cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antibodies induced by an HPV vaccine to cross-neutralize pseudovirions of vaccine-related HPV types

15008 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical cancer. The HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 quadrivalent L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine has been shown to be highly efficacious in preventing HPV vaccine type-related disease. The HPV A7 species contains types 18, 45 and 59. The A9 species include types 16, 31, 33, 35, 52 and 58. The potential of the vaccine induced antibodies to cross-neutralize infection of pseudovirions (PsV) of HPV types within the A9 and A7 species was evaluated. Methods: Sera from quadrivalent, monovalent HPV 16, or monovalent HPV 18 vaccinees were evaluated. Sera were tested in a multiplexed competitive Luminex Immunoassay (cLIA) against vaccine types to demonstrate HPV type-specific seroconversion. A9 and A7 VLP type cross-reactive binding ability was assessed by a total IgG LIA. HPV L1 and L2 PsV containing secreted alkaline-phosphatase (SEAP) sequences were constructed using native HPV sequences for 16 and 31 and with mammalian codon-optimized seque...
A simple method to predict cellular density in adipocyte metabolic incubations.

OBJECTIVES: The density of isolated adipocyte suspensions, namely the cellular concentration, influences metabolic results when lipolysis and the pattern of glucose metabolism are studied. It is often difficult to obtain reproducible adipocyte concentrations from experiment to experiment, and investigators usually measure the cell concentration at the end rather than at the initiation of metabolic incubations. METHOD: A simple and rapid method to obtain reliable and predictable adipocyte concentration prior to metabolic incubations is described and validated. The method is based on determination of lipocrit, mean adipocyte diameter (by optical sizing), and calculation of volume, in aliquots of isolated adipocyte suspensions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lipocrit, mean adipocyte volume, predicted and observed adipocyte number in isolated cell suspensions. RESULTS: In 15 experiments, adipocyte concentration was accurately predicted within 12–18% of actual concentration. This is in contrast to the four‐ or five‐fold differences usually encountered in a series of experiments. CONCLUSION: One can rapidly predict the number of adipocytes present in a given cell suspension with the proposed method, and then correct it to a desired adipocyte concentration at the beginning of metabolic incubations. This method will help to eliminate the confounding effects of variable cell concentrations in in vitro metabolic experiments with isolated adipocytes.
Effects of Environment on Modlus of Low-k Porous Films Used in Back End of Line

Reliability is an important requirement for the newly developed porous low-k ILD materials that are being introduced into (BEOL). Dependence of Young's moduli, as measured by nanoindentation technique, on the environment [such as high relative humidity, water immersion and recovery] is presented along with FT-IR spectra for a number of films with different k values. Effect of the moduli changes on cracking behavior is also discussed.
Particle and Gas Emissions from an In Situ Burn of Crude Oil on the Ocean.

Burning is a very effective way of removing oil spills from the ocean; the tradeoff is the potential for significant air pollution. Airborne measurements are described for particles and gases from two test burns of crude oil offshore of St. Johns, Newfoundland during the Newfoundland Offshore Burn Experiment (NOBE). The smoke plumes from the burns initially rose 200-400 m into the air and then continued to rise and disperse laterally downwind. The concentrations of accumulation-mode particles in the smoke were ~45,000 cm-3 at 1.5 km from the fires, and they remained as high as ~4,000 cm-3 after an hour or more of travel time downwind. Total particle mass loadings in the plumes were over 1000 µg m-3 near the fires, but decreased to ~100 µg m-3 at 25 km downwind. For each kilogram of fuel consumed, ~770 g of carbon was released in the form of CO2, ~13 g of carbon as CO, -5 g as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and -87 g as particles with diameters <3.5 µm, of which ~66 g was elemental carbon and ~7 g condensed organic carbon. Also, ~3 g of SO2 was released per kilogram of fuel burned. A relatively low combustion efficiency was indicated by the average molar ratio of the concentration of CO to excess CO2 of 0.017. The molar ratio of NOX to excess CO2 typically varied from 0.3 x 10-3 to 0.4 x 10-3, implying little fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and low concentrations of NOX. For comparison, the total smoke particle production rate in the NOBE burns was about the same as that for a nineacre slash burn.
Electronic Transport and the Density of States Distribution in a-(Si,Ge):H,F Alloys

The electronic and optical properties of amorphous silicon-germanium alloys produced by d.c. and r.f. glow discharge are reported. Data on the sub-gap absorption, dark and photo conductivities, drift mobilities and drift mobility-lifetime products are used to propose a density of states model.
Alternate Hosts of Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Russian wheat aphids, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), were first detected in the United States in 1986. By September 1988, they had been found in 15 states and were considered a major threat to wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in the United States and Canada. The economic importance of Russian wheat aphids will depend in part on their ability to use plant species as alternative and oversummering hosts. We therefore studied the survival and reproduction of Russian wheat aphids on numerous cool- and warm-season grasses, legumes, and forbs. Russian wheat aphids survived on 47 of 48 cool-season grass species, 18 of 32 warm-season grass species, and none of the 27 legumes or 17 forbs. Jointed goatgrass ( T. cylindncum (Host) Ces.) was the most suitable host, followed by barley, European dunegrass ( Elymus arenarius L.), and little barley ( H. pusillum Nutt.). Russian wheat aphids survived equally well on several cool-season grass species as they did on wheat. Compared with wheat, warm-season grass species were poor hosts for Russian wheat aphids. Many cool-season grasses were as preferred as the most favored warm-season grass species. The importance of Russian wheat aphids in North America has increased because they can survive on a broad range of cool- and warm-season grasses that grow throughout areas that produce barley and wheat.
SU-F-T-624: Dose Sparing to Normal Brain Tissue for Stereotactic Radiosurgery Utilizing Negative Margins

Purpose: The volume of normal brain tissue exposed to doses above 12 Gy (V12) strongly predicts the risk of radionecrosis. A negative margin MLC aperture results in fields smaller than the PTV. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between V12 and the negative margin MLC while keeping adequate PTV coverage with proper dose normalization. Methods: Spherical PTVs were contoured with a center of mass in the frontal and left temporal lobe ranging in size from 1 cm to 4 cm in diameter. A field arrangement was determined for each PTV location using five dynamic conformal arcs for the frontal PTV and three dynamic conformal arcs for the left temporal PTV. Treatment plans for each PTV were generated using a MLC aperture with a positive margin of 1 mm and dose normalized so that the prescribed 18 Gy covers 95% of the PTV. New plans were generated with MLC aperture margins reduced in 1 mm increments, until the max point dose reached is greater than 200%. The volume of dose outside the PTV to 12, 9 and 5 Gy was analyzed. Results: Depending on the PTV size, the greatest negative margin planned was between −4 mm and −2 mm. Negative margins of −1 mm yielded the lowest significant volumes to all doses. Reductions in V12 in relation to the PTV volumes were between 15% and 31% for PTV sizes of 4 and 1 cm, when compared to the 1 mm positive margin plan. Conclusion: Doses to normal tissue were reduced most with margins of −1 and −2 mm for all PTV sizes. In general the −2 mm margin was minimally superior, so a −1 mm margin can be followed in most circumstances to limit maximum PTV dose.
Why Not Parties in Russia?: How Much Party Is in the Party System?

While the preceding chapter showed why some parties survived while others did not as of 2004, it left two key questions unanswered. First, just how strong have these various surviving Russian parties been? That is, does Chapter 2's account of why some parties beat out others merely reflect the weak defeating the weak, or have parties proven to be capable of mobilizing a great deal of electoral support for their candidates? Second, irrespective of whether they have been capable of aiding their candidates in significant measure, to what extent have these parties actually penetrated and structured Russia's political process from the national to the regional? That is, to what degree can we characterize Russia as having had a party system at all through 2004? As was discussed in some detail in Chapter 1, observers have advanced very different opinions on these questions, with some arguing Russian parties have been strong and/or growing while others insist that they have been weak and/or in decline. This chapter makes a systematic endeavor to answer these two central questions for the period from the Soviet breakup to 2004. Successive sections assess the strength of parties in the electorate generally, in the federal executive branch, in the federal legislature, in the regional executive branch, and in regional legislatures. The discussion of parties in the electorate relies primarily on surveys of voters themselves, exploring different measures of voters' relationships to parties in order to determine more precisely the degree to which parties during this period were communicating policy stands to potential voters and were in fact cultivating mass-level attachments and structuring potential voters' political attitudes and activities.
A Natural Language Interface for Specifying Digital Systems

This work describes a natural language interface for specifying the behavior of digital systems in restricted English text. A neutral formal representation for the behavior is described. An intermediate representation based on Conceptual Dependencies is presented and its use with a semantic-based parser is illustrated by a series of examples.
Resin embedded multicycle imaging (REMI): a tool to evaluate protein domains

Protein complexes associated with cellular processes comprise a significant fraction of all biology, but our understanding of their heterogeneous organization remains inadequate, particularly for physiological densities of multiple protein species. Towards resolving this limitation, we here present a new technique based on resin-embedded multicycle imaging (REMI) of proteins in-situ. By stabilizing protein structure and antigenicity in acrylic resins, affinity labels were repeatedly applied, imaged, removed, and replaced. In principle, an arbitrarily large number of proteins of interest may be imaged on the same specimen with subsequent digital overlay. A series of novel preparative methods were developed to address the problem of imaging multiple protein species in areas of the plasma membrane or volumes of cytoplasm of individual cells. For multiplexed examination of antibody staining we used straightforward computational techniques to align sequential images, and super-resolution microscopy was used to further define membrane protein colocalization. We give one example of a fibroblast membrane with eight multiplexed proteins. A simple statistical analysis of this limited membrane proteomic dataset is sufficient to demonstrate the analytical power contributed by additional imaged proteins when studying membrane protein domains.
A Cane for More than Walking The Design of a Smart Cane for Physical Therapy

This paper discusses the user research and design process of the PTCane: a smart cane for physical therapy. The goal of the research process is to identify limitations in current home exercise programs, and the goal of the design process is to provide a device, the PTCane, to overcome these limitations and augment home exercise programs. User research included a general survey, physical therapy observations, and expert interviews. From our user research, we identified that the technology needs to overcome barriers to physical therapy, inform patients of their exercise accuracy, and decrease helplessness during recovery. The final proposed cane design includes reminders, an accuracy feedback system, a pain and progress survey, and a system to provide information about progress in therapy to both patients and therapists.
Bcr-abl regulates Stat5 through Shp2, the interferon consensus sequence binding protein (Icsbp/Irf8), growth arrest specific 2 (Gas2) and calpain.

// Elizabeth E. Hjort 1, 2 , Weiqi Huang 1, 2 , Liping Hu 1, 2 , Elizabeth A. Eklund 1, 2 1 The Feinberg School at Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA 2 Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA Correspondence to: Elizabeth A. Eklund, email: e-eklund@northwestern.edu Keywords: leukemia, calpain, transcription factor, myeloid, phosphatase Received: August 01, 2016 Accepted: October 12, 2016 Published: October 19, 2016 ABSTRACT Icsbp/Irf8 is an interferon regulatory transcription factor that functions as a suppressor of myeloid leukemias. Consistent with this activity, Icsbp represses a set of genes encoding proteins that promote cell proliferation/survival. One such gene encodes Gas2, a calpain inhibitor. We previously found that increased Gas2-expression in Bcr-abl + cells stabilized βcatenin; a Calpain substrate. This was of interest, because βcatenin contributes to disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Calpain has additional substrates implicated in leukemogenesis, including Stat5. In the current study, we hypothesized that Stat5 activity in CML is regulated by Gas2/Calpain. We found that Bcr-abl-induced, Shp2-dependent dephosphorylation of Icsbp impaired repression of GAS2 by this transcription factor. The consequent decrease in Calpain activity stabilized Stat5 protein; increasing the absolute abundance of both phospho and total Stat5. This enhanced repression of the IRF8 promoter by Stat5 in a manner dependent on Icsbp, Gas2 and Calpain, but not Stat5 tyrosine phosphorylation. During normal myelopoiesis, increased expression and phosphorylation of Icsbp inhibits Calpain. In contrast, constitutive activation of Shp2 in Bcr-abl + cells impairs regulation of Gas2/Calpain by Icsbp, aberrantly stabilizing Stat5 and enhancing IRF8 repression. This novel feedback mechanism enhances leukemogenesis by increasing Stat5 and decreasing Icsbp. Bcr-abl targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide long term disease control, but CML is not cured by these agents. Our studies suggest targeting Calpain might be a rational therapeutic approach to decrease persistent leukemia stem cells (LSCs) during TKI-treatment.
EAT-UP™ Family-Centered Feeding Intervention to Promote Food Acceptance and Decrease Challenging Behaviors: A Single-Case Experimental Design Replicated Across Three Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a family-centered feeding intervention, Easing Anxiety Together with Understanding and Perseverance (EAT-UP™), for promoting food acceptance of children with autism spectrum disorder at home. A concurrent multiple-baseline design was used with systematic replication across three families. Baseline was followed by an 'Intervention-Coaching' phase and then an 'Intervention-Independent' phase. Using direct observation and pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, data on acceptance of less preferred foods and challenging mealtime behaviors were collected. Procedural fidelity was monitored throughout all study phases. Data were analyzed using visual analysis and measures of effect size. All children demonstrated increases in food acceptance (effect size >0.90) and dietary diversity and decreased challenging behaviors. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Is HPSG Featureless Or Unprincipled

Les vastes programmes informatiques ont pour caracteristique, a moins qu'ils ne soient modulaires, d'etre extremement difficiles a comprendre et a conserver. C'est pour cette raison qu'il existe des langages et des methodes de programmation qui permettent de mettre en relief la modularite du code. L'A. propose ici une formalisation de la grammaire syntagmatique menee par la tete concue dans cette perspective. Il formalise les principes de la grammaire en les considerant comme des assertions sur le langage comprises independamment et decrit l'interaction de ces principes separement des principes eux-memes. Cette approche, qui s'effectue dans le cadre de la theorie des categories, garantit la conservation de l'intention des principes de la grammaire, meme si d'autres principes sont ajoutes ou changes
Calcification of Human Saphenous Vein Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction: A Pilot Histopathophysiological and Demographical Study.

While the pathophysiology and clinical significance of arterial calcifications have been studied extensively, minimal focus has been placed on venous calcification deposition. In this study, we evaluated the association between calcium deposition in human saphenous vein (HSV), endothelial function, and patient demographic risk factors. Fifty-four HSV segments were collected at the time of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The presence or absence of calcium deposits was visualized using the Von Kossa staining method. Endothelial function was determined by measuring muscle tissue contraction with phenylephrine and relaxation with carbachol in a muscle bath. Additional segments of vein underwent histologic evaluation for pre-existing intimal thickness, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Patient demographics data were obtained through our institution’s electronic medical record, with patient consent. Calcium was present in 16 of 54 samples (29.6%). Veins with calcium deposits had significantly greater intimal-to-medial thickness ratios (p = 0.0058), and increased extracellular collagen deposition (p = 0.0077). Endothelial relaxation was significantly compromised in calcified veins versus those without calcium (p = 0.0011). Significant patient risk factors included age (p=0.001) and preoperative serum creatinine (p=0.017). Calcified veins can be characterized as having endothelial dysfunction with increased basal intimal thickness, and increased ECM deposition. Patient risk factors for calcium deposits in veins are similar to those for arteries, namely advanced age and kidney disease. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of pre-existing vein calcification on short and long-term graft patency.
Pediatric Bilateral Blue Laser Pointer-Induced Maculopathy.

Background: We report the first case of pediatric bilateral blue laser pointer maculopathy with complete resolution of visual symptoms. Case: A 12-year-old boy presented with bilateral decreased visual acuity and central scotomata after blue laser pointer exposure. He was treated with a Medrol Dosepak and topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with gradual visual acuity improved from 20/40 OU to 20/20 OU over 22 weeks, but with persistent evidence of outer retinal layer disruption from the external limiting membrane to the interdigitation zone. Conclusion: Oral steroids and topical NSAIDs may be effective in improving visual outcomes in laser pointer maculopathy in the pediatric population.
Atmospheric circulation and cloud evolution on the highly eccentric extrasolar planet HD 80606b

Observations of the highly-eccentric (e~0.9) hot-Jupiter HD 80606b with Spitzer have provided some of best probes of the physics at work in exoplanet atmospheres. By observing HD 80606b during its periapse passage, atmospheric radiative, advective, and chemical timescales can be directly measured and used to constrain fundamental planetary properties such as rotation period, tidal dissipation rate, and atmospheric composition (including aerosols). Here we present three-dimensional general circulation models for HD 80606b that aim to further explore the atmospheric physics shaping HD 80606b's observed Spitzer phase curves. We find that our models that assume a planetary rotation period twice that of the pseudo-synchronous rotation period best reproduce the phase variations observed for HD~80606b near periapse passage with Spitzer. Additionally, we find that the rapid formation/dissipation and vertical transport of clouds in HD 80606b's atmosphere near periapse passage likely shapes its observed phase variations. We predict that observations near periapse passage at visible wavelengths could constrain the composition and formation/advection timescales of the dominant cloud species in HD 80606b's atmosphere. The time-variable forcing experienced by exoplanets on eccentric orbits provides a unique and important window on radiative, dynamical, and chemical processes in planetary atmospheres and an important link between exoplanet observations and theory.
Discovery of graphene and beyond

Graphene, the wonder material of the 21st century was discovered amidst theoretical studies refuting its stability in free form. A brief history of graphene, before going in deep about its characteristics and applications in the following chapters, is discussed here. Attempts to isolate and characterize graphene began in 1800s, long before the famous discovery by Geim and Novoselov in 2004. The discovery of graphene opened up a new world of “flatlands” and a myriad of materials from this class is known today. This long list includes hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum sulfide, dichalcogenides, single-atom layers (phosphorene, silicene, borophene, etc.) and still counting. A short insight into these graphene materials is discussed here. The challenges and opportunities of these materials such as scalability, cost, and toxicity were also examined. This chapter gives an introduction to the two-dimensional materials, which are going to be the foci of the following chapters in this book.
Working to Increase Vaccination for Human Papillomavirus: A Survey of Wisconsin Stakeholders, 2015

Introduction Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is common and can progress to various types of cancer. HPV infection can be prevented through vaccination; however, vaccination rates among adolescents are low. The objective of this study was to assess efforts among Wisconsin stakeholders in HPV vaccination and organizational capacity for future collaborative work. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 277 stakeholders in HPV vaccination activities, from April 30, 2015, through June 30, 2015. Stakeholders were public health professionals, health care providers, educators, quality improvement professionals, researchers, and advocates identified as engaged in HPV vaccination work. Results Of the 277 invited stakeholders, 117 (42%) responded to the survey. Findings showed that most current HPV vaccination activities targeted 3 groups: adolescents and parents, clinical and health professionals, and communities and health systems. The main activities directed at these groups were providing printed educational materials, professional education, and media campaigns to raise awareness. Common barriers reported were lack of understanding about the link between HPV and cancer, requests to delay vaccination, difficulty completing the 3-dose vaccine series, and reluctance to discuss sexuality. Conclusion HPV vaccination rates are far below those of other vaccinations administered to adolescents in Wisconsin. Our study showed that various local efforts were being made to increase HPV vaccination uptake; however, many barriers exist to initiation and completion of the vaccine series. Future interventions should address barriers and employ evidence-based strategies for increasing HPV vaccination rates.
Going Public on Supreme Court Decisions

Although scholars have long studied why presidents “go public” on a host of topics, no research has specifically investigated presidential statements about Supreme Court cases. To examine this significant issue, we have cataloged the number of times presidents have commented publicly on Supreme Court cases from the Eisenhower to Obama administrations. We posit that presidents discuss judicial decisions primarily to assist in their pursuit of policy and reelection goals, and to enhance their historical legacy. Our empirical findings lend support to our expectations, revealing that reelection years, media attention to the Court’s decisions, and partisanship shape the volume of monthly presidential remarks on Supreme Court cases. Taken as a whole, this research contributes to our understanding of presidential speechmaking, executive-judicial branch interactions, and the methods presidents use to implement Supreme Court decisions.
Recent Studies in Tudor and Stuart Drama

An assessment of recent scholarly work treating the literature of Tudor and Stuart Drama and some general observations on the state of the profession. A full bibliography and price list of works received by SEL for consideration follow.
A Framework for a User Friendly Wireless Sensor Network Configuration System

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being embedded into the fabric of our everyday lives. But there design still requires expertise in computer science and engineering in addition to the expertise for the application to which the WSNs are directed, and this slows the progress towards WSN solutions to important modern-day problems. We outline a system which may ultimately allow designers with little or no computer background to design WSNs. The system is based on a well-crafted user interface combined with a knowledge base about WSN hardware and software.
An Outline of a Program to Enhance Software Safety

Abstract Special techniques are necessary to ensure that the software which controls safety-critical systems will execute within the system context without creating unacceptable risk. This paper presents an outline of a possible software safety program. It is meant to provide guidance for determining the general features of such a program rather than to imply that this is the only or even the best such type of development program.
SEASONAL CHANGES IN WOODPECKER FORAGING METHODS: STRATEGIES FOR WINTER SURVIVAL

Seasonal changes in the foraging methods of five species of woodpeckers were studied over a four year period in southwestern Virginia. Woodpeckers using “typical” woodpecker foraging methods such as the Downy ( Picoides pubescens ), Hairy ( Picoides villosus ), and Pileated ( Dryocopus pileatus ) woodpeckers used methods that penetrated trees to greater depths during winter than during the breeding and post-breeding seasons. In woodpeckers with “non-traditional” foraging behavior, selection may have favored development of migratory behavior to avoid winter food shortages.
In Search of Private Benefit

For at least the past two decades, the Internal Revenue Service has relied heavily on the "private benefit" doctrine to police economic transactions between tax-exempt charities and for-profit entities. The doctrine has been used to regulate the size of the charitable class needed to justify exemption, prohibit joint venture transactions between nonprofits and individuals or for-profit entities, regulate employee recruiting, and possibly serve as a substantive constraint on contracts with third parties. Because of the variety of transactions to which it has been applied, no one really can define the doctrine. In a 1987 General Counsel's Memorandum, the IRS stated that private benefits must be balanced against public benefits that result from specific transactions in assessing tax exemption, but did not give any specific rationale for the doctrine nor provide specific guidance for what benefits present transactional problems. This article attempts to identify both a specific rationale for the private benefit doctrine and the paradigm transactions to which it should apply. Specifically, the article suggests that the private benefit doctrine should be invoked in cases in which transactions carry substantial risk that the charity is "failing to conserve" charitable assets for the charitable class. The article identifies two paradigm situations in which the risk of such "failure to conserve" may be especially high: (1) a charitable entity transacts with an individual or for-profit entity in order to provide "core services" (services that form the basis for tax exemption) to the beneficiaries of the charity (the "outsourcing" paradigm) or (2) the charity enters into a transaction with a for-profit entity or individual involving these core services that confers a competitive advantage on the for-profit in its own business activities (the "competitive advantage" paradigm). In situation (1), the failure to conserve may be the result of paying a profit margin to the for-profit entity to perform services that the charity might be able to provide as efficiently (or more efficiently) directly; in situation (2), the failure to conserve may be the failure to capture the full value of the competitive benefit conferred by the charity on the for-profit. In either situation, the charity should be required to present a reasonable justification that the transaction in question does not "waste" charitable resources in order to maintain exemption.
A Process Model of Network Throughput

The purpose of this research is to develop a process model through which workplace social context serves as a throughput influence that determines individual and collective retrospective attributions about the organization. Toward this end, this research extends attributions theory by drawing on the input-network-throughput-output (I-N-T-O) open systems model, which accounts for the mediating influence of constructed and dynamic member network ties on the input-process-output (I-P-O) relationship. In so doing, the proposed model explains how interpersonal networks among members contribute to a negotiated attribution process that produces retrospective intrasubjective perceptions to connect cognitive perceptions to intersubjective and collective consequences. After defining and conceptualizing the process through its influence on intersubjective attributions, I illustrate its interactionist capacity empirically in the case of peer mentoring at an academic institution. The manuscript concludes with a theore...
Nietzsche’s Fling with Positivism

By “positivism” (which can mean many things) I mean here a stance which prizes science for its ability to both produce reliable knowledge and contribute crucially to human flourishing. By “fling” here I mean merely a temporary attachment. Nietzsche was, by any definition, an ardent anti-positivist for most of his philosophical career. My thesis here is that he can nevertheless be described as a positivist (at least in the above sense) during a certain phase in (what must now be called) his philosophical development. I am thus arguing that we must periodize Nietzsche with regard to issues of science and epistemology: positivism belongs to Nietzsche’s middle phase, beginning with Human,All Too Human (published in 1878) and concluding some time before The Gay Science (published in 1882). The connotation of “fling” as being somewhat fleeting and not especially serious or heartfelt is also intended, for not only does Nietzsche give up his positivism after a short time, but even while professing it holds at the same time some of the views which will develop into the perspectivism for which he is better known in his later works.
Assay of immunoglobulins in supernatants of lymphoid cell lines by conventional laser nephelometry.

Abstract An adaptation of the nephelometric assay for serum immunoglobulins has been developed for detection and quantitation of extracellular immunoglobulins in cultures of lymphoblastoid cell lines. This assay employs the standard equipment for laser nephelometry and commercial reagents for immunoglobulin quantitation. By adjusting dilutions of controls and sample volumes of culture supernatants, amounts of IgG and IgM below 1 μg/ml can be detected in culture supernatants. At concentrations between 1 and 4 μg/ml, day-to-day and within-run variations for IgM assays were 16 and 11% respectively. The possibility of measuring immunoglobulins secreted by cell lines by conventional laser nephelometry opens several areas of application in the study of the functional activity of B cells and of cell-cell interactions.
Yoriko Nakajima and Robert F. Williams: Reasoning with the Long Civil Rights Movement Thesis

The focus of this chapter centers on Yoriko Nakajima’s conceptualization of Black politics derived from her support for Robert F. Williams’s struggle for Black liberation. She was a close friend of Robert and Mabel Williams, her ties deepening as they were exiled from Monroe, North Carolina, to Fidel Castro’s Cuba and Mao Tse-tung’s China throughout the 1960s. In her magna opus Black Political Participation as America Enters Its Third Century (1989), which was written in Japanese, she richly documented the nature of this struggle. Her understanding of Black politics brings into sharp relief the problem of the new theoretical and interpretive framework that has become vogue in recent historical scholarship on the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements called the Long Movement Thesis.
Bilbliographic Guide to the Environment

Bilbliographic Guide to the Environment Mary K. Bolin Head, Technical Services, University of Idaho Library, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. TEL: 208-885-7737 Biliographic Guide to the Environment. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1992. 328 pp. US$165.00 cloth ISBN: 0-8161- 7222-6. ISSN: 1063-6153. This volume cites titles added during 1991 to the holdings on environmental topics at the Library of Congress and the New York Public Library. Cited are 3,200 publications in all languages and formats on alternative and renewable energy, endangered species, pesticides, pollution, public policy, law and legislation, conservation, waste management, and other areas. This is a new addition to G.K. Hall's bibliographic guides, joining annual volumes covering such subjects as law, computer science, black studies, education, and music. Each of these cites popular and scholarly titles, children's books, periodicals, videocassettes, and government documents. Complete bibliographic data is provided. There are no annotations. Author, title, and subject entries are listed alphabetically under the main entry (for author, if any, or title), with full library cataloging information, including Library of Congress and Dewey classification numbers. Other access points provide briefer citations. There are also cross references from unused subject terms. While this arrangement, reminiscent of a card catalog, no doubt helped keep this Bibliographic Guide to a manageable size, it is irritating now that we are accustomed to finding the same data retrievable through any access point in on-line catalogs and bibliographic utility databases. While it is useful to have so many citations brought together, any investigator with access to a modem would probably find it easier to let her fingers do the walking through dozens of on-line library catalogs and other databases, thus compiling a similar or more focused list with relative ease. Like the National Union Catalog and other such printed reference tools, any of the volumes in the series of which this Guide is a part would be dubious purchases for any fairly sizable library with access to computerized sources. While they could be useful to libraries lacking on-line resources, unfortunately they are probably too expensive for many smaller institutions.
Geographic disparities and temporal changes in risk of death from myocardial infarction in Florida, 2000–2014

Identifying disparities in myocardial infarction (MI) burden and assessing its temporal changes are critical for guiding resource allocation and policies geared towards reducing/eliminating health disparities. Our objectives were to: (a) investigate the spatial distribution and clusters of MI mortality risk in Florida; and (b) assess temporal changes in geographic disparities in MI mortality risks in Florida from 2000 to 2014. This is a retrospective ecologic study with county as the spatial unit of analysis. We obtained data for MI deaths occurring among Florida residents between 2000 and 2014 from the Florida Department of Health, and calculated county-level age-adjusted MI mortality risks and Spatial Empirical Bayesian smoothed MI mortality risks. We used Kulldorff’s circular spatial scan statistics and Tango’s flexible spatial scan statistics to identify spatial clusters. There was an overall decline of 48% in MI mortality risks between 2000 and 2014. However, we found substantial, persistent disparities in MI mortality risks, with high-risk clusters occurring primarily in rural northern counties and low-risk clusters occurring exclusively in urban southern counties. MI mortality risks declined in both low- and high-risk clusters, but the latter showed more dramatic decreases during the first nine years of the study period. Consequently, the risk difference between the high- and low-risk clusters was smaller at the end than at the beginning of the study period. However, the rates of decline levelled off during the last six years of the study, and there are signs that the risks may be on an upward trend in parts of North Florida. Moreover, MI mortality risks for high-risk clusters at the end of the study period were on par with or above those for low-risk clusters at the beginning of the study period. Thus, high-risk clusters lagged behind low-risk clusters by at least 1.5 decades. Myocardial infarction mortality risks have decreased substantially during the last 15 years, but persistent disparities in MI mortality burden still exist across Florida. Efforts to reduce these disparities will need to target prevention programs to counties in the high-risk clusters.
Estimation of RTT and Loss Rate of Wide-Area Connections Using MPI Measurements

Abstract—Scientific computations are expected to be increasingly distributed across wide-area networks, and the Message Passing Interface (MPI) has been shown to scale to support their communications over long distances. These computations should account for certain network parameters to ensure an effective execution, for example, by avoiding highly congested and long connections. The execution times of MPI basic operations reflect the connection parameters, including the Round Trip Time (RTT) and loss rate. We describe five machine leaning methods to estimate the connection RTT and loss rate using execution times of MPI basic operations. We utilize execution time measurements of MPI Sendrecv operations collected over emulated 10 Gbps connections with 0-366 ms round-trip times, wherein the longest connection spans the globe, under up to 20% periodic losses. These methods provide disparate, namely, linear and non-linear, and smooth and non-smooth, estimates of RTT and loss rate. Our results show that accurate estimates can be generated at low loss rates but they become inaccurate at loss rates 10% and higher. Overall, these results constitute a case study of the strengths and limitations of machine learning methods in inferring network-level parameters using application-level measurements.
Epidemiological comparison of hyperthyroidism between villages with high and with normal iodine intake from drinking water in Jiangsu province

Objective To examine the relationship between hyperthyroidism and excessive iodine intake from drinking water through epidemiological studies in the iodine excess and the iodine normal villages. Methods Mengzhuang village of Pei county and Xingji village of Pizhou city in Jiangsu province, with median water iodine concentration of 1284.1 μg/L and 77.9 μ/L, respectively,were selected in 2006. Thyroid diseases of all local residents in the two villages were assessed clinically to compare the prevalence and the distribution of hyperthyroidism. Results A total of 17 471 residents were recruited from the iodine excess village, 26 of them were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was 1.49‰, 0.75‰ (7/9264) in male,2.32‰( 19/8207) in female, and the age-standardized prevalence was 1.48‰. A total of 12 765 residents were recruited from the iodine normal village, among them 27 residents were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was 2.12‰, 0.96‰(7/6823) in male, 3.26‰(20/5942) in female, and the agestandardized prevalence was 2.02‰. The prevalence and age-standardized prevalence was significantly lower in the iodine excess village than those in the iodine normal village (u = 2.88, 2.89; all P < 0.01). The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was lower among females in the iodine excess village (2.32‰) than that in the iodine normal one (3.37‰, u = 2.89, P < 0.01). Residents aged 20 - 50 years had higher prevalence of hyperthyroidism[(19.36 -38.96 )/10 000]in the two villages. The proportion of Graves diseases was 50.00% (13/26) in the iodine excessvillage, higher than that in the iodine normal village[29.41%(5/17) , χ2 = 5.853, P < 0.01]. Conclusions Chronic excessive iodine intake does not increase the chance of suffering from hyperthyroidism. On the contrary, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism in the iodine excess village decreases significantly compared with that of the iodine normal village. The prevalence is higher among females. Key words: Iodine; Hyperthyroidism; Prevalence; Epidemiology
Impact of intra-tumoral heterogeneity detected by next-generation sequencing on acute myeloid leukemia survival.

As in microbial populations, there is considerable documented evidence for broad phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity in malignant neoplasms resulting from the step-wise, evolutionary process by ...
Robust control of active magnetic bearing systems with an add-on controller to cancel gyroscopic effects: Is it worth it?:

One of the performance-limiting factors in the design of robust controllers for active magnetic bearing systems is the fact that the controller needs to be robust to the gyroscopic effects, that is...
UCHL1 regulates oxidative activity in skeletal muscle

Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was originally identified in neurons. Our recent study showed that UCHL1 was expressed in C2C12 myoblast cells and mouse skeletal muscle. Here we report that in mouse skeletal muscle, UCHL1 is primarily expressed in oxidative muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle specific gene knockout (smKO) of UCHL1 in mice reduced oxidative activity in skeletal muscle measured by SDH staining. The in situ muscle contraction test revealed that gastrocnemius muscle from UCHL1 smKO mice was more prone to fatigue in response to the repetitive stimulation. This data suggests that UCHL1 plays a role in maintenance of muscle oxidative metabolism. Moreover, UCHL1 smKO caused a significant reduction in key proteins that are involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in soleus muscles, suggesting that UCHL1 may be involved in regulation of mitochondrial content and function. Immunostaining showed the co-localization of UCHL1 and mitochondrial marker VDAC in skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial fractionation assay revealed that, although UCHL1 was primarily present in the cytosolic fraction, a low level of UCHL1 protein was present in mitochondrial fraction. The level of phosphorylation of AMPKα, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, were unchanged in UCHL1 smKO muscle. On the other hand, immunoprecipitation from soleus muscle sample indicated the interaction between UCHL1 and HSP60, a chaperon protein that is involved in mitochondrial protein transport. There was a trend of downregulation of HSP60 in UCHL1 smKO muscle. Overall, our data suggests UCHL1 is a novel regulator of mitochondrial function and oxidative activity in skeletal muscle.
Ageism and Behavior Change During a Health Pandemic: A Preregistered Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a suspected surge of ageism in America and has imposed critical health and safety behavior modifications for people of all ages (Ayalon et al., 2020; Lichtenstein, 2020). Given that older adults are a high-risk group, maintaining their safety has been paramount in implementing preventive measures (i.e., more handwashing, social distancing); however, making such behavior modifications might be contingent on how one views older adults (i.e., ageist stereotypes). Therefore, the goal of the current pre-registered study was to explore if hostile and benevolent ageism relate to pandemic-related fear and behavior change. An online survey assessing responses to the pandemic was taken by 164 younger and 171 older adults. Higher hostile ageism predicted lower pandemic-related behavior modification. Those high in benevolent ageism reported lower behavior change, but also reported higher pandemic-related fear; however, when pandemic-related fear was considered a mediator between the two, the directionality between benevolent ageism and behavior change switched, indicating a suppression effect. These findings highlight that ageist attitudes do predict responses to the pandemic and that hostile and benevolent ageism are distinct facets that have unique implications during a health pandemic.
Combined single crystal polarized XAFS and XRD at high pressure: probing the interplay between lattice distortions and electronic order at multiple length scales in high T c cuprates

ABSTRACTSome of the most exotic material properties derive from electronic states with short correlation length (∼10−500 A), suggesting that the local structural symmetry may play a relevant role in their behavior. Here, we discuss the combined use of polarized x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray diffraction at high pressure as a powerful method to tune and probe structural and electronic orders at multiple length scales. Besides addressing some of the technical challenges associated with such experiments, we illustrate this approach with results obtained in the cuprate La1.875Ba0.125CuO4, in which the response of electronic order to pressure can only be understood by probing the structure at the relevant length scales.
Three-dimensional atomic scale characterization of {112¯2} twin boundaries in titanium

Abstract The { 11 2 ¯ 2 } 11 23 ¯ > compression twin can accommodate a considerable amount of strain under c-axis compression in Ti. However, unlike the tensile { 10 1 ¯ 2 } 〈 1 ¯ 011 〉 twin, the structure of { 11 2 ¯ 2 } 11 23 ¯ > compression twins has not been completely characterized. Here, we apply a combined technique of HR-TEM characterization, topological analysis, and atomistic simulations to explore the facets that bound the { 11 2 ¯ 2 } 11 23 ¯ > twin in Ti. In addition to the currently known facets (CTB and B-Py), six new facets are observed and categorized for the first time from atomic-scale TEM observations along five crystallographic directions. The six new facets are ( 11 2 ¯ 0 ) // ( 11 2 ¯ 6 ) , PrPr1, PyPy1, ( 2 11 ¯ 1 ) // ( 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 1 ) , ( 1 1 ¯ 04 ) // ( 01 1 ¯ 1 ¯ ) , and ( 01 1 ¯ 0 ) // ( 2 11 ¯ 4 ) . Results from the topological and computational analysis are in reasonable agreement with and support the HRTEM observations. Specifically, (1) the observed facets align with low-index interfaces in both twin and matrix domains, (2) the facets with lower surface energies are found to form extended interfaces, and (3) high-surface-energy facets are found at the twin tip region and explained by the fact that the energy of the combined facet and facet junction configuration is energetically preferred in the twin tip region. These results not only provide a comprehensive understanding of the 3D structure of { 11 2 ¯ 2 } 11 23 ¯ > compression twins in Ti, but also validate the MD procedure and the Ti interatomic potential employed. This is extremely important for future study of { 11 2 ¯ 2 } twin mobility and interactions with other defects, both features that remain extremely challenging to capture in experiments.