cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Response to Different Auditory Stimuli in the Human Newborn

SUMMARY The relationship between the nature of auditory signals and the type of response made by two-day-old infants was investigated. Pure tones were not found to be effective stimuli, even when presented for a long duration. Pure tones which were ineffective when independently presented were effective when presented in combinstion with each other. Different combinations of tones resulted in different patterns of response. RESUME Types de reponse a des stimuli auditifs differents La relation entre la nature des signaux auditifs et du type de la reponse fournie par des enfants de deux jours a eteetudiee. Les sons purs meme de longue duree ne constituent pas des stimuli efficaces: les sons purs inefficaces lorsqu'ils sont presentes isolement se revelent au contraire actifs lorsqu'ils sont associes a d'autres. Differentes combinaisons de sons provoquent differents groupements de reponses. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Antwortmuster auf verschiedene akustische Reize Bei zwei Tage alten Kindern wurde untersucht, welche Beziehung zwischen akustischem Reiz und Reizantwort besteht. Reine Tone, selbst wenn man sie lange einwirken lieβ, erwiesen sich nicht als effektiver Reiz. Reine Tone, die allein gegeben unwirksam waren, waren jedoch in Kombination mit anderen Tonen wirksam. Verschiedene Tonkombina-tionen bewirkten unterschiedliche Antwortmuster. RESUMEN Esquemas de respuesta a diferentes estimulos auditivos Se investigo la relacion entre la naturaleza de las senales auditivas y el tipo de respuesta realizada por ninos de dos dias de edad. Los tonos puros se vio que no constituian estimulos efectivos, incluso si estaban presentes durante un largo tiempo. Tonos puros que eran inefectivos cuando se presentaban independientemente lo eran cuando se presentaban en combinacion entre si. Diferentes combinaciones de tonos daban lugar a diferentes esquemas de respuestas.
Elastic Constants of α -Phase Cu-Al Alloys

The three independent adiabatic elastic constants and their temperature derivatives have been measured near room temperature for single-crystal $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-phase Cu-Al alloys for compositions to 13 at.% Al using an ultrasonic pulse-superposition technique. The elastic shear constant ${C}_{44}$ increases linearly over this entire composition range. The elastic shear coefficient ${C}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\frac{1}{2}({C}_{11}\ensuremath{-}{C}_{12})$ decreases linearly with increasing Al content to approximately 7 at.% Al. For higher Al concentrations ${C}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ decreases at a greater rate. The measured bulk modulus $B=\frac{1}{3}({C}_{11}+2{C}_{12})$ decreases in a linear manner with increasing Al concentration. The temperature derivatives of the elastic constants are only weakly dependent upon alloy composition. The change in the Debye temperature ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{0}$ calculated from the elastic data is positive and in agreement with that determined calorimetrically. The changes in the elastic constants upon alloying have been corrected for the effects of lattice expansion. The corrected change in the bulk modulus $B$ upon alloying is positive. The corrected changes in the elastic shear coefficients extrapolated to 0 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K have been analyzed in terms of a generalized Fuchs theory of homogeneous deformation. It is concluded that a conduction-electron term must be considered in calculating the shear coefficients of copper along with the original electrostatic and ioncore repulsion terms, and that changes in this conduction-electron term with increasing Al content make a significant contribution to the changes in the elastic shear coefficients upon alloying. The results indicate an increase in conduction-electron density with increasing Al concentration.
Measuring outcomes of a pharmacist-run travel health clinic located in an independent community pharmacy

Abstract Objectives To describe the acceptance and refusal rates of travel-related vaccine and medication recommendations in a pharmacist-run travel health clinic, to evaluate the change in patient understanding of travel-related issues, to determine patient satisfaction with this clinic, and to determine factors influencing both patient acceptance and satisfaction. Setting Southern California (Claremont) between July 2007 and October 2008. Practice description Hendricks Pharmacy is an independently owned community pharmacy that is part of the Good Neighbor Pharmacy Provider Network. The pharmacy offers a range of services including home delivery, compounding, and blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol screenings. Practice innovation Comprehensive pharmacist-run travel health clinic. Main outcome measures Patient acceptance and refusal rates of pharmacist-made recommendations, changes in patient understanding of travel-related issues resulting from pharmacist counseling, and patient satisfaction with this travel health clinic. Results In a sample of 283 patients, overall patient acceptance of pharmacist-made recommendations was 84.7%. The primary reason for patient refusal of a recommendation was self-perceived low risk for infection. A subsample of patients (n = 82) completing a patient satisfaction survey found that 96% were satisfied with their overall visit. Patient satisfaction with the clinic and pharmacist services was correlated with overall patient acceptance. Conclusions The high rate of patient acceptance and satisfaction with this clinic supports adoption of pharmacists as nontraditional providers of travel health services.
Prediction of critical properties for Naphthacene, Triphenylene and Chrysene by Wang–Landau simulations

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potent atmospheric pollutants. There is however a lack of experimental data on the thermodynamic properties of those systems. In this work, we determine the vapor–liquid equilibria for a series of PAHs with 4 fused rings using Wang–Landau simulations in the isobaric-isothermal ensemble. From the simulation results we are able to predict the critical properties for Naphthacene ( T c = 1041 K, ρ c = 0.337 g/cm 3 and P c = 36.75 bar), Triphenylene ( T c = 1083 K, ρ c = 0.348 g/cm 3 and P c = 45.04 bar) and Chrysene ( T c = 1054 K, ρ c = 0.342 g/cm 3 and P c = 39.93 bar). The simulation results are in good agreement with correlations data for the critical point as well as with experimental data for the boiling point.
MYOSITIS ASSOCIATED WITH INFLUENZA B INFECTIONS

An epidemic of acute myositis affecting children occurred in Seattle during March-May, 1973, with most pediatricians seeing several cases. The disease was characterized by a prodrome of upper respiratory symptoms, fever, and headache, followed in several days by sudden onset of refusal to walk or abnormal gait with toe-walking. Gastrocnemius-soleus muscles were chiefly affected, being tender, swollen and painful. Muscle symptoms, although dramatic, resolved completely within 3-7 days without special therapy. Transient elevations of serum CPK or SCOT were noted in 16 of 17 patients tested. Influenza B virus was isolated from throat swabs of 11 of the 17 patients studied. One of the isolates was characterized, and was antigenically “intermediate” between the 1967-71 isolates and B/Hong Kong/5/72. Paired sera from 12 patients were tested for HI antibodies to strain B/Hawaii/3/73 (an “intermediate”); (4 patients had a greater than 4-fold titer rise, and 4 had detectable but lesser titer rises. No titer rises by CF testing were detected for 8 other respiratory agents. This unusual complication of influenza has been previously reported in Stockholm (1955), Toronto (1969-70) and Boston (1972). The distinctive clinical picture of dramatic but self-limited calf muscle myositis following a flu-like illness makes this a clearly recognizable syndrome which should not be confused with dermatomyositis.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 effectively transduces primary rat brain astrocytes and microglia

Recombinant adeno-associated virus-2 (rAAV2) under control of the chicken beta actin promoter/truncated CMV enhancer (CBA) was investigated for its ability to transduce primary cultures of rat brain neurons, microglia and astrocytes. This vector was highly effective in all three cell types in heparin-sensitive manners (astrocytes, microglia and neurons transduced by >98%, 75%, and 95%, respectively). However, astrocytes co-cultured with neurons were not transduced. rAAV2/CBA is an important new method for genetic manipulation of brain cells, though this may be modulated by interactions among cell types.
TC-99M RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS BASED ON A TERNARY LIGAND SYSTEM COMPRISED OF A WATER SOLUBLE PHOSPHINE

A series of Tc-99m-labeled, hydrazinonicotinamide (Hynic) functionalized biologically active molecules (BAMs) have been synthesized using different combinations of tricine and a water soluble phosphine (L) as ancillary ligands. One of these, DMP444, Tc-99m-(cyclo(D-Val-NMeArg-Gly-Asp-Mamb(5-(6-hydrazinonicotinylamido)hexanamide)))(tricine) (TPPTS) is currently in clinical trials as a thrombus imaging agent. The ternary ligand complex of a chemotactic peptide conjugate, Tc-99m-(fMLFKHynic)(tricine)(TPPTS) has been found to image infection in a rabbit model. The syntheses were performed in one step in high yield and high specific activity (∼20,000 Ci/mmol) and the complexes were shown to be stable for > 6 h in the reaction mixture and upon dilution. The advantages of this ternary ligand system for Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals include: the ability to form the complexes in high yield using low concentrations of the Hynic functionalized BAMs; stability both in vitro and in vivo; and the ability to tailor the li...
Single-cell cytokine profiles in normal humans: comparison of flow cytometric reagents and stimulation protocols.

Cytokines are produced and function at a micro environmental level; intracellular assessment has only recently become practically feasible. We used 3-color flow cytometry to examine surface and cytoplasmic antigens on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 18 normal donors, assessing the applicability/comparability of various directly conjugated anti-human cytokine reagents and stimulation protocols using separated cells or whole blood preparations. Interdonor variability far exceeded variability due to reagent or stimulation and separation techniques. Based on all results with various reagents, post 4–5.5 h stimulation with PHA/PMA/ionomycin, the range of the percents of T lymphocytes producing various cytokines included: γ-IFN-13.2–65.0%, IL-2-10.0–56.7%, and TNF-α-17.1–79.2%. Compared to CD8+ cells, CD4+ cells more often expressed IL-2 (mean 45.7% of CD4+ vs. 21.4% of CD8+, p<0.0001), less often expressed γ-IFN (18.5% vs. 55.3%, p<0.0001), and did not differ in TNF-α expression (52.9% vs. 59.4%). Of T cells producing γ-IFN, 64.8–100.0% also produced TNF-α and 3.5–100.0%, IL-2. Of T cells producing IL-2, 6.0–63.9% also produced γ-IFN and 37.6–100.0%, TNF-α. These results demonstrate the broad spectrum of cytokine patterns in normal human adults, as well as the usefulness and limitations of various currently available cytokine products.
Use of enzyme treatment to enhance reactivity of HLA and platelet‐specific antibodies in solid‐phase RBC adherence assays

BACKGROUND: Solid-phase RBC adherence (SPRCA) assays (Immucor) detect HLA and/or platelet-specific antibodies. Pretreatment of reagent platelets with enzymes was investigated to determine whether the sensitivity of the assay could be increased. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: SPRCA testing, following the manufacturer's directions, was performed on 51 sera from patients with either a positive SPRCA antibody screen, suboptimal clinical responses to platelet transfusions, and/or suspected immune thrombocytopenic purpura; testing was also performed following pretreatment of the reagent platelets with bromelin, papain, or ficin. Sera from 23 patients having negative routine SPRCA antibody screens and good clinical responses to transfusion were tested as controls. Lymphocytotoxic antibody testing was also performed on selected samples. The effectiveness of enzyme treatment was judged by the increase in the proportion of reagent platelets reacting with the sample and the observed reaction strengths. RESULTS: Pretreatments of reagent platelets with all three enzymes increased the reactivity of known antibodies and detected some HLA and platelet-specific antibodies that had not reacted in routine testing. The clinical significance of the antibody specificities detected only after enzyme pretreatment was verified by a correlation with results from transfusing antigen-negative units. Only occasional false-positive results after enzyme pretreatment were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of enzyme pretreatment of SPRCA screening strips can provide information that is useful in selecting appropriate units for transfusion.
Three trail making tests for use in neuropsychological assessments with brief intertest intervals

Practice effects in serial neuropsychological assessment have led to the use of alternate forms to measure change in cognitive functioning. The construct validity of three variants of the Trail Making Test was explored over a 3-week period in a sample of 158 undergraduate students. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a two-factor (sequencing-shifting) model was identified to best represent the data. Latent means structural analysis indicated the absence of order effects, lending support for the construct validity of the three tests. The study provides evidence that the three tests can be offered as potential alternative instruments in serial assessment.
Simplification of the Hamilton-Jacobi functional of general relativity

In follow-up of an earlier paper by Komar it is shown that the Lagrangian of general relativity can be chosen so thatS=∫pmngmnd3x. This result holds without the requirement of special boundary conditions.
On the origin of the lambda-type transition in heat capacity

Abstract The lambda-type transition in the variation of heat capacity with temperature consists of a narrow asymmetric maximum in phonon-driven heat capacity. Although it was not so labeled at the time, “the specific heat singularity in solid NH 4Cl", obtained by Simon in 1922 was the first true λ -anomaly to be discovered. Thereafter, the transition was discovered over a period of years in several cases. Sometime along the way, probably after its discovery in 4He, it became identified as the lambda-type transition. Analyses of the anomaly are effected in an attempt to find its origin and the parameters that characterize it.
Longitudinal effects of weight loss and regain on cytokine concentration of obese adults.

Objective To describe patterns of weight loss and regain and their effect on the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory cytokines adiponectin and IL-10 during a 24-month weight loss trial.
Asymmetric charge partitioning upon dissociation of DNA duplexes

Upon collisional activation, a series of DNA duplexes exhibited a significant degree of asymmetric dissociation with respect to charge partitioning among the single strands. That is, the charge states of the single strand product ions did not equal q/2 for even precursor charge states or (q + 1)/2 and (q − 1)/2 for odd precursor charge states (where q is the charge of the precursor). The factors that affect this asymmetric charge partitioning were assessed. The smaller, lower charged duplexes resulted in more symmetric dissociation compared with larger duplexes in higher charge states, which displayed a high degree of asymmetry upon dissociation. The composition of the duplexes influenced charge partitioning, with those containing a greater number of A/T base pairs showing more symmetric dissociation relative to the more G/C rich duplexes. The use of higher collisional energies resulted in significantly more asymmetric dissociation. Comparisons were made with the dissociation behavior previously studied for protein noncovalent complexes and past studies of the gas-phase conformations and dissociation of DNA complexes.
Voter Registration Drives and Black Voting in the South

The author examines a random sample of 3,000 black and white registered voters in Houston who registered during three specific time periods in 1976. Group A includes those registered as of 31 May 1976, group B those who registered during an intensive black voter registration drive in the summer of 1976 (1 June-31 August), and group C those individuals who registered after the drive but before the election in November of 1976. The actual voting records of these registrants were checked to see if they voted in the immediate presidential election of 1976 and the subsequent presidential election of 1980. Using the white voters as a comparison/control group, the author finds that the 1976 turnout level for black voters in the registration drive group is lower than that for blacks registered at the other two times but that the turnout level for the black B group is not excessively low. The author also finds that while there is substantial attrition in the 1980 voting for those group B blacks who voted in 1976, ...
A Passive and Portable System for Monitoring Heart Rate and Detecting Sleep Apnea and Arousals: Preliminary Validation

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Sleep Disorders Research Plan expresses a need for methods that can non-invasively monitor sleep characteristics. Forty subjects were tested using a novel, passive ballistocardiography-based system during an overnight study. We examined our system's ability to measure heart rate as compared to EKG while we also investigated our system's apnea and arousal detection capabilities as compared to conventional polysomnography. We found a strong correlation (r=0.972, p<0.0001) in average heart rate computed over 480 thirty-second epochs when our method was compared to EKG. Additionally, we achieved a sensitivity of 89.2% and specificity of 94.6% in the automated detection of apneas. Similarly we attained a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 96.2% in the detection of arousals. These preliminary results demonstrate the effectiveness of our portable ballistocardiography-based system as compared to polysomnography and show promise that high quality sleep assessment can be performed in a home environment
The precision of locomotor odometry in humans

Two experiments measured the human ability to reproduce locomotor distances of 4.6-100 m without visual feedback and compared distance production with time production. Subjects were not permitted to count steps. It was found that the precision of human odometry follows Weber's law that variability is proportional to distance. The coefficients of variation for distance production were much lower than those measured for time production for similar durations. Gait parameters recorded during the task (average step length and step frequency) were found to be even less variable suggesting that step integration could be the basis for non-visual human odometry.
On the ion contamination of atoms produced in a microwave discharge

The present study was undertaken to quantitatively measure the concentration of ions produced by a microwave discharge source commonly used in the production of atomic species. Using a double floating probe to monitor the ion content, the results indicate that the flow of ions was less than 1.8 × 10−6 times the total flow of particles from the discharge cavity. Due to the low ion mole fraction, it is concluded that ion-molecule reactions are not competitive with previousry reported atom-molecule reactions.
Does Airway Pressure Release Ventilation Offer Important New Advantages in Mechanical Ventilator Support

Airway pressure-release ventilation (APRV) is a mechanical ventilation strategy that is usually time-triggered but can be patient-triggered, pressure-limited, and time-cycled. APRV provides 2 levels of airway pressure (P(high) and P(low)) during 2 time periods (T(high) and T(low)), both set by the clinician. APRV usually involves a long T(high) and a short T(low). APRV uses an active exhalation valve that allows spontaneous breathing during both T(high) and T(low). APRV typically generates a higher mean airway pressure with a lower tidal volume (V(T)) and lower positive end-expiratory pressure than comparable levels of other ventilation strategies, so APRV may provide better alveolar recruitment at a lower end-inflation pressure and therefore (1) decrease the risk of barotrauma and alveolar damage in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), and (2) provide better ventilation-perfusion matching, cardiac filling, and patient comfort than modes that do not allow spontaneous breaths. However, if the patient makes a spontaneous breath during T(high), the V(T) generated could be much larger than the clinician-set target V(T), which could cause the end-inflation transpulmonary pressure and alveolar stretch to be much larger than intended or produced in other ventilation strategies. It is unknown whether a patient's inspiratory effort (and consequent larger V(T)) can damage alveoli in the way that mechanically delivered, positive-pressure breaths can damage alveoli in ALI/ARDS. Other ventilation modes also promote spontaneous breaths, but at overall lower end-inflation transpulmonary pressure. There is a dearth of data on what would be the optimal APRV inspiratory-expiratory ratio, positive end-expiratory pressure, or weaning strategy. The few clinical trials to date indicate that APRV provides adequate gas exchange, but none of the data indicate that APRV confers better clinical outcomes than other ventilation strategies.
Spectroscopic Measurements on an H- Ion Source Discharge

Spectral emission lines from an H- Penning surface-plasma source (SPS), the 4X source, are examined in the visible and near ultraviolet. Electron distribution temperatures are deduced from integral line-strength measurements. These temperatures are surprisingly low, about 0.5 eV. Electron density values of about 1.5 × 1014 cm-3 and H-atom energies between 2 and 2.6 eV are determined from the measured Balmer-line profiles. Assuming the H- energy is identical to the H-atom energy, an emittance limit of 0.006?·cm·mrad is deduced for this source with a 5.4-mm aperture.
The Caribbean Goblin Spider Genera Scaphioides and Hortoonops (Araneae, Oonopidae)

ABSTRACT The genus Scaphioides Bryant contains species that resemble those of Stenoonops Simon but lack the sternal and palpal synapomorphies of that genus and have a longitudinal ridge on the male endites, a short, wide male embolus, and a more heavily sclerotized epigastric scutum in females. As delimited by those characters, the genus is circum-Caribbean in distribution and contains at least 19 species, including 11 described as new: S. campeche from the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico, S. irazu from Costa Rica, S. bimini and S. gertschi from the Bahama Islands, S. camaguey, S. granpiedra, S. siboney, S. cobre, and S. yateras from Cuba, S. miches from Hispaniola, and S. reductoides from the Virgin Islands. The male of S. halatus (Chickering) is described for the first time. A new genus, Hortoonops, is established for three similar Caribbean species that lack the synapomorphies of both Stenoonops and Scaphioides, but are united by peculiar excavations on the anterior metatarsi that represent an extraordinar...
Blood glucose response to rescue dextrose in hypoglycemic, critically ill patients receiving an insulin infusion.

Background: There is inadequate guidance for clinicians on selection of the optimal dextrose 50% (D50W) dose for hypoglycemia correction in critically ill patients. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the blood glucose (BG) response to D50W in critically ill patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of critically ill patients who received D50W for hypoglycemia (BG 150 mg/dL), resulting in a 6.8% rate of overcorrection; 49% of hypoglycemic...
Operational abstractions of model transforms

Model transforms convert a model to another model or text. Transforms play a key role in model-driven engineering; therefore, it is essential for a transform user to understand the transform semantics. However, examining the transform code to obtain such understanding can be cumbersome and impractical. To address this, we present an operational abstraction of model transforms. The abstraction captures the essential transformation semantics in terms of the structure of the output and the influence of input-model elements on output fragments. Thus, the abstraction supports the transform user's perspective, which is focused on inputs and outputs, and is unconcerned with implementation details. We present an automated approach that uses a combination of selective path enumeration, forced execution of enumerated paths, and an offline trace-merging analysis to synthesize operational abstractions. We discuss different applications of the abstraction. We implemented our approach for XSLT-based model transforms and conducted empirical studies. Our results indicate that selective path enumeration can be highly effective in reducing the scope of path exploration, while ensuring that the abstraction is complete. Our user study illustrates that the abstraction can improve user efficiency in debugging faulty input models. Our final study shows the feasibility of using abstractions for two metamodel management tasks.
Spanning Tests on Public and Private Real Estate

Executive Summary. This study uses mean-variance spanning tests to examine the roles of public and private real estate in mixed-asset portfolios. The results suggest that the usefulness of includin...
Biased and Embodied Technical Change

In this chapter we focus on the technical change component of productivity growth. This is the component typically associated with innovation or shifts in the frontier of technology.
Fucosylation enhances activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against breast cancer

Fucosylation is a process by which fucose sugar groups are added to cell surface receptors. This process is mediated by fucosyl transferases that attach terminal fucose groups to acceptor molecules on the cell surface. Fucosylation of cord blood stem cells and human regulatory T cells (Treg) were shown to enhance cord blood engraftment and Treg homing to inflamed tissues. Since tumor tissues have a component of inflammation, we hypothesized that fucosylation of antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) ex vivo will enhance their migration into tumors and subsequent killing of tumor cells. Specifically we tested whether ex vivo fucosylation of CTL that target the HLA-A2 restricted HER2/neu-derived peptide, E75, enhances E75-CTL migration and cytotoxic functions.
Electron-Electron Double Resonance

ELDOR(electron-electron double resonance)is an acronym for that branch of double electron spin resonance in which two microwave frequencies participate. One of these, called the “pump” microwave source, irradiates a portion of the ESR spectrum. The effect of this irradiation on another portion of the spectrum is monitored by an observe microwave source. The effect derives from a transfer of saturation between spins that contribute to the signal intensity at the pumped spectral fragment and spins at the observed spectral fragment. By “saturation transfer” it is meant that the population difference at the observe location is no longer at the Boltzman population difference. Only the zcomponent of magnetization, in the vocabulary of the Bloch equations, is affected by saturation transfer. However, this zcomponent is not monitored directly, but rather indirectly by the observe microwave power, which itself induces a phase coherence along xor yin the rotating frame, thereby giving rise to an observable signal. The ELDOR effect is measured by the ELDOR reduction factor Rgiven by $$R = \frac{{(signal\,with\,pump\,off) - (signal\,with\,pump\,on)}}{{(signal\,with\,pump\,off)}}$$ (1)
Comprehensive High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Analysis of DNA Phosphate Adducts Formed by the Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone

The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 1) is a potent lung carcinogen in laboratory animals and is believed to play a key role in the development of lung cancer in smokers. Metabolic activation of NNK leads to the formation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts, a critical step in its mechanism of carcinogenesis. In addition to DNA nucleobase adducts, DNA phosphate adducts can be formed by pyridyloxobutylation of the oxygen atoms of the internucleotidic phosphodiester linkages. We report the use of a liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry technique to characterize 30 novel pyridyloxobutyl DNA phosphate adducts in calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) treated with 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKOAc, 2), a regiochemically activated form of NNK. A (15)N3-labeled internal standard was synthesized for one of the most abundant phosphate adducts, dCp[4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyl]dC (CpopC), and this standard was used to quantify CpopC and to estimate the levels of other adducts in the NNKOAc-treated CT-DNA. Formation of DNA phosphate adducts by NNK in vivo was further investigated in rats treated with NNK acutely (0.1 mmol/kg once daily for 4 days by subcutaneous injection) and chronically (5 ppm in drinking water for 10, 30, 50, and 70 weeks). This study provides the first comprehensive structural identification and quantitation of a panel of DNA phosphate adducts of a structurally complex carcinogen and chemical support for future mechanistic studies of tobacco carcinogenesis in humans.
Savers and Spenders: Fiscal Policy as a Potential Resolution to the Treasury Bond Premium Puzzle

This paper provides a possible explanation for the bond premium puzzle: Treasury bond risk premia that match historical averages are obtained in a full general equilibrium production economy populated by two types of households (savers-spenders) with constant relative risk aversion around 3. The spenders are financially constrained households who cannot save by purchasing Treasury bonds nor can they invest in capital. Strong output and government borrowing increase the probability of a saver remain as the saver type such that intertemporal consumption smoothing continues to be possible. With Epstein-Zin-Weil recursive utilities, the ability to optimize intertemporally raises the stochastic discount factor (SDF) of the representative saver as the agent's future wealth becomes riskier due to the prospect of switching to the spender type down the road. At the same time, large supply of Treasury debt depresses the price on long-term bonds in the non-Ricardian setting. Thus, long-term bond prices are low precisely when the SDF is high, resulting in large risk premia as investors demand greater compensation for holding long-term Treasury securities. Fiscal policy drives the long-term bond risk premium: shocks to government spending and shocks to tax rates account for almost all of the model-implied unconditional mean risk premium on 10-year nominal bonds.
Homotopy continuation of the high-order flux reconstruction/correction Procedure via reconstruction (FR/CPR) method for steady flow simulation

Abstract A homotopy continuation method is developed for the high-order flux reconstruction/correction procedure via reconstruction (FR/CPR) framework to solve hyperbolic conservation laws at steady states. The efficacy of homotopy continuation has been demonstrated using both one and two dimensional steady flow problems. For transonic/supersonic flows, the localized Laplacian artificial viscosity technique is used to stabilize high-order accurate schemes. With this technique, homotopy continuation shows good convergence properties for stiff steady transonic/supersonic shock-capturing problems. Besides, the developed homotopy continuation strategy for the high-order FR/CPR method can work robustly on steady shock capturing for a wide range of grid sizes and polynomial orders without parameter tuning in the localized Laplacian artificial viscosity.
Captured open book image de-warping using depth information

In this work, we discuss the use of depth information to correct the distortion due to the curved shape of the pages of an open book in captured images. This work is relevant to camera-based capture devices that can use a projector to cast structured light patterns to provide depth information. In order to improve the visual quality of captured documents, we use 3D shape reconstruction methods and geometric rectification to flatten the curvature of an open book. Shading correction is applied to the captured image, as well. Our models exploit specific prior assumptions about the nature of the printed material that is captured. The improvement in captured open book images obtained by using our method can be observed in the included experimental results.
Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on mouse brain synaptic plasma membrane proteome analyzed by mass spectrometry and 16O/18O labeling

Docosahexenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) plays an important role in development of proper brain function in mammals. We have previously reported that DHA promotes synaptogenesis and synaptic function in hippocampal neurons while DHA-depletion in the brain due to n-3 fatty acid deficiency produces opposite effects. To gain insight into underlying molecular mechanisms, we investigated whether the brain DHA status affects the synaptic plasma membrane (SPM) proteome by using nanoLC–ESI–MS/MS and 16O/18O labeling. The DHA level in mouse brains was lowered by dietary depletion of n-3 fatty acids, and SPM was prepared by differential centrifugation followed by osmotic shock. SPM proteins from DHA-adequate and depleted brains were analyzed by nanoLC–ESI–MS/MS after SDS-PAGE, in-gel digestion, and differential O18/O16 labeling. This strategy allowed comparative quantitation of more than 200 distinct membrane or membrane-associated proteins from DHA-adequate or depleted brains. We found that 18 pre- and postsynaptic prot...
The diagnostic vibrational signature of pentacoordination in heme carbonyls.

Heme-carbonyl complexes are widely exploited for the insight they provide into the structural basis of function in heme-based proteins, by revealing the nature of their bonded and nonbonded interactions with the protein. This report presents two novel results which clearly establish a FeCO vibrational signature for crystallographically verified pentacoordination. First, anisotropy in the NRVS density of states for νFe–C and δFeCO in oriented single crystals of [Fe(OEP)(CO)] clearly reveals that the Fe–C stretch occurs at higher frequency than the FeCO bend and considerably higher than any previously reported heme carbonyl. Second, DFT calculations on a series of heme carbonyls reveal that the frequency crossover occurs near the weak trans O atom donor, furan. As νFe–C occurs at lower frequencies than δFeCO in all heme protein carbonyls reported to date, the results reported herein suggest that they are all hexacoordinate.
Anxiety and depression in women with breast cancer and influencing factors in Guangzhou City

Objective To determine status of anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients after being discharged in community in Guangzhou and analyze their influencing factors. Methods Women who were not inpatient after being diagnosed with breast cancer and treated between 2010 and 2012 were recruited from 16 communities in Guangzhou using multistage cluster sampling for questionnaire survey. Contents of the questionnaire included demographic and clinical information,tumor family history,economic and psychological status,as well as self-rating anxiety scale( SAS) and self-rating depression scale( SDS).The Chi square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 245 questionnaires were recovered,with a recovery rate of 94. 2%( 245 /260). The average age of patients was( 57. 2 ± 11. 7) years old. Of the patients,50. 6%( 124 /245) had the educational level of high school and above and 57. 1%( 140 /245) were retirees. The average standard score of anxiety was( 35. 7 ±7. 7),higher than the national norm( 29. 78 ±10. 07)( P 0. 01). The average crude score of depression was( 38. 7 ± 9. 2). The proportion of breast cancer patients with anxiety and depression were28. 6%( 70 /245) and 49. 0%( 120 /245),respectively. Non-conditional logistic regression showed that1- 2 and more than 3 kinds of treatment side effects were risk factors of both anxiety and depression compared with no treatment side effects( anxiety: OR = 21. 9,12. 2; depression: OR = 6. 2,4. 8). A wish to obtain support from physicians was risk factor of anxiety relative to the one from family / friends( OR =2. 2). However,more attention from physicians and family history of cancer were protective factors of depression for breast cancer patients comparing to those with less physician's attention and without family history of cancer( both ORs = 0. 4). Conclusion The rates of anxiety and depression were higher in breast cancer patients in Guangzhou. We suggest to enhance the medical guidance and psychological intervention,reduce side effects of treatment,and improve the ability of patients to participate in social work,and increase communication between physicians and patients to reduce anxiety,depression,and other psychological problems.
Organopalladium Approaches to Prostaglandins. Part 8. Ethyl (Acetoxymercurio)acetate Approach to Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Analogues.

Norbornene (I) is coupled with the octenone (II) and the acetoxymercurioacetate (III) in the presence of a Pd(II) catalyst to yield the oxoalkenylnorbornylacetate (IV) as the main product, together with the bis(norbornanyl) derivative (V).
Proximity Without Consensus in Online Multiagent Optimization

We consider stochastic optimization problems in multiagent settings, where a network of agents aims to learn parameters that are optimal in terms of a global convex objective, while giving preference to locally observed streaming information. To do so, we depart from the canonical decentralized optimization framework where agreement constraints are enforced, and instead formulate a problem where each agent minimizes a global convex objective while enforcing network proximity constraints. This formulation includes online consensus optimization as a special case, but allows for the more general hypothesis that there is data heterogeneity across the network. To solve this problem, we propose using a stochastic saddle point algorithm inspired by Arrow and Hurwicz. This method yields a decentralized algorithm for processing observations sequentially received at each node of the network. Using Lagrange multipliers to penalize the discrepancy between them, only neighboring nodes exchange model information. We establish that under a constant step-size regime the time-average suboptimality and constraint violation are contained in a neighborhood whose radius vanishes with increasing number of iterations. As a consequence, we prove that the time-average primal vectors converge to the optimal objective while satisfying the network proximity constraints. We apply this method to the problem of sequentially estimating a correlated random field in a sensor network, as well as an online source localization problem, both of which demonstrate the empirical validity of the aforementioned convergence results.
U.S. government raises serious questions about reliability of U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food composition database.

A recent government report from the General Accounting Office concludes that some Handbook 8 nutritional data have so little documentation on how the data were produced that it is possible some nutrient values are not reliable, and that HNIS does not appropriately direct the generation of food composition data under its contracted laboratory studies. The report recommends that the Secretary of Agriculture direct the HNIS administrator to develop (a) specific quality assurance criteria for HNIS staff to use in evaluating food composition data obtained from others before the data are included in Handbook 8, and (b) procedures to better direct the generation of food composition data under HNIS' contracts.
Antecedents to Loyalty in Agency-Client Relations: The Impact of Long-Term Versus Short-Term Relationships

Both marketing theory and practice have experienced a paradigm shift toward relationship marketing, a concept that encompasses more collaborative, long-term relationships between supplier and client (Morgan and Hunt 1994). Collaboration is the process by which partners adopt a high level of purposeful cooperation to maintain a trading relationship over time. The successful relationships appear to be those where an overall balance of benefits is realized by member companies. Marginal success is often a result of the buyer and/or supplier abusing power or lacking a commitment to preserve the relationship (Nowak 1997).
Diagnostic testing for coronary artery disease in a large population.

Extensive public health programs are often proposed without a full appreciation of their effects on the target population. There is often a problem of confusing medical care that may be of benefit to an individual with care that may be of benefit to a population: care that may be highly beneficial for a selected patient may be substantially less effective for an unselected population. Exposing a large, asymptomatic population to diagnostic screening for coronary artery disease has cost and risk ramifications far beyond those of discovering people who might benefit from treatment of previously unsuspected disease. A program to screen 20 million people, and treat the most severely affected with coronary artery bypass graft, would cost nearly $9.2 billion. About $21,000 is spent to find each person with disease, while the cost is more than $169,000 for each person surviving surgical therapy. The cost per year of life extended is over $43,000. In excess of 8,000 persons have major complications and nearly 2,000 die from diagnostic testing and therapy. About half of major complications and deaths occur in persons without disease. This model integrating epidemiologic, economic, and decision analytic methods is presented to illustrate the potential use of myriad techniques in addressing population-based medical care and policy options; it does not provide the definitive answer, however, to the complex problem.
The Fell Topology for Dynamic Equations on Time Scales

In order to study the changing dynamics of solutions of a dynamic equation on time scales as the time scales change, we must determine appropriate topologies on the set of time scales and the set of solutions of dynamic equations. As a first step, we prove a natural characterization of the Fell topology on the space of time scales.
Effects of acute androstenedione supplementation on testosterone levels in older men.

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine the effects of acute androstenedione supplementation on hormone levels in older men at rest and during exercise. Men (n = 11) between the ages of 58 and 69 were divided into an experimental (n = 6; 62.33 ± 2.57 y) and control (n = 5; 60.2 ± 1.02 y) groups. Each participant received an oral 300 mg dose of either androstenedione (experimental) or a cellulose placebo (control) for 7 d. Pre- and post-supplementation participants completed two separate, 20-min strength tasks consisting of leg extension and leg curls at different percentages of their 10-RM. Researchers collected blood samples pre-, during, and post-exercise. Blood samples were analyzed for testosterone, androstenedione, and estradiol levels. The researchers found a significant difference between pre- (4.36 ± 56 ng/mL) and post- (5.51 ± 0.35 ng/mL) testosterone levels, as well as pre- (0.88 ± 0.20) and post- (7.46 ± 1.25) androstenedione levels, but no significant differences between pre- and post-...
Dynamics of Culture Frames in International News Coverage: A Semantic Network Analysis

A semantic network analysis was conducted to investigate how national political culture shapes news frames for international political coverage. Specifically, the Associated Press framed the Arab Spring as a process of pursuing democracy, a core value of American political culture, whereas Xinhua News Agency framed it as a crisis that challenged authority and the related stability, the central concerns of Chinese political culture. The results of the analysis of coevolution of cultural symbols indicate that competition between the two different cultural frames happened with the purpose of negotiating the meaning of the Arab Spring on the global stage.
Subsidence and sea level rise measurements for Houston and Galveston, Texas

The population growth rate in the Gulf of Mexico region is the highest in the United States. This area faces many natural hazards; sea level is rising, and as a result this region is experiencing coastal erosion, in some areas as much as 300 meters inland. Subsidence in conjunction with rapidly rising regional sea levels poses significant risks to coastal communities located within these regions now and in the foreseeable future. This research has investigated ground subsidence and rising sea-surface height occurring within the near vicinity of Galveston Bay by using radar altimetry, GPS, tide gauges, and extensometers. Results provided by radar altimetry found decadal variability (1992–2012) with average rates of sea level rise ranging between 3.0 and 4.0 mm/yr. Decomposition of this regions tide gauges by GPS regional norms are in strong agreement with trends computed from these altimetric sea level anomaly time series. In the vertical direction, the regions of Houston and Galveston were generally found to be stable. However, Seabrook and regions near the inlet of the Houston Ship Channel require continued monitoring due to recent rates of subsidence higher than surrounding areas and regional norms.
A review of recent literature on materialist and psychosocial models for racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes in the US, 2000-2014.

ABSTRACTObjective: Material and psychosocial factors exacerbate racial disparities in health outcomes. This review sought to ascertain recent knowledge of the effects of materialist and psychosocial factors on differences in low birthweight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PTD) outcomes between Black and White mothers.Design: Search and review was conducted for studies that examined: (a) neighborhood-level deprivation as an indicator of material conditions, and (b) racial discrimination or occupational stressors as indicators of psychosocial stress. The outcomes of interest were LBW and PTD.Results: Material and psychosocial factors significantly and negatively affected Blacks more than Whites, and were associated with increased adverse outcomes. Of five studies with a homogeneous Black study sample, three reported no effect on outcomes in women exposed to material or psychosocial factors.Conclusion: Through this review we find that in comparison to White women, Black women are at higher risk of adverse outcom...
Impact Biomechanics of the Thorax

The thorax occupies the upper part of the torso and contains the lung and heart that are enclosed by a rib cage. Of course, the lung, heart, and the great vessels are vital organs that need to be protected from external forces but the enclosure also needs to be expandable to assist in the respiratory function. The rib cage is capable of expanding the thorax and can provide some protection to the thoracic organs. However, for high speed impacts, the ribs are vulnerable to fracture. Although multiple rib fractures are serious injuries, the fracture of a rib or two is relatively minor. But, when cadavers are used to assess thoracic injury, rib fracture is the only measure because injuries to the heart and lung are generally not assessable in dead tissue. Because of the variability in human tolerance, the number of rib fractures and the number of fractured ribs cannot be correlated to the severity of injuries to the thoracic organs.