cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geologic and Geomorphic History of New York and New England

The geology of the northeastern Unites States begins with the late Mesoproterozoic, over 1 billion years ago, when the Grenville suite of metamorphics (including the Grenville Marble) of the Adirondack Mountains was formed during the assembly of the supercontinent of Rodinia. Cambrian and early Ordovician carbonates, along with clastics, were deposited in continental shelf conditions until the mid-Ordovician Taconic Orogeny, when those carbonates were metamorphosed to marbles in eastern New York, southwestern Vermont, western Massachusetts and southeastern Connecticut. In central New York, those carbonates were unaffected, and from the late Silurian through the early Devonian, the Helderberg Group carbonates were deposited, shifting to clastics and back to the Onondaga Limestone by mid-Devonian. The onset of the Acadian Orogeny to the east in the late Silurian progressed westward, shedding clastics and eventually greatly deforming the Devonian carbonates along the Hudson River Valley. Other than Holocene calcareous tufa, no further carbonates were deposited on the region; clastic units of the Catskills migrated westward as the Alleghenian Orogeny ended the Paleozoic with the completion of the supercontinent of Pangea. Triassic rifting influenced southern New York and formed the Connecticut River valley, and Mesozoic intrusions developed farther east in New Hampshire and Maine. Erosion and peneplanation dominated the region from the Mesozoic through the Cenozoic until the onset of continental glaciation in the Pleistocene. Late Cenozoic doming brought the Adirondack Mountains upward, the region’s oldest rocks becoming the youngest tectonic feature. Caves and karst as visible today may have initiated in the late Pliocene.
A Spectrographic Interpretation of the Shock-Produced ColorChange in Rhodonite (MnSiO_3): The Shock-Induced Reductionof Mn(lll) to Mn(II).

Samples of rhodonite (MnSiO_3-pyroxenoid from Franklin, New Jersey) have been shockloaded to pressures up to 496 kilobars. Optical spectral studies of four recovered samples show a decreasing Mn^(3+) content upon recovery from successively higher shock pressures; after shock-loading to 496 kbar, the Mn^(3+) has essentially disappeared. No corresponding change in the optical spectrum results from heating rhodonite to 1250°C for 3.5 hours in a reducing atmosphere. Rhodonite heated to 1360° under the same conditions melts incongruently to manganese-rich glass and silica with disappearance of the 540 nm Mn^(3+) absorption band. The color change in the shocked rhodonite arises from irreversible reduction of Mn3+ during high shock pressures and possible high shock temperatures. It is suggested that Mn^(3+) is reduced to Mn^(2+) by water present in the sample during the shock event.
Multiple abnormal beta-hexosaminidase alpha chain mRNAs in a compound-heterozygous Ashkenazi Jewish patient with Tay-Sachs disease.

Abstract Abnormal beta-hexosaminidase alpha chain cDNA clones were isolated from fibroblasts of an Ashkenazi Jewish patient with Tay-Sachs disease. Four abnormal cDNA clones were sequenced in their entirety. We showed previously that three of these mRNAs retained intron 12 with a mutation from G to C at the 5' donor site and that the patient was heterozygous with respect to this splicing defect (Ohno, K., and Suzuki, K., (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 153, 463-469). One clone retained, in addition to intron 12, intron 13, which was truncated and polyadenylated due to a polyadenylation signal within intron 13. The fourth clone did not contain intron 12 and was missing exon 12. Some of these abnormal mRNAs were also missing one or more of upstream exons. The regions of exon 12-intron 12 and of upstream exons were evaluated in a total of 30 clones, including those completely sequenced, by restriction mapping and Southern analysis with appropriate probes. Of the 25 cDNA clones that included the exon 12-intron 12 region, 11 contained the exon 12-intron 12 sequence with the junctional transversion, and 11 were missing both exon 12 and intron 12. Among the 12 clones that included the region of exon 3-exon 9, 7 were missing one or more of upstream exons. Three clones gave results expected of normal cDNA in the region of exons 12 and 13. One of the three, furthermore, was 3.6-kilobases long and contained the completely normal beta-hexosaminidase alpha chain mRNA sequence on the 3' side and an abnormal 1.7-kilobase segment at the 5' end. These findings suggest that the splicing defect results in either retention of intron 12 or skipping of exon 12 in approximately equal proportions and that remote upstream exons are also frequently excised out. The three clones that were normal in the exon 12-intron 12 region could have derived from the other yet-to-be-characterized mutant allele. However, we were unable to obtain firm evidence that the abnormal upstream sequence is directly related to Tay-Sachs disease.
Using Channel Output Feedback to Increase Throughput in Hybrid-ARQ

Hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols have become common in many packet transmission systems due to their incorporation in various standards. Hybrid-ARQ combines the normal ARQ method with forward error correction (FEC) codes to increase reliability and throughput. In this paper, we look at improving upon this performance using feedback information from the destination, in particular, using a powerful FEC code in conjunction with a proposed linear feedback code for the Rayleigh block fading channels. The new hybrid-ARQ scheme is initially developed for full received packet feedback in a point-to-point link. It is then extended to various multiple-antenna scenarios [e.g., multiple-input single-output (MISO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), etc.] with varying amounts of packet feedback information. Simulations illustrate gains in throughput.
History of Political Parties in Twentieth-Century Latin America

(2004). History of Political Parties in Twentieth-Century Latin America. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 142-142.
Rational design of on-chip refractive index sensors based on lattice plasmon resonances (Presentation Recording)

Lattice plasmon resonances (LPRs), which originate from the plasmonic-photonic coupling in gold or silver nanoparticle arrays, possess ultra-narrow linewidth by suppressing the radiative damping and provide the possibility to develop the plasmonic sensors with high figure of merit (FOM). However, the plasmonic-photonic coupling is greatly suppressed when the nanoparticles are immobilized on substrates because the diffraction orders are cut off at the nanoparticle-substrate interfaces. Here, we develop the rational design of LPR structures for the high-performance, on-chip plasmonic sensors based on both orthogonal and parallel coupling. Our finite-difference time-domain simulations in the core/shell SiO2/Au nanocylinder arrays (NCAs) reveal that new modes of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) show up when the aspect ratio of the NCAs is increased. The height-induced LSPRs couple with the superstrate diffraction orders to generate the robust LPRs in asymmetric environment. The high wavelength sensitivity and narrow linewidth in these LPRs lead to the plasmonic sensors with high FOM and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Wide working wavelengths from visible to near-infrared are also achieved by tuning the parameters of the NCAs. Moreover, the wide detection range of refractive index is obtained in the parallel LPR structure. The electromagnetic field distributions in the NCAs demonstrate the height-enabled tunability of the plasmonic “hot spots” at the sub-nanoparticles resolution and the coupling between these “hot spots” with the superstrate diffraction waves, which are responsible for the high performance LPRs-based on-chip refractive index sensors.
SUPEROXIDE GENERATION BY NEUTROPHILS AND KUPFFER CELLS DURING IN VIVO REPERFUSION AFTER HEPATIC ISCHEMIA IN RATS

Kupffer cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) contribute to the severe reperfusion injury of the liver after ischemia at different time points. The objective of this study was to identify the cellular source(s) of reactive oxygen formation during the PMN-induced injury phase. Kupffer cells and PMNs were isolated from the liver after 45 min of ischemia and 5 h or 24 h of reperfusion using collagenase-pronase digestion and a centrifugal elutriation method. Spontaneous superoxide anion (O2-) formation by large Kupffer cells (basal value 0.65 +/- 0.16 nmol/h/10(6) cells) was increased (up to 550%) during the entire reperfusion period. No enhanced O2- generation by the small Kupffer cell fraction was observed at any time. Control PMNs generated only small amounts of O2- spontaneously (0.25 +/- 0.05 nmol O2-/h/10(6) cells), but hepatic PMNs generated significantly more superoxide: 1.90 +/- 0.58 nmol O2-/h/10(6) cells at 5 h and similarly at 24 h of reperfusion. All cell types were significantly primed for enhanced O2- formation during reperfusion; the priming effect was consistently higher for stimulation with opsonized zymosan (receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway) compared to phorbol myristate acetate (protein kinase C activation). Our data support the hypothesis that PMNs and large Kupffer cells are predominantly responsible for the postischemic oxidant stress during the later reperfusion injury phase after hepatic ischemia in vivo.
Change-Point Methods

This article reviews recent applications of change-point methods for modeling nonstationarities in environmental data. In particular, maximum likelihood-based methods for the detection and estimation of parameter changes at unknown times in environmental time series data are emphasized. Keywords: time series; trend; step change; likelihood ratio tests; environmental quality; Weibull distribution
CBS, The New York Times and reconstructed political reality

The news and editorial positions of CBS Evening News and The New York Times are frequently attacked by the Radical Right as having a consistently liberal bias in the presentation of public affairs information. This study examined the coverage of the 1984 national election in the local newscasts of a CBS affiliate owned by the New York Times Company and discovered a bias in both time of coverage and direction of favorability toward the Reagan‐Bush campaign—data contradicting other recent studies of network coverage of the campaign.
Resistivity and hall coefficient of antimony-doped germanium at low temperatures

Abstract The Hall coefficient R and resistivityρ of germanium single crystals containing between 5 × 1014 and 1018 antimony atoms/cc were reinvestigated at temperatures between 1·3 and 300°K. The low-temperature anomalies—a steep maximum in the log R versus 1/T curves and a change of slope of the log ρ versus 1/T curves—are discussed on the basis of impurity conduction. Two different processes of impurity conduction could be distiriguished by adding compensating p-type impurities to n-type germanium and investigating the resulting change of ρ at low temperatures. At small impurity concentrations (small overlap of electron wave functions of neighboring impurities), impurity conduction is possible only if compensating impurities produce empty majority centers. Addition of a small number of compensating impurities to a specimen containing 8·5 × 1015 antimony atoms cm 3 produced a decrease of the resistivity of impurity conduction because of the increased concentration of empty majority centers. At large impurity concentrations (strong overlap), the localization of the carriers is removed, so that they can migrate through the crystal without the presence of compensators. Addition of compensating impurities to a specimen containing 1·2 × 1017 antimony atoms/cm3 caused the resistivity of impurity conduction to increase because of the decrease in carrier concentration and the increase in the number of scattering centers. Qualitative agreement is found between impurity conduction in antimony-doped germanium and that in gallium-doped germanium previously reported. A quantitative comparison was, however, not possible because the degree of compensation could not be determined with sufficient accuracy.
Jerry Hunt: my mentor and tormentor

Purpose – This paper aims to present a professional and personal tribute to Professor Jerry Hunt, one of the distinguished scholars in leadership and organization studies and to offer glimpses of many of his distinctly eminent qualities as a scholar, a teacher, and as a mentor.Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on the author's personal experiences and observations to present a commentary on Professor Hunt's style of work and his approach to mentoring doctoral students and resolving complex problems. Set against the backdrop of the evolution of the field over the last three decades, the paper addresses some of the human, cultural, and collegial aspects of life in academia.Findings – Professor Hunt's dedication infused a new lease of life to the field of leadership at a time of declining interest in the field as an area of scholarly inquiry. His lifetime contributions as an editor, scholar, and mentor are as enduring as they deserve to be commended.Practical implications – The paper serves to il...
The synaptic vesicle cycle: exocytosis and endocytosis in Drosophila and C. elegans

Advances in the study of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans have provided key insights into the processes of neurotransmission and neuromodulation. Work in the past year has revealed that Unc-13 and Rab3a-interacting molecule regulate the conformational state of syntaxin to prime synaptic vesicle fusion. Analyses of synaptotagmin support its role as a putative calcium sensor triggering vesicular fusion and highlight the possible role of SNARE complex oligomerization in the fusion mechanism. Characterization of endophilin mutants demonstrates that kiss-and-run endocytosis is a major component of synaptic vesicle recycling. In neuromodulation, dcaps mutants provide the first genetic insight into possible roles of the CAPS protein in mediating dense core vesicle fusion and modulating synaptic vesicle fusion.
Glycoproteins from the hamster respiratory tract and their response to vitamin A

Abstract 1. 1. Lung and tracheal glycopeptides were isolated from hamsters after tissues were incubated with labeled sugar precursors. The uptake of labeled glucosamine and fucose into the glycopeptides isolated from lung was not affected by either deficiency or excess of vitamin A. On the other hand, in vitamin A deficiency, trachea showed a markedly lower incorporation of [ 3 H]fucose into one glycopeptide fraction eluted by 0.2 M LiCl from DEAE-Sephadex. 2. 2. This fraction did not respond to excess retinyl palmitate feeding, but its labeled fucose uptake increased by more than 100% when the animals were fed excess retinoic acid for 6 weeks. 3. 3. Recovery to normal levels of the depressed [ 3 H]fucose uptake into the 0.2 M fraction occured within 1–2 days after feeding vitamin A to deficient hamsters. 4. 4. Further purification of this 0.2 M fraction on Sephadex G-75 yielded several [ 14 C]glucosamine-containing components, only one of which component [ 3 H]fucose. Uptake of both [ 14 C]glucosamine and [ 3 H]fucose into this component was greatly reduced in vitamin A deficiency. Further purification of this component on Sephadex G-75 and on Sephadex G-50, yielded a single, [ 3 H]fucose-containing peak that contained mannose, galactose, hexosamines, fucose, and sialic acid in the ratio 1 : 1.6 : 2.7 : 0.1 : 0.1. The homogeneity of this peak was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Modelling longitudinal changes in older adults' memory for spoken discourse: findings from the ACTIVE cohort.

Episodic memory shows substantial declines with advancing age, but research on longitudinal trajectories of spoken discourse memory (SDM) in older adulthood is limited. Using parallel process latent growth curve models, we examined 10 years of longitudinal data from the no-contact control group (N = 698) of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) randomised controlled trial in order to test (1) the degree to which SDM declines with advancing age, (2) the predictors of these age-related declines and (3) the within-person relationship between longitudinal changes in SDM and longitudinal changes in fluid reasoning and verbal ability over 10 years, independent of age. Individuals who were younger, were White, had more years of formal education, were male and had better global cognitive function and episodic memory performance at baseline demonstrated greater levels of SDM on average. However, only age at baseline uniquely predicted longitudinal changes in SDM, such that decl...
Simulation of Response Times in Finite-Capacity Open Networks of Queues

We extend to two types of finite-capacity open networks a previously developed technique for the estimation by simulation of job response time characteristics in closed queuing network models of multiprogrammed computer systems. Particular stochastic point processes associated with a Markov renewal process generate arrivals to the networks. Such arrival patterns are useful for representation of the work load of the computer system being modeled. The regenerative method for simulation of stochastic systems and the idea of tracking a marked job in the network form the basis for the estimation technique. We also report illustrative simulation results.
Uterine Position Determines the Extent of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure in the Rat: Implications for Postnatal Outcome. 326

Uterine Position Determines the Extent of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure in the Rat: Implications for Postnatal Outcome. 326
An Investigation of Collaboration Among School Professionals in Serving Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students with Exceptionalities

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate and report the perceptions, practices, and needs of educational professionals as they relate to service delivery to culturally and linguistically diverse and exceptional (CLDE) students. For this study, the Collaborative Survey for teachers working with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse and Exceptional students (CS-CLDE) was developed and completed by a sample of 125 educational professionals (25 English as a Second Language teachers, 25 general educators, 25 counselors, 25 speech pathologists, and 25 special education teachers) in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. Quantitative data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics and frequencies. Qualitative data were analyzed and formulated into themes and then into clusters. The majority of the participants' responses indicated that they had the training and skills to work with CLDE students. However, they did not know the roles, responsibilities, and practices of other school professionals w...
Pompeiu transforms on geodesic spheres in real analytic manifolds

We prove a support theorem for Pompeiu transforms integrating on geodesic spheres of fixed radiusr>0 on real analytic manifolds when the measures are real analytic and nowhere zero. To avoid pathologies, we assume thatr is less than the injectivity radius at the center of each sphere being integrated over. The proof of the main result is local and it involves the microlocal properties of the Pompeiu transform and a theorem of Hormander, Kawai, and Kashiwara on microlocal singularities.
Neonatal administration of androstenedione, testosterone or testosterone propionate: effects on ovulation, sexual receptivity and aggressive behavior in female mice.

Abstract Neonatal female mice were exogenously administered either androstenedione (AD), testosterone (T), or testosterone propionate (TP) on Days 1, 2 and 3 after birth. Control females were given oil neonatally. As adults, all females were ovariectomized and scored for the presence or absence of ovulation. All females were then given estrogen and progesterone and tested for sexual receptivity. All females were then administered TP and were tested for aggressive behavior. Females given either TP, T or AD neonatally were, for the most part, anovulatory. Following administration of estrogen and progesterone in adulthood, females given either TP, T or AD neonatally showed little or no sexual receptivity. Following androgen stimulation in adulthood, females given either TP or T neonatally showed significantly more aggression than females given only oil neonatally. These results support the hypothesis that testosterone, or one of its metabolites, is the defeminizing agent in the neonatal male mouse. Analyses of quantitative and qualitative differences in the defeminizing effectiveness of the different steroids were also discussed.
Toward targeting RNA structure: branched peptides as cell-permeable ligands to TAR RNA.

Rational design of RNA ligands continues to be a formidable challenge, but the potential powerful applications in biology and medicine catapults it to the forefront of chemical research. Indeed, sm...
Toxoplasma-induced autophagy: a window into nutritional futile cycles in mammalian cells?

The regulation and function of autophagy in response to metabolic signals is not yet well understood. A recent study from our laboratory indicates than an intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, derives nutritive benefit from the upregulation of host cell autophagy. We discuss these and related findings suggesting that autophagy in infected cells functions as part of a metabolic futile cycle. The hypothesis is presented that endogenous autophagy-based futile cycles may operate in normal mammalian cells, providing a substrate for manipulation by pathogens.
Prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection presenting to US EDs.

Abstract Objective The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the United States. Secondary objectives included defining the burden of CDI. Methods This is a retrospective, observational cohort study of 2006-2010 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database of 980 US hospital EDs in 29 states. Prevalence, mortality rate, length of stay, hospital charges, and endemicity were measured. Results A total of 474513 patients with CDI-related ED visits were identified. From 2006 to 2010, the prevalence of CDI increased from 26.2 to 33.1 per 100000 population ( P P P P = .46), 1.8% from 2008 to 2009 ( P = .73), and 0.13% from 2009 to 2010 ( P = .95). Emergency department visits occurred more frequently with individuals 85 years or older (relative risk [RR], 13.74; P P P P = .01). Conclusions The prevalence of CDI presenting to EDs increased each year from 2006 to 2010; however, the rate of increase slowed from each year to the next. The mortality rate increased from 2006 to 2009 and decreased significantly from 2009 to 2010. C difficile infection visits presenting to EDs occurred more frequently with older individuals, females, and in the northeast.
Ideology as resistance: A supervisory challenge

A number of contemporary psychiatric schools of thought, in addition to enriching the field, may be employed by the psychiatric trainee in the service of resistances to learning and growth. These phenomeana are surveyed and the implications for supervision discussed.
Black-white differences in postprandial triglyceride response and postheparin lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase among young men.

Black-white differences in serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations are known. However, the metabolic basis for these differences is not clear. This study determined the magnitude of postprandial triglyceride concentrations, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activities in postheparin plasma, and serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in healthy young adult black men (n = 22) and white men (n = 28). Postprandial triglyceride concentrations were measured at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hours after a standardized test meal. Serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were similar between the races in this study sample. However, incremental (above basal) increases in triglycerides were significantly greater in white men versus black men at 2 hours (P = .01) and tended to be greater at 3 hours (P = .12) and 4 hours (P = .06) after the fat load. In a multivariate analysis that included age, race, apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype, fasting triglycerides, obesity measures, alcohol intake, and cigarette use, fasting triglycerides (P = .04) and, to a lesser extent, race (P = .07) were associated independently with the 2-hour incremental increase in triglycerides. The incremental triglyceride response correlated inversely with HDL cholesterol in both whites (r = -.38, P = .04) and blacks (r = -.59, P = .004). Lipoprotein lipase activity was higher (P = .049) and hepatic triglyceride lipase activity lower (P = .0001) in black men compared with white men; racial differences persisted after adjusting for the covariates. While lipoprotein lipase activity tended to associate inversely with the postprandial triglyceride concentration in both races, hepatic triglyceride lipase activity tended to correlate positively in whites and inversely in blacks. These results suggest that compared with whites, blacks may have an efficient lipid-clearing mechanism that could explain the black-white differences in lipoproteins found in the population at large.
A molecular theory of inhomogeneous broadening, including the correlation between different transitions, in liquids and glasses

We present a molecular theory of the energy distributions for the internal quantum states of a solute in a liquid or glassy solvent. We show that the energy distributions for different states are correlated in a way that depends on the solute-solvent interactions. We show how the theory can be modified easily to describe the transition-energy distributions for different pairs of states, which are of course related to inhomogeneously broadened absorption spectra. We also show that the distributions for different transitions are correlated, and describe how this correlation is measured by nonresonant fluorescence- and phosphorescence-line-narrowing and hole-burning experiments. The theory provides a microscopic framework within which to interpret different phenomenological models. For the case of a Lennard-Jones solute in a Lennard-Jones liquid solvent, we compare our theory to Monte Carlo simulation.
Laughter as the Ultimate Epistemological Vehicle in the Hands of Till Eulenspiegel

One of the most fundamental experiences in human life is laughter, which carries numerous functions. Through a critical reading of a selection of tales about Till Eulenspiegel in this sixteenth-century chapbook, we can detect an epistemological function of laughter through which representatives of virtually every social class becomes the object of laughter insofar as they all reveal shortcomings and vices. But the laughter triggered by Eulenspiegel does not destroy or hurt badly; instead it invites the entire audience to join and to look into the mirror, which is, of course, also part of the protagonist’s name. Contrary to many other interpretations, this reading then suggests that the author (Hermen Bote?) pursued a similarly sarcastic-humorous attitude about the conditions of his time as many contemporaries (Brant, Montanus, Kirchhof, Lindener, etc.) and suggested to his listeners/readers to laugh with him as the best strategy to deconstruct the mask of illusion and thus to establish a basis for critical reflections about themselves and their society.
The emergence and evolution of mammalian neocortex

Cortical variation in mammals and other terrestrial vertebrates, re-examined by current comparative methodology (out-group analysis), indicates that separate lateral (olfactory), dorsal and medial (hippocampal) pallial or cortical formations arose with the origin of vertebrates. Although the exact origin of mammalian isocortex (so-called neocortex) is still disputed, it appears that the earliest mammals already had a six-layered isocortex with ten to 20 functional subdivisions. Among placental mammals, at least, isocortex has expanded numerous times, producing additional cortical subdivisions. Because these expansions were independent transformations of a simpler cortex, they produced subdivisions that are not homologous.
The relationship of Laing's concept of ontological insecurity to extraversion and neuroticism

Abstract Four components were extracted from Laing's concept of ontological insecurity and operationally measured. The desire to be noticed was found to be correlated with extraversion while doubts in one's existence was related to neuroticism. The desire to be remembered after death and the rootedness of the mind in the body were not related to extraversion or neuroticism scores.
Preliminary Studies of the Internal Structures of Braula Coeca Nitzsch.

The first mention of this insect was made in 1740 by Reamur (9), who discussed its relation to the honeybee. Nitzsch (1818) described the genus and species, naming the insect Braula coeca; and classified it, on account of its mouth parts, with the Diptera, associating it with the Pupipara. Errors in Nitzsch's description of antennae and thorax were corrected by Egger (4), thus removing any doubt as to the alliance of Braula with the Diptera. Since Braula did not fit into any insect classification then in use, Egger proposed the special family, Braulidae. According to Muggenberg (7), the structure of the head vesicle shows a close relationship between Braula and the Hippoboscidae. Taxonomically, Handlirsch (5) removed the Braula from the Pupipara and placed it in a separate family next to the Phoridae. It was formerly generally helieved that Braula coeca was pupiparous but, according to Muggenberg (7), Skaife (10), Arnhart (2) and Argo (1), it is oviparous. Skaife and Argo described fairly completely the life cycle of the insect, while Arnhart found the mines and dried out larval skins under honey cappings. Perez (Phillips 8) found that Braula was not a true parasite, as believed by the older workers, but that it was a sort of commensal parasite feeding on the nectar which it steals from the honeybee. Muggenberg (7) described the mouth parts and discovered the eyes of the supposedly blind insect in 1892. Borner (3) gives a detailed account of the external morphological structures. Skaife (10), through microdissection studies, described in a general way the alimentary canal and the male and female reproductive organs. He also worked out the metamorphosis of this insect.
Biventricular repair for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum associated with sinusoidal communications

Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) is very difficult to treat due to the variety of right ventricular hypoplasia and coronary artery anomalies. Biventricular repair is viewed as possible in patients with mild right ventricular hypoplasia but not in those with severe right ventricular hypoplasia or with sinusoidal communication. We report a case of a 17-day-old boy with PA-IVS and severe right ventricular hypoplasia and large sinusoidal communications. We successfully conducted biventricular repair, ligated coronary artery and right ventricular fistulas, and implemented right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. He now enjoys good health and attends elementary school. Sinusoidal communications are not always a limiting factor in biventricular repair for PA-IVS if the right ventricle can be decompressed without inviting ventricular dysfunction by ligating fistulas.
Disruption of red turpentine beetle attraction to baited traps by the addition of California fivespined ips pheromone components

Le dendroctone rouge de l'epinette, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), est une espece commune de scolyte repandue dans presque toute l'Amerique du Nord. En Californie, D. valens et le scolyte a cinq epines de Californie, Ips paraconfusus Lanier (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), sont sympatriques et colonisent souvent le meme arbre. Dans une etude differente, nous avons observe que les densites d'attaque d'I. paraconfusus dans les debris de coupe sont inversement reliees aux attaques de D. valens sur les souches recemment coupees. Dans la presente etude, nous eprouvons l'hypothese selon laquelle il existe une inhibition de repulsion entre ces deux especes. Les composantes de la pheromone de rassemblement d'I. paraconfusus (l'ipsenol racemique, l'(+)-ipsdienol, le (-)-cis-verbenol) inhibent la reaction de D. valens a des pieges munis de substances attractives. La substitution de l'ipsdienol racemique a l'(+)-ipsdienol ne modifie pas cet effet. Un taux de liberation deux fois plus eleve n'augmente pas l'inhibition. L'ipsdienol racemique n'attire pas I. paraconfusus. Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim, 1843) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), un predateur commun des scolytes, est attire par la pheromone de rassemblement d'I. paraconfusus. Ces resultats peuvent avoir d'importantes consequences sur la mise au point d'un outil de gestion efficace de D. valens, base sur les composes semiochimiques.
Special Features of Asthma in Children

Asthma in children has many special features which deserve consideration. This disease is probably underdiagnosed and is often undertreated. Vague, persistent respiratory symptoms, especially chronic cough, may often be due to asthma. Chronic bronchitis is extremely rare in the pediatric patient and is a manifestation of reactive airway disease or cystic fibrosis. The absolute severity, the extent of the disease, responses to treatment, and long-term course should be evaluated by repeated pulmonary function tests. Fortunately, asthma responds well to pharmacologic and supportive therapy, and it is important to approach its management as that of a chronic rather than episodic illness. Therapy should include comprehensive, closely supervised drug therapy, health education, and a program of self-management. Asthma usually starts before youngsters enter school, and the majority get better as they get older. Nevertheless, many children with moderate or severe asthma will continue to be troubled by intermittent or chronic airway obstruction into adulthood, and they require long-term, anticipatory treatment programs. Comprehensive care will optimize the quality of life for the affected children and their families, and it will minimize the discomfort and restrictions to which some of them have been subjected unnecessarily. Asthma in childhood, especially when not well controlled, may constitute a risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adulthood; however, this is as yet only suspected and not proved.
Surgical professor for three eventful decades.

MY CLASS entered surgery as interns 51 years ago. The lives of our generation seem to have been more part of an era than of surgery alone. We witnessed the depression, world war, and then two "explosions," one that ushered in the atomic age and another, more gradual, that greatly expanded the scope and power of the biosciences in medicine and particularly in surgery. These two explosions in knowledge were to become very much part of my own life, both because of my early work with radioactive and stable isotopes, a direct outgrowth of nuclear research, and because of the advent of modern metabolic care, tissue transplantation, cardiac surgery, and safe convalescence throughout a hugely broadened surgical capability. These medical advances, in which many surgery departments played a role, including my own at Harvard Medical School, have shaped surgical practice during the last half of this century. When I entered
Data envelopment analysis: a new tool for improving managerial efficiency

Abstract Two new applications of the recently developed tool of ‘data envelopment analysis’ are focused on here. One develops the concept of systematic efficiency, and the other the concept of dynamic efficiency. An empirical application shows the tremendous usefulness of this new managerial technique for measuring and improving industrial productivity
Color improves object recognition in normal and low vision

Does color improve object recognition? If so, is the improvement greater for images with low spatial resolution in which there is less shape information? Do people with low visual acuity benefit more from color? Three experiments measured reaction time (RT) and accuracy for naming food objects displayed in 4 types of images: gray scale or color, and high or low spatial resolution (produced by blur). Normally sighted Ss had faster RTs with color, but the improvement was not significantly greater for images with low spatial resolution. Low vision subjects were also faster with color, but the difference did not depend significantly on acuity. In 2 additional experiments, it was found that the faster RTs for color stimuli were related to objects' prototypicality but not to their color diagnosticity. It was concluded that color does improve object recognition, and the mechanism is probably sensory rather than cognitive in origin.
Gifted Girls' Passion for Fiction: The Quest for Meaning, Growth, and Self-Actualization.

To illuminate the nature of the relationship that very able girls have with fiction, this is an interpretive account of the meanings that reading fiction holds for verbally gifted preadolescent girls. Ethnographic field methods were used to uncover the essences of the reading experience in the contexts of their daily lives. Data sources included the researcher's field notes, the girls' taped book discussions, parent interviews, and the girls' reading journals. Major findings were that the girls read and make meaning in and around three interconnected areas of intelligence and intensity: intellectual, imaginational, and emotional. As they read fiction, the girls engage in a process of determined growth in each of these domains of human awareness. The girls challenge themselves with difficult literature, critical and empathic thinking, and problem finding. As the girls read and make meaning, they are involved in constructing their lives' purpose. They are youthful self-actualizers. Putting the Research to Use Educators should understand the powerful place that fiction holds in the lives of young gifted readers. The verbally gifted learners of this report were passionate about fiction. The girls used fiction as they constructed meaning in and around three domains of human awareness: intellectual, imaginational, and emotional. They read with an intensity that led them to choose challenging fiction to gather knowledge and explore issues, create vivid images, and make connections with characters and authors. The girls experienced flow while reading, which led to an inclination as well as a determination to read. Time spent in solitude reading fiction helped the girls overcome adversity, allowed them to resist enculturation, and caused them to question the split between the way things are and they way things should be. The girls used fiction to self-educate as they began to realize their lives' purpose.
Forward markets and the multiproduct, multifactor firm under price uncertainty

Abstract In this paper a competitive firm producing multiple outputs with multiple inputs is examined. All input and output prices are uncertain, and forward markets exist for all prices. The firm's optimal production and forward market strategies are analyzed.
Aligning one-dimensional DNA duplexes into two-dimensional crystals.

This paper develops a novel strategy for DNA self-assembly. Multiple copies of one single component DNA strand can self-assemble into continuous DNA duplexes with single-stranded side chains along the duplexes. Association among the side chains aligns the duplexes into DNA 2D crystals.
Enzymatic reduction of niridazole by rat liver microsomes

Abstract Investigations were carried out with liver microsomes to identify the metabolites and to characterize the enzyme responsible for the reduction of niridazole (NDZ) [1-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)-2-imidazolidinone]. Data obtained from gas chromatography—mass spectrometry indicated that a major microsomal metabolite of NDZ was the hydroxylamine derivative (hydroxyaminothiamidazol). The metabolite was shown to be extremely susceptible to the presence of oxygen and readily reconverted to NDZ by exposure to air. The following evidence suggests that the conversion of NDZ to hydroxyaminothiamidazol by liver microsomes is mediated by NADPH-cytochrome c reductase: (1) the microsomal nitroreductase was not blocked by carbon monoxide and not associated with the cytochrome P-450; (2) the rate of nitroreduction was proportional to the increase in the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in liver microsomes from animals pretreated with phenobarbital; (3) both of these reductase activities remained unaffected by prior treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene; (4) the nitroreductase was solubilzed by treatment of liver microsomes with steapsin; and (5) similar increases in the activities of NDZ reductase, neotetrazolium diaphorase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were noted after partial purification by fractionation with ammonium sulfate.
EFFECTS OF GERMINATION ON COTTONSEED PROTEIN

Mechanically dehulled glandless cottonseeds were germinated for up to 5 days in moist paper towels in a seed germinator. Samples were lyophilized and subjected to proximate analyses. The dry matter content decreases with germination time, while seed moisture increases from 6% to 65%. There is a threefold increase in free fatty acids. Gel electrophoresis of the germinated seed protein on acrylamide revealed five major banding areas. The clearly defined bands on day 0 become very diffuse by day 5. On day 2, a new brand appears and remains through day 5. Amino acid analyses of the germinated seeds reveal a substantial increase in ammonia and aspartate while arginine and glutamate decrease with germination time. Protein solubility data indicated that while TCA soluble protein increases with germination time, nonprotein nitrogen remains constant. Ultracentrifuge data revealed no apparent difference in relative concentration of the 2S, 7S or 12S peaks at different germination times.
Building tolerance by dismantling synapses: inhibitory receptor signaling in natural killer cells.

Summary Cell surface receptors bearing immunotyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) maintain natural killer (NK) cell tolerance to normal host tissues. These receptors are difficult to analyze mechanistically because they block activating responses in a rapid and comprehensive manner. The advent of high-resolution single cell imaging techniques has enabled investigators to explore the cell biological basis of the inhibitory response. Recent studies using these approaches indicate that ITIM-containing receptors function at least in part by structurally undermining the immunological synapse between the NK cell and its target. In this review, we discuss these new advances and how they might relate to what is known about the biochemistry of inhibitory signaling in NK cells and other cell types.
Assessing the relationship between seagrass health and habitat quality with wasting disease prevalence in the Florida Keys

Marine pathogens of the genus Labyrinthula have been identified as the cause of wasting disease in seagrass systems in both temperate and subtropical regions. An understanding of the association between environmental factors and the prevalence of wasting disease in seagrass meadows is important for elucidating plant–pathogen interactions in coastal environments. We conducted a survey of 7 turtle grass-dominated beds within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary to assess the relationship between environmental and biological parameters on seagrass health. All sites contained Labyrinthula spp.; the most pathogenic strain was obtained from an anthropogenically impacted site. Leaf and total biomass, in addition to root/rhizome carbon content, canopy light and % light transmitted, all displayed strong negative correlations with a wasting index (WI). It was noted that many of the same environmental measurements that showed negative correlations with WI also displayed strong positive correlations with canopy light levels. These data suggest that light availability may be an important factor that has previously been understated in the seagrass disease literature yet warrants more attention with respect to turtle grass susceptibility to infection. Studies such as this are important because they identify gaps in our understanding of plant–pathogen interactions in subtropical marine ecosystems. Furthermore, the relationships identified in this study may offer insight into which factors are most useful in identifying “at-risk” meadows prior to the onset of larger scale die-off events.
Black Carbon in Deep-Sea Sediments

Black carbon (BC) enters the ocean through aerosol and river deposition. BC makes up 12 to 31 percent of the sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) at two deep ocean sites, and it is 2400 to 13,900 carbon-14 years older than non-BC SOC deposited concurrently. BC is likely older because it is stored in an intermediate reservoir before sedimentary deposition. Possible intermediate pools are oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and terrestrial soils. If DOC is the intermediate reservoir, then BC is 4 to 22 percent of the DOC pool. If soils are the intermediate reservoir, then the importance of riverine carbon in the ocean carbon cycle has been underestimated.
The influence of microstructure on low temperature creep of ti-5 al-2.5 sn

Creep tests were performed on normal grade Ti-5 Al-2.5 Sn at 194, 299, 339, and 422 K. Three processing histories were studied: bar stock and forgings made in theα andβ ranges. Creep stresses ranged from 40 to 90 pct of the 299 K tensile yield stress, σy. Not all combinations of stress and temperature gave reliable creep data. At 60 and 80 pct σy, the forged materials were more creep resistant than the bar stock, while at 90 pct σy all three materials were alike. The apparent activation energy for creep, about 37 kJ/mol, was about one-fourth the energy for selfdiffusion. Activation areas were about 10⇃2; thus the rate-controlling process at the stresses used was probably the overcoming of interstitial obstacles. Observations on thin foils showed that the bar stock and α-forged material had equiaxed grain structures, while theβ-forged material consisted of massive martensite(α’) plates. Films of retainedβ appeared to be present in manyα’ boundaries; this restricted slip to individualα’ plates. A microstructural rationale was constructed, suggesting that each material contained dislocation sources which differed in ease of operation. Theβ-forged material was fitted into this rationale by the observation that dislocations inα’ boundaries could apparently act as sources. It was concluded that the observed transient creep had arisen from exhaustion of the easiest sources at each stress level.
Approaches to familial aggregation: hypothesis testing and estimation when families are selected through parent probands under a variant of single ascertainment.

Epidemiologic approaches to testing and estimating familial aggregation of a disease consist of comparing rates of disease in relatives of individuals with the disease (known as case probands) with ra