cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalous temperature dependence of the sodium conductance in rabbit nerve compared with frog nerve.

THE sodium channel in excitable tissues is an integral component of the membrane, and is intimately associated with the surrounding lipid1. Thus, the electrophysiological parameters of the sodium channel might be expected to exhibit a characteristic dependence on temperature, reflecting the marked temperature sensitivity of the physical properties of most lipids. We report here voltage-clamp experiments which show that cooling a rabbit node below the region of about 6 °C does in fact sharply decrease the maximal sodium conductance, and markedly prolongs sodium inactivation. It thus seems that the lipid (or lipid–protein) environment of the sodium channel in the rabbit node undergoes a drastic change below 6 °C.
TRAIT AND STATE CURIOSITY IN THE GENESIS OF INTIMACY: DIFFERENTIATION FROM RELATED CONSTRUCTS

We examined the roles of curiosity, social anxiety, and positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) in the development of interpersonal closeness. A reciprocal self–disclosure task was used wherein participants and trained confederates asked and answered questions escalating in personal and emotional depth (mimicking closeness–development). Relationships between curiosity and relationship outcomes were examined using regression analyses. Controlling for trait measures of social anxiety, PA, and NA, trait curiosity predicted greater partner ratings of attraction and closeness. Social anxiety moderated the relationship between trait curiosity and self–ratings of attraction such that curiosity was associated with greater attraction among those low in social anxiety compared to those high in social anxiety. In contrast, trait PA was related to greater self–ratings of attraction but had no relationship with partners’ ratings. Trait curiosity predicted positive relationship outcomes as a function of state curiosity generated during the interaction, even after controlling for state PA.
Effects of Added Minerals on Pasting of Partial Waxy Wheat Flour and Starch and on Noodle Making Properties

ABSTRACT Mineral content, as determined and expressed by ash content, serves as an index of wheat flour quality for flour millers and food manufacturers who prefer flour of low mineral content, even though the significance of mineral content on the functional properties of wheat flour is not well understood. We explored whether minerals have any influence on the functional properties of wheat flour and product quality of white salted noodles. Ash, obtained by incinerating wheat bran, was incorporated into two hard white spring wheat flours and their starches to raise the total ash content to 1, 1.5, or 2%. Pasting properties were determined using a rapid visco analyzer (RVA). Addition of ash increased the peak viscosity of the flours in both water and buffer solution but did not affect the peak viscosity of starch. Wheat flours with added ash showed lower pasting temperature by approximately 10°C in buffer solution. Mineral extracts (15.3% ash) isolated from wheat bran, when added to increase the ash cont...
On data management in pervasive computing environments

This paper presents a framework to address new data management challenges introduced by data-intensive, pervasive computing environments. These challenges include a spatio-temporal variation of data and data source availability, lack of a global catalog and schema, and no guarantee of reconnection among peers due to the serendipitous nature of the environment. An important aspect of our solution is to treat devices as semiautonomous peers guided in their interactions by profiles and context. The profiles are grounded in a semantically rich language and represent information about users, devices, and data described in terms of "beliefs," "desires," and "intentions." We present a prototype implementation of this framework over combined Bluetooth and Ad Hoc 802.11 networks and present experimental and simulation results that validate our approach and measure system performance.
Experience and generalization in a connectionist model of Mandarin Chinese relative clause processing.

Sentences containing relative clauses are well known to be difficult to comprehend, and they have long been an arena in which to investigate the role of working memory in language comprehension. However, recent work has suggested that relative clause processing is better described by ambiguity resolution processes than by limits on extrinsic working memory. We investigated these alternative views with a Simple Recurrent Network (SRN) model of relative clause processing in Mandarin Chinese, which has a unique pattern of word order across main and relative clauses and which has yielded mixed results in human comprehension studies. To assess the model’s ability to generalize from similar sentence structures, and to observe effects of ambiguity through the sentence, we trained the model on several different sentence types, based on a detailed corpus analysis of Mandarin relative clauses and simple sentences, coded to include patterns of noun animacy in the various structures. The model was evaluated on16 different relative clause subtypes. Its performance corresponded well to human reading times, including effects previously attributed to working memory overflow. The model’s performance across a wide variety of sentence types suggested that the seemingly inconsistent results in some prior empirical studies stemmed from failures to consider the full range of sentence types in empirical studies. Crucially, sentence difficulty for the model was not simply a reflection of sentence frequency in the training set; the model generalized from similar sentences and showed high error rates at points of ambiguity. The results suggest that SRNs are a powerful tool to examine the complicated constraint-satisfaction process of sentence comprehension, and that understanding comprehension of specific structures must include consideration of experiences with other similar structures in the language.
A perceptually transparent audio power reduction algorithm for loudspeaker power management

Power management in loudspeakers is used to extend the battery life of portable electronics and to prevent thermal damage to the speakers. Traditionally, speaker power management has been implemented as an adaptive gain control, which limits the power applied to the loudspeaker uniformly. In this paper, we present a perception-based algorithm that suppresses inaudible contents from the audio before sending it to the amplifier and loudspeaker. The power reduction algorithm attenuates the signal energy in the digital domain. Subjective test results show that the energy reduction is largely unnoticeable in small loudspeakers.
A Case Study of a High School English-Language Learner and His Reading.

Mario, an adolescent English-language learner and struggling reader, participated in a university-sponsored summer literacy program. After the program, a follow-up literacy assessment was conducted, and Mario was interviewed about his perceptions of and practices with literacy. The findings of this case study demonstrate the possibility that one-on-one tutoring, performing specific activities such as think-alouds when reading, engaging in sustained silent reading for extended periods each day, writing in dialogue journals, and conducting inquiry projects can all influence the motivation and the reading effectiveness of an adolescent English-language learner who struggles to read. Although it is not possible to make conclusive assertions that any of these activities are effective for all students, it is clear by that they had a positive influence on Mario as a reader.
Bilingualism, gender, and ideology

The purpose of the present paper is to theorize the relationship between bilingualism and gender within a feminist post structuralist framework. I suggest that all language contact phenomena, inclu...
Disruption of an SF2/ASF-dependent exonic splicing enhancer in SMN2 causes spinal muscular atrophy in the absence of SMN1

Alteration of correct splicing patterns by disruption of an exonic splicing enhancer may be a frequent mechanism by which point mutations cause genetic diseases. Spinal muscular atrophy results from the lack of functional survival of motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1), even though all affected individuals carry a nearly identical, normal SMN2 gene. SMN2 is only partially active because a translationally silent, single-nucleotide difference in exon 7 causes exon skipping. Using ESE motif-prediction tools, mutational analysis and in vivo and in vitro splicing assays, we show that this single-nucleotide change occurs within a heptamer motif of an exonic splicing enhancer, which in SMN1 is recognized directly by SF2/ASF. The abrogation of the SF2/ASF-dependent ESE is the basis for inefficient inclusion of exon 7 in SMN2, resulting in the spinal muscular atrophy phenotype.
Tadalafil: A Phosphodiesterase‐5 Inhibitor for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitor recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for lower urinary tracts symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The mechanism for improved LUTS is thought to be related to three principal theories: alterations in nitric oxide levels, Rho-associated protein kinase deactivation, and reductions in pelvic atherosclerosis. The efficacy of PDE-5 inhibitors for the treatment of LUTS associated with BPH has been demonstrated in several randomized placebo-controlled trials. Tadalafil is thought to be superior based on an extended half-life; however, other PDE-5 inhibitors have positive results in BPH and have not been proved to be inferior to tadalafil. Before administration, concomitant use of medications such as nonselective α-adrenergic antagonists, nitrates, and cytochrome P450 inhibitors should be assessed for possible drug interactions. Potential adverse drug events seen in Food and Drug Administration-approved tadalafil include back pain, dyspepsia, headache, and dizziness. Given the efficacy and safety data currently available, the PDE-5 inhibitor tadalafil represents a reasonable alternative for selected male patients with LUTS associated with BPH, especially with concomitant erectile dysfunction.
Ectopic pancreas presenting as a submucosal gastric antral tumor that was cystic on EUS.

Ectopic pancreas, also called heterotopic or aberrant pancreas, is defined as pancreatic tissue lying outside its normal location and lacking anatomic or vascular connections with the pancreas. Ectopic pancreas, which usually does not cause symptoms, is found incidentally in the stomach, duodenum, small intestine,1 Meckel’s diverticulum,2 or biliary tract at upper endoscopy, upper GI contrast radiography, laparotomy, or autopsy.3,4 The frequency of ectopic pancreas has been estimated as 1 case per 500 explorations of the upper abdomen or 0.6% to 13.7% of autopsies.3-6 This is a case of a submucosal antral mass that was evaluated with EUS-guided fineneedle aspiration (FNA), which led to the diagnosis of ectopic pancreas.
Redefining Sudden Contact

In this article we address the premise that globalization leads to sudden contact and that sudden contact, in turn, dictates selective extinction. We argue that it is because of globalization that sudden contact is unlikely to occur in present-day interactions. We propose a refined definition of ‘sudden contact’, which finds its base in a more fluid conception of culture, and suggest that ‘sudden contact’ is most likely to occur at the personal level of meaning making. In light of our refined definition we argue that declines in diversity, at least in number, do not exist. Rather, we assert that while certain cultural ascriptions might be eliminated, new forms emerge to take their place, which not only serve the same culturally relevant function, but also allow for the retention of group diversity.
Credible interval estimates for official statistics with survey nonresponse

Government agencies commonly report official statistics based on survey data as point estimates, without accompanying measures of error. Agencies could measure sampling error using established statistical principles, but it is more challenging to measure nonsampling errors. This paper considers error due to survey nonresponse. The standard practice has been to use weights and imputations to implement assumptions that nonresponse is conditionally random. I review modern research deriving interval estimates that make no assumptions about the values of missing data. To demonstrate the implications for official statistics, I use data from the U.S. Current Population Survey to form interval estimates for median household income, the family poverty rate, and the unemployment rate. I then explore some of the middle ground between interval estimation making no assumptions and point estimation assuming that nonresponse is conditionally random.
Multilevel vehicle–dummy design optimization for mass and injury criteria minimization

A vehicle–dummy multidisciplinary design optimization problem is treated as a multilevel system composed of structural and occupant restraint system design elements. The vehicle-based responses and the dummy-based responses are obtained from nonlinear transient dynamic finite element simulations of full frontal impacts and side impacts. The wall thicknesses of a set of energy-absorbing components together with the occupant restraint system control parameters associated with the seat belt and the airbag are treated as design variables and used to optimize the multilevel system to minimize both the structural mass and the selected injury criteria. Each element optimization problem is modeled using the augmented Lagrangian with exponential penalty function formulation. A single-loop coordination strategy is used to solve the multilevel optimization problem. To maximize the computational efficiency, surrogate models are used to approximate the vehicle-based responses and the dummy-based responses. The results of the vehicle–dummy design problem are used to examine the computational efficiency and the accuracy of the decomposed multilevel optimization methodology.
Interactions Between Escherichia coli and Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens

SUMMARY. We investigated the interaction between Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Escherichia coli in cell cultures, embryonated eggs, and 8-wk-old chickens. We measured the interactions on the basis of bacterial adherence and NDV hemagglutination titer in chickens, chicken embryos, and chicken embryo cell culture. Depending on the inoculation order of E. coli, a significant alteration of the growth of NDV was observed in both chickens and chicken embryos. When certain strains of E. coli were given before NDV exposure, the virus titers were lowered. In chickens, the mean virus titer was significantly (P < 0.05) lowered in the crop, the proventriculus, the gizzard, and the jejunum. However, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two groups for NDV titers in the duodenum, ileum, and cecum. In chicken embryos, when E. coli serotypes O78 and O119:B14 were inoculated before NDV exposure, the mean NDV titers were significantly (P < 0.5) lowered. However, there were no significant differen...
Anatomization and protection of mobile apps' location privacy threats

Mobile users are becoming increasingly aware of the privacy threats resulting from apps' access of their location. Few of the solutions proposed thus far to mitigate these threats have been deployed as they require either app or platform modifications. Mobile operating systems (OSes) also provide users with location access controls. In this paper, we analyze the efficacy of these controls in combating the location-privacy threats. For this analysis, we conducted the first location measurement campaign of its kind, analyzing more than 1000 free apps from Google Play and collecting detailed usage of location by more than 400 location-aware apps and 70 Advertisement and Analytics (A&A) libraries from more than 100 participants over a period ranging from 1 week to 1 year. Surprisingly, 70% of the apps and the A&A libraries pose considerable profiling threats even when they sporadically access the user's location. Existing OS controls are found ineffective and inefficient in mitigating these threats, thus calling for a finer-grained location access control. To meet this need, we propose LP-Doctor, a light-weight user-level tool that allows Android users to effectively utilize the OS's location access controls while maintaining the required app's functionality as our userstudy (with 227 participants) shows.
A Scalable and Distributed Dynamic Formal Verifier for MPI Programs

Standard testing methods of MPI programs do not guarantee coverage of all non-deterministic interactions (e.g., wildcard-receives). Programs tested by these methods can have untested paths (bugs) that may become manifest unexpectedly. Previous formal dynamic verifiers cover the space of non-determinism but do not scale, even for small applications. We present DAMPI, the first dynamic analyzer for MPI programs that guarantees scalable coverage of the space of non-determinism through a decentralized algorithm based on Lamport-clocks. DAMPI computes alternative non-deterministic matches and enforces them in subsequent program replays. To avoid interleaving explosion, DAMPI employs heuristics to focus coverage to regions of interest. We show that DAMPI can detect deadlocks and resource-leaks in real applications. Our results on a wide range of applications using over a thousand processes, which is an order of magnitude larger than any previously reported results for MPI dynamic verification tools, demonstrate that DAMPI provides scalable, user-configurable testing coverage.
Self-control of digital temperature: physiological factors and transfer effects.

Two experiments were conducted in the present investigation. In the first, subjects receiving finger temperature feedback showed significant increases in digital temperature during the first 12 min of the first training session, an effect not shown by subjects receiving autogenic training, electromyograph feedback, or simple instructions to increase finger temperature. During five subsequent training sessions, significant temperature elevations were not shown by any group. During a post training test of voluntary control, only the temperature feedback group produced a significant elevation in digital temperature. In a second voluntary control test, conducted outside the laboratory, no temperature increases were found. It was hypothesized that finger temperature elevations produced during temperature feedback might be time limited or that excessive session length might impede training. Accordingly, a second experiment was performed in which training periods and session length were reduced. Temperature feedback subjects now consistently increased their finger temperature during training and without feedback, both inside and outside the laboratory. These effects were not shown by control subjects. It is concluded that consistent finger temperature elevations during training are necessary for generalization of this response outside the laboratory. Although relaxation was not necessary for temperature elevation in the laboratory, it might have enhanced this effect outside the laboratory setting.
The Effects of Precipitates and Mn-bearing Particles on the High Strain-Rate Compression of High Strength Aluminum

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and specialized dislocation-density based crystal-plasticity formulations and finite-element schemes were used to investigate the effects of nano-sized precipitates and micro-sized Mn-bearing particles on the behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys. By accurately representing crystallography and the morphology of the different precipitates, accurate predictions can be obtained that indicate that the nano-sized Ω and θ’ precipitates promote ductility and toughness by inhibiting shear-strain localization; whereas the micro-sized dispersed particles intensify localization. Collectively, the precipitates and dispersed particles, however, promote the strengthening of the alloy.
A Critical Reconstruction of Care-in-Action

This paper uses the findings of a critical ethnography studying the interactions of adult colleagues (Korth, 1998) to propose a critical approach to care theory and research. The argument proceeds from Jaggar’s (1995) critique of the scholarship on care. Her criticism voices concerns regarding the lack of attention to the justificatory potential of care research/theory and the over-dependence on particularities. This paper provides one set of responses capable of addressing these concerns and of reformulating the concerns into a more complex conceptualization of care. The resulting analysis implies a theory of care as a pragmaticcommunicative construct—one that is more precise, but compatible with the interpersonal rationality to which Noddings (1991) attributes caring. Care emerges as a communicative act with a complex but definitive horizon structure. Care did not reconstruct from on-going interactions as a simple intention, nor a feeling, nor anything extra-rational or non-rational. This approach to understanding caring locates Jaggar’s concerns within the interpretive life of interactants. The paper’s specific contributions include exemplifying a refined analysis of care-in-action, articulating a metatheory useful for the theory and study of care, introducing a typology of caring acts, demonstrating the critical potential of care research, and illustrating
Recreational use of the upper Clark Fork River and its tributaries

Hagmann, Carol A . , M.S., Summer, 1979 Forestry Recreational Use of the Upper Clark Fork River and I t s T r ib u ta r ies (92 pp.) D i rec to r : Robert R. Ream The primary purpose o f t h i s study was to determine the nature and extent o f recreat iona l use on the Upper Clark Fork River and i t s t r i b u ta r ie s . This study was requested by the Montana Depart­ ment o f Fish and Game in conjunct ion w i th i t s e f fo r t s to quant i fy the amount o f water needed fo r f i s h , w i l d l i f e and recreat ion in the Upper Clark Fork River. Observation o f recreat iona l use on the main r i v e r and i t s t r i ­ butar ies was made by d r iv in g roads p a ra l le l to the r i v e r , f l o a t in g sections o f the r i v e r , s i t t i n g at access points and f l i g h t s over the r i v e r . A l l recreat iona l use was noted and questionnaires were d is t r ib u te d to a l l recreat iona l users contacted. The observations and quest ionnaires provided information on the amount, type and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f use in the study area. Information on v i s i t o r s ' backgrounds, preferences and perceptions was also acquired. Recreational use on the t r i b u t a r ie s exceeded use on the Upper Clark Fork River. Fishing was the major a c t i v i t y in the study area. In add i t io n , a p l u r a l i t y o f re c re a t io n is ts rated the Upper Clark Fork River equal to many well-known Montana r ive rs .
Educational Policy and the Cultural Politics of Race: Introduction to the Special Issue

In this introduction to the special issue, the editors argue that struggles over the meaning(s) of race inform and are informed by educational policy deliberation and implementation. Educational po...
Scholl Cyclizations of Aryl Naphthalenes: Rearrangement Precedes Cyclization

In 1910, Scholl, Seer, and Weitzenbock reported the AlCl3-catalyzed cyclization of 1,1′-binaphthyl to perylene. We provide evidence that this classic organic name reaction proceeds through sequential and reversible formation of 1,2′- and 2,2′-binaphthyl isomers. Acid-catalyzed isomerization of 1,1′-binaphthyl to 2,2′-binaphthyl has been noted previously. The superacid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH), 1 M in dichloroethane, catalyzes these rearrangements, with slower cyclization to perylene. Minor cyclization products are benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[j]fluoranthene. At ambient temperature, the observed equilibrium ratio of 1,1′-binaphthyl, 1,2′-binaphthyl, and 2,2′-binaphthyl is <1:3:97. DFT calculations with the inclusion of solvation support a mechanistic scheme in which ipso-arenium ions are responsible for rearrangements; however, we cannot distinguish between arenium ion and radical cation mechanisms for the cyclization steps. Under similar reaction conditions, 1-phenylnaphthalene interconverts...
Checkpointing and rollback recovery in distributed systems: existing solutions, open issues and proposed solutions

Checkpointing and rollback recovery are well-established techniques for dealing with failures in distributed systems. In this paper, we briefly summarize the existing solution approaches to these problems and also discuss the open issues, suggested approaches and some preliminary work that we have done addressing the open issues.
Attachment of ribosomal complexes and retrograde scanning during initiation on the Halastavi árva virus IRES

Halastavi arva virus (HalV) has a positive-sense RNA genome, with an 827 nt-long 5' UTR and an intergenic region separating two open reading frames. Whereas the encoded proteins are most homologous to Dicistrovirus polyproteins, its 5' UTR is distinct. Here, we report that the HalV 5' UTR comprises small stem-loop domains separated by long single-stranded areas and a large A-rich unstructured region surrounding the initiation codon AUG828, and possesses cross-kingdom internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity. In contrast to most viral IRESs, it does not depend on structural integrity and specific interaction of a structured element with a translational component, and is instead determined by the unstructured region flanking AUG828. eIF2, eIF3, eIF1 and eIF1A promote efficient 48S initiation complex formation at AUG828, which is reduced ∼5-fold on omission of eIF1 and eIF1A. Initiation involves direct attachment of 43S preinitiation complexes within a short window at or immediately downstream of AUG828. 40S and eIF3 are sufficient for initial binding. After attachment, 43S complexes undergo retrograde scanning, strongly dependent on eIF1 and eIF1A. eIF4A/eIF4G stimulated initiation only at low temperatures or on mutants, in which areas surrounding AUG828 had been replaced by heterologous sequences. However, they strongly promoted initiation at AUG872, yielding a proline-rich oligopeptide.
Ab-initio adsorption study of chitosan on functionalized graphene: Critical role of van der waals interactions

We investigate the adsorption process of an organic biomolecule (chitosan) on epoxy-functionalized graphene using ab-initio density functional methods incorporating van-der-waals (vdW) interactions. The role of London dispersion force on the cohesive energy and conformal preference of the molecule is quantitatively elucidated. Functionalizing graphene with epoxy leads to weak hydrogen-bond interactions with chitosan. Binding energy values increase by over an order of magnitude after including vdW corrections, implying that dispersive interactions dominate the physisorption process. Conformal study show binding upto 30 kcal/mol when the molecule is oriented with the hydroxyl group approaching the functionalized graphene. Our study advances the promise of functionalized graphene for a variety of applications.
WAVELET ANALYSIS OF AIR-JET INJECTION STALL CONTROL EFFECTS IN AN AXI-CENTRIFUGAL GAS TURBINE ENGINE

In this paper, Multi-Resolution Modal Analyses (MRMA) on experimental data are presented to assess the stall-suppressant potential of air injection for an axi-centrifug al turbo-jet engine. Compact Harmonic Wavelets (CHW) are used in MRMA to analyze the rotating and axial modes at compressor Stage 1 and 2. Air injection tests on the engine were done with eight, almost equally spaced injectors in front of the compressor Stage 1. In stall/surge and air-injection open-loop tests, static pressure oscillations are recorded with eight fastresponse sensors at each compressor stage. The MRMA algorithm, applied to the sensed static-pressure oscillations, is capable of detecting pre-stall instabilities in the rotating and axial modes at more than 400 rotor revolutions before stall/surge. It also yields accurate estimates for the open-loop frequency response of the modes under air-injection. The results reveal a high coherence in modal responses to jetvalves actuation, high transfer gains, and reliable position tracking of the rotating modes. The frequency response of mode amplitudes are also reliably predictable by the MRMA methods. Effective stall suppression with air injection is feasible with either a linear scheme on the modal spatial Fourier coefficients (SFC) or on their amplitude. The MRMA results also suggest that, to effectively suppress stall in this engine it is necessary to control not only the rotating modes, but also the axial mode.
Decomposition of bipartite graphs into paths

(1988). Decomposition of Bipartite Graphs Into Paths. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 95, No. 7, pp. 634-636.
Bilirubin binding to hepatic Y and Z protein (ligandin): tissue bilirubin concentrations in phenobarbital treated Gunn rats (38466).

SummaryNaP treatment significantly reduced plasma bilirubin levels in the (jj) Gunn rat. It is suggested that NaP significantly increased extravascular bilirubin binding in the liver by induction of the synthesis of Y anion binding protein. The changes in bilirubin concentration of blood and other tissues subsequent to NaP treatment were consistent with the establishment of a new tissue bilirubin equilibrium.The authors are grateful to Kathy Wise and Richard Brant for their technical assistance.
Infusion Center, Office, and Home

Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) administered in an infusion center often offers the advantages but not the expense of the hospital setting. Office-based OPAT maintains the physician-patient relationship but may be impractical for the physician. Home administration is ideal for selected patients, but when it is provided by an infusion company, the physician may be sidestepped.
Playing for Real

In a story entitled ‘The Hitchhiking Game’ the Czech writer Milan Kundera describes a young couple setting out for their two-week vacation in the Tatras Mountains.2 During a stop at a service station the girl, who is very shy but impulsive, leaves the car, walks down the road and, pretending to be a stranger, thumbs a ride from her boyfriend. They develop the game as they drive, improvising roles opposite to their personalities. She becomes ‘an artful seductress’, ‘a role out of trashy literature’, and he plays ‘the tough guy who treats women to the coarser aspects of his masculinity’ (10). The fiction arouses and fascinates them to the point that it takes over their behaviour. Instead of continuing to drive on to the Tatras the young man turns off in another direction, and they end up for the night in the only hotel of an unfamiliar town. Over dinner they intensify the role-playing, which by now is aggressively erotic. The young man takes the girl to their room, pays her money and demands that she strip for him. But when she stands there naked, expecting that now they will drop the roles and make love as their real selves, the young man forces the game to its end, taking her as if she were a whore — while she discovers to her horror ‘that she had never known & so much pleasure as at this moment’ (25).
Design and analysis of parallel file downloading algorithms in peer-to-peer networks

It is well known that the method of parallel downloading can be used to reduce file download times in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. There has been little investigation on parallel download and chunk allocation for source peers with random service capacities. The main contribution of this paper is to address the problem of efficient parallel file download in P2P networks with random service capacities. A precise analysis of the expected download time is given when the service capacity of a source peer is a random variable. A general framework is developed for analyzing the expected download time of a parallel download and chunk allocation algorithm, and is applied to the analysis of several algorithms. Two chunk allocation algorithms for parallel download are proposed. It is observed that the performance of parallel download can be significantly improved by using the method of probing high-capacity peers. One such algorithm is proposed and its expected parallel download time is analyzed. The performance of these parallel file download algorithms in P2P networks with random service capacities are compared. The above parallel download algorithms are extended to multiple file download by dividing source peers into clusters. It is noticed that there is an important issue of optimal parallelism which minimizes the combined effect of intracluster and intercluster overhead of parallel download and load imbalance.
Tissue Factor-Driven Enhanced Platelet Aggregation in Flowing Blood in a Rabbit Model of Childhood Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.

The Dutch belted rabbit constitutes a promising animal model of the childhood hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS; A. Garcia, J. Infect. Dis. 2002). When Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli are administered orally, these rabbits develop HUS. Platelet-fibrin thrombus formation in this model was examined on unfixed renal tissue (5 μm sections) after mounting on 150-μm glass slides in test animal-control animal pairs. Normal donor blood, collected into 4U/ml low MW heparin and 10 μM quinacrine dihydrochoride, was drawn at shear rates of 270–650 sec-1 through a parallel-plate flow chamber for which one surface was one of the above slides. Such shear rates give rise to shear stresses which approach the 20–25 dynes/cm 2 estimated to exist in glomerular arterioles. Platelets depositing on the sections were imaged in real time using epifluorescence digital videomicroscopy, with quantitation of adherent platelets via image processing. For 16 pairs of test and control sections, the percent of image pixels occupied by adherent platelets after 6–9 min of blood flow was 17.7 ± 3.06 (mean ± SD) for test sections vs 5.71 ± 5.18 for controls (P
Mitigation of Exterior Beam Rotation in Bridge Construction Through Experimental Investigation of Different Bracing Systems

Bridge contractors use different bracing systems to prevent exterior girder rotation in bridge construction. The reason behind this rotation is the unbalanced eccentric loads induced from loading the deck overhang, which can cause excessive twisting in the exterior girders and excessive overhang deflections. This situation can lead to several problems during construction and over the life of the bridge. Contractors traditionally use block-and-tie systems, which are formed by a combination of tie bars and timber blocks, to mitigate exterior girder rotation. However, block-and-tie systems do not always perform as expected and their efficiency to prevent rotation not yet been evaluated. This paper investigates current block-and-tie systems and presents an analysis of improved rotation prevention systems that can be implemented in the field. Both the block-and-tie systems and the new proposed bracing alternatives were tested in a twin steel girder system [1.8 m × 4.6 m (6 ft. × 15 ft.)] that simulated a steel girder bridge bay. The prototype was eccentrically loaded at mid span through the application of a vertical load in a bracket which was mounted in one of the girders, simulating the loading from the bridge overhang. Forty-five bracing combinations were tested by varying the number of bracing elements and the spacing between them and obtaining girder rotation corresponding to the mid span of the loaded girder. The forty-five cases were divided into nine different groups to allow a clear and easy comparison between bracing alternatives. The results show very promising potential replacements of the current temporary bracing systems which, in many cases, offer minimal protection against exterior girder rotation.
Characterization of Microbial Inactivation Using Plasma-Activated Water and Plasma-Activated Acidified Buffer.

ABSTRACT This work investigates the efficacy of plasma-activated water (PAW) and plasma-activated acidified buffer (PAAB) on Enterobacter aerogenes in aqueous system and fruit systems. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in PAW have been suggested to provide antimicrobial and acidifying effects, causing the pH of treated water to drop. To isolate the effect of pH in microbial inactivation and to study the interactive effects of pH and reactive species on microbial inactivation, a citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 3.1) and PAAB (citrate-phosphate) were studied. A 1.92 ± 0.70 log CFU/mL reduction in E. aerogenes was observed in PAW, while no reduction was achieved in the buffer, suggesting that the inactivation was due to the reactive species in PAW and not the acidic pH. PAAB achieved a 5.11 ± 0.63 log CFU/mL reduction, suggesting an interactive effect of reactive species and low pH. Electrical conductivity and oxidation-reduction potential measurements suggest potential mechanisms for the greater antimicrobia...
Sparse deformable models with application to cardiac motion analysis

Deformable models have been widely used with success in medical image analysis. They combine bottom-up information derived from image appearance cues, with top-down shape-based constraints within a physics-based formulation. However, in many real world problems the observations extracted from the image data often contain gross errors, which adversely affect the deformation accuracy. To alleviate this issue, we introduce a new family of deformable models that are inspired from compressed sensing, a technique for efficiently reconstructing a signal based on its sparseness in some domain. In this problem, we employ sparsity to represent the outliers or gross errors, and combine it seamlessly with deformable models. The proposed new formulation is applied to the analysis of cardiac motion, using tagged magnetic resonance imaging (tMRI), where the automated tagging line tracking results are very noisy due to the poor image quality. Our new deformable models track the heart motion robustly, and the resulting strains are consistent with those calculated from manual labels.
Conventions and Interpretation

Conventions of discourse, like bodily habits and social roles, guide beings along narrow enclosed paths. Interpretation opens up these well-worn ways by breaking new ground and providing new directions. It opens the closure of convention by disclosing new ways of seeing and being. However, the standardization of interpretation in turn conventionalizes it, making the once new routine. I will explore this dialectics of closing and opening, of convention and interpretation, by pointing out through interpretation ways in which Lindseth’s constructions in his chapter have been unnecessarily narrowed by convention. This is most evident in his treatment of science. I will consider several ways in which his discourse could be opened around this topic before proceeding to broaden Lindseth’s ideas on hermeneutics and psychoanalysis.
The Impact of Agent Orange Exposure on Prostate Cancer Outcomes

Purpose:In this study we explored the effect of Agent Orange exposure on prostate cancer survival in VA (Veterans Affairs) patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy for advanced prostate cancer.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively examined the association between Agent Orange exposure in men with prostate cancer in national VA databases who were being treated with androgen deprivation therapy. Patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer from 2000 to 2008 with followup through May 2016. Clinical, pathological and demographic variables were compared by Agent Orange exposure. Associations of Agent Orange with overall survival, skeletal related events and cancer specific survival were performed using adjusted Cox proportional hazard models after IPSW (inverse propensity score weighted) adjustment.Results:Overall 87,344 patients were identified. The 3,475 Agent Orange exposed patients were younger (p <0.001), had lower prostate specific antigen (p = 0.002) and were more likely to receive local thera...
Risk Factors Associated with Linkage to Care among Suburban Hepatitis C-Positive Baby Boomers and Injection Drug Users

Suffolk County, located in Eastern Long Island, has been an epicenter for the opioid epidemic in New York State, yet no studies have examined hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence in this population. Additionally, few studies have assessed barriers for linkage to care (LTC) to HCV treatment in people who inject drugs (PWID), a high-risk HCV cohort. We aimed to determine prevalence of HCV infection in a suburban medical center and to assess risk factors associated with LTC in HCV-positive baby boomers and young PWID. A retrospective chart review was carried out on adult patients with ICD-9/10 diagnostic codes for HCV from January 2016 to December 2018 at Stony Brook Medicine. Data collected included sociodemographics, RNA serostatus, LTC, health insurance, employment, past medical or psychiatric history, and substance or injection drug use. Overall, 27,049 individuals were screened for HCV and 1017 were HCV seropositive (3.8%), 437 (42.9%) were HCV RNA-positive and 153 (40.6%) achieved LTC. In multivariate analysis, living with cirrhosis was associated with a positive LTC. Medicaid or Medicare insurance was associated with a negative LTC. Intravenous drug users were more likely to be young and have concomitant polysubstance use and psychiatric disease. A bimodal distribution of HCV-positives is present in our population. Those with liver cirrhosis are more likely to achieve LTC, as are those with private insurance. Public health efforts to promote awareness of HCV and to facilitate access to treatment among PWID are needed.
The role of teachers' depressive symptoms in classroom quality and child developmental outcomes in Early Head Start programs

Abstract The present study examined whether teachers' depressive symptoms are directly and indirectly associated with children's social-emotional and language development in the context of Early Head Start (EHS) center-based programs. We used the EHS Family and Child Experiences Study (i.e., Baby FACES 2009) with a sample of 275 toddlers and 197 teachers in 72 programs. Among the current sample of EHS teachers, the prevalence of teachers' depressive symptoms was low. Teachers with higher levels of depressive symptoms tended to report that they have toddlers with more behavior problems in the classroom after controlling for several child, family, and teacher characteristics. We also found a significant association between teachers' depressive symptoms and observed levels of Emotional and Behavioral Support (EBS) in classrooms. EBS is significantly associated with teacher-rated child behavior problems. However, teachers' depressive symptoms are not significantly associated with Engaged Support for Learning (ESL). There is no mediational link for the association of teachers' depressive symptoms with any developmental outcomes via its association with EBS or ESL. Although incidence of clinical levels of depressive symptoms was low in this sample, overall depressive symptoms were associated with classroom quality and children's behavior problems, suggesting the importance of intervention and prevention strategies for practitioners and policy makers to improve teachers' mental health and classroom quality systematically in EHS.
65 MRI-based predictive factors of axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer

Objectives To determine the accuracy of MRI in detecting axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) metastases preoperatively and to define predictive characteristics of ALN involvement in patients with invasive breast cancer. Methods Breast MR (3 Tesla) examinations of 169 patients with invasive breast cancer were reviewed at Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital. Morphological parameters in addition to apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value were compared with pathological nodal status. Results The sensitivity and specificity of MRI in detecting ALN involvement were 87.5% and 55.6% respectively. The negative and positive predictive value of MRI was 81.64% and 66.34% respectively. The mean size of metastatic ALN was larger than that of negative ALN (13.9 mm vs. 10.9 mm, p = 0.000). ALNs larger than 12 mm were associated with higher risk of metastases (p = 0.000). The asymmetry of size between ipsilateral and contralateral ALNs was more significant in positive ALNs on pathology (p= 0.008 vs. 0.043). In a univariate analysis, the round shape of ALN, loss of fatty hilum, irregular contours and hypo-intensity/heterogeneous intensity on T2-weighted sequence were significantly predictive of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000 for the four characteristics). In a multivariate analysis, only the round shape of lymph node and the hypo-intensity/heterogeneous intensity on T2-weighted sequence were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.01 and p=0,018 respectively). The ADC value of ALN did not aid the differentiation between benign and metastatic lymph nodes (p= 0.862). Conclusions Conventional MRI using the ALN shape and the signal intensity in T2-weighted sequences can evaluate the axilla with high sensitivity.
Epigenetic Modulation Leads to Re-Expression of Relapse Specific Silenced Genes and Induces Chemosensitivity in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL),

Abstract 3455 Introduction: The poor outcome of patients with ALL who relapse and the frequent failure of conventional salvage strategies mandate novel treatment approaches. Previous work from our laboratory led to the discovery that the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat could effectively reverse the expression of a relapse-specific gene signature and restore blast chemosensitivity in vitro (Bhatla et al ASH 2010 #3630, ASPHO 2011 # 302D). We now have also performed genome wide DNA methylation profiling in 33 matched diagnosis/relapsed paired marrow samples by Infinium Human Methylation27 Beadchip array obtained from patients enrolled on Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocols and observed that blasts at relapse are significantly more methylated compared those at diagnosis (p 1.1=antagonism, 0.9–1.1=additive and <0.90=synergy. Results: Following treatment with decitabine, we observed a 2–200 fold increase in expression by qRT-PCR, of the genes which were differentially hypermethylated and downregulated at relapse (CDKN2A, PTPRO, COL6A2, GATA4, WT1, APC and HOXA9) in primary samples and the Reh and UOCB1 leukemia cell lines. Further, MSP confirmed the enrichment of U: M amplicon ratio by 1.5 to 3 fold in these genes after decitabine treatment in cell lines. Cytotoxicity assays revealed additive or synergistic effects when primary samples and B-lineage cell lines were treated sequentially with decitabine followed by conventional chemotherapeutic agents (CI=0.5–1.05). Moreover, we observed that pretreatment with vorinostat and decitabine followed by chemotherapeutic agents had the most robust cell kill compared to any other combination (CI=0.2–0.5). Conclusions: Decitabine leads to re-expression of genes shown to be preferentially methylated at relapse and is synergistic when applied prior to conventional chemotherapy. Combination therapy with vorinostat results in maximal cell kill in cell lines and primary patient samples. Targeted epigenetic therapy with agents such as decitabine and vorinostat may be a promising approach to the treatment of relapsed ALL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Addressing Anti-Fat Bias in Psychology: Education and Resistance

This is a commentary on Ward and McPhail’s (2019) article “Fat Shame and Blame in Reproductive Care: Implications for Ethical Health Care Interactions.” Here I note the importance of good mental he...
Sorafenib treatment of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells: Differential effects on gene expression and cell death pathways

15612 Background: The von Hippel Lindau gene (VHL) is often mutated in CCRCC and leads to loss of VHL protein (pVHL) expression. Sorafenib is a TKI with clinical activity in metastatic CCRCC. Studi...