cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transport Through the Secretory Pathway of VSVG Tagged With Green Fluorescent Protein: Role of Tubulovesicular Carriers and Microtubules

The ts045 mutant of VSV G protein has been used in numerous studies to identify biochemical and morphological properties of membrane transport, due to its reversible misfolding and retention in the ER at 40°C and ability to traffic out of the ER and into the Golgi complex upon temperature reduction to 32oC. The dynamic properties of membrane transport intermediates of the secretory pathway, including their lifetime and fate within cells, have not until now been explored due to the inability to follow transport in single living cells. Here, we attached green fluorescent protein to the cytoplasmic tail of VSV G protein in order to visualize ER-to-Golgi and Golgi-to-plasma membrane transport in living cells. VSVG-GFP expressed in Cos cells accumulated in the ER at 40°C and translocated to the Golgi complex when shifted to 32oC. Translocation of the protein was followed using time-lapse imaging of live cells on a confocal microscope. VSVG-GFP accumulated in tubulovesicular structures scattered throughout the cell upon shift from 40°C to 15°C for three hours.
NTFPs from trees: common persimmon

The common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana L.) is a slow-growing, medium-sized tree. It can grow under a variety of conditions and is often found in abandoned fields and denuded cropland with poor soils. The native range extends from Connecticut to southern Florida, and west into Kansas and Oklahoma (shown in green on the map below). The species is most abundant in the rich bottomlands of the Mississippi River and associated tributaries
Groups, nonadditive entropy and phase transitions

We investigate the possibility of discrete groups furnishing a kinematic framework for systems whose thermodynamic behavior may be given by nonadditive entropies. Relying on the well-known result of the growth rate of balls of nilpotent groups, we see that maintaining extensivity of the entropy of a nilpotent group requires using a non-Boltzmann/Gibbs/Shannon (BGS) entropic form. We use the Tsallis entropy as an indicative alternative. Using basic results from hyperbolic and random groups, we investigate the genericity and possible range of applicability of the BGS entropy in this context. We propose a sufficient condition for phase transitions, in the context of (multi-) parameter families of nonadditive entropies.
The effects of white noise on sleep and duration in individuals living in a high noise environment in New York City.

Abstract Introduction Undisturbed sleep has been shown to be important for both health and quality of life (Medic et al. [ 7 ]). The World Health Organization estimates that nearly 25% of the population suffers from disturbed sleep due to environmental noise (Health TWECfEa, [ 2 ]). Sleep disturbance associated with elevated noise levels is particularly prevalent in metropolitan areas. Our study tested the hypothesis that white noise would improve sleep in New Yorkers complaining of sleep difficulty due to elevated sound levels. Methods Ten adult participants were included in this study. All participants were recruited from a New York City based sleep clinic. Inclusion criteria was based on the presence of sleep disturbance and the reporting of high levels of environmental noise in participants' sleep location. The study was conducted using a within-subject, ABA design, with baseline, treatment phase, followed by another baseline (washout) period. Each phase lasted one-week, during which noise level and sleep were assessed. The treatment consisted of the application of a white noise device (Dohm Classic by Marpac, LLC) in the participants’ bedroom. Sleep parameters were measured subjectively using the Consensus Sleep Diary (Carney et al. [ 15 ]), and objectively using a Motionlogger Actigraph. Results Paired sample t-tests were conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that white noise improves sleep in a high noise environment. Significance was found on the variables WASO, as measured by actigraphy, t(9) = 3.438, p = 0.007 and sleep latency as measured by sleep diary, t(9) = 2.947, p = 0.016. There was a trend toward significance on the number of awakenings during the night, as measured by sleep diary, t(9) = 2.622, p = 0.028 (Holm's sequential correction of p-value required a value of Conclusion Our data show that white noise significantly improved sleep based on subjective and objective measurements in subjects complaining of difficulty sleeping due to high levels of environmental noise. This suggests that the application of white noise may be an effective tool in helping to improve sleep in those settings.
Plastic Stability Theory of Thin Shells

Ai = plasticity coefficients B = axial rigidity, B = Est/(1 v ) D = bending rigidity, D = Est /12(1 v), also diameter ei = strain intensity E = modulus of elasticity E„ = secant modulus Et = tangent modulus k = buckling coefficient, k = <rtL/irD L — length of cylinder m — number of longitudinal half wave lengths M = bending moment per unit width n = number of circumferential wave lengths N = loading per unit width p = external pressure R = radius t — thickness u, v, w = displacements x, y, z = coordinates Z = cylinder curvature parameter, Z = (L/Rt) (1 -vY = (3/o-t) (1 Et/Es) (3 = wave-length parameter 7 = shear strain e = axial strain 7] = plasticity reduction factor v = Poisson's ratio ve = elastic value of Poisson's ratio, ve — 0.3 a = axial stress ai = stress intensity r = shear stress curvature differential operator V4 = (d/dx + b/dy)
Reversible nerve conduction block in patients with polyneuropathy after ultrasound thermotherapy at therapeutic dosage.

Abstract This study investigated the effect of ultrasound on nerve conduction in patients with polyneuropathy. Eight able-bodied controls (Group C) and 16 patients with clinical and physiologic evidence of polyneuropathy were tested. Eight patients (Group NP) had no aching pain symptoms; eight patients (Group P) had severe aching pain, burning sensation, unpleasant tingling, and/or hyperesthesia in the lower extremities. For two minutes, therapeutic ultrasound in doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5W/cm2 were applied over the anterior surface of the leg along the pathway of the deep peroneal nerve. Peroneal nerve conduction studies were performed before, during, and after ultrasound treatment. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was recorded from the extensor digitorum brevis muscle. Nerve conduction studies on all eight patients in Group P revealed a significant decrease (41.4% and 44% reduced for doses of 1.0W/cm2 and 1.5W/cm2, respectively; p 0.1). Changes returned to pretreatment values within five minutes of cessation of ultrasound therapy. In Groups C and NP, there were no significant changes in amplitudes of CMAP or proximal latency before, during, or after ultrasound therapy at a dose of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5W/cm2. It was concluded that ultrasonic therapy with therapeutic dosage may cause a reversible conduction block on patients with painful polyneuropathy.
MAXIMIZING DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN WIRELESS NETWORKS

We consider a wireless network with fading and a single source-destination pair. The information reaches the destination through a sequence of layers of relays. A nonseparation based strategy is proposed which achieves a rate equal to the capacity of a point-to-point multiantenna system [1, 2], in the high SNR limit. Our result can also be thought of as an extension of [1, 2] for wireless networks. Later we derive formulas for the tradeoffs between network size, rate, and diversity.
Toward a framework for learner segmentation

1. INTRODUCTION The educational landscape of the future includes an array of online experiences for learners , ranging from those coupled to formal course work (e.g. , course management sys tem s like Blackboard or Moodle ) to more informal learning resources (e.g., MOOCS or the Khan Academy), which provide free, high quality instructional materials for students to use in augmenting their other educational experiences. The online format provides a wide variety of mechanisms both by which instructional content can be presented (e.g., video, text, images, etc.) and through which learners can interact according to their particular learning styles and objectives [Narciss et al. 2007]. It also makes the educational resources scalable and helps to overcome geographic, temporal, and financial boundaries, representing and reflecting the importance of the successful use of technology for instructing the current and future generations [ Hines et al. 2009] .
Remote Steering of Self‐Propelling Microcircuits by Modulated Electric Field

The principles and design of “active” self-propelling particles that can convert energy, move directionally on their own, and perform a certain function is an emerging multidisciplinary research field, with high potential for future technologies. A simple and effective technique is presented for on-demand steering of self-propelling microdiodes that move electroosmotically on water surface, while supplied with energy by an external alternating (AC) field. It is demonstrated how one can control remotely the direction of diode locomotion by electronically modifying the applied AC signal. The swimming diodes change their direction of motion when a wave asymmetry (equivalent to a DC offset) is introduced into the signal. The data analysis shows that the ability to control and reverse the direction of motion is a result of the electrostatic torque between the asymmetrically polarized diodes and the ionic charges redistributed in the vessel. This novel principle of electrical signal-coded steering of active functional devices, such as diodes and microcircuits, can find applications in motile sensors, MEMs, and microrobotics.
On the azimuthal location of auroral breakup: Hemispheric asymmetry

[1] We study the effects of the azimuthal component of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the Earth's dipole tilt angle (larger DTA means northern winter) on the magnetic local time of auroral breakup using 2539 previously published events. It is found that in the Northern Hemisphere the location of auroral breakup occur the earliest for the IMF By+/DTA+ paring and the latest for the IMF By−/DTA− pairing. The ordering is opposite in the Southern Hemisphere for the same conditions. A similar result is obtained if the DTA is replaced by the solar zenith angle. We did not find a strong IMF clock angle effect on the north–south azimuthal onset displacement as reported previously. We interpret the observed hemispheric asymmetry as a result of an additional By field in the plasma sheet associated with IMF By and dipole tilt and/or a day-night gradient in ionospheric conductivity, skewing of the tail field azimuthally.
Ephemeral Events: English Broadsides of Early Eighteenth-century Solar Eclipses

Les phenomenes astronomiques inhabituels tels que les eclipses et les cometes ainsi que leur interpretation ont ete pendant longtemps associes a la science de l'astrologie qui eut un impact important dans la culture scientifique anglaise
Cathodoluminescence record of K-metasomatism in ash-flow tuffs: Grain-scale mechanisms and large-scale geochemical implications

Near-surface, low-temperature, K-metasomatism of rhyolitic to dacitic ash-flow tuffs is a volumetrically and petrologically significant feature of the western United States and may be a primary alteration path in arid lands. Cathodoluminescence (CL) petrography of K-metasomatized ash-flow tuffs quickly yields information about the mineralogical changes and reaction mechanisms that take place during alteration for large sample suites and links these properties to geochemical changes. Tertiary volcanic rocks from Creede (Colorado), Socorro (New Mexico), and the Harcuvar Mountains (Arizona), were altered in different geologic settings, yet have very similar CL textures and chemistry. Original igneous feldspars were replaced by adularia primarily by dissolution and crystallization that occurred preferentially along preexisting fractures, surfaces, compositional zoning features, and cleavages. Fluid flow was primarily along grain boundaries, but was in some cases inhomogeneous at the thin-section scale.
Sociocultural and legal implications of creating and sustaining life through biomedical technology

(1996). Sociocultural and legal implications of creating and sustaining life through biomedical technology. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 469-525.
Physiologic evidence concerning the re-entry hypothesis for ectopic beats.

Abstract These experiments were designed to test the re-entry hypothesis as a mechanism for the formation of extrasystoles. Studies were performed on 10 dogs with the heart exposed. Pacing wires were attached to the right atrium and connected to a set of pulse generators. The heart was paced at a basic frequency, and a premature atrial stimulus was delivered after each sixth basic beat. A small silver coil was used to vary the temperature of a focal area of left ventricle, and a multipolar electrode was advanced through the coil and used to record local depolarization. When ice water was perfused through the coil, temperatures in the outer portion of the ventricular wall were reduced. Cooling lengthened the effective refractory period under the coil and produced a marked increase in the temporal dispersion of recovery between endocardium and epicardium. When sufficiently premature stimuli were applied to the atrium, the ventricular response reached the endocardium normally, but encountered refractory muscle under the coil on transit to the epicardium. At the junction between warm and cold muscle, propagation of the early response was markedly delayed and finally blocked near the epicardium. When the local delay was sufficiently great, nonstimulated ventricular extrasystoles appeared which were coupled to the preceding beat. The nonstimulated extrasystoles orginated from the region of the coil and were initiated by activity which was directed from epicardium to endocardium. On several occasions, a nonstimulated beat was followed by multiple ventricular extrasystoles and by ventricular fibrillation. These observations indicate that cooling of a discrete area of the left ventricle created the necessary conditions for re-entry, and that extrasystoles resulting from re-entry were produced. These data also emphasize the potentially arrhythmic consequences of any influence which enhances nonuniform recovery in the heart, and suggest that the junction between areas of different refractory periods within the ventricle can demonstrate behavior similar to that of the normal A-V node.
Cyberethics biliography 2001: a select list of recent works

Included in the 2001 annual bibliography update is a select list of recent books and articles, each with a publisher's date of either 2000 or 2001. For an annotated list of selected books and articles published between 1998 and 2000, see the June 1999 and June 2000 issues of Computers and Society; and for a comprehensive list of books and articles published before 1997, see my Computing, ethics, and social responsiblity: a bibliography (available at http://cyberethics.cbi.msstate.edu/biblio).
Precision Study for Dynamic Modulus Testing of Asphalt Concrete Using Independent Assurance Testing

AbstractIn this study, a precision study for dynamic modulus (E*) testing is performed through independent assurance (IA) testing. The University of New Mexico (UNM) and AMEC Environment and Infrastructure, Inc. (AMEC) laboratories participated in this study. The precision and accuracy of the E* data are evaluated using E*-trend plots, coefficient of variation (COV), within-laboratory consistency (k-statistic) plots, between-laboratory consistency (h-statistic) plots, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and repeatability and reproducibility studies. The E*-trend and mastercurve plots showed overlapping E* data at each temperature and loading frequency, suggesting no significant difference between the samples tested. Average COV values for UNM and AMEC laboratories were found to be 10 and 14%, respectively, which are acceptable for properly conducted testing. Average k-statistic values of −0.3 and 0.3 and average h-statistic values of 0.8 and 1.0 were found for UNM and AMEC laboratories, respectively, wh...
In Situ Burning Restores the Ecological Function and Structure of an Oil-Impacted Coastal Marsh

As the use of in situ burning for oil spill remediation in coastal wetlands accelerates, the capacity of this procedure to restore the ecological structure and function of oil-impacted wetlands becomes increasingly important. Thus, our research focused on evaluating the functional and structural recovery of a coastal marsh in South Louisiana to an in situ burn following a Hurricane Katrina-induced oil spill. Permanent sampling plots were set up to monitor marsh recovery in the oiled and burned areas as well as non-oiled and non-burned (reference) marshes. Plots were monitored for species composition, stem density, above- and belowground productivity, marsh resiliency, soil chemistry, soil residual oil, and organic matter decomposition. The burn removed the majority of the oil from the marsh, and structurally the marsh recovered rapidly. Plant biomass and species composition returned to control levels within 9 months; however, species richness remained somewhat lower in the oiled and burned areas compared to the reference areas. Recovery of ecological function was also rapid following the in situ burn. Aboveground and belowground plant productivity recovered within one growing season, and although decomposition rates were initially higher in the oiled areas, over time they became equivalent to those in reference sites. Also, marsh resiliency, i.e., the rate of recovery from our applied disturbances, was not affected by the in situ burn. We conclude that in situ burning is an effective way to remove oil and allow ecosystem recovery in coastal marshes.
Effect of interfacial chemical bonding on the strength of adhesion of glass–polybutadiene joints

A new example of a positive effect of interfacial chemical bonding on the strength of adhesive bonds is reported. The chemical bond was formed between a p-bromomethylphenylpolysiloxane-coated glass slide and a liquid dicarboxy-terminated polybutadiene that was subsequently bonded to an elastomeric polybutadiene by crosslinking with dicumylperoxide. Peel tests at 180° led to cohesive failure in the elastomer layer for two different proportions of p-bromomethylphenyl groups on the glass slides, whereas uncoated slides and slides coated with an inert polysiloxane layer, p-tolyl-polysiloxane, showed interfacial failure. Further confirmation of interfacial bonding was obtained from SEM studies. When peel tests resulted in cohesive failure, it was found possible to distinguish between different degrees of interfacial by the different times required for failure at the interface on swelling the elastomer layer with pentane.
A new technique for curvilinear scalp reduction.

. A technique of alopecia reduction utilizing a curvilinear ellipse employing a sequential excision and suture technique is described. Advantages of the technique over previously described procedures are presented. Measurements of individual scalp elasticity and alternating suture tension vectors help to produce an excellent cosmetic result with minimal complications.
Amyloidosis presenting as a colonic mass. A case report

Amyloidosis refers to a group of disorders characterized by accumulation of amyloid, a fibrillary protein, in various organs. However, amyloidosis presenting as a colonic mass or “amyloidoma” without evidence of systemic disease is uncommon, and its clinical presentation can mimic those of a colonic neoplasm. We present a rare case of an old lady with rectal bleeding that turned to be caused by an amyloidoma.
Modified Zone-plate Interferometer for Testing Aspheric Surfaces

A new type of common path interferometer using a modified zone-plate developed for testing aspheric surfaces is described. The modified zone-plate is made by combining two kinds of zone-plates; the semicricular part of the plate produces the spherical wave, and the remainder the desired aspheric wave. These are synthesized by digital computation. A method of computation for synthesizing the modified zone-plate and some experimental results of the test of parabolic mirrors are given.
Deviant Lifestyles: The Social Control of Daily Routines

Bond theory is one of the most influential theories in criminology. Many researchers, however, have discarded the concept of involvements. This research reconceptualizes this concept. Factor analysis recovers seven routine patterns that measure involvement. These factors are then used in a multiple regression model to predict adolescent marijuana use. The routine patterns are powerful predictors of use, even when other elements of the bond are included in the equation.
Efficacy of Ondansetron and Prochlorperazine for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Total Hip Replacement or Total Knee Replacement Procedures: A Randomized, Double-blind, Comparative Trial

Background Limited data are available on the efficacy of ondansetron hydrochloride compared with prochlorperazine maleate for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Objective To evaluate the comparative efficacy of ondansetron and prochlorperazine for the prophylaxis of PONV in patients undergoing total hip replacement or total knee replacement procedures. Methods A randomized, double-blind, comparative trial was conducted at a tertiary care, university hospital. Seventy-eight patients undergoing elective total hip or total knee replacement procedures received a single dose of ondansetron hydrochloride (n=37), 4 mg intravenously, or prochlorperazine maleate (n=41), 10 mg intramuscularly, at the end of the surgical procedure. Rescue therapy was administered every 4 hours as needed during the initial 48 hours. Primary outcome measures were the incidences and severity of PONV. Secondary outcome measures included the number of rescue antiemetic doses required, number of physical therapy cancellations because of PONV, length of hospital stay, and cost of antiemetic agents administered. Results The incidence of nausea was significantly greater in the ondansetron group compared with the prochlorperazine group (81% vs 56%; odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-9.4) as was the severity of nausea ( P =.04). Multivariate analysis identified administration of ondansetron, history of PONV, obesity, and female sex as risk factors for a nausea event. The incidence of vomiting tended to be greater in the ondansetron group (49% vs 32%; odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-5.0). The need for rescue antiemetic therapy was also greater in the ondansetron group (46% vs 27%; odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-6.0). The mean antiemetic drug cost per patient was significantly greater for the ondansetron group ($47.56 vs $2.47; P Conclusion Prochlorperazine is associated with superior efficacy and significant cost savings compared with ondansetron for the prevention of PONV in patients undergoing total hip and total knee replacement procedures.
N-Acylthiadiazolines, a New Class of Liver X Receptor Agonists with Selectivity for LXRβ

We have identified a novel liver X receptor (LXR) agonist (2) that activates the LXRβ subtype with selectivity over LXRα. LXRβ selectivity was confirmed using macrophages derived from LXR mutant mice. Despite its selectivity and modest potency, the compound can induce APO-AI-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages with full efficacy. Our results indicate that it is possible to achieve significant LXRβ selectivity in a small molecule while maintaining functional LXR activity.
Developing enhanced, lignocellulosic fibre reinforcement for low-cost, cementitious, construction materials

The research reported in this article is based on an NSF (National Science Foundation) project aimed at advancing the structural use of earth-based technologies through addressing durability concerns within the hot and humid context. This article focuses on one aspect of the research directed at developing an enhanced, lignocellulosic fibre-reinforced, cementitious composite. In this research, soil–cement masonry is the cementitious matrix and coconut fibre (coir) the natural fibre. In the case study context, this cementitious composite is highly susceptible to physical damage due to intense rainfall and chemical deterioration that can be linked to the hydration of cement. The use of natural fibres, such as coir, compounds this problem. For the research to adequately address durability concern problems, accurate empirical data quantifying the damage to the natural fibre-reinforced cementitious composite are required. The discussion identifies the key knowledge gaps. It also describes the methodology adopt...
Transverse tensile characteristics of fiber composites with flexible resins: Theory and test results

A theoretical and experimental investigation has been conducted of the transverse tensile properties of flexible-resin/glass-fiber composite lamina. The objective is to increase the elongation at failure of a lamina in a state of transverse tension so that when a lamina is used in a laminate configuration, it does not suffer premature failure (e.g., failure at a lower strain level than that for a lamina in fiber direction tension). We show that the mode of failure in the transverse tensile lamina differs greatly from that in the neat resin. The failure mode in the lamina form is found to be brittle fracture. From this, it follows that the controlling neat resin property is the low elongation modulus rather than the elongation at failure. Significant improvements in the transverse tensile strain at failure were obtained for the flexible-resin/glass-fiber systems studied. 9 figures, 3 tables.
Superconvergence of elliptic reconstructions of finite element solutions of parabolic problems in domains with piecewise smooth boundaries

Abstract This paper addresses the superconvergence properties of the elliptic reconstruction of semi-discrete finite element solutions of linear parabolic problems on domains with piecewise smooth boundary. Numerical computations are presented and explained employing the optimal a priori error estimates proven in the Appendix.
ICD Implantation after Crossing a Totally Occluded Subclavian Vein Via Collaterals from the Superior Vena Cava

Placing an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is a challenge in the presence of bilateral venous obstruction of the upper extremities. We describe a case where venous access was obtained by passing a hydrophilic wire from the superior vena cava through collaterals to the infraclavicular region. (PACE 2010; 33:e14–e16)
Evaluation of increased vitamin D fortification in high-temperature, short-time-processed 2% milk, UHT-processed 2% fat chocolate milk, and low-fat strawberry yogurt

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increased vitamin D fortification (250 IU/serving) of high-temperature, short-time (HTST)-processed 2% fat milk, UHT-processed 2% fat chocolate milk, and low-fat strawberry yogurt on the sensory characteristics and stability of vitamin D during processing and storage. Three replicates of HTST pasteurized 2% fat milk, UHT pasteurized 2% fat chocolate milk, and low-fat strawberry yogurt were manufactured. Each of the 3 replicates for all products contained a control (no vitamin D fortification), a treatment group with 100 IU vitamin D/serving (current level of vitamin D fortification), and a treatment group with 250 IU vitamin D/serving. A cold-water dispersible vitamin D(3) concentrate was used for all fortifications. The HTST-processed 2% fat milk was stored for 21 d, with vitamin D analysis done before processing and on d 0, 14, and 21. Sensory analysis was conducted on d 14. The UHT-processed 2% fat chocolate milk was stored for 60 d, with vitamin D analysis done before processing and on d 0, 40, and 60. Sensory analysis was conducted on d 40. Low-fat strawberry yogurt was stored for 42 d, with vitamin D analysis done before processing, and on d 0, 28, and 42. Sensory analysis was conducted on d 28. Vitamin D levels in the fortified products were found to be similar to the target levels of fortification (100 and 250 IU vitamin D per serving) for all products, indicating no loss of vitamin D during processing. Vitamin D was also found to be stable over the shelf life of each product. Increasing the fortification of vitamin D from 100 to 250 IU/serving did not result in a change in the sensory characteristics of HTST-processed 2% fat milk, UHT-processed 2% fat chocolate milk, or low-fat strawberry yogurt. These results indicate that it is feasible to increase vitamin D fortification from 100 to 250 IU per serving in these products.
Analysis by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer of the Interaction between Ligands and Protein Kinase Cδ in the Intact Cell

The role of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases in cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other responses makes them attractive therapeutic targets. The activation of PKCs by ligands in vivo varies depending upon cell type; therefore, methods are needed to screen the potency of PKCs in this context. Here we describe a genetically encoded chimera of native PKCδ fused to yellow- and cyan-shifted green fluorescent protein, which can be expressed in mammalian cells. This chimeric protein kinase, CY-PKCδ, retains native or near-native activity in the several biological and biochemical parameters that we tested. Binding assays showed that CY-PKCδ and native human PKCδ have similar binding affinity for phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Analysis of translocation by Western blotting and confocal microscopy showed that CY-PKCδ translocates from the cytosol to the membrane upon treatment with ligand, that the translocation has similar dose dependence as that of endogenous PKCδ, and that the pattern of translocation is indistinguishable from that of the green fluorescent protein-PKCδ fusion well characterized from earlier studies. Treatment with phorbol ester of cells expressing CY-PKCδ resulted in a dose-dependent increase in FRET that could be visualized in situ by confocal microscopy or measured fluorometrically. By using this construct, we were able to measure the kinetics and potencies of 12 known PKC ligands, with respect to CY-PKCδ, in the intact cell. The CY-PKCδ chimera and the in vivo assays described here therefore show potential for high throughput screening of prospective PKCδ ligands within the context of cell type.
Acaricidal Control of Citrus Rust Mites, 2015

Russetting of citrus fruit by citrus rust mite (CRM) can cause reductions in yield and quality. The present trial was conducted at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center on 19-year-old ‘Valencia’ orange trees planted at 15 × 22 ft. spacing. An RCB design was used to assign four replications of each of seven treatments and an untreated check to 5-tree plots within rows separated by an untreated buffer row. Applications to both …
Church-based social capital, networks and geographical scale: Katrina evacuation, relocation, and recovery in a New Orleans Vietnamese American community

Abstract This research examines the role of social capital and networks to explain the evacuation, relocation, and recovery experiences of a Vietnamese American community in New Orleans, Louisiana in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. As the single largest community institution, the parish church’s complex bonding and bridging social capital and networks proved particularly critical in part because of its historically based ontological security. The process of evacuation, but especially relocation and recovery, was dependent on deploying co-ethnic social capital and networks at a variety of geographical scales. Beyond the local or community scale, extra-local, regional, and national scales of social capital and networks reproduced a spatially redefined Vietnamese American community. Part of the recovery process included constructing discursive place-based collective-action frames to successfully contest a nearby landfill that in turn engendered social capital and networks crossing ethnic boundaries to include the extra-local African American community. Engaging social capital and networks beyond the local geographical scale cultivated a Vietnamese American community with an emergent post-Katrina cultural and political identity.
Calcium and voltage dependence of single Ca2+-activated K+ channels from cultured hippocampal neurons of rat.

Abstract Calcium and voltage dependence of the Ca 2+ -activated K + channel, K(Ca), was studied at the single-channel level in cultured hippocampal neurons from rat. The K(Ca) channel has approx. 220 pS conductance in symmetrical 150 mM K + , and is gated both by voltage and by Ca 2+ ions. For a fixed Ca 2+ concentration at the inner membrane surface, [Ca] i , channel open probability, P o , increases e-fold for 14 mV positive change in membrane potential. At a fixed membrane potential (0 mV), channel activity is first observed at [Ca] i = 10 −6 M, and increases with Ca 2+ concentration approximating an adsorption isotherm with power 1.4. The [Ca] i required to half activate ( P o = 0.5) the channel is 4 · 10 −6 M. When compared to other preparations, the K(Ca) channel from hippocampal neurons reported here shows the lowest Ca 2+ sensitivity and the highest voltage sensitivity. These findings are interpreted in evolutionary terms.
CCN2, CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWTH FACTOR, STIMULATES COLLAGEN DEPOSITION BY GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS VIA MODULE 3 AND α6- AND β1 INTEGRINS

CCN2, (connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) is a matricellular factor associated with fibrosis that plays an important role in the production and maintenance of fibrotic lesions. Increased collagen deposition and accumulation is a common feature of fibrotic tissues. The mechanisms by which CCN2 /CTGF contributes to fibrosis are not well understood. Previous studies suggest that CTGF exerts some of its biological effects at least in part by integrin binding, though this mechanism has not been previously shown to contribute to fibrosis. Utilizing full length CCN2/CTGF, CCN2/CTGF fragments, and integrin neutralizing antibodies, we provide evidence that the effects of CCN2/CTGF to stimulate extracellular matrix deposition by gingival fibroblasts are mediated by the C-terminal half of CCN2/CTGF, and by α6 and β1 integrins. In addition, a synthetic peptide corresponding to a region of CCN2/CTGF domain 3 that binds α6β1 inhibits the collagen deposition assay. These studies employed a new and relatively rapid assay for CCN2/CTGF-stimulated collagen deposition based on Sirius Red staining of cell layers. Data obtained support a pathway in which CCN2/CTGF could bind to α6β1 integrin and stimulate collagen deposition. These findings provide new experimental methodologies applicable to uncovering the mechanism and signal transduction pathways of CCN2/CTGF mediated collagen deposition, and may provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies to treat gingival fibrosis and other fibrotic conditions.
On the Star Formation-AGN Connection at z 0.3

Using the spectra of a sample of {approx}28,000 nearby obscured active galaxies from Data Release 7 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we probe the connection between active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and star formation over a range of radial scales in the host galaxy. We use the extinction-corrected luminosity of the [O III] 5007 A line as a proxy of intrinsic AGN power and supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion rate. The star formation rates (SFRs) are taken from the MPA-JHU value-added catalog and are measured through the 3'' SDSS aperture. We construct matched samples of galaxies covering a range in redshifts. With increasing redshift, the projected aperture size encompasses increasing amounts of the host galaxy. This allows us to trace the radial distribution of star formation as a function of AGN luminosity. We find that the star formation becomes more centrally concentrated with increasing AGN luminosity and Eddington ratio. This implies that such circumnuclear star formation is associated with AGN activity, and that it increasingly dominates over omnipresent disk star formation at higher AGN luminosities, placing critical constraints on theoretical models that link host galaxy star formation and SMBH fueling. We parameterize this relationship and find that themore » star formation on radial scales <1.7 kpc, when including a constant disk component, has a sub-linear dependence on SMBH accretion rate: SFR{proportional_to} M-dot {sup 0.36}, suggesting that angular momentum transfer through the disk limits accretion efficiency rather than the supply from stellar mass loss.« less
Subchondral bone mineral density patterns representing the loading history of the wrist joint after lunate-capitate-triquetrum-hamate arthrodesis

This study examined patterns of bone mineral density (BMD) of the wrist by computed tomography–absorptiometry to evaluate force transmission patterns in vivo in patients with complaints of wrist instability requiring lunate-capitate-triquetrum-hamate (LCTH) arthrodesis. These patterns represent long-term force transmission through the wrist joint because BMD differs under different loading conditions. BMD studies of the wrist joint in vivo can evaluate the long-term force transmission through the joint under physiological and pathological conditions and before and after wrist surgery. The scaphoid fossa is relatively unloaded after LCTH arthrodesis, and a decrease in BMD is observed in the lunate fossa.
Distributed network localization using angle-of-arrival information Part I: Continuous-time protocol

In this paper, we propose a distributed continuous-time linear dynamics for solving the localization problem based on signal angle-of-arrival information. We first formulate the AOA localization problem within the framework of formation graph theory, which is an extension of the classical graph theory by incorporating the positional information of the vertices. Solving the AOA localization problem is equivalent to finding the solution to a system of linear equations. To avoid matrix inversion, we propose a continuous-time dynamics whose global asymptotic equilibrium is the desired localization. This dynamics turns out to have a very similar expression to that of the continuous-time consensus dynamics. The convergence and delay performance of the protocol is also studied. We finally argue that through optimizing the condition number of the stiffness matrix, the convergence and delay performance of the protocol can be simultaneously improved.
Preventing Adolescent Risk Behavior in the Rural Context: An Integrative Analysis of Adolescent, Parent, and Provider Perspectives

Adolescent risk behavior remains prevalent and contributes to numerous social problems and growing health care costs. Contrary to popular perception, adolescents in rural areas engage in risky behaviors at least as much as youth from urban or suburban settings. Little research, however, focuses on risk behavior prevention in the rural context. This study integrates adolescent, parent, and provider perspectives related to adolescent risk behavior engagement and prevention to suggest promising prevention strategies for rural families and communities.
The validity of handwriting elements in relation to self-report personality trait measures

Abstract Research on graphology has provided mixed results regarding its validity in applied settings. Increasing popularity of this method (Edwards & Armitage, 1991) calls for continued evaluation. The current study sought to validate a popular graphoanalysis method proposed by Bunker (1979), which links specific handwriting elements to personality traits. Content-neutral handwriting of 49 college students was analyzed for 30 elements (e.g. length of t-cross) by two trained coders working independently. Participants also completed the Jackson Personality Inventory—Revised (JPI-R; Jackson, 1994), which measures 15 normal personality traits. Inter-rater agreement in handwriting analysis was moderately high (median reliability = 0.80). Both predicted and non-predicted correlations between handwriting elements and JPI-R scales were significant at around chance levels (i.e. 5%). In particular, of the 119 predicted relations, only six (5.0%) were significant in the expected direction and five (4.1%) were significant in the opposite direction. All told, current findings replicate those of previous studies and suggest limited value in hand-writing analysis as a predictive tool.
The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in visualizing atherosclerotic carotid plaque vulnerability: Which injection protocol? Which scanning technique?

Abstract Purpose To correlate the degree of plaque vulnerability as determined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with histological findings. Secondary objectives were to optimize the CEUS acquisition technique and image evaluation methods. Materials and methods Fifty consecutive patients, either symptomatic and asymptomatic referring to our department in order to perform carotid endarterectomy (TEA), were enrolled. Each patient provided informed consent before undergoing CEUS. Ultrasound examination was performed using high-frequency (8–14 MHz) linear probe and a non-linear pulse inversion technique (mechanical index: 0.09–1.3). A double contrast media injection (Sonovue, 2 mL and 4 mL; Bracco, Italy) was performed. Two videotapes were recorded for every injection: early “dynamic” phase and late “flash” phase, performed with 6 high mechanical index impulses. Movies were quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation were statistically compared to immunohistological diagnosis of vulnerable plaque, considered as gold standard. Results Qualitative CEUS evaluation obtained high statistical results when compared to immunohistological results, with values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of 94%, 68%, 87%, 85% and 86%, respectively, which became higher if considering only asymptomatic patient, with a NPV of 91%. Nevertheless, quantitative software evaluation proved less effective and could not reach similar results. Conclusion Carotid plaque enhancement assessed with CEUS well correlates with histological assessment of plaque instability. CEUS may provide valuable information for plaque risk stratification and may play a role in the indication to treatment of patients with carotid stenoses, particularly in asymptomatic population.
Phylogenetic relationships among atheriniform fishes (Teleostei: Atherinomorpha)

We present evidence from adult and larval morphology for the monophyly and relationships of Atheriniformes, using other atherinomorphs, mugilids and acanthomorph fishes as outgroups. Atheriniformes is diagnosed by ten characters (larval: short preanal length, single mid-dorsal row of melanophores; adult: vomerine ventral face concave, long A1 muscle tendon to lacrimal, two anterior infraorbital bones, pelvic-rib ligament, pelvic medial plate not extended to anterior end, and second dorsal-fin spine flexible). We recognize six families within the order, the hierarchical relationships among which are: (Atherinopsidae (Notocheiridae (Melanotaeniidae (Atherionidae (Phallostethidae, Atherinidae))))). Other major conclusions include: (1) Atherinopsidae (Menidiinae, Atherinopsinae) is diagnosed by 20 characters (e.g. ethmomaxillary ligament attached to palatine dorsal process, ventral postcleithrum with two dorsal rami); (2) Melanotaeniidae (Bedotiinae (Melanotaeniinae (Telmatherinini, Pseudomugilini))) is diagnosed by six characters (e.g. absence of second dorsal-fin spine, sexual dimorphism in body colour and median-fin development, greater body depth); (3)Dentatherinais in Phallostethidae; (4) Atherinidae (Atherinomorinae (Craterocephalinae, Atherininae)) is diagnosed by three characters (lacrimal notch, ventral postcleithrum between first and second pleural ribs, pelvic ventral spine); (5) Atherinidae and Phallostethidae form the Atherinoidea clade diagnosed by seven characters (e.g. interopercle dorsal process absent, dorsal wings of urohyal absent, ventral postcleithrum laminar, pelvic medial plate extended to anterior end, presence of anal plate).Bedotia, Rheocles, and melanotaeniines are shown to be derived within atheriniforms rather than the plesiomorphic sister groups to a paraphyletic ‘atherinoid’ group. We also demonstrate that groups traditionally placed in Atherinidae (Menidiinae, Atherininae, Atherioninae, etc.) comprise a paraphyletic assemblage.
ANTIBODY |[lpar]|Ab|[rpar]| TO THE CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE |[lpar]|PRP|[rpar]| OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE B IN 2 TO 6-MO-OLD INFANTS VACCINATED WITH PRP OLIGOSACCHARIDES CONJUGATED TO THE DIPHTHERIA PROTEIN CRM197

ANTIBODY (Ab) TO THE CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE (PRP) OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE B IN 2 TO 6-MO-OLD INFANTS VACCINATED WITH PRP OLIGOSACCHARIDES CONJUGATED TO THE DIPHTHERIA PROTEIN CRM 197
Electronic Structure of Single Crystal and Amorphous Sb2, Se3

The near normal incidence reflectivity of Sb2, Se3 has been measured upon both crystalline and amorphous samples. The data were obtained for two polarizations (E ∥ a, E ∥ C) in the cleavage plane of the crystal. The data were Kramers-Kronig analyzed and the implications of the results regarding the electronic structure of the compound were interpreted in terms of a valence bonding model. In particular the valence band electrons divide into those in weakly bonding resonance states and those in covalent bonding states. Upon the amorphous to crystalline transition it is the optical transitions originating in the resonance bonds which appear to be principally influenced. Le degre de reflexion a ete mesure pour Sb2, Se3 cristallin et amorphe. Les donnees ont ete obtenus pour deux polarisations (E ∥ a, E ∥ c) dans le plan de clivage du cristal. Les donnees ont ete analyses d'apres les relations Kramers-Kronig et les implications de la composition electronique du compose ont ete interprete suivant un modele des liaisons de valence. En particulier les electrons de la band de valence sont separes en liaisons de resonance et liaisons covalente. Avec la transition de l'etat amorphe a l'etat cristallin les transitions optique tirent leur origine des liaisons de resonance qui sont principalement affectes.
Weight control as portrayed in popular magazines

Abstract In order to investigate the attitudes toward weight control expressed in popular magazines, we assigned 66 articles from 34 issues of 22 contemporary magazines to 3 nutritionists and 16 laypersons for evaluation with a specially developed instrument. Our judges viewed the articles as fairly accurate, optimistic, supportive, and sympathetic. They scored the task of maintaining ideal weight as represented as moderately difficult and requiring a largely chronic effort. The judges reported that the articles conveyed diet, will power, and behavioral modification as most important in weight control, closely followed by self-understanding. Only minor differences emerged between the ratings of professional and lay judges. Home service and fashion magazines tended to convey slightly different emphases on some concepts, but in most cases no significant differences emerged. However, wide variability even within types of magazines emphasize the need to evaluate individually the weight control articles in popular magazines.
Communication, Conflict, and Culture

This study examines the role of complex language in the evolution of communication, conflict, and culture. The main thesis is that language, conflict, and communication initially arose from pressures built in to the critical life-or-death situations our ancestors were compelled to share with one another. From such a perspective, communication is viewed as a world-analyzing, reality-testing, survival-oriented mechanism. Complex language enables humans to transform the cultural inheritance and fulfill basic ecological tasks associated with individual security and collective well-being.