cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of high-frequency in-home monitoring data may reduce sample sizes needed in clinical trials

Background Trials in Alzheimer’s disease are increasingly focusing on prevention in asymptomatic individuals. This poses a challenge in examining treatment effects since currently available approaches are often unable to detect cognitive and functional changes among asymptomatic individuals. Resultant small effect sizes require large sample sizes using biomarkers or secondary measures for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Better assessment approaches and outcomes capable of capturing subtle changes during asymptomatic disease stages are needed.
LIGHT-SCATTERING, A TECHNIQUE FOR STUDYING SOOT IN FLAMES

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1962.
Mechanisms Controlling the Function and Life Span of the Corpus Luteum

The primary function of the corpus luteum is secretion of the hormone progesterone, which is required for maintenance of normal pregnancy in mammals. The corpus luteum develops from residual follic...
Asians and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders Midlife Lesbians' Health: A Pilot Study

SUMMARY The purpose of this pilot study was to determine actual and potential health issues of midlife lesbians who were Asian American, Native Hawaiian, or other Pacific Islanders (A-NHOPI). We explored the health status (body composition, “outness,” smoking, alcohol, and abuse) of 29 A-NHOPI lesbians; 34.5% were totally disclosed to family, co-workers, and health-care providers. They reported high rates of quitting smoking, and low rates of smoking and alcohol abuse. Childhood physical abuse was reported by 34.7% and childhood sexual abuse was reported by 28.6% of these women. Findings from this study will assist therapists with some of the issues affecting A-NHOPI midlife lesbians.
Interactive Effects of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Tunneling and Drought Stress on Field Corn Water Relations

The effects of drought stress and stem tunneling by European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), on water relations of field corn, Zea mays L., were evaluated in 1987 and 1988. Using a pressure chamber, leaf and stem water potentials averaged 3.8 and 3.5 bars, respectively, higher in plants from well-watered soils compared with droughtstressed plants. Larval tunneling had no effect on the leaf or stem water potential. A vacuum infiltration technique was developed to examine the effects of these factors on stem hydraulic conductance and provided hydraulic conductance measurements comparable with that predicted with the Hagen-Poiseuille equation. O. nubilalis tunneling reduced the internode hydraulic conductance by up to 63.5% compared with undamaged stems, and slight reductions were also seen with conductance through intact stems (internode with attached node). The node appeared to mitigate the effects of tunneling on hydraulic conductance in intact stem sections. Soil moisture status had no effects on hydraulic conductance as measured with the vacuum infiltration technique. O. nubilalis tunneling, from a Single larva, rendered an average of 36.6% of the medullary xylem vessels nonfunctional and also slightly reduced the functioning of the peripheral xylem vessels. Finally, O. nubilalis tunnel dimensions averaged 783.1 mm3 in volume, and 46.7 mm in length, and 9.2% of the stem area was tunneled. Tunnel dimensions were generally similar in stem sections from plants from fully irrigated and drought-stressed soils. Tunnel measurements related to cavity volume and cross-sectional area destroyed were more closely correlated with hydraulic conductance than were tunnel length or shape. The majority of damage to the plants' vascular system, as reflected by hydraulic conductance, stained vessels, and cavity dimensions, occurred during the first 6 d of tunneling.
Comparative Analysis of HIV Antibody Screening Positive and Western Blot Test Results

Objective To analyze the relationship between ELISA and WB results by comparing the HIV antibody screening positive results and Westem Blot test results.Methods ELISA results of 144 screening positive samples were compared with WB results,the relationship between ELISA and WB results were studied accordingto the variations of ELISA S/CO value.Results There were 86 HIV-1 positive specimens,34 negative specimens,24 indeteminate specimens confirmed by WB test among 144 screening test positive specimens.The positive consistency of ELISA and WB was 59.7%.S/CO average value of confirmed positive specimens was 15.7;S/CO average value of confirmed indeteminate specimens was 3.04;S/CO average value of confirmed negative specimens was 1.24.In positive specimens The appearance rate of p55 was lowest(48.8%),that of others was over 85%,gpl60、gpl20 reactive bands was 100%.The appearance rate of p24 was highest(75%),that of others was less than 20% in indeteminate specimens.Conclusion The final HIV antibody test results must be confirmed by WB test as false positives do exist in the screening test.When the S/CO value is high,it is most possible that the specimen is"positive",When the S/CO value is low,it is most possible that the specimen is"negative"or"indeteminate".WB test has limitation in differting"negative"or"positive"from"indeteminate"specimens
A time-series study on the association of daily mortality and air pollution in Luwan district,Shanghai

[Objective] To assess the association between air pollution and daily mortality in Luwan District,Shanghai. [Methods] All death records of the deceased who lived in Luwan district from January 1,2001 to December 31,2004 were collected.A time-series approach(GAM and GLM) was used to study the acute effects of air pollution on daily mortality after controlling for long-term trends,weather variables,and day of the week. [Results] An increase of 10μg/ m~3 of PM_(10),SO_2 and NO_2 corresponded to 1.0003(95% CI 1.0000~1.0007),1.0009(95% CI 0.9998~1.0019) and 1.0012(95% CI 1.0003~1.0021) relative risk of daily mortality in GAM and 1.0004(95% CI 1.0000~1.0008),1.0008(95% (CI) 0.9998~1.0019) and 1.0012(95% CI 1.0002~1.0022)in GLM,respectively in Shanghai. [Conclusion]Two analysis models have similar result that air pollution has an effect on mortality.
Nonsurgical Treatment of Sinusitis

Acute infections of the paranasal sinuses are infrequent yet important complications of viral upper respiratory tract infections. Chronic sinusitis may occur with recurrent episodes of sinusitis. In immune compromised patients unusual and resistant organisms may be encountered. The pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and various medical therapies are discussed.
Clinical and roentgenographic evaluation of hydroxyapatite-coated and uncoated porous total hip arthroplasty: a preliminary report.

Abstract Sixty osteoarthritic patients undergoing primary uncemented total hip arthroplasty were matched for age and weight and randomized Into one of four groups with respect to implant coating and postoperative protected weight-bearing status: group 1, hydroxyapatits, 12 weeks; group 2, uncoated, 12 weeks; group 3, hydroxyapathe, 6 weeks; group 4, uncoated, 6 weeks. Tantalum spheres were implanted periprosthetically into the femur at the time of arthroplasty, thus providing constant references for stereoscopic radiographs. Patients were then evaluated over a 1-year period with clinical examination, plain radiography, and roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA). Clinical evaluation using Charnley scoring showed no significant preoperative or postoperative intergroup differences, whereas visual analog testing noted less thigh pain with hydroxyapatite-coated stems at 12 weeks and 6 months follow-up. Plain radiographic analysis produced no significant differences, with no instability detected and bony ingrowth noted uniformly in all groups. The preliminary stereographic evaluation showed migration in all groups, but there were no significant differences between coated and uncoated stems or 6-week and 12-week partial weightbearing protocols. The Charnley, plain radiographic, and preliminary stereogrammetric evaluations all suggest that migration is unaltered by enhanced surfaces and that early unprotected weightbearing does not jeopardize implant fixation regardless of coating design. The lower incidence of visual analog thigh pain with the hydroxyapatite-coated stems, however, may be a reflection of bony ingrowth and as such add some validity to the theoretical advantages of enhanced surface prostheses.
Three Dimensional Characterization of Tin Crystallography and Cu 6 Sn 5 Intermetallics in Solder Joints by Multiscale Tomography

Decreasing pitch size in electronic packaging has resulted in a drastic decrease in solder volumes. The Sn grain crystallography and fraction of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in small-scale solder joints evolve much differently at the smaller length scales. A cross-sectional study limits the morphological analysis of microstructural features to two dimensions. This study utilizes serial sectioning technique in conjunction with electron backscatter diffraction to investigate the crystallographic orientation of both Sn grains and Cu6Sn5 IMCs in Cu/Pure Sn/Cu solder joints in three dimensional (3D). Quantification of grain aspect ratio is affected by local cooling rate differences within the solder volume. Backscatter electron imaging and focused ion beam serial sectioning enabled the visualization of morphology of both nanosized Cu6Sn5 IMCs and the hollow hexagonal morphology type Cu6Sn5 IMCs in 3D. Quantification and visualization of microstructural features in 3D thus enable us to better understand the microstructure and deformation mechanics within these small scale solder joints.
The changing nature of plant–microbe interactions during a biological invasion

Invasive plant species can alter belowground microbial communities. Simultaneously, the composition of soil microbial communities and the abundance of key microbes can influence invasive plant success. Such reciprocal effects may cause plant–microbe interactions to change rapidly during the course of biological invasions in ways that either inhibit or promote invasive species growth. Here we use a space-for-time substitution to illustrate how effects of soil microbial communities on the exotic legume Vicia villosa vary across uninvaded sites, recently invaded sites, and sites invaded by V. villosa for over a decade. We find that soil microorganisms from invaded areas increase V. villosa growth compared to sterilized soil or live soils collected from uninvaded sites, likely because mutualistic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia are not abundant in uninvaded areas. Notably, the benefits resulting from inoculation with live soils were higher for soils from recently invaded sites compared to older invasions, potentially indicating that over longer time scales, soil microbial communities change in ways that may reduce the success of exotic species. These findings suggest that short-term changes to soil microbial communities following invasion may facilitate exotic legume growth likely because of increases in the abundance of mutualistic rhizobia, but also indicate that longer term changes to soil microbial communities may reduce the growth benefits belowground microbial communities provide to exotic species. Our results highlight the changing nature of plant–microbe interactions during biological invasions and illustrate how altered biotic interactions could contribute to both the initial success and subsequent naturalization of invasive legume species.
The role of community composition in grassland response to two methods of exotic forb removal

Invasive plants can seriously threaten biodiversity and ecosystem function. Thus, controlling the abundance and mitigating the deleterious effects of invasive plants is imperative. The effectiveness of removal methods could vary based on potential damage to non‐target species and on the ecological context of invasion. For example, species‐poor communities might benefit disproportionately from invasive removal because they tend to be more heavily invaded than species‐rich communities. In this study, we tested the efficacy of two common methods of invasive plant control, hand removal and 2,4‐D herbicide application, against the invasive forb, Galium verum. We further tested whether the community response to G. verum removal varied across communities that differed in native grass richness (one, three or six species) and composition. Grass diversity did not interact with G. verum removal to influence any response. Instead, hand removal and herbicide application each reduced G. verum stem density by >50% relative to controls. Furthermore, hand removal of G. verum increased species richness by 25% relative to controls and herbicide‐sprayed plots. Despite this benefit, hand removal is labour‐intensive and impractical for large areas. These results also suggest that applying herbicide may control G. verum spread without substantially reducing forb diversity in invaded tallgrass prairie. Thus, herbicide application may be most suitable for grasslands with low native forb diversity, especially in managed grasslands and pastures where maintaining native forb diversity is a lower priority than maintaining high grass productivity.
Thermoset Blends of an Epoxy Resin and Polydicyclopentadiene

The mechanical properties of two chemically distinct and complementary thermoset polymers were manipulated through development of thermoset blends. The thermoset blend system was composed of an anhydride-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-based epoxy resin, contributing high tensile strength and modulus, and polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD), which has a higher toughness and impact strength as compared to other thermoset polymers. Ultra-small-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis explored the morphology of concurrently cured thermoset blends, revealing a macroscopically phase separated system with a surface fractal structure across blended systems of varying composition. The epoxy resin rich and PDCPD rich phases exhibited distinct glass transitions (Tg’s): the Tg observed at higher temperature was associated with the epoxy resin rich phase and was largely unaffected by the presence of PDCPD, whereas the PDCPD rich phase Tg systematically decreased with increasing epoxy resin content due ...
Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Histologic Variants of Urothelial Cancer Treated with Trimodality Bladder-sparing Therapy

Abstract Background Trimodality bladder-sparing therapy (TMT) is an acceptable treatment for selected patients with muscle-invasive urothelial cancer. Outcomes of TMT in histologic variants remains largely unknown. Objective To compare outcomes of pure urothelial carcinoma (PUC) to variant urothelial carcinoma (VUC) after TMT. Design, setting, and participants Retrospective study of patients treated with TMT at a single cancer center from 1993 until 2013. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities, and univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis. Results and limitations Of 303 patients treated with TMT, 66 (22%) had VUC. Fifty (76%) had VUC with squamous and/or glandular differentiation and 16 (24%) had other forms. Complete response rate after induction TMT was 83% in PUC and 82% in VUC ( p =0.9). The 5-yr and 10-yr disease-specific survival (DSS) was 75% and 67% in PUC versus 64% and 64% in VUC. The 5-yr and 10-yr overall survival (OS) was 61% and 42% in PUC versus 52% and 42% in VUC. On multivariable analysis VUC was not associated with DSS (hazard ratio: 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.8–2.2, p =0.3) or OS (hazard ratio: 1.2, 95% confidence interval: 0.8–1.7, p =0.4). Salvage cystectomy rates were similar (log-rank p =0.3). Limitations include retrospective design and restriction to variants of urothelial cancer. Conclusions VUC responded to TMT, and there was no significant difference in complete response, OS, DSS, or salvage cystectomy rates compared with PUC. The presence of VUC should not exclude patients from TMT. Patient summary The response of histologic variants of bladder cancer to bladder-sparing chemoradiation is largely unknown. We compared the outcomes of histologic variants of urothelial cancer to pure urothelial cancer in a large series of patients from a single institution. We found that variant histology does not significantly influence outcomes.
A trusted computing architecture for health care

Software integrity and medical data secrecy in health care applications are at risk. The existing health care computing infrastructures lack the support of critical cybersecurity features, such as dynamic software integrity verifications and role-based authorization. Health-related operations are being administered and delivered to patients without proper knowledge or awareness about the integrity status of the underlying software component. To address these problems, we propose a trusted computing architecture that supports the integration of: (1) fine-grained active medical software components integrity verification techniques and (2) fine-grained active role-based authorization mechanisms. The new architecture makes use of code attestation-based technology for isolating sensitive and safety-critical code execution in health-related applications, using a minimal Trusted Computing Base (TCB). With this architecture, caregivers can perform dynamic software integrity monitoring and active role-based authorization during their medical practice.
On Detection of Community Structure in Dynamic Social Networks

Community structure is a very special and interesting property of social networks. Knowledge of network community structure not only provides us key insights into developing more social-aware strategies for social network problems, but also promises a wide range of applications enabled by mobile networking, such as routings in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and worm containments in cellular networks. Unfortunately, understanding this structure is very challenging, especially in dynamic social networks where social activities and interactions tend to come and go rapidly. Can we quickly and efficiently identify the network community structure? Can we adaptively update this structure based on its history instead of recomputing from scratch?In this chapter, we present two methods for detecting community structures on social networks. First, we introduce Quick Community Adaptation (QCA), an adaptive modularity-based method for identifying and tracing the discrete community structure of dynamic social networks. This approach has not only the power of quickly and efficiently updating the network structure by only using the identified structures, but also the ability of tracing the evolution of its communities over time. Next, we present DOCA, an quick method for revealing the overlapping network communities that can be implemented in a decentralized manner. To illustrate the effectiveness of our methods, we extensively test QCA and DOCA on not only synthesized but also on real-world dynamic social networks including ENRON email network, arXiv e-print citation network and Facebook network. Finally, we demonstrate the bright applicability of our methods via two realistic applications on routing strategies in MANETs and worm containment on online social networks.
Using lexical bundles to teach articles to L2 English learners of different proficiencies

Abstract The purpose of the study is to examine the potential for teaching articles using lexical bundles with adult English language learners of varying proficiency levels. Participants were low-intermediate and high-intermediate English as a second language students (n = 107). Using a pretest/posttest/delayed posttest design, the learners were assigned to either the experimental group or the control group. The experimental treatment involved a consciousness-raising activity with explicit instruction that used core expressions extracted from target lexical bundles (e.g., number of is the core expression of bundles like in a number of, the total number of) and focused on the core expressions' adjoining articles in context. The data were collected over three weeks through pre/posttests in which participants wrote sentences using the core expressions. The results showed both low- and high-proficiency treatment groups showed significant improvement on the posttests. The findings also showed that all learners’ most frequent error was omission of articles where they are required within bundles. Omission errors as proportion of total errors decreased over the course of the study for both treatment groups. The results suggest that bundles, as article-including expressions that function as wholes in discourse, can be an effective tool to teach article uses in context.
Separation of the Chlorella ATP:Urea amido-lyase into two components

Abstract A Chlorella extract capable of cleaving urea to CO2 and NH3 in the presence of ATP has been separated into two enzymes neither of which demonstrates this activity alone. The first enzyme forms allophanate in the presence of urea, CO2, biotin, ATP and Mg++. The second enzyme decomposes allophanate to CO2 and NH3 without added cofactors and in the presence of avidin.
The postgenomic politics of race

In this chapter I reflect on new trends in racial politics in the postgenomic age. I highlight the ways in which struggles over the characterization of race and the amelioration of racial inequality have come to be a driver of large-scale global research programs and science activism has come to stand in for mass activism. Drawing on the analysis of in-depth interviews with genomic elites and content analysis of the body of literature on race and genomics published from 1986–2010, I show how scientists take on the banner of racial activism but ultimately fail to bring about a politics that can aid and abet mass movements. Instead, these postgenomic developments reinscribe a deterministic understanding of race, one that supports racial essentialism and inequality.
Potential for thermal damage to the blood-brain barrier during craniotomy: implications for intracortical recording microelectrodes.

Objective Our objective was to determine how readily disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) occurred as a result of bone drilling during a craniotomy to implant microelectrodes in rat cortex. While the phenomenon of heat production during bone drilling is well known, practices to evade damage to the underlying brain tissue are inconsistently practiced and reported in the literature. Approach We conducted a review of the intracortical microelectrode literature to summarize typical approaches to mitigate drill heating during rodent craniotomies. Post mortem skull-surface and transient brain-surface temperatures were experimentally recorded using an infrared camera and thermocouple, respectively. A number of drilling conditions were tested, including varying drill speed and continuous versus intermittent contact. In vivo BBB permeability was assayed 1 h after the craniotomy procedure using Evans blue dye. Main results Of the reviewed papers that mentioned methods to mitigate thermal damage during craniotomy, saline irrigation was the most frequently cited (in six of seven papers). In post mortem tissues, we observed increases in skull-surface temperature ranging from +3 °C to +21 °C, dependent on drill speed. In vivo, pulsed-drilling (2 s-on/2 s-off) and slow-drilling speeds (1000 r.p.m.) were the most effective methods we studied to mitigate heating effects from drilling, while inconclusive results were obtained with saline irrigation. Significance Neuroinflammation, initiated by damage to the BBB and perpetuated by the foreign body response, is thought to play a key role in premature failure of intracortical recording microelectrodes. This study demonstrates the extreme sensitivity of the BBB to overheating caused by bone drilling. To avoid damage to the BBB, the authors recommend that craniotomies be drilled with slow speeds and/or with intermittent drilling with complete removal of the drill from the skull during 'off' periods. While saline alone was ineffective at preventing overheating, its use is still recommended to remove bone dust from the surgical site and to augment other cooling methods.
Edge-based street object detection

Nowadays everything is becoming smart and intelligent with the help of Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). One of the promising applications of the integration of IoT and AI is smart city. The typical design pattern of smart cities is to install cameras and various sensors as many spots as possible and connect them to data center servers that can make smart decisions based on the inputs from the cameras and sensors. In such structure, network bandwidth may hinder the real-time processing because sensory data should be sent to the servers in the remote location before making any decision. To solve this problem, recent a few studies demonstrated edge computing. In edge computing, IoT devices can handle basic recognition. Thus, only sophisticated inputs that are not handled by IoT devices are sent to remote servers. In this paper, we demonstrate that the edge computing can provide stand-alone processing power for handling one of the fundamental applications of smart city, which is street object detection. Correct detection of various street objects is the core function of traffic systems and public safety applications of smart cities. A convolutional neural network model is developed by training with traffic data captured at California and Nebraska. Our model detects 14 objects with 25% average accuracy on NVIDIA Jetson TX2.
Daniel Bernoulli’s Hydrodynamica (1960)

Daniel Bernoulli’S name is familiar to every mathematician, but few have any knowledge of his work beyond the vague generalities, inaccurate details, and dubious anecdotes handed down in popular histories. Most mathematical libraries in the U.S.A. do not contain a single work by him. His papers have never been republished in a collected edition; to the best of my knowledge, this printing of Bernoulli’s great classic work, the Hydrodynamica, is only the second, the date of the first edition being 1738. The contents of the book are so completely unknown among mathematicians and specialists in fluid mechanics that a detailed review, as if it were a new work, would be appropriate. I have discussed it briefly and have translated a few of the most important paragraphs1 into English; it is to be hoped that the edition now under weigh in Basel will not be too long delayed.
Long-term visuospatial performance abnormalities among elite athletes reporting history of concussion

Introduction/Background Elevated risk for musculoskeletal injury after concussion may relate to impaired responsiveness to changing environmental conditions, which might be identified by appropriately designed clinical screening tests. Material and method A retrospective cohort study involved 48 elite athletes at an Olympic training center (34 males: 23.8 ± 4.4 years; 14 females: 25.4 ± 4.5 years). A 60-second test of dual-task visuomotor reaction time (VMRT) involved rapid manual contact with illuminated target buttons while simultaneously providing verbal responses to identify the right or left direction indicated by the center arrow of 20 successive trials of the Eriksen flanker test. A whole-body reactive agility (WBRA) test measured side-shuffling movements in response to 20 virtual reality targets that randomly appeared in right or left positions on a large computer monitor. A meaningful association was defined as having a 90% confidence interval lower limit > 1.0. Results Concussion occurrence prior to testing (2.0 ± 2.3 years) was reported by 44% of the athletes (21/48). Strong univariable associations with concussion history were found for dual-task VMRT asymmetry (left minus right visual field difference ≥ 15 ms; OR = 7.14) and time required to complete the WBRA test (≥ 73 seconds; OR = 6.40). A VMRT asymmetry X WBRA time interaction effect demonstrated 81% sensitivity and 75% specificity (OR = 13.00). A substantial bivariate correlation was also evident between the two continuous variables ( r = .454; P = .001). The occurrence of a lower extremity sprain or strain within the previous 12 months was reported by 67% of the athletes (32/48), which demonstrated an association with concussion history (53% sensitivity, 75% specificity; OR = 3.40). Conclusion A cause-effect relationship cannot be inferred from retrospective analysis, but the results of both clinical tests suggest that impaired visuospatial performance capabilities may explain the previously reported elevation of musculoskeletal injury risk following concussion.
Social Work Challenges: The Boundaries of Ethics

The author discusses the boundaries we draw around ethics in social work and how we distinguish ethical from nonethical concerns. The author purports that sometimes we restrict our ethical vision b...
Natural Language Processing/Text Mining

As we have seen in the previous chapters, traditional statistical analyses and classical data modeling are applied to relational data where the observed information is represented by tables, vectors, arrays, tensors, or data-frames containing binary, categorical, original, or numerical values. Such representations provide incredible advantages (e.g., quick reference and de-reference of elements, search, discovery, and navigation), but also limit the scope of applications. Relational data objects are quite effective for managing information that is based only on existing attributes. However, when data science inference needs to utilize attributes that are not included in the relational model, alternative non-relational representations are necessary. For instance, imagine that our data object includes a free text feature (e.g., physician/nurse clinical notes, biospecimen samples) that contains information about medical condition, treatment or outcome. It’s very difficult, or sometimes even impossible, to include the raw text into the automated data analytics, using classical procedures and statistical models available for relational datasets.
BloomStream: Data Temperature Identification for Flash Based Memory Storage Using Bloom Filters

Data temperature identification is an importance issue of many fields like data caching and storage tiering in modern flash-based storage systems. With the technological advancement of memory and storage, data temperature identification is no longer just a classification of hot and cold, but instead becomes a "multistreaming" data categorization problem to classify data into multiple categories according to their temperature. Therefore, we propose a novel data temperature identification scheme that adopts bloom filters to efficiently capture both frequency and recency of data blocks and accurately identify the exact data temperature for each data block. Moreover, in bloom filter data structure we replace the original OR operation with the XOR masking operation such that our scheme can delete or reset bits in bloom filters and thus avoid high false positives due to saturation. We further utilize twin bloom filters to alternatively keep unmasked clean copies of data and thus ensure low false negative rate. Our extensive evaluation results show that our new scheme can accurately identify the exact data temperature with low false identification rates across different synthetic and real I/O workloads. More importantly, our scheme consumes less memory space compared to other existing data temperature identification schemes.
“She Is his Girlfriend—I Believe this Is a Different Situation”: Gender Differences in Perceptions of the Legality of Intimate Partner Rape

Despite the alarming problem of intimate partner rape (IPR), there is a dearth of empirical data investigating how jury-eligible individuals perceive IPR in a courtroom setting. In particular, very little research has addressed IPR beyond the scope of marital rape. Thus, we investigated how community members perceived intimate partner rape involving both a married and non-married couple in a mock trial context. In Experiment 1, 129 participants (78 women) read a trial summary describing an intimate partner rape that differed as to whether the victim and defendant were married or in a cohabiting, non-marital relationship. In Experiment 2, which involved the same methods as Experiment 1, we gave 153 participants (79 women) four verdict options: not guilty, guilty of Rape in the First-Degree, Intimate Partner Rape, or Sexual Misconduct. In both experiments, women were more likely to render guilty verdicts than men and yielded more pro-victim/anti-defendant judgments. Participants did not perceive the case differently between the marital status conditions. In Experiment 2, the presence of other guilty verdict choices influenced both men and women’s guilt decisions. The proportion of women who found the defendant not guilty of any crime decreased by over 50% in Experiment 2, while the proportion of men who found the defendant not guilty remained stable across experiments. The results suggest that few men and women are willing to convict the defendant of Rape in the First-Degree—especially when presented with other, lesser sexual crime options—and that the victim and defendant’s intimate relationship is a mitigating factor causing mock jurors to view IPR as a lesser, sexual crime different to felony rape.
Cyanobacterial blooms in the central basin of Lake Erie: Potentials for cyanotoxins and environmental drivers

Abstract Lake Erie western basin (WB) cyanobacterial blooms are a yearly summer occurrence; however, blooms have also been reported in the offshore waters of the central basin (CB), and very little is known about what drives these blooms or their potential for cyanobacterial toxins. Cyanobacteria Index was quantified using MODIS and MERIS data for the CB between 2003 and 2017, and water samples were collected between 2013 and 2017. The goals were to 1) quantify cyanobacteria, 2) determine environmental drivers of CB blooms, and 3) determine the potential for cyanobacterial toxins in the CB. Dolichospermum (Anabaena) occurred in the CB during July before the onset of the WB bloom, and then in August and September, the cyanobacteria community shifted towards Microcystis. The largest Dolichospermum blooms (2003, 2012, 2013, and 2015) were associated with reduced water clarity (Secchi disk depth 20 μmol/L) and high nitrogen-to‑phosphorus ratios (>100), which indicate nutrient concentrations or ratios did not select for Dolichospermum. Additionally, the sxtA gene, but not mcyE or microcystins, were detected in the CB during July 2016 and 2017. The mcyE gene and microcystins were detected in the CB during August 2016 and 2017. The results indicate the CB's potential for cyanotoxins shifts from saxitoxins to microcystins throughout the summer. Continued monitoring of cyanobacteria and multiple cyanobacterial toxins is recommended to ensure safe drinking water for CB coastal communities.
From Ayotzinapa to Tlatelolco: A Memorial of Grievances Against the State

In Mexico, as in the case of the massacre of 1968 in Tlatelolco, there exists a long tradition of writing history in a tragic or traumatic key by starting from its founding moments of violence, as if the repetitive compulsion could be met only by the compulsion to repeat the trauma. And yet, this essay proposes that perhaps we should not forget that the compulsion to respond to the violence of repression with a sorrow song or a memorial of grievances ends up being very much part and parcel of the effect of displaying the spectacle of sovereign power that was being sought after in the first place. Precisely because it is so terribly awe-inspiring, state violence when it is wielded serves not just as a symptom of vulnerability but also as a way of diverting attention away from the utopian dreams and efforts in resistance and self-government that were unfolding on the ground prior to the punctual onslaught of repression. Drawing important lessons from the experience of the disappeared students of Ayotzinapa, the point is not to let ourselves be blinded by the power of repression but to let ourselves be illuminated by the resistance that comes before it.
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia and Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction: Balance, Gait, and Eye Movement Before and After Multimodal Chiropractic Care: A Case Study

Abstract Objective The purpose of this report is to describe care of a patient with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and bilateral vestibular hypofunction. Clinical Features A 66-year-old patient presented with limited eye movement and mild ptosis, which led to a diagnosis of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Rotary chair testing suggested vestibular involvement. Other symptoms included dizziness, problems with balance, and chronic stiffness in his cervical and thoracic regions. He had anxiety about loss of function and limited exercise habits because of fear of falling. Examination methods included balance assessment, kinetic aspects of walking, and videonystagmography. Intervention and Outcome He had already begun regular practice of vestibular rehabilitation exercises before receiving 18 sessions of manual and instrument-assisted chiropractic manipulation, along with mobilization, stretching, and transverse massage, over 37 weeks. In addition to self-reported improvements, there was substantially decreased postural sway during balance assessment and there were small improvements in eye movement, ptosis, and walking. Conclusion This patient showed improvements in balance, eye movements, and walking while undergoing multimodal chiropractic care and practicing eye and balance exercises.
Royal Macedonian Widows: Merry and Not

The widows and widowed daughters and sisters of Macedonian kings exhibit different degrees of independent action, particularly with regard to their own remarriages, in the context of the maneuverings of the Successors.
Engaging With a New Taxonomy for Clinical Ethics Consultation: What Are the Implications?

Brummett and Salter’s (2019) proposed taxonomy includes positive and negative views of whether clinical ethics consultants (CECs) have moral expertise. Specifically, they ask, can CECs offer ethica...
Geometric calculus on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds.

This article provides a pedagogically oriented introduction to geometric (Clifford) calculus on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. Unlike usual approaches to the topic, which rely on embedding the geometric algebra either within a tensor algebra or within a vector manifold framework, here we define geometric calculus directly, by elementary methods. In particular we use an axiomatic approach that directly parallels textbook introductions to general relativity and pseudo-Riemannian geometry, so that no structure outside the metrical Clifford bundle of the manifold need be introduced. On this basis we develop the full theory of differential calculus for vector, multivector, and tensor fields.
Outcomes of Vancouver C Periprosthetic Femur Fractures.

Abstract Background Periprosthetic femur fractures (PFFs) that occur distal to a total hip arthroplasty, Vancouver C fractures, are challenging to treat. We aimed to report patient mortality, reoperations, and complications following Vancouver C PFFs in a contemporary cohort all treated with a laterally based locking plate. Methods We retrospectively identified 42 consecutive Vancouver C PFFs between 2004 and 2018. There was a high prevalence of comorbidities, including 9 patients with neurologic conditions, 9 with a history of cancer, 8 diabetics, and 8 using chronic anticoagulation. Mean time from total hip arthroplasty to PFF was 6 years (range 1 month to 25 years). All fractures were treated with a laterally based locking plate. Fixation bypassed the femoral component in 98% of cases and extended as proximal as the lesser trochanter in 18%. Kaplan-Meier survival was used for patient mortality, and a competing risk model was used to analyze survivorship free of reoperation and nonunion. Mean follow-up was 2 years. Results Patient mortality was 5% at 90 days and 31% at 2 years. Cumulative incidence of reoperation was 13% at 2 years. There were 5 reoperations including revision osteosynthesis for nonunion and/or hardware failure (2), debridement and hardware removal for infection (2), and removal of hardware and total knee arthroplasty for post-traumatic arthritis (1). Cumulative incidence of nonunion was 10% at 2 years. Conclusion Patients who sustained a Vancouver C PFFs had a high mortality rate (31%) at 2 years. Moreover, 13% of patients required a reoperation within 2 years, most commonly for infection or nonunion.
The Exemplary Practice Life of the Nurse

Nurses consistently stand out in extraordinary ways especially during a global crisis, recently confirmed in the current Covid-19 pandemic. What is opportune this time is the call for clarity around what nurses do and what society can expect from them. Nurses, as members of a global profession, need a platform to build a contemporary practice life. This paper proposes the model: The Exemplary Practice Life of the Nurse. It provides a framework to explicate the essence of the role of the nurse. The model posits four inter-related essential components or pillars that ground a nurse's behavior and commitment: professionalism, leadership, scholarly practice, and stewardship. This uncomplicated, straightforward model is universally applicable for nurses to apply in whatever roles they hold and at any point in their careers. The use of a holistic model, as a guide across a full career trajectory, supports the nurse's ability to prioritize individual pillars while understanding the inter-relationship and influence among the four pillars. The authors pose assumptions that form the basis of the registered nurse role and provide the foundation for the exemplary practice life of the nurse. They make recommendations to nurses, the profession, the workplace, the academy, and the community.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of responsive neurostimulation for drug-resistant focal onset epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the incremental cost-effectiveness of responsive neurostimulation (RNS) therapy for management of medically refractory focal onset seizures compared to pharmacotherapy alone. METHODS We created and analyzed a decision model for treatment with RNS therapy versus pharmacotherapy using a semi-Markov process. We adopted a public payer perspective and used the maximum duration of 9 years in the RNS long-term follow-up study as the time horizon. We used seizure frequency data to model changes in quality of life and estimated the impact of RNS therapy on the annual direct costs of epilepsy care. The model also included expected mortality, adverse events, and costs related to system implantation, programming, and replacement. We interpreted our results against societal willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50 000, $100 000, and $200 000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). RESULTS Based on three different calculated utility value estimates, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for RNS therapy (with continued pharmacotherapy) compared to pharmacotherapy alone ranged between $28 825 and $46 596. Multiple sensitivity analyses yielded ICERs often below $50 000 per QALY and consistently below $100 000/QALY. SIGNIFICANCE Modeling based on 9 years of available data demonstrates that RNS therapy for medically refractory epilepsy very likely falls within the range of cost-effectiveness, depending on method of utility estimation, variability in model inputs, and willingness-to-pay threshold. Several factors favor improved cost-effectiveness in the future. Given the increasing focus on delivering cost-effective care, we hope that this analysis will help inform clinical decision-making for this surgical option for refractory epilepsy.
Information retrieval at the millenium.

Abstract Information retrieval systems were among the first medical informatics applications, yet their use has changed substantially in this decade with the growth of end-user computers and the Internet. While early challenges revolved around how to increase the amount of information available in electronic form, more recent challenges center on how to manage the growing volume. Traditional information retrieval issues--such as how to organize and index information to make it more retrievable as well as how to evaluate the effectiveness of systems--are still as pertinent as ever.
A geographic analysis of non-Russian minorities in Russia and its ethnic homelands.

The paper...analyzes the characteristics of 27 million non-Russians who constituted 18 percent of the population of the Russian Federation and its 31 ethnic homelands in 1989. Utilizing data from all Soviet censuses (from 1926) it reviews long-term historical trends; growth patterns related to urban-rural differences family size regional contrasts in rates of natural increase and specific ethnic traits; migration patterns; factors influencing language shifts to the Russian; effect of location inside or outside homeland; and the influences of transportation cities and economic development in individual homelands. (EXCERPT)
A T4 bacteriophage mutant which lacks deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase but retains the polymerase-associated nuclease.

Abstract Many T4 bacteriophage amber mutants in gene 43 do not induce the synthesis of either the phage DNA polymerase or the exonuclease which is physically inseparable from the polymerase. One mutant has been found in which a single amber mutation in gene 43 leads to the production of a protein which lacks the polymerase but retains the nuclease function of the wild type enzyme. The enzyme formed by this mutant in two unrelated nonpermissive hosts has chromatographic and enzymatic properties which differ somewhat from the wild type. Single step revertants of this mutant and infection of a permissive host by the mutant result in a polymerase and associated nuclease whose chromatographic and enzymatic properties are close to that of the wild type.
The Medical Anthropology of Water

A Companion to Medical Anthropology examines the current issues, controversies, and state of the field in medical anthropology today.
Electroosmotic Pore Transport in Human Skin

Purpose. To determine the pathways and origin of electroosmotic flow in human skin. Methods. Iontophoretic transport of acetaminophen in full thickness human cadaver skin was visualized and quantified by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Electroosmotic flow in the shunt pathways of full thickness skin was compared to flow in the pores of excised stratum corneum and a synthetic membrane pore. The penetration of rhodamine 6G into pore structures was investigated by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results. Electroosmotic transport is observed in shunt pathways in full thickness human skin (e.g., hair follicles and sweat glands), but not in pore openings of freestanding stratum corneum. Absolute values of the diffusive and iontophoretic pore fluxes of acetaminophen in full thickness human skin are also reported. Rhodamine 6G is observed to penetrate to significant depths (∼200 μm) along pore pathways. Conclusions. Iontophoresis in human cadaver skin induces localized electroosmotic flow along pore shunt paths. Electroosmotic forces arise from the passage of current through negatively charged meso- or nanoscale pores (e.g., gap functions) within cellular regions that define the pore structure beneath the stratum corneum.
New Clues to Atmospheric Heating Processes in Luminous Cool Stars

New spectroscopic and photometric observations of luminous cool stars enable us to identify and map out the presence of various heating mechanisms in the color-magnitude diagram. Low mass stars on the main sequence show clear magnetic dynamo activity. As a star evolves off the main sequence and moves toward the supergiant region, or across and up the red giant branch, observations suggest that non-magnetic heating processes occur and eventually dominate in the atmospheres of giant and supergiant stars. The coolest and most luminous stars may have pure hy-drodynamic chromospheres. Hybrid giant and supergiant stars appear to provide the link between the magnetically-dominated atmosphere and the hydrodynamic chromosphere.