cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic characteristics in right ventricular vs biventricular pacing in patients with paced right bundle-branch block QRS pattern.

Abstract Background A paced right bundle-branch block (RBBB) QRS morphology is present in most patients with biventricular pacing (BiVP) but is also present in some patients with right ventricular pacing (RVP). The aim of this study was to determine if there are electrocardiographic characteristics that distinguish BiVP from RVP in patients with a paced RBBB QRS pattern. Methods Twelve-lead–paced electrocardiograms (ECGs) were analyzed from 356 consecutive patients (302 RVP and 54 BiVP). Further analyses were performed on those ECGs with a paced RBBB morphology, which included QRS pattern, axis, amplitude, and precordial transition. Chest radiography and coronary sinus venography were used to determine the location of the pacing leads. Results Fifty (16.6%) of 302 RVP ECGs and 50 (92.6%) of 54 BiVP ECGs had RBBB-paced morphology, respectively. Electrocardiographic characteristics identified in this study with a paced RBBB QRS morphology that are associated with RVP but not with BiVP ( P 1 , and a late QRS transition beyond lead V 3 . Biventricular pacing had shorter mean–paced QRS duration than did RVP and was associated with right superior quadrant mean frontal QRS axis ( P P 2 ) was significantly associated with a more posterior LV lead location ( P Conclusions Even among patients with a paced RBBB QRS pattern, the 12-lead ECG can help distinguish RVP from BiVP and determine LV lead location during BiVP. This information may be useful in evaluating nonresponse to BiVP resulting either from LV noncapture (with consequent RVP) or from suboptimal LV lead location during BiVP.
Adolescents' Cognitive Appraisals of Cigarette Smoking: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory1

High-school students (N = 690) provided their cognitive appraisals of protection motivation theory (PMT; Prentice-Dunn & Rogers, 1986) factors in the context of cigarette smoking. A logistic regression analysis revealed that PMT predicted adolescents' current smoking behavior. Cognitions, including greater personal vulnerability to smoking-related diseases, minimizing the severity of the consequences of smoking, perceiving adolescent male smokers to be popular and mature, and perceiving limited health benefits for not smoking were found to be significant predictors of current smoking behavior. Intending to quit smoking in the near future was related to smoking occasionally, as opposed to regularly, and to perceiving the long-term risks of smoking to be severe. Possible applications for intervention programs are discussed.
Communication and development: A review essay

(1972). Communication and development: A review essay. Today's Speech: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 69-72.
Women in tourism: Shifting gender ideology in the DR

The purpose of this study is to explore the ways in which the employment of women in the tourism industry has challenged or reinforced the traditional machismo–marianismo gender ideology in the Dominican Republic. Semi-structured individual, coupled, and group interviews were conducted in 12 coastal communities to investigate residents’ perceptions about gender ideology as it intersects with the employment of women in tourism. The findings reveal tourism employment as a source of opportunity, with women gaining economic and social independence, but also conflict as women and men negotiate new gender roles and identities. Emphasizing issues such as the double workload, negotiating domestic tasks with partners, and tension resulting from employment, this study illuminates the pressing practical needs of Dominican women.
Assessment of gross tumor volume regression and motion changes during radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer as measured by four-dimensional computed tomography

Purpose: To investigate the magnitudes of the changes in mobility and volume of locally advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors during radiotherapy, using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). Methods and Materials: Five to ten 4DCT data sets were acquired weekly for each of 8 patients throughout treatment. Gross tumor volumes (GTVs) were outlined on each data set. Volumes and coordinates of the GTV centroids were calculated at the 0 (end-inspiration) and 50% (end-expiration) respiration phases. Trends in magnitudes of intrafraction and interfraction positional variations were assessed for the GTV and internal target volume (ITV) during treatment. Results: Tumor volume reduction ranged from 20% to 71% (end-inspiration) and from 15% to 70% (end-expiration). Increased tumor mobility was observed in the superior–inferior and anterior–posterior directions. However, no trends in tumor motion were observed. Motion along the superior–inferior direction was significantly greater ( p p = 0.049) increase in total GTV positional variation was observed with increasing treatment weeks, and similar results were seen for the interfractional ITV mobility. Conclusions: Because of changes in tumor size and mobility, an explicit initial determination of the ITV may not be sufficient, especially where small setup margins are used. Repeat 4DCT scans might be warranted for highly mobile tumors to reduce the potential for missing the tumor.
Regulation of the mouse alfaB-crystallin and MKBP/HspB2 promoter activities by shared and gene specific intergenic elements: the importance of context dependency

The closely linked (863 bp), divergently arranged mouse myotonic dystrophy kinase binding protein (Mkbp)/HspB2 and small heat shock protein (shsp)/alfaB-crystallin genes have different patterns of tissue-specific expression. We showed previously that an intergenic enhancing region (-436/-257 relative to alfaB-crystallin transcription start site) selectively activates the alfaB-crystallin promoter in an orientation-dependent manner (Swamynathan, S.K. and J. Piatigorsky 2002. J. Biol. Chem. 277:49700-6). Here we show that cis-elements alfaBE1 (-420/-396) and alfaBE3 (-320/-300) functionally interact with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and Sp1, respectively, both in vitro and in vivo. alfaBE1:GR regulates both the HspB2 and alfaB-crystallin promoters, while alfaBE3:Sp1 selectively regulates the alfaB-crystallin promoter, as judged by mutagenesis and co-transfection tests. Enhancer blocking assays indicate that the -836/-622 fragment can act as a negative regulator in transfection tests, raising the possibility that it contributes to the differential expression of the proximal HspB2 promoter and distal alfaB-crystallin promoter. Finally, experiments utilizing transiently transfected cells and transgenic mice show that two conserved E-box elements (-726/-721 and -702/-697) bind nuclear proteins and differentially regulate the HspB2 and alfaB-crystallin promoters in a tissue-specific manner. Taken together, our results indicate that the linked, differentially expressed HspB2 and alfaB-crystallin genes have evolved shared and promoter-preferred cis-control elements within the intergenic sequence. The context-dependency of cis-elements provides multiple opportunities for evolutionary novelty by small sequence changes.
Effects of rotation on a nonaxisymmetric chimney convection during alloy solidification

Abstract Nonlinear buoyancy-driven convection in the melt and in cylindrical chimneys within a mushy layer during alloy solidification is investigated under a high-gravity environment, where the rotation axis is inclined at an angle γ to the high-gravity vector. In the final form of the solidified material these chimneys produce freckles, which are imperfections that reduce the quality of the solidified material. Asymptotic and scaling analyses are applied to a nonaxisymmetric convection in the finite Prandtl number (Pr) melt and in the chimneys. It is found that there are Pr- and rotation-dependent ranges where the wall of chimneys may or may not be vertical. There are also γ-, P r - and rotation-dependent ranges, where convection in the chimneys can increase or decrease with increasing rotation rate. The results are generally in agreement with available experimental observations.
Non-orientable foam and an effective planck mass for point-like fermions

Abstract A path-integral formalism is used to describe the propagation of fermions on spacetime foam in which virtual non-orientable handles are present. Because 2-component spinors cannot be defined on a non-orientable background, non-orientability is incompatible with chiral symmetry. Every fermion must have a partner (mirror fermion) with opposite chirality, that couples in the same way to the gauge bosons. Fermions appear to acquire an effective mass of the order of the Planck mass from propagation through non-orientable factors of the topologyy (a mechanism first suggested by Zel'dovich). A lower limit on the intrinsic size of leptons and quarks is apparently required to avoid excessively large masses. If one includes in the path integral a sum over all spinor structures, the effective mass arising from this mechanism is suppressed, but mirror fermions are still required. If one replaces the usual definition of parity by CP and assumes that only CP-reversing handles occur, and if, in addition, one sums over spinor structures, one can avoid both mirror fermions and a Planck-size effective mass for point fermions. However, in the context of a Kaluza-Klein theory, the restriction to CP-reversing handles is unnatural: both CP- and P-reversing handles can occur as vacuum fluctuations.
Serum luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and thyroxine and growth responses of ram lambs fed locoweed (Oxvtropis sericea) and treated with vitamin e/selenium

Sixteen ram lambs (5 mo old, 45 ± 1.5 kg) received a control diet (50% concentrate, no locoweed, n=4), locoweed (20% locoweed for 21 d, n=4), MUSE (2 mL i.m. of MUSE containing 5 mg selenium and 50 mg vitamin E/mL, n=4) on Days 21 and 35([Day 0 = first day of trial]), or locoweed + MUSE (n=4). The rams were maintained in individual pens (3 × 9 m) with free access to feed, water, salt and shade. On Day 7 after initiating locoweed, serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) increased (P 0.10) AP or T4. Locoweed-fed rams had reduced (P 0.50). Neither locoweed nor MUSE affected serum LH before or after GnRH administration on Day 22 (P > 0.10). On Day 50, however, area under the LH curve (AUC) was 966 units in locoweed-fed rams and 1,373 units ( ± 154) in controls (P = 0.09). Serum testosterone (T) was reduced in locoweed-fed rams before and after (P < 0.05) GnRH on Day 22. On Day 50, the T AUC was numerically lower (P = 0.14) in locoweed-fed rams (1,252 units) than in controls (1,539 ± 130 units). Conversely, MUSE treatment resulted in increased (P = 0.02) T AUC on Day 50 (1,148 and 1,643 ± 130 units in control and MUSE-treated ram lambs, respectively). During the 6-wk period after locoweed feeding, serum immunoglobulin G averaged 14.0 and 18.6 ( ± 1.1) mg/mL in control and locoweed- fed rams (P < 0.01), respectively. Twenty percent dietary locoweed for 21 d exerts adverse effects on feed intake, growth, and reproduction in young ram lambs and MUSE was not effective in reversing these effects,
Rocking instability of free-standing statues atop slender viscoelastic columns under ground motion

Abstract The highly complex rocking response of free-standing statues atop multi-drum columns underground excitation resulting in insuperable difficulties for obtaining reliable solution is reexamined analytically. This is achieved after simulating the columns by monolithic viscoelastic cantilevers having structural damping, based on experiments, equivalent to the energy dissipation due to impact and sliding of multi-drum columns. Subsequently, the conditions of rocking (overturning) instability of free-standing rigid blocks (representing the statues) after their uplift from the top surface of the laterally vibrating cantilevers, are established, including overturning with or without impact. Attention focuses on the minimum amplitude ground acceleration which leads to an escaped motion through the vanishing of the angular velocity and acceleration. Maximization of such a minimum amplitude (implying stabilization) of the rigid block is obtained by seeking the optimum combination of values of the slenderness ratio of the column and its height. Analytically derived results based on linearised analyses are in excellent agreement with those obtained via nonlinear numerical analyses.
The distal centriole in guinea pig spermiogenesis.

Developmental changes in the distal centriole were studied in guinea pig testicular tissue exposed to ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA) with or without acetylation, after glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide fixation. Caudal portions of the striated columns are synthesized initially around the distal centriole. Their further development is promoted by transient centriolar derivatives that develop in the core of the flagellum—dense rods enclosed by cylindrical structures. An E-PTA stained matrix accumulates around the centriolar triplets. Portions of the matrix remain in the sperm and form an internal coat on the coarse fibers rostral to the axial filaments. The peripheral doublets contact this dense material. Both the dense matrix, derived from the centriole, and the lateral cortex of the coarse fibers stain identically with E-PTA. Their staining reaction differs from that of the opaque doublet subfilament. The implications of these findings for motility are discussed.
Innovation of automotive software development

As automotive electronics systems are getting lager and more complex, much more capability of software development is now indispensable to us automotive suppliers. In this presentation we show automotive software trend and features, then show our activities to realize more efficient software development.
Bounds on tracking error using closed-loop rapidly-exploring random trees

This paper considers the real-time motion planning problem for autonomous systems subject to complex dynamics, constraints, and uncertainty. Rapidly-exploring random trees (RRT) can be used to efficiently construct trees of dynamically feasible trajectories; however, to ensure feasibility, it is critical that the system actually track its predicted trajectory. This paper shows that under certain assumptions, the recently proposed closed-loop RRT (CL-RRT) algorithm can be used to accurately track a trajectory with known error bounds and robust feasibility guarantees, without the need for replanning. Unlike open-loop approaches, bounds can be designed on the maximum prediction error for a known uncertainty distribution. Using the property that a stabilized linear system subject to bounded process noise has BIBO-stable error dynamics, this paper shows how to modify the problem constraints to ensure long-term feasibility under uncertainty. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the closed-loop RRT approach compared to open-loop alternatives.
Compensatory Hypertrophy and Adaptation in the Cortical Collecting Duct

The cortical collecting duct (CCD) undergoes hypertrophy and functional adaptation following reduction of renal mass. The nature and mechanisms of these changes have been investigated using microperfusion of isolated CCD from rabbit remnant kidneys. By 1 week after reduction of renal mass, tubule hypertrophy and increased sodium transport are fully developed. The transport adaptations are specific or selective, since bicarbonate transport in these CCD is unchanged. Mineralocorticoids may play an important role in the hypertrophy and increased sodium transport, since plasma aldosterone increases early after reduction of renal mass. Also, adrenalectomy abolishes the changes in size and sodium transport, even with supplementation of aldosterone to unstressed physiologic levels. Epidermal growth factor also has immediate effects on CCD sodium transport; however, the direction of the effect is opposite—an inhibition of transport.
Using TCAS surveillance to enable legacy ADS-B transponder use for in-trail procedures

In-Trail Procedures (ITP) is an application of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) that allows aircraft to change flight levels in areas where current non-radar separation standards would prevent desirable altitude changes. The ITP avionics receive ADS-B Out position reports from aircraft at intermediate flight levels that could be blocking the desired climb or descent maneuver. The most recent standard for ADS-B broadcast is RTCA/DO-260B [1]. This is also known as Version 2. Equipage is mandated by 2020 in the US for the same aircraft that carry transponders. Equipage is mandated in Europe by 2015 for forward fit aircraft and by 2017 for retrofit aircraft. Standards have been developed for the ADS-B data accuracy requirements for ITP [2, 3]. The standards are straightforward to apply to aircraft equipped with transponders certified to DO-260B [1]. The standards are less straightforward to apply for aircraft equipped with transponders certified to the earlier standards of ADS-B, which are known as Version 0 or Version 1 [4, 5]. This paper shows that crosschecking ADS-B data with Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) data is an effective mitigation technique for uncertain ADS-B horizontal position accuracy and integrity for legacy Version 0 and Version 1 ADS-B transponders.
Wind tunnel simulation of the turbulence in the surface layer

Abstract The flow in the atmospheric surface layer is analyzed and discussed with emphasis on those properties which are essential for the prediction of wind loads. Four different flow categories can be recognized which are based primarily on flow observations for various terrain roughness classifications. Simulation of the turbulence is considered to be more essential than simulation of the mean wind profile. Properly conducted boundary layer windtunnel tests need to accommodate the turbulence in each of the four categories, which should also include the small-scale turbulence content in the incident flow. In the case topographic variations control the terrain roughness (complex terrain), current simulation techniques seem to be inadequate.
Home-Range Size and Site Tenacity of Overwintering Le Conte's Sparrows in a Fire Managed Prairie

Abstract We evaluated home-range size and site tenacity of Le Conte's Sparrows (Ammodramus lecontii) during winter 2002–2003 at Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge, Texas. Twenty-six wintering Le Conte's Sparrows were radiomarked in 1- and 2-year post-burn units, and monitored for ∼10 days. Additionally, 1-ha plots on each 1-, 2- and 3-year (n = 15) post-burn units were flush-netted once monthly. Telemetry results indicated Le Conte's Sparrows were sedentary during winter with a 50% probability mean home-range of 2.41 ha (72% < 1 ha) and a 95% probability mean home range of 10.31 ha (44% < 1 ha and 55% < 1.5 ha). Home-range size did not differ between post-burn year 1 and 2 (P = 0.227). Le Conte's Sparrows appeared to exhibit a behavioral response to flush-netting (P < 0.001) with estimated capture probability of 0.462 and recapture probability of 0.056. Our findings suggest Le Conte's Sparrows remain fairly sedentary throughout the winter.
"Lasting Impressions: Adolescents With Cancer Share How to Cope"—A Videotape Program

This article discusses the production of a videotape program for newly diagnosed adolescent cancer patients and their parents. The video was developed as a goal of the members of Lasting Impressions, a support program for adolescent cancer patients and their parents. The patients wanted to help other patients realistically understand the stresses they would encounter and learn ways to cope with them. The project is unique in that the patients developed the content, wrote the script, and starred in the production. This article details the various components of the project and describes the therapeutic goals achieved.
Data description and noise filtering based detection with its application and performance comparison

Abnormalities should be detected reliably so that corrective actions can be taken to maintain a high quality level of products. Fault or outlier detection provides early warning for a fault and identification of its assignable cause. The availability of large real-time datasets has motivated the study of data-driven approaches to fault detection. Recently, many powerful kernel-based nonlinear learning techniques have been developed and shown to be very effective tools. As one of one-classification methods, SVDD is able to define a boundary around samples with a volume as small as possible. This paper proposes a data description-based detection method combined with orthogonal filtering for enhanced detection abilities. The orthogonal filtering as a preprocessing step is executed before SVDD modeling to remove unwanted variation of data. The performance of the proposed method was demonstrated using data of two test processes. The case study has shown that the proposed method produces reliable detection results. In addition, the use of SVDD combined with orthogonal filtering step outperformed other one-class classification-based detection methods.
Quantum control mechanism analysis through field based Hamiltonian encoding

Optimal control of quantum dynamics in the laboratory is proving to be increasingly successful. The control fields can be complex, and the mechanisms by which they operate have often remained obscure. Hamiltonian encoding (HE) has been proposed as a method for understanding mechanisms in quantum dynamics. In this context mechanism is defined in terms of the dominant quantum pathways leading to the final state of the controlled system. HE operates by encoding a special modulation into the Hamiltonian and decoding its signature in the dynamics to determine the dominant pathway amplitudes. Earlier work encoded the modulation directly into the Hamiltonian operators. This present work introduces the alternative scheme of field based HE, where the modulation is encoded into the control field and not directly into the Hamiltonian operators. This distinct form of modulation yields a new perspective on mechanism and is computationally faster than the earlier approach. Field based encoding is also an important step...
Association of scabies with a bullous pemphigoid-like eruption.

Abstract We describe a patient with scabies who had an associated bullous pemphigoid-like eruption. Previous reports of this association have appeared in the literature. However, most case reports have described negative or nonspecific findings with direct immunofluorescence in contrast to the intense linear homogenous band of IgG and C3 found in our patient.
Production Scaleup of Reverse Micelle Synthesis

A wide range of techniques for the successful synthesis of nanosized materials have been developed recently. These procedures are sufficient for normal scientific investigation; however, for these materials to be incorporated into any practical application, the process for making them must be scalable to a larger volume. In this work, we focus on a published recipe for manganese zinc ferrite (MZFO) nanoparticles, which uses the reverse micelle synthesis technique. The normal bench-top synthesis has been scaled by a factor of 40 and successfully adapted to a 30-L pilot plant. The product of this synthesis is similar to the bench-top sample, which is also comparable to a ceramic MZFO standard. Through this work, we have demonstrated that the reverse micelle process is scalable to larger volumes.
Incidence of Developmental and Neuromotor Morbidity in Low-Risk, Low Birthweight Infants: Indication for Routine Developmental Evaluation in the First Year of Life. 1342

Purpose: To identify the incidence of developmental delay in a population of low birthweight infants not traditionally followed by developmental programs post discharge.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas: a comprehensive review of indications, techniques and long-term results using the Gamma Knife

Object This study reviews the long-term clinical results of stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of pituitary adenoma patients. Methods We reviewed the outcomes of 298 patients who underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent or residual pituitary adenomas. These results are compared to other contemporary radiosurgical series. Results Pituitary tumors are well-suited for radiosurgery, since radiation can be focused on a well circumscribed region, while adjacent neural structures in the suprasellar and parasellar regions are spared. The overall rate of volume reduction following stereotactic radiosurgery is 85% for non-secretory adenomas that are followed for more than 1-year. The rates of hormonal normalization in patients with hypersecretory adenomas can vary considerably, and tends to be higher in patients with Cushing’s Disease and acromegaly (remission rate of approximately 53% and 54%, respectively) when compared with patients who have prolactinomas (24% remission) and Nelson’s syndrome (29%) remission. Advances in dose delivery and modulation of adenoma cells at the time of radiosurgery may further improve results. Conclusions Although the effectiveness of radiosurgery varies considerably depending on the adenoma histopathology, volume, and radiation dose, most studies indicate that radiosurgery when combined with microsurgery is effective in controlling pituitary adenoma growth and hormone hypersecretion. Long-term follow-up is essential to determine the rate of endocrinopathy, visual dysfunction, hormonal recurrence, and adenoma volume control.
A Survey of College Counseling Facilities

Of 1,136 senior colleges surveyed in the United States, 71 per cent of the 415 responding reported that they had student counseling facilities. The median ratio was 1 counselor per 770 students; 18 per cent make use of graduate students as assistants; 8 per cent exclude certain groups of students from these facilities. The majority of counseling services are connected with student personnel divisions, and more than half routinely test entering freshmen for academic aptitudes or achievement, personality factors, or vocational interests. Over three-quarters offer optional testing of intelligence, personality factors, vocational and academic aptitudes, and vocational interests. Over half limit counseling to “normal” problems, and the largest specific orientation is Rogerian; most, however, consider their approach “eclectic.”
Ultrasonic characterization of lactose dissolution

Abstract The ultrasonic properties (at 2.25 MHz) of lactose solutions and suspension of lactose crystals (d ∼ 50 μm) were measured as a function of concentration (0–40 wt.%). Ultrasonic velocity increased linearly with concentration regardless of the state of dissolution of the lactose crystals while ultrasonic attenuation was low and concentration-independent when the lactose was dissolved and increased approximately linearly with the concentration of suspended crystals. Therefore the amount of lactose present and the state of dissolution can be determined simultaneously with single ultrasonic sensor. A sensor based on this principle was applied to a stirred tank and used to measure the time taken to mix powdered lactose into a solution and the time for the added lactose to dissolve.
Cytoarchitectonic distribution of zinc in the hippocampus of man and the rat

Zinc was measured in whole hippocampus and in hippocampal sub-regions by stable-isotope dilution mass spectrometry. In both man and the rat, the most zinc (102-145 ppm, dry weight) was found in the hilar region, the least (27-35) in the fimbria. The amount of zinc directly associated with mossy-fiber axons was estimated to be approximately 8% of the total zinc in the hippocampus, and the concentration of mossy-fiber zinc was estimated at 220-300 microM. Methodological and theoretical implications of the quantitative findings were discussed.
Influence of electric power quality on avionic design and weapon system effectiveness

Design of all avionic systems on future aircraft is tied to the past by MIL-STD-704. Despite dramatic advances in performance and reliability of the avionic equipments, the power conditioning section of each subsystem must still tolerate wide frequency swings on a transient basis, long power interruptions, large voltage transients, and unbalanced phase voltages. During the past decade, General Electric has deveopled the variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) generation equipment under sponsorship by the U.S. Navy and Air Force. The power quality available through VSCF systems represents a significant improvement over that required by MIL-STD-704. The weapon system improvements achievable through the use of this improved power were reviewed and assessed on existing production avionic subsystems. Proposed next generation avionic systems were also assessed to determine relative benefits achievable for new designs. Parameters considered were power dissipation, weight, volume, reliability, performance and cost. Data from this study on specific equipments was extrapolated to the avionic systems of future aircraft and cost and weight projections were made for both avionics and airframes.
Return of the Natives: Explaining the Development and Non-Development of Political Action by Indigenous Peoples in Democratic Political Systems

Studies of individuals or groups who might use violence or terrorism in pursuit of political goals often focus on the specific actions which these individuals or groups have taken and on the policies which defenders (that is, governments of states) against such actions may adopt in response. Typically, less attention is devoted to identifying the relevant preconditions of political action and possible escalation to violence and how or why potential actions may be obviated before they occur. In the context of democratic political systems, the present analysis addresses these issues via examination of indigenous peoples, who typically constitute tiny fractions of the population of the states or regions in which they reside, in terms of their past and present treatment by governments and the political actions, whether non-violent or violent, which individuals from these peoples have engaged or may engage. The specific peoples examined are Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders of Australia, Haudenosaunee of North America, Inuit of Canada, Maori of New Zealand, and Saami of Scandinavia.
Ammeter for the non-destructive measurement of high currents in superconductors

Abstract The construction and operation of an ammeter for the measurement of supercurrents is described. The ammeter consists of an LC circuit whose inductance is modulated by the proximity of a niobium diaphragm which is deflected away from a current carrying conductor. Resulting changes in its resonant frequency are related to the magnitude of the current in the conductor. Calibration and alternate methods of operation are described.
Host DNA replication or excision repair requirement for ultraviolet induction of bacteriophage lambda lysogens.

THE mechanism of prophage induction by radiation or chemical agents is unknown, although during the past decade a variety of hypotheses have been advanced1–6. Sussman and Ben Zeev7 have presented biochemical data that seem to favour the suggestion that DNA intermediates in repair of DNA damage are competitors with the prophage operators for represser binding. When sufficient represser is bound to these regions none remains for prophage repression and so induction follows7. A consequence of this hypothesis is the prediction that induction should not occur in the absence of these normal repair processes. Here we test and verify this prediction.
Macroscopic properties and microscopic structure in paper

Abstract A theory of paper elasticity was developed considering that paper fibers were flat ribbons joined to many other fibers by hydrogen bonds. When paper was stressed, the force was equalized for each interfiber bond without regard for the orientation of the fiber, and the fiber segments between bonds were distorted in the direction of the force. An analysis of literature experimental results shows that this theory can explain Young's modulus for paper. The theory was tentatively extended to discuss Poisson's ratio and, qualitatively, plastic flow behavior.
Evaluation of the prevalence of urinary tract infection in rural Panamanian women.

Objective Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common non-intestinal infection worldwide. In the developed world, incidence and prevalence of UTI would be similar owing to the relatively short duration of illness experienced by women with ready access to healthcare services. We hypothesize that, in the developing world, factors limiting access to care and those which may increase the likelihood of developing UTI, result in increased morbidity. This difference is reflected in an increased prevalence of UTI in regions where women suffer the effects of UTI for extended periods of time. Methods This study represents a cross sectional analysis of UTI prevalence in rural western Panama conducted over the course of a 3-day medical mission. All women 18–45 years of age reporting to the medical brigade clinic were tested for UTI by dipstick urinalysis and a brief history regardless of whether they themselves were presenting with a complaint. Results UTI was diagnosed clinically by providers in 29.8% of the women tested although only 21.15% of these same women met the evidence-based study criteria. This prevalence of 21.15% is seven times greater than reported by the Panamanian Ministry of Health. When comparing the effectiveness of clinical diagnosis relative to urinalysis by dipstick, a Kappa coefficient revealed only low moderate agreement (0.42; SE 0.0955). Conclusions The prevalence of UTI in rural western Panama is greater than would be expected based on prevalence data from either the US or Panamanian Ministry of Health and may represent an opportunity for targeted interventions, including educational programming about UTI prevention.
Wearable computing to enable robot microinteractions

High-level control of mobile robots currently requires use of a personal computer and traditional graphical user interface in the vast majority of cases. Such interfaces are not natural and frequently poorly suited to interacting with robots when tasking the robot to perform very short interactions requiring only brief commands. This is a problem that is especially acute for persons with disabilities. New technologies, such as Google Glass provide a variety of high quality sensors and an unobtrusive display which allows users to have a powerful robot control interface with them at all times. In this paper we present a system which provides the basic elements required in order for a user to interact with a robot using Glass. We also informally evaluate Glass as an input device, and present several examples of applications that this interface enables.
AIB induced chemical reactions at surfaces detected by SIMS

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been used to detect the reactions induced by active ion bombardment (AIB) of N + 2 on surfaces of pyrolytic graphite and a (100) Si crystal. The SIMS spectra exhibit ions of CN − , HCN − , H n C 2 N − ( n = 2, 3, 4), HN − , and SiN − , indicating that reactions take place with the graphite and silicon as well as adsorbed hydrogen on the surfaces.
The direct formate fuel cell with an alkaline anion exchange membrane

Abstract We demonstrate for the first time an operating Direct Formate Fuel Cell employing formate salts as the anode fuel, air or oxygen as the oxidant, a polymer anion exchange membrane, and metal catalysts at the anode and cathode. Operation of the DFFC at 60 °C using 1 M KOOCH and 2 M KOH as the anode fuel and electrolyte and oxygen gas at the cathode produces 144 mW cm−2 of peak power density, 181 mA cm−2 current density at 0.6 V, and an open circuit voltage of 0.931 V. This performance is competitive with alkaline Direct Liquid Fuel Cells (DLFCs) previously reported in the literature and demonstrates that formate fuel is a legitimate contender with alcohol fuels for alkaline DLFCs. A survey of the literature shows that a formate–oxygen fuel cell has a high theoretical potential, and the safe, renewable formate fuel does not poison the anode catalyst.
Consuming the Wor(l)d: A Six Course Meal on Gluttony

Of all sinning bodies the gluttonous body is the most public. Personal narrative, mediated body image, and the imperialist politics of economic virtue are considered in turn to derive a hermeneutics of abundance to oppose the modernist regime of scarcity, which I tie to a gnostic metaphysics.
Transpharyngeal Echocardiography Detection of a Left Internal Carotid Artery Stent

This case report describes a patient in whom a left internal carotid (LIC) artery stent was detected using a transpharyngeal approach during a transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) study. Using pulsed-Doppler interrogation, flow through and beyond the stent was characterized and restenosis was ruled out.
Dynamic constitutive behavior of Ti/TiB FGM under thermo-mechanical loading

An experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the thermo-mechanical constitutive behavior of a functionally graded material (FGM) under dynamic loading. Cylindrical specimens are machined from a titanium/titanium mono-boride (Ti/TiB)-layered FGM plate using electrical discharge machining (EDM). A Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus with infrared (IR) spot heaters is used to investigate the effect of temperature on mechanical response of the FGM material. A series of experiments are conducted at different temperatures and the stress–strain relation for different temperatures is obtained. The material showed high thermal softening at elevated temperatures resulting in a large reduction in compressive strength and an increase in failure strain.
Dimorphic variant of small cell carcinoma mimicking lymphoma.

We report an unusual case of dimorphic small cell carcinoma that showed variable morphologic features in different preparations to illustrate the difficulty in the distinction between small cell carcinoma (SmC) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) by fine needle aspiration (FNA). A 48-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis and tobacco abuse presented to the chest clinic. Physical examination revealed a 4-cm, indurated, erythematous nodule on his right neck along with a desquamating rash over his bilateral upper extremities, back and buttocks. A chest radiograph did not show evidence of infection or a mass lesion. An FNA was performed on the nodule and interpreted as suspicious for lymphoma with a recommendation to obtain fresh tissue for flow cytometry studies. Failing to return to clinic, the patient presented 2 months later with the neck mass which had doubled in size. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed that the neck mass now involved the sternocleidomastoid muscle extending into the mediastinum with prominent mediastinal lymphadenopathy. No mass lesion was detected in the lungs. An abdominal CT revealed multiple masses in the liver, which were interpreted as consistent with a lymphomatous process. Due to the patient’s poor clinical condition, including marked hyponatremia, instead of an excisional biopsy, a second FNA was performed but failed to yield diagnostic material. When the patient finally went to surgery, the majority of the tissue was inadvertently submitted in formalin precluding flow cytometric studies. Touch imprints made from a minute unfixed fragment showed that the malignant cell population was predominantly larger cells with a blastoid morphology
Fluid imbibition as a factor in estrogen-induced increase of prostatic weight in castrated rats

The mechanism by which estrogens inhibit castration atrophy has been investigated morphologically and biochemically utilizing ventral prostate from Copenhagen rats. The suppression of weight loss and gross edematous appearance of the prostate associated with the in vivo effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) could not be accounted for by DNA and protein synthesis. Increase in the fluid content in the tissues was confirmed by demonstration of significant increase in the ratio of wet/dry tissue weights. Light microscopy demonstrated that the main effects were on the stroma, characterized by large inter-glandular areas almost totally devoid of collagen resulting in an edematous appearance. Electron microscope studies showed an abundance of fluid localized adjacent to the capillary endothelium and some red blood cells indicating disturbances in capillary permeability. The combination of a prolactin secretion inhibiting agent with E2 partially prevented the fluid accumulation and weight increase produced by E2 alone, indicating an involvement of prolactin in the estrogen effect. Differences in blood prolactin concentration between strains of rats may influence the sensitivity of the prostate to estrogens.
Are the Original and Second Edition of the California Verbal Learning Test Equally Accurate in Detecting Malingering

This two-part study sought to determine the equivalence of the California Verbal Learning Tests (CVLT-1 and CVLT-2) in the detection of malingering in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic pain. Part 1 compared a variety of scores from the two versions in carefully matched patient groups. Part 2 used criterion groups (known-groups) methodology to examine the relative rates of false positive (FP) errors across the two versions. Participants were 442 TBI (CVLT-1 = 310; CVLT-2 = 132) and 378 chronic pain patients (CVLT-1 = 250; CVLT-2 = 128). Overall, the CVLT-2 was more difficult than the CVLT-1, with the chronic pain patients showing larger version effects than the TBI patients. The two versions of the CVLT were equally accurate in detecting malingering in TBI and chronic pain. However, they were not interchangeable. The use of CVLT-1 cutoffs with the CVLT-2 may result in an increased risk of FP error. Appropriate cutoff adjustment in clinical practice is recommended.
A novel high-speed silicon MSM photodetector operating at 830 nm wavelength

A novel high-speed silicon photodetector that operates at a wavelength of 830 nm is reported. It consists of a Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) detector that is fabricated on a 5-/spl mu/m thick silicon membrane. The detector has a measured -3 dB bandwidth of 3 GHz at 10 V, which is almost one order of magnitude larger than the reported bandwidth of conventional silicon MSM detectors as measured at 830 nm. The DC responsivity is 0.17 A/W, corresponding to an internal quantum efficiency of 60.5% and an external quantum efficiency of 25.4%. The large bandwidth and good responsivity at the wavelength of interest, combined with its low operating voltage and compatibility with most silicon integrated circuit technologies, make this detector a promising candidate for monolithic optoelectronic receiver circuits for use in short distance optical communication systems and computer interconnects. >
Microwave medical devices

This article describes several new microwave medical devices that either were or are being developed at MMTC, Inc. in cooperation with the following institutions: Celsion Corporation, Columbia, Maryland (microwave balloon catheters); Montefiore Medical Center (MMC), Bronx, New York (microwave balloon catheters, dual microwave antennas, and microwave poration); and the University of California at San Francisco (conformal array antennas). The individuals who developed these devices have previously published patents and articles that contain most of the material presented here. All of the medical devices described depend on the ability of microwaves to deeply penetrate into living tissues. The depth to which microwaves can penetrate tissues is primarily a function of the dielectric properties of the tissues and of the frequency of the microwaves. In general, the lower the water content of the tissue, the deeper a wave at a given frequency can penetrate. Also, at the frequencies of interest, the lower the frequency, the deeper is the depth of penetration into tissues with given water content.
Highly Efficient Induction of Protective Immunity by a Vaccinia Virus Vector Defective in Late Gene Expression

Vaccinia viruses defective in the essential gene coding for the enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) do not undergo DNA replication and do not express late genes in wild-type cells. A UDG-deficient vaccinia virus vector carrying the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus prM/E gene, termed vD4-prME, was constructed, and its potential as a vaccine vector was evaluated. High-level expression of the prM/E antigens could be demonstrated in infected complementing cells, and moderate levels were found under noncomplementing conditions. The vD4-prME vector was used to vaccinate mice; animals receiving single vaccination doses as low as 10(4) PFU were fully protected against challenge with high doses of virulent TBE virus. Single vaccination doses of 10(3) PFU were sufficient to induce significant neutralizing antibody titers. With the corresponding replicating virus, doses at least 10-fold higher were needed to achieve protection. The data indicate that late gene expression of the vaccine vector is not required for successful vaccination; early vaccinia virus gene expression induces a potent protective immune response. The new vaccinia virus-based defective vectors are therefore promising live vaccines for prophylaxis and cancer immunotherapy.
Similarity solutions for viscous vortex cores

Results are presented for a class of self-similar solutions of the steady, axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations, representing the flows in slender (quasi-cylindrical) vortices. Effects of vortex strength, axial gradients and compressibility are studied. The presence of viscosity is shown to couple the parameters describing the core growth rate and the external flow field, and numerical solutions show that the presence of an axial pressure gradient has a strong effect on the axial flow in the core. For the viscous compressible vortex, near-zero densities and pressures and low temperatures are seen on the vortex axis as the strength of the vortex increases. Compressibility is also shown to have a significant influence upon the distribution of vorticity in the vortex core.
Video file allocation over disk arrays for video-on-demand

A video-on-demand (VOD) server needs to store hundreds of movie titles and to support thousands of concurrent accesses. We define the 'access profile' as the number of concurrent accesses to each movie title that should be supported by a VOD server. A current high-end magnetic disk array can only support tens of MPEG-2 concurrent accesses, and it is necessary to replicate and/or stripe the hot movie files over multiple disk arrays. How to replicate, stripe and place the movie files over a minimum number of magnetic disk arrays such that a given access profile can be supported is an important problem. In this paper, we formulate and solve this problem. The result of this study can be applied to the design of the storage subsystem of a VOD server to economically minimize the cost or to maximize the utilization of disk arrays.
Prefrontal regions involved in keeping information in and out of mind.

Summary Goal-directed behaviour depends on keeping relevant information in mind (working memory) and irrelevant information out of mind (behavioural inhibition or interference resolution). Prefrontal cortex is essential for working memory and for interference resolution, but it is unknown whether these two mental abilities are mediated by common or distinct prefrontal regions. To address this question, functional MRI was used to identify brain regions activated by separate manipulations of working memory load and interference within a single task (the Sternberg item recognition paradigm). Both load and interference manipulations were associated with performance decrements. Subjects were unaware of the interference manipulation. There was a high degree of overlap between the regions activated by load and interference, which included bilateral ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, anterior cingulate and parietal cortex. Critically, no region was activated exclusively by interference. Several regions within this common network exhibited a brain–behaviour