cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple Images Embedding Scheme Based on Moment Preserving Block Truncation Coding

A low-complexity grayscale image embedding scheme that can embed multiple secret images is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, different users can extract different secret images according to the secret keys they hold. To reduce the storage cost of the secret images, each of the secret images is first compressed using an improved version of the moment preserving block truncation coding scheme. The compressed message of each secret image is then encrypted by the DES cryptography system with different secret key and then embedded into the host image using the modulus least-significant-bit substitution technique. According to the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed scheme consumes a little computational cost. Besides, different users can extract different number of secret images. In other words, the proposed scheme indeed provides a good approach for the hiding of grayscale images with access control.
Remembering In and Out of Context

Three experiments examined the incidental associations between list-learning material and the environmental context of that list's presentation. The environmental reinstatement effect is that subjects remember more when tested in their original learning environment relative to those tested in a new environmental context. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this effect is due to a memory process, rather than a general performance decrement caused by the unfamiliarity of the new test room. The reinstatement effect was eliminated in Experiment 2 when subjects tested in a new room were instructed to recall the original learning environment just prior to free recall of list words. This release from contextual dependence was diminished in Experiment 3 when the original learning room was made more difficult to remember. The results show that context effects can be brought under cognitive control; subjects can supply their own contextual retrieval cues when the context can be easily recalled. Contextual dependence of memory refers to phenomena which show that memory is best when the situational or contextual conditions present at learning are reinstated at the time of the test. Such phenomena have
The bond length of ZrAr

Abstract The photodissociation spectrum of isolated ZrAr + has been observed. The bond length in the vibrationless ground state is r 0 = 2.718 ± 0.01 A with Ω″ = 3 2 . The c state of this ion has Ω′ = 5 5 , an electronic origin at T 00 = 15580 cm −1 , a vibrational frequency of ω e = 74.9 cm −1 , an anharmonicity of ω e x e = 1.15 cm −1 , an equilibrium rotational constant of B e = 0.0655, and a rotation-vibration constant of α e = 0.00154 cm −1 . The bond length of this excited state is r 0 = 3.050 ± 0.01 A with a diabatic bond energy of 1170 ± 20 cm −1 . Assignment of the c-X band convergence places the adiabatic binding energy of ground state of ZrAr + at D 0 = 2706 ± 20 cm −1 .
Endocardial fibrosis in apparently normal infant hearts

A classification of the histological appearance of the endocardium in infants, and observers' reproducibility tests have been carried out. In a retrospective survey of 262 overtly normal hearts, what is considered to be abnormal thickening of the endocardium was found in 3.4%, and probably significant thickening in 20%. The changes occurred in unexpected home deaths as well as in hospital deaths and the lesions may be a contributing factor in some cot deaths, but a prospective study is required to confirm this.
Thirty Years in the Storm: Leadership at an African-Centered School.

For most Americans, access to a quality education has always been perceived as the fundamental link to upward mobility and increased life chances within our society (Ballantine and Hammack in The sociology of education: a systematic analysis. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2011; Brown et al. 2010; Holyfield 2002). This perception of the role of education has been particularly salient for African American people. From the beginning of their experiences in America, the African American community creatively established schools for their children (Anderson in The education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1988). Even during the enslavement of the majority of African people in this country, they would often risk their lives in the effort to learn to read and write (Douglass and Stepto in Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2009). Subsequently this rich history, along with the continued presence of inequities and underachievement in the public schools became the undergirding impetus for the development of independent Black schools within the African American communities around the nation beginning in the early 1960’s. Through the years, many of these schools have waged a fervent battle to remain operating. In spite of difficulties with various factors such as, finances, facilities location and maintenance, as well as an unstable teaching force, the leaders who founded these institutions remain committed to the education of African American children. Currently, there is a paucity of research on the founders of these independent Black schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate the educational philosophy and strategies which guided the decision-making process of the founder of an independent Black school.
Targeted neuronal cell ablation in the drosophila embryo: Pathfinding by follower growth cones in the absence of pioneers

We developed a rapid method that uses diphtheria toxin, the flp recognition target sequences, and the GAL4-UAS activation system, to ablate specific neurons in the Drosophila embryo and to examine the consequences in large numbers of embryos at many time points. We used this method to show that, in the absence of the aCC axon, which pioneers the intersegmental nerve in the PNS, the three U follower axons are delayed and make frequent errors. However, the pathway ultimately forms in most segments. We also ablated the axons that pioneer the first longitudinal pathways within the CNS and observed similar results; the formation of longitudinal pathways is delayed and disorganized in 70% of segments, but these tracts ultimately form in 80% of segments. Thus, pioneers facilitate the development of PNS and CNS axon pathways; in their absence, followers are delayed and make numerous errors. However, pioneers are not absolutely required, as these embryos display a remarkable ability to correct for the loss of the pioneering neurons.
Effect of mutations in Barley yellow dwarf virus genomic RNA on the 5' termini of subgenomic RNAs

To investigate the role in transcription initiation of sequences upstream of the promoter for subgenomic RNA2 (sgRNA2) of Barley yellow dwarf virus PAV, deletion and insertion clones were constructed and the 5' termini of all three sgRNAs were determined. Deletion and insertion of sequences upstream of the transcription start site of sgRNA2 altered the position and nucleotide used to initiate transcription of sgRNA2, but not of sgRNAs 1 or 3. Since the promoter for sgRNA2 is downstream of the mutations, these results show that sequences outside of the core promoter can influence transcription start site selection from the sgRNA2 promoter.
The effect of light intensity on Colorado potato beetle resistance and foliar glycoalkaloid concentration of fourSolanum chacoense clones

Controlled environment experiments were used to determine the effect of light intensity on levels of glycoalkaloids and resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (CPB),Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, inSolanum chacoense Bitter clones that synthesized acetylated glycoalkaloids, the leptines. Plants were grown under two light intensities, 50 or 250 ώmol m-2S-1, and bioassayed for CPB resistance by placing neonate larvae on excised foliage. Larval development stage and mortality were recorded after four days. The leptine-synthesizing clones responded to the increase in light intensity with a 2–4 fold increase in level of foliar leptines. Larval development rate on foliage from plants grown under high light intensity was reduced and larval mortality increased. Results showed a significant (p>0.05) effect of light on glycoalkaloid synthesis and CPB resistance.
The use of linear programming in some common applications of Bayes’ rule

Bayes’ theorem is often applied in problems that essentially involve finding the accuracy of atesting device, given the sensitivity of the device. It is shown how linear programming can be used to determine (in a certain sense) the minimum sensitivity needed for a given prescribed minimum accuracy.
Transfer of susceptibility to experimental autoimmune orchitis from responder to non-responder substrains of BALB/c mice

Abstract Substrains of BALB/c mice differ in their susceptibility to experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO), with BALB/cJ representative of the non-responders and BALB/cBy representative of the responders. We examined whether the susceptibility of these two substrains could be altered by reciprocal adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells. The cells transferred were of three types, normal spleen cells, T cell-enriched spleen and lymph node cells from mice immunized with testis homogenate (TH) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and given an extract of Bordetella pertussis (BP) and the latter cells activated by in vitro culture with TH antigen for 48 h. Controls were given buffer alone. Cell or buffer recipients were immunized with TH + CFA + BP three weeks later and examined for testicular histopathology 25–28 days after immunization. The cultured, immune T-enriched cells were consistently effective in transferring susceptibility from BALB/cBy to BALB/cJ. In the reverse experiments, non-responsiveness could be transferred from BALB/cJs to BALB/cBys most effectively with immune, non-cultured T-enriched cells. Transfer of cultured, immune T-enriched cells from BALB/cJs to other BALB/cJs had no significant effect on susceptibility to EAO. The results suggest that susceptibility to EAO in BALB/c mice depends on the T cell responses in the mice and not on differences at the level of the testis.
Support for Teaching the Liberal Arts: An Institutional Dilemma.

Using data from a random sample of chief liberal arts academic officers in American colleges and universities, the authors examine the support of teaching in the liberal arts (defined as the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities). Information is presented on 15 categories of faculty support for teaching and research, basic teaching conditions, tenure decisions, and merit salary increases. Differences in support are examined among institutions that vary in size, location, sponsorship, and degree level. These findings suggest that liberal arts teaching is in less than excellent health on most American campuses. In addition, the researchers note numerous inconsistencies among resources, standards, and rewards in American institutions of higher learning and urge liberal arts administrators to reduce these inconsistencies where possible.
TOKEN REINFORCEMENT: A REVIEW AND ANALYSIS

Token reinforcement procedures and concepts are reviewed and discussed in relation to general principles of behavior. The paper is divided into four main parts. Part I reviews and discusses previous research on token systems in relation to common behavioral functions—reinforcement, temporal organization, antecedent stimulus functions, and aversive control—emphasizing both the continuities with other contingencies and the distinctive features of token systems. Part II describes the role of token procedures in the symmetrical law of effect, the view that reinforcers (gains) and punishers (losses) can be measured in conceptually analogous terms. Part III considers the utility of token reinforcement procedures in cross-species analysis of behavior more generally, showing how token procedures can be used to bridge the methodological gulf separating research with humans from that with other animals. Part IV discusses the relevance of token systems to the field of behavioral economics. Token systems have the potential to significantly advance research and theory in behavioral economics, permitting both a more refined analysis of the costs and benefits underlying standard economic models, and a common currency more akin to human monetary systems. Some implications for applied research and for broader theoretical integration across disciplines will also be considered.
Dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced echo‐planar MR imaging of the liver: Effect of pulse sequence and dose on enhancement

To develop guidelines for clinical magnetic resonance imaging of the liver, the authors undertook an animal study to investigate the effect of dose and pulse sequence on liver signal intensity in gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced echo-planar imaging. Serial imaging of the liver was performed in anesthetized rats after intravenous administration of five different doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mmol/kg) of contrast agent, with six different pulse sequences. The results show that gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced echo-planar images obtained during the perfusion phase can yield either positive (due to increased T1 relaxation rates) or negative (due to susceptibility-induced increased T2 relaxation rates) liver enhancement depending on choice of pulse sequence and dose. At the current clinically recommended dose of 0.1 mmol/kg, maximal liver signal enhancement was seen with a T1-weighted inversion-recovery sequence, while maximal liver signal diminution was seen with a T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequence. The authors conclude that gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced echo-planar imaging can provide T1, T2, and T2* contrast that may be exploited for both lesion detection and lesion characterization.
Just sustainability in urban parks

This paper seeks to move considerations of just sustainability into the realm of urban parks. The Audubon Center at Debs Park, an urban nature centre located within a Los Angeles, CA, park, provides the means to examine one manifestation of just sustainability in urban recreational space; in its espousal of both environmental sustainability and environmental justice-oriented goals, the centre appears to be representative of a justly sustainable project. This paper then suggests that there are numerous avenues through which park projects may engage more robustly with just sustainability and briefly discusses what justly sustainable projects that place distributive and procedural justice at their centres may look like. Accruing evidence for the ecological and social benefits of parks for nature and society underscores the value of a just sustainability agenda in park research and planning.
Personality dynamics, meaning, and idiosyncrasy: Identifying cross-situational coherence by assessing personality architecture

We employed ideographically-tailored methods for assessing intra-individual personality architecture and identifying patterns of cross-situational coherence in response. Building on a knowledge-and-appraisal model of personality architecture (KAPA), we assessed (a) schematic self-knowledge, (b) beliefs about the situational relevance of schematic attributes, and (c) appraisals of self-efficacy for performance in specific contexts. Results reveal that people display high (low) appraisals of self-efficacy across idiographically-identified sets of situations that, in their subjective belief systems, are related meaningfully to positive (negative) personal qualities that they possess. Response time analyses reveal that appraisals are made more quickly in situations in which positively valenced self-schemas are most likely to be activated. We relate our work to Mischel’s [Mischel, W. (1968). Personality and assessment. New York: Wiley] call for a dynamic psychology of personality that attends to the idiosyncrasies of the individual.
Applying the Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model to Examine Support for Climate Change Mitigation Policy

This study applies the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model to examine how information processing influences individuals’ support for climate change mitigation policy. Perceived iss...
Hospitalization for more than 3 days after thrombolysis for uncomplicated myocardial infarction was not cost-effective

Source Citation Newby LK, Eisenstein EL, Califf RM, et al. Cost effectiveness of early discharge after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2000 Mar 16;342:749-55. 10717009
THE INFLUENCE OF SCALE SIZE ON THE STABILITY OF PERIODIC SOLIDS AND THE ROLE OF ASSOCIATED HIGHER ORDER GRADIENT CONTINUUM MODELS

Abstract Of interest here is the scale size effect on the stability of finitely strained, rate-independent solids with periodic microstructures. Using a multiple scales asymptotic technique, we express the critical load at the onset of the first instability and the corresponding eigenmode in terms of the scale size parameter e. The zeroth order e terms in these expansions depend on the standard (first order gradient) macroscopic moduli tensor, while all the higher order e terms require the determination of higher order gradient macroscopic moduli. These macroscopic moduli, which are calculated by solving appropriate boundary value problems on the unit cell, relate the macroscopic (unit cell average) stress rate increment to the macroscopic displacement rate gradients. The proposed general theory is subsequently applied to the investigation of the failure surfaces in periodic solids of infinite extent. For these solids one can define in macroscopic strain space a microscopic (local) failure surface, which corresponds to the onset of the first bulking-type instability in the solid, and a macroscopic (global) failure surface, which corresponds to the onset of the first long wavelength instability in the solid. The determination of the macrofailure surface is considerably easier than the determination of the microfailure surface, for it requires the calculation of the standard macroscopic moduli tensor. In addition, the regions where the two surfaces coincide is of significant practical interest, for a macroscopic localized mode of deformation (e.g. in the form of a shear band or a kink band) appears in the post-bifurcation regime. The prediction of these coincidence zones is based on a necessary criterion that depends on the higher order gradient macroscopic moduli. A detailed example is given for the case of layered composites, in view of the possibility of obtaining closed form expressions for all the required macroscopic moduli and in view of the existence of an analytical solution to the microscopic failure problem. Two applications are presented, one for a foam rubber composite and another for a graphite-epoxy composite whose properties have been determined experimentally. Following the verification of the above mentioned necessary criterion for the coincidence of the micro- and macrofailure surfaces in the two examples, the presentation is concluded by a discussion and suggestions for further work.
The rise, fall and persistence of Ada

This paper begins with a brief history of the Ada programming language including the rise of Ada, the Ada Mandate and the fall from grace as a DoD programming language. The paper examines the reasons why the Ada is not widely accepted in certain areas and provides reasons why it should be used in particular areas. The paper then gives examples of where Ada has persisted and found a niche in safety critical, high integrity. The paper also discusses Ada-related organizations and gives examples of projects currently underway in the US and in Europe providing a compelling reason for using Ada in appropriate and critical domain areas.
Recombinant bovine somatotropin stimulates short term increases in growth rate and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in chickens.

Abstract Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbGH) was administered by subcutaneous injection at daily doses of 0.5 or 2.5 mg/kg for a two week period in female broiler chicks between 4 and 6 weeks of age. Half of the chicks received dietary corticosterone at a 1 ppm level. Growth rate was significantly increased 6.1% and 6.9% following one week of treatment with 0.5 or 2.5 mg/kg rbGH respectively. Treatment with the same respective doses of rbGH in the presence of 1 ppm corticosterone, supplied to suppress any possible immune response elicited by the heterologous somatotropin, resulted in an 8.0% and 7.8% increase (P 4 concentrations, while plasma T 3 levels were unchanged. All effects were attenuated during the second week of treatment, concomitant with the development of high antibody titer against rbGH regardless of dietary corticosterone administration. Carcass parameters relating to bone, muscle and fat were not different between rbGH-treated and control chickens at the end of the two week treatment period. Thus rbGH is capable of stimulating a short-term improvement in growth rate, which is related to increased feed consumption and is of limited duration.
Needs for an expanded ontology-based classification of adverse drug reactions and related mechanisms

The growing significance of bioinformatics and systems biology in drug safety research requires a system of adverse-event classification that goes beyond a simple vocabulary. This opinion piece outlines the need for development of an ontology-based framework of describing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and describes the potential applications for such a framework. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2012); 91 6, 963–965. doi:10.1038/clpt.2012.41
Visual detection of single-stranded target DNA using pyrroloquinoline-quinone-loaded liposomes as a tracer

The preparation of DNA-tagged liposomes containing an encapsulated prosthetic group tracer, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), and their application to the development of a sandwich-type hybridization assay for the visual detection of single-stranded DNA are described. Capture DNA is conjugated to the surface of microtiter plate wells through a biotin-streptavidin interaction. Target DNA is incubated with the plate in high salt concentrations. The reporter DNA-tagged liposomes encapsulating PQQ, the prosthetic group of the apo-enzyme glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), are used as the label to probe for bound target DNA. After washing away unbound liposomes and subsequent lysis of the bound fraction by surfactant, PQQ is released and available to activate the apo-enzyme. In the presence of glucose and a redox dye, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP), the dye is reduced to yield an optical color change from blue to colorless. This transition is observed visually or spectrophotometrically. The degree of optical change is proportional to the amount of PQQ present, which directly relates to the number of liposomes and, thus, the total amount of target DNA. An arbitrary target DNA sequence is used as a model system, and a limit of detection of 62 fmol is achieved.
Planning for an Aging Fleet of Shuttle Vehicles with Simulation

San Francisco State University operates a small but aging fleet of shuttle vehicles that facilitate travel by its affiliates to, from, and around campus. Its shuttle system is primarily intended to supplement municipal bus service in connecting the university to the nearest Bay Area Rapid Transit train station in Daly City, California, approximately a mile and a half south of campus. This article presents an animated discrete-event simulation model of the system that can be used by campus planners to make capital improvement decisions about the fleet. In particular, the model can help identify the best type of shuttle (in terms of capacity and number of doors) to replace the older existing vehicles. Furthermore, experimentation with the model can predict how different fleet configurations would accommodate various increases in ridership; e.g., if ridership increases 40% over the next few years, a satisfactory level of service can be maintained by replacing just two of the fleet's six existing shuttles with new 39-passenger, two-door, low-floor vehicles.
Depression of pancreatic exocrine secretion with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Clinical observations.

Diamox, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, was found to be an effective pancreatic exocrine secretory depressant.
Focal-point conformational analysis of ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol

Conformational analysis of three small alcohols—ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol—was carried out by systematically improving the basis set and the level of electron correlation. Correlation energy contributions to conformational energies are strongly basis-set-dependent but accurate energy contributions can be obtained by extrapolation to the basis-set limit. At the basis-set limit, second- and third-order electron correlation effects play a significant role for rotations around the CCOH, HCCO, and CCCO bonds. Specifically, second- and third-order correlation effects strongly stabilize structures in which the hydroxylic hydrogen eclipses with the adjacent carbon; a lesser stabilization is present in structures where the CCOH moiety is in the gauche form. Fourth-order correlation effects to the CCOH rotation are small due to a partial cancellation of the singles, doubles, and quadruples contribution by the triples contribution. Electron correlation significantly lowers barriers for methyl-group rotations in ethanol and isopropanol, and in these cases the fourth-order correlation effects are noticeable. The relatively large overall importance of third-order correlation energy contributions raises a concern that the inability to accurately estimate this slowly converging contribution may become a limiting factor when highly accurate conformational energies in larger molecules are sought.
Standardization/innovation trade-offs in computing: Implications for high-tech antitrust regulation

Much of the history of computing can be seen as an ever-changing balance between standardization and innovation. Fortunately, sophisticated social processes exist that help consumers make informed choices between the two. A better understanding of these processes is essential for an informed understanding of current attempts to regulate the computing industry.
Enumeration of benzenoid series having a constant number of isomers

Abstract Two classes of constant-isomer benzenoid series have been identified. One class is topologically unique and the other forms a pairwise topologically equivalent class; the former class possesses isomer numbers occurring once and the latter class has isomer numbers occurring twice. These two classes appear in both strictly peri-condensed and total resonant sextet benzenoids.
Climatic factors affecting annual maize yields in the valley of Oaxaca, Mexico

Locally measured climatic variables, such as temperature and precipitation, clearly affect agriculture, particularly in semi-arid regions. Some climate/agriculture applications, however, do better to focus on meso- and large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulatory influences on the location of interest. In the Valley of Oaxaca in the highlands of southern Mexico for example, rain-fed maize yields are as sensitive to interannual variations in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and a synoptic index of summer 850 hPa-level temperatures in the Mexico–USA border region as they are to locally measured precipitation, a variable to which yields are also strongly related. From 1978 to 1990, August precipitation explains 62 per cent of the variation in yields on the area planted in rain-fed maize in the Valley of Oaxaca, a region highly dependent on that crop. An index derived from 850 hPa-level temperatures and the annual average value of the SOI are comparable, explaining 48 per cent and 68 per cent of maize-yield variation respectively. This suggests that useful information for agricultural decision-making in the Valley of Oaxaca can be obtained by monitoring ENSO and the development of large-scale circulatory patterns. Unlike local observations, these larger scale phenomena may provide advance warning of precipitation conditions during the agricultural season upon which so many people's livelihoods in the region depend. © 1997 Royal Meteorological Society.
Vascular interface system for automation of haemodynamic monitoring and therapy.

A vascular interface system has been designed to relieve the bedside staff in the critical-care environment of time-consuming and unreliable manual operations. The system has made it possible to link a computer-based data acquisition system directly to the patient and provides for automatic haemodynamic monitoring and therapy. The vascular interface system provides access to the patient's vascular sites primarily through pneumatically operated valve assemblies which are biologically (blood) compatible. All connections between catheter and measuring instruments are short, transparent tubes which are easily visible for observation. Operation of the system is simplified through the use of push-button controls with each control assigned a specific procedure (e.g. pressure monitoring, catheter flush and cardiac output). Special safety features built into the system, such as manual override of valve control, ensure continuing operation despite power failure. The existence of the vascular interface system now allows the distribution of blood to a variety of online satellite systems at the bedside. The use of automated equipment frees vital personnel from time-consuming procedures and allows them to return to the real task of observation and patient care.
Reactive Scattering of CO from an Oxygen-Atom-Covered Au/TiO2 Model Catalyst

We present results of a reactive scattering study of CO from an oxygen-atom-covered Au/TiO2 model catalyst. We studied the CO oxidation reaction with preadsorbed atomic oxygen over a surface temperature range from 65 to 250 K and observed CO2 production at all temperatures studied from the gold-covered titania samples. No reaction is observed on the bare TiO2 (i.e., no gold) at any of the temperatures studied. The CO oxidation reaction is observed to proceed on all gold coverages studied (0.25−30 ML) as well as on a nominally continuous gold film. Hence, we conclude that the reaction of an oxygen atom with CO is relatively particle size independent and even independent of the TiO2 support and therefore not exclusive to the gold−titania interface, if oxygen atoms are preadsorbed prior to CO exposure.
Lattice Cluster Theory for Pedestrians: The Incompressible Limit and the Miscibility of Polyolefin Blends

The high pressure (incompressible), high molecular weight limit of the lattice cluster theory is derived as a first approximation to describe the influence of monomer molecular structure and nonrandom mixing effects on the thermodynamic properties of binary polymer blends. In particular, the noncombinatorial free energy of mixing and the small angle neutron scattering effective interaction parameter χexp emerge in this limit as rather simple, compact analytical expressions that depend on a single microscopic energy and on two geometrical indices obtained easily from the monomer united atom structures. These analytical expressions, in conjunction with the geometrical indices summarized in a table for a wide range of vinyl monomer structures, enable the rapid use of the theory with minor additional effort than the application of Flory−Huggins theory. Our theory is applied to a few polyolefin blends in order (a) to illustrate a new mechanism for the occurrence of lower critical solution temperature (LCST) ph...
Exploiting second-order statistics improves statistical learning of vowels

Unsupervised clustering algorithms were used to evaluate three models of statistical learning of minimal contrasts between English vowel pairs. The first two models employed only first-order statistics with assumptions of uniform [M1] or Gaussian [M2] distributions of vowels in an F1-F2 space. The third model [M3] employed second-order statistics by encoding covariance between F1 and F2. Acoustic measures of F1/F2 frequencies for 12 vowels spoken by 139 men, women, and children (Hillendrand et al. 1995) were used as input to the models. Effectiveness of each model was tested for each minimal-pair contrast across 100 simulations. Each simulation consisted of two centroids that adjusted on a trial-by-trial basis as 1000 F1/F2 pairs were input to the models. With addition of each pair, centroids were reallocated by a k-means algorithm, an unsupervised clustering algorithm that provides an optimal partition of the space into uniformly-sized convex cells. The first-order Gaussian model [M2] performed better th...
Phosphorylation of the nuclear transport machinery down-regulates nuclear protein import in vitro.

We have examined whether signal-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport can be regulated by phosphorylation of the nuclear transport machinery. Using digitonin-permeabilized cell assays to measure nuclear import and export, we found that the phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and microcystin inhibit transport mediated by the import receptors importin β and transportin, but not by the export receptor CRM1. Several lines of evidence, including the finding that transport inhibition is partially reversed by the broad specificity protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine, indicate that transport inhibition is due to elevated phosphorylation of a component of the nuclear transport machinery. The kinases and phosphatases involved in this regulation are present in the permeabilized cells. A phosphorylation-sensitive component of the nuclear transport machinery also is present in permeabilized cells and is most likely a component of the nuclear pore complex. Substrate binding by the importin α·β complex and the association of the complex with the nucleoporins Nup358/RanBP2 and Nup153 are not affected by phosphatase inhibitors, suggesting that transport inhibition by protein phosphorylation does not involve these steps. These results suggest that cells have mechanisms to negatively regulate entire nuclear transport pathways, thus providing a means to globally control cellular activity through effects on nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.
Long-range carbon-—Carbon coupling constants of 9-labeled anthracene derivatives

Abstract 9-13C-Anthrone (1), -9-methylanthracene (2), and -9-methoxyanthracene (3) enriched to more than 90% have been synthesized and carbon-carbon coupling constants involving the labeled-9-carbon have been determined. It is shown that these long-range carbon-carbon couplings can be used to make correct chemical shift assignments. These assignments are verified by a study of homologous compounds and of proton-coupled spectra. These long-range carbon-carbon coupling constants, along with previously obtained couplings from toluene and benzoic acid, find good correlation with the π-bond order of the respective coupling paths. A surprisingly large 4Jcc is noted for 2 and 3.
Career-related goal pursuit among post-high school youth: Relations between personal control beliefs and control strivings

The present research reveals the bi-directional relationship between career-related control beliefs and strivings, and their predictive relationship with hours of gainful employment. Three waves of data of a longitudinal study of 532 graduating high school seniors from four ethnically diverse schools in the Los Angeles Unified School District were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results show individuals' career-related personal control beliefs in effort and social connections, but not in ability or luck, were significantly predictive of career-related control strivings 1 year later. Thus, only personal control beliefs in causal factors that are contingent on an individual's primary control strivings to enact effects are predictive of active motivational engagement in pursuit of career-related goals. Regarding the inverse direction of influence (i.e., strivings predict beliefs), career-related control strivings were significantly predictive of career- related personal control beliefs in ability, effort, and social connections, but not luck, 1 year later. These results sup- port the idea that active goal engagement creates an implemental mindset that optimistically biases individuals' beliefs in their personal control over causal factors relevant to attaining a pursued career-related goal. In addition, the results show that career-related control strivings, but not career-related personal control beliefs, are significantly positively associated with the number of hours of gainful employment worked 1-year later, supporting a beliefs- strivings-outcome sequential relationship.
Maximum and minimum bounds for the growth of a vapour film at the surface of a rapidly heated plate

Abstract A Lagrangian transformation introduced in an earlier paper is here employed to give upper and lower bounds for the growth of a vapour film at the surface of a plate subjected to a monotonic, but otherwise arbitrary, surface temperature or heat flux condition.
Production System Loading-Cycle Time Relationship in Residential Construction

Production home building possesses characteristics similar to manufacturing processes, such as the construction of more or less similar houses repeatedly and a growing demand for mass customization of homes. As a result of these similarities, larger homebuilders often attempt to view their production system as an assembly line process. However, the management tools generally utilized by these home builders are those used in other sectors of the construction industry, such as critical path method scheduling, cost estimating, and earned value analysis. These management tools do not provide an explanation or control/prediction tools for many undesirable situations that arise during home building, such as increasing cycle time which slows delivery of product to consumers and increases project capital costs, and increasing amounts of work in process that increases capital investment and thereby decreases company financial performance. In order to bring better management tools to the residential construction in...
CHROMOSOMES, HYBRIDS AND PLOIDY OF SEDUM CREMNOPHILA AND ECHEVERIA LINGUIFOLIA (CRASSULACEAE)

lar vegetatively and in their unusual inflorescence, their karyotypes are similar (n = 33), and they readily hybridize to produce fertile F1 hybrids. Study of hybrids of these two species with numerous others leads to the conclusion that each of the two is effectively diploid, with a genome consisting of 33 chromosomes that are all different and that do not pair with each other. Therefore, the good chromosome pairing and the fertility of the hybrid between them are the result of close structural and genetic homology between the corresponding chromosomes of the two species. Taxonomic revision to reflect their very close relationship is desir
Selected Bibliography for Computer Courses in the Humanities.

Cette bibliographie est concue comme un outil de recherche pour ceux qui veulent animer un cours sur l'utilisation de l'ordinateur a l'attention d'etudiants en lettres, elle contient des references d'articles et d'ouvrages sur l'enseignement de l'informatique, avec une petite analyse critique
On the existence of periodic solutions on 2-manifolds

In this paper we shall study flows generated by a Cl vector field on a compact two-dimensional manifold. For the sake of simplicity we shall assume that the manifold is orientable in which case the manifold is P, a sphere with h handles. We shall assume that the vector field has a finite, positive number of nondegenerate singularities. Here, “nondegenerate” is taken to mean that the eigenvalues associated with the linearized vector field at a singularity have nonzero real parts. The problem that then interests us is to determine when there exists a nontrivial periodic motion on .?Yh. (A singularity is defined to be a trivial periodic motion.)
Microstructural characterization of rapidly solidified aluminum transition metal alloys

Abstract Current research in the field of rapid solidification is directed toward the development of new and unusual microstructures with improved engineering properties. The most important advancements in the rapid solidification of aluminum alloys have occured in the aluminum-transition metal alloy systems and in process development. The low diffusivities of the transition metals in aluminum and the high elastic moduli of the intermetallic phases in these systems result in microstructures having combined properties of high strength, thermal stability and high elastic modulus. Since coarse particle sizes have deleterious effects on ductility and toughness, control of solidification and composition must be exercised to limit the volume fraction of such coarse primary phases. Microstructural formation in the materials produced by chill methods (ribbon, fiber and splat) and spray methods (powder) will be limited by heat transfer: conduction and convection respectively. Other important factors affecting microstructural formation are the thermodynamic and kinetic considerations related to undercooling. Interface stability can be discussed in terms of theories of constitutional supercooling and morphological stability (Mullins and Sekerka), and the thermodynamics of non-equilibrium solidification for binary alloys in terms of local equilibrium at the interface. Specific microstructural features of both the as-cast and the consolidated and fabricated melt-spun rib bons and powders will be discussed in relation to their respective solidification sequences and processing conditions. Fracture surfaces will be presented since they are representative of the underlying microstructural features. Mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms are also discussed in terms of these features.
Trace elements in human brain: copper, zinc, iron, and magnesium.

Abstract The concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, and magnesium have been determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy for various regions of the brain in cases restricted to non-neurologic disorders. The mean, median, and standard deviation for each of the four analysis elements are shown for each brain region. Recovery studies and elemental concentration variations within a particular region were also investigated.
d-Ribulose production by a mutant of Aerobacter aerogenes

Abstract A mutant of Aerobacter aerogenes which is ribitol dehydrogenase constitutive and d -ribulokinase deficient has been utilized for the oxidation of ribitol to d -ribulose. The yield of d -ribulose was essentially quantitative based upon the amount of ribitol added to the resting cell suspension. The ketopentose isolated gave a biological activity of approximately 60% upon enzymatic assay.
Temperature-dependent developmental rates of Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

The duration of development of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (parasitoid of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman) was detennined at seven constant temperatures. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to test the fit of temperature-dependent developmental rates to the poikilotherm and Logan models. The mean total developmental time of C. grandis was significantly shorter in males than in females. The females completed development in 38.2, 22.5, 18.7, 15.0, 13.3, and 11.8 d from egg to emergence at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33°C. Development in males required 32.2, 18.0, 15.3, 13.0, 11.8, and 11.1 d from egg to adult at the same respective temperatures. All individuals were unable to complete development at 36°C, but they developed successfully to the fifth instar at this temperature. No evidence of development was observed at 39°C. The three models tested fitted the data similarly well; however, the Logan 1 model is recommended over Logan 2 because of its simplicity. Developmental rates of the boll weevil and the native parasitoid Bracon mellitor Say are compared with those observed on C. grandis . Implications on the adaptability of C. grandis to the South Texas environment are discussed.
Size constancy as a function of ageing and X-ray irradiation in rhesus monkeys

Abstract Size constancy was studied in three groups of rhesus monkeys: a group of young now-irradiated S s, a group of old non-irradiated S s, and a group of old chronic survivors of whole-body radiation with large doses of X-ray radiation. The problem involved discriminating between 6 inch and 9 inch squares placed at various distances from S in a somewhat homogeneous background. 1. 1. All S s were deceived considerably during the first 10 trials that size and distance cues provided conflicting information. 2. 2. The performance of S s reached a level comparable to that of non-constancy trials between the 32nd and 42nd constancy trials. 3. 3. Several error producing factors were considered as alternative to the size of the visual angle. Of these the distance between S and the large square had nearly as much error producing potential as visual angle. 4. 4. The results were interpreted as supporting the position that a perception represents one problem of many on a continuum of a learning set.
Predictive modeling of microcracking in carbon‐fiber/epoxy composites at cryogenic temperatures

The temperature at which microcracking occurred in symmetrical cross-ply carbon-fiber/epoxy composite materials was predicted with a yield-stress-based failure model. A fracture mechanics analysis of the in situ strength of the ply groups in a composite material was combined with a compound beam determination of thermal stress development to create the predictive model. This approach, unlike many other models, incorporated the change in the material properties with temperature with the room-temperature properties of the laminate to predict the low-temperature behavior of the ply groups. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to assess microcracking at cryogenic temperatures through the observation of discontinuities in the material properties during failure. Four different material systems were studied, and the model accurately predicted the onset temperature for microcracking in three of the four cases. It was shown that the room-temperature properties of a fiber-reinforced polymeric composite laminate, appropriately modified to account for property variations at low temperatures, could be used to predict transverse microcracking as a response to thermal stresses at cryogenic temperatures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1104–1110, 2004
Accuracy of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions-based ototoxicity monitoring using various primary frequency step-sizes.

AbstractObjective: A cisplatin ototoxicity monitoring protocol was recently proposed using distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) measured in 1/48th octave steps over the highest obtainable quarter octave (). This protocol can take up to 40 minutes to complete in both ears among seriously ill patients in a potentially noisy test environment. The goal of the current study was to contrast the diagnostic accuracy of ototoxicity monitoring protocols based on changes in DPOAE levels at wider, more rapidly tested, primary frequency step sizes. Design: Measure DPOAE levels in 1/48th octave steps over the highest half-octave of obtainable DPOAEs prior to treatment and at each ototoxicity monitoring session during the course of treatment with cisplatin. Study sample: Nineteen cancer patients being treated with cisplatin at the Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center were observed over 56 monitoring appointments. Hearing thresholds in the sensitive region for ototoxicity (SRO) were measured concurrently...