cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collaborative firewalling in wireless networks

Firewalls are one of the essential security elements to enforce access policies in computer networks. Open network architecture, shared wireless medium, stringent resource constraints, and highly dynamic network topology impose a new set of challenges on deploying firewalls in a mobile wireless environment. The current state-of-the-art demands for self protection by personal (i.e. local) firewalls for each node; however, this requires that all unwanted traffic travels all the way to the node before it is discarded at the destination. This wastes considerable bandwidth and power of all of the nodes in a network with multi-hop routing, specially if a node is under a denial of service (DoS) attack. In this paper, we develop a novel distributed firewalling scheme for wireless networks in which nodes collaboratively perform packet filtering to address resource squandering. The proposed scheme introduces techniques to distribute discarding rules based on both proactive and reactive routing protocols. It also proposes efficient rule placement mechanisms to maximize the number of packets discarded remotely before they reach the destination and minimize the number of unwanted packet forwardings. The scheme is evaluated through various simulation scenarios. The simulation results show that by distributing only 1% of the rules, about 42% of the unwanted traffic is discarded before it reaches the destination, which significantly saves the network resources. Saving about 30% of the wasted bandwidth can be crucial for the performance of a wireless network.
NNK-induced hamster lung adenocarcinomas over-express β2-adrenergic and EGFR signaling pathways

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the most common type of human lung cancer. A diagnosis of PAC, history of non-smoking and presence of mutations in the EGFR are predictive factors for responsiveness of lung cancer to EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Unfortunately, less than 50% of PAC cases demonstrate this mutation-based responsiveness. Our immunohistochemical analysis of NNK-induced PAC in hamsters demonstrates the simultaneous over-expression of a beta2-adrenergic receptor pathway, including PKA, cAMP, CREB and phosphorylated CREB and of an EGFR pathway, including over-expression of EGFR-specific phosphorylated tyrosine kinase, Raf-1 and ERK1/2 and their phosphorylated forms. These findings implicate, for the first time, PKA/CREB-mediated signaling in the development and regulation of any type of lung cancer. In light of reports that NNK acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist and that beta-blockers inhibit the growth of PAC of Clara cell lineage in the NNK hamster model and in human cancer cell lines from smokers, our current data suggest transactivation of the EGFR pathway via beta-adrenergic signaling as a novel regulatory mechanism in a subpopulation of PACs in smokers. Taken together, these data point to PKA/CREB as novel targets for the development of cancer therapeutics for PAC patients non-responsive to EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Making and Unmaking “Vulnerable Persons”: How Disasters Expose and Sustain Structural Inequalities

Keywords: commentary, disaster, vulnerability, vulnerable persons, disability, race, Hurricane Katrina, development, ecology and environment
Unequal Error Protection (UEP) for Wavelet-Based Wireless 3D Mesh Transmission

The recent popularity of networked graphicsapplications such as distributed military simulators andonline games, has increased the need to transmit large 3Dmeshes and textures over wireless networks. To speed up large mesh transmission over low-bandwidth wireless links, we use a wavelet-based technique that aggressively compresses large meshes and enables progressive (piece-wise) transmission. Using wavelets, a server only needs to send the full connectivity information of a small base mesh along with wavelet coefficients that refine it, saving memory and bandwidth. To mitigate packet losses caused by high wireless error rates, we propose a novel Forward Error Correction (FEC) scheme based on Unequal Error Protection (UEP). UEP adds more error correction bits to regions of the mesh that have more details. Our work uses UEP to make wavelet-encoded meshes more resilient to wireless errors. Experimental results shows that our proposed UEP scheme is more error-resilient than NoError Protection (NEP) and Equal Error Protection (EEP) asthe packet loss rate increases by achieving 50% less relative errors and maintaining the decoded mesh structure. Our scheme can be integrated into future mobile devices and shall be useful in application areas such as military simulators on mobile devices.
E-Leadership and Teacher Development Using ICT

In this chapter, we develop a definition of e-leadership that extends from the business sector to encompass educational contexts. We describe schools as complex ecologies and dynamic organizations that require a change in both traditional forms of leadership and more recent ICT use. We use the RAT (Replace, Amplify, Transform) framework to explain the varying degrees to which ICT has been used in business and education and relate this model to the research in e-leadership. It is through the purposeful, transformational use of ICT and the meaningful development of multiple kinds of knowledge that those in charge of teacher education and growth can use ICT to develop a new kind of teacher leader.
Psychiatric Apps: Patient Self-Assessment, Communication, and Potential Treatment Interventions

Mobile device applications can complement traditional stages of mental health treatment, including treatment monitoring, adherence to treatment plans, psychoeducation, symptom assessment and monitoring, and clinical decision support. An increasing number of patients and clinicians have access to smartphones that can run interactive apps (applications). The advent of available wireless networks, more affordable computing, and more ubiquitous computing makes telemedicine a much more cost-effective proposition. We will provide an overview of new technologies and how they can be used in different areas of the psychiatric provider and patient’s workflow.
Creation of a neopylorus after pyloric exclusion using a "double-endoscope" technique.

Pyloric exclusion may be implemented in the setting of a high-grade duodenal or pancreatic injury. After exclusion, the pylorus should spontaneously open in 3–6 weeks. However, we present the case of a critically ill 17-year-old male with a gunshot wound to the abdomen that underwent stapled pyloric exclusion with gastrostomy and jejunostomy tube placement who did not achieve pyloric patency after 5 months, and describe an innovative “double-endoscope” technique to correct it. A gastroscope was inserted through the mouth into the stomach, and an endoscope was inserted retrograde through the jejunostomy site to the duodenum. The closed pylorus was seen from both ends with transillumination. A needle knife was pushed through the membrane with clear visualization from the contralateral side. A balloon dilation catheter was then passed over a guidewire, and the neopylorus was sequentially dilated. A gastrojejunostomy tube was placed to ensure patency of the neopylorus. Postoperative imaging showed no evidence of leak or pneumoperitoneum. Serial endoscopic dilations were performed every 1–4 weeks to prevent restricturing. The patient recovered well. After the first follow-up endoscopic dilation, he was eating a regular diet and had no retained food products. After four endoscopic dilations, the patient remained symptom free and the pylorus was widely patent. His gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes were removed. Here we presented a rare complication of pyloric exclusion and an innovative approach that used a “double-endoscope” technique and serial endoscopic dilations to establish and maintain a neopylorus, avoiding the morbidity of a major surgical procedure.
Effects of wake passing on the unsteady heat transfer on a turbine cascade

An experiment was conducted in an annular turbine cascade facility to investigate the unsteady effects of the passing wake shed from rotating bars on the local, time-resolved heat flux on the turbine blade. A state-of-the-art heat flux microsensor gage was used in the experiment. Two locations (20% and 50% chord) on each of the suction and pressure surfaces were equipped with the heat flux microsensors. Measurements were taken at exit Mach numbers of 0.52 and 0.80. Both steady-state data (without rotating bar upstream) and unsteady data (with rotating bar upstream) were recorded. The steady-state data show that as the exit Mach number increases from 0.52 to 0.80, the heat transfer coefficients increase by an average of about 35% for most of the measured locations. The unsteadiness generated by the rotating bar has a significant effect on the heat transfer rate on the suction surface. In some cases the Nusselt number was increased by nearly four times due to the wake passing.
A Series of Pincer-Ligated Rhodium Complexes as Catalysts for the Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes

A series of pincer complexes of Rh has been prepared and tested as catalysts for the dimerization of terminal alkynes. The pincers included aryl/bis(phosphinite) POCOP, aryl/bis(phosphine) PCP, and diarylamido/bis(phosphine) PNP ligands. RhI complexes of the general form (pincer)Rh(SiPr2) or (pincer)Rh(H2) were used as catalysts. In addition, the apparent donating ability of the pincer ligands was gauged through the carbonyl stretching frequencies in (pincer)Rh(CO) complexes by IR spectroscopy. All surveyed Rh complexes acted as catalysts for dimerization of 4-ethynyltoluene, 1-hexyne, or trimethysilylacetylene. The products were a mixture of E- and gem-enyne isomers, with small amounts of oligomers in some cases. The Z-enyne isomers were not observed except in two reactions. None of the catalysts showed useful selectivity for either the E- or the gem-enyne product. However, the POCOP-based catalysts bearing PiPr2 donor arms performed faster and possessed apparently greater longevity (up to 20 000 TON) th...
Enduring mystery of the chromosome 9p21.3 locus.

Out of the long list of genetic loci that have been discovered by genome-wide association studies to be associated with a variety of clinical traits and diseases, one of the earliest such discoveries remains one of the most tantalizing. In 2007, 3 groups independently reported a locus on chromosome 9p21.3 to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), a finding that has been replicated by dozens of subsequent studies and seems to represent the single most important population-wide genetic risk factor for CAD. Especially noteworthy is that the locus has not been linked to any of the traditional CAD-risk factors, suggesting that the locus represents a novel pathogenetic mechanism that could potentially be exploited to develop an entirely new class of therapeutics. A study by Harismendy et al1 attempted to address this putative mechanism using a combination of genetic and epigenetic datasets to identify potential transcriptional regulatory elements in the locus, focusing on 1 element in which 2 linked index SNPs were predicted to create (non-CAD-risk alleles) versus disrupt (CAD-risk alleles) a canonical STAT1 transcription factor binding site. Experiments in cultured HeLa cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells …
Transaction flows and executable models: formalization and analysis of message-passing protocols

The lack of appropriate models is often the biggest hurdle in applying formal methods in the industry. Creating executable models of industrial designs is a challenging task, one that we believe has not been sufficiently addressed by existing research. We address this problem for distributed message passing protocols by showing how to synthesize executable models of such protocols from transaction message flows, which are readily available in architecture descriptions. We present industrial case studies showing that this approach to creating formal models is effective in practice. We also show that going the other way, i.e., extracting flows from executable models, is at least as hard as the model-checking problem. These results indicate that transaction flows may provide a superior approach to capture design intent than executable models.
Transmission of airborne sound from 50-20,000 Hz into the abdomen of sheep

The transmission of audible sounds from the environment of the pregnant woman to the foetus is of growing interest to obstetricians who utilize foetal vibracoustic stimulation in their examinations...
Dietary Antioxidants in Prostate Cancer

Abstract Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men. One of the major causes of prostate cancer is mutations within the prostate as a result of long-term exposure to reactive oxidative species (ROS). Since ROS can be neutralized by the activity of antioxidants in vitro, it is natural to suppose it may also help neutralize ROS in vivo and thus prevent or delay the onset of prostate cancer. A number of cohort studies have tried to measure the role different dietary antioxidants play in preventing prostate cancer development, with varying results for most of them. As of yet it is still unclear whether dietary antioxidants help prevent prostate cancer or not, but there is some evidence that dietary antioxidants may be beneficial in delaying prostate cancer development in individuals with high oxidative stress.
Abstract C46: Effects of lycopene- and isoflavone-rich dietary interventions on serum adipokine concentrations among postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk

Background: Breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women increases as body mass index increases, likely due to the biological effects of the obesity-related adipokines, adiponectin and leptin. Few studies have investigated the effects of carotenoids and isoflavones on circulating adipokines among postmenopausal women. Our aim was to examine the effects of lycopene- and isoflavone-rich diets on adipokine concentrations in overweight and obese postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk. Methods: Seventy women were enrolled in a 26-week, 2-arm (tomato and soy based diets, 10 weeks each, with 2-week wash-out periods in between) longitudinal, cross-over trial. Changes in serum adiponectin, leptin and the adiponectin to leptin ratio (A/L) were examined through linear mixed models, with ratio estimates corresponding to post-intervention adipokine concentrations relative to pre-intervention concentrations. Results: Among all women, the lycopene-rich intervention yielded a 9% increase in serum adiponectin concentration (Ratio=1.09, 95% CI: 1.00-1.18), with a stronger effect observed among non-obese women (Ratio=1.13, 95% CI: 1.02-1.25). Following the isoflavone-rich intervention, adiponectin decreased 9% overall (Ratio=0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.97), with a larger reduction observed among non-obese women (Ratio=0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.98). Overall, no significant changes in leptin or the A/L ratio were observed following either intervention. Conclusions: Increasing dietary consumption of lycopene- and isoflavone-rich foods may have beneficial effects on adipokine concentrations, specifically increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin, among postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk. Additional studies are essential to confirm these effects and to elucidate the specific mechanisms that may make these phytonutrients practical as breast cancer chemopreventive agents. Citation Format: Adana A.M. Llanos, Juan Peng, Michael L. Pennell, Jessica L. Krok, Mara Z. Vitolins, Cecilia R. Degraffinreid, Electra D. Paskett. Effects of lycopene- and isoflavone-rich dietary interventions on serum adipokine concentrations among postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr C46.
Manipulating the Perception of Virtual Audiences Using Crowdsourced Behaviors

Virtual audiences are used for training public speaking and mitigating anxiety related to it. However, research has been scarce on studying how virtual audiences are perceived and which non-verbal behaviors should be used to make such an audience appear in particular states, such as boredom or engagement. Recently, crowdsourcing methods have been proposed for collecting data for building virtual agents’ behavior models. In this paper, we use crowdsourcing for creating and evaluating a nonverbal behaviors generation model for virtual audiences. We show that our model successfully expresses relevant audience states (i.e. low to high arousal, negative to positive valence), and that the overall impression exhibited by the virtual audience can be controlled my manipulating the amount of individual audience members that display a congruent state.
Renal fungus ball: a challenging clinical problem

IntroductionWe describe a case of renal pelvi-ureteric fungus ball managed with placement of two nephrostomy tubes and amphotericin B irrigation through a nephrostomy tube with the other to free dr...
A universal split spinach aptamer (USSA) for nucleic acid analysis and DNA computation

We demonstrate how a single universal spinach aptamer (USSA) probe can be used to detect multiple (potentially any) nucleic acid sequences. USSA can be used for cost-efficient and highly selective analysis of even folded DNA and RNA analytes, as well as for the readout of outputs of DNA logic circuits.
The influence of high temperature plastic deformation on the kinetics of graphitization of pyrolytic carbons

T he effects of high temperature deformation on the isothermal graphitization vs. time characteristics of a substrate- nucleated pyrolytic carbon have been investigated by comparing the x-ray structures of deformed and undeformed samples which had identical heat treatment histories. The deformation was performed in tension parallel to the substrate and in compression parallel or perpendicular to the substrate. In all cases graphitization was enhanced by plastic deformation. The effect appeared to have two components: (1) An immediate and direct influence of the deformation process, and (2) a residual effect due to deformation-induced microstructural changes. Possible mechanisms are discussed and it is concluded that the phenomena result primarily from stress-assisted bond-breaking.
Cognitive flexibility and undergraduate physiology students: increasing advanced knowledge acquisition within an ill-structured domain

Cognitive flexibility is defined as the ability to assimilate previously learned information and concepts to generate novel solutions to new problems. This skill is crucial for success within ill-s...
Using upper limb kinematics to assess cognitive deficits in people living with both HIV and stroke

In this study, we aim to explore ways to objectively assess cognitive deficits in the stroke and HIV/stroke populations, where cognitive and motor impairments can be hard to separate. Using an upper limb rehabilitation robot called the Haptic TheraDrive, we collect performance error scores and motor learning data on the impaired and unimpaired limb during a trajectory tracking task. We compare these data to clinical cognitive scores. The preliminary results suggest a possible relationship between unimpaired upper limb performance error and visuospatial/executive function cognitive domains, but more work needs to be done to further investigate this. The potential of using robot-assisted technologies to measure unimpaired limb kinematics as a tool to assess cognitive deficits would be useful to inform more effective rehabilitation strategies for HIV, stroke, and HIV/stroke populations.
Inventory Management and Quality Control

Somewhat surprisingly, there are only a few and isolated applications of the Laplace distributions related to inventory management problems and quality control. The dominance of the gamma and exponential distributions in this field is still overwhelming. We have collected here a few results which hopefully will be elaborated by the researchers and practitioners in the not-too-distant future.
WearMail: On-the-Go Access to Information in Your Email with a Privacy-Preserving Human Computation Workflow

Email is more than just a communication medium. Email serves as an external memory for people---it contains our reservation numbers, meeting details, phone numbers, and more. Often, people need access to this information while on the go, which is cumbersome from mobile devices with limited I/O bandwidth. In this paper, we introduce WearMail, a conversational interface to retrieve specific information in email. WearMail is mostly automated but is made robust to information extraction tasks via a novel privacy-preserving human computation workflow. In WearMail, crowdworkers never have direct access to emails, but rather (i) generate an email filter to help the system find messages that may contain the desired information, and (ii) generate examples of the requested information that are then used to create custom, low-level information extractors that run automatically within the set of filtered emails. We explore the impact of varying levels of obfuscation on result quality, demonstrating that workers are able to deal with highly-obfuscated information nearly as well as with the original. WearMail introduces general mechanisms that let the crowd search and select private data without having direct access to the data itself.
Determining attitudinal and behavioral factors concerning milk and dairy intake and their association with calcium intake in college students.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Average intake of calcium among college students is below the recommended intake, and knowledge surrounding the attitudinal and behavioral factors that influence milk and dairy intake, a primary food source of calcium, is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate college students' attitudes and behaviors concerning milk and dairy consumption and their association with calcium intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants were 1,730 undergraduate students who completed an online survey (SurveyMonkey) as part of baseline data collection for a social marketing dairy campaign. The online survey assessed attitudes and behaviors concerning milk and dairy intake, and calcium intake. Questions about milk- and dairy-related attitudes and behaviors were grouped into 14 factors using factor analysis. Predictors of calcium intake were then evaluated. RESULTS Median calcium intake across all participants was 928.6 mg/day, with males consuming higher calcium intakes than females (P < 0.001). Adjusted for gender, calcium intakes were most strongly (and positively) correlated with associating milk with specific eating occasions and availability (i.e., storing calcium-rich foods in one's dorm or apartment) (both P < 0.001). Other correlates of calcium intake included: positive-viewing milk as healthy (P = 0.039), having family members who drink milk) (P = 0.039), and taking calcium supplements (P = 0.056); and negative-parent rules concerning milk (P = 0.031) and viewing milk in dining halls negatively (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Calcium intakes among college students enrolled in the current study was below the recommended dietary allowance of 1,000 mg/day, reinforcing the need for dietary interventions in this target population, especially females. Practitioners and researchers should consider the factors found here to impact calcium intake, particularly associating milk with specific eating occasions (e.g., milk with breakfast) and having calcium-rich foods available in the dorm room or apartment, as intervention strategies in future efforts aimed at promoting milk and dairy foods and beverages for improved calcium intake in college students.
Timolol Eyedrops in the Treatment of Acute Migraine Attacks: A Randomized Crossover Study.

This randomized, crossover pilot study explores timolol eyedrops as an abortive migraine treatment in adults.
Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma With Chondroblastoma-Like Features: A Case for Team Diagnosis.

Clear cell chondrosarcoma (CCCS) is a rare variant of conventional chondrosarcoma with low-grade malignant features that may be confused radiographically and histologically with chondroblastoma. We...
Sunrise Eclosions in the Pipevine Swallowtail (Battus philenor) Driven by Internal Clock and External Cues

Eclosions in populations of some species of holometabolous insects only occur during a restricted time each day, often within as little as an hour or two. We have described the daily pattern of eclosions in a desert population of the Pipevine Swallowtail (Battus philenor) so that we might better understand the daily pattern of this species' mating behavior. Our anecdotal impression that these animals eclose only around sunrise was confirmed both in a greenhouse with a natural light cycle and in an incubator with a semi natural 16:8 light:dark cycle. Our experiments indicate that on the day of eclosion, levels of short wavelength light at sunrise reach a point that triggers eclosion and that an internal clock contributes to the pattern of when eclosions occur during the day. Finally, we show that the internal clock is set by the light cycle to which the pupa is exposed during the last few days of the 11 to 12 day pupal stage.
Abstract TMP4: Higher Pretreatment Computed Tomography Angiography Source Image (CTA-SI) ASPECTS Score Predicts Better Outcome After Intra-arterial Therapy

Introduction: Intra-arterial (IA) therapies are becoming prevalent in acute stroke management. Despite greater success rates of recanalization and newer IA therapies, outcomes have shown mixed impr...
Russia/Eastern Europe

I would like to start with the famous question, “To be or not to be, that is the question. Whether it’s nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against a sea of troubles and by opposing, end them.” So when I face a sea of troubles whose name is global warming, I would like to analyze first what we know and what we don’t know about global warming effects.
Mössbauer study of several cobalt spinels using Co 57 and Fe 57

The M\"ossbauer spectra produced by ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$-at.% ${\mathrm{Co}}^{57}$ and 0.5-at.% ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ doped in the normal spinels ${\mathrm{Co}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Co${\mathrm{Rh}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Co${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Co${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, and Zn${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ have been obtained. Based on properties of the spinel structure and on correlations with M\"ossbauer data from the natural-iron spinels, these spectra are interpreted in terms of the daughter and impurity iron being located on the tetrahedral and octahedral lattice sites. The charge state of the daughter iron is not always the same as that of the parent cobalt; instead, it is generally that of natural iron in the parallel spinel compounds ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Co${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Fe${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Fe${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, Fe${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, and Zn${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. From this and other evidence, we propose that the daughter-iron's valence is determined primarily by the chemical bonding properties of iron (as distinct from cobalt) in the environment where it is created. Of the several models of spinel crystal chemistry, that of Goodenough and Loeb roughly accounts for our conclusions.
Endovascular Popliteal Aneurysm Repair

Popliteal artery aneurysms carry a significant risk of thromboembolic events. While traditional open surgery (bypass and exclusion) has been shown to have excellent outcomes, endovascular alternatives may prove useful in those patients not suitable for open repair as well as those with straightforward anatomy.
Russell and the Greeks

BERTRAND RUSSELL WAS raised in the Victorian era, but, unlike most aristocrats of the time, he was educated at home and avoided the usual classical education. Yet his works abound in references to the Greeks and Romans, whether to ideas of their philosophers or to incidents from their history. Indeed, few of his writings lack such references. The heritage of Greek civilization was always important to Russell, in several different ways. The breadth of his life and thought make him a representative figure of one modern view of the importance of the Greeks, between the Victorian eral and our own. This paper will consider a few topics concerning Russell's arritude towards the Greeks, and towards classical learning: First, his education and his own educational principles; then, the famous "conversion" incident of 1901 which included his reaction to Euripides' play, Hippolytus; third, the implications of Russell's attitude for his study of Greek mathematics and philosophy, and for his politics; and, finally, the enduring importance of Greek civilization to him.
A Geometrical Characterization of Banach Spaces in Which Martingale Difference Sequences are Unconditional

Let 1 < p < ∞. For what Banach spaces B does there exist a positive real number c p such that $$||{\varepsilon _1}{d_1} + \cdots + {\varepsilon _n}{d_1}|{|_p} \leq {c_p}||{d_1} +\cdots + {d_n}|{|_p}$$ for all B-valued martingale difference sequences d = (d1, d2,…) all numbers є1є2,… in {-1, 1}, and all n ≥ 1? This and closely related questions have been of interest to Maurey [16], Pisier [17], Diestel and Uhl [12], Aldous [1], and others. Let us write B∈E UMD (the space B has the unconditionality property for martingale differences) if such a constant Cp = Cp(B) does exist. (Maurey uses a slightly different notation.) This class of spaces appears to depend on p but, in fact, does not [16] as we shall see in another way. It was proved in [4] that ℝ ∈ UMD and from this follows immediately that the Lebesgue spaces lr, Lr(0 1) E UMD for 1 < r < ∞. Any UMD-space is reflexive, in fact superreflexive [16], [1], so, for example, l1,l∞E UMD. On the other hand, Pisier [17] has constructed an example showing that a suoerreflexive space need not be UMD.
United States feedlot operator willingness to pay for disposal capacity to address foreign animal disease risk.

Foreign animal diseases can cause severe and lasting economic impacts to producers, directly and indirectly. Understanding producer investment cost structures can provide industry and policy makers better tools to encourage biosecurity adoption. Consistent with the literature, many factors can contribute to an individual operator's decision to invest in biosecurity based on individual characteristics, perception of disease likelihood, or expected losses associated with a disease event. We used a producer survey and a one-and-one-half bound econometric model to estimate feedlot operator willingness to pay to invest in disposal capacity within the next 3 years. Results indicate an average willingness to pay of $14,310 for a one-time investment in on-farm disposal capacity to address carcass movement restrictions during a disease outbreak. We found several factors that contribute to and explain the heterogeneity between feedlots and their adoption decisions. Primarily, size of the feedlot and death loss rate significantly impact adoption, which both potentially speak to the financial liquidity and investment potential of a feedlot enterprise. While there is no failsafe in disease prevention, these results provide a better understanding for how to study and structure policy and cost structures to incentivize adoption of biosecurity.
Pragmatic dissemination and implementation research models, methods and measures and their relevance for nursing research.

ABSTRACT Background Pragmatic dissemination and implementation (D&I) research approaches can benefit patient care because they emphasize real-world settings and populations. Nurse scientists have an opportunity to reduce the gap between science and practice by using pragmatic D&I research and sustainability strategies. Purpose This article discusses pragmatic models, methods, and measures used in D&I research and their relevance for nursing research and enhancing population health. Methods Summary of pragmatic D&I models and related methods for designing a pragmatic studies. We discuss the RE-AIM framework and the PRECIS-2 planning aid and figure in detail. A case study is provided and application to nursing research is discussed. Discussion Successful translation of pragmatic D&I research demands an approach that addresses external validity, and customization at multiple levels including the patient, clinician, and setting. Context is critically important, and it is never too early to design for dissemination. Conclusions Pragmatic D&I approaches are needed to speed research translation, reduce avoidable waste of funding, improve clinical care, and enhance population health. Pragmatic D&I research is an area of tremendous opportunity for the nursing science community.
Crystal Plasticity Model Calibration for Ti-7Al Alloy with a Multi-fidelity Computational Scheme

The present work addresses a Gaussian process-based multi-fidelity computational scheme to enable the crystal plasticity modeling of Ti-7Al alloy. The crystal plasticity simulations are performed by using computational techniques that lead to two different solution fidelities. The first technique involves the use of a one-point probability descriptor, orientation distribution function (ODF), which measures the volume fractions of crystals in different orientations. The ODF is posed as the low-fidelity method in the multi-fidelity scheme since it neglects the effects of the microstructural correlations and grain shapes to the macro-scale stress-strain response of the material. For the high-fidelity computational technique, crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) is utilized. This is because the CPFEM resolves better in grain-level microstructural features. However, the CPFEM is a computationally expensive technique and it is not feasible to be utilized for computationally costly problems. Therefore, a multi-fidelity modeling scheme that improves the low-fidelity ODF simulation data with the high-fidelity CPFEM simulations is utilized to obtain the crystal plasticity parameters. The presented approach uses more samples from the computationally less expensive low-fidelity model and less samples from the computationally expensive high-fidelity model to build a numerical framework that satisfies both accuracy and computational time expectations. The results of the presented multi-fidelity scheme show a significant improvement on the accuracy of the crystal plasticity modeling of Ti-7Al compared to the results of the previous low-fidelity solution.
An Amicable Divorce: Programmatic Derivation of Faceted Data from Library of Congress Subject Headings for Music

AbstractMusic catalogers have embraced in current cataloging the flexibility, intuitiveness, and expressivity afforded by the Library of Congress’s new faceted vocabularies. In order to realize the...
Bandgap Tunability in Sb-Alloyed BiVO4 Quaternary Oxides as Visible Light Absorbers for Solar Fuel Applications.

Sb-alloyed BiVO4 (with Bi and Sb ranging from 0 to ≈50%) films are prepared in a two-step synthesis comprising first the preparation of Bi1-xSbx nanocrystals (x = 0—1) via injecting a 1 M LiEt3BH solution in THF into a 4:1:25 molar mixture of Bi[N(Tms)2]3, Sb(NMe2)3, and Li[N(Tms)2] in toluene under N2 (70 °C, ≈15 sec; quenching to 25 °C).
Efficacy of an educational intervention on students' attitudes regarding spirituality in healthcare: a cohort study in the USA.

Objective To determine if an educational intervention focused on the role of spirituality in healthcare positively affects medical students9 attitudes and perceptions relating to this topic. Design A pre-post cohort study. Setting An undergraduate medical institution affiliated with an academic medical center in the USA. Participants A total of 110 medical students currently on their clinical rotations received the educational intervention, of whom 71 (65%) completed both the presurvey and postsurvey. Demographic variables did not significantly differ from the national average of medical students, or from a comparison group. All students who attended the intervention were given the opportunity to participate in the survey. Interventions The educational intervention consisted of a 60-minute lecture focusing on religion/spirituality (R/S) in healthcare, followed by a 90-minute case discussion in a small group setting. Primary and secondary outcome measures Assessment consisted of 18-item preintervention and postintervention survey quantifying student’s attitudes towards, comfort with, and perceptions of R/S in healthcare. Results Attitudes towards, comfort with, and perceptions of R/S in healthcare were generally positive preintervention. Following the intervention, students expressed an increased willingness to include R/S competency in their future practice (p=0.001), were more comfortable sharing their own R/S beliefs with a patient when appropriate (p=0.02), and were more willing to approach a patient with R/S concern (p=0.04). The other surveyed attitudes demonstrated positive, but non-significant improvement. Conclusion An educational intervention focusing on approaching patients with R/S concerns has the ability to improve the attitudes and comfort of medical students. By incorporating a total of 150 minutes of education about R/S, medical schools can help develop this particular area of cultural competence, preparing a generation of physicians to professionally approach R/S concerns of patients. Future research should move beyond quantifying attitudes and strive to understand changes in knowledge and student behaviour.
Abstract P5-07-16: Role of collagen X in enhancing the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells using a MDA-MB-231 cell line model

Breast cancer is the second highest cause of cancer related deaths for women in developed countries. Breast cancer patients with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis have an estimated 5-year relative survival rate of 26% as compared to a 99% survival rate of patients who have localized tumors. Evidence suggests that collagens play a role in enhancing the metastatic capability of breast cancer cells. Short chain collagen, collagen X, is encoded by the collagen type x alpha 1 chain (COL10A1) gene and is normally expressed exclusively by hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. Recently, COL10A1 gene expression has been found to be overexpressed in various tumor types, including breast tumors. It is hypothesized that an increase in COL10A1 expression may play a role in breast cancer metastasis. The goal of our project was to evaluate the role of collagen X in breast cancer metastasis using the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Stable cell lines were generated to express either GFP only (MDA-VEC) or GFP tagged COL10A1 (MDA-COL). GFP and COL10A1 transcript and protein levels were examined to confirm overexpression of collagen X and transwell assays were used to determine changes in the invasive capability of the cells. Cells overexpressing collagen X demonstrated a higher rate of invasion suggesting that collagen X may play a role in enhancing the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Understanding the role collagen X plays in breast cancer metastasis may provide a mechanism for developing diagnostic and prognostic strategies for identifying patients whose breast cancer is more prone to metastasize. Citation Format: McKiernan K, Jimenez H, McEachern M, Hubbard J, O9Connell M. Role of collagen X in enhancing the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells using a MDA-MB-231 cell line model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-16.
A Genetically Encoded, Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensor for Hydrogen Sulfide.

As an important gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays crucial roles in cell signaling. Incorporation of p-azidophenylalanine (pAzF) into fluorescent proteins (FPs) via genetic code expansio...
$\mathbb A^1$-homotopy invariants of corner skew Laurent polynomial algebras

National Science Foundation (U.S.). Faculty Early Career Development Program (Award #1350472)
HER2 and Breast Cancer — A Phenomenal Success Story

Lasker Award for HER2 Discoveries The 2019 Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award goes to scientists whose work on the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in breast cancer launched a n...
Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Transcallosal Excision of Colloid Cysts: A Systematic Review in the Era of Complete Endoscopic Excision

Objective Transcallosal microscopic and endoscopic excisions are both well established approaches to colloid cyst resection; however, there has been no clear consensus regarding the favored approach. We performed a systematic review comparing the transcallosal microscopic and endoscopic transcortical approaches for colloid cyst excision. Methods We performed a systematic review from 2000–2018 of patients undergoing colloid cyst excision via a microscopic transcallosal or endoscopic transcortical approach where the surgical intent was gross total resection. Studies that included multiple approaches were included if the reported results were stratified by approach. Results The microsurgical transcallosal approach had a higher rate of gross total resection when compared with endoscopic excision (96% for transcallosal vs. 78.5% endoscopic; P Conclusions Modern series of colloid cyst excision continue to favor transcallosal approaches in achieving gross total resection. Nevertheless, endoscopic techniques have significantly reduced morbidity compared to transcallosal approaches, including lower rates of infection, infarct, and seizure. Endoscopic approaches also have a statistically significant decreased rate of shunt dependency—arguably the most important primary endpoint of surgery. With improving endoscopic technology and mastery of the technique, endoscopic excision is maturing into a standard first-line approach for colloid cyst excision.
Extended finite element method (XFEM) modeling of fracture in additively manufactured polymers

Abstract The fracture of additively manufactured polymer materials with various layer orientations is studied using the extended finite element method (XFEM) in an anisotropic cohesive zone model (CZM). The single edge notched bending (SENB) specimens made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) materials through fused filament fabrications with various crack tip/layer orientations are considered. The XFEM coupled with anisotropic CZM is employed to model the brittle fracture (fracture between layers), ductile fracture (fracture through layers), as well as kinked fracture behaviors of ABS specimens printed with vertical, horizontal, and oblique layer orientations, respectively. Both elastic and elastoplastic fracture models, coupled with linear or exponential traction-separation laws, are developed for the inter-layer and cross-layer fracture, respectively. For mixed inter-/cross- layer fracture, an anisotropic cohesive zone model is developed to predict the kinked crack propagations. Two crack initiation and evolution criteria are defined to include both crack propagation between layers (weak plane failure) and crack penetration through layers (maximum principal stress failure) that jointly determine the zig-zag crack growth paths. The anisotropic cohesive zone model with XFEM developed in this study is able to capture different fracture behaviors of additively manufactured ABS samples with different layer orientations.
JNK signaling controls branching, nucleokinesis, and positioning of centrosomes and primary cilia in migrating cortical interneurons

ABSTRACT Aberrant migration of inhibitory interneurons can alter the formation of cortical circuitry and lead to severe neurological disorders including epilepsy, autism, and schizophrenia. However, mechanisms involved in directing the migration of these cells remain incompletely understood. In the current study, we used live-cell confocal microscopy to explore the mechanisms by which the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway coordinates leading process branching and nucleokinesis, two cell biological processes that are essential for the guided migration of cortical interneurons. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK signaling disrupts the kinetics of leading process branching, rate and amplitude of nucleokinesis, and leads to the rearward mislocalization of the centrosome and primary cilium to the trailing process. Genetic loss of Jnk from interneurons corroborates our pharmacological observations and suggests that important mechanics of interneuron migration depend on the intrinsic activity of JNK. These findings suggest that JNK signaling regulates leading process branching, nucleokinesis, and the trafficking of centrosomes and cilia during interneuron migration, and further implicates JNK signaling as an important mediator of cortical development. Summary Statement Loss of JNK signaling reduces growth cone branching frequency, limits interstitial side branch duration, alters rate and amplitude of nucleokinesis, and mislocalizes centrosomes and primary cilia in migrating cortical interneurons.
Employment and energy uncertainty

Abstract This paper examines the effect of uncertainty on aggregate employment, private sector employment and employment in sectors that produce goods and services. Our empirical model is a structural vector autoregression with the multivariable GARCH-in-Mean, which we extend to permit the errors to be distributed multivariate exponential power. This distribution includes a shape parameter to characterize the degree of excess kurtosis. We find that increased uncertainty, measured from energy prices, has strong negative effects on employment, with the magnitude of the effect greater for employment in the private sector and goods producing sectors. We find that energy uncertainty contributes to a reduction in private sector employment growth more than 30 basis points on average, and by as much as 120 basis points during periods of extreme volatility. Once we account for the effects of uncertainty, we find that the dynamic response of employment to higher energy prices is unambiguously negative after about three months.
Predictors of index admission mortality and morbidity in contemporary esophageal atresia patients

Abstract Background/Purpose The Spitz classification for esophageal atresia with/without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) predicts mortality. This study evaluates the contemporary relevance of the Spitz classification and investigates predictors of morbidity. Methods EA/TEF patients born between 1995 and 2018 at two centers were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical variables including sex, prenatal diagnosis, birth weight, prematurity, major congenital heart disease (MCHD), and pre-operative mechanical ventilation (POMV) were collected. Index admission composite morbidity was considered positive if: length-of-stay > 90th percentile (139 days), ventilation days > 90th percentile (24 days), and/or gastrostomy was used for long-term feeding. Multivariable regression determined predictors of index admission mortality and composite morbidity. A composite morbidity predictive algorithm was created. ROC curves evaluated model discrimination. Results Of 253 patients, 13 (5.1%) experienced index admission mortality. Of the patients not suffering mortality, 74 (31.6%) experienced composite morbidity. Only MCHD predicted mortality (p = 0.001); birth weight did not (p = 0.173). There was no difference between the Spitz classification and MCHD alone in predicting mortality risk (p = 0.198); both demonstrated very good discrimination. Prenatal diagnosis, POMV, prematurity, and male sex predicted composite morbidity risk (p Conclusions The Spitz classification maintains contemporary relevance for mortality risk, though birth weight can be de-emphasized. A new morbidity risk algorithm is proposed for early postnatal counseling. Type of Study Prognosis study. Level of Evidence Level IV.