cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Institute of Medicine Recommendations for Improving the Quality of Cancer Care: What Do They Mean for the General Internist?

In order to evaluate and address the deficiencies in the U.S. cancer care system, particularly affecting the growing elderly population, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a panel representing oncology providers, surgeons, primary care providers, researchers, policy makers and patients. The Committee concluded that cancer care is on the brink of crisis and issued recommendations targeting all stakeholders involved in cancer care. General internists play a critical role in the care of cancer patients, from the time of diagnosis, through treatment, survivorship and end of life care. We review the IOM recommendations, highlight those that are particularly relevant to the general internist, and outline clinical, research and educational opportunities where general internists should take an expanded role.
RECQ1 plays a distinct role in cellular response to oxidative DNA damage

RECQ1 is the most abundant RecQ homolog in humans but its functions have remained mostly elusive. Biochemically, RECQ1 displays distinct substrate specificities from WRN and BLM, indicating that these RecQ helicases likely perform non-overlapping functions. Our earlier work demonstrated that RECQ1-deficient cells display spontaneous genomic instability. We have obtained key evidence suggesting a unique role of RECQ1 in repair of oxidative DNA damage. We show that similar to WRN, RECQ1 associates with PARP-1 in nuclear extracts and exhibits direct protein interaction in vitro. Deficiency in WRN or BLM helicases have been shown to result in reduced homologous recombination and hyperactivation of PARP under basal condition. However, RECQ1-deficiency did not lead to PARP activation in undamaged cells and nor did it result in reduction in homologous recombination repair. In stark contrast to what is seen in WRN-deficiency, RECQ1-deficient cells hyperactivate PARP in a specific response to H2O2 treatment. RECQ1-deficient cells are more sensitive to oxidative DNA damage and exposure to oxidative stress results in a rapid and reversible recruitment of RECQ1 to chromatin. Chromatin localization of RECQ1 precedes WRN helicase, which has been shown to function in oxidative DNA damage repair. However, oxidative DNA damage-induced chromatin recruitment of these RecQ helicases is independent of PARP activity. As other RecQ helicases are known to interact with PARP-1, this study provides a paradigm to delineate specialized and redundant functions of RecQ homologs in repair of oxidative DNA damage.
Vision, healing brush, and fiber bundles

The Healing Brush is a tool introduced for the first time in Adobe Photoshop (2002) that removes defects in images by seamless cloning (gradient domain fusion). The Healing Brush algorithms are built on a new mathematical approach that uses Fibre Bundles and Connections to model the representation of images in the visual system. Our mathematical results are derived from first principles of human vision, related to adaptation transforms of von Kries type and Retinex theory. In this paper we present the new result of Healing in arbitrary color space. In addition to supporting image repair and seamless cloning, our approach also produces the exact solution to the problem of high dynamic range compression of 17 and can be applied to other image processing algorithms.
Bayesian reference prior analysis on the ratio of variances for the balanced one-way random effect model

Abstract For the one-way random effect model when the ratio of the variance components is of interest, Bayesian analysis is often appropriate. Berger and Bernardo's (Bayesian Statistic, Vol. 4, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1992a)) grouped ordering reference prior approach is used to analyze this model. A sensitivity study for different grouped reference prior distributions shows that the one using a single element grouping gives the best result in the sense of asymptotic frequentist coverage property (Tibshirani, R., Biometrika 76 (1989) 604–608).
A Theoretical Perspective on the Bond Length Rule of Grochala, Albrecht, and Hoffmann

Grochala, Albrecht, and Hoffmann have recently observed that, for many organic and inorganic molecules, the bond lengths in the cation (R+), neutral system (Rgs), first triplet excited state (Res), and anion (R-) approximately satisfy R+ + R- − Rgs − Res ≈ 0. This paper shows how the Fukui function, a concept from the density functional theory of chemical reactivity, can be used to rationalize the Grochala−Albrecht−Hoffmann rule. The treatment also suggests which types of chemical systems will be best described by the Grochala−Albrecht−Hoffmann rule.
Hybrid genetic optimization for design of photonic crystal emitters

A unique hybrid-optimization technique is proposed, based on genetic algorithms (GA) and gradient descent (GD) methods, for the smart design of photonic crystal (PhC) emitters. The photonic simulation is described and the granularity of photonic crystal dimensions is considered. An innovative sliding-window method for performing local heuristic search is demonstrated. Finally, the application of the proposed method on two case studies for the design of a multi-pixel photonic crystal emitter and the design of thermal emitter in thermal photovoltaic is demonstrated. Discussion in the report includes the ability of the optimal PhC structures designed using the proposed method, to produce unprecedented high emission efficiencies of 54.5% in a significantly long wavelength region and 84.9% at significantly short wavelength region.
UHF measurement of breathing and heartbeat at a distance

The detection of breathing and heartbeat from a distance is important for medical triage and mass casualty events as well as routine monitoring of higher-risk patients. Typical approaches include wiring up patients to devices and wearable devices, but remote detection and monitoring is both easier on the patient and easier to administer. Monitoring at low frequencies means that there is less patient risk as well as extended range and reduced power. In this paper we look at the measurement of breathing and heartbeat of human subjects at UHF frequencies. We characterize the system design and capabilities as well as the algorithmic approach to extracting the signal. We measure biometric ground truth using heartbeat sensors, respiration monitors, and accelerometers. We do accurately measure breathing, and can measure heartbeat when the subject is holding his breath, but have not yet separated the heartbeat from breathing when both are being done simultaneously.
Prevalence and predictors of headaches in US adolescents.

Objectives.—To examine the prevalence of headaches among US adolescents; to explore the differences in prevalence by sex, race, and age; and to test the nature of the association between headaches and depression, self-esteem, and insomnia. Methods.—This longitudinal study used a nationally representative sample of adolescents (n = 6072) who were interviewed in 1995 (wave 1) and then interviewed a year later in 1996 (wave 2). Path analyses were used to test for the relationships among headaches, insomnia, depression, and self-esteem. Results.—More than 90% of subjects had experienced one or more headaches during the past 12 months. Of that 90%, about 30% reported recurrent headaches occurring weekly or more frequently. Girls tended to report more recurrent headaches (37.6%) than boys (21.3%). American Indians experienced the highest rate (35.6%) of recurrent headaches followed by white adolescents (32.1%). Depression and low self-esteem in wave 1 were found to precede the headaches in wave 2 in girls, but not in boys. No causal relationship was found between insomnia and headaches. Conclusions.—Headaches are prevalent among US adolescents, especially in girls and American Indians. This study suggests the existence of different paths involving different factors in headache-presenting behavior for boys and girls. Further studies are needed to illustrate the different mechanisms of headache in the two sexes.
Children’s Anger Attribution Bias: Relations to Family Environment and Social Adjustment

We examined the relations of caregiver depression and family instability to preschool children’s anger attribution bias and emotion attribution accuracy on a test of emotion situation knowledge. After controlling for age, gender, and verbal ability, caregiver depression and family instability predicted children’s anger attribution bias but not the overall accuracy of their emotion attributions. We also divided children into groups low and high on teacher reports of aggression and groups low and high on teacher reports of peer rejection and examined the anger attribution bias of these groups. For boys but not girls, greater anger attribution bias predicted higher levels of aggression. For all children, greater anger attribution bias predicted higher levels of peer rejection. Results suggest that the misattribution of anger to others may be an important component of some children’s early emotional and social difficulties.
A standardized series of embryonic stages for the emydid turtle Trachemys scripta

Interspecific comparisons of embryological development in turtles have been confounded by differences in morphology, number of stages, and relative detail of information provided for stages. To mit...
A test strategy for time-to-digital converters using dynamic element matching and dithering

This work presents a cost-effective test structure that is applicable to built-in self-test of time-to-digital converters (TDCs). The proposed structure uses deterministic dynamic element matching and dithering to generate linear time interval excitations for precision TDC test. Transition time points of a TDC can be measured with picosecond accuracy by using the proposed strategy, which enables the test and calibration of TDCs used in jitter characterization of communications systems with multigigabit-per-second data rates.
Registration of multimodal fluorescein images sequence of the retina

In this study, we present a Y-feature extraction method for registering color and fluorescein angiograms of the retina. The registration of multimodal fluorescein imagery requires the identification of strong geometric features in the retinal images that are invariant across modalities and to temporal grey level variations due to the propagation of the dye in the vessels. The most informative features, invariant across the considered modalities, are the locations of vessels' ramification: the so-called Y-features. We propose a Y-feature extraction method based on the local classification of image gradient information and an articulated model. An appropriate cost function is proposed for fitting the model using a gradient based approach. The fitted Y-features are subsequently matched across the images for registering the color and fluorescein images. Experimental results obtained on a large database validate the proposed method.
Latino Street Gang Emergence in the Midwest: Strategic Franchising or Natural Migration?

This article explores the role of migration in the recent emergence of Latino street gangs in a large, Midwestern city. Like many other places in the region, Indianapolis, Indiana, has witnessed the growing presence of Latino street gangs over the past decade. Seizing on the opportunity to document and analyze the early stages of formation, competing theoretical perspectives on how and why these gangs emerged are evaluated. The work is supplemented by insights gained in ethnographic work with Latino gang members, nongang Latino residents, public school employees, and police. The result is a contemporary historiography of Latino gang emergence, framed by a description of the social and structural context in which these groups are situated.
Age and gender are the strongest clinical correlates of prevalent coronary calcification (R1)

Objective: To determine which of the standard cardiovascular risk factors have the strongest associations with prevalent coronary artery calcification (CAC). Study design and setting: A cross-sectional study of 6086 consecutive subjects who underwent electron beam computed tomography for CAC at a private, university-affiliated disease prevention center in San Diego, CA. Results: The correlation between age and coronary calcium score in men (r=0.463) was twice that of the next highest correlation (0.218) for percent body fat. A similar relationship was found for women (0.413 vs. 0.238). Calcium scores increased incrementally by age category in both men and women. This pattern of increase was not present for LDL cholesterol. Men and women over the age of 74 had highly elevated risks for the presence of any calcified coronary atherosclerosis compared to those under the age of 45 (OR [95% CI]: 11.08 [6.186–19.859] and 11.81 [6.718–20.746], respectively). Addition of the other traditional cardiovascular risk factors did not significantly increase the discriminatory power beyond that provided by age on ROC analysis. Conclusion: Age and gender are significant independent clinical correlates of coronary calcium beyond that provided by the other risk factors. These results support the hypothesis that age is the predominant risk factor for coronary calcification. D 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
3.5 cm Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Erosion Occurs Predominantly in Irradiated Patients

Purpose: We analyzed our initial 100-case experience with the 3.5 cm artificial urinary sphincter cuff to identify risk factors for cuff erosion.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of a single surgeon, consecutive series of patients treated with 3.5 cm artificial urinary sphincter cuff placement from September 2009 to August 2013. Each patient underwent single perineal cuff placement via standardized technique. Preoperative characteristics, technical considerations and postoperative outcomes were analyzed and compared to those in a cohort of patients in whom a larger (4.0 cm or greater) artificial urinary sphincter cuff was placed during the same period. We identified clinical factors associated with an increased risk of 3.5 cm artificial urinary sphincter cuff erosion.Results: Of the 176 men who met study inclusion criteria during the 4-year period 100 (57%) received the 3.5 cm artificial urinary sphincter cuff and 76 (43%) received a larger cuff (4.0 cm or greater). The continence rate (83% v...
Studies of Mineral–Water Surfaces

In this chapter we discuss the application of inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering to the elucidation of the structure, energetics, and dynamics of water confined on the surfaces of mineral oxide nanoparticles. We begin by highlighting recent advancements in this active field of research before providing a brief review of the theory underpinning inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) techniques. We then discuss examples illustrating the use of neutron scattering methods for studying hydration layers that are an integral part of the nanoparticle structure. The first investigation of this kind, namely the INS analysis of hydrated ZrO2 nanoparticles, is described, as well as a later, complementary QENS study that allowed for the dynamics of diffusion of the water molecules within the hydration layer to be examined in detail. The diverse range of information available from INS experiments is illustrated by a recent study combining INS with calorimetric experiments that elucidated the thermodynamic properties of adsorbed water on anatase (TiO2) nanoparticles. To emphasize the importance of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for deconvoluting complex QENS spectra, we describe both the MD and the QENS analysis of rutile (TiO2) and cassiterite (SnO2) nanoparticle systems and show that, when combined, data obtained by these two complementary methods can provide a complete description of the motion of the water molecules on the nanoparticle surface. We close with a glimpse into the future for this thriving field of research.
Diagnosing and Grading of Brain Tumors: Immunohistochemistry

Diagnostic neuro-oncology practice has benefited in the last 2 decades from the incorporation of, and recent advances in, immunohistochemistry (IHC). Although the mainstay of brain tumor diagnosis including its grading remains conventional hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-stained histology, it is no doubt that IHC plays a major role in differential diagnosis and in improving the diagnostic accuracy. It is generally used for purposes of (1) identifying tumor cell type/origin, (2) assessing cell proliferation potential, (3) evaluating the boundary between tumor and the surrounding tissue (i.e., tumor “margin”), and (4) excluding reactive processes (e.g., demyelinating and infectious diseases). In the future, novel antibodies utilized as prognostic, predictive markers and as potential therapeutic targets for brain tumors will be developed.
Teller Job Satisfaction and Organization Commitment as They Relate to Career Orientations

In a study of 264 bank tellers, different job characteristics were found to be associated with job satisfaction and organization commitment based on career orientation. For career tellers, satisfaction and organization commitment are enhanced by participation in decision making, job challenge, promotion opportunities, and a people-oriented supervisory style. For the non-career-oriented teller, job satisfaction and organization commitment will be affected positively through association in a cohesive, effective work group. Non-career tellers prefer a supervisory style characterized by a task orientation.
Neurocognitive spotlights: Configuring domains for ideation

Creativity is an important attribute of the human mind, and shows itself in all aspects of its function. However, its neural basis remains poorly understood. In this paper, we explore two issues with regard to creativity in the semantic domain: 1) What neural mechanism enable the brain to construct context-specific semantic spaces to facilitate the generation of relevant ideas? and 2) Can these mechanisms support greater creativity simply by exploring unusual semantic spaces? We use a variant of our previously developed neural model of ideation to show that a dynamical modular neural system can, indeed, learn to configure context-appropriate semantic domains based on experience, and that exploratory dynamics within this system can lead to the unmasking of novel emergent ideas.
Permeabilization of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) embryos.

Embryos of the primary screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were successfully permeabilized for use in subsequent cryopreservation studies. Mortality was greater for eggs incubated for <5 h before treatment. The mean survival of embryos to first instars was 55.7, 61.1, and 62.6% when the embryos were incubated for 5, 5.5, and 6 h before treatment, respectively. The survival to the pupal and adult stages was low. An improved media for culturing the embryos during and immediately after treatment needs to be devised and the procedure for rearing the larval stages also needs to be altered to improve survival for emerging adults.
Role of linker histone in chromatin structure and function: H1 stoichiometry and nucleosome repeat length

Despite a great deal of attention over many years, the structural and functional roles of the linker histone H1 remain enigmatic. The earlier concepts of H1 as a general transcriptional inhibitor have had to be reconsidered in the light of experiments demonstrating a minor effect of H1 deletion in unicellular organisms. More recent work analysing the results of depleting H1 in mammals through genetic knockouts of selected H1 subtypes in the mouse has shown that cells and tissues can tolerate a surprisingly low H1 content. One common feature of H1-depleted nuclei is a reduction in nucleosome repeat length (NRL). Moreover, there is a robust linear relationship between H1 stoichiometry and NRL, suggesting an inherent homeostatic mechanism that maintains intranuclear electrostatic balance. It is also clear that the 1 H1 per nucleosome paradigm for higher eukaryotes is the exception rather than the rule. This, together with the high mobility of H1 within the nucleus, prompts a reappraisal of the role of linker histone as an obligatory chromatin architectural protein.
In Vivo Maturation of Allo-Specific CD8 CTL and Prevention of Lupus-like Graft-versus-Host Disease Is Critically Dependent on T Cell Signaling through the TNF p75 Receptor But Not the TNF p55 Receptor

A third signal is required for maturation of effector CD8 CTL in addition to TCR and CD28 engagement. Inflammatory cytokines can provide a third signal; however, in nonpathogen settings (i.e., antitumor responses), the identity of the third signal is not clear. A useful model for in vivo CD8 CTL in the absence of exogenous pathogens is the alloantigen-driven parent-into F1 model of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) characterized by a strong TNF-dependent donor antihost CD8 CTL T cell response. To determine whether TNF acts directly on donor T cells in a signal 3 manner, F1 mice received TNFR 1 (p55) knockout (KO) and/or TNFR 2 (p75) KO donor T cells. Donor p75 KO but not p55KO donor T cells failed to induce acute GVHD phenotype and instead induced a lupus-like chronic GVHD both short and long term because of quantitative and qualitative donor T cell defects, that is, reduced perforin, IFN-γ, and TNF production. Transfer of mixed or matched purified CD4 and CD8 T cells from wild type or p75KO donors demonstrated that optimal CTL maturation required p75 signaling in both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Despite defective p75KO CD4 help for CD8 CTL, p75KO CD4 help for B cells and autoimmunity was intact. These results provide a mechanism by which impaired CD8 CTL could contribute to reduced antiviral and antitumor responses and autoimmunity reported in patients receiving TNF blockers. Our results support the idea that selective p55 blockade may be beneficial by reducing inflammation without compromising CD8 CTL.
Decentralized control of Petri nets with constraint transformations

Supervision based on place invariants (SBPI) has been effectively used for the centralized supervisory control of Petri nets. In the SBPI approach, specifications are classified as admissible or inadmissible, and inadmissible specifications are enforced by transforming them first to a (more restrictive) admissible form. This paper considers the transformation to admissible specifications in a decentralized setting. In this setting, the system can only be controlled and observed locally. The design goal is to find local supervisors, each controlling and observing a part of the system, such that a global specification is enforced. The feasibility of this problem is demonstrated with a simple integer programming approach. This approach can incorporate communication between local supervisors as well as communication constraints.
When Do Welfare Attitudes Become Racialized? The Paradoxical Effects of Education

Recent research suggests that welfare attitudes may be shaped by negative perceptions of blacks, suggesting an implicit racialization of the policy. But what might inhibit the racialization of welfare? In this vein, research indicating that education facilitates tolerance suggests that negative racial perceptions and welfare attitudes may be less related among the educated. However, education may also be associated with a greater ability to connect general predispositions with specific policy attitudes. Somewhat paradoxically, this suggests that the association between racial perceptions and welfare attitudes may be stronger among the college-educated, despite their lower overall levels of racial hostility. Study 1 shows that education attenuates negative racial perceptions, while strengthening their impact on public-assistance attitudes—but only when assistance is described as “welfare.” Study 2 extends and qualifies this finding, showing that education strengthens the relationship between perceptions of welfare recipients and global welfare attitudes only when recipients are black.
Repeat Neuroimaging of Mild Traumatic Brain-injured Patients With Acute Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage: Clinical Outcomes and Radiographic Features

Objectives Emergency department (ED) management of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with any form of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is variable. Since 2000, our center’s standard practice has been to obtain a repeat head computed tomography (CT) at least 6 hours after initial imaging. Patients are eligible for discharge if clinical and CT findings are stable. Whether this practice is safe is unknown. This study characterized clinical outcomes in mild TBI patients with acute traumatic ICH seen on initial ED neuroimaging.
Electron flow in the SABRE linear induction adder in positive polarity

In a positive polarity induction adder each of the induction cavities is a cathode, which emits electrons at a unique potential. These broad spectrum electrons strongly affect Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line (MITL) behavior. Electron flow decreases the cavity-to-MITL coupling efficiency, and reduces the power transport efficiency along the system. Also the operating impedance of the MITL is lowered, reducing the diode impedance required for good coupling and good total system power efficiency. It is therefore imperative to understand the details of MITL electron flow. In previous work, measurement of MITL electron flow for a twenty-stage linear induction adder (Hermes III), operated in positive polarity, was compared with simulations. There was qualitative agreement, but some differences were noted. For example, measured electron flow in the first cavities was greater than in the simulations. We have extended the work on this subject with detailed current measurements on a ten-stage linear induction adder (SABRE). Time resolved electron flow is determined from the difference between anode and cathode currents at several axial locations. A time-resolved mapping of electron flow versus adder length is constructed. Measurements of electron flow in the initial cavities agreed well with simulations. Electron flow for times near the current peak exhibits a monotonic increase with length, except at the adder end. >
Nitrogen and silicon defect incorporation during homoepitaxial CVD diamond growth on (111) surfaces

Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) diamond growth on (111)-diamond surfaces has received increased attention lately because of the use of N-V related centers in quantum computing as well as application of these defect centers in sensing nano-Tesla strength magnetic fields. We have carried out a detailed study of homoepitaxial diamond deposition on (111)-single crystal diamond (SCD) surfaces using a 1.2 kW microwave plasma CVD (MPCVD) system employing methane/hydrogen/nitrogen/oxygen gas phase chemistry. We have utilized Type Ib (111)-oriented single crystal diamonds as seed crystals in our study. The homoepitaxially grown diamond films were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The nitrogen concentration in the plasma was carefully varied between 0 and 1500 ppm while a ppm level of silicon impurity is present in the plasma from the quartz bell jar. The concentration of N-V defect centers with PL zero phonon lines (ZPL) at 575nm and 637nm and the Si-defect center with a ZPL at 737nm were experimentally detected from a variation in CVD growth conditions and were quantitatively studied. As a result, altering nitrogen and oxygen concentration in the plasma was observed to directly affect N-V and Si-defectmore » incorporation into the (111)-oriented diamond lattice and these findings are presented.« less
Overcoming Barriers to the Recruitment of Nurses as Participants in Health Care Research

Adequate participant recruitment is critical for the successful execution of research studies involving human subjects. Participant recruitment can be particularly challenging when the intended study participants are health care providers as opposed to patients. Discussions of the challenges and successful strategies associated with provider recruitment are limited, particularly regarding providers other than physicians and settings outside of primary care. Using a case study format, we present our experiences recruiting inpatient nurses into a study which involved focus group methodology at a United States Veterans Health Administration facility. We describe the initial logistical and ethical issues involved, various challenges we encountered, and five successful action strategies used during a second recruitment wave addressing logistical issues; on-site recruitment; increased scheduling flexibility and peer-to-peer recruitment; attention to the sensitive nature of the research topic; and increased involvement of stakeholders. In conclusion, we advocate for multimodal recruitment strategies that facilitate ongoing investigator-clinician partnerships.
Suppression of Ni silicide formation by Se passivation of Si(001)

Valence mending of a semiconductor surface, such as the Se-passivated Si(001) surface, improves the chemical and thermal stability of the surface as compared to the bare Si(001) surface. In this paper, we report the suppression of Ni silicide formation between Ni and Si(001) through monolayer passivation of Si(001) by Se. Ni was deposited on both Se-passivated and bare Si(001) surfaces. The samples were annealed at temperatures from 400°C to 700°C. Cross-sectional TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) revealed that Ni on bare samples reacted with Si at 400°C and formed silicide, whereas Ni on Se-passivated samples did not react with Si at 500°C. Surface composition analysis by XPS (X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) showed pure Ni surface on Se-passivated samples annealed at 400°C and 500°C, but silicide surface on bare samples annealed at the same temperatures. Hence, Se passivation suppresses the formation of Ni silicide on the Si(001) surface by over 100°C as compared to the bare Si(001) surface. These results may have important implications in source/drain engineering in sub-100 nm Si CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) devices.
Paths from Talk to Action

Peer production networks produce artifacts through the coordinated efforts of many. One form of coordination is online asynchronous discussion. Using speech act theory as a basis, this study posits and empirically validates how user discussions not only describe the topics the community interested in but also symbolically reflect the styles that drive the discussions and affect subsequent collective action. An analysis of WikiProject talk pages in relationship to Wikipedia articles shows that declarations and announcements of decisions taken at the community level is a significant driver of collective action. While coordination discussions foster action, information-only discussions lead to less participation and less action.
Enhancing Shared Decision Making Through Carefully Designed Interventions That Target Patient And Provider Behavior

Patient-provider communication and shared decision making are essential for primary care delivery and are vital contributors to patient experience and health outcomes. To alleviate communication shortfalls, we designed a novel, multidimensional intervention aimed at nudging both patients and primary care providers to communicate more openly. The intervention was tested against an existing intervention, which focused mainly on changing patients’ behaviors, in four primary care clinics involving 26 primary care providers and 300 patients. Study results suggest that compared to usual care, both the novel and existing interventions were associated with better patient reports of how well primary care providers engaged them in shared decision making. Future research should build on the work in this pilot to rigorously examine the comparative effectiveness and scalability of these interventions to improve shared decision making at the point of care.
Child Well-Being: Where Is It in Our Data Systems?

Child well-being is a required goal for public child welfare. Despite this requirement, there continues to be no systematic inclusion of child well-being indicators in administrative data, particularly for children remaining in the home. This brief commentary provides a rationale and suggested steps for moving toward inclusion of well-being indicators as a part of standard electronic record-keeping. Suggested operationalized elements for inclusion in electronic records are offered as well as suggestions for linkage across systems to begin to capture elements of the outcome of well-being automatically. Limitations and barriers are discussed as well as present policy changes that may provide support for this endeavor.
Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol by plasma membrane cholesterol.

The abundance of cell cholesterol is governed by multiple regulatory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which, in turn, are under the control of the cholesterol in that organelle. But how does ER cholesterol reflect cell (mostly plasma membrane) cholesterol? We have systematically quantitated this relationship for the first time. We found that ER cholesterol in resting human fibroblasts comprised approximately 0.5% of the cell total. The ER pool rose by more than 10-fold in less than 1 h as cell cholesterol was increased by approximately 50% from below to above its physiological value. The curve describing the dependence of ER on plasma membrane cholesterol had a J shape. Its vertex was at the ambient level of cell cholesterol and thus could correspond to a threshold. A variety of class 2 amphiphiles (e.g., U18666A) rapidly reduced ER cholesterol but caused only minor alterations in the J-curve. In contrast, brief exposure of cells to the oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, elevated and linearized the J-curve, increasing ER cholesterol at all values of cell cholesterol. This finding can explain the rapid action of oxysterols on cholesterol homeostasis. Other functions have also been observed to depend acutely on the level of plasma membrane cholesterol near its physiological level, perhaps reflecting a cholesterol-dependent structural or organizational transition in the bilayer. Such a physical transition could serve as a set-point above which excess plasma membrane cholesterol is transported to the ER where it would signal regulatory proteins to down-regulate its further accumulation.
Inscrutability and visual objects

The thesis that the visual system represents objects has garnered empirical support from a variety of sources in recent decades. But what kinds of things qualify as “objects” in the relevant sense? Are they ordinary three-dimensional bodies? Are they the facing surfaces of three-dimensional bodies? I argue that there is no fact of the matter: what we have are equally acceptable ways of assigning extensions to the relevant visual states. The view I defend bears obvious similarities to Quine’s thesis that linguistic reference is inscrutable. Importantly, though, I argue that even if Quine was wrong about inscrutability as a thesis about language and thought, the case for the inscrutability of visual reference remains strong.
Evaluation of TMPA Precipitation Estimates from 2008 to 2012 over China

The spatial error structure of surface precipitation derived from the latest version-7 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis(TMPA) algorithms are systematically studied by comparing with the daily China precipitation analysis product(CPAP) from September 2008 to August 2012.The TMPA products include the real-time product 3B42 RT,the research product 3B42(3B42V7).In terms of four-year mean daily precipitation the 3B42V7 products are highly correlated with CPAP with correlation coefficient(CC) being about 0.94,relative bias(RB) about —0.11%and the root mean square error(RMSE) about 0.53 mm · d~(-1).The 3B42 RT product has lower CC about 0.75 and higher relative bias(RB) about 39.30%and RMSE about 1.25 mm · d~(-1).The 3B42 RT product overestimated the rainfall in the west of China with RB about 116.60%for the whole year(104.52%、105.73%、117.64%and 326.60%respectively for spring,summer,autumn and winter).The relative error of 3B42V7 product is only 0.82%(2.25%,1.24%,-5.27%,—24.64%for spring,summer,autumn and winter,respectively).
Application of Transmission Line Dynamic Heat Rating Technology

Transmission line static heat calculation, which uses specific environment temperature and wind speed, is conservative. However, dynamic heat calculation, which uses real-time conductor temperature and weather data, reflects dynamic thermal capacity of the line. Coupled with real-time monitoring devices and mini weather station on the line, it provides basis for dispatching operators to control line load. Line capacity can be increased by 10%~30% using dynamic heat measurements, which is a cheap, effective, and safe line capacity enlarging technology
Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire in Two Samples of Youth with OCD.

Researchers have demonstrated that quality of life (QOL) is an important construct to measure in individuals with mental health disorders, yet only a small amount of research has been dedicated to examining QOL and its response to treatment in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The current study explored the psychometric properties of a measure of QOL, the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q), by examining the reliability, validity, and treatment sensitivity of this measure delivered in two separate RCTs for OCD (total N = 251 across both studies). Our results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the PQ-LES-Q in adolescents with OCD (all Cronbach’s alphas >.89, convergent validity correlations significant at the p < .05 level), but that an adaptation of the measure many be necessary for valid use in younger children with OCD.
Science Curiosity in Learning Environments: Developing an Attitudinal Scale for Research in Schools, Homes, Museums, and the Community.

ABSTRACTAlthough curiosity is considered an integral aspect of science learning, researchers have debated how to define, measure, and support its development in individuals. Prior measures of curiosity include questionnaire type scales (primarily for adults) and behavioral measures. To address the need to measure scientific curiosity, the Science Curiosity in Learning Environments (SCILE) scale was created and validated as a 12-item scale to measure scientific curiosity in youth. The scale was developed through (a) adapting the language of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II [Kashdan, T. B., Gallagher, M. W., Silvia, P. J., Winterstein, B. P., Breen, W. E., Terhar, D., & Steger, M. F. (2009). The curiosity and exploration inventory-II: Development, factor structure, and psychometrics. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(6), 987–998] for youth and (b) crafting new items based on scientific practices drawn from U.S. science standards documents. We administered a preliminary set of 30 items to 663 ...
Glucose regulates the intrinsic inflammatory response of the heart to surgically induced hypothermic ischemic arrest and reperfusion

We investigated the isolated working rat heart as a model to study early transcriptional remodeling induced in the setting of open heart surgery and stress hyperglycemia. Hearts of male Sprague Dawley rats were cold-arrested in Krebs-Henseleit buffer and subjected to 60 min normothermic reperfusion in the working mode with buffer supplemented with noncarbohydrate substrates plus glucose (25 mM) or mannitol (25 mM; osmotic control). Gene expression profiles were determined by microarray analysis and compared with those of nonperfused hearts. Perfused hearts displayed a transcriptional signature independent from the presence of glucose showing a more than twofold increase in expression of 71 genes connected to inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. These transcriptional alterations were very similar to the ones taking place in the hearts of open heart surgery patients. Prominent among those alterations was the upregulation of the three master regulators of metabolic reprogramming, MYC, NR4A1, and NR4A2. Targeted pathway analysis revealed an upregulation of metabolic processes associated with the proliferation and activation of macrophages and fibroblasts. Glucose potentiated the upregulation of a subset of genes associated with polarization of tissue reparative M2-like macrophages, an effect that was lost in perfused hearts from rats rendered insulin resistant by high-sucrose feeding. The results expose the heart as a significant source of proinflammatory mediators released in response to stress associated with cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, and suggest a major role for glucose as a signal in the determination of resident cardiac macrophage polarization.
A Rapid Systematic Review of Outcomes Studies in Genetic Counseling

As healthcare reimbursement is increasingly tied to value-of-service, it is critical for the genetic counselor (GC) profession to demonstrate the value added by GCs through outcomes research. We conducted a rapid systematic literature review to identify outcomes of genetic counseling. Web of Science (including PubMed) and CINAHL databases were systematically searched to identify articles meeting the following criteria: 1) measures were assessed before and after genetic counseling (pre-post design) or comparisons were made between a GC group vs. a non-GC group (comparative cohort design); 2) genetic counseling outcomes could be assessed independently of genetic testing outcomes, and 3) genetic counseling was conducted by masters-level genetic counselors, or non-physician providers. Twenty-three papers met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were in the cancer genetic setting and the most commonly measured outcomes included knowledge, anxiety or distress, satisfaction, perceived risk, genetic testing (intentions or receipt), health behaviors, and decisional conflict. Results suggest that genetic counseling can lead to increased knowledge, perceived personal control, positive health behaviors, and improved risk perception accuracy as well as decreases in anxiety, cancer-related worry, and decisional conflict. However, further studies are needed to evaluate a wider array of outcomes in more diverse genetic counseling settings.
Incorporating Meta-Emotions in Integrative Cognitive-Affective Therapy to Treat Comorbid Bulimia Nervosa and Substance Use Disorders in a Latina American

Individuals with co-occurring eating and substance use disorders have poorer psychosocial adjustment than those with only eating pathology or substance misuse patterns; these complex cases are often challenging to treat in clinical settings. Eating and substance use disorders share personality, affective, and cognitive etiologic factors, suggesting the importance and opportunities to treat them simultaneously in an integrative intervention approach. The integrative cognitive-affective therapy (ICAT) validated to treat bulimia nervosa follows an evidence-based conceptual framework; it addresses many shared risk factors that underlie eating and substance use disorders. A Latina American with comorbid bulimia nervosa, alcohol and cocaine use disorders, and bipolar I disorder was treated using ICAT; therapy was augmented with an explicit examination of, and cognitive restructuring surrounding, negative meta-emotions. ICAT and treatment around meta-emotions were delivered in the context of an intensive outpati...
Genetic Characterization of Atlantic Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina

The Atlantic blue crab [Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896)] is a commercially and recreationally important decapod crustacean found in estuarine and nearshore waters of the western Atlantic. Recent declines in abundance, compounded with a scarcity of biological and genetic information, have made blue crab a high-priority species for research and conservation in South Carolina (SC). A suite of microsatellite loci was used to estimate the genetic diversity and effective population size of blue crab collected from Charleston Harbor, SC, in 2012 to 2013. Genetic diversity of the Charleston Harbor blue crab population was relatively high, whereas inbreeding was fairly low. Effective size estimates were on the order of several hundred to several thousand individuals. The results of our study exhibit good indications for the overall genetic “health” of the Charleston Harbor blue crab population and provide valuable information that can be incorporated into management plans to aid in the conservation of blue crab in SC.
Policing Intimate Partner Violence: Attitudes toward Risk Assessment and Collaboration with Social Workers.

Risk-informed collaborative police-social service interventions are an emerging strategy intended to enhance offender accountability and victim-survivors' safety in intimate partner violence (IPV) cases. These interventions use risk assessment to determine appropriate interventions and enhance the police response for dangerous offenders by engaging in collaboration with social work advocates. Because little is known about the responsiveness of police officers to risk-informed collaborative interventions, this study examines police officer (N = 544) attitudes toward IPV risk assessment and collaboration with social workers. The majority of police officers did not believe a social worker would be helpful at the scene of an IPV incident. However, those who agreed that a social worker would be helpful were more likely to be knowledgeable about the dynamics of IPV. Officers who believed risk assessment was important were more likely to believe that the police response to IPV is necessary. Finally, officers' perceived knowledge about risk for homicide was not consistently associated with actual knowledge about IPV. These findings suggest a need for knowledgeable social workers to collaborate with police, particularly in high-risk cases, and to offer training for officers on risk factors for homicide, coercive control, and misperceptions about IPV.© 2017 National Association of Social Workers. Language: en
Discriminant Validity of the Stroke Impact Scale

P123 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the discriminant validity of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) by comparing function and quality of life in stroke patients to assessments from stroke-free community dwelling elderly. Methods: The SIS was administered at 90 to 120 days post-stroke to subjects who participated in the Kansas City Stroke Registry (KCSR). The same impact scale was also administered cross-sectionally to community dwelling elderly who were recruited from primary care clinics for participation in an ongoing prospective study of health and function (Merck). All subjects were queried for responses to 64 items of the SIS including eight domains: strength, memory and thinking, emotion, communication, ADL/IADL, mobility, upper extremity, and social participation. Regression analyses were used to examine differences between stroke patients and stroke-free elderly in each of the eight SIS domains while controlling for demographics and comorbidities. Results: One hundred and sixty KCSR subjects and two hundred and forty-three subjects from the Merck study were included in the present analysis. The mean ages were 73±10.1 and 74±5.1, respectively. Gender and race were similar in both groups. The 90-days post-stroke mean Barthel ADL was 80±23 in the stroke patients. Mean scores of all 8 SIS domains were significantly lower in stroke patients than those in the stroke-free community dwelling elderly even after controlling for differences in age and comorbidities (all p values 90 at 90-days post-stroke, remained lower than those in the stroke-free community dwelling elderly (p values Conclusion: The SIS was able to discriminate well between stroke patients with disability and stroke-free elderly subjects. Patients who had recovered basic ADLs continued to have residual disability and impaired quality of life when compared to non-stroke patients.