cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Vestibular Stimulation on Nystagmus Response and Motor Performance in the Developmentally Delayed Infant

The effects were studied of 10 days' exposure to daily repetitive, specific vestibular stimulation on motor performance of children with Down's syndrome and normal children. A quantitative assessment of vestibular function was made in these children including the habituation response of postrotatory nystagmus. Control groups were included. Both the children with Down's syndrome and the normal children who received vestibular therapy demonstrated positive effects when evaluated using a quantitative motor skills assessment test. Control and treatment children showed vestibular habituation, with treatment children evidencing the greater change. This change may reflect the acquisition of an increased level of central nervous system inhibitory control.
The Role of Microlayers in Controlling Phytoplankton Productivity

In virtually all measurements of phytoplankton productivity, the environment sampled is typical of the bulk or homogeneous water column and not reflective of localized discontinuities which exist in situ. This is particularly true in hypertrophic environments. Establishment of microenvironmental regions adjacent to actively growing microbial cells are shown in this study to impose significant growth rate constraints which are not suggested by bulk water sampling and ambient nutrient level.
CYTOKINE RESPONSES IN LEPROSY LESIONS

The clinical spectrum of leprosy reflects the diverse nature of human immune responses to Mycobacterium leprae. The clinical presentations correlate with the level of cell-mediated immunity against M. leprae. Cell-mediated immunity, as assessed by the Mitsuda reaction, is positive in tuberculoid patients and negative in lepromatous patients. In contrast, humoral immunity, as assessed by anti-M. leprae antibodies is greatest in lepromatous patients. The inverse correlation between cell-mediated immunity can be explained on the basis of the local cytokine pattern.
Language choice in a nation under transition: The struggle between English and French in Cambodia

Cambodia offers an intriguing case study for the international spread of English. As a result of the multiple transitions the country is currently undergoing, English has increased dramatically in status in the last decade, essentially displacing French as the international language of choice. At the descriptive level, this article charts the spread of English into Cambodia, along side French efforts to contest this spread in favor of French. At the theoretical level, this article extrapolates from the case study to make a comment in the on going debate among scholars about English language spread. The Cambodian case contributes to this debate in several ways, notably in affirming or challenging the multinational attachments of English, the communicative inequality that English use may create, the economic exploitation that may result from the establishment of English in developing countries, and the resistance to English that may emerge in settings into which the language is spreading.
Demonstration Extensions Based on Color-Changing Goldenrod Paper

For many years, a type of goldenrod-colored paper has been used as an indicator to demonstrate acid–base behavior, turning yellowish in acidic conditions and reddish in basic conditions. This pH sensitive color change has been the basis of demonstrations involving making hidden messages and pictures using techniques such as printing (e.g., to make a “bloody” red handprint), spraying, wax resist, and electrolytic processes. Candidate dye compounds for the goldenrod paper that feature a pH sensitive yellow/red color change include Direct Yellow 4 and curcumin. Direct Yellow 4, curcumin, and the color-changing goldenrod paper also all exhibit additional changes to darker colors in very acidic solutions (pH < 0). This paper provides evidence that Direct Yellow 4 (or a closely related compound) and not curcumin is the dye present in the color-changing goldenrod paper. These color changes of the Direct Yellow 4 in the goldenrod paper, in conjunction with the fact that paper sheets can display two-dimensional im...
Nanoparticle/metal rear reflectors for low- and high-temperature silicon solar cells

Metallic rear electrodes in silicon solar cells with textured surfaces absorb infrared light parasitically, stealing current from the cells. The loss can be mitigated, however, with the insertion of a low-refractive-index dielectric layer between the metal and absorber that is at least as thick as the penetration depth of the evanescent wave that results when light arrives outside the escape cone at the rear interface. We investigate silicon nanoparticle coatings with tunable porosity-and thus refractive index-in this role. We show that a nanoparticle/Ag rear reflector achieves an internal reflectance exceeding 99.5%, and, when used in a silicon heterojunction solar cell, boosts the infrared short-circuit current density by 0.4 mA/cm2 compared to a state-of-the-art ITO/Ag reflector. In addition, the nanoparticle films survive annealing at temperatures up to 800°C without severe changes in their optical properties, suggesting that they may be used in high-temperature silicon solar cells too.
Elevated Resting and Postprandial Digestive Proteolytic Activity in Peripheral Blood of Individuals With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus, With Uncontrolled Cleavage of Insulin Receptors.

Objective: To examine resting and postprandial peripheral protease activity in healthy controls and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-T2DM. Methods: Individuals with T2DM or pre-T2DM and healthy controls (mean age 55.8 years) were studied before and for a span of 300 minutes following a single high-calorie McDonald's breakfast. Metalloproteases-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9), elastase, and trypsin activities were assessed in whole blood before and following the meal using a novel high-precision electrophoretic platform. Also assessed were circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers and insulin receptor density on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in relationship to protease activity. Results: Premeal MMP-2/-9 and elastase activity levels in T2DM and in pre-T2DM participants were significantly elevated as compared to controls. The T2DM group showed a significant increase in elastase activity 15 minutes after the meal; elastase activity continued to increase to the 30-minute time point (p < 0.01). In control participants, MMP-2/-9, elastase, and trypsin were significantly increased at 15 minutes after the meal (p < 0.05) and returned to premeal values within a period of approximately 30 to 60 minutes post meal. PBMCs incubated for 1 hour with plasma from T2DM and pre-T2DM participants had significantly lower levels of insulin receptor density compared to those incubated with plasma from control participants (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that individuals with T2DM and pre-T2DM have higher resting systemic protease activity than nonsymptomatic controls. A single high-calorie/high-carbohydrate meal results in further elevations of protease activity in the systemic circulation of T2DM and pre-T2DM, as well as in healthy controls. The protease activity in turn can lead to a downregulation of insulin receptor density, potentially supporting a state of insulin resistance.
Radiation recall pneumonitis in the setting of immunotherapy and radiation: a focused review

Radiation recall pneumonitis (RRP) is an entity described as pneumonitis localized to a previously irradiated field after exposure to a systemic agent. It has previously been described in the literature in the context of chemotherapeutic agents as well as certain biologics. With immunotherapy taking a more prominent role in the treatment of several different malignancies and its own baseline risk of pneumonitis, it is important to explore the likelihood of RRP, specifically in those patients who have been previously treated with radiation therapy. The current literature regarding RRP with checkpoint inhibitors is reviewed in this article. Alongside this review, we report a case of RRP after pembrolizumab initiation in a patient in our practice.
Analysis of YouTube as a Source of Information for Diabetic Foot Care

Background: Increasing amounts of diabetes-focused content is being posted to YouTube with little regulation as to the quality of the content. Diabetic education has been shown to reduce the risk o...
Osteochondral Autograft Transfer Procedure: Arthroscopic Technique and Technical Pearls

The Osteochondral Autograft Transfer System (OATS; Arthrex, Naples, FL) is an excellent option for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions within the knee. Current literature suggests that at early-term to midterm follow-up, patients experience improved function, alleviation of pain, and good satisfaction with acceptable complication rates. Although long-term data are lacking, studies in athletes have shown that the OATS can provide an adequate rate of return to sports. The OATS procedure has traditionally been considered an open procedure. However, with the advancement of arthroscopic techniques, the procedure can now be completed arthroscopically. We discuss this modern operation.
Periplasmic Binding Proteins: Structures and New Understanding of Protein-Ligand Interactions

The molecular approach to the study of active transport in bacteria has led to the identification of a group of proteins referred to as “binding proteins”, which are initial components of high affinity transport systems for a large variety of carbohydrates, amino acids, and ions. Several of the sugar-binding proteins also act as initial receptors for bacterial chemotaxis. These proteins, which are located in the periplasmic space, exhibit monomeric molecular weights in the range of 25,000 to 45,000 and contain one tight ligand binding site with dissociation constants of about 0.1 µM.
Characterization and Prediction of Performance Loss and MTTR During Fault Recovery on Scale-Out Storage Using DOE & RSM: A Case Study with Ceph

Recognizing the impact from cluster recovery operations on performance and mean time to recovery (MTTR) is essential to maintain service and availability objectives. Testing the impact of recovery operation can reveal a cause-and-effect relationship between recovery parameters and responses of performance and MTTR during the recovery process. This study introduces a combination of systematic methodologies of design of experiments and response surface methodologies to effectively and efficiently find out main and factor-to-factor interaction effects toward the responses. Two Ceph clusters using different storage device technologies, HDD and SSD respectively, were used to characterize the impact of recovery operation on performance and MTTR. The combination of quadratic and linear effects from both Ceph clusters were determined and reported. With 28 tests, MTTR and performance models were developed for each Ceph cluster based on those quadratic and linear effects. These models demonstrate good prediction on performance and MTTR when recovery parameters are adjusted. Using design of experiment and response surface not only allow cause and effect analysis, but also provide the potential inefficient parameter that causes performance loss during recovery. This not only introduces a new method to study cause-and-effect in MTTR but serves as the indicator to areas for improvement for more efficient recovery operation.
Sexual Violence in LGBTQ Communities

Multiple studies indicate that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals are at an increased risk of sexual violence compared to their heterosexual, cisgender counterparts. These disparities, which are evident across a variety of definitions of rape and sexual assault, have prompted researchers to further explore the dynamics, outcomes, and societal responses regarding sexual violence within LGBTQ communities. The existing literature is limited (particularly with regard to transgender victims) but growing rapidly. This chapter provides an overview of existing literature on sexual violence in LGBTQ communities, including how legal definitions of sexual assault and rape have changed over time to become more inclusive, methodological challenges in studying LGBTQ sexual violence, risk factors of victimization, tactics and prevalence, negative mental and physical health outcomes associated with sexual violence, barriers to help-seeking, and disclosure experience. Where the literature permits, distinctions are drawn between the victimization experiences of sexual minorities (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual individuals) and gender minorities (e.g., transgender, nonbinary, genderqueer individuals). Special attention is given to LGBTQ victims of sexual violence committed in the context of a hate crime, among incarcerated populations, in childhood, and within intimate relationships. Recommendations are provided for improving future research, public policy, and service provision that address sexual violence in LGBTQ lives.
Treatment of pediatric high-grade central nervous system tumors with high-dose methotrexate in combination with multiagent chemotherapy: A single-institution experience.

Background Effective treatment for pediatric embryonal brain tumors includes dose-intensive multiagent chemotherapy (DIMAC) followed by high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue (HDCSCR). Use of repeated cycles of DIMAC including high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) without HDCSCR has not been described. Procedure We retrospectively reviewed the responses/toxicities in 13 patients (aged 2-155 months, median 22 months) with central nervous system (CNS) tumors (atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors, CNS embryonal tumors not otherwise specified, pineoblastoma, embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, and CNS sarcoma) treated over a 12-year period with repeated cycles of HDMTX followed by etoposide, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine. Results Six patients (46.2%) had disseminated disease at presentation and five (38.5%) had gross total resection. A total of 64 courses of therapy were administered with a median of five courses per patient. Eight patients (61.5%) received radiation therapy (one at relapse). By completion of therapy, 11 patients (84.6%) achieved a response (six complete, five partial). Six of the 13 patients (46.2%) remain alive with a median follow-up of 48 months (6-146). Acute toxicities included fever/neutropenia (70.3%), bacteremia (15.6%), and grade 3 mucositis (18.8%). Long-term complications included learning disability, seizure disorder, and brain necrosis, without treatment-related deaths. Conclusions DIMAC with HDMTX without HDCSCR may be an effective treatment option for selected patients with embryonal or high-grade CNS tumors.
Evaluation of Induction Strategies in Heart Transplant at a Single Center

Purpose Immunosuppression induction is commonly utilized in heart transplant (HT) to prevent acute rejection and/or delay calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) initiation. However, guidance on whether to use induction and preferred agent(s) are not well defined. This is reflected by high practice variability across centers. According to ISHLT registry data, 54% of adult HT cases utilized induction, 31% with an IL-2R antagonist and 23% with a T-cell depleting agent. Our center has primarily utilized 3 strategies based on rejection risk and need to delay CNI: IL-2R antagonist (basiliximab), T-cell depleting (anti-thymocyte globulin, rabbit (rATG)), or no induction. Our study's objective was to compare these strategies’ safety and effectiveness. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted at a large academic medical center, including HT cases performed between January 2015 and April 2019. Patients were stratified by induction strategy used at the time of transplant. The primary outcomes were rate of biopsy-proven acute cellular rejection (ACR) grade 2R or higher, treated antibody mediated rejection (AMR), and any infection within one year of transplantation. Results From January 2015 to April 2019, 145 total HTs were included in our study (123 heart, 20 heart-kidney, and 2 heart-liver). rATG was the most common induction strategy used (36%), followed by no induction (35%), and basiliximab (26%). Four patients (3%) received 1 dose of basiliximab but were switched to rATG. ACR rates were not statistically different among induction groups: 22% with no induction, 11% with basiliximab, 17% with rATG, and 0% with combination (p = 0.51). AMR rates were also not statistically different: 6% with no induction, 5% with basiliximab, 4% with rATG, and 0% with combination (p = 0.93). There was no difference detected in donor-specific antibody (DSA) formation at 1 year (p = 0.81). The percentages of patients with any infection were: 53% with no induction, 55% with basiliximab, 62% with rATG, and 75% with combination (p = 0.90). Conclusion Incidences of ACR, AMR, DSA formation, and infection were not statistically different among induction strategies at one year post-transplant. It may be beneficial to individualize induction strategies based on recipient factors at the time of transplantation. Long term outcomes in this patient cohort are yet to be determined.
Ausbildungsfragen Medizinische Informatik — Aspekte aus der Sicht des Zukünftigen Abnehmers

Bei allem wohlverstandenem Selbstbewustsein ist es nicht ungefahrlich am Beispiel des hessischen DV-Verbundes Aspekte uber die Einsatzmoglichkeiten medizinischer Informatiker zu diskutieren, da eine ubertragbarkeit derartiger Uberlegungen auf andere Abnehmer sicher fragwurdig ist. Auf der anderen Seite stehen die Gesichtspunkte, welche ich nachfolgend am praktischen Beispiel der Erfahrungen innerhalb des hessischen DV-Verbundes darlegen will, der Tendenz nach sicher auch fur andere Grosrechenzentren der offentlichen Hand, d.h. insbesondere fur die Landerrechenzentralen. Inwieweit Analogie-Schlusse fur andere Abnehmer moglich sind, soll der Diskussion vorbehalten bleiben.
Antibiotic utilization during the COVID-19 surge in Detroit

Background: Antibiotic overutilization during the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported, despite relatively infrequent bacterial co-infection We explored antibiotic utilization before, during and after the COVID-19 surge in Michigan Methods: Cross-sectional study at an 877-bed hospital in Detroit, Michigan from January 2019 through May 2020 Measures: Count of COVID-19 hospital admissions by day Monthly antibiotic utilization for formulary agents used to treat pneumonia were measured using monthly days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient days present and the National Health Care Safety Network Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratio (SAAR) Descriptive analysis was utilized Results: The first COVID-19 case was detected March 11, 2020 and peaked in early April (Figure 1) Antibiotic utilization is demonstrated in Figure 2 The COVID-19 peak was associated with increased use of multiple antibiotics;notably, DOT per 1000 days present for ceftriaxone, cefepime and doxycycline were 85 43, 79 42 and 71 56, respectively in April The institutional all-antibacterial SAAR was significantly reduced in May at 0 96, p=0 0022, after the COVID-19 surge Conclusion: We observed increased utilization of multiple antibiotics during the COVID-19 surge, and reduction in the all-antibacterial SAAR after the surge More robust information is needed to promote optimal antibiotic use for patients with COVID-19 infections (Figure Presented)
The limited effectiveness of bedside positive pressure irrigation on pistol projectile wound contaminant: A biomechanics study:

BackgroundPistol caliber gunshot wounds (PC GSW) are the most common mode of firearm injury treated in the civilian emergency setting, but there is a paucity of data guiding best practice treatment...
Abstract 17323: Personalizing Cholesterol Management Therapy Using Electronic Medical Records and Machine Learning

Introduction: Optimal statin treatment decisions for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) rely on shared decision-making between patient and provider. We sought to d...
Amines have lower sooting tendencies than analogous alkanes, alcohols, and ethers

Abstract While the sooting tendencies of regular hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and complex fuel mixtures have been well-studied, far less research has been devoted to analyzing the influence of fuel-nitrogen on soot formation. The effect of nitrogen on soot formation becomes relevant for diesel fuels with nitrogen-containing additives, as well as biomass or biomass-derived fuels, which can contain up to 30% nitrogen-containing compounds by dry weight. To begin closing these gaps in the literature, the sooting tendencies of 14 C4 and C6 amines were measured. Sooting tendencies were quantified by re-scaling relative soot concentrations measured in fuel-doped methane flames into Yield Sooting Indices (YSI). The relative soot concentrations were measured with line-of-sight spectral radiance, and validation experiments confirmed that the presence of nitrogen in the test compounds did not interfere with this diagnostic. All of these amines had lower sooting tendencies than the structurally analogous hydrocarbons and oxygenates. The sooting tendencies of amine isomers with the same chemical formula varied significantly. Secondary amines with linear substituents were found to offer the lowest sooting propensity, while primary amines with branched substituents were observed to yield the largest sooting tendencies. The relationship between sooting propensity and chemical structure of the amines hints at the complex nature of soot formation, and highlights an interesting and unexplored area of combustion chemistry for further studies.
Tropfenaufwirbelvorgang bei einem Fahrzeugreifen

Der Vorgang des Tropfenaufwurfes bei einem Reifen besteht aus mehreren Einzelprozessen. Ausgangslage ist der Abrollvorgang eines Reifens uber eine nasse Fahrbahn, bei dem die Reifenoberflache einen Teil des Fahrbahnwassers aufnimmt. Dieses aufgenommene Wasser unterliegt auf der Reifenoberflache unterschiedlichen Kraften, die dazu fuhren, dass das Wasser in Form von kleinen Tropfen an die Umgebung abgegeben wird. Die physikalischen Zusammenhange und Grundlagen der einzelnen relevanten Teilprozesse dieses Tropfenaufwirbelvorganges werden in dem folgenden Abschnitt vorgestellt.
Surgical Anatomy of the Endoscopic Gastrocnemius Recession.

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to analyze the surgical anatomy of the endoscopic gastrocnemius recession procedure with reference to the curved nature of the aponeurosis. A consecutive series of 34 MRI scans were evaluated under the direction of a musculoskeletal radiologist. An angular calculation of the effective curvature of the aponeurosis was measured 2cm distal to the musculotendinous junction based on the maximal posterior excursion and terminal medial and lateral edges. A frequency count was additionally performed of the number of deep intramuscular septa extending from the aponeurosis, as well as a description of the location of the neurovascular bundle in this location. The mean effective curvature was 126.5 degrees (SD=6.3 degrees, range 115-143 degrees, 95% confidence interval 124.3-128.7 degrees). We observed an average of 1.2 (SD=0.5, range=0-2) deep intramuscular septa extending from the aponeurosis, and that 20.6% of neurovascular bundles were located superficial to the aponeurosis in this location. In conclusion, we found that a straight cannula needs to be navigated around an approximate 125-degree angle during performance of the EGR procedure. We think that this information provides evidence of potentially unrecognized complications of this procedure and leads to future investigations demonstrating anatomic and procedural outcomes. Level of Clinical Evidence : 5
Bid-ask spreads around earnings announcements : evidence from the NASDAQ National Market System

Changes in bid-ask spreads are small around earnings announcements in general. However, there is evidence of a temporary increase in bid-ask spreads at the time earnings are announced for announcements that convey the most information, especially for announcements that are late and convey bad news. Good news releases (particularly when they occur earlier than expected) are associated with a larger trading volume reaction than bad news releases, which helps to explain the differential spread effects. Overall, the evidence indicates that those announcements that generate the most ex-post uncertainty among investors are associated with the largest spread effects.
Outcomes in total elbow arthroplasty in patients with haemophilia at the University of California, San Francisco: a retrospective review

Severe haemophilic arthropathy of the elbow is a significant cause of morbidity among adults with haemophilia. However, previous reports of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) in the haemophilic population have been based on small numbers of patients with relatively short-term follow-up. The records of seven total elbow arthroplasties in six adult men with haemophilia at the University of California, San Francisco who underwent TEA over a period of 25 years were retrospectively reviewed. Type of haemophilia, age at time of TEA, HIV infection status, pre- and postoperative range-of-motion (ROM) scores, complications (including infections), need for subsequent surgical revision and functional outcomes were recorded. Four patients had severe factor VIII deficiency and two patients had severe factor IX deficiency. None of the patients had an inhibitor. The mean age at the time of surgery was 34 years (range, 22-46 years) and the mean follow-up period was 118 months (range, 37-176 months). One of the six patients had TEA in both elbows. Five of the six patients were infected with HIV. There were no immediate perioperative complications. At a mean of 19.2 months postoperatively, ROM had improved in five of seven TEAs: mean flexion had increased from 110.7° (SD = 15.0) to 120.1° (SD = 14.5), whereas mean preoperative extension increased from -44.3° (SD = 21.5) to -36.9° (SD = 27.0). One patient required a revision at 30 months because of ulnar component loosening. This same patient sustained a staph epidermidis infection and ultimate removal of the prosthesis 15 years postoperatively. At a mean of 118 months postoperatively, five of six patients continued to report reduced pain and preserved functionality, with ability to perform normal daily activities. TEA resulted in favourable results in six of seven procedures. Our findings support the viability of TEA for individuals with severe haemophilic arthropathy of the elbow, especially to reduce pain and preserve or restore functionality.
Towards Behavioral Maude: Behavioral Membership Equational Logic

Abstract How can algebraic and coalgebraic specifications be integrated? How can behavioral equivalence be addressed in an algebraic specification language? The hidden-sorted approach, originating in work of Goguen and Meseguer in the early 80's, and further developed into the hidden-sorted logic approach by researchers at Oxford, UC San Diego, and Kanazawa offers some attractive answers, and has been implemented in both BOBJ and CafeOBJ. In this work we investigate both further extensions of hidden logic, and an extension of the Maude specification language called BMaude supporting this extended hidden-sorted semantics. Maude's underlying equational logic, membership equational logic, generalizes and increases the expressive power of many-sorted and order-sorted equational logics. We develop a hidden-sorted extension of membership equational logic, and give conditions under which theories have both an algebraic and a coalgebraic semantics, including final (co-)algebras. We also discuss the language design of BMaude, based on such an extended logic and using categorical notions in and across the different institutions involved. We also explain how Maude's reflective semantics provides a systematic method to extend Maude to BMaude within Maude, including module composition operations, evaluation, and automated proof methods.
Transcarboxylase. VI. Kinetic analysis of the reaction mechanism.

Abstract The forward and reverse reactions catalyzed by transcarboxylase have been studied in the presence and absence of products and substrate analogues. The kinetic patterns of initial velocities at low substrate concentrations support the conclusion that the transcarboxylase reaction proceeds through two half-reactions in a "ping-pong" mechanism with an intermediate formation of an enzyme-biotin∼CO2 complex. However, kinetic patterns with inhibitors were found to be inconsistent with the predicted patterns for a ping-pong mechanism since the inhibition was competitive when the inhibitor and the varied substrate were similar, that is, both coenzyme A compounds or both keto acids. Dissimilar combinations of inhibitors and varied substrates resulted in noncompetitive inhibition when the inhibitor was a product of the reaction, and uncompetitive inhibition when the inhibitor was an inactive analogue of the fixed substrate. These findings are interpreted as indicating that transcarboxylase has two types of separate and independent binding sites, one for binding each of two groups of substrates and inhibitors; coenzyme A compounds constitute one group of reactants, and keto acids constitute the other group. Consequently, the mechanism constructed for the oxalacetate transcarboxylase reaction may be described as a hybrid between a ping-pong mechanism and a random, ternary complex mechanism, since it involves an intermediate formation of a substituted form of the enzyme and allows independent binding of substrates to two distinct sites on the enzyme. Rate equations that establish a consistency between the new hybrid ping-pong mechanism and the observed kinetic data have been derived with the use of the combined assumptions of rapid equilibrium and steady state kinetic theory.
Family Medicine: Principles and Practice

This updated and revised edition presents topics in common family medicine with a new format that features 120 short chapters on: common problems of the elderly, care of acute lacerations, care of the patient with chronic pain, ocular trauma, ischemic heart disease, cardiovascular emergencies, and much more. New and timely topics include the management and care of the HIV-infected patient, environmental and occupational diseases, substance abuse, contraception and menopause. This reference is geared to the office setting and mirrors the unique perspective of the family physician. It emphasizes practical detail and, arranged by organ system, provides clear diagnostic and treatment guidelines.
Aging-Dependent Exclusion of Antigen-Inexperienced Cells from the Peripheral B Cell Repertoire

Aging is accompanied by greatly reduced B cell production in the bone marrow, yet peripheral B cell numbers do not decline. We hypothesize that this may reflect filling of the peripheral pool with B cells that are long-lived as a consequence of specificity for, and chronic stimulation by, environmental Ags. To begin to explore this possibility, we analyzed the effects of aging on B cell population dynamics in the anti-H2(k/b) 3-83 mu-delta Ig-transgenic mouse. We predicted that, because they presumably do not bind environmental Ags, B cells bearing the transgenic receptor may be lost in aged animals. As seen in nontransgenic animals, total splenic B cell numbers remained constant with age in the Ig-transgenic animals despite reduced B cell production. Importantly, although the few newly produced B cells in the bone marrow of aged mice are 3-83 positive, the peripheral compartment of these mice is dominated by B cells that express endogenous Ig genes rather than the transgenes. This population includes large numbers of marginal zone-like and CD21(low/-)CD23(low/-)IgM(low) B cells, as well as elevated numbers of CD5+ B cells. Many of these cells express only non-B220 CD45 isoforms, suggesting that they may be memory cells. A significant proportion of aged transgenic animals produce autoantibodies that are reactive with ssDNA, dsDNA, or histones. Results support the hypothesis that, in the face of severely reduced production with age, B cells are selected based on reactivity to environmental Ags, accumulate, and display activated phenotypes. Cells bearing 3-83-transgenic receptors are excluded from this population due to their specificity. Beyond their importance in aging, these findings define a novel form of receptor revision in which B cells are selected rather than deleted based on Ag reactivity.
A Critical Reader of the Romantic Grand Tour: Tristes Plaisirs; The Idea of Europe in British Travel Narratives, 1789–1914

Those of us who travel, both in reality and in our imaginations, do so for different reasons and to many different destinations. For some, it's the journey that matters most. Reading accounts of ni...
Modeling and imaging cardiac sympathetic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently recognized as a multisystem disorder affecting several components of the central and peripheral nervous system. This new understanding of PD helps explain the complexity of the patients’ symptoms while challenges researchers to identify new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Cardiac neurodegeneration and dysautonomia affect PD patients and are associated with orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, and abnormal control of electrical heart activity. They can seriously impact daily life of PD patients, as these symptoms do not respond to classical anti-parkinsonian medications and can be worsened by them. New diagnostic tools and therapies aiming to prevent cardiac neurodegeneration and dysautonomia are needed. In this manuscript we critically review the relationship between the cardiovascular and nervous system in normal and PD conditions, current animal models of cardiac dysautonomia and the application of molecular imaging methods to visualize cardiac neurodegeneration. Our goal is to highlight current progress in the development of tools to understand cardiac neurodegeneration and dysautonomia and monitor the effects of novel therapies aiming for global neuroprotection.
A Review of: “The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain”

From the cover photo to section divisions and chapter design, every aspect of this book was designed for the clinician reader. But it is Louis Cozolino's writing that sets this book apart. A profes...
Accumulation of relA Gene-Independent ppGpp in Bacillus subtilis Vegetative Cells upon Temperature Shift-Down

Both Bacillus subtilis BR16S (rel+) and BR16R (relA-) cells accumulated ppGpp after a temperature shift-down from 37 to 0 degree C. This indicates that a ppGpp accumulation system is present in B. subtilis vegetative cells, which is induced upon cold-shock treatment and is mediated by a relA gene-independent product.
The Impact of Bank Mergers on Liquidity Creation

Using 189 commercial bank mergers between 1997 and 2004, we document a positive impact of the merger activity on bank liquidity creation. Consistent with the deposit insurance hypothesis, we find that banks with higher levels of deposit insurance create higher levels of liquidity around mergers. Furthermore, we document that the level of equity capital explains the change in liquidity creation around mergers for the sample of large acquirers. We show that for the sample of small acquirers there is a negative relationship between the level of economic growth and changes in liquidity creation around mergers.
A new method for generating families of continuous distributions

In this paper, a new method is proposed for generating families of continuous distributions. A random variable $$X$$ , “the transformer”, is used to transform another random variable $$T$$ , “the transformed”. The resulting family, the $$T$$ - $$X$$ family of distributions, has a connection with the hazard functions and each generated distribution is considered as a weighted hazard function of the random variable $$X$$ . Many new distributions, which are members of the family, are presented. Several known continuous distributions are found to be special cases of the new distributions.
The Minimum Residual Method of Factor Analysis

Thus, al is a function of the remaining factor loadings, excluding itself, and the correlations which variable i has with the other variables. If an initial estimated factor vector A is assumed, estimates of the 4 values may be obtained by the use of Equations [ 2 ] . This can give rise to a n interative process in which the newly estimated A vector can in turn be substituted in Equations [2] to obtain still another estimate. A n iterative process is of value only if (1) i t converges to an acceptable solution, and ( 2 ) convergence occurs rapidly enough to make the computations reasonable. In extensive applications of this method to date, no difficulry has been encountered i n obtaining satisfactory convergence until after the normal number of factors has been extracted. Convergence does not take place in the typical manner, however. If we substitute an initial trial vector, obtain an iterated vector, substitute the iterated vector to obtain a second iterated vector, and so on, convergence appears to take place about two saddle
Poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene‐alt‐α‐fluoroacrylonitrile): Synthesis and structural analysis of a new alternating copolymer

Abstract : Poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene-alt-alpha-fluoroacrylonitrile) poly(1,3-CHD/ alpha-FAN), an alternating copolymer of alpha-fluoroacrylonitrile and 1,3- cyclohexadiene has been prepared in bulk using varying monomer feed ratios and AIBN as initiator at 65 C. Elemental and 1H-NMR analyses indicate that the copolymer contains an equimolar composition of alpha-FAN and 1,3-CHD as observed for alternating copolymers with donor-acceptor polymerizations. A 2-D H-COSY NMR experiment indicates that the copolymer contains 1,4-linkages across the cyclohexene unit while more reliable C-NMR spectra suggests the copolymer to contain both 1,2- and 1,4-linkages. Poly(1,3-CHD/alpha-FAN) exhibits improved thermal stability relative to the alternating copolymer of 1,3-CHD and alpha- chloroacrylonitrile due to a higher resistance to HF elimination relative to HCl elimination.
Prediction of dietary adherence in cholesterol reduction: Relative contribution of personality variables and health attitudes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify personality and health attitude variables that might predict adherence to a cholesterol-reducing diet. After taking a battery of psychological inventories, 66 subjects entered a 26 week diet program. Adherence indices included attendance rate at scheduled appointments, changes in diet, and changes in serum cholesterol levels. Of the 55 subjects with complete data, 7 dropped out, 7 attended inconsistently, and 41 completed the program. Drop-outs scored significantly lower on the Health Belief measures of seriousness, susceptibility, and benefits. Improvement in serum cholesterol was positively correlated with the Health Belief Benefits Scale and negatively correlated with the Health Locus of Control chance scale. Dietary reduction in saturated fat was positively associated with the Health Belief Seriousness and Benefits Scales. Health attitudes and beliefs were better predictors of adherence than personality trait measures.
Relation of unsaturated fatty acid composition of rat liver mitochondria to oscillation period, spin label motion, permeability and oxidative phosphorylation

Abstract An investigation was made of the influence of mitochondrial unsaturated fatty acid composition on the following mitochondrial parameters: oscillation period, spin label motion (ESR), permeability, and oxidative phosphorylation. Liver mitochondria from rats fed diets deficient in or supplemented with essential fatty acids showed approximately the same total number of unsaturated fatty acids but changed unsaturation levels. Electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the inner membrane compartment was unchanged. Two differences were correlated with unsaturated fatty acid composition: (1) a slower frequency (or time period) of the oscillatory state of energy-dependent ion transport and (2) a reduction in the motional freedom of each of three spin labels (12NS, 5N10 and 7N14). The increase in oscillation period could arise from a number of rate-limiting processes, including permeability of mitochondria to various anions, cations, and substrate metabolites. However, when the permeability of mitochondria to such substances was tested, no changes were observed in passive or active uptake of these substances or in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation under steady-state conditions. Thus, the two parameters, oscillation period and freedom of spin label motion, which are dependent upon large domains of the mitochondrial membranes, are significantly influenced by the change in unsaturated fatty acid composition in essential fatty acid-depleted mitochondria, even though processes such as permeability of ionic materials and oxidative phosphorylation were not measurably affected by these changes in unsaturated fatty acid composition.
Anesthesia-related cardiac arrest in children: update from the Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest Registry

BACKGROUND:The initial findings from the Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest (POCA) Registry (1994–1997) revealed that medication-related causes, often cardiovascular depression from halothane, were the most common. Changes in pediatric anesthesia practice may have altered the causes of cardiac a
Application of Contingency Management-Prize Reinforcement to Community Practice with Alcohol and Drug Problems: A Critical Examination

Contingency management prize reinforcement (CM-PR) is a highly successful intervention for drug or alcohol dependence that shows improved outcomes over standard methadone maintenance and counseling, and 12-step disease model outpatient counseling. CM-PR treatment for individuals with substance abuse problems is examined by applying criteria for choosing an intervention. CM-PR is applied to Codes of Ethics from professional organizations of behavior analysts, chemical dependency counselors, psychiatrists and addictionologists, psychologists, nurses, and social workers that are major providers of substance abuse treatment. Limitations of using CM-PR in community treatment are discussed.
Effects of Sodium Bisulfite on the Physicochemical and Adhesion Properties of Canola Protein Fractions

This study focused on investigating the potential of using canola protein fractions as bio-degradable wood adhesives. Native and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3)-modified canola protein fractions isolated successively at different pH values (7.0, 5.5, and 3.5) was used as adhesives. Wood specimens were assembled with adhesives at a pressure of 2 MPa at 150, 170, or 190 °C for 10 min. The adhesion performance of adhesives were evaluated by wet, soak, and dry shear strength. Their physicochemical properties: extractability, electrophoresis profiles, thermal, rheological and morphological properties were also characterized. Results showed that canola protein had the highest protein yield and purity at pH 5.5. Electrophoresis profile proved that NaHSO3 cleaved the disulfide bonds in canola protein. This could induce extra charges (RS-SO3 −) on the protein surface, leading to the reduced apparent viscosity. Thermal analysis implied that the thermal transition temperature of canola protein decreased with modification of NaHSO3. Canola protein adhesives showed excellent dry and soak shear strength with 100 % wood cohesive failure in all curing temperatures. The wet adhesion strength of native and modified canola protein fraction adhesives at pH 5.5 and pH 3.5 (3.9–4.1 MPa) was higher than the fractions at pH 7.0. NaHSO3 had insignificant effects on the adhesion performance of canola protein adhesives but notably improved the handling and flow-ability properties of canola protein adhesives.
A direct comparison of the ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ flotation environments

Abstract The present study was an attempt to evaluate the relaxation potential of the recently introduced ‘dry’ float environment and to compare it systematically with the ‘wet’ float environment available for 20 years. In a balanced design, 10 female and 14 male young adult subjects spent one hour in a wet tank and one hour in the same tank modified to be a dry tank. Pre-/post-change measures included heart rate and POMS and SPI scales. Extensive post-float interview data were also obtained. Both environments were found to be relaxing and pleasant and both were associated with heart rate decreases. The wet tank, however, was somewhat superior in each of these regards and especially so for female subjects. Brief discussion is made of the use of these two environments for purposes of therapeutic intervention.
Aphid-Virus Relationships in the Transmission of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus by Myzus Persicae

No significant differences in the virus transmission rate were found when virus acquisition feedings by the aphids were in the 11- to 45-second range, but there was a marked reduction when acquisition feedings were extended to 51 to 60 seconds. The transmission rate was higher if aphids were starved for 5 minutes or more before they fed on diseased plants. The maximum effects of preliminary starvation were obtained in 10 to 15 minutes, and no further changes in transmission rates were observed with starvation periods up to 4 hours. The differences in transmission rates between starved and unstarved aphids could not be explained by differences in acquisition feedings. Failure of some aphids to transmit the virus, while others did that had the same period of preliminary starvation, was not due to differences in the duration of acquisition feedings. Nor could large interreplicate or interexperiment variations in transmission be explained by variations in aphid behavior.
Memory and Problem-Solving in Aphasia

In a series of experiments, aphasic adults and normal control subjects were presented with problems involving the principle of transitive inference. The design of the problems permitted selective consideration of the subject's logical, as opposed to grammatical, ability and further permitted separate consideration of logical ability and memory. The results of this experimental series showed that, in general, these aphasic patients were capable of successful inferential behavior. In conclusion, the data are interpreted to suggest that certain constraints on intelligence in aphasia occur as a result of defective memory, not defective logical ability.
Resistance of messenger RNA-bound ribosomes to proteolytic dissociation.

Abstract Mild low-temperature proteolysis with pronase selectively dissociates ribosomes not attached to mRNA into 40S and 60S subunits, while ribosomes attached to mRNA are completely protected. The following characteristics of the resistance of mRNA-bound ribosomes to proteolytic dissociation were found: 1. 1. Ribosomes attached to fragments of mRNA are protected as well as those attached to intact mRNA, 2. 2. Single ribosomes attached to fragments of mRNA resist proteolytic dissociation as well as the intact polyribosomes from which they are derived, 3. 3. This protection is not dependent upon the presence of nascent chains on the ribosome, even when the ribosomes are attached to fragments of mRNA.