cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A continuum-based finite element formulation for the implicit solution of multibody, large deformation-frictional contact problems

In this paper, a formulation is presented for the finite element treatment of multibody, large deformation frictional contact problems. The term multibody is used to mean that when two bodies mechanically contact, both may be deformable. A novel aspect of the approach advocated is that the equations governing contact are developed in the continuum setting first, before deriving the corresponding finite element equations This feature distinguishes the current work from many earlier treatments of contact problems and renders it considerably more general. In particular, the approach yields a characterization of the frictional constraint (assuming a Coulomb law) suitable for arbitrary discretizations in either two or three dimensions. A geometric framework is constructed within which both frictionless and frictional response are naturally described, making subsequent finite element discretization a straightforward substitution of finite-dimensional solution spaces for their continuum counterparts. To our knowledge, this general formulation and implementation of the frictional contact problem in a finite element setting has not been reported previously in the literature. The development includes exact linearization of the statement of virtual work, which enables optimal convergence properties for Newton-Raphson solution strategies, and which appears to be highly desirable (if not essential) for the general robustness of implicit finite element techniques. Since the theory and subsequent linearization require no limitations on the amount of deformation or relative sliding that can occur, the resulting treatment of frictional contact is suitable for a wide range of examples displaying significant non-linear behaviour. This assertion is substantiated through presentation of a variety of examples in both two and three dimensions.
Collision induced absorption in gaseous CH4 and CD4 in the far infrared region

Abstract Collision induced absorption in gaseous CH 4 and CD 4 was studied with a far-infrared grating spectrometer in the region 10 − 350 cm −1 . Values of the octopole moment are obtained from the Kramers-Kronig integral.
The Surface Kinetics of the Initial Oxidation Stages of Copper as Investigated by In Situ Ultra-High Vacuum Transmission Electron Microscopy

We have investigated the initial stages of Cu(001) oxidation using in situ ultra-high vacuum (UHV) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) from 10 -5 torr O 2 to atmospheric pressures and temperature range from room temperature to 600°C. The advantages of in situ TEM experiments include visualization of oxidation processes in real time and information on buried interfaces. We have previously demonstrated that the initial stages of copper oxidation in dry oxygen is a surface-limited process. To investigate the effect of oxidizing environments, we have examined the oxidation of Cu(001) with water vapor and noted the surprising reduction of copper oxides in contrast to thermochemical data. We are also modelling the nudeation to coalescence of the oxide scale using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation and noted a qualitative agreement.
LOCAL SIMILARITY IN THE CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER (CBL)

The paper presents similarity hypotheses that in the CBL the structure of turbulence is described by two different sets of local scales, defined by local (z-dependent) values of governing parameters. Arguments for local scaling are presented and the form of the similarity functions is derived.
Hierarchical approach for automated segmentation of the brain volume from MR images

Image segmentation is considered one of the essential steps in medical image analysis. Cases such as classification of tissue structures for quantitative analysis, reconstruction of anatomical volumes for visualization, and registration of multi-modality images for complementary study often require the segmentation of the brain to accomplish the task. In many clinical applications, parts of this task are performed either manually or interactively. Not only is this proces often tedious and time-consuming, it introduces additional external factors of inter- and intra-rater variability. In this paper, we present a 3D automated algorithm for segmenting the brain from various MR images. This algorithm consists of a sequence of pre-determined steps: First, an intensity window for initial separation of the brain volume from the background and non-brain structures is selected by using probability curves fitting on the intensity histogram. Next, a 3D isotropic volume is interpolated and an optimal threshold value is determined to construct a binary brain mask. The morphological and connectivity processes are then applied on this 3D mask for eliminating the non-brain structures. Finally, a surface extraction kernel is applied to extract the 3D brain surface. Preliminary results from the same subjects with different pulse sequences are compared with the manual segmentation. The automatically segmented brain volumes are compared with the manual results using the correlation coefficient and percentage overlay. Then the automatically detected surfaces are measured with the manual contouring in terms of RMS distance. The introduced automatic segmentation algorithm is effective on different sequences of MR data sets without any parameter tuning. It requires no user interaction so variability introduced by manual tracing or interactive thresholding can be eliminated. Currently, the introduced segmentation algorithm is applied in the automated inter- and intra-modality image registration. It will furthermore be used in different applications such as quantitative analysis of normal and abnormal brain tissues.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Effect of Circulating Serum Factors from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Protein Kinase A (PKA) Activity and PKA-Dependent Protein Phosphorylation in T Lymphocytes

T lymphocytes from subjects with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit reduced cAMP-inducible, protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates compared with healthy and disease controls. To ascertain whether the persistent T cell activation observed during active SLE can result in impaired PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation, normal T cells were activated in vitro by monoclonal anti-CD3-epsilon antibody and recombinant IL1-alpha (rIL1-alpha) for 24 hr. T cell activation, verified by IL2 mRNA, IL2 receptor-alpha (IL2R-alpha) mRNA, and IL2R-beta mRNA expression, did not diminish cAMP-inducible, PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation. We also tested the hypothesis that circulating factors present in active SLE serum can decrease cAMP-inducible total PKA phosphotransferase activity and PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation in normal T lymphocytes. T cells cultured for 24 hr in medium supplemented with 10% active SLE sera (from subjects who exhibited the defect of PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation) exhibited similar total PKA phosphotransferase activity and substrate phosphorylation as cells cultured in normal AB serum. Moreover, the addition of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and/or immune complexes (IC) did not diminish either total PKA activity or PKA-dependent substrate phosphorylation. Lastly, we found that the defect of PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation in active SLE T cells could not be reversed by culturing the cells in culture medium supplemented with 10% AB serum for 24 hr. In conclusion, (a) deficient cAMP-inducible, PKA-dependent phosphorylation in SLE T cells is not reversible by culturing cells in vitro; (b) there is no evidence to support the concept that serum factors, including IC and IFN-alpha, can induce a defect of PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation in normal T cells.
Pesticide Impact Assessment via Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Technique in the Lower Rio Grande River Basin, Texas

This paper presents a field survey using health impact assessment approach trying to: (1) demonstrate a basic soil and groundwater survey/sampling, (2) investigate any possible long-term pesticide contamination in connection with citrus orchard pesticide application, and (3) conduct an assessment review of possible pesticide impacts on public health in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), Texas. A sampling plan was prepared to collect samples that include soil from a citrus orchard of Texas A&M Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, located in the Hidalgo county and groundwater from domestic and public wells located in the neighboring LRGV region. Field investigation of the contamination was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and the analytical results indicated that there is no considerable concentration of simazine pesticide in soil and groundwater. All of the measurements are below the maximum contamination limit (MCL) value provided by US EPA. A statistical assessment was also performed on the cancer mortality rates in the LRGV region to identify any significant health concerns in this region. After reviewing several relevant reports, it is inferred that there are no apparent health issues in the LRGV region in relation to such pesticide impact and the mortality rates in the valley are lower than the average mortality rates in Texas during the period 1992–2002. T-test confirmed the absence of any significant difference between the three counties in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (Webb, Cameron and Hidalgo) in terms of the cancer mortality rates.
Recoupled pair bonding in PFn (n=1-5)

Following our previous studies of hypervalency in SF n (n = 1−6) and ClF n (n = 1−7), we have characterized the structures and energetics of PF n (n = 1−5) species with RCCSD(T) coupled cluster cal...
The Delegitimization of Nudear Deterrence

Contrary to some widespread impressions, public ambivalence about nuclear deterrence is not a new phenomenon in Western societies but has existed since at least the mid-1950s. However, mass public acceptance of nuclear deterrence policies does not seem to have eroded significantly, except in West Germany. On the other hand, some delegitimization of nuclear deterrence has emerged in important sectors of the elite and attentive publics in Britain, West Germany, and the United States. Future public support for nuclear deterrence will probably be influenced by factors both outside and within the North Atlantic community, but the choices made by Western leadership elites will be of crucial significance in dealing with the elite-mass public gap on some issues (e.g., firstuse policies) and the trends that have tended to delegitimize nuclear deterrence in some sectors of the elite and attentive publics.
Label similarity as an indirect cause of a methyl salicylate death.

(1973). Label Similarity as an Indirect Cause of a Methyl Salicylate Death. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 189-192.
A Jitter Reduction Circuit Using Autocorrelation for Phase-Locked Loops and Serializer-Deserializer (SERDES) Circuits

A new jitter reduction circuit is proposed for reducing the timing jitter in a serializer-deserializer (SERDES). Instead of using elaborate hardware to calculate the jitter, we use the jittered signal's autocorrelation to remove the jitter. The motivation for this work was to provide a reduced jitter phase-locked loop (PLL), so that incorporating a built-in self-testing (BIST) mechanism for PLL's and SERDES would be simplified. The technique involves transmit and receive side jitter reducer pulse shaping circuits made of only 14 and 20 transistors, respectively. They reduce the jitter in the clock generated by the PLL at the transmit side, and the jitter between the recovered clock and the serial data at the receive side. The jitter reducers are designed in 70 nm Berkeley Predictive process models and tested with various types of input jitter. In the case of the transmit side, the peak-to-peak random jitter (RJ) is reduced, on average, by 45.51% and also the average transmit and receive side RMS jitter is reduced, on average, by 62.24% and 35.88%, respectively. The bit-error rate (BER) of the SERDES computed probabilistically is improved from 8.3 times 10-2 to 6.44 times 10-20, for input RMS periodic jitter (PJ) of 71.77 ps. The BER for the PCI express bus must be les 1 times 10-12.
2F-3 Design of 20 MHz Convex Array Transducers for High Frequency Ophthalmic Imaging

20 MHz 192 element convex array transducers are proposed for high frequency ophthalmic imaging. A convex array can cover the whole eye within a single image, achieve higher frame rate, create multiple focal zones with dynamic aperture and implement Doppler or color flow mapping whereas other types of arrays are limited to implement those features. A 1.5 wavelength pitch, 24 mm radius of curvature and 52deg maximum view angle were chosen to provide adequate spatial sampling and resolution along with minimal image aliasing. A 7.0 mm elevation width and 30 mm geometric focus was chosen as a compromise between depth of field and resolution. The number of channels used to acquire one scan line was 64. From the Field II simulation, with a single transmit focus and dynamic receive focusing, the -6 dB lateral and axial beamwidth were 200 mum and 50 mum, respectively. The -6 dB depth of field was 4.8 mm. The grating lobe level was -75 dB at 20deg at a range of 30 mm. For the KLM modeling of a single array element, 1-3 composite with a high dielectric constant piezo ceramic was chosen as the active material along with two matching layers and a lossy low impedance backing layer. KLM modeling showed an echo fractional bandwidth above 70% and sensitivity above -50 dB. Images of the wire phantom and the dog eye were simulated and compared with those of a linear array with similar specifications.
On Chinese Earthquake History — An Attempt to Model an Incomplete Data Set by Point Process Analysis

Since the 1950s, the Academia Sinica in Peking, People’s Republic of China, has carried out extensive research on the Chinese earthquake history. With a historical record dating back some 3000 years, a wealth of information on Chinese earthquakes exists. Despite this monumental undertaking by the Academia Sinica, much work is still necessary to correct the existing earthquake data for historical changes in population, customs, modes of communication, and dynasties. In this paper we report on the status of our investigation of Chinese earthquake history and present some preliminary results. By applying point process analysis of earthquakes in ‘Central China’, we found suggestions of (1) lower earthquake activity at intervals of about 175 years and 375 years, and (2) higher earthquake activity at an interval of about 300 years.
A personal journey into cultural psychiatry

The two primary audiences for this article are psychiatrists interested in a cultural psychiatry career and academic as well as healthcare leaders who are in a position to support cultural psychiatry training. In addition to describing my own personal journey through cultural psychiatry, this report includes strategic recommendations for becoming a cultural psychiatrist as well as rationales for supporting a cadre of cultural psychiatrists in the coming decades. A World Health Organization (WHO) sponsored program for training clinicians in addictions is described. Finally, the account summarizes those clinical, research, educational, consultative, and leadership roles that cultural training influenced during my career.
Frequency estimation in the presence of cycle slips: Filter banks and error bounds for phase unwrapping

We consider a setting in which a receiver uses a sequence of short, narrowband training burst signals from a transmitter to jointly estimate the time delay and frequency offset of its local clock with respect to the transmitter. A key challenge in this estimation problem is in handling cycle-slips arising from ambiguities in phase unwrapping when (a) the repetition rate of the training signal is small compared to the frequency offset, and (b) the bandwidth of the training signal is small relative to the carrier frequency. We propose a novel Bayesian filter-bank approach to handling these ambiguities. We present numerical simulations to show the effectiveness of this approach and compare our results with the fundamental posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound. The filter achieves the bound for signals between about 5 and 35 dB SNR, showing that it is optimal in this regime.
Perceived Competency and Resolution of Homelessness Among Women With Substance Abuse Problems

Using a metasynthesis approach, our aim was to articulate new insights relating to the most efficient and effective means of helping homeless women with substance abuse problems to enhance their well-being and become more stably housed. Distorted perceptions of competency, which are shaped by dysfunctional relationships and mental health problems, make it challenging for women with substance abuse problems to resolve homelessness. Women with particularly low or high levels of perceived competency tend to grapple with challenges related to structure and control, trust, and hopelessness. Therapeutic strategies for approaching these women include careful assessment, caring, personalized structure and control, development of interpersonal trust, instillation of hope, and the targeted use of psychotherapeutic agents and counseling. Framing care for homeless women within the context of perceived competency offers a new way of understanding their plight and shaping interventions to more expeditiously move them toward healthy and stable lives.
Markov Chains and Applications

In many applications, successive observations of a process, say, X 1, X 2, …, have an inherent time component associated with them. For example, the X i could be the state of the weather at a particular location on the ith day, counting from some fixed day. In a simplistic model, the state of the weather could be “dry” or “wet”, quantified as, say, 0 and 1. It is hard to believe that in such an example, the sequence X 1, X 2, … could be mutually independent. The question then arises how to model the dependence among the X i . Probabilists have numerous dependency models. A particular model that has earned a very special status is called a Markov chain. In a Markov chain model, we assume that the future, given the entire past and the present state of a process, depends only on the present state. In the weather example, suppose we want to assign a probability that tomorrow, say March 10, will be dry, and suppose that we have available to us the precipitation history for each of January 1 to March 9. The Markov chain model would entail that our probability that March 10 will be dry will depend only on the state of the weather on March 9, even though the entire past precipitation history was available to us. As simple as it sounds, Markov chains are enormously useful in applications, perhaps more than any other specific dependency model. They also are independently relevant to statistical computing in very important ways. The topic has an incredibly rich and well-developed theory, with links to many other topics in probability theory. Familiarity with basic Markov chain terminology and theory is often considered essential for anyone interested in studying statistics and probability. We present an introduction to basic Markov chain theory in this chapter.
LANGUAGE TRANSFER AND UNIVERSAL GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS

It is generally accepted by both theoreticians and language teachers that when attempting to communicate in a second language, learners often “transfer” elements of their native language onto the speech patterns of the target language. Despite the wide recognition of this phenomenon and the important role it has had in language learning and pedagogical search, true nature has not been adequately established. In owner to better determine the nature of language transfer, a study investigating the acquisition of relative clauses by adult second language learners was conducted. The purposes of this study were to determine what language transfer consists of, what language phenomena are and are not transferred, what constitutes evidence for the existence of transfer and what the role in language transfer of language universals is. It was found that an adequate description of language transfer cannot be given without a consideration of target language facts and language universals. On the basis of these results a model of language transfer is proposed that predicts under which conditions transfer is most likely to occur. The model suggested herein includes notions of language universals, language distance and surface language phenomena.
Availability, Usability, and Desirability of Instructional Materials and Media for Minority Handicapped Students

A national cross-section of 270 educators of minority-group handicapped children and adolescents in 13 states was interviewed regarding their present and past media/materials usage with minority-group handicapped learners, the availability of materials, and the need for new materials. The perceptions of educators of Spanish-speaking students regarding the appropriateness of existing media/materials differed from those of teachers of either blacks or native Americans. The majority of educators of Spanish-speaking handicapped students felt that the existing media/materials were not compatible with the cultural background of their students and that the products on the market slighted this population. Educators indicated that they used many different media and materials ranging from print to multimedia packages. Games were used by 82% of the educators, and workbook consumable materials were used by over 70% of the educators. Teachers' comments reflected a growing concern for the rising, often excessive cost o...
A model for analyzing the interface properties of a semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor structure. I. Capacitance and conductance techniques

A model is presented for analyzing the interface properties of a semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor (SIS) capacitor structure. By introducing a coupling factor, conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor theory is extended to analyze the interface properties of the film/buried-oxide/substrate interfaces of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material. This model was used to determine parameters such as doping concentration, buried oxide thickness, fixed oxide charge, and interface trap density from the SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) based SIS capacitors. >
Newer concepts in the surgical treatment of valvular heart disease

The search for the ideal therapy for valve replacement continues. The major options include mechanical or tissue valves, with an increasing variety of tissue valves becoming available. The key factor continues to be thrombogenicity versus durability. Aortic valve surgery primarily consists of replacement. This is aided by the increased variety of options allowing tailoring of the procedure to the patient's native valve disease. Mitral valve surgery has greater potential for repair, which affords preservation of the native valve, optimizing function and reducing long-term complications. An increasingly popular concept is treatment of secondary or functional mitral valve regurgitation in the setting of depressed left ventricular function. The routine use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography and a trend toward the use of minimally invasive procedures are altering the conduct of valve operations.
A collection of visual thesauri for browsing large collections of geographic images

Digital libraries of geo-spatial multimedia content are currently deficient in providing fuzzy, concept-based retrieval mechanisms to users. The main challenge is that indexing and thesaurus creation are extremely laborintensive processes for text documents and especially for images. Recently, 800,000 declassified satellite photographs were made available by the United States Geological Survey. Additionally, millions of satellite and aerial photographs are archived in national and local map libraries. Such enormous collections make human indexing and thesaurus generation methods impossible to utilize. In this article we propose a scalable method to automatically generate visual thesauri of large collections of geo-spatial media using fuzzy, unsupervised machine-learning techniques.
The skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel has an oxidoreductase-like domain

Abstract We used a combination of bioinformatics, electron cryomicroscopy, and biochemical techniques to identify an oxidoreductase-like domain in the skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel protein (RyR1). The initial prediction was derived from sequence-based fold recognition for the N-terminal region (41–420) of RyR1. The putative domain was computationally localized to the clamp domain in the cytoplasmic region of a 22A structure of RyR1. This localization was subsequently confirmed by difference imaging with a sequence specific antibody. Consistent with the prediction of an oxidoreductase domain, RyR1 binds [3H]NAD+, supporting a model in which RyR1 has a oxidoreductase-like domain that could function as a type of redox sensor.
Neurospora Mutant Exhibiting Hyperproduction of Amylase and Invertase

A mutant strain of Neurospora crassa has been isolated which is derepressed for amylase and β-fructofuranosidase (invertase). Large amounts of the two enzymes were secreted into the culture medium upon depletion of exogenous carbon source. The resulting increases of the two extracellular enzymes were prevented by actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and glycerol. The starving cells of the mutant strain produced amylase and invertase de novo, as evidenced by incorporation of radioactive amino acids into the enzymes. Preliminary genetic studies indicate that these elevated enzyme levels described are due to a single gene mutation.
Case Report: Pulmonary Kaposi Sarcoma in a non-HIV patient

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative tumor associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). Often known as one of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining skin diseases, pulmonary involvement in KS has only been discussed in a handful of case reports, rarely in a non-HIV patient. Herein we report the case of a 77 year-old- male who presented with a 6-week history of progressive dyspnea on exertion accompanied by productive cough of yellow sputum and intermittent hemoptysis. His past medical history was significant for Non-Hodgkin’s Follicular B-Cell Lymphoma (NHL). Patient also had biopsy-confirmed cutaneous KS. His physical exam was notable for a 2cm firm, non-tender, mobile right submandibular lymph node. Lungs were clear to auscultation. He had multiple violet non-tender skin lesions localized to the lower extremities. CT scan of the chest showed numerous nodular opacities and small pleural effusions in both lungs. A thoracenthesis was performed, showing sero-sanguineous exudative effusions. Histopathology failed to demonstrate malignant cells or lymphoma. A subsequent bronchoscopy revealed diffusely hyperemic, swollen mucosa of the lower airways with mucopurulent secretions. Bronchoalveolar lavage PCR for HHV-8 showed 5800 DNA copies/mL. It was believed that his pulmonary symptoms were likely due to disseminated KS. This case illustrates the potential for significant lung injury from KS. It also demonstrates the use of PCR for HHV-8 to diagnose KS in a bronchoalveolar lavage sample in a case when bronchoscopic biopsy was not safe. Furthermore, this case is unique in that the patient did not match the typical KS subgroups as HIV infection and other immune disorders were ruled out. Recognition of this syndrome is critical to the institution of appropriate therapy. As such, this case should be of interest to a broad readership across internal medicine including the specialties of Pulmonology and Critical Care.
Jewel Savadelis (a)

In this undisguised case, Jewel Savadelis has creates for herself the marketing director's position for the home video-game division at Atari, Inc. Less than 90 days into her new job, Savadelis is asked to supervise the 15 programmers who produce these games--and the revenues for the division. The three senior programmers advise Savadelis that they will permit her to become their supervisor under certain conditions. Savadelis must decide whether to take the job and, if so, under what conditions. (Follow-up cases are PACS-0020 and PACS-0021.)
Redistribution and Social Insurance

We study optimal redistribution and insurance in a life-cycle economy with private idiosyncratic shocks. We characterize Pareto optima, show the forces determining optimal labor distortions, and derive closed form expressions for their limiting behavior. The labor distortions for high-productivity shocks are determined by the labor elasticity and the higher moments of the shock process; the labor distortions for low-productivity shocks are determined by the autocorrelation of the shock process, redistributive objectives, and past distortions. In a model calibrated using newly available estimates of idiosyncratic shocks, the labor distortions are U-shaped and the savings distortions generally increase in current earnings. (JEL D82, D91, H21, H23, I38, J22, J24)
Spin Half – Software for Simulating Core Quantum Concepts

The computer program Spin Half enables students to design and execute simulated experiments concerning measurement, interference, and entanglement with spin-1/2 atoms--but one facet of a new quantum mechanics curriculum that begins with spin-1/2 systems.
An Undescribed Hyphomycete from Wood Submerged in a Rhode Island Stream

SUMMARYA unique fungus characterized by the production of large, dark, multiseptate, fusiform chlamydospores is described and illustrated, and assigned to the new genus Xylomyces, as X. chlamydosporis. The fungus has been found on several occasions on immersed dead, decaying wood, collected in a tide-water stream in southern Rhode Island, and is also known from a single collection made in Alabama. The new genus, placed in the Mycelia Sterilia of the Hyphomycetes, is suggestive of the fossil genus Pluricellaesporites.
Effect of antihistamine on reproductive organ and body growth and attainment of puberty in female rats.

SummaryWeanling Sprague-Dawley strain female rats were divided randomly into test and control groups. Beginning on day 23, rats in the test group received, regardless of body weight, daily subcutaneous injections of 50 μg of Benadryl for 14 days, controls received distilled water. Benadryl treatment resulted in a retardation of body growth, growth of reproductive organs, and attainment of puberty.The authors express their sincere appreciation to Dr. Hamilton B. G. Robinson, Dean of the School of Dentistry of the University of Missouri-Kansas City, for his encouragement and criticisms in preparing this manuscript.
Analysis of and Reflections on the Evolution of Teacher-Student Relationship in Domestic and Foreign Universities

Construction of a world-class,prestigious university has been set as an aim for their development in many Chinese universities.However,a harmonious teacher-student relationship can not be done without in such a university.So a study of the differences between domestic and foreign universities in this respect and exploration of the causes for the differences may be of great help to the establishment of a harmonious teacherstudent relationship in Chinese universities.
Dairy Waste Treatment with Anaerobic Stationary Fixed Film Reactors

Cheese whey and a dilute waste from a cheese factory with a Chemical Oxygen Demand of 66,000 and 4,000 mg (COD)/L respectively, were treated at high loading rates in 0.7 to 1.2 L downflow anaerobic stationary fixed film reactors and an upflow sludge bed reactor. In downflow stationary fixed film reactors treating cheese whey, COD removal efficiencies of 97% were achieved at a loading rate of 5 kg COD/m 3 /day and 92% at a maximum loading rate of 22 kg COD/m 3 /day. With dairy plant waste, loading rates of up to 15 kg COD/m 3 /day were possible with COD removal efficiencies averaging 75%, decreasing slightly with increasing loading rates. In an upflow sludge bed reactor the COD removal efficiency of dairy plant waste, decreased from 87% at 5 kg COD/m 3 /day to 73% at 15 kg COD/m 3 /day. A stationary fixed film reactor treating a skim milk powder waste (4,000 ppm) could only be operated at up to 10 kg COD/m 3 /day with a treatment efficiency of 72%. Methane was produced from all wastes at rates corresponding to 0.32 m 3 CH 4 (0°C, 1 atm) per kg COD removed. Results show that stationary fixed film reactors are capable of treating dairy wastes at high loading rates and high COD removal efficiencies.
Lithium: the present and the future.

The potential benefits of lithium extend beyond the treatment of acute mania and maintenance of patients with bipolar disorder, the only indications currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. When used as adjunctive therapy, lithium augments the therapeutic effects of conventional antidepressants and is particularly useful in patients with resistant depression. The efficacy of the drug in the treatment of alcoholism has been a matter of controversy for several years; the most recent data suggest that the agent has limited, if any, utility in this population. More promising applications have emerged in the management of obsessive compulsive disorder. Some evidence has also suggested that lithium may possess antiviral properties. Side effects, particularly those involving the thyroid and kidney, continue to generate concern, and drug-drug interactions must also be considered whenever lithium is prescribed.
“A handshake across the Himalayas:” Chinese investment, hydropower development, and state formation in Nepal

AbstractThis article examines contemporary patterns of Chinese infrastructure development in Nepal’s Rasuwa District and the ways in which Nepali actors engage with Chinese investments to advance projects of state formation. Particularly in the wake of political volatility and natural disaster, Chinese interventions support the material and imaginative projects of a Nepalese state seeking stability, security, and economic growth. Long perceived as peripheral to the state center, Rasuwa is rapidly becoming central to Sino-Nepal relations, particularly in the context of bilateral investments in hydropower and transportation infrastructure. Drawing on data generated from 30 months of fieldwork in Nepal, we argue that Chinese development in Rasuwa: a) undergirds territorializing practices of the Nepalese state; b) represents a “gift of development” that connects Nepali ambitions of bikas (development) with Chinese anxieties over exile Tibetan populations; and c) reflects a strategic reorientation of geopoliti...
A deterministic approach to stochastic computation

Stochastic logic performs computation on data represented by random bit streams. The representation allows complex arithmetic to be performed with very simple logic, but it suffers from high latency and poor precision. Furthermore, the results are always somewhat inaccurate due to random fluctuations. The random or pseudorandom sources required to generate the representation are costly, consuming a majority of the circuit area (and diminishing the overall gains in area). In this paper, we show that randomness is not a requirement for this computational paradigm. If properly structured, the same arithmetical constructs can operate on deterministic bit streams, with the data represented uniformly by the fraction of 1's versus 0's. This paper presents three approaches for the computation: relatively prime stream lengths, rotation, and clock division. The three methods are evaluated on a collection of arithmetical functions. Unlike stochastic methods, all three of our deterministic methods produce completely accurate results. The cost of generating the deterministic streams is a small fraction of the cost of generating streams from random/pseudorandom sources. Most importantly, the latency is reduced by a factor of 1/2n, where n is the equivalent number of bits of precision.
Disordered Eating Behaviors and Food Addiction among Nutrition Major College Students.

Evidence of whether nutrition students are free from food-related issues or at higher risk for eating disorders is inconsistent. This study aimed to assess disordered eating behaviors and food addiction among nutrition and non-nutrition major college students. Students (n = 967, ages 18–25, female 72.7%, white 74.8%) enrolled at a public university completed online demographic characteristics surveys and validated questionnaires measuring specific disordered eating behaviors. Academic major category differences were compared. Additionally, high risk participants were assessed by weight status and academic year. Overall, 10% of respondents were a high level of concern for developing eating disorders. About 10.3% of respondents met criteria for food addiction. In addition, 4.5% of respondents had co-occurrence of eating disorder risk and food addiction risk out of total respondents. There were no significant differences in level of concern for developing an eating disorder, eating subscales, or food addiction among academic majors. The percentage of high risk participants was lower in the underweight/normal weight group than in the overweight/obese group in health-related non-nutrition major students but not in nutrition students. Early screening, increasing awareness, and promoting healthy eating habits could be potential strategies to help treat and prevent the development of disorders or associated health conditions in nutrition as well as non-nutrition students.
Phase II Randomized Trial of Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy to Decrease Surgical Site Infection in Patients Undergoing Laparotomy for Gastrointestinal, Pancreatic, and Peritoneal Surface Malignancies.

Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a major source of morbidity and cost after resection of intra-abdominal malignancies. Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been reported to significantly reduce SSIs when applied to the closed laparotomy incision. This article reports the results of a randomized clinical trial examining the effect of NPWT on SSI rates in surgical oncology patients with increased risk for infectious complications. Study Design From 2012 to 2016, two hundred and sixty-five patients who underwent open resection of intra-abdominal neoplasms were stratified into 3 groups: gastrointestinal (n = 57), pancreas (n = 73), or peritoneal surface (n = 135) malignancy. They were randomized to receive NPWT or standard surgical dressing (SSD) applied to the incision from postoperative days 1 through 4. Primary outcomes of combined incisional (superficial and deep) SSI rates were assessed up to 30 days after surgery. Results There were no significant differences in superficial SSIs (12.8% vs 12.9%; p > 0.99) or deep SSI (3.0% vs 3.0%; p > 0.99) rates between the SSD and NPWT groups, respectively. When stratified by type of surgery, there were still no differences in combined incisional SSI rates for gastrointestinal (25% vs 24%; p > 0.99), pancreas (22% vs 22%; p > 0.99), and peritoneal surface malignancy (9% vs 9%; p > 0.99) patients. When performing univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of demographic and operative factors for the development of combined incisional SSI, the only independent predictors were preoperative albumin (p = 0.0031) and type of operation (p = 0.018). Conclusions Use of NPWT did not significantly reduce incisional SSI rates in patients having open resection of gastrointestinal, pancreatic, or peritoneal surface malignancies. Based on these results, at this time NPWT cannot be recommended as a therapeutic intervention to decrease infectious complications in these patient populations.
Ethanol-Modified Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of the Bioactive Lipid Components of Camelina sativa Seed

Camelina sativa seed is an underutilized oil source that attracts a growing interest, but it requires more research on its composition and processing. Its high omega-3 content and growing demand for clean food processing technologies make conventional oil extraction less attractive. In this study, the effect of extraction methods on the bioactive lipid composition of the camelina seed lipid was investigated, and its bioactive lipid composition was modified at the extraction stage using ethanol-modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). Ethanol-modified SC-CO2 extractions were carried out at varying temperatures (50 and 70 °C), pressures (35 and 45 MPa), and ethanol concentrations (0–10%, w/w), and were compared to SC-CO2, cold press, and hexane extraction. The highest total lipid yield (37.6%) was at 45 MPa/70 °C/10% (w/w) ethanol. Phospholipids and phenolic content increased significantly with ethanol-modified SC-CO2 (p < 0.05). SC-CO2 with 10% (w/w) ethanol concentration selectively increased phosphatidylcholine (PC) content. Apparent solubility of camelina seed lipids in SC-CO2, determined using the Chrastil model, ranged from 0.0065 kg oil/kg CO2 (35 MPa/50 °C) to 0.0133 kg oil/kg CO2 (45 MPa/70 °C). Ethanol-modified SC-CO2 extraction allowed modification of the lipid composition that was not possible with the conventional extraction methods. This is a promising green method for extraction and fractionation of camelina seed lipids to separate and enrich its bioactives.
Online Surveillance’s Effect on Support for Other Extraordinary Measures to Prevent Terrorism

The U.S. National Security Agency argues that online mass surveillance has played a pivotal role in preventing acts of terrorism on U.S. soil since 9/11. But journalists and academics have decried the practice, arguing that the implementation of such extraordinary provisions may lead to a slippery slope. As the first study to investigate empirically the relationship between online surveillance and support for other extraordinary measures to prevent terrorism, we find that perceptions of government monitoring lead to increased support for hawkish foreign policy through value-conflict associations in memory that prompt a suppression of others’ online and offline civil liberties, including rights to free speech and a fair trial. Implications for the privacy–security debate are discussed.
Translating the Forging and Forgery of Mid-nineteenth-Century Swiss(-German) Identity in Gottfried Keller’s People of Seldwyla

Focusing on his translations of the literary “Introduction” and “Foreword” and one of the ten novellas in Gottfried Keller’s collection The People of Seldwyla, Gabriel explores the way in which Keller’s two literary frames work together with Keller’s stories. In doing so, Gabriel seeks to demonstrate the need not only for an English translation of the complete collection but also for the inclusion of Keller’s literary “Introduction” and “Foreword” in English translations of any individual stories from the collection. He argues that a sense of Schadenfreude pervades Keller’s use of the town and the people of Seldville as an opportunity to forge, in both senses of the word, a Swiss(-German) identity within and against some of the predominant German-language literary, political, cultural, and linguistic contexts of his time.
Kidney Disease in HIV: Moving beyond HIV-Associated Nephropathy

In developed countries, remarkable advances in antiretroviral therapy have transformed HIV infection into a chronic condition. As a result, HIV-associated nephropathy, the classic HIV-driven kidney lesion among individuals of African descent, has largely disappeared in these regions. However, HIV-positive blacks continue to have much higher rates of ESRD than HIV-positive whites, which could be attributed to the APOL1 renal risk variants. Additionally, HIV-positive individuals face adverse consequences beyond HIV itself, including traditional risk factors for CKD and nephrotoxic effects of antiretroviral therapy. Concerns for nephrotoxicity also extend to HIV-negative individuals using tenofovir disoproxil fumarate–based pre-exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection. Therefore, CKD remains an important comorbid condition in the HIV-positive population and an emerging concern among HIV-negative persons receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis. With the improved longevity of HIV-positive individuals, a kidney transplant has become a viable option for many who have progressed to ESRD. Herein, we review the growing knowledge regarding the APOL1 renal risk variants in the context of HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy–related nephrotoxicity, and developments in kidney transplantation among HIV-positive individuals.
Neonatal Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome (KMS): case report

A 2days baby girl presented with congenital reddish-blue swelling over chest and abdomen with thrombocytopenia. The clinical, imagining and laboratory findings suggested the diagnosis of KMS. Oral steroid was started with initially needed platelet and FFP transfusions. Large thoracic hemangioma was non-amenable to surgical and radiological interventions. Vincristine was initiated after 2week trial of Prednisolone for persistent thrombocytopenia and non-regressing haemangioma. Over a week the lesion shrunk with improving platelet count. Vincristine was stopped after 4weeks in view of no further tumour shrinkage. The patient was discharged on steroid advised for 6-12 months and showed significant tumour regression at 3month.
Monitoring volumetric fluctuations in tropical lakes and reservoirs using satellite remote sensing

Keys TA, Scott DT. 2017. Monitoring volumetric fluctuations in tropical lakes and reservoirs using satellite remote sensing. Lake Reserv Manage. 34:154—166.Sustainable management of lakes and reser...
EFFECTS OF WORK REDESIGN ON EMPLOYEE PERCEPTIONS, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIORS: A LONG-TERM INVESTIGATION

The work of Hackman and his associates stimulated current interest in work redesign (Hackman & Lawler, 1971; Hackman & Oldham, 1976, 1980). Drawing from earlier work by Turner and Lawrence (1965), Hackman argued that the motivating potential of jobs can be best represented by a number of task dimensions. The dimensions most commonly described are task variety, autonomy, feedback, identity, and significance. The presumption is that if a job has relatively high levels of these attributes, its motivating potential is greater than that of a job that has relatively low levels of the attributes. Although others have advanced alternative theoretical formulations (cf. Salancik & Pfeffer, 1978), Hackman's basic theoretical framework has not been refuted. And even though the potential role of individual differences has fallen to a position of secondary interest, the general approach of relating task perceptions to outcome variables is still a common method of studying tasks (e.g., Idaszak & Drasgow, 1987; Gerhart, 1988). Indeed, the extant research in this area has found fairly consistent support for a link between task perceptions and attitudes (cf. Griffin, 1982a). On the other hand, the link between task perceptions and performance is less clear-cut (Griffin, Welsh, & Moorhead, 1981). In some instances, for example, task perceptions have been unrelated to performance (e.g., Hackman &
Otitis Media and Interna and Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy

Otitis media/interna in the equine most commonly is a chronic, insidious infection with the unique sequella of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy in some horses. Head shaking may be the only clinical sign of the early stages of this disease. The arthritic condition often leads to fusion of the temporohyoid joint with resultant stress fractures of the petrous temporal bone. When this occurs, the horse presents as an acute neurologic case with clinical signs of vestibular and facial nerve dysfunction. Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are discussed. Recognition of this syndrome is important because many of these horses can be treated successfully and can return to normal function.
The Infant as a Focus for Family Reciprocity

The human infant, from birth onward, exhibits predictable behavioral patterns with an adult conspecific. Within the first few weeks, he establishes differentiated behavioral sets for interaction with objects and with persons (Brazelton, Koslowski, & Main, 1974).