is constructed to simulate the growth pattern of the fluid-filled crack under moving Hertzian loading.