cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Value of Licensed Clinical Social Worker Pre-Implant Assessment in Predicting Non-Compliance in Durable Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Patients

Purpose Patient (pt) compliance is vital to the success of durable mechanical circulatory support (DMCS). During acute decompensation of heart failure, Advanced Heart Failure Centers are tasked with making timely decisions regarding candidacy for DMCS. History of non-compliance (NC) and predicting future NC can be difficult to assess during this acute phase. Licensed Clinical Social Workers (LCSW) assess pts pre-implant for possible NC after DMCS. The purpose of this study is to determine whether LCSW pre-implant assessment is effective in predicting NC after DMCS and whether this is affected by a history of substance abuse. Methods Between 2007-2018, our LCSWs evaluated 255 pts prior to DMCS and assessed them as low risk vs high risk for NC. After DMCS, NC was defined as exhibiting one of the following: Missed > 3 clinic appointments or 3 lab draws, or documentation of not taking medications correctly or not following MD instructions > 3 occasions. The DMCS pts were divided into Compliant vs Non-Compliant and compared by LCSW pre-implant risk assessment. In addition, the NC pts were divided by those with a history of substance abuse vs those without. Results Following DMCS, there were 219 Compliant pts and 36 NC pts. LCSWs pre-implant risk assessment (use of SIPAT tool in addition to adherence/substance abuse history) identified 41.7% of NC pts as high risk (for NC) while only 6.7% of Compliant pts were noted to be high risk pre-implant. For those NC pts, the additional risk of a history of substance abuse further increased the accuracy of the LCSW pre-implant risk assessment. (See Table) Conclusion Our current LCSW pre-implant risk assessment appears effective in predicting NC in our DMCS patient population. Advanced Heart Failure Centers can use this data (high risk for NC after DMCS) for decision making when considering pts for DMCS or for more aggressive interventional techniques to prevent NC after DMCS placement.
Gold in medicine: a review of its use in the West before 1900.

It was natural that the exceptional properties of gold and the mystique surrounding the metal should induce man to seek medicinal applications for it. These attempts met with no apparent success until a few decades ago, when the efficacy of gold compounds in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was confirmed. Nevertheless, they form an important, and sometimes colourful, part of the history of pharmacology and medicine.
Goal-Driven Beam Setting Optimization for Whole-Breast Radiation Therapy:

Purpose:To develop an automated optimization program to generate optimal beam settings for whole-breast radiation therapy driven by clinically oriented goals.Materials and Methods:Forty patients we...
Early Intraprosthetic Dislocation of a Dual Mobility Acetabular Construct after Total Hip Arthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION The concept of a dual mobility (DM) cup has been in existence for more than 40 years and was initially popularized in Europe. Only recently has it started to garner attention in the United States. Its design, consisting of a small femoral head articulating within a larger polyethylene (PE) insert, which articulates with an outer shell, has found increasing use in patients that are at risk for post-operative dislocations. This case report describes a case of recurrent total hip arthroplasty (THA) dislocation managed with the implantation of a DM cup with an acute intraprosthetic dislocation of the DM construct. CASE REPORT A 52-year-old woman underwent an uneventful left THA through a posterior approach. Within 6 weeks of her surgery, she had four dislocations, managed with closed reductions. She then underwent an open revision of her acetabular component with conversion to a DM construct. 5 weeks after her revision, she had another dislocation treated with closed reduction in the operating room, with the resultant eccentric location of the femoral head in the acetabular component. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed intraprosthetic dislocation with the PE liner lodged in the gluteal tissue. She was taken to the operating room with a plan to revise her acetabular component to another DM construct, but with an increase in the anteversion despite initial anteversion being "appropriate" on CT imaging. Intraoperatively, the PE liner was embedded in gluteal tissue as depicted on the CT. The abductors were intact. There was no impingement in extension and maximal external rotation when trialed with a conventional head/liner construct. A new DM construct was then implanted. CONCLUSION Intraprosthetic dislocation is a rare occurrence and unique complication to DM constructs. It is not common in the short-term setting postoperatively to our knowledge, and this case report represents an early report of intraprosthetic dislocation in the literature. Care should be taken during reduction of dislocated DM constructs to avoid intraprosthetic dislocations. Open revisions can be managed with revisions to another DM construct or to a constrained liner construct to maximize stability.
Flavored E-cigarette Use and Progression of Vaping in Adolescents

OBJECTIVES: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are available in nontraditional flavors (eg, fruit and candy) that are banned in combustible cigarettes in the United States. Whether adolescent use of e-cigarettes in nontraditional flavors prospectively predicts continuation of vaping and progression to more frequent vaping is unknown. METHODS: High school students in Los Angeles, California, completed 5 semiannual surveys (2014–2017 [10th grade to 12th grade]). Among past-6-month e-cigarette users at survey waves 1 to 4 (N = 478), e-cigarette flavor (or flavors) used was coded into 2 mutually exclusive categories at each wave (use of ≥1 nontraditional flavors [fruit, candy, sweet or dessert, buttery, blends or combinations, and other] versus exclusive use of tobacco, menthol or mint, or flavorless). Flavor used during waves 1 to 4 was modeled as a time-varying, time-lagged regressor of vaping status and frequency outcomes 6 months later at waves 2 to 5. RESULTS: Across waves 1 to 4, there were 739 (93.8%) observations of nontraditional-flavor use and 49 (6.2%) observations of exclusive use of tobacco, mint or menthol, or flavorless e-cigarettes. Use of e-cigarettes in nontraditional flavors (versus only tobacco, mint or menthol, or flavorless) was positively associated with vaping continuation (64.3% vs 42.9%; adjusted odds ratio = 3.76 [95% confidence interval 1.20 to 10.31]) and past-30-day number of puffs per nicotine vaping episode (mean: 3.1 [SD 5.5] vs 1.5 [SD 3.8]; adjusted rate ratio = 2.41 [95% confidence interval 1.08 to 5.92]) 6 months later. Flavor used was not associated with the subsequent number of past-30-day vaping days or episodes per day. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents who vaped e-cigarettes in nontraditional flavors, compared with those who exclusively vaped tobacco-flavored, mint- or menthol-flavored, or flavorless e-cigarettes, were more likely to continue vaping and take more puffs per vaping occasion 6 months later.
Modeling a new dynamic approach to measure intraocular pressure with solitary waves.

Abstract Glaucoma is an age-related disease and the second cause of blindness in the world. The measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is the cornerstone of glaucoma treatment because elevated IOP is the only risk factor that can be modified. Clinical evidences proved that single measurements obtained during office visits are neither sufficient to capture the circadian rhythm of IOP nor valid to demonstrate the effect of medication or patients’ compliance to a given therapy. As such, patients would benefit from a device that they can self-administer to gage the IOP multiple times a day. In this paper, we present a numerical study on a new approach to measure IOP noninvasively using engineering principles never explored in ophthalmology. The method relies on the dynamical interaction between the solitary waves propagating within a chain of particles and the eye to be evaluated that is in contact with the end of the chain. In the study presented in this paper, a numerical model of such interaction was implemented to demonstrate the sensitivity of the proposed approach to the variation of IOP. The findings show that some features of the waves are monotonically dependent on the IOP. These findings may pave the way to the development of a new kind of tonometer that will enable millions of glaucoma patients to perform routine self-measurements of the eye pressure without clinical visits.
Comparison of echocardiographic parameters with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of right ventricular function.

INTRODUCTION The right ventricle (RV) strain measured by speckle tracking (RVS) is an echocardiographic parameter used to assess RV function. We compared RVS to RV fractional area change (FAC%), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and Doppler tissue imaging-derived peak systolic velocity (S') in the assessment of right ventricular (RV) systolic function measured using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We enrolled consecutive patients who underwent cardiac MRI between Jan 2012 and Dec 2017 and a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) within 1 month of the MRI with no interval event. Baseline clinical characteristics and MRI parameters were extracted from chart review. Echocardiographic parameters were measured prospectively. TTE parameters including RVS, TAPSE, S', and FAC% were tested for accuracy to identify impaired RV EF (EF < 45% & <30%) using receiver operator curves. RESULTS The study cohort included 500 patients with mean age 55 years ± 18 and peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity 2.7 ± 1.4 m/s. The area under ROC for RVS was 0.69 (95% CI 0.63-0.75) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.70-0.88) to predict RVEF < 45% & RVEF < 30%, respectively. The RV FAC% had second highest accuracy of predicting RVEF among all the TTE parameters tested in study. CONCLUSION Right ventricular strain is the most accurate echocardiographic method to detect impaired right ventricular systolic function when using MRI as the gold standard.
Interview with Professor John Willinsky

John Willinsky began his career in education and working to improve the methods by which students learn. He moved to Stanford, eventually becoming the Associate Dean for Student Affairs, as well as the Khosla Family Professor of Education. His research encompasses literary theory, curriculum theory, lexicography, and European imperialism. However, his most recent work surrounds copyright law and increasing accessibility for students worldwide.
Next-Generation Scholarship: Rebranding Hematopathology Using Twitter: The MD Anderson Experience

Hematopathologists are witnessing very exciting times, as a new era of unsurpassed technological advances is unfolding exponentially, enhancing our understanding of diseases at the genomic and molecular levels. In the evolving field of precision medicine, our contributions as hematopathologists to medical practice are of paramount importance. Social media platforms such as Twitter have helped facilitate and enrich our professional interactions and collaborations with others in our field and in other medical disciplines leading to a more holistic approach to patient care. These platforms also have created a novel means for instantaneous dissemination of new findings and recent publications, and are proving to be increasingly useful tools that can be harnessed to expand our knowledge and amplify our presence in the medical community. In this Editorial, we share our experience as hematopathologists with Twitter, and how we leveraged this platform to boost scholarly activities within and beyond our subspecialty, and as a powerful medium for worldwide dissemination of educational material and to promote our remote teaching activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ACOs and Bending the Cost Curve for Health Care Spending for People with Kidney Failure

The US government spends more than $45 billion annually on the care of Medicare beneficiaries with kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplantation ([1][1]). Over the past decade, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has implemented a series of value-based payment initiatives to reduce
Did the Reserve Requirement Increases of 1936-1937 Reduce Bank Lending? Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment

We analyze the impact of contractionary monetary policy through increases in reserve requirements on bank lending. We compare the lending behavior of banks that were subject to the requirement increases in 1936-1937, Federal Reserve member banks, to a group of banks that were not subject to the reserve increase, Federal Reserve nonmember banks. After implementing the difference-in-difference estimators, we find that the increases in reserve requirements did not create financing constraints for member banks and lead them to reduce lending. Therefore, the actions of the Federal Reserve concerning the required reserve ratios cannot be blamed for instigating the economic downturn of 1937-38.
Does dehydration prior to primary total joint arthroplasty increase risk of perioperative complications

Prior studies have suggested that preoperative dehydration increases odds of perioperative complications in several areas of orthopedic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative hydration status is associated with the incidence of short-term complications after primary total joint arthroplasty. The 2012–2019 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used to explore the relationship between preoperative dehydration (ratio of preoperative BUN divided by preoperative Creatinine (BUN/Creatinine) > 20) and perioperative outcomes of total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. Univariate comparisons and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify specific complications that occurred more often in patients with preoperative dehydration. Of 188,629 THA and 332,485 TKA patients, 46.3 and 47.0% had preoperative dehydration, respectively. After controlling for demographics and comorbidities, dehydrated THA patients were no more likely to experience a complication compared to their non-dehydrated counterparts (relative risk [RR] = 0.97, 99.7% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.92–1.03, P = 0.138) nor increased risk of blood transfusion (RR = 1.02, CI = 0.96–1.08, P = 0.408). Similar to THA patients, dehydrated TKA patients were not more likely to have a complication after surgery (RR = 0.97, CI = 0.92–1.03, P = 0.138) and were at no greater risk of transfusion (RR = 1.02, CI = 0.96–1.07, P = 0.408). A sub-analysis covering only patients with BUN and Cr values determined within 24 h after surgery was performed and similarly found no significant increase in perioperative complications or transfusion. Overall, preoperative dehydration in patients undergoing THA/TKA did not appear to increase risk of transfusion or other perioperative complications. Further research is needed to characterize the role of hydration prior to elective total joint arthroplasty.
Footwork Patterns and Practice

(1974). Footwork Patterns and Practice. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 35-39.
Erratum to: Prostate Cancer

Editors’ note: All TNM stage and stage groups referred to elsewhere in this chapter reflect the 2002 AJCC staging nomenclature unless otherwise noted as the new system below was published after this chapter was written.
Abbott, AIDS, and the ADA: Why a per se Disability Rule for HIV/AIDS is Both Just and a Must

HIV/AIDS should be classified as a per se disability under the Americans with Disablities Act. Such a ruling is justified by the plain language of the act itself, legislative history, administrative regulations, and court precedent. Absent such a ruling, individuals with HIV must demonstrate that they have (1) an mental or physical impairment, (2) that substantially limits (3) a major life activity. While most courts to address the applicability of the ADA to individuals with HIV/AIDS have found that such individuals are disabled because HIV impairs the major life activity of reproduction, such an interpretation leaves open the possibility that courts may refuse to classify those otherwise not interested in or capable of reproduction, arguably including homosexuals, as falling beyond the scope of the ADA's protection.
An efficient and resilient ultra-high speed galvanic data isolator leveraging broad-band multi resonant tank electro-magnetic coupling

A novel technology for galvanic data isolation is demonstrated. The integrated high-speed isolated data transfer system-in-package (SIP) supports a maximum data-rate of 2.5Gbps at ∼20pJ/bit and is resilient to common-mode-transients (CMTs) >150kV/μs at speeds 3X in immunity to CMT [2], [3].
The Turing Test

The structure of the Turing Test debates has been diagrammed into seven large posters containing over 800 major claims, rebuttals, and counterrebuttals. This “mapping” of the debates is explained and discussed.
A remotely accessed micro controller laboratory

A great deal of interest has focused on the "anytime-anywhere" aspects of study. This paper describes a simple laboratory system that allows students to perform experiments utilizing a micro controller board over the Internet. The micro controller board and data acquisition hardware are installed on a server machine. The student can connect to this machine and control the system directly from a Web browser or from a simple free program that is installed on the local machine.
Transplantation of ureters to rectosigmoid & cystectomy for exstrophy of bladder report of seventy-six cases☆

Abstract The results obtained in transplantation of ureters to the rectosigmoid and removal of the exstrophied bladder in a group of 76 patients operated on at The Mayo Clinic are reported. The method of transplantations was first used by C. H. Mayo in February, 1912; he applied Coffey's principle of submucous duct transplantation to the ureter. The operative procedures have been divided into three stages : (i) transplantation of the right ureter into the rectosigmoid, (2) two weeks later transplantation of the left ureter, and (3) ten days later removal of the exstrophied bladder. In none of those cases were ureteral catheters used in the transplantation. Three patients died in the hospital subsequent to operation. Twenty-seven patients have lived five years since the operation, and thirteen have lived ten years. Results were unsatisfactory in only 3 cases. In $o per cent of the cases there was no evidence of renal infection. In 21 per cent there were short periods of mild renal infection; the interval between such periods in most cases was many months, sometimes years. The infection, too, was mild and apparently had little effect on the patient. The use of compounds such as uroselectan, or skiodan, intravenously, has made possible the study of renal function as well as of the outline of the renal pelvis and ureter in many of these cases. The use of this method and other methods of study of renal function leads to the belief that renal function is normal and that there is no dilatation of the pelvis, calices or ureters in cases in which the ureterosigmoidal transplantation is accurately carried out.
Ion transport controlled by nanoparticle-functionalized membranes

From proton exchange membranes in fuel cells to ion channels in biological membranes, the well-specified control of ionic interactions in confined geometries profoundly influences the transport and selectivity of porous materials. Here we outline a versatile new approach to control a membrane's electrostatic interactions with ions by depositing ligand-coated nanoparticles around the pore entrances. Leveraging the flexibility and control by which ligated nanoparticles can be synthesized, we demonstrate how ligand terminal groups such as methyl, carboxyl and amine can be used to tune the membrane charge density and control ion transport. Further functionality, exploiting the ligands as binding sites, is demonstrated for sulfonate groups resulting in an enhancement of the membrane charge density. We then extend these results to smaller dimensions by systematically varying the underlying pore diameter. As a whole, these results outline a previously unexplored method for the nanoparticle functionalization of membranes using ligated nanoparticles to control ion transport.
Diversifying Selection Underlies the Origin of Allozyme Polymorphism at the Phosphoglucose Isomerase Locus in Tigriopus californicus

The marine copepod Tigriopus californicus lives in intertidal rock pools along the Pacific coast, where it exhibits strong, temporally stable population genetic structure. Previous allozyme surveys have found high frequency private alleles among neighboring subpopulations, indicating that there is limited genetic exchange between populations. Here we evaluate the factors responsible for the diversification and maintenance of alleles at the phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) locus by evaluating patterns of nucleotide variation underlying previously identified allozyme polymorphism. Copepods were sampled from eleven sites throughout California and Baja California, revealing deep genetic structure among populations as well as genetic variability within populations. Evidence of recombination is limited to the sample from Pescadero and there is no support for linkage disequilibrium across the Pgi locus. Neutrality tests and codon-based models of substitution suggest the action of natural selection due to elevated non-synonymous substitutions at a small number of sites in Pgi. Two sites are identified as the charge-changing residues underlying allozyme polymorphisms in T. californicus. A reanalysis of allozyme variation at several focal populations, spanning a period of 26 years and over 200 generations, shows that Pgi alleles are maintained without notable frequency changes. Our data suggest that diversifying selection accounted for the origin of Pgi allozymes, while McDonald-Kreitman tests and the temporal stability of private allozyme alleles suggests that balancing selection may be involved in the maintenance of amino acid polymorphisms within populations.
The thorny problem of dyskinesias: dendritic spines, synaptic plasticity, and striatal dysfunction.

Abnormal involuntary movements, particularly levodopainduced dyskinesia (LID) and antipsychotic drug-elicited tardive dyskinesia, are among the most difficult to manage adverse effects associated with the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and schizophrenia, respectively. The mechanisms underlying dyskinesias in levodopa-treated PD have been studied for decades. Over this time, there has been a gradual shift from a focus on mechanisms associated with surviving dopamine (presynaptic) neurons to changes in dopaminoceptive cells in the striatum. The medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum account for more than 90% of striatal neurons. Medium spiny neurons share a common morphology of medium-sized cell bodies with radially extending dendrites that are richly invested with dendritic spines, the thorny excrescences noted by Santiago Ramon y Cajal in the late 18th century. Displaying his usual brilliant ability to predict functional correlates of his structural observations, Cajal suggested that these spines were the site of interaction between presynaptic axons and their postsynaptic targets, and today it is clear that the dendritic spine is the primary site at which
In vitro Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage by Human Nucleotide Excision Repair System: Possible Explanation for Neurodegeneration in Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients fail to remove pyrimidine dimers caused by sunlight and, as a consequence, develop multiple cancers in areas exposed to light. The second most common sign, present in 20–30% of XP patients, is a set of neurological abnormalities caused by neuronal death in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neural tissue is shielded from sunlight-induced DNA damage, so the cause of neurodegeneration in XP patients remains unexplained. In this study, we show that two major oxidative DNA lesions, 8-oxoguanine and thymine glycol, are excised from DNA in vitro by the same enzyme system responsible for removing pyrimidine dimers and other bulky DNA adducts. Our results suggest that XP neurological disease may be caused by defective repair of lesions that are produced in nerve cells by reactive oxygen species generated as by-products of an active oxidative metabolism.
Modeling and identification of material parameters in coupled torsion and bending

We present a model for coupled torsion and bending in a damped beam with tip body which has been successfully used in experimental studies. A general abstract framework for well-posedness, approximation and parameter identification is given; this framework contains the torsion/bending model as a special case. Sample computational results for simulation studies with the model in identification of parameters such as linear mass density, stiffness, torsional rigidity and damping (bending and torsional) using vibrational data are also given.
Bosentan Inhibits Transient Receptor Potential Channel Expression in Pulmonary Vascular Myocytes

Bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor blocker, has been used clinically to treat idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). However, the mechanism of its antiproliferative effect on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) remains unclear. A rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ stimulates PASMC proliferation and the canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels are an important pathway for Ca2+ entry during PASMC proliferation. Bosentan (20–50 μM) significantly inhibited endothelin-1– or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)–mediated PASMC growth and [3H]thymidine uptake. In PASMCs, endothelin-1 (1 μM) and PDGF (10 ng/ml) both upregulated protein expression of TRPC6, whereas bosentan markedly downregulated TRPC6 protein levels. Furthermore, TRPC6 expression in PASMCs from patients with IPAH was greater than in normal PASMCs, and the antiproliferative effect of bosentan was significantly enhanced in IPAH-PASMCs in comparison with normal PASMCs. These observations demonstrate that the antiprolifera...
ALLOCATION OF ATTENTION DURING WORD RECOGNITION BY GOOD AND POOR READERS

The current study investigated differences in allocation of attention between good and poor readers, using dual-task methodology. For 54 undergraduates classified as Good Readers and 54 classified as Poor Readers, based on their Nelson-Denny reading comprehension scores, significant main effects and interactions were found for word frequency, lexicality, and stimulus onset asynchrony, but no significant group differences (either in the form of main effects or interaction effects) were found between Good and Poor Readers. Possible explanations include task demands in the conditions and speed-accuracy trade-offs made by some subjects.
Active Arf6 Recruits ARNO/Cytohesin GEFs to the PM by Binding Their PH Domains

ARNO is a soluble guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Arf family of GTPases. Although in biochemical assays ARNO prefers Arf1 over Arf6 as a substrate, its localization in cells at the plasma membrane (PM) suggests an interaction with Arf6. In this study, we found that ARNO activated Arf1 in HeLa and COS-7 cells resulting in the recruitment of Arf1 on to dynamic PM ruffles. By contrast, Arf6 was activated less by ARNO than EFA6, a canonical Arf6 GEF. Remarkably, Arf6 in its GTP-bound form recruited ARNO to the PM and the two proteins could be immunoprecipitated. ARNO binding to Arf6 was not mediated through the catalytic Sec7 domain, but via the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Active Arf6 also bound the PH domain of Grp1, another ARNO family member. This interaction was direct and required both inositol phospholipids and GTP. We propose a model of sequential Arf activation at the PM whereby Arf6-GTP recruits ARNO family GEFs for further activation of other Arf isoforms.
Characterization of the Epstein-Barr virion-associated DNA polymerase as isolated from superinfected and drug-stimulated cells

Abstract We reported previously that Epstein-Barr (EB) virions and detergent-treated nucleocapsids co-purified with significant amounts of DNA polymerase activity that did not resemble other known host or viral polymerases. We report here that this species of DNA polymerase activity is present at early times after infection in lymphocytes abortively lytically infected (superinfected) with EB virus. However, studies with [35S]methionine labeling suggest de novo synthesis of enzyme has not occurred. Conversely, drug-stimulated lymphocytes that synthesize EB viral late proteins and virions contain this species of polymerase to the virtual exclusion of all others. This EB viral polymerase shows a marked preference for nicked and gapped double-standed rather than primed single-stranded DNA templates. Its processiveness as measured on primed oX174 phage DNA template is lower than that of lymphocyte β polymerase. The data reported here are consistent with the hypothesis that the EB virion-associated DNA polymerase is synthesized at late times in the viral life cycle as are other structural proteins but it plays an important role early after viral infection. It is known that mature herpes virion DNA (including that of EB virus) is nicked and gapped and we propose that this virion polymerase repairs the viral DNA at an early stage in infection before viral DNA replication begins.
Effect of equatorial line nodes on the upper critical field and London penetration depth

The upper critical field ${H}_{c2}$ and its anisotropy are calculated for order parameters with line nodes at the equators, ${k}_{z}=0$, of the Fermi surface of uniaxial superconductors. It is shown that characteristic features found in Fe-based materials (a nearly linear ${H}_{c2}(T)$ in a broad $T$ domain, a low and increasing on warming anisotropy ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{H}={H}_{c2,ab}/{H}_{c2,c}$) can be caused by competing effects of the equatorial nodes and of the Fermi surface anisotropy. For certain material parameters, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{H}(T)\ensuremath{-}1$ may change sign upon warming, in agreement with the recorded behavior of FeTeS systems. It is also shown that the anisotropy of the penetration depth ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}={\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{c}/{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{ab}$ decreases upon warming to reach ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{H}$ at ${T}_{c}$, in agreement with data available. For some materials ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}(T)$ may change upon warming, from ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}g1$ at low $T\mathrm{s}$ to ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}l1$ at high $T\mathrm{s}$.
The Indian Club Exercise

INDIAN CLUB SWINGING became widely popular as a form of physical exercise after the Civil War. This image comes from S. D. Kehoe’s book The Indian Club Exercise (1866); the practice of club swinging was said to produce the ideal, lean male body, exercising both mind and body. Indian clubs were so named because the soldiers of the British army in India had adopted and adapted a native exercise and brought it back to England in the middle decades of the 19th century.1 In the United States, baseball teams soon practiced with the clubs, as did the crew teams of Harvard and Yale. Indian clubs, along with other forms of rhythmic gymnastic exercises, were associated with “muscular Christianity,” a social gospel that affirmed the importance of physical fitness for mental and moral improvement. Proper physical exercise built bodily strength and, with it, character and righteousness—shaping young men for God’s work, and for the nation’s.2 Gymnastic exercises—ideally, ones that exercised all the muscles in a balanced fashion and combined all ranges of motion—were said to counteract the dangerous tendencies toward nervous exhaustion, moral dissipation, and spiritual decadence associated with modern life in the big cities. Moses Coit Tyler, who would become the first professor of history in the United States, explained (in the words of the fictional Judge Fairplay of Brawnville): “It is as truly a man’s moral duty to have a good digestion, and sweet breath, and strong arms, and stalwart legs, and an erect bearing, as it is to read his Bible, or say his prayers, or love his neighbor as himself.”3 In 1861, Amherst College was the first to introduce physical culture and gymnastics—including exercises with Indian clubs—as a required subject at the collegiate level.4 Physical exercise came to be regarded as a mark of manliness and a religious and patriotic duty. By 1901, 270 colleges offered physical education, 300 city school systems required physical exercises, 500 Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) gymnasiums had 80 000 members, and more than 100 gymnasiums were associated with athletic clubs, military bases, and other institutions.
Countable homogeneous partially ordered sets

It is shown that there are only countably many countable homogeneous partially ordered sets, thereby affirming a conjecture of Henson [2]. A classification of these partially ordered sets is given.
Health Outcome Prioritization to Elicit Preferences of Older Persons with Multiple Health Conditions

Objective To develop and test a simple tool to elicit the preferences of older persons based on prioritization of universal health outcomes.
The Leukocytic Pattern During Streptomycin Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

1) A study of the leukocytic pattern during streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis on 867 blood films of 42 patients is presented. 2) During the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with streptomycin, the alterations in the blood picture are due to changes in the disease process, except for the frequently observed eosinophilia, which is a specific drug effect. The rapidity of these changes in many cases facilitates observation of the corresponding alterations in the leukocytic pattern. 3) In this study, the more or less generally accepted view that lymphocytosis is a favorable, and monocytosis an unfavorable, sign was found to be true with the following modifications: (a) Lymphocytosis, or more correctly, the return of the previously low lymphocyte count to normal or hypernormal, is a favorable sign only if it is accompanied by subsidence of shift to the left and diminished toxic granulation of the neutrophils. (b) Monocytosis per se is not an unfavorable sign, unless it is accompanied by a shift to the left of the neutrophils and by lymphopenia. In tuberculosis, a shift to the left of the neutrophils is not always manifested in the band cell/segmented cell relation; in many cases, one has to resort to the more time-consuming examination of the degree of segmentation (Arneth count). 4) The serial examination of the leukocytic pattern during streptomycin treatment has very limited practical value because (a) streptomycin is not considered definitive therapy in the large majority of the cases, and because (b) radiologic examination is the only adequate means of following the effect on the disease process; the hematological findings are merely confirmatory of x-ray in most of the cases. Only in the rare instance, where there is a discrepancy between the radiographic and hematological findings, are the latter of some prognostic significance.
A generalized cluster theory of disordered alloys extended to include random off-diagonal elements

Abstract The generalized cluster expansion of the coherent potential approximation as applied to the case of a disordered binary alloy is discussed and extended to include the case of random off-diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian. Numerical results are presented.
Radial matrix elements of rn for twofold and threefold isotropic simple harmonic oscillators

Abstract A generating function for associated Laguerre polynomials and Louck's recursion relations have been employed independently to formulate radial matrix elements of rn for g-fold (g = 2, 3) isotropic simple harmonic oscillators in terms of quantum numbers v and l. This paper gives all relevant matrix elements (vl|rn|v′l′) of rn for n = 1,2, …, 7 and the diagonal element of r8. Introduction of the quantities, V = 1 2 (v + v′ + g) and L = 1 2 (l + l′ + g − 2) , simplifies the expressions and reveals symmetries and patterns occurring as n increases. Results are compared with those for the one-fold oscillator and sample computer routines have been prepared for numerical evaluation of the matrix elements for g = 1, 2, 3.
NEW METHOD FOR INVESTIGATING THE MAGNETIC PHASE DIAGRAM OF METAMAGNETS.

A new method of determining the phase diagram of metamagnets has been developed and applied to the tricritical region of FeCl2. The specific heat, measured by an ac method, shows discontinuities at the phase boundaries. The phase boundaries in the applied field‐temperature plane, the critical exponent βu, and the specific heat along the mixed‐phase boundaries have been determined.
Linking Computer Game Engines With Remote Experiments

Recently, the potential of using commercially available computer game engines to implement virtual engineering experiments (which represent pure computer simulations) has been explored by various educational institutions. Using a game engine in conjunction with a corresponding software development kit, it is possible for educators to replace the content of an existing computer game with educational content, thus creating virtual laboratory environments. The utilization of game engines for educational purposes is expected to increase the degree of immersive presence of the students engaging in such game-based laboratory exercises as well as the level of interactivity between the students. This paper will discuss the integration of a game-based virtual laboratory environment with remote experiments conducted using actual physical devices. In particular, the paper will focus on possible ways in which the data transfer between a computer game engine and an existing remote laboratory experiment can be accomplished. Strategies for the extraction of laboratory experiment data and for the conversion of data formats are discussed. Possible methods by which the laboratory experiment output data is accessed and displayed are also addressed. Some of the key questions affecting the possible process flows are if and at what point the laboratory experiment mode of interaction should switch from the game engine to the remote laboratory experiment and then switch back to the game engine, and whether or not the user should know that and when it occurred. Finally, the paper will present a sample implementation of a virtual laboratory, into which a specific remote experiment was integrated.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Comparing Composing Processes in Writing-Only and Reading-to-Write Test Tasks.

Abstract The use of reading-to-write tasks for assessing academic writing in English is increasing, often replacing traditional impromptu writing-only tasks. This shift has led to a number of studies comparing the written products of these two task types. To add to this literature, this article reports on a study comparing test takers’ processes in composing reading-to-write and writing-only test tasks. Ten non-native English-speaking students at a large Midwestern United States university participated in talk-aloud writing sessions and interviews. They wrote on tasks developed for the English placement exam at the university. The data were analyzed qualitatively across tasks and test takers. Differences were found across tasks and writers with the reading-to-write task eliciting a more interactive process for some writers and writing-only tasks requiring more initial and less online planning. Those with more experience and interest in writing reported using a more interactive process. To use the results in choosing between the two tasks, careful consideration of the construct for academic writing is needed. However, the results suggest a more authentic process in reading-to-write tasks, and also reveal test takers’ preference for these tasks.
Does the degree of retailer international involvement affect retailer performance

This study investigates the impact of the degree of retailer international involvement (DRII), which we define as the number of geographic regions in which a retailer operates, on retailer performance. The data cover 16 international retailers over the period 1996–2012. The findings of the study show that DRII is negatively related to retailer performance. We also find that the cultural distance between the home and host country moderates the relationship between DRII and retailer performance.
Refined crystal structure of spinach ferredoxin reductase at 1.7 A resolution: oxidized, reduced and 2'-phospho-5'-AMP bound states.

Abstract The crystal structure of spinach ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase (FNR), determined by multiple isomorphous replacement at 2.6 A resolution, has been refined at 1.7 A resolution to anR-factor of 17.9%. The structure of FNR bound to the competitive inhibitor 2′-phospho-5′-AMP (P-AMP) has also been refined at 1.7 A to anR-factor of 17.4% and dithionite-reduced/P-AMP-bound FNR has been refined at 2.0 A to anR-factor of 14.9%. The P-AMP-bound structure was used to construct a model for the binding of NADP+. Over 200 solvation sites were included in each structure, and many of the best defined solvation sites stabilize buried turns. A bulk solvent correction obviated the need for a low-resolution data cutoff. An acidic side-chain likely to be responsible for the low pH requirement for cystallization has been identified. Three large networks of the hydrophobic side-chains help define the FNR structure. One of these contains a large cavity far from the active site, which coincides with the lone site of sequence heterogeneity in FNR, and may provide a site for membrane attachment. The reduced structure shows that Ser96 moves toward atom N-5 of FAD and a water molecule moves toward atom N-1 of FAD, while the flavin moiety remains planar. Possible sources of a proton that must be picked up upon reduction are discussed.
Measurement of the radon-222 content of soil gas by liquid scintillation counting

Abstract A method is described for measuring the 222Rn content of soil gas using a conventional liquid scintillation counter. Gas samples, collected in wetted ground-glass syringes, are equilibrated with a scintillation cocktail which is then expelled into a scintillation vial and counted. The method is straightforward and relatively fast (5–6 min. of operator's time per sample), and yields results having 95% confidence limits of ∼ ± 10% for samples containing ≥ 2·104 Bq m−3 of 222Rn. The method is applied to a watershed near Bickford Reservoir in Massachusetts, U.S.A., where soil-gas 22Rn content is found to be reasonably constant horizontally, but strongly and systematically increasing with depth, to > 5·104 Bq m−3 at soil depths of ∼ 1 m.
Perceptually guided simplification of lit, textured meshes

We present a new algorithm for best-effort simplification of polygonal meshes based on principles of visual perception. Building on previous work, we use a simple model of low-level human vision to estimate the perceptibility of local simplification operations in a view-dependent Multi-Triangulation structure. Our algorithm improves on prior perceptual simplification approaches by accounting for textured models and dynamic lighting effects. We also model more accurately the scale of visual changes resulting from simplification, using parametric texture deviation to bound the size (represented as spatial frequency) of features destroyed, created, or altered by simplifying the mesh. The resulting algorithm displays many desirable properties: it is view-dependent, sensitive to silhouettes, sensitive to underlying texture content, and sensitive to illumination (for example, preserving detail near highlight and shadow boundaries, while aggressively simplifying washed-out regions). Using a unified perceptual model to evaluate these effects automatically accounts for their relative importance and balances between them, overcoming the need for ad hoc or hand-tuned heuristics.
Performance assessment of surgical residents in a vascular anastomosis laboratory

Introduction We designed a low cost workshop to teach surgical residents basic skills of vascular anastomosis. We studied our ability to differentiate between novice, proficient individuals and experts using objective measures of performance. Methods Ten PGY-2 residents without prior vascular surgery experience (novice) and four attending surgeons (expert) performed end-to-side anastomosis using synthetic graft. Residents were taught basic skills of vascular anastomosis during three didactic workshops. Objective metrics included volume leaked after saline perfusion (leak) and time to complete the anastomosis. Penalty points were assigned for broken sutures, air knots, locking sutures and failure to maintain an outside-in to inside-out technique. Leak, time and penalties before and after training were compared. Results Mean leak for the novice group was 70.4mL ±13.7 and mean completion time was 18.7 ±3 minutes versus 45.3mL ±10.6 (p Conclusions We report a low cost workshop for teaching surgical residents the basic skills of performing vascular anastomosis. A simple, objective scoring system is described that can differentiate between a novice, a person who is proficient and an expert at performing vascular anastomosis.
On the range of heterogeneous samples

Let R"n be the range of a random sample X"1,...,X"n of exponential random variables with hazard rate @l. Let S"n be the range of another collection Y"1,...,Y"n of mutually independent exponential random variables with hazard rates @l"1,...,@l"n whose average is @l. Finally, let r and s denote the reversed hazard rates of R"n and S"n, respectively. It is shown here that the mapping [email protected]?s(t)/r(t) is increasing on (0,~) and that as a result, R"n=X"("n")-X"("1") is smaller than S"n=Y"("n")-Y"("1") in the likelihood ratio ordering as well as in the dispersive ordering. As a further consequence of this fact, X"("n") is seen to be more stochastically increasing in X"("1") than Y"("n") is in Y"("1"). In other words, the pair (X"("1"),X"("n")) is more dependent than the pair (Y"("1"),Y"("n")) in the monotone regression dependence ordering. The latter finding extends readily to the more general context where X"1,...,X"n form a random sample from a continuous distribution while Y"1,...,Y"n are mutually independent lifetimes with proportional hazard rates.
Stimulation of RNA chain initiation by the N gene protein of bacteriophage lambda.

RNA transcription from the early leftward operon of the bacteriophage λ was studied. Hybridization to the separated DNA strands of the wild type phage, and to a biotin transducing phage containing viral sequences of only the extreme right or promoter proximal segment of this operon, allowed measurement of the rate of RNA chain initiation with respect to the total amount of RNA transcribed from this operon. Procedures which reduced either the amount of N gene protein synthesized, or its activity, were seen to depress transcription from the promoter proximal region approximately as much as from the entire operon. The RNA made when transcription was depressed did not have a conspiciously lower molecular weight, and the DNA-polymerase-RNA complex contained a correspondingly reduced number of polymerase molecules. All these observations are consistent with, and suggest, that under these conditions the function of the protein specified by gene N is to increase the frequency of initiation of RNA chains.