cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The development of the sinusoids of fetal rat liver: Morphology of endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and the transmural migration of blood cells into the sinusoids

The fine structural development of rat fetal liver sinusoids from 10 to 22 days gestation was studied. Colloidal carbon (Pelikan ink) was injected into 14-22 day gestation fetuses via the umbilical vein to assess the continuity of the sinusoidal lining and the phagocytic ability of the developing lining cells. Endothelial cells, devoid of an underlying basal lamina, form the bulk of the vascular lining at all gestational ages. These cells possess typical intercellular junctions and fenestrae with diaphragms before 17 days gestation. Transendothelial open fenestrations, typical of the adult liver, appear around 17 days gestation, increasing in number for the remainder of gestation. Although fenestrae possessing diaphragms are permeable to carbon before 16 days gestation, open fenestrations, first seen at 17 days gestation, allowed large amounts of carbon to reach the extravascular space. Endocytosis of carbon by endothelial cells was accomplished exclusively by large bristle-coated vesicles. Endothelial cells were also seen to be involved in transmural diapedesis of newly formed erythrocytes and megakaryocyte processes from the extravascular space by forming a temporary migration pore allowing these cells and processes to enter the circulation. At the end of gestation, blood-forming activity had nearly ceased, and only the space of Disse separated the lining cells from the parenchymal cells. Kupffer cells were easily identified as early as 13 days gestation by their content of phagosomes and engulfed erythrocytes. The Kupffer cells are much more avid in the phagocytosis of carbon than are endothelial cells. Toward the end of gestation, some Kupffer cells develop a homogeneous "sticky coat" to carbon.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: molecular mechanisms of adherence.

Escherichia coli isolated from endogenous infections of the urinary tract usually originate in the colon (1–3). From the stool, uropathogenic strains colonize the vaginal introitus and periurethral region (4). Colonization of uroepithelium may ensue, leading to bacteriuria. Symptoms arise when invasion of mucosa, cell death, and inflammation occur in the bladder or kidney. Therefore, cystitis and pyelonephritis may be viewed as the culmination of a sequence of events mediated by specific determinants of microbial virulence. It follows that uropathogenic E. coli are not simply the most prevalent fecal stains. Instead, they appear to manifest a pathogenic phenotype: they usually belong to a restricted number of O and K antigen serogroups (3–5); they are resistant to the bactericidal action of normal human serum (6–8); they secrete hemolysin (9–11), produce colicin V (12–13), and ferment salicin (14); and they attach to uroepithelial cells in vitro (15–17).
Corporate Social Responsibility in Latin America

This paper presents an overview of two cases that illustrate a few lessons from creative solutions implemented by the private sector as part of its social responsibility to contribute to the improvement of living conditions of disadvantaged communities while expanding markets and increasing profitability. As shown in this paper, business initiatives are now using creative solutions to contribute successfully to alleviating social problems. These two examples provide inspiration for greater involvement of business in development, combining profits with a contribution to poverty alleviation. l Corporate social responsibility
SYNTHESIS OF CYCLIC AND POLYMERIC DERIVATIVES OF 1,2-DITHIOL-o-CARBORANE

Summary Cyclic compounds containing two symmetrically placed 1,2-dicarbaclosododecaboranyl or two 7,8-dicarbaundecaborate( 10) moieties have been synthesized. The bridges between the carborane cages are S-S or S-CH,-CH,-S for the undegraded species, and S-CH,-S or S-CH,CH,-S for the degraded ones. The sulfur atoms in all cases are bonded to the carborane carbons. Unlike preparations previously reported in the literature, degradation to the partially degraded o-carborane cages proceeds without requiring treatment by a conventional base. Ring closure and the presence of sulfur atoms linked to the o-carborane carbons are believed to be necessary in order for the degradation to occur. When the number of bonds involved in the bridge between the two cages was seven, no cyclization occurred despite the presence of a square planar nickel template, the reaction instead producing a polymeric material.
In vivo trafficking, cell cycle activity, and engraftment potential of phenotypically defined primitive hematopoietic cells after transplantation into irradiated or nonirradiated recipients

Recent interest in bone marrow (BM) transplantation in nonconditioned or minimally conditioned recipients warrants investigation of homing patterns of transplanted hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in irradiated and nonirradiated recipients. To this end, phenotypically defined populations of BM cells were tracked in lethally irradiated or nonirradiated mice at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours after transplantation. Recovery of transplanted cells at all time points was higher in BM of nonirradiated mice, similar to earlier suggestions. The percentage of lineage-negative Sca-1(+) cells and Sca-1(+) cells expressing CD43, CD49e, and CD49d steadily increased in BM of nonirradiated mice up to 24 hours, while fluctuating in irradiated mice. Cell cycle status and BrdU incorporation revealed that less than 20% of Sca-1(+) cells and fewer Sca-1(+)lin(-) cells had cycled by 24 hours after transplantation. To more directly examine trafficking of primitive HPCs, purified grafts of CD62L(-) or CD49e(+) subfractions of Sca-1(+)lin(-) cells, previously shown to be enriched for long-term repopulating cells, also were tracked in vivo. Recovery of purified cells was similarly increased in BM of nonirradiated mice. When 50 to 100 of these BM-homed cells were examined in serial transplantation studies, BM-homed cells from initially nonirradiated mice were enriched 5- to 30-fold for cells capable of long-term hematopoiesis in secondary recipients. Collectively, these data suggest that homing or survival of transplanted cells in irradiated recipients is less efficient than that in nonirradiated recipients, implicating an active role of radiation-sensitive microenvironmental cues in the homing process. These results may have important clinical implications in the design of BM transplantation protocols.
Herbaceous Flora of Blackland Prairie Remnants in Mississippi and Western Alabama

ABSTRACT Blackland prairies are found in two regions of Mississippi and Alabama, the Black Belt and the Jackson Prairie Belt. As the vegetation of remnant prairies in these belts has received limited attention, we collected and identified the grasses and forbs from 19 sites in Mississippi and western Alabama over a year. A total of 196 species were collected, including 168 native species. When compared with prairie species lists for these regions from the early 20th century, our results suggest that 18 species present then may now be rare or absent. Habitat data for these species indicate that most favor more mesic or sandier soils. Their apparent absence implies that existing prairies are a subset of historic prairies that were not useful for agriculture because of drier and/or more clayey soils. To preserve the biodiversity of this ecosystem, conservation efforts should include more mesic or sandy sites, including prairie-forest ecotones.
Characterization of Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Gasoline Tracers in Different Microenvironments

Abstract Gasoline tracers were collected on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with photoionization detector (GC/PID). This was part of a larger study to quantify personal exposure to motor vehicle gasoline evaporative and combustive emissions in high-end exposure microenvironments (MEs). The SPME fiber selected for this application was a 75-µm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane. Sequential 10-min samples were collected for measurement of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene in different MEs in Atlanta, GA, in summer 2002 and Reno, NV, in spring 2003. Field calibrations were performed with certified gas standards in 1-L Tedlar bags for varying concentrations and exposure times. SPME detection limits were ∼0.2 ppbv with a precision of 3–17% and accuracy of 30%. A dynamic system was designed for temperature and relative humidity calibrations, with corrections for the effects of these variables performed when necessary. SPME data co...
Applications of fiber-optic sensors

The authors discuss the basic principles and applications of optical-fiber sensor technology, outlining the various sensing mechanisms which can be utilized to influence the propagation of light in an optical fiber and the various sensor types-intensity, phase-modulated (interferometric), intrinsic, and extrinsic. Sensors for the measurement of temperature, pressure, liquid level, chemical parameters, acoustic effect, magnetic field, and rotation (gyroscope) are briefly described. >
Application of Next-Generation–Sequencing to the Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders: A Brief Overview

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) holds a number of advantages over traditional Sanger sequencing, the most obvious being able to do panel testing in a shorter span of time at a lower cost (Hu et al. 2009). A number of phenotypically similar diseases can have a number of different genetic causes (Hoischen et al. 2010). This genetic heterogeneity, seen in congenital muscular dystrophies (Chap. 6), congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), and hearing loss (Chap. 7), can be addressed by NGS by simply sequencing all genes related to specific phenotypes (Rehman et al. 2010; Lim et al. 2011; Valencia et al. 2012). In the case of CDG, NGS is a time- and cost-effective tool for comprehensive mutations screening of metabolic diseases caused by mutations in different genes of a common pathway. In addition, its use can be applied to disorders that have a variable presentation but can raise flags for a certain set of diseases such as mitochondrial defects. One distinct advantage can be seen in the field of cancer genetics where panel testing can save a significant amount of time by reaching a diagnosis (Chan et al. 2012). An interesting application of NGS is in the application of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies and trisomies 21, 18, and 13 (Chap. 5; Chiu et al. 2008).
Kinetik intramolekularer Reaktionen aus Relaxationszeitmessungen

Die Bestimmung der Spin-Gitter-Relaxationszeit (T1) bietet eine Alternative zu den ublichen NMR-Linienformanalysen, um die Kinetik intramolekularer Reaktionen zu untersuchen; obendrein kann der durch NMR-Spektroskopie erfasbare Bereich sowohl nach hohen als auch nach niedrigen Energiebarrieren hin ausgedehnt werden. Die Dipol-Dipol-und die Quadrupol-Relaxationszeiten sprechen auf sehr schnelle Vorgange wie die Rotation von Methylgruppen an. Die Analyse der Relaxation im rotierenden Koordinatensystem (T1ρ) gibt Information uber die Kinetik vieler Prozesse, insbesondere uber diejenigen, fur die der dynamische Bereich zu schnell fur Linienform-Methoden ist. Sattigungsubertragung und die Koaleszenz von Relaxationszeiten bei hohen Temperaturen konnen zur Bestimmung hoher Energiebarrieren genutzt werden. Die Moglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser Methoden werden beschrieben.
Knoop and Vickers Indentation in Ceramics Analyzed as a Three‐Dimensional Fracture

A three-dimensional fracture analysis is applied to the Knoop and Vickers indentation fracture of ceramics. A brief discussion of the accuracy of the analysis applied to model the step load on the crack face caused by the residual stresses is given. A study is made of the effect of the elongated plastic zone in Knoop indentation on the unloaded radial fracture. It is shown that for small indentation loads the published experimental data can be verified by varying the depth reached by the semielliptical plastic zone with given surface length. An analysis and interpretation of the interaction between the two halfpenny-shaped radial cracks induced by Vickers indentation is also given.
Towards a hierarchical scheduling system for distributed WWW server clusters

We present a model for dynamically scheduling HTTP requests across clusters of servers, optimizing the use of client resources as well as the scattered server nodes. We also present a system, H-SWEB, implementing our techniques and showing experimental improvements of over 250%, which have been achieved through utilizing a global approach to scheduling requests. This is the first system to provide a hierarchical scheduling mechanism for distributed HTTP server clusters incorporating dynamic client-server task distribution and distributed data access. H-SWEB uses sophisticated scheduling techniques in monitoring and adapting to workload variation at the client and server clusters for supporting typical digital library tasks, such as fast WWW image browsing. We provide a discussion of our system architecture and implementation, and briefly summarize the experimental results that have been achieved.
Simple and efficient shear flexible two-node arch/beam and four-node cylindrical shell/plate finite elements

Several simple and accurate C° two-node arch/beam and four-node cylindrical shell/plate finite elements are presented in this paper. The formulation used here is based on the refined theory of thick cylindrical shells and the quasi-conforming element technique. Unlike most C° elements, the element stiffness matrix presented here is given explicitly. In spite of their simplicity, these C° finite elements posseses linear bending strains and are free from the deficiencies existing in curved C° elements such as shear and membrane locking, spurious kinematic modes and numerical ill-conditioning. These finite elements are valid not only for thick/thin beams and plates, but also for arches/straight beams and cylindrical shells/plates. Furthermore, these C° elements can automatically reduce to the corresponding C1 beam and plate elements and give the C° beam element obtained by the reduced integration as a special case. Several numerical examples indicate that the simple two-node arch/beam and four-node cylindrical shell/plate elements given in this paper are superior to the existing C° elements with the same element degrees of freedom. Only the formulation of the rectangular cylindrical shell and plate element is presented in this paper. The formulation of an arbitrarily quadrilateral plate element will be presented in a follow-up paper32.
Mitral Valve Annuloplasty Ring Dehiscence Diagnosed Intraoperative With Real-Time 3D Transesophageal Echocardiogram

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is often a result of the accumulation of lipids around the annulus, which can lead to degeneration and calcification of the valve. Multiple risk factors have been associated with the progression of MAC and life-threatening complications such as the early mitral valve annuloplasty dehiscence. Our case describes the different risk factors for annuloplasty dehiscence in a patient with severe MAC, as well as the importance of its early recognition intraoperatively with 3D transesophageal echocardiography.
Political justice in France: The Dreyfus affair and after

(1997). Political justice in France: The Dreyfus affair and after. The European Legacy: Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 809-826.
Zoonoses likely to be used in bioterrorism

Bioterrorism is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other agents used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. Only modest microbiologic skills are needed to produce and...
Enhancing postural stability and adaptability in multiple sclerosis.

People living with multiple sclerosis (MS) consistently rate balance and gait impairments as having the greatest negative impacts on their quality of life. Our research aims to understand the sensorimotor contributions to balance dysfunction and difficulty with walking in people with MS, with specific attention paid to how fatigue, muscle weakness, and sensory loss interact to limit physical function and mobility. Here, we relate aspects of somatosensory loss and symptomatic fatigue to balance function, and provide new insights in our understanding of the mechanisms of balance and gait dysfunction in MS through the use of novel analytical methods and experimental paradigms. We first review the existing methods and paradigms to assess postural and gait stability in research on MS. Next, we introduce novel measures to assess the stability and adaptability of posture and gait in people with MS that are based on nonlinear and complex systems methods. These novel methods include (1) boundary-relevant measures of postural stability and control (postural “time to contact”), and (2) entropy measures for assessing postural and gait adaptability. These novel methods allow us to differentiate between postural and gait variability caused by dysfunction that may interfere with movement control, and variability that is functional and provides stable and adaptable movement patterns. Finally, we discuss how these methods and paradigms could help to develop innovative treatments for balance and gait dysfunction in people with MS.
THE TRENDS AND FUTURE OF PHOTOBIOLOGY MEDICAL ASPECTS

This meeting has witnessed the emergence of a new collabora tion of science and medicine—a society of scholars, studying the effect of light on biologic systems at all levels of organization from bacteria to humans. Photobiology has joined with photomedicine, both using the scientific method to plumb new basic truths and to apply them to the problems of human disease.
Annotated checklist of weevils from the Papuan region (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea)

The following checklist includes 2,955 species-group names and 553 genus-group names of weevils occurring in the Papuan region. Major islands treated are: Aru, Biak, Bougainville, Manus, Mysol, New Guinea, Salawatti, Trobriand, Waigeo, Woodlark, and Yapen Islands and the islands of the Admiralty, Bismarck, d’Entrecasteaux, and Louisaide Archipelagoes. Maps of the region with historically important collection localities are provided. Entomological expeditions to the region and collections containing significant weevil material are summarized. All available family-group, genusgroup and species-group names are arranged alphabetically for all families of Curculionoidea known from the region. All currently accepted species epithet are annotated with taxonomic references, notes on published distributions, past taxonomic changes, infrasubspecific names, and species-group synonymies. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: the monotypic genus Neplaxa Casey is a new synonym of Pantoxystus Pascoe; its type species Neplaxa illustratus Casey is a new synonym of Pantoxystus rubricollis (Boisduval). Two subgenera of Neosynaptops, Neosynaptopsis Legalov and Pseudosynaptos Legalov are new synonymies of Euops (Neosynaptops) Voss revised status. Typespecies are designated for 25 genera, changes of rank or status are proposed for 19 taxa, and 88 new combinations are listed in “Nomenclatural changes.”
BioWatch: estimation of heart and breathing rates from wrist motions

Continued developments of sensor technology including hardware miniaturization and increased sensitivity have enabled the development of less intrusive methods to monitor physiological parameters during daily life. In this work, we present methods to recover cardiac and respiratory parameters using accelerometer and gyroscope sensors on the wrist. We demonstrate accurate measurements in a controlled laboratory study where participants (n = 12) held three different positions (standing up, sitting down and lying down) under relaxed and aroused conditions. In particular, we show it is possible to achieve a mean absolute error of 1.27 beats per minute (STD: 3.37) for heart rate and 0.38 breaths per minute (STD: 1.19) for breathing rate when comparing performance with FDA-cleared sensors. Furthermore, we show comparable performance with a state-of-the-art wrist-worn heart rate monitor, and when monitoring heart rate of three individuals during two consecutive nights of in-situ sleep measurements.
Student Feedback on Federated Search Use, Satisfaction, and Web Presence: Qualitative Findings of Focus Groups

Illinois State University’s Milner Library conducted focus groups in the summer and fall of 2007 as part of its user-centered approach to implementing a federated search engine. The feedback supplemented the comments from usability testing conducted in the summer of 2006. The purpose of the focus groups was to learn about students’ use of and satisfaction with the federated search engine and to gather their ideas on how to incorporate it into the library website. The focus groups provided qualitative information that Milner Library used to guide decisions regarding website design and federated searching instruction. A list of best practices from the user perspective is also drawn from the findings. The unique aspects of this article include the use of focus groups to gather feedback on federated searching and the discussion of incorporating a federated search engine into a library website. This article is based on preliminary findings presented at the Internet Librarian 2007 conference in Monterey, California.
Quantitative analysis of platelet surface HLA by W6/32 anti-HLA monoclonal antibody

Class I molecules of human major histocompatibility complex (HLA) are the most important antigenic system in determining the survival of transfused platelets in alloimmunized patients. Platelets with reduced expression of a specific type of HLA antigen may escape specific anti-HLA antibody-mediated destruction. By using 125I-labeled Fab fragments of W6/32 anti-HLA monoclonal antibody and competitive protein binding assays, we measured the range of total HLA concentrations on platelets. In 12 individuals examined, the mean number of HLA-A, B, and C molecules per platelet was 81,587 +/- 20,016 (mean +/- SD); its range was between 54,782 to 116,185 molecules per platelet. After treatment with chloroquine, 79.9 +/- 7.0% (mean +/- SD, n = 6) of HLA antigens were removed from platelets as determined by binding of 125I-W6/32 Fab. A similar result was obtained when HLA antigens on chloroquine-treated platelets were evaluated with immunofluorescence flow cytometry. In contrast, chloroquine treatment did not remove integral membrane protein such as P1A1 antigens on platelets. The presence of HLA antigens in the chloroquine eluate of platelets could be demonstrated to contain HLA antigens similar in mol wts to intact class I molecules by an immunoblotting technique. These data suggest that 70% to 80% of platelet HLA antigens are adsorbed and that such HLA antigens are not proteolytic products of integral membrane class I molecules. The origin of the adsorbed platelet HLA-antigens remains to be determined.
Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.

Careful evaluation of apparently asymptomatic patients may prompt second thoughts about deferring surgery. Experience with medical versus surgical management is analyzed.
Clozapine-associated priapism: a case report.

AbstractPriapism is a recognized side effect of antipsychotic therapy. Recently, new agents known as atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine, have been introduced with the intent of ameliorating psychosis without the extrapyramidal side effects associated with standard antipsychotic therapy. Priapism has not been observed previously with atypical antipsychotic therapy. We report a case of veno-occlusive priapism associated with the use of clozapine. This priapistic episode was complicated by the development of recurrent post-ischemic priapism.
J.G. Ballard’s “Inner Space” and the Early Fiction of Martin Amis

In Money: A Suicide Note (1984), John Self visits a brothel called the Happy Isles soon after first meeting the character Martin Amis. One of the prostitutes asks for his name, and he answers “I’m Martin,” confiding that he hates his real name: “I’m called John Self. But who isn’t?” (97). One lie leads to another — Self then claims to be a fiction writer — and to a comic misunderstanding. The prostitute turns out to be a graduate student in English literature: “They call me Moby,” she tells Self, alluding to the opening of Moby Dick. When she inquires about his writing, the verbally and aesthetically challenged Self hears her question as “John roar mainstream?” He’s never heard the word “genre,” so she clarifies her meaning: “are they mainstream novels and stories or thrillers or sci-fi or something like that?” (98). Self responds with another question — “what’s mainstream?” — but instead of the mockery we might expect she replies, “That’s a good question” (98). Self’s mishearing of her question, which eliminates the conjunction “or” and thus collapses the distinction between ostensibly antithetical terms, enacts an erasure that Moby herself endorses with her final remark, which admits the difficulty of defining “mainstream.”
Variogram calculations for random fields on regular lattices using quadrature methods

We discuss a numerical algorithm for calculating a large class of analytically intractable theoretical variogram functions that arise in studies of random fields on regular lattices. Examples of these random fields include conditional and intrinsic autoregressions, fractional Laplacian differenced random fields, and regular block averages of continuum random fields. Typically, the variogram functions for these random fields appear in the form of multi-dimensional integrals, often with singularities at the origin, and the algorithm laid out to evaluate these integrals invoke certain quadrature rules and regression formulas based on the asymptotic expansions of these integrals. This is so that singularities at the origin can be accounted for in a straightforward manner. This numerical algorithm opens new avenues to advancing geostatistical data analysis, solving kriging and estimation problems and exploring properties for various lattice-based random fields. The usefulness of this numerical method is illustrated by fitting certain theoretical variogram functions to ocean color and the Walker Lake data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
System capabilities, requirements and design of the GDL gunfire detection and location system

Using image processing techniques, the Gunfire Detection and Location (GDL) system detects gunfire and aims a suite of imagers at the muzzle flash point of origin. This detection and location function is critical for force and perimeter defense in densely populated areas as well as difficult operating environments such as a remote desert. This paper defines requirements of the GDL project. The GDL system is the result of research into using real-time image processing of mid-wave infrared imagery to detect gunfire and pin point its origin. Varieties of modern imagers are made available over the spectrum to aid an operator in assessing a detected signal. By using optical and acoustical methods, a design effort was launched to yield five vehicle based platforms. The hardware and algorithm used to implement the five basic functions is discussed in this paper. Issues such as component reliability, thermal issues, camera sensitivity operated during the daytime and nighttime, and optical design and bore sighting had to be united into a system designed to operate in the desert and powered from a high mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV). The design, construction and testing was conducted in nine months. The project has yielded a system architecture that will be further tested and refined in the next phase of this project. Experiences with the development phase of GDL and future directions are described in this paper.
Minimal architecture zinc–bromine battery for low cost electrochemical energy storage

We demonstrate a minimal-architecture zinc–bromine battery that eliminates the expensive components in traditional systems. The result is a single-chamber, membrane-free design that operates stably with >90% coulombic and >60% energy efficiencies for over 1000 cycles. It can achieve nearly 9 W h L−1 with a cost of <$100 per kWh at-scale.
Physician and Patient Views on Public Physician Rating Websites: A Cross-Sectional Study

Numerical ratings and narrative comments about physicians are increasingly available online. These physician rating websites include independent websites reporting crowd-sourced data from online users and health systems reporting data from their internal patient experience surveys. To assess patient and physician views on physician rating websites. Cross-sectional physician (electronic) and patient (paper) surveys conducted in August 2015. Eight hundred twenty-eight physicians (response rate 43%) affiliated with one of four hospitals in a large accountable care organization in eastern Massachusetts; 494 adult patients (response rate 34%) who received care in this system in May 2015. Use and perceptions of physician rating websites. Fifty-three percent of physicians and 39% of patients reported visiting a physician rating website at least once. Physicians reported higher levels of agreement with the accuracy of numerical data (53%) and narrative comments (62%) from health system patient experience surveys compared to numerical data (36%) and narrative comments (36%) on independent websites. Patients reported higher levels of agreement with trusting the accuracy of data obtained from independent websites (57%) compared to health system patient experience surveys (45%). Twenty-one percent of physicians and 51% of patients supported posting narrative comments online for all consumers. The majority (78%) of physicians believed that posting narrative comments online would increase physician job stress; smaller proportions perceived a negative effect on the physician–patient relationship (46%), health care overuse (34%), and patient-reported experiences of care (33%). Over one-fourth of patients (29%) believed that posting narrative comments would cause them to be less open. Physicians and patients have different views on whether independent or health system physician rating websites are the more reliable source of information. Their views on whether such data should be shared on public websites are also discordant.
Physiological Self-Regulation Buffers the Relationship between Impulsivity and Externalizing Behaviors among Nonclinical Adolescents

Trait impulsivity is a risk factor for rule breaking and aggressive (externalizing) behaviors among nonclinical youth. Buffers of trait-based risk are of practical interest to preventing externalizing behaviors. One such buffer may be the capacity and efforts of a child to self-regulate their physiology. Youth who possess baseline physiological self-regulatory capacities are more likely to maintain adaptive engagement with their environment and may be less prone to impulsively rule break or be aggressive. Similarly, youth who are able to use self-regulatory skills to calm their physiology in times of stress may be less likely to externalize distress. This study examined self-regulatory capacity and efforts as a moderator of the relationship between trait impulsivity and externalizing behaviors, cross-sectionally and prospectively. We hypothesized that the effect of trait impulsivity on externalizing behaviors would depend on the presence of baseline self-regulatory capacity and/or self-regulatory efforts during stress. Participants were 134 nonclinical adolescents (Mage = 12.59, SD = 1.20 51.9% female, 71% Caucasian). Trait impulsivity was measured using a parental report questionnaire. Physiological self-regulatory capacity and efforts were measured through collection of electrocardiogram data during a resting baseline and a stressful, unsolvable anagram task, respectively. Physiological self-regulation was quantified by calculating respiratory sinus arrhythmia scores across baseline and stress tasks. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is the change in heart rate across the breathing cycle, and is hypothesized to index physiological self-regulation capacity and efforts under specific conditions. The results indicated that physiological self-regulation capacity, but not efforts, moderated the effect of trait impulsivity on externalizing behaviors prospectively. Stronger physiological self-regulatory capacity buffered the effect of greater trait impulsivity. Implications of these findings among typically developing youth are discussed.
Have You Talked about It: Advance Care Planning among African Americans Living with HIV in Baltimore

Advance care planning (ACP) is the process of planning for when individuals are unable to make their own healthcare decisions. Research suggests ACP is understudied among HIV-positive African Americans. We explored ACP knowledge, preferences, and practices with HIV-positive African Americans from an urban HIV-specialty clinic (AFFIRM study). Participants completed surveys and interviews. Descriptive analyses and Poisson regression were conducted on survey data. Qualitative interviews were coded using grounded theory/constant comparative method. Participants were mostly male (55.1%). Half rated their current pain as at least six out of ten (50.8%). Two-thirds had discussed ACP with providers or supporters (66.2%). Qualitative themes were: (1) impact of managing pain on quality of life and healthcare, (2) knowledge/preferences for ACP, and (3) sources of HIV supportive care and coping (N = 39). Correlates of having discussed ACP included: moderate pain intensity (p < 0.10), including supporters in health decisions (p < 0.001), religious attendance (p < 0.05), and knowledge of healthcare mandates (p < 0.01; N = 276). Findings highlight the need for patient education to document healthcare preferences and communication skills development to promote inclusion of caregivers in decision-making.
Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on resistance versus resilience of Douglas fir to drought

Significant increases in tree mortality due to drought-induced physiological stress have been documented worldwide. This trend is likely to continue with increased frequency and severity of extreme drought events in the future. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence variability in drought responses among trees will be critical to predicting ecosystem responses to climate change and developing effective management actions. In this study, we used hierarchical mixed-effects models to analyze drought responses of Pseudotsuga menziesii in 20 unmanaged forests stands across a broad range of environmental conditions in northeastern Washington, USA. We aimed to 1) identify the biotic and abiotic attributes most closely associated with the responses of individual trees to drought and 2) quantify the variability in drought responses at different spatial scales. We found that growth rates and competition for resources significantly affected resistance to a severe drought event in 2001: slow-growing trees and trees growing in subordinate canopy positions and/or with more neighbors suffered greater declines in radial growth during the drought event. In contrast, the ability of a tree to return to normal growth when climatic conditions improved (resilience) was unaffected by competition or relative growth rates. Drought responses were significantly influenced by tree age: older trees were more resistant but less resilient than younger trees. Finally, we found differences between resistance and resilience in spatial scale: a significant proportion (approximately 50%) of the variability in drought resistance across the study area was at broad spatial scales (i.e. among different forest types), most likely due to differences in the total amount of precipitation received at different elevations; in contrast, variation in resilience was overwhelmingly (82%) at the level of individual trees within stands and there was no difference in drought resilience among forest types. Our results suggest that for Pseudotsuga menziesii resistance and resilience to drought are driven by different factors and vary at different spatial scales.
Magnetic properties of Gd2CuO4 crystals.

Magnetic-susceptibility and magnetization measurements on single crystals of the CuO2-planar compound Gd2CuO4 indicate copper moment ordering near 260 K, producing an internal field at the gadolinium site that induces substantial anisotropy in the magnetic response. Dilute substitutions for gadolinium and copper leave the essential physics unaffected. We suggest that copper ordering also occurs in Eu2CuO4 on the basis of substitutional studies but is not detected in other rare-earth-based compounds in this series. Rare-earth size appears to play an important role. © 1989 The American Physical Society.
Pitfalls of Ebb-Shoal Mining

Ebb-tidal deltas or ebb shoals in moderate to high-energy environments often contain well-washed sandy sediments. These clean sands attract the attention of coastal engineers because they are commonly suitable for shore protection efforts such as beach renourishment (replenishment), dune restoration, and marsh remediation. Ebb-tidal deltas are sediment sinks where sandy materials are sequestered in deposits that can build up to such significant proportions that they form large coastal salients. In addition to sediments debouching from the inlet, longshore sediments are either trapped in the shoal or are bypassed in swash bars. Accumulation of sediments in these depocenters at the mouths of inlets often appear as a ready-made point borrow source that can be accessed for shore protection by dredging and placement on adjacent eroded shores. Ebb-tidal deltas are, however, in delicate balance with inlets, longshore drift, beach-dune systems and overall coastal stability. Removal of sediment volume by dredging from deltas interrupts the sand-sharing balance between inlets, ebb-tidal shoals, coupled beach-dune systems, wetlands, and shoreline stability.
The Combined Spectroscopic-Visual Orbit

Four elements are common to the visual and the spectroscopic orbit, namely µ, T, e, and ω the last differing by 180° as the visual motion refers to the secondary star and the radial velocity usually to the primary. The elements a" (in arc sec), i and Ω enter only the visual positions while K1 (for the primary) and γ appear only in the radial velocities. If sufficient data of both kinds are available a combined least-squares solution may be indicated, with approximate initial elements easily obtained, and relative weights chosen according to the relative reliability of the material.
CHARACTERIZATION OF MINERAL AND COAL PYRITE

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the characterization of mineral and coal pyrite. Combustion of high-sulfur coals is a major source of anthropogenic sulfur oxides emissions in the United States and an important contributor to acid rain. The chapter presents scanning electron micrographs of ground Pittsburgh No. 8 coal pyrite and mineral pyrite. In a few samples described in the chapter, the surfaces of the mineral pyrite tended to be smoother and the edges sharper than those for coal pyrite. At 20,000X, the coal pyrite surface began to appear smooth, although submicron particles were still observed attached to the surfaces. No porosity was observed at this level of analysis. Surface areas measured for coal pyrites have been attributed to surface roughness and porous grains. The electron microprobe microanalysis results indentified Si- and Ca-containing minerals as the major impurities. The Fe/S ratio measured for individual particles varied from 1:1.97 to 1:2.04. Upper Freeport coal exhibits natural floatability in the absence of frother and collector.
Sucrose ingestion induces glutamate AMPA receptor phosphorylation in dorsal hippocampal neurons: Increased sucrose experience prevents this effect

Abstract Evidence suggests that meal-related memory influences later eating behavior. Memory can serve as a powerful mechanism for controlling eating behavior because it provides a record of recent intake that likely outlasts most physiological signals generated by ingestion. Dorsal (dHC) and ventral hippocampal (vHC) neurons are critical for memory, and we demonstrated previously that they limit energy intake during the postprandial period. If dHC or vHC neurons control intake through a process that requires memory, then ingestion should increase events necessary for synaptic plasticity in dHC and vHC during the postprandial period. To test this, we determined whether ingesting a sucrose solution induced posttranslational events critical for hippocampal synaptic plasticity: phosphorylation of AMPAR GluA1 subunits at 1) serine 831 (pSer831) and 2) serine 845 (pSer845). We also examined whether increasing the amount of previous experience with the sucrose solution, which would be expected to decrease the mnemonic demand involved in an ingestion bout, would also attenuate sucrose-induced phosphorylation. Quantitative immunoblotting of dHC and vHC membrane fractions demonstrated that sucrose ingestion increased postprandial pSer831 in dHC but not vHC. Increased previous sucrose experience prevented sucrose-induced dHC pSer831. Sucrose ingestion did not affect pSer845 in either dHC or vHC. Thus, the present findings show that ingestion activates a postranslational event necessary for synaptic plasticity in an experience-dependent manner, which is consistent with the hypothesis that dHC neurons form a memory of a meal during the postprandial period.
Comparison of Simultaneously Collected Kinetic Data with Force Plates and a Pressure Walkway.

Objective This article compares simultaneously collected kinetic data (percent limb distribution and limb symmetry) with force plates (FP) and a pressure walkway. Animals This study included 18 healthy client-owned adult dogs. Methods Vertical ground reaction force and pressure data were collected during two sessions 1 week apart (days 1 and 7) using both FP and pressure mat systems. Vertical ground reaction forces and vertical pressure data were each collected alone as well as simultaneously. A mixed effects model was used to test for differences in force, force percent data and symmetry indices (SI) that were calculated for the thoracic and pelvic limb pairs, between collection systems. A Pearson's correlation was used to test for correlations between force, force percentage and SI. Results There was no difference in peak vertical force (PVF) or total pressure index (TPI) data collected alone or when collected with pressure mat overlay the FP. Small but significant differences were found in percent limb distribution between PVF% and TPI%. Significant differences were found in the calculated SI for forelimbs and hindlimbs. Correlations between the PVF% and TPI% distribution were significant in both the fore- and hindlimbs. While there was a significant correlation between the forelimb SI, there was no significant correlation between the SI in the hindlimbs. Clinical Significance The method of calculating PVF and TPI percentages allowed for comparison between the collection methods. Significant differences were noted in the calculated SI between the collection methods and direct comparisons is not advisable.
How Public, Nonprofit, and Private-Sector Employees Access Volunteer Roles

Research has found that public and nonprofit employees volunteer at a higher rate than their for-profit-sector counterparts, with the disparity typically explained as a behavioral consequence of th...
Electrographic spikes are common in wildtype mice

High-voltage rhythmic electroencephalographic (EEG) spikes have been recorded in wildtype (WT) rats during periods of light slow-wave sleep and passive wakefulness. The source of this activity is unclear but has been attributed to either an inherent form of absence epilepsy or a normal feature of rodent sleep EEG. In contrast, little is known about epileptiform spikes in WT mice. We thus characterize and quantify epileptiform discharges in WT mice for the first time. Thirty-six male WT C57 mice with 24-h wireless telemetry video-EEG recordings were manually scored by blinded reviewers to mark individual spikes and spike trains. Epileptiform spikes were detected in 100% of the recorded WT mice, and spike trains of at least three spikes were recorded in 90% of mice. The spikes were more frequent during the day than at night and were inversely correlated to each animal's locomotor activity. However, the discharges were not absent during active nighttime periods. These discharges may indicate a baseline tendency toward epileptic seizures or perhaps are benign variants of normal rodent background EEG. Nevertheless, a better understanding of baseline WT EEG activity will aid in differentiating pathological and normal EEG activity in mouse epilepsy models.
Neuropsychiatry of sport-related concussion.

Abstract Changes in mood, emotions, and behavior are common components of the acute clinical picture of sport-related concussion (SRC). Common concussion symptom inventories such as the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5 (SCAT5) contain a large number of questions that assess these neuropsychiatric domains. In fact, of 22 items assessed by the SCAT5, arguably only five of the items do not overlap with symptoms assessed by standard measures of anxiety and depression, suggesting that concussion is best viewed as a neuropsychiatric syndrome. Furthermore, it is important to understand the complex relationship between preinjury psychologic health, acute injury symptom profile, and the role that changes in mood, emotions, and behavior play in the recovery trajectory after concussion. Some research suggests that there may also be long-term neuropsychiatric effects of concussion, repetitive concussion, and repetitive head impacts. This chapter provides a review of the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acute SRC, the current evidence for long-term neuropsychiatric effects of repetitive concussion, and the impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms on recovery trajectory. Clinical principles relevant to management are described.
Chromogranin A regulates neuroblastoma proliferation and phenotype

Neuroblastoma is a commonly encountered solid tumor in early childhood with high neuroplasticity, and differentiation therapy is hypothesized to lead to tumor mass shrinkage and/or symptom relief. CgA is a tissue specific protein restricted to the diffuse neuroendocrine system, and widely expressed in neuroblastomas. Using knockdown and knockout approaches to deplete CgA levels, we demonstrated that CgA loss inhibits SH-SY5Y cell proliferation and leads to a morphological shift with increased expression of Schwann and extracellular matrix specific molecules, and suppression of chromaffin features. We further confirmed the effects of CgA in a series of neuroblastoma cells with [BE(2)-M17 and IMR-32] and without (SK-N-SH) N-Myc amplification. We demonstrated that CgA depletion reduced IGF-II and IGFBP-2 expression, increased IGFBP-3 levels, and suppresses IGF downstream signaling as evidenced by reduced AKT/ERK pathway activation. This was further supported by an increased anti-proliferative effect of the ERK inhibitor in the CgA depleted cells. In an in vivo xenograft neuroblastoma model, CgA knockdown led to increased S-phenotypic marker expression at both protein and mRNA levels. Together these results suggest that CgA maintains IGF secretion and intracellular signaling to regulate proliferation and differentiation in neuroblastomas.