cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium smegmatis SftH exemplifies a distinctive clade of superfamily II DNA-dependent ATPases with 3′ to 5′ translocase and helicase activities

Bacterial DNA helicases are nucleic acid-dependent NTPases that play important roles in DNA replication, recombination and repair. We are interested in the DNA helicases of Mycobacteria, a genus of the phylum Actinobacteria, which includes the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its avirulent relative Mycobacterium smegmatis. Here, we identify and characterize M. smegmatis SftH, a superfamily II helicase with a distinctive domain structure, comprising an N-terminal NTPase domain and a C-terminal DUF1998 domain (containing a putative tetracysteine metal-binding motif). We show that SftH is a monomeric DNA-dependent ATPase/dATPase that translocates 3' to 5' on single-stranded DNA and has 3' to 5' helicase activity. SftH homologs are found in bacteria representing 12 different phyla, being especially prevalent in Actinobacteria (including M. tuberculosis). SftH homologs are evident in more than 30 genera of Archaea. Among eukarya, SftH homologs are present in plants and fungi.
Situating Productive Play: Online Gaming Practices and Guanxi in China

Economic activities in and around online gaming in China are often correlated in the West with practices of gold farming, or selling in-game currency to players for real money in online games. What can we learn about online gaming in China and about online gaming and online sociality more broadly when we look at economic and other "pragmatic" practices through which online gaming becomes meaningful to players? In this paper, we present findings from an ethnographic study of online gaming in China's urban Internet cafes to discuss implications for game design, and HCI design more broadly. Considering the ties between socio-economic practices, development of trust and culturally situated imaginings of self-hood and otherness, brings to the fore how online gaming in and of itself constitutes the means for practical achievements in day-to-day management of guanxi (social connection).
Does music influence stress in mechanically ventilated patients

Summary Objectives Mechanically ventilated patients experience profound stress. Interventions are needed to ameliorate stress that does not cause adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of music on stress in a sample of patients over the duration of ventilatory support. Research methodology/design Randomised controlled trial; randomised patients (56.8 + 16.9 years, 61% male, APACHE III 57.2 + 18.3) receiving ventilatory support to: (1) patient-directed music (PDM) where patients self-initiated music listening whenever desired from a preferred collection, (2) headphones only to block ICU noise, or (3) usual ICU care. Twenty-four hour urinary cortisol samples were collected from a sub-set of subjects with intact renal function and not receiving medications known to influence cortisol levels ( n = 65). Setting 12 ICUs in the Midwestern United States. Main outcome measures Urinary free cortisol (UFC), an integrative biomarker of stress. Results Controlling for illness severity, gender, and baseline UFC (29–45 mg/day), mixed models analysis revealed no significant differences among groups in UFC over the course of ventilatory support. Conclusion While music did not significantly reduce cortisol, less profound spikes in UFC levels were observed but that, given the limitations of the research, this observation could have occurred merely by chance.
Observations on Spatial Heterogeneity of Surface Chlorophyll in one and two Dimensions

I trust that I will not be criticized for saying that, in general, the argument between Hensen and Haeckel has been resolved. Hensen (1887, 1895) believed that true spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the plankton could be resolved by careful measurement and analyses of variance. Haeckel (1893) thought these analyses might give more information than the data possessed. Our present understanding of spatial heterogeneity, and its analysis, does not lead us to disagree with either. Investigations carried out by a number of marine ecologists have shown large-scale spatial variations in phytoplankton. Amongst many others, this feature can be seen in studies off the northeast coast of England (Cushing, 1955), in the English Channel and Celtic Sea (Cushing, 1957; Pingree et al. 1976), off Scotland (Adams, Baird & Dunn, 1975,1976) and off the coast of the Netherlands (Gieskes & Kraay, 1975). Nevertheless the statistics of sampling heterogeneous distributions is far from simple, estimates of density for instance can be greatly influenced by the sample size (e.g. Greig-Smith, 1964; Cassie, 1963). Bainbridge (1957) summarized his review by saying that patches occurred on all scales from a few feet to as much as 30 or 40 miles by 120 or 180 miles. Our present understanding of the nature of turbulence in the sea would reduce his few feet to centimetres.
Integral Membrane Protein Sorting to Vacuoles in Plant Cells: Evidence for Two Pathways

Plant cells may contain two functionally distinct vacuolar compartments. Membranes of protein storage vacuoles (PSV) are marked by the presence of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP), whereas lytic vacuoles (LV) are marked by the presence of γ-TIP. Mechanisms for sorting integral membrane proteins to the different vacuoles have not been elucidated. Here we study a chimeric integral membrane reporter protein expressed in tobacco suspension culture protoplasts whose traffic was assessed biochemically by following acquisition of complex Asn-linked glycan modifications and proteolytic processing, and whose intracellular localization was determined with confocal immunofluorescence. We show that the transmembrane domain of the plant vacuolar sorting receptor BP-80 directs the reporter protein via the Golgi to the LV prevacuolar compartment, and attaching the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of γ-TIP did not alter this traffic. In contrast, the α-TIP CT prevented traffic of the reporter protein through the Golgi and caused it to be localized in organelles separate from ER and from Golgi and LV prevacuolar compartment markers. These organelles had a buoyant density consistent with vacuoles, and α-TIP protein colocalized in them with the α-TIP CT reporter protein when the two were expressed together in protoplasts. These results are consistent with two separate pathways to vacuoles for membrane proteins: a direct ER to PSV pathway, and a separate pathway via the Golgi to the LV.
A coordinated Jacobian transpose control for mobile multi-limbed robotic systems

This analytic and experimental study proposes a control algorithm based on Jacobian control for coordinated position and force control for autonomous multi-limbed mobile robotic systems. The technique is called coordinated Jacobian transpose control, or CJTC. Such position/force control algorithms will be required if future robotic systems are to operate effectively in unstructured environments. Generalized control variables, GCV's, express in a consistent and coordinated manner the desired behavior of the forces exerted by the multi-limbed robot on the environment and a system's motions. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated in simulation and laboratory experiments on a climbing system. >
Blackbody-pumped CO2 laser experiment

Thermal radiation from a high temperature oven was used as an optical pump to achieve lasing from CO2 mixtures. Laser output as a function of blackbody temperature and gas conditions is described. This achievement represents the first blackbody cavity pumped laser and has potential for solar pumping. Previously announced in STAR as N83-10420
Postmenopausal virilization due to ovarian stromal hyperthecosis.

ABSTRACT. A 53–year–old woman presented with hirsutism of long duration and virilization of recentonset. She was gravida 12 para 9. The 17–ketosteroids were normal, gonadotropins were in the post–menopausal range, and the serum testosterone was in the male range. After bilateral oophorectomy, the testosterone became normal. Ovarian pathology revealed stromal hyperthecosis. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 46:295,1978)
Lipid and dry weight of bovine seminal plasma and spermatozoa from first and second ejaculates.

Abstract Mean values for various measurements on 26 ejaculates of bull semen were as follows: seminal plasma dry weight (DW) 96mg per ml; lipid 1.21% (dry weight basis), 1.16mg per ml: spermatozoa DW 24.3mg per ml, 19.3 μ g per 10 6 ; lipid 15.1%, 362mg per ml and 2.87 μ g per 10 6 . Values for whole semen from 27 paired first and second ejaculates were DW 112, 106mg per ml and 78, 126 μ g per 10 6 ; lipid 4.61, 3.41%, 5.12, 3.62mg per ml and 3.42, 3.86 μ g per 10 6 , respectively. Seminal plasma and spermatozoa from 12 first and second ejaculates were analyzed; seminal plasma contained 96, 94mg per ml DW; 1.21, 1.03% lipid; 1.16, 0.97mg lipid per ml; whereas spermatozoa contained 30, 25mg DW per ml; 19.4, 19.3 μ g DW per 10 6 ; 13.7, 14.6% lipid; 4.18, 3.68mg lipid per ml; 2.68 and 2.81 μ g lipid per 10 6 , respectively. Seminal plasma from first ejaculates contained a higher (P
Topos Modeling of Social Conflict: Theory and Methods

Category theory and, more specifically, topos categories provide a more expressive type of mathematical modeling and, thereby, open the door to social models that are both rigorous and expressive. The present analysis draws upon four views of topos categories to construct a rich model of a logic based on recognition theory. The topos initially provides support for: (1) set theory (and classical logic), (2) topological regions dualism. The resulting structures support: (3) a local intuitionist logic that can vary by situated circumstances and actor types, and (4) the specification of regions that are defined by finely-differentiated classifiers. These tools construct an integrated topos category of social recognition that supports diverse forms of local logic. The latter are then explored regarding their contributions to a mathematical model of social conflict. Categorial analysis of historical patterns, as well as a complementary simulation model, is used to illustrate the advantages of such an approach.
MAR shopping assistant usage: Delay, error, and utility

This poster will present findings from a study of a shopping assistant prototype with simulated augmented reality information. The goal of the study was to find out the acceptable level of delay in presentation of augmented information and the acceptable rate of error of the information presented. Twelve participants interacted with a Samsung Omnia™ smartphone that presented a wine shopping scenario under several levels of delay in showing product information. Participants indicated their willingness to wait for each delay they experienced. Participants also answered a survey about which types of products they would want a shopping assistant application to assist with.
An analysis of feedback bridging faults in MOS VLSI

The feedback bridging faults are examined in detail for MOS digital circuits. A necessary condition is obtained which needs to be satisfied for oscillations in the circuit. Expression are given to predict the frequency and amplitude of oscillations. It is shown that when a feedback bridging fault does not cause oscillations, it creates an anomalous output. Such faults may not be detected by logic testing: the authors recommend measurement of power supply current to detect such faults in CMOS circuit. >
External beam irradiation for choroid metastases : Identification of factors predisposing to long-term sequelae

Abstract Purpose: To improve overall quality of life, palliative treatments shoudl attempt to minimize associated complications while effectively controlling specific symptoms. We reviewed our experience treating posterior uveal metastases with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to determine the complication rate and to identify the relationship between patient, tumor, or treatment-related factors and the development of ocular complications. Methods and Materials: 483 consecutive patients (pts) (578 eyes) were diagnosied with intraocular metastatic disease from solid tumor between 1972–1995. Of these, 233 eyes (188 pts) had lesions of the posterior uveal tract and received EBRT. Median follow-up time was 5.8 months (range: 0.7–170.0 months). Follow-up information regarding the development of complication was documented for 230 eyes. Complete EBRT details were available for 189 eyes. seventy-two percent of the patients received 30.0–40.0 gy in 2.0–3.0 Gy fractions. Biologically effective dose (BED) was calculated to allow meaningful comparison between various fractionation regimens and total doses. Concurrent chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy was used for 101 eyes (44%). Results: Median BED was 61 Gy 3 (range, 6.7–105 Gy 3 ), and of treated eyes received BED 50–70 Gy 3 . (2%). Lens-sparing techniques were used in 136 eyes (71%). At last follow-up 28 eyes (12%) developed one or more significant complications, including cataracts (16 eyes), radiation retinopathy (6 eyes), otpic neuropathy (5 eyes), exposure keratopathy (5 eyes), and neovascularization of the iris (4 eyes). Two eyes developed narrow-angle glaucoma, and one of these required enucleation. on univariate analysis, Caucasian race (vs. Black/Hispanic, p = 0.03), increased intraocular pressure at diagnosis (>21 mmHg, p = 0.02, and diagnosis by biopsy (vs. no biopsy, p = 0.03) predisposed toward the developmetn of complications. Factors not correlated with complications included BED ( p = 0.18), energy type ( p = 0.81), lens-sparing technique (versus whole globe, p = 0.57, and concurrent systemic treatment ( p = 0.60. The small number of complications did not support a multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Despite the employment of a variety of EBRT treatment techniques and the proximity of choroidal metastases to radiosensitive structures, significant complications of pallitive EBRT were infrequent. Although complications do occur, they are realted to host factors and do not appear to be a functional of irradaition parameters. We conclude that the potential benwefits of vision and globe preservation after palliative EBRT outweigh the small risk of treatment induced complication
The prospects and predicaments of intravenous rt-PA in childhood ischemic stroke

One of the biggest conundrums in acute treatment of childhood arterial ischemic stroke is administration of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Although the benefit of this treatment is well-established in adults, the same effectiveness in children has not been demonstrated. Diversity of underlying causes of ischemic stroke in children and delay and uncertainty in diagnosis are some of the complexities that make intravenous thrombolysis elusive in this population. Physiological, pharmacological and developmental factors may also play roles in variable effect of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in children. Current studies are aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in carefully-selected children who would benefit the most from this procedure.
Expression of a flt-4 (VEGFR3) splicing variant in primary human prostate tumors. VEGF D and flt-4t(Delta773-1081) overexpression is diagnostic for sentinel lymph node metastasis.

Expression of a flt-4 (VEGFR3) splicing variant in primary human prostate tumors. VEGF D and flt-4t Δ773–1081 overexpression is diagnostic for sentinel lymph node metastasis
Dissociation between the anticonvulsant action of alcohol and its depressant action in mice of different genotypes

Abstract The effects of ethanol and pentobarbital on flurothyl seizure susceptibility were studied in two lines of mice that were derived by selective breeding with respect to ethanol sleep time. Short-sleep mice (SS) were more susceptible than long-sleep mice (LS) to flurothyl-induced myoclonus, but there was no line difference in susceptibility to clonus. Low doses of ethanol or pentobarbital increased seizure latencies in both populations, and there was no difference between the lines in the effect of these drugs. The lack of difference in response to ethanol in the two populations indicates that the genetic mechanisms which determine sensitivity to ethanol's anticonvulsant action are not identical with those which determine sensitivity to its depressant action.
Tribute to Tinbergen: Public Engagement in Ethology

Public engagement in research, called citizen science, has led to advances in a range of fields like astronomy, ornithology, and public health. While volunteers have been making and sharing observations according to protocols set by researchers in numerous disciplines, citizen science practices are less common in the field of animal behavior. We consider how citizen science might be used to address animal behavior questions at Tinbergen's four levels of analysis. We briefly review resources and methods for addressing technical issues surrounding volunteer participation—such as data quality—so that citizen science can make long-standing contributions to the field of animal behavior.
Principles and Virtues A Foundation for Ethical Decisions, Policies, and Character

Principle ethics can be described as a set of prima facie obligations one considers when confronted with an ethical dilemma. Virtue ethics focuses on character traits and nonobligatory ideals that facilitate the development of ethical individuals. Within the context of the assumption that the major responsibilities or primary goals of professionals are to be competent and to serve the common good, we suggest that integrating these complementary ethical perspectives provides a coherent structure for enhancing the ethical competence of psychologists and counselors and the level of public trust in the character and actions of these professions and their members. Virtue ethics, rooted in the narratives and aspirations of specific communities, can be particularly helpful to professionals in discerning appropriate ethical conduct in multicultural settings and interactions. We propose that future directions for research and instruction be expanded from quandary ethics to encompass issues of character
Lung cancer recruitment of CD14+ cells results in an immunosuppressive phenotype and improved tumor survival under stress conditions

Meeting abstracts We have previously shown that a higher burden of CD14+HLA-DRlo/neg cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients is associated with systemic immune suppression and a poor outcome. We have also reported that CD14+ cells isolated from healthy donors are converted to the
Why Has the US Health System Become What It Is

The dominant values of people working inside the system – physicians, hospital administrators, and others – emphasize independence, individualism, competition, and profits. These values are deeply rooted in US healthcare, as they are in our society more generally. This is the American Way, where relatively little attention is paid to teamwork or a sense of the common good. Our health care is uniquely expensive and ineffective compared to other developed (and even not so developed) countries where they manage medical care as a public resource, like roads, and police, and fire departments.
Quelles commémorations pour les cinquante ans de la guerre d'Algérie ?

En 2012, l’Algerie celebre le cinquantieme anniversaire de son independance et la France commemore la fin d’une guerre qui, jusqu’en 1999, n’a pas ete reconnue comme telle et qui continue de hanter la memoire collective. Cet article revient sur cette annee et examine comment le conflit a ete commemore, comment le cinquantenaire a ete traite dans la presse et quels livres (dans le domaine general et dans le domaine jeunesse) il a suscites. Ce tour d’horizon politique, diplomatique, culturel, journalistique et editorial francais nous permettra de faire un bilan et d’identifier la ou le bât blesse dans le depassement du conflit au niveau national francais.
Dialogic Pedagogy and Educating Preservice Teachers for Critical Multiculturalism

The study investigates the potentials of educating preservice teachers for critical multiculturalism through dialogic pedagogy. The study findings suggest that dialogic pedagogy experienced some su...
Effects of Competition on Efficiency of Water Use

Many factors operate to influence the relation between competition for water and its efficiency of use. Careful attention must be given to definition of boundaries, terminology, etc., if meaningful relations are to be obtained in specific instances. An appreciation for the interconnection of all natural waters together with their variable and mobile characteristics is needed. A recognition of the effect of legal and institutional mechanisms which modify the relation between competition and water use is required also. Specific examples illustrate both favorable and adverse effects of competition on efficiency of water use.
Effect of cortisone administration upon nucleic acid composition of rabbit liver.

Summary and ConclusionsLivers of rabbits that received 25 mg of cortisone for 1, 2, 3, and 6 days were studied chemically and histologically. Under this stimulus, nitrogen content decreased and carbohydrate content increased in the livers. The PNA and DNA per g of liver both decreased but the ratio of PNA/DNA rose steadily with increasing number of days of cortisone administration. Analysis of livers of 2 animals killed 9 days after cessation of cortisone injection indicated repletion of DNA, PNA, and nitrogen. The nucleic acid composition of the kidneys was not altered by cortisone. A number of alternate explanations for the observations are advanced.
Homogeneity of the genetic variance-covariance matrix for antipredator traits in two natural populations of the garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides

Quantitative genetic models of evolution rely on the genetic variance-covariance matrix to predict the phenotypic response to selection. Both prospective and retrospective studies of phenotypic evolution across generations rely on assumptions about the constancy of patterns of genetic covariance through time. In the absence of robust theoretical predictions about the stability of genetic covariances, this assumption must be tested with empirical comparisons of genetic parameters among populations and species. Genetic variance-covariance matrices were estimated for a suite of antipredator traits in two populations of the northwestern garter snake, Thamnophis ordinoides. The characters studied include color pattern and antipredator behaviors that interact to facilitate escape from predators. Significant heritabilities for all traits were detected in both populations. Genetic correlations and covariances were found among behaviors in both populations and between color pattern and behavior in one of the populations. Phenotypic means differed among populations, but pairwise comparisons revealed no heterogeneity of genetic parameters between the populations. The structure of the genetic variance-covariance matrix has apparently not changed significantly during the divergence of these two populations.
Can Incongruencies Between Prospective and Retrospective Ease-of-Use Perceptions Affect Post-Use Satisfaction Ratings?

Consumers’ expectations about the usability of products may be an important contributor to their overall satisfaction with a design. The purpose of this study was to explore how incongruencies between predicted usability and actual usability of a design affect a user’s post-use satisfaction ratings for a design. Participants predicted the usability of two stove designs and then used the designs to perform a task. Interactive stoves had varying degrees of burner-knob s-r compatibility. In general, the relative dissatisfaction associated with the “hard” design compared to the “easy” design was dependent on the initial usability prediction of the participant. Participants who initially predicted the design would be difficult-to-use had lower satisfaction ratings for easy-to-use designs than participants who initially predicted the same designs would be easy-to-use. These finding suggests that making a product look easy-to-use may be as important as actually making it easy-to-use, therefore designers should c...
Surface Defects on Natural MoS2

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are being considered for a variety of electronic and optoelectronic devices such as beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) switches, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, as well as sensors, among others. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is the most studied of the TMDs in part because of its availability in the natural or geological form. The performance of most devices is strongly affected by the intrinsic defects in geological MoS2. Indeed, most sources of current transition metal dichalcogenides have defects, including many impurities. The variability in the electrical properties of MoS2 across the surface of the same crystal has been shown to be correlated with local variations in stoichiometry as well as metallic-like and structural defects. The presence of impurities has also been suggested to play a role in determining the Fermi level in MoS2. The main focus of this work is to highlight a number of intrinsic defects detected on natural, exfoliated MoS...
Circulating anticoagulants: physiologic and pathophysiologic.

Most of the pathophysiologic coagulation inhibitors are actually antibodies to specific clotting factors. The clinical manifestations of the inhibitors are nearly indistinguishable from those of congenital deficiencies of the factors against which they are directed. Thus, the anticoagulation disorder must be identified and understood for effective management.
Adolescent Gang Membership and Differences in Ethnic Identity, Esteem, and Efficacy

ABSTRACTScholars have long recognized the impacts of gang membership on adolescents. While some have focused primarily on the negative effects, this seeks to understand the nuanced reasoning and results of joining a gang explicitly on the youth’s perceptions of self-esteem, efficacy, and identity. Using the longitudinal assessment of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) program, propensity score matching was conducted on four attitudinal measures to determine whether positive outcomes were seen among adolescents reporting one-time gang involvement. Results indicate a positive effect on self-identity measures. Discussion of these findings illustrates the need for future research and policy implications.
Inborn Errors of Complex Carbohydrate Catabolism

Complex carbohydrates of the nervous system are degraded in lysosomes by the sequential action of a group of exoglycosidases known collectively as the lysosomal hydrolases. Inherited defects in the synthesis, assembly, or turnover of these hydrolases lead to storage diseases in humans (Spranger, 1987) and a variety of domestic animals. Those involving the nervous system result in spectacular neuropathology and provide the best evidence for the types of glycoconjugates synthesized by nervous tissue, as well as their rate of turnover. For example, in Tay—Sachs disease, storage material (GM2 ganglioside) predominates in nervous tissue, especially motor neurons, and is virtually absent from visceral tissue. The variable level of accumulation of GM2 in different brain regions (identified morphologically as multilamellar cytosomes) can be related to different levels of synthesis and degradation. This clearly manifests itself in patients with partial hexosaminidase (HexA) deficiencies, who exhibit symptoms of motor neuron disease, or spinocerebellar degeneration with other neuronal function (such as vision and intelligence) relatively intact. The absence of GM2 storage outside the CNS reflects the lack of GM2 synthesis in nonneural tissue. However, since lysosomal hydrolases are synthesized constitutively in all tissues, GM2 can be fed to fibroblasts from HexA-deficient patients, and its steady accumulation observed. Thus, storage patterns in patients with inherited enzyme defects can be used to give an accurate reflection of glycoconjugate content of the CNS versus nonneural tissue and this will be emphasized on an enzyme/disease, case-by-case basis.
Optimal pooling strategies for nucleic acid testing of donated blood considering viral load growth curves and donor characteristics

ABSTRACTBlood products are vital to healthcare, and their safety, in terms of being free of transfusion-transmittable infections (TTIs), is crucial. Unlike serological assays that screen for antibodies and antigens, Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) technology screens for genetic material, enabling an earlier detection of the infection. However, because NAT is more expensive than serological testing, most blood centers administer NAT to pools of blood samples from multiple donors. This reduces the testing cost, but also decreases the test's sensitivity due to a dilution effect. Further, first-time donors typically have higher prevalence rates than repeat donors, and therefore, a flexible, non-universal strategy which allows first-time donors to undergo more extensive screening may reduce the TTI risk in transfusion recipients. Since some donor characteristics are uncertain, we develop a chance-constrained model that determines the optimal NAT pool sizes for the various TTIs, considering both non-universal and un...
A Triangular Theory of Creativity

This article presents a triangular theory of creativity. The triangular theory builds upon 2 earlier accounts, namely, a 3-facet model of creativity and an investment theory of creativity. According to the triangular theory, creative individuals defy the crowd (other people and their conscious belie
Follow-up studies of 36 patients with atrophic gastritis

The clinical, endoscopical and histological follow-up of 36 patients with atrophic gastritis is presented. The observatoin period ranged from 3 to 10 years (average 5.6 years).
Symptoms of major depression: Their stability, familiality, and prediction by genetic, temperamental, and childhood environmental risk factors.

Background Psychiatry has long sought to develop biological diagnostic subtypes based on symptomatic differences. This effort assumes that symptoms reflect, with good fidelity, underlying etiological processes. We address this question for major depression (MD). Methods We examine, in twins from a population-based registry, similarity in symptom endorsement in individuals meeting criteria for last-year MD at separate interview waves and in concordant twin pairs. Among individuals with MD, we explore the impact of genetic-temperamental and child adversity risk factors on individual reported symptoms. Aggregated criteria do not separate insomnia from hypersomnia, weight gain from loss, etc. while disaggregated criteria do. Results In twins with MD at two different waves, the mean tetrachoric correlations (±SEM) for aggregated and disaggregated DSM-IV A criteria were, respectively, +0.31 ± 0.06 and +0.34 ± 0.03. In monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs concordant for last-year MD, the mean tetrachoric correlations for aggregated and disaggregated criteria were, respectively, +0.33 ± 0.07 and +0.43 ± 0.04, and +0.05 ± 0.08 and +0.07 ± 0.04. In individuals meeting MD criteria, neuroticism predicted the most MD symptoms (10), followed by childhood sexual abuse (8), low parental warmth (6), and genetic risk (4). Conclusions The correlations for individual depressive symptoms over multiple episodes and within MZ twins concordant for MD are modest suggesting the important role of transient influences. The multidetermination of individual symptoms was further evidenced by their prediction by personality and exposure to early life adversities. The multiple factors influencing symptomatic presentation in MD may contribute to our difficulties in isolating clinical depressive subtypes with distinct pathophysiologies.
The Origins of a Rebellion: Religion, Land, and a Western Environmental Ethic

This article examines an apparent irony in the environmental ethic of the contemporary American West. Much of the Interior West is dominated by a particular culture that is the product of Mormon settlement in the Salt Lake Valley and subsequent expansion throughout the region. The teachings of early Mormon leaders contained significant threads of what today would be recognized as environmentalism. Despite these teachings, and despite Mormons’ famously strict adherence to other theological tenets, the environmental ethic of the contemporary West is often perceived as anti-environment. Why would this culture, which holds so fast to its other religious teachings — including those teachings that for a time had significant and negative political, legal, and economic effects — reject this aspect of religious doctrine? Using the Mormon experience as a case study, this article argues that the contemporary West’s conservative environmental ethic is a tapestry woven from the interrelationships of legal regimes found and developed during western settlement, the cultural origins and destinations of the settlers, and the physical landscape itself. It is both what settlers found and developed upon arriving in the interior West that led to the region’s contemporary environmental conservatism.
Size distribution of national CO2 emissions

Abstract We examine the size distribution of national carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on a sample of 210 countries and territories for the period 2000–2010. We employ lognormal, double Pareto-lognormal, lognormal-upper tail Pareto, and Pareto tails-lognormal distributions to estimate CO2 size distribution. The analysis demonstrates that the lognormal-Pareto composite distributions generally fit the size distribution of CO2 emissions better than the lognormal distribution. The parametric analysis reveals that the upper-tail of CO2 emissions is characterized by Zipf's law. The power law in the upper-tail implies that large countries emit much of the CO2. When controlling for population, Zipf's law no longer holds, but per capita CO2 emissions still exhibit a strong Pareto upper tail.
Hit, Robbed, and Put Down (but not Bullied): Underreporting of Bullying by Minority and Male Students

To tackle adolescent bullying and identify students most vulnerable to being bullied, it is essential to examine both occurrences of bullying behaviors and students' own likelihoods of reporting bullying. This study examines ethnic and gender differences in students' odds of reporting bullying using the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, a nationally representative study of United States high school sophomores (N = 15,362; ages 15-19; 50.2% female). Compared to White and female students, minority (particularly Black and Hispanic) and male students report comparable or greater experiences of bullying behaviors (such as being threatened, hit, put down by peers, or having belongings forced from them, stolen or damaged), but are less likely to report that they have been "bullied." These findings point to racialized and gendered differences in reporting bullying experiences such that indicators of "weakness" in peer relations may carry a greater stigma for minority and male students.
AKT-independent activation of p38 MAP kinase promotes vascular calcification

Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients with atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress promotes pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We have previously reported that activation of AKT by oxidative stress induces vascular calcification. Using sodium dichloroacetate (DCA), a previously reported small molecule inhibitor of AKT, the present studies uncovered an AKT-independent mechanism in regulating vascular calcification. We found that DCA dose-dependently induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in vitro and aortic rings ex vivo. Furthermore, DCA markedly enhanced vascular calcification in atherosclerotic ApoE knockout mice in vivo. DCA-induced VSMC calcification was associated with increased Runx2, but not via activation of AKT, a key upstream signal that upregulates Runx2 during VSMC calcification. In contrast, DCA inhibited AKT activation and induced activation of p38 MAPK in calcified atherosclerotic lesions in vivo and calcified VSMC in vitro. Using a pharmacological inhibitor and shRNA for p38 MAPK, we demonstrated that inhibition of p38 MAPK blocked DCA-induced Runx2 upregulation and VSMC calcification. Furthermore, Runx2 deletion attenuated DCA-induced VSMC calcification. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed association of p38 MAPK with Runx2, which was enhanced by DCA treatment. Knockdown p38 MAPK inhibited DCA-induced Runx2 transactivity, supporting the function of p38 MAPK in regulating Runx2 transactivity. Our studies have uncovered a new function of DCA in regulating vascular calcification, via AKT-independent activation of p38 MAPK. Furthermore, we have identified novel interaction between p38 MAPK and Runx2 enhances Runx2 transactivity, thus promoting VSMC calcification. These results revealed a novel signaling mechanism underlying DCA-induced vascular calcification, and offer opportunities to identify new therapeutic targets.
The Electric Vehicle Time-of-Use Price Optimization Model Considering the Demand Response

A large number of electric vehicles connecting to the distribution grids usually introduce significant fluctuations to the grid and the loads. To solve the problem, guiding the users coordinated charging is proposed. Firstly, the uncontrolled charging power prediction models of electric vehicles are established, and the Monte Carlo method is adopted to simulate the power demands of different electric vehicles, and the influences on the load peak-valley ratios and the voltages and losses of the grid are all analyzed. Then the vehicle responses model considering the time-of-use price is analyzed, and the vehicle response ratios are obtained under different time-of-use prices. Finally the multi-objective optimization model is constructed including the minimum peak-valley ratio, maximum consumption satisfaction index and cost satisfaction index. In the procedure, vehicles and the grid are both taken into account. The results indicate the proposed method could guide the users coordinated charging, and the peak shaving and valley filling is also achieved, and the operation of the distribution grid is improved.
Power fluctuations: How Japan’s nuclear infrastructure priorities influence electric utilities’ clout

Abstract Analyzing Japan’s situation, this study examines how shifts in national government prioritization of infrastructure for large baseload electricity sources influence the political power of entities responsible for maintaining and expanding this infrastructure. Applying two theoretical frameworks – the theory on co-evolution of technological systems and institutions, and the advocacy coalition framework – the study shows how infrastructure prioritization leads to economic vested interests and political power that combine to shape energy system trajectories in complex ways that can enable both stasis and change after external shocks. Findings generate insights on how shifts in electricity infrastructure priorities and utility empowerment affect economic considerations for energy systems. Findings also provide lessons for policymakers on how linkages between infrastructure prioritization and political power can promote energy system lock-in. The study suggests that energy system adaptability requires framing of energy system goals in ways that enable necessary infrastructure investment while creating flexibility that allows future infrastructure changes.
Targeting educational needs based on natural resource professionals’ familiarity, learning, and perceptions of silvopasture in the southeastern U.S.

Natural Resource Professionals (NRPs) are commonly regarded as the front lines of agriculture and forest management innovations, including silvopasture, an agroforestry practice. Yet, as silvopasture is a departure from more traditional land management practices, many NRPs may not have the expertise or training to help landowners make informed decisions. Targeted training of professionals may prove beneficial. Through a web survey of NRPs with cooperative extension, Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), state forestry services, and private foresters in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Florida, we found that 64% of respondents are “somewhat” or “very familiar” with silvopasture and 54% have participated in a silvopasture field day. Rates of silvopasture training were highest for NRPs in the NRCS (78%) lowest for registered foresters (29%) (p < .001 Chi square = 55.367) and highest in Alabama (67%) and Mississippi (63%), and lowest in Georgia (41%) (p < .01). Perceptions of the physiographic suitability for silvopasture were lowest in Mississippi (p = .02; test statistic 14.632; DF = 3). The state forestry service NRPs and NRPs in Mississippi and Georgia present strong opportunities for education regarding silvopasture.
Constrained-Based Differential Privacy for Mobility Services

Ubiquitous mobile and wireless communication systems have the potential to revolutionize transportation systems, making accurate mobility traces and activity-based patterns available to optimize the design and operations of mobility systems. However, these rich data sets also pose significant privacy risks, potentially revealing highly sensitive information about individual agents. This paper studies how to use differential privacy to release mobility data for transportation applications. It shows that existing approaches do not provide the desired fidelity for practical uses. To remedy this limitation, the paper proposes the idea of Constraint-Based Differential Privacy (CBDP) that casts the production of a private data set as an optimization problem that redistributes the noise introduced by a randomized mechanism to satisfy fundamental constraints of the original data set. The CBDP has strong theoretical guarantees: It is a constant factor away from optimality and when the constraints capture categorical features, it runs in polynomial time. Experimental results show that CBDP ensures that a city-level multi-modal transit system has similar performance measures when designed and optimized over the real and private data sets and improves state-of-art privacy methods by an order of magnitude.
Deceptively-Simple Models of Climatic Change

Climate dynamics provides a meeting and testing ground for two areas of recent inquiry: (a) the theory and modeling of complex bio-geophysical systems, and (2) the theory and applications of nonlinear dynamical systems. The purpose of this brief review is to illustrate, by example more than by generalities, recent progress in theoretical climate dynamics. The simplicity of the models used as examples allows a rather complete analysis, physical and mathematical, of the underlying concepts: (i) internal variability of the climatic system, manifested by self-sustained, free oscillations; (ii) quasi-equilibrium response to external forcing; and (iii) interaction between the free and forced variations of the system. The illustration proceeds through these three steps to show how simple, forced climatic oscillators may explain most of the features of Quaternary isotopic records. Along the way, the tools of dynamical systems and bifurcation theory are explained and applied.
Respiratory Monitoring During Sleep

The correct determination of sleep disordered breathing necessitates the proper monitoring of respiration during sleep. Multiple modalities are available and many are utilized simultaneously in polysomnography. This article will outline the modalities for respiratory monitoring and discuss their utilization in polysomnography. Airflow detection, respiratory effort, and other physiological parameters will be discussed and when applicable, the recommendations of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine regarding each modality are provided.
Renal Failure Related to Drugs and Disease

Renal failure in the cancer patient generally falls in one of three categories: tubulointerstitial disease, acute glomerulonephritis, and acute obstructive uropathy (see Table 1). Diagnosis and management of the first two are discussed in this chapter; the third is discussed in Chapter 21.
Digital Asset Management Concepts

INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL ASSET MANAGEMENT “DAM. Looks like something you might say if you couldn’t DAM—digital asset management—is actually designed to preempt such frustrated outbursts. In an age when oodles of media, including print, images, video and audio, are stored groups need a way to organize, manipulate and share those media quickly and easily.” (Grimes, 1998) Dramatic changes have occurred on the corporate front in the last few years, as more and more businesses have business
Patterns of Beta Diversity of Vascular Plants and Their Correspondence With Biome Boundaries Across North America

Understanding why species composition and diversity varies spatially and with environmental variation is a long-standing theme in macroecological research. Numerous hypotheses have been generated to explain species and phylogenetic diversity gradients. Much less attention has been invested in explaining patterns of beta diversity. Biomes boundaries are thought to represent major shifts in abiotic variables accompanied by vegetation patterns and composition as a consequence of long-term interactions between the environment and the diversification and sorting of species. Using North American plant distribution data, phylogenetic information and three functional traits (SLA, seed mass and plant height), we explicitly tested whether beta diversity is associated with biome boundaries and the extent to which two components of beta diversity – turnover and nestedness – for three dimensions of biodiversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional) – are associated with contrasting environments and linked to different patterns of historical climatic stability. We found that dimensions of vascular plant beta diversity are strongly coupled and vary considerably across North America, with turnover more influential in biomes with higher species richness and greater environmental stability and nestedness more influential in species-poor biomes characterized by high environmental variability. These results can be interpreted to indicate that in harsher climates with less stability explain beta diversity, while in warmer, wetter more stable climates, patterns of endemism associated with speciation processes, as well as local environmental sorting processes, contribute to beta diversity. Similar to prior studies, we conclude that patterns of similarity among communities and biomes reflects biogeographic legacies of how vascular plant diversity arose and was shaped by historical and ecological processes.
Scheduling HPC workloads on heterogeneous-ISA architectures: poster

In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of multiprocessor architectures with ISA-different cores for executing HPC workloads. Our envisioned design point in the heterogeneous architecture space is one with multiple cache-coherency domains, with each domain hosting cores of a different ISA and no coherency between domains. We prototype such an architecture using an Intel Xeon x86-64 server and a Cavium ThunderX ARMv8 server, interconnected using a high-speed network fabric. We design, implement, and evaluate policies for scheduling HPC applications with the goal of maximizing workload makespan. Our results reveal that such an architecture is most effective for workloads that exhibit diverse execution times on ISA-different CPUs, with gains exceeding 60% over ISA-homogeneous architectures. Furthermore, cross-ISA execution migration can yield gains up to 38%.
Analysis of Evaluation Policies in the Philanthropic Sector

Since 2007, two taxonomies have been proposed to identify the components of evaluation practice that may be specified in an evaluation policy. Little is known, however, about how these taxonomies a...