cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Promoting Communities of Practice and Parallel Process in Early Childhood Settings

On the job experiences such as collaborative teacher meetings can shape how early childhood educators grow professionally and how schools can develop communities of practice. However, the effect of conversations during teacher meetings on teacher practice is not fully understood. This yearlong qualitative case study examined the relationship between conversations during formal collaborative experiences and the actual classroom practice of early childhood teachers in a district, Head Start, and university lab school. Data sources included observations of teacher meetings and classroom practice, interviews with teachers and administrators, and ECERS-R ratings. Three factors contributed to the cultivation of productive communities of practice: (a) parallel processes that promoted the transfer of teacher talk into practices that enriched classroom environments; (b) administratively supported collective control of curriculum by teachers; and (c) use of protocols to guide conversations. Intentionally designed a...
Dynamic light scattering analysis of solutions from which lysozyme crystals grow

The variation of the friction factor was measured by photon correlation spectroscopy during isothermal growth of chicken egg white lysozyme crystals. It was observed to initially increase to a maximum as crystals formed, and then to decrease to a constant value. The change in the friction factors was measured as a function of temperature at concentrations of lysozyme varying from one sufficiently low that molecular interactions were undetectable to concentrations near those at which crystals grow in solutions, in all cases the ionic strength was below that required for crystallization.
Neutron Total Scattering Analysis of Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles are entering many aspects of our lives as they often possess properties their bulk counterparts lack. The arsenal of structural characterization techniques for bulk materials is well established. In the case of nanomaterials these tools are just starting to emerge. In this paper the total scattering approach applied to nanomaterials and the promises it holds are discussed.
Topological control of spin states in disjoint diradicals.

The meta- and para-bis-allylbenzene radical anions have been generated and investigated using mass spectrometry. The ions are formed by reaction of the corresponding bis-2-propenylbenzenes with atomic oxygen anion. Reactivity of the ions indicates that the ions most likely have a bis-allylbenzene structure. Reaction of the ions with carbon disulfide creates CS2 adducts, which, upon collision-induced dissociation, decompose to regenerate the bis-allylbenzene anion or carbon disulfide radical anion. The branching ratios for the two products indicate differences in the electronic structures of the neutral bis-allylbenzene diradicals. The difference in branching ratios and corresponding estimated electron affinities is interpreted in terms of different electronic states being formed, with the para diradical a singlet and the meta diradical either a ground-state triplet or a singlet with a very small singlet−triplet splitting. The difference in electron affinities is used to estimate a singlet−triplet splittin...
Comparison of Nitric Oxide Removal by Cyanuric Acid and by Ammonia

Abstract Selective, non-catalytic techniques for removing nitric oxide (NO) from the exhaust gases of combustion processes include the addition of cyanuric acid, ammonia, or urea to the hot exhaust. This paper compares the effects of temperature and exhaust gas composition on the cyanuric acid (CA) and the ammonia (NH3) nitric oxide reduction processes and examines the decomposition of dry urea. The experiments were conducted in an electrically heated quartz flow reactor using mixtures of N2, 02, H2, H2, O, CO, and NO that simulated exhaust gases from overall lean hydrocarbon combustion processes Comparison of the CA and the NH3 nitric oxide reduction processes shows that the effects of the exhaust O2, H2, O, and CO concentrations on the NO reduction level and the temperature range over which the NO reduction occurs are different for each process. The comparison also shows that the by-products of each process are different for some conditions. These differences indicate that the detailed chemical mechanis...
Misconception correction through reading in the treatment of a self-injection phobia

Abstract The treatment is described of a misconception-based self-injection phobia in a 31 yr old female diabetic pursuing a career in experimental psychology. In the light of her interest in the scientific method and the value of objective data, treatment consisted of prescribing self-exposure to relevant literature which revealed that her fears had no objective basis. Psysiological, behavioral, self-report, and daily SUDs data indicated rapid treatment effects which were maintained at 1 month and 1 yr follow-up.
Spatial Planning of Shrimp Farming in the Patos Lagoon Estuary (Southern Brazil): An Integrated Coastal Management Approach

Abstract In recent years, aquaculture has been growing all over the world. In the estuarine region of Patos Lagoon (southern Brazil), small pilot shrimp farms are being developed by the Mariculture Laboratory at the FURG. Despite its current growth, environmental information on the appropriate places for its development and expansion is lacking, making it a high-risk activity. In this study, GIS tools are used to identify the most appropriate aquatic sites for small shrimp farms and present a methodological approach for the spatial planning of aquaculture in the Patos Lagoon Estuary. The main criteria taken into account are accessibility, proximity of fishing villages, distance from pollution sources, salinity, bathymetry and legal constraints. An integrated analysis of these parameters using spatial analysis techniques is carried out. This powerful method brings together a variety of data for decision-making in aquaculture. The result is a continuous surface ranging from the least suitable to the most su...
A new symmetry group of real self-dual Yang-Mills theory

Abstract A new infinite parameter symmetry group is found for real self-dual Yang-Mills theory in four euclidean dimensions. Whereas the gauge potentials transform under a group including local gauge transformations and Kac-Moody-like transformations, the gauge invariant object tr P exp(∮A·dξ) is seen to carry a representation of the Kac-Moody symmetry. Four-dimensional Polyakov loop-space currents restricted to the self-dual sector are constructed from this algebra.
Women's land ownership and risk of HIV infection in Kenya.

Abstract Theory predicts that land ownership empowers women to avoid HIV acquisition by reducing their reliance on risky survival sex and enhancing their ability to negotiate safer sex. However, this prediction has not been tested empirically. Using a sample of 5511 women working in the agricultural sector from the 1998, 2003 and 2008–09 Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys, we examined the relationship between women's land ownership and participation in transactional sex, multiple sexual partnerships and unprotected sex, and HIV infection status. We controlled for demographic characteristics and household wealth, using negative binomial and logistic regression models. Women's land ownership was associated with fewer sexual partners in the past year (incidence rate ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95–1.00) and lower likelihood of engaging in transactional sex (odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46–0.99), indicators of reduced survival sex, but was not associated with unprotected sex with casual partners (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.35–1.18) or with unprotected sex with any partner among women with high self-perceived HIV risk (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.57–1.84), indicating no difference in safer sex negotiation. Land ownership was also associated with reduced HIV infection among women most likely to engage in survival sex, i.e., women not under the household headship of a husband (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18–0.89), but not among women living in husband-headed households, for whom increased negotiation for safer sex would be more relevant (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 0.92–3.29). These findings suggest that reinforcing women's land rights may reduce reliance on survival sex and serve as a viable structural approach to HIV prevention, particularly for women not in a husband's household, including unmarried women and female household heads.
Large‐amplitude transmitter‐associated and lightning‐associated whistler waves in the Earth's inner plasmasphere at L < 2

We report observations of very large amplitude whistler mode waves in the Earth fs nightside inner radiation belt enabled by the STEREO Time Domain Sampler. Amplitudes range from 30.110 mV/m (zero ]peak), 2 to 3 orders of magnitude larger than previously observed in this region. Measurements from the peak electric field detector (TDSMax) indicate that these large ]amplitude waves are prevalent throughout the plasmasphere. A detailed examination of high time resolution electric field waveforms is undertaken on a subset of these whistlers at L 100 keV) electrons on a time scale of <1 s and thus may be an important previously unaccounted for source of energization or pitch ]angle scattering in the inner radiation belt.
Toward an Ethnic Studies Pedagogy: Implications for K-12 Schools from the Research

In direct contrast to Arizona’s criminalization of Ethnic Studies in Arizona, the San Francisco Unified School District’s Board of Education unanimously adopted a resolution to support Ethnic Studies in their schools. As schools across the country begin to place Ethnic Studies courses on their master schedules, the lack of preparation and education to support effective Ethnic Studies teaching has emerged as a problem. Therefore, the central questions addressed in this paper are: What is Ethnic Studies pedagogy? and What are its implications for hiring and preparing K-12 teachers? This is a conceptual article that builds upon existing research studies to investigate the pedagogy of effective K-12 teachers of Ethnic Studies. From this literature, we identify several patterns in their pedagogy: culturally responsive pedagogy, community responsive pedagogy and teacher racial identity development. We then tease out these components, briefly reviewing the literature for each, leading to a synthesized definition of Ethnic Studies pedagogy. We conclude the paper by providing recommendations for practice and research in the interest of preparing and supporting effective Ethnic Studies teaching in K-12 classrooms.
Biomass distribution of unmanaged upland forests in Minnesota

Abstract A floristic analysis of natural and logged upland forest communities previously identified 12 forest and one non-forest community-types within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness of Minnesota. Data collected for the floristic analysis were applied to biomass estimation equations to produce estimates by species for stands within each community-type. Total above-ground biomass was 4 t ha −1 in the non-forest community-type, and ranged from 121 t ha −1 in the jack pine-oak type to 268 t ha −1 in the red pine type. Highest biomass occurred in community-types with long-lived tree species; however, all community-types have similar mean annual biomass increments. Biomass distribution by vegetative strata within and among the community-types was examined. Distribution of biomass among undergrowth strata varied significantly with community-type. Total undergrowth biomass, however, had a narrow range from 1.9 to 4.4 t ha −1 because the biomass for the different strata summed in a compensatory manner. Biomass among vegetative strata were related; an increase in biomass of the tree stratum was related to reduced biomass of lower strata. Such relationships were not sufficient to fully explain variation in biomass of those strata among community-types. Significant differences in biomass among community-types, and the lack of differences among random assignments of the same communities into 12 groups, suggest that the original floristic classification provided a valid basis to compare ecosystem properties.
A consideration of telescoping and memory decay biases in victimization surveys

The relationship between memory biases and characteristics of incidents and respondents in victimization surveys were studied using National Crime Survey victimization data. Comparisons between the monthly distribution of victimizations appearing in police offense reports and the monthly distribution of victimizations reported to survey interviewers revealed evidence of substantial memory effects in victimization survey results. However, no substantial biases were found in the victimization data according to the seriosness of the event, whether or not the event was reported to the police, or respondent characteristics. That is, regardless of the characteristics of the event or characteristic of the respondent studied, the temporal distribution of victimizations reported to survey interviewers was similar. These results suggested that, whereas memory effects of the kind studied here are in evidence in reports of victimization experiences, there is no evidence that these effects are substantially related to respondent and incident characteristics, and, hence, they are much less problematic for the use of victimization survey results than would otherwise be the case.
Knowledge-aided parametric adaptive matched filter with automatic combining for covariance estimation

In this paper, a knowledge-aided parametric adaptive matched filter (KA-PAMF) is proposed that utilizing both observations (including the test and training signals) and a priori knowledge of the spatial co-variance matrix. Unlike existing KA-PAMF methods, the proposed KA-PAMF is able to automatically adjust the combining weight of a priori covariance matrix, thus gaining enhanced robustness against uncertainty in the prior knowledge. Meanwhile, the proposed KA-PAMF is significantly more efficient than its KA non-parametric counterparts when the amount of training signals is limited. One distinct feature of the proposed KA-PAMF is the inclusion of both the test and training signals for automatic determination of the combining weights for the prior spatial covariance matrix and observations. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed KA-PAMF, especially in the limited training scenarios.
Mesospheric planetary waves at northern hemisphere fall equinox

Northern hemisphere planetary waves are strong in the winter and weak in the summer, and they go through a fast transition around equinox. This transition is studied here using NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME-GCM) simulations with 1997 National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) analysis. The planetary wave variability during the transition and its effect on the temperature and winds in the mesosphere are examined. The simulated planetary wave structure agrees with climatological studies, and the fast transition of the planetary waves is captured by the model. The wave variability produces large temperature changes in the upper atmosphere above local stations in middle and high latitudes. The qualitative behavior of the model is in excellent agreement with recent observations of a major perturbation in OH mesospheric temperatures from Ft. Collins (Taylor et al., 2001), although the smaller calculated magnitude suggests that the planetary wave amplitude might be underestimated by the model.
ALFRED DE VIGNY'S “JOURNAL OF A POET”

The varied and penetrating nature of Vigny's comments on art, literature, and life makes the Journal of a Poet a work of such general interest as to merit a wider circle of readers than it has had up to the present.
Increased levels of mRNAs for tubulin and other flagellar proteins after amputation or shortening of Chlamydomonas Flagella

Abstract A dramatic stimulation of synthesis of flagellar proteins occurs in Chlamydomonas following flagellar removal or experimentally induced resorption of the flagella into the cell. In this report we show that this stimulation involves an increase in the levels of mRNAs for tubulin and many other flagellar proteins. Total RNA and poly(A) RNA were isolated from cells after deflagellation or flagellar resorption, and were then translated in the reticulocyte lysate system. Two-dimensional gel analysis of the translation products demonstrates that the RNA-directed in vitro synthesis of α and β tubulins, and a number of other flagellar proteins, increases after deflagellation or flagellar resorption. Surprisingly, the α-tubulin synthesized in vitro does not co-migrate on two-dimensional gels with mature flagellar α-tubulin. Moreover, in vivo labeling experiments show that the major α-tubulin synthesized in the cell after deflagellation co-migrates with the major α-tubulin made in vitro, not with the major α-tubulin present in the flagella. These results suggest that flagellar α-tubulin is synthesized as a precursor, and undergoes post-translational modification before assembly into the flagella. In addition, we report that the synthesis of tubulin and other flagellar proteins can be specifically inhibited, as well as stimulated. Treatment of cells with IBMX, which induces flagellar resorption, causes a marked decrease in the levels of translatable mRNAs for tubulin and other flagellar proteins, without affecting levels of mRNAs for nonflagellar proteins.
Increased expression of eotaxin-3 distinguishes between eosinophilic esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Summary Differentiating eosinophilic esophagitis from gastroesophageal reflux disease is important given their pathogenetic differences and responses to therapy. Eotaxins are a family of chemokines important for activation and recruitment of eosinophils mediated by their receptor, chemokine receptor-3 (CCR-3). Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is a key cytokine involved in many steps of eosinophil production and recruitment. The aim of this study was to compare the messenger RNA expression of the eotaxins, CCR-3, and IL-5 between well-characterized groups of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, and healthy individuals. This was a retrospective study using esophageal biopsies from 33 patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, 20 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, and 17 healthy controls. Parameters studied included demographic features, presenting symptoms, endoscopic findings, histopathologic features, and messenger RNA levels of eotaxins 1, 2, and 3, CCR-3, and IL-5 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis were predominantly males (M/F = 3:1), with a mean age of 15.9 years and a mean eosinophil count of 55 per ×400 high-power field. Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease had a mean age of 31.5 years and a mean eosinophil count of 5.8 per high-power field. Total intraepithelial eosinophil and lymphocyte counts, the presence of superficial eosinophil clusters, microabscesses, and basal cell hyperplasia were all significantly associated with eosinophilic esophagitis as opposed to gastroesophageal reflux disease ( P β -actin, respectively; P
Third-Person Perception and Health Beliefs

A survey of 316 medical professionals was used to study third-person perception (TPP) within the context of a public health issue, intimate partner violence (IPV) and to explore theoretical linkage between TPP and the health belief model. Medical professionals exhibit TPP, believing they are less influenced than patients by media depictions of IPV. In terms of the Health Belief Model, one element, perceived susceptibility, emerged as a predictor of TPP.
Influence of voltage unbalance due to single phase distributed generators in the power distribution systems

This paper presents the influence of voltage unbalance caused bycurrent injection from single phase renewable energy distributed generators in the distributed power systems. This study explores the maximum allowable generation variance for dissimilar current mode inverters tied to three phase, four-wire power systemsand compares these values to the allowable voltage unbalance at the point of common coupling for a typical commercial load. The possible current injection cases are simulated using Matlab/Simulink. Uniquely, a circuit based simulation block is run in the m-file so that many different current injection cases can be simulated. Overall simulation procedures and analysis provide a good guideline for integration of small renewable distributed generations in low voltage distributed power systems.
Critical Madness, Enunciative Excess: The Figure of the Madwoman in Postmodern Feminist Texts:

This article provides a comparison of the politics of representation through the performance of hysteria and madness in Luce Irigaray's collection of essays, This Sex Which Is Not One, and Kathy Acker's novel, Don Quixote: Which Was a Dream. Through close readings of Irigaray's and Acker's texts, the article explores how these critical, feminist projects question the mechanisms and effects of a dominant tradition in which they participate at the same time. These readings argue against a widespread feminist position which claims that the use of “the madwoman” restricts feminist theory either to silence or to a powerless, delirious, speaking position. Rather, this article shows that the figure does not exclusively symbolize the restrictions of feminist theory through dominant discourses but that it aids postmodern authors such as Irigaray and Acker in the creation of an excessive politics of enunciation, which destabilizes and reconfigures the conditions of representation.
Participation readiness at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation in children and adolescents with acquired brain injuries.

Objective : To describe the extent of readiness for participation in home, school and community life at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and selected factors associated with participation readiness in children and adolescents with acquired brain injuries. Methods : Staff from eight sites used retrospective review to complete a prototype clinical performance measure on up to 10 of their most recent discharges. Data were obtained on 65 children and adolescents, aged 6 months to 18 years (X = 9.5 years). The extent of participation readiness was analysed descriptively. Associations between selected variables and participation readiness were examined using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results : Only 3-27% of the children were deemed ready for age-expected participation at discharge in 15 domains of home, school and community life. Social behavioural activity performance at discharge explained 74% of the variance associated with participation readiness at discharge. Conclusions : The lo...
Digitalis intoxication: Protection with hyperbaric oxygen

Abstract The dose of ouabain needed to produce ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation was significantly increased when guinea pigs were equilibrated with 100 percent oxygen at a pressure of 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA). This protective effect was increased further by 100 percent oxygen at pressures of 2 and 3 ATA, whereas the pressure alone (3 ATA) with 7 percent oxygen has no effect. The decreased toxicity of the digitalis glycoside appears to be due to an increased amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood under hyperbaric oxygenation.
A secure and useful “keyless cryptosystem”

Abstract Keyless cryptography is a technique in which the basis of security is the anonymity of the sender. We describe a protocol that fits the technique to realistic communication environments, and extend the security and the range of applications of the technique.
Potential long-term storage of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis.

Increasing the ability to store mass-reared natural enemies during periods or seasons of low demand is a critical need of the biocontrol industry. We tested the hypothesis that chemicals can enhance long-term cold storage of a predatory mite Phytoseiuluspersimilis Athias-Henriot. The research objective was to determine the effect of cryoprotectant and carbohydrate chemicals on in-storage survival of predators. In-storage survival at 8°C was greater for predators sprayed with glycerol (5%, v/v) or glucose (10% and 20%, v/v) than with water spray controls. After 74 days in the cryoprotectant experiment, predator survival declined to 11.5% in the 5% glycerol treatment and 7.8% in the water spray control. After 88 days in the carbohydrate experiment, predator survival declined to 22% in the 20% glucose treatment and 2% in the water spray control. Although many individuals expired within 50 days in both experiments, a few females survived more than 200 days. This research suggests that select cryoprotectants and carbohydrates have a limited capacity to facilitate long-term storage of P. persimilis.
Overview of ARIES-RS tokamak fusion power plant

In order for fusion power to be widely accepted in the next century, it should offer advantages compared to available sources of energy. The Starlite study has examined the ability of tokamak-based power plants to compete with other energy sources. A set of top-level system requirements and goals for system economics, safety and waste disposal, and reliability and availability were established during extensive consultations with US electric utilities and industry representatives. Five different tokamak plasma operation modes were considered and different technology options (e.g. choice of structural material, coolant, breeder) were developed and assessed. Based on this assessment, the ARIES-RS design study was initiated to examine a power plant based on the reversed-shear mode of plasma operation, coupled to a fusion power core which uses high-performance lithium-cooled vanadium components. An overview of the ARIES-RS design is presented in this paper.
A reformulation and partial test of the power control theory of delinquency

The power control theory of delinquency is one of the few that has attempted to account for both gender and class in delinquency causation. This paper assesses critically the model's conceptual framework and reformulates it on the basis of these concerns as well as the results of prior research. We then test the revised model using data from the National Survey of Children, for which the members of a nationally representative sample of households were interviewed in 1981. Bivariate analysis showed that, contrary to power control theory, gender differences in delinquency appeared in families regardless of their structure (patriarchal or egalitarian). Moreover, a path analysis revealed that the quality of the relationship with the mother was important in explaining low levels of delinquency, particularly in boys. The quality of a youth's relationships with parents, particularly the experience of negative sanctions from the father, was found to explain delinquency for both sexes. Finally, family's social cla...
Optimal edge detection using expansion matching and restoration

Discusses the application of a newly developed expansion matching method for edge detection. Expansion matching optimizes a novel matching criterion called the discriminative signal-to-noise ratio (DSNR) and has been shown to robustly recognize templates under conditions of noise, severe occlusion and superposition. The DSNR criterion is better suited to evaluate matching in practical conditions than the traditional SNR since it considers as "noise" even the off-center response of the filter to the template itself. We introduce a family of optimal DSNR edge detectors based on the expansion filter for several edge models. For step edges, the optimal DSNR step expansion filter (SEF) is compared with the widely used Canny edge detector (CED). Experimental comparisons show that our edge detector yields better performance than the CED in terms of DSNR even under very adverse noise conditions. As for boundary detection, the SEF consistently yields higher figures of merit than the CED on a synthetic binary image over a wide range of noise levels. Results also show that the design parameters of size or width of the SEF are less critical than the CED variance. This means that a single scale of the SEF spans a larger range of input noise than a single scale of the CED. Experiments on a noisy image reveal that the SEF yields less noisy edge elements and preserves structural details more accurately. On the other hand, the CED output has better suppression of multiple responses than the corresponding SEF output. >
Characteristics of antinuclear factors in felty's syndrome

Antinuclear factors in the sera of 8 patients with Felty's syndrome were studied by various immunologic technics. All sera showed antinuclear factor activity. However, antinuclear factors in Felty's sera did not fix human complement, while antinuclear factors in 9 out of 10 control sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus did. This difference could be explained neither by a difference in antinuclear factor titer of the IgG class, nor by a blockage of complement fixation by rheumatoid factor. The findings of other investigators and the possible significance of antinuclear factor complement fixation are discussed.
The Structure of Professionalism: A Quantitative Examination

The article reviews the book “The Structure of Professionalism: A Quantitative Examination,” by John B. Cullen.
Developing a renal supportive care team from the voices of patients, families, and palliative care staff.

Objective Although half a million Americans suffer from end stage renal disease (ESRD), their quality of end-of-life care has been woefully inadequate. The Renal Supportive Care Team is a demonstration project that is designed to elicit and provide for the needs of dialysis patients and their families throughout the trajectory of their illnesses. Method Six focus groups, including medical health professionals, dialysis patients, family members, and bereaved family members, discussed how to promote improved palliative care and encourage hospice referral for patients with ESRD. Results Respondents agreed that there needed to be greater education of both patients and families regarding all aspects of the disease process, open communication, on-going support between patients, families, and the staff, continuity of care, pain control, and assistance with advance care planning. Significance of results Palliative and supportive care issues in ESRD need greater attention.
Prescribed fire and grazing effects on carbon dynamics in a northern mixed-grass prairie §

Rangelands are complex systems that occupy more than 50% of the land area in the world. Carbon cycling on rangelands is generally understood, but details concerning agricultural management practices of prescribed fire and grazing are not well defined. Field experiments were conducted on northern mixedgrass prairie in eastern Montana with undisturbed, burned, and grazed treatments established in 2003. Designated plots were burned during the dormant season (December) in 2003. Grazing occurred in 2004 and 2005, removing 45–50% of then currently available leaf area. Responses were evaluated monthly from April to October of 2004 and 2005. Abiotic measurements included: precipitation, soil water content, photosynthetically active solar radiation, and temperatures of soil and leaves. Biotic responses were: standing crop, leaf area, root mass to a soil depth of 30 cm, and CO2 fluxes above the mixed-grass prairie canopy and bare soil. Moisture available to the northern mixed-grass prairie system at this location was the primary identifiable factor that either directly or indirectly controlled much of the CO2 flux. Treatment effects on seasonal changes in soil water content were consistent across years, with grazed and undisturbed plots being similar. Burned plots had less soil water content than grazed or undisturbed plots in late spring and early summer with soil water content becoming similar across all treatments in late summer and into autumn. Despite differences in soil water content, CO2 fluxes above either burned or undisturbed plots were dynamically similar. However, peak CO2 flux of grazed plots was shifted one month earlier in 2004 and was decreased in 2005, relative to the undisturbed and burned plots. Over the course of this experiment, cumulative CO2 flux on the grazed plots was 72% of that on the burned and undisturbed plots. Depending on conditions during the growing season, C removed from northern mixed-grass prairie rangeland may not be re-sequestered during the growing season immediately post-burning. We conclude that the studied ecosystem is unlikely to sequester considerable C, irrespective of imposed agricultural practices, due to the relatively low CO2 flux and the small magnitude of treatment observed. Published by Elsevier B.V.
The Americanness of American Jews

The endless analysis of the Pew Research Center’s A Portrait of Jewish Americans has generally focused on the internal and specifically Jewish implications and causes of the trends reported. No doubt there are lessons to be learned – as I have myself suggested in my own take on the data – that are particular to the Jewish community. But no less important is the American component of the results: Jews (86 % of whom are American-born) are simply acting like the Americans they are.
Acute Effects of Aspirin and Acetaminophen on Renal Function

• The renal effects of aspirin and acetaminophen are minor. With a major overdose of acetaminophen, uncommonly renal failure may occur that cannot be ascribed to hepatic failure; its mechanism is unknown. Aspirin may cause a transient shedding of renal tubular cells, alterations in urate excretion, inhibition of spironolactone action, and, in certain clinical settings, a reversible decline in renal function manifested as a fall in glomerular filtration that may be accompanied by mild water, sodium, and potassium retention. Active systemic lupus erythematosus, advanced cirrhosis, and chronic renal insufficiency seem to predispose patients to the effects on renal function, and there is direct or indirect evidence in those conditions that prostaglandin synthesis is an important part of the body's attempt to preserve renal blood flow. Study of these effects has provided new insight into the way in which the kidneys may use prostaglandins to preserve renal function when it is threatened. (Arch Intern Med1981;141:343-348)
Modes of thought, feeling, and action in infant pain assessment by pediatric nurses

The components of the assessment process are identified and compared from an ethnography of the methods used by 65 pediatric nurses to assess the level of pain in a sample of infants younger than 1 year of age. Nine different modes of thought, feeling, and action were referenced in reaching judgments about pain levels. The five predominant modes were: deductive, clinical, inductive, testing, and knowing the infant. Over time, the participants had developed a preference for particular combinations of the elements which constitute these modes: repeated use of these preferred assessment methods gave more experienced pediatric nurses distinctive styles of pain assessment. Nurses demonstrated a wider "repertoire" of knowledge about how to assess pain than they customarily used: the selection of particular repertoire items varied by nurses' initial estimates, experience level, and personal assessment style. Findings support the proposition that an understanding of the infant pain assessment process must include nurses' selection and customary use of knowledge and data available to them, as well as the intrinsic nature of that information.
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy and the Need for Concomitant Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are increasingly used for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (VAs); however, there is a potential for severe and debilitating anxiety caused by symptoms associated with ICD therapy and anticipation of shocks. Anxiety is a psycho-logic stressor, including physiologic components that may lead to adrenergic excitation triggering new arrhythmias and ICD therapies. This often requires concomitant antiarrhythmic medication to reduce the frequency of shocks and symptomatic arrhythmias treated by anti-tachycardia pacing. Although published studies have documented the efficacy of currently available antiarrhythmics, they have limitations in patients with heart failure, may affect the defibrillation threshold, and/or have been associated with major side-effects. In conclusion, for the patient with an ICD experiencing symptomatic ventricular tachycardia (VTs) episodes or ICD shocks, there is a need for pharmacologic therapy to reduce the incidence of such events without affecting the performance of the ICD or causing major side-effects.
Abdominal venous thrombosis presenting in myeloproliferative neoplasm with JAK2 V617F mutation: a case report.

Introduction An unprovoked thombotic event in a patient is cause for further evaluation of an underlying hypercoaguable state. The investigation should include a thorough search, including checking for a variety of known inherited and acquired hypercoaguble states (protein C or S deficiency, anti-phospholipid antibodies, and anti-thrombin III deficiency) and gene mutations that predispose patients to an increased risk of clotting (for example, prothrombin gene 20210 mutation, factor V Leiden, and the JAK2 V617F mutation).
Diversification in the Supply Chain of 99Mo Ensures a Future for 99mTc

1208 Objectives The human peptide Elafin is a potent reversible inhibitor of pro-inflammatory leukocyte elastase, protease3 and endogenous vascular elastase. It is successfully used as a potent anti inflammatory agent e.g. in the lung. We investigated the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of 99mTc labeled Elafin in rats. Methods 27.9±3.0 MBq of 99mTc-Elafin were applied i.v. to healthy adult male Wistar rats (n=5). A control group (n=5) received only 99mTcO4-. Dynamic planar (E CAM camera) and SPECT imaging up to 24h p.i. using a multi pinhole collimator (HiSPECT, Scivis) were performed. Blood samples were obtained up to 22h p.i. The organ time activity curves (TAC) were calculated using ROI analysis and the harvested organ activites determined with a gamma counter. Results Labeled Elafin was mainly renally eliminated. The activity in the kidneys reached a maximum at 5min (7.75%±0.13% ID/g) and was 22h p.i. 4.98±1.24% ID/g. The blood kinetics could be described in a 2 compartment model with correlation coefficient > 0.9977. The biodistribution is demonstrated in figure 1. In a single pilot experiment 99mTc-Elafin has been injected subcutaneously (sc) resulting in almost higher bioavailability than i.v. Conclusions The high uptake in kidneys could be important for treating kidneys diseases and chronic allograft nephropathy after transplantation. Elafin could not cross the BBB, which might be advantageous by not causing side effects affecting the CNS after systemic administration. The increased bioavailability after sc administration suggests that better therapeutic results could be obtained with su administration. Future studies to confirm our observations are required.
Standards & Regulations in the United States: What Went Wrong?

In this paper, I discuss the basis for the following recommendations for the development of standards and regulations for the long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste in a geologic repository:
Cholinergic Involvement in Osmotic Control of Vasopressin Release by the Organ-Cultured Rat Hypothalamo-Neurohypophyseal System*

A nicotinic-cholinergic receptor appears to mediate osmotic stimulation of vasopressin (VP) release by the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal explant. Nicotinic blocking agents, hexamethonium, tetraethylammonium chloride, and trimethaphan, blocked VP release in response to the addition of sufficient NaCl to yield a 10 mosm/kg H2O increase in culture medium osmolality. Atropine at a similar molar concentration was ineffective in blocking VP release in response to the same osmotic stimulus. Tetraethylammonium chloride and trimethaphan also blocked acetylcholine-stimulated VP release. These findings support the hypothesis that the osmoreceptive element responsible for controlling VP release resides in a separate cell and communicates with the VP cell by way of a nicotiniccholinergic receptor.
Childhood experiences of incarcerated male child sexual abusers.

While numerous efforts have been made to understand the impact of child sexual abuse, little has been done to examine the childhood experiences of those who abuse children. Child sexual abusers have been studied from quantitative perspectives using behavioral checklists, parental-bonding surveys, and sexual history questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to explore incarcerated child sexual abusers’ recollections of their childhood experiences using the descriptive existential lens of phenomenology. Eight incarcerated male child sexual abusers described their childhood from existential perspectives of lived space, lived other, lived body, and lived time via face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Analysis was accomplished through the qualitative, descriptive method of Max van Manen. Rich descriptions of the participants’ insights into their daily childhood life experiences that shaped their self-concepts and contributed to their adult behaviors were gathered. Four major themes were identified: (1) ...
Simple, scalable protocols for high-performance local networks

RMPP (reliable message passing protocol) is a lightweight transport protocol designed for clusters that provides end-to-end flow control and fault tolerance. In this article, presentations were made that compares RMPP to TCP, UDP, and "Utopia". The article compared the protocols on four benchmarks: bandwidth, latency, all-to-all, and communication-computation overlap. The results have shown that message-based protocols like RMPP have several advantages over TCP including ease of implementation, support for computation/communication overlap, and low CPU overhead.
HIV Protease Inhibitors Activate the Unfolded Protein Response and Disrupt Lipid Metabolism in Primary Hepatocytes

Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) has been associated with serious lipid disturbances. However, the incidence and degree of impair...
Can it be good to set the bar high? The role of motivational regulation in moderating the link from high standards to academic well-being

This study explored a motivational approach to examining individuals' perfectionistic strivings, using Self-Determination Theory as the theoretical foundation. Data were collected from 384 undergraduate students. Hierarchical multilevel models were performed to examine whether the association between the tendency to set high personal standards and learning outcomes would be moderated by people's type of motivational regulation. The results indicated that the striving for high standards was associated with less adaptive learning experiences when students experienced controlled regulation around their behaviors. We measured controlled regulation both as a personality orientation, and as students' reasons for participating in each of their classes. We found convergent evidence at both the between-person and the within-person, between-class levels that when students reported low controlled regulation, those who tended to set high standards for themselves reported less anxiety and difficulty in their learning, and more learning progress in their classes than the students who set low standards.
THE IMPACT OF A FLOWER-COLOR POLYMORPHISM ON MATING PATTERNS IN EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS OF WILD RADISH (RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM L.)

We conducted field experiments to determine how a naturally occurring petal-color polymorphism influences mating patterns in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). The polymorphism is controlled at a single genetic locus, with white petal color being completely dominant to yellow. In experimental populations with equal numbers of yellow- and white-flowered homozygous individuals, insect visitors strongly discriminated against white flowers. Pieris rapae, the most frequent pollinator, was almost 50% more likely to visit yellow than white flowers. Maternal fecundity did not differ between the morphs and was not significantly influenced by a plant's compatibility with potential donors, suggesting that seed production was not limited by receipt of compatible pollen. In contrast, the yellow-flowered morph sired approximately 75% of all seeds produced during the study. This paternity proportion was consistently greater than that expected on the basis of postpollination compatibility measures and was indistinguishable from that expected on the basis of pollinator-visitation frequency. We conclude that the male-fitness advantage of the yellow morph resulted from enhanced pollen export due to the greater attractiveness of its flowers to insect pollinators. With color morphs evenly distributed in experimental arrays, insects did not move assortatively on the basis of petal color, and we found no evidence for assortative pollen flow due to the floral polymorphism. Once postpollination compatibility relationships within populations were taken into account, paternal success of yellow donors did not differ between yellow- and white-flowered maternal plants.
The Search for a Usable Indian: An Aspect of the Defense of Colonial New England

THE enduring characterization that pits white man against Indian has a satisfying simplicity that has too often obscured a more complex reality. In particular, the widespread assumption that such stereotyped rivalries were a prompt and inevitable consequence of a meeting of the races has distorted our understanding of the formative years of English settlement in North America. It is true that a few early instances of a happier cooperation remain part of the folklore of colonization as testimony to an Indian hospitality that often ripened into active friendship. Yet the descent from coexistence to the incessant hostilities of frontier warfare and western expansion is seemingly all but instantaneous, the product of a few decades of settlement or of half a century at most. Explanations of this change have ranged from contemporary belief in the innate barbarism of the Indians to recent accounts of the equally innate racism, rapacity, and self-righteousness of the whites and more impersonal analyses suggesting a conflict of dissimilar cultures. The changing image of the Indian in literature, from hospitable primitive to treacherous savage, has often been taken as an index of changing white attitudes and actions.1 Antagonisms between the races did undoubtedly form and harden in these years. Yet they did not become absolute, and the harsh rhetoric of white conquest should not be taken as conclusive evidence
Threshold Alignment Reversal and Circularly Polarized Fluorescence in Rotationally Resolved H 2

Using ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ targets, we have measured the polarization of Fulcher-band fluorescence resulting from spin-polarized electron-impact excitation of vibrationally and rotationally resolved $d\text{ }^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}a\text{ }^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{g}^{+}$ transitions for incident electron energies from 14.3 to 28.5 eV. Near threshold, the linear polarization ${P}_{1}$ descends from positive values through zero to negative values, indicating a dynamic production of ${M}_{N}=0$ states. The circular polarization ${P}_{3}$ is measured to be nonzero, indicating the orientation of rotationally resolved molecular states. For $Q$-branch transitions, ${P}_{3}$ is consistent with theory based on Hund's case (b) coupling. The $R$-branch ${P}_{3}$ values do not agree with theory equally well, indicating the effect of $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$-symmetry perturbation of the parent $d\text{ }^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{u}^{+}$ state.