cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality-of-life index: Implications for prognosis in colorectal cancer

16032 Background: Quality of Life (QoL) assessment is important to evaluate the impact of disease and treatment in patients with advanced cancer. Recently, it has been hypothesized that patient sat...
Development of simulations based correlations to predict the cement volume fraction in annular geometries after fluid displacements during primary cementing

Abstract Primary cementing involves the Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid displacements. In this process cement replaces mud in the casing-formation annulus. The spacer fluids are used as a buffer between mud and cement and help in displacing mud as well. Once set cement acts as a barrier for zonal isolation. In an ideal cement job 100% of annular volume is occupied by cement. In this study a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used for a 50 ft virtual well model section. It is initially filled with mud and subsequently swept by one annular volume of spacer followed by one annular volume of cement. The performance of mud displacement process under varying conditions of spacer density, viscosity and displacement rates is studied. Temporal variation of the mud volume fraction in different axial sections is used to monitor the efficiency of displacement process and behavior of fluids involved. Based on these simulation results, a correlation is developed to predict the final cement volume fraction in the annulus for the given operating conditions. The results of this study will help in better understanding the complex flow physics involved in the combination of Non-Newtonian and Newtonian fluid displacements.
Importation and Colonization of Natural Enemies of the Striped Mealybug, Ferrisia virgata, in California

Ten species of parasites and 3 of predators were discovered and imported into the Imperial Valley of California from Mexico in an attempt to achieve biological control of Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), a recent invader. Six parasitic and 2 predatory species were successfully cultured and liberaated in the field during 1965 through 1967. In the fall of 1968, one imported parasite, Accrophagus texanus (Howard), was ascertained to be common and well distributed in the infested area. Inasmuch as this recovery resulted from a 1965 importation and virtually 2 summers and winters have been successfully passed, A. texanus is considered to be established.
Difluoroboron β-diketonate materials with long-lived phosphorescence enable lifetime based oxygen imaging with a portable cost effective camera

Lifetime-based oxygen imaging is useful in many biological applications but instrumentation can be stationary, expensive, and complex. Herein, we present a portable, cost effective, simple alternative with high spatiotemporal resolution that uses a complementary metal oxide silicon (CMOS) camera to measure oxygen sensitive lifetimes on the millisecond scale. We demonstrate its compatibility with difluoroboron β-diketonate poly(lactic acid) (BF2bdkPLA) polymers which are nontoxic and exhibit long-lived oxygen sensitive phosphorescence. Spatially resolved lifetimes of four BF2bdkPLA variants are measured using nonlinear least squares (NLS) and rapid lifetime determination (RLD) both of which are shown to be accurate and precise. Real-time imaging in a dynamic environment is demonstrated by determining lifetime pixel-wise. The setup costs less than $5000, easily fits into a backpack, and can operate on battery power alone. This versatility combined with the inherent utility of lifetime measurements make this system a useful tool for a wide variety of oxygen sensing applications. This study serves as an important foundation for the development of dual mode real time lifetime plus ratiometric imaging with bright, long lifetime difluoroboron β-diketonate probes.
Inspection tour report on Singapore labor relation

The relationship between Singapore National Workers Federation and Singaporean industry 、Labor laws and decrees、 collective consultation and employment training.
Test-size reduction for concept estimation

Consider a large database of questions that assess the knowledge of learners on a range of different concepts. In this paper, we study the problem of maximizing the estimation accuracy of each learner’s knowledge about a concept while minimizing the number of questions each learner must answer. We refer to this problem as test-size reduction (TeSR). Using the SPARse Factor Analysis (SPARFA) framework, we propose two novel TeSR algorithms. The first algorithm is nonadaptive and uses graded responses from a prior set of learners. This algorithm is appropriate when the instructor has access to only the learners’ responses after all questions have been solved. The second algorithm adaptively selects the “next best question” for each learner based on their graded responses to date. We demonstrate the efficacy of our TeSR methods using synthetic and educational data.
Pulmonary microthrombi. Caveat for successful modified Fontan operation.

We reviewed medical records from eight patients (4 to 29 years of age) with a functional single ventricle and pulmonary microthrombosis as observed on open lung biopsy specimens. Hemodynamic assessment before biopsy revealed pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure 19 to 53 mm Hg) in the seven patients tested and severely increased pulmonary arteriolar resistance (6 to 13 U · m2) in three of the five patients in whom these measurements were performed. Pulmonary blood flow varied ( 5 L/min per square meter in four patients), and the pulmonary/systemic blood flow ratio was low or normal (0.6 to 1.1) in five of six cases. Hemoglobin values were increased (16.4 to 22 gm/dl) in seven of eight patients. Lung biopsy specimens revealed thrombotic obstructive lesions in 56 % (range 28% to 96%) of muscular pulmonary arteries. Coexistent medial hypertrophy was absent or mild in all but one specimen, and none had features of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy. Microscopic pulmonary thrombi accounted for unexpected pulmonary hypertension, precluding the Fontan operation, in five patients and unsuccessful Fontan operation in two. Clinically significant thrombi should be considered in patients with severe polycythemia (hemoglobin value >20 gm/dl) and unobtainable or unreliable pulmonary blood flow or pulmonary resistance determinations. ( J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;106:739-44)
Active metabolites of tricyclic antidepressants

Highly lipid-soluble psychoactive drugs which act on the central nervous system (CNS) are cleared primarily by metabolism since they are readily reabsorbed in the kidney. Consequently there is a high probability that biologically active metabolites will be formed in significant quantities evidence for active metabolites of all classes of drugs acting on the CNS has been available for some time (Garattini et al., 1975). A particularly dramatic example is provided by chlorpromazine (CPZ) which yields at least 35 identifiable metabolites in urine (Turano et al., 1974), many of which have some degree of biological activity (Manian et al., 1965). The tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) which are chemically closely related to CPZ produce a smaller but still substantial number of metabolites in the urine; for instance, as many as 16 metabolites can be identified in urine or tissues following administration of imipramine (IMI) (Crammer et al., 1969; Christiansen and Gram, 1973). Many of these are conjugated metabolites (mainly glucuronides, on the evidence of hydrolysis after β-glucuronidase addition) that are not themselves active, but this still leaves seven identifiable metabolites that could be active (Crammer et al., 1969).
Global images of trapped ring current ions during main phase of 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm as observed by TWINS

A unique view of the trapped particles in the inner magnetosphere provided by energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging is used to observe the dynamics of the spatial structure and the pitch angle anisotropy on a global scale during the last 6 h of the main phase of a large geomagnetic storm (minimum SYM-H 230 nT) that began on 17 March 2015. Ion flux and pressure anisotropy obtained from Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) ENA images are shown. The ion flux shows two peaks, an inner one at approximately radii 34 RE in the dusk-to-midnight sector and an outer peak at radii 89 RE prior to midnight. The inner peak is relatively stationary during the entire period with some intensification during the final steep decline in SYM-H to its minimum. The outer peak shows the significant temporal variation brightening and dimming and finally disappearing at the end of the main phase. The pressure anisotropy shows the expected perpendicular pitch angles inside of L 6 but shows parallel pitch angles at greater L values. This is interpreted as consistent with pitch angle-dependent drift as modeled in the Tsy05 magnetic field and Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere simulations. The TWINS results are compared directly with Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE)-A measurements. Using 15 min snapshots of flux and pressure anisotropy from TWINS along the path of RBSPICE-A during the 6 h focused upon in this study, the essential features displayed in the TWINS global images are supported.
Enhancement of Normal Cognitive Abilities Through Noninvasive Brain Stimulation

The last several decades has seen a dramatic influx in the desire for and research exploring neuroenhancement (the betterment of human cognition and/or behavior via the direct manipulation of neural processes at the chemical and cellular level). Although this movement has largely been predominated by pharmaceutical intercession, recent literature concerning noninvasive electromagnetic (EM) stimulation suggests these devices may contain strong neuroenhancement capabilities. In this chapter, we review the EM literature with the aim of addressing the following questions: 1) what might the mechanisms of EM neuroenhancement be?, 2) what specific behaviors or cognitive abilities does research suggest may be amenable to EM neuroenhancement?, and 3) what might EM neuroenhancement reveal about basic human brain function? Following this review, we conclude that, although certainly exciting, the field of EM neuroenhancement too young to engender any definitive proclamations regarding efficacy. In addition, we make a series of suggestions regarding research protocols which may aid in the future elucidation of EM neuroenhancement mechanisms and effects.
Developing Distinct Mathematical and Scientific Pedagogical Content Knowledge in an Early Childhood Dual-Content Methods Course: An Alternative to Integration.

ABSTRACTMethods for teaching early childhood mathematics and science are often addressed in a single, dual-content course. Approaches to teaching this type of course include integrating the content and the pedagogy of both subjects, or keeping the subject areas distinct. In this article, the authors discuss and illustrate their approach to such a combined course. They emphasize the development of preservice teachers’ distinct pedagogical content knowledge in mathematics and in science rather than an integration of the two. The authors do this by concentrating their course development on a central unifying theme or idea within each content-area. Through course readings, media, in-class activities and discussions, and fieldwork, the authors highlight the similarities and differences between early childhood mathematics and science methods, thus offering preservice teachers a conceptual infrastructure that empowers them to make informed choices about their own mathematics and science programs.
Long Term Temperature Trends in Daily Station Data: USHCN

Month by month trend analysis of more than 100 years of daily maximum (TMAX) and daily minimum (TMIN) temperatures from 34 USHCN stations in 17 states across the USA is presented. The results show an overall warming trend in the data that is driven primarily by warming in the nighttime measurement TMIN. The evidence of warming in the TMIN data is seen more clearly in a gradual narrowing of the diurnal range. These results are inconsistent with the usual assumption that warming trends in the USHCN instrumental record are driven by anthropogenic global warming.
Factors regulating subcutaneous adipose tissue storage, fibrosis, and inflammation may underlie low fatty acid mobilization in insulin-sensitive obese adults.

Although the rate of fatty acid release from adipose tissue into the systemic circulation is very high in most obese adults, some obese adults maintain relatively low rates of fatty acid release, w...
Americans misperceive racial economic equality.

The present research documents the widespread misperception of race-based economic equality in the United States. Across four studies (n = 1,377) sampling White and Black Americans from the top and bottom of the national income distribution, participants overestimated progress toward Black–White economic equality, largely driven by estimates of greater current equality than actually exists according to national statistics. Overestimates of current levels of racial economic equality, on average, outstripped reality by roughly 25% and were predicted by greater belief in a just world and social network racial diversity (among Black participants). Whereas high-income White respondents tended to overestimate racial economic equality in the past, Black respondents, on average, underestimated the degree of past racial economic equality. Two follow-up experiments further revealed that making societal racial discrimination salient increased the accuracy of Whites’ estimates of Black–White economic equality, whereas encouraging Whites to anchor their estimates on their own circumstances increased their tendency to overestimate current racial economic equality. Overall, these findings suggest a profound misperception of and unfounded optimism regarding societal race-based economic equality—a misperception that is likely to have any number of important policy implications.
Diarrhea Leads to Pneumonia and Hematuria in the Intensive Care Unit

A 26-year-old man with a history of Crohn’s disease in remission presented to the Medical Intensive Care Unit with diarrhea, hematuria, left-sided pulmonary infiltrates, transaminitis, and rapid-onset respiratory failure with acute kidney injury. The patient was well until 7 days prior to admission, when he developed severe non-bloody diarrhea. Three days prior, he presented to an emergency department and was sent home after rehydration with normal saline with a reportedly normal chest x-ray. Two days prior, he presented to his primary care provider with continued diarrhea and fever to 39.4 °C, and he was sent home with antidiarrheal medications. One day prior, he returned to the emergency department with chest tightness, shortness of breath, and cough productive of dark sputum. He was found to have radiographic findings consistent with pneumonia. He also reported dark urine and anorexia, but he denied nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, or dysuria.
Caregivers' Views on the Cultural Appropriateness of Services for Children with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

While there is growing consensus on the need for cultural competence in children's mental health services, research has thus far provided little concrete information about what culturally competent service provision looks like in practice. This study is a secondary analysis of quantitative and qualitative data regarding caregiver perceptions of the cultural appropriateness of services to children with severe emotional and behavioral disorders. The data were gathered from a diverse sample of caregivers for 286 children. Analysis of the qualitative data yielded a set of coding categories which reliably capture the dimensions of caregiver experience contained in descriptions of specific instances of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with services. Caregivers from diverse backgrounds were equally likely to express satisfaction or dissatisfaction with services; however, the distribution of these satisfactions and dissatisfactions across the coding categories was not the same for caregivers of different ethnic or racial communities, or for higher- versus low-income caregivers. For minority caregivers, having experienced a dissatisfaction related to respect for community/ethnic cultural values contributed significantly to overall dissatisfaction with services.
Mo “Meta” Blues: How Popular Culture Can Act as Metajournalistic Discourse

Prior research into metajournalism argues that this type of discourse holds significant influence on how the journalism industry is socially constructed. Studies of how journalism is depicted in popular culture make the same claim. This study, through a textual analysis of television dramas The Wire and House of Cards , bridges these two bodies of literature and argues that journalism studies scholars should not limit their definition of metajournalistic discourse to journalists commenting on or criticizing the industry and to audience members commenting on or criticizing actual journalism. The results of the study are then interpreted through the lens of the theory of metajournalistic discourse.
3D analysis of computed tomography (CT)–derived lumbar spine models for the estimation of sex

When skeletal remains are found scattered or in fragmentary conditions, the establishment of a biological profile of unknown individuals can be proven difficult. Consequently, multiple methods to ascertain the sex of the individual must be developed. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that computed tomographic (CT)-derived 3D models of lumbar vertebrae could capture the unique morphologies of all five lumbar vertebrae to create equations for sex identification. The models were selected from a modern population consisting of 154 males and females that measured 30 standard linear measurements, the vertebral body wedging angle, and five aspect ratios. These measurements were then used to develop discriminant function equations for sex identification. Each lumbar level was analyzed individually as well as part of the entire lumbar spinal column. The results of this study showed that L1-L5 vertebrae can be used in sex determination with an 81.2-85.1% accuracy. When all five vertebrae are used in conjunction, the accuracy is 92.2%. The accuracy of the sex estimation found in this study for all lumbar vertebrae reinforces the distinct dimorphism between sexes while also providing forensic practitioners with more options or tools for their analyses.
Clostridioides difficile ribotype 106: A systematic review of the antimicrobial susceptibility, genetics, and clinical outcomes of this common worldwide strain

Abstract Clostridioides difficile typing is invaluable for the investigation of both institution-specific outbreaks as well as national surveillance. While the epidemic ribotype 027 (RT027) has received a significant amount of resources and attention, ribotype 106 (RT106) has become more prevalent throughout the past decade. The purpose of this systematic review was to comprehensively summarize the genetic determinants, antimicrobial susceptibility, epidemiology, and clinical outcomes of infection caused by RT106. A total of 68 articles published between 1999 and 2019 were identified as relevant to this review. Although initially identified in the United Kingdom in 1999, RT106 is now found worldwide and became the most prevalent strain in the United States in 2016. Current data indicate that RT106 harbors the tcdA and tcdB genes, lacks binary toxin genes, and does not contain any deletions in the tcdC gene, which differentiates it from other epidemic strains, including ribotypes 027 and 078. Interestingly, RT106 produces more spores than other strains, including RT027. Overall, RT106 is highly resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins. However, the MIC90 in most studies are one to two fold dilutions below the epidemiologic cut-off values of metronidazole and vancomycin, suggesting both are acceptable treatment options from an in vitro perspective. The few clinical outcomes studies available concluded that RT106 causes less severe disease than RT027, but patients were significantly more likely to experience multiple CDI relapses when infected with a RT106 strain. Specific areas warranting future study include potential survival advantages provided by genetic elements as well as a more robust investigation of clinical outcomes associated with RT106.
Storm Tide Amplification and Habitat Changes due to Urbanization of a Lagoonal Estuary

Abstract. In recent centuries, human activities have greatly modified the geomorphology of coastal regions. However, studies of historical and possible future changes in coastal flood extremes typically ignore the influence of geomorphic change. Here, we quantify the influence of 20th Century manmade changes to Jamaica Bay, New York City, on present-day storm tides. We develop and validate a hydrodynamic model for the 1870s, based on detailed maps of bathymetry, seabed characteristics, topography, and tide observations, for use alongside a present-day model. Predominantly through dredging, landfill, and inlet stabilization, the average water depth of the bay increased from 1.7 to 4.5 m, tidal surface area decreased from 92 to 72 km2, and the inlet minimum cross-sectional area expanded from 4800 to 8900 m2. Total (freshwater plus salt) marsh habitat area has declined from 61 to 15 km2 and intertidal unvegetated habitat area from 17 to 4.6 km2. A probabilistic flood hazard assessment with simulations of 144 storm events reveals that the landscape changes caused an increase of 0.28 m (12 %) in the 100-year storm tide, even larger than the influence of global sea level rise of about 0.23 m since the 1870s. Specific anthropogenic changes to estuary depth, area and inlet depth and width are shown through targeted modeling and dynamics-based considerations to be the most important drivers of increasing storm tides.
Robust Deep Radio Frequency Spectrum Learning for Future Wireless Communications Systems

Intelligent capabilities are of utmost importance in future wireless communication systems. For optimum resource utilization, wireless communication systems require knowledge of the prevalent situation in a frequency band through learning. To learn appropriately, it is imperative for practitioners to select the right parameters for building robust data-driven learning models as well as use the appropriate algorithms and performance evaluation methods. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of deep learning models against the performance of other machine learning methods for wireless communication systems. We explore the different wireless communication scenarios in which deep learning can be used given Radio Frequency (RF) data, and evaluate its performance in various scenarios. Furthermore, we express it as a distribution alignment problem in which deep learning models do not perform well when learning from RF data of a particular distribution and evaluating on RF data from a different distribution. We also discuss our results in the light of how signal quality affects deep learning model leveraging on the knowledge from computer vision domain. The effect of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) selection for training on the model performance as it relates to practical implementation of deep learning in communications systems is also discussed. From our analysis, we conclude that the design and use of RF spectrum learning must be tailored to each specific scenario being considered in practice.
Insight into memory and functional abilities in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Accurate insight into one’s abilities facilitates engagement in rehabilitation and implementation of compensatory strategies. In this study, self-awareness, self-monitoring, and a new self-updating...
Modeling soil porewater salinity in mangrove forests (Everglades, Florida, USA) impacted by hydrological restoration and a warming climate

Abstract Hydrology is a critical driver controlling mangrove wetlands structural and functional attributes at different spatial and temporal scales. Yet, human activities have negatively affected hydrology, causing mangrove diebacks and coverage loss worldwide. In fact, the assessment of mangrove water budgets, impacted by natural and human disturbances, is limited due to a lack of long-term data and information that hinders our understanding of how changes in hydroperiod and salinity control mangrove productivity and spatial distribution. In this study, we implemented a mass balance-based hydrological model (RHYMAN) that explicitly considers groundwater discharge in the Shark River estuary (SRE, southwestern Everglades) located in a karstic geomorphic setting and influenced by regional hydrological restoration. We used long-term hydroperiod and porewater salinity (PWS) datasets obtained from 2004 to 2016 for model calibration and validation and to determine spatiotemporal variability in water levels and PWS at three riverine mangrove sites (downstream, SRS-6; midstream, SRS-5; upstream, SRS-4) along SRE. Model results agree with a distinct PWS pattern along the estuarine salinity gradient where the highest PWS occurs at SRS-6 (mean: 25, range: 22–30 ppt), followed by SRS-5 (17, 14–25 ppt) and SRS-4 (5, 3–13 ppt). A commensurate increase in PWS over a thirteen-year period indicates a long-term reduction in freshwater inflow coupled with sea-level rise (SLR). Increasing freshwater scenario simulation results show a significant reduction (17–27%) in PWS along the estuary in contrast with a high SLR scenario when salinity increases up to 1.1 to 2.5 times that of control values. Model results show that freshwater inflow and SLR are key drivers controlling mangrove wetlands PWS in this karstic coastal region. Given its relatively simple structure, this mass balance-based hydrological model could be used in other environmental settings to evaluate potential habitat and regime shifts due to changes in hydrology and PWS under regional hydrological restoration management.
Vision Screening among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

SIGNIFICANCE Vision problems occur at higher rates in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than in the general population. Some professional organizations recommend that children with neurodevelopmental disorders need comprehensive assessment by eye care professionals rather than vision screening. METHODS Data from the 2011 to 2012 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) were accessed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate differences between vision screening rates in eye care professionals' offices and other screening locations among children with and without ASD. RESULTS Overall, 82.21% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.35 to 86.06%) of children with ASD were reported to have had a vision screening as defined by the NSCH criteria. Among children younger than 5 years with ASD, 8.87% (95% CI, 1.27 to 16.5%) had a vision screening at a pediatrician's office, 41.1% (95% CI, 20.54 to 61.70%) were screened at school, and 37.62% (95% CI, 9.80 to 55.45%) were examined by an eye care professionals. Among children with ASD older than 5 years, 24.84% (95% CI, 18.42 to 31.26%) were screened at school, 22.24% (95% CI, 17.26 to 27.21%) were screened at the pediatricians' office, and 50.15% (95% CI, 44.22 to 56.08%) were examined by eye care professionals. Based on estimates from NSCH, no children in the U.S. population younger than 5 years with ASD screened in a pediatrician's office were also seen by an eye care provider. CONCLUSIONS If the public health goal is to have all children with ASD assessed in an eye care professional's office, data from the NSCH indicate that we as a nation are falling far short of that target.
Superconducting pairing mechanism in CeCo In 5 revisited

Spectroscopic Imaging Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (SI-STM) measurements have previously been applied to the study of the heavy-fermion system $\mathrm{CeCo}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ to examine the superconducting gap structure and band dispersions via quasiparticle intereference. Here we directly measure the dispersing electron bands with angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) and compare with first-principles electronic structure calculations. By autocorrelating the ARPES-resolved bands with themselves we can measure the potential $q$ vectors and discern exactly which bands the STM is measuring. We find that the STM results are dominated by scattering associated with a cloverleaf shaped band centered at the zone corners. This same band is also a viable candidate to host the superconducting gap. The electronic structure calculations indicate that this region of the Fermi surface involves significant contributions from the Co $d$ electrons, an indication that the superconductivity in these materials is more three dimensional than that found in the related unconventional superconductors, the cuprates and the pnictides.
“Theatricals of Day”: Emily Dickinson and Nineteenth-Century American Popular Culture, by Sandra Runzo: U of Massachusetts P, 2019.

The most striking scene in Madeleine Olnek’s acclaimed 2019 Dickinson biopic Wild Nights with Emily occurs toward the end of the film, when the camera takes us six feet underground to reveal the po...
Cribriform colon cancer: a morphological growth pattern associated with extramural venous invasion, nodal metastases and microsatellite stability

Background Cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma was a colon cancer subtype recognised in the previous WHO classification of tumours that is no longer included in the recent edition. Previous reports have described colon cancers with cribriform growth as having worse overall survival and being associated with microsatellite stability. We sought to validate whether cribriform carcinoma (CC) is a distinct morphological subtype with clinical relevance in the context of modern colon cancer diagnosis. Methods Consecutive cases of non-neoadjuvantly treated colon cancer resections were identified (n=177) and reviewed to evaluate for CC and other histopathological and clinical features. CC was defined as solid nests of cancer with round, ‘punched out’ spaces and intraluminal bridges, reminiscent of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Results CC was present in 18.6% of the consecutive case cohort. Compared with all other cases, CC was associated with positive lymph nodes, increased depth of invasion, extramural venous involvement (EMVI), and microsatellite stability, and was less likely to have tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (p Conclusion Identifying CC may be useful due to its association with worse stage at presentation and EMVI, but given that cribriform-like appearance may be found in many colon cancer cases and that we did not find a survival difference for CC, CC may not necessitate its own subtype classification.
Death Penalty 'Trump Effect'

Jurors are influenced by folk beliefs in capital sentencing. Trumpian folk beliefs include reliance on gut intuition over judges and legal rules, dehumanization of capital defendants, and distrust of scientific expertise and evidence. These beliefs supersede Eighth Amendment principles and are likely linked to simultaneous upticks in death sentencing, executions, and murder that occurred during the first year of Trump’s presidency.
The Efficacy and Treatment Fidelity of Kinesiology Taping in Conjunction With Conservative Treatment Interventions Among Individuals With Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

# Purpose Kinesiology taping is a common intervention used to treat individuals with shoulder pain. While there have been several studies published to date evaluating the effectiveness of this intervention, a systematic review with meta-analysis synthesizing the collective effectiveness of kinesiology taping is not available. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis investigating the efficacy and treatment fidelity of kinesiology taping (KT) in combination with conservative interventions for shoulder pain. # Methods Databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SportDiscus, CINAHL) of studies published in English meeting criteria were searched to October 2019. Methodologic quality was assessed utilizing the Modified Downs and Black checklist. Treatment fidelity was evaluated using a modified fidelity tool. Random effects meta-analyses were performed when an outcome (disability, pain, range of motion (ROM)) was reported by two or more studies. Overall effect size (pooled random effects) was estimated for studies with acceptable clinical homogeneity. # Results When KT was used with conservative treatments, meta-analysis revealed large effect sizes for improvements in disability (standard mean difference (SMD) = -1.35; 95% CI, -2.09 to -0.60) and ROM (SMD = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.60-1.33) with no significant effects for pain. The average Modified Downs & Black score for bias was 11.5 ± 3.9. Of 10 retained studies, only two had good treatment fidelity. # Conclusions Adding KT to interventions performed in clinical settings appears to demonstrate efficacy regarding disability and ROM when compared to conservative interventions alone. However, despite reasonably good methodologic quality, fidelity was lacking in a majority of studies. Because of its impact on the implementation of evidence-based practice, lower fidelity should be considered when interpreting results.
Modern-Day Monitorships

When a sexual abuse scandal rocked Penn State, when Apple was found to have engaged in anticompetitive behavior, and when servicers like Bank of America improperly foreclosed upon hundreds of thousands of homeowners, each organization entered into a Modern-Day Monitorship. Modern-Day Monitorships are utilized in an array of contexts to assist in widely varying remediation efforts. They provide outsiders a unique source of information about the efficacy of the tarnished organization’s efforts to remediate misconduct. Yet despite their use in high-profile and serious matters of organizational wrongdoing, they are not an outgrowth of careful study and deliberate planning. Instead, Modern-Day Monitorships have been employed in an ad-hoc and reactionary manner, which has resulted in repeated instances of controversy and calls for reform by scholars and legislators. Accompanying these calls for reform has been an implicit assumption that all monitorships are made equal; that broad-based rules could effectively regulate all monitorships. Yet, when tested, this assumption is found lacking. This Article traces the rise of the Modern-Day Monitorship and, for the first time, analyzes the use of monitorships in five different contexts. The analysis demonstrates that Modern-Day Monitorships have experienced a rapid evolution with important consequences. First, as demonstrated by the Apple monitorship, the evolution has changed the manner in which courts and lawyers conceive of the appropriate boundaries and norms for court-ordered monitorships. Second, as demonstrated by the Penn State scandal, private organizations are coopting the use of monitorships, which may be transforming the nature of monitorships from one of a quasi-government enforcement mechanism to what looks like a privatized tool of reputation remediation. Third, monitorships fall into different categories based on the type of remediation effort the monitorship is meant to achieve. Because these different categories necessitate different monitorship structures, attempts to adopt universal rules governing monitorships may be misguided. In short, differences matter when evaluating monitorships. This Article’s analysis will assist policymakers and scholars engaged in efforts targeted at analyzing, reforming, or regulating monitorships. * Associate Professor of Law, Notre Dame Law School. Many thanks to Lisa Bernstein, Kevin Davis, Deborah DeMott, Lisa Fairfax, Gina-Gail S. Fletcher, Bruce Huber, Daniel Kelly, Patricia O’Hara, Jay Tidmarsh, Julian Velasco and to participants of the Duke University School of Law Culp Colloquium, the Notre Dame Junior Faculty Workshop, the Corporate Compliance After the Crisis panel at the 2014 SEALS conference, the University of Chicago Legal Scholarship Workshop, and the University of Illinois College of Law Faculty Workshop for helpful comments and conversations. Thanks to Veronica Meffe and Marissa Wahl for invaluable research assistance.
Mental Health of HBCU College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Objective This study investigated rates and predictors of mental health issues (e.g., depression and anxiety) in a sample of college students currently attending a historically Black college/university (HBCU) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants/Methods 98 undergraduate students (81 female and 17 male) completed an online survey containing questions about demographics, socioeconomic status, academic characteristics, and pandemic-related concerns. The survey also included PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires to evaluate depression and anxiety, respectively. Results 49% of students met the clinical cutoff for depression, 39% for anxiety, and 52% for depression and/or anxiety. Significant predictors of meeting the cutoffs included parental job loss/hour reduction, being a senior, and feeling that the pandemic negatively impacted daily life, among other factors. Demographic variables (age, gender, etc.) had no effect. Conclusion HBCU students show high rates of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may be predicted based on the student’s academic, socioeconomic, and pandemic-related concerns.
Spatial regulation of AMPK signaling revealed by a sensitive kinase activity reporter

Abstract AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cellular energetics which coordinates metabolism by phosphorylating a plethora of substrates throughout the cell. But whether AMPK activity is regulated at different subcellular locations to provide precise spatial and temporal control over metabolism is unclear. Genetically encoded AMPK activity reporters (AMPKAR) have provided a window into spatial AMPK activity, but the limited dynamic range of current AMPKARs hinders detailed study. To monitor the dynamic activity of AMPK with high sensitivity, we developed a single-fluorophore AMPK activity reporter (ExRai AMPKAR) that exhibits an excitation ratiometric fluorescence change upon phosphorylation by AMPK, with over 3-fold greater response compared to previous AMPKARs. Using subcellularly localized ExRai AMPKAR, we found that the activity of AMPK at the lysosome and mitochondria are differentially regulated. While different activating conditions, irrespective of their effects on ATP, robustly yet gradually increase mitochondrial AMPK activity, lysosomal AMPK activity accumulates with much faster kinetics. Genetic deletion of the canonical upstream kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1) resulted in slower AMPK activity at lysosomes but did not affect the response amplitude at either location, in sharp contrast to the necessity of LKB1 for maximal cytoplasmic AMPK activity. We further discovered AMPK activity in the nucleus, which resulted from LKB1-mediated cytoplasmic activation of AMPK followed by nuclear shuttling. Thus, a new, sensitive reporter for AMPK activity, ExRai AMPKAR, in complement with mathematical and biophysical methods, captured subcellular AMPK activity dynamics in living cells and unveiled complex regulation of AMPK signaling within subcellular compartments.
Data Augmentation for 12-Lead ECG Beat Classification

This paper reports the performance study of classifying 12-lead ECG beat segments in the face of severe imbalance in the class sizes, which is typical of ECG data. The efficacy of data augmentation for class size balancing to improve the classification accuracy is well known. In the ECG domain, however, it has been overlooked or handled inadequately. We propose an amplitude-alteration approach to augment randomly selected ECG heartbeats separately as needed in individual ECG classes while not disrupting the timeline of the ECG signals. In addition, augmentations of training dataset and test dataset receive separate attentions, and four cases of data augmentation are considered depending on whether each dataset is augmented or not. The effects of the augmentation scheme was evaluated using ResNet, the deep learning technique reputed for its remarkable accuracy through unique skipping connections between layers; specifically, a time series version of ResNet was used. The results confirmed the key benefit of class-balancing the training dataset through the proposed data augmentation scheme and, additionally, showed some extra benefit of augmenting the test dataset through “test-time augmentation.” Further, we adopted the class activation map (CAM) to identify heat map signatures that would explain ECG beat classes. The results demonstrated that the CAM could be an effective visual aid to classifying ECG beats, especially with the proposed data augmentation scheme in place. In this paper the augmentation scheme, the associated experiments, and their results are discussed concretely.
Knowledge-Based Systems for Finite Element Modeling and Interpretation

The presentation is largely based on the enclosed report, which appeared in a modified form as a chapter in reprinted from Research Directions in Computational Mechanics, U.S. National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, National Research Council, (National Academy Press, 1991). The presentation discusses applications in: model generation, model interpretation, integration with design, and comprehensive design environments. Two approaches to interfacing and integrating knowledge-based processes with numerical processes are described and evaluated.
Appendix Transcript Illustrations

Establishment of a therapeutic alliance was a marked feature of the therapy with Janice because of difficulties imposed by her style of pretending, the interaction of her style with the special clinical situation, and the resulting vagueness of focus for the therapeutic communication. The alliance was developed gradually, reaching its peak by the eighth hour of therapy, as described in Chapter 6. Excerpts from transcripts illustrate the process of developing this alliance and counteracting tendencies to establish either a social relationship or the types of positive and negative transferences discussed in Chapter 6. In what follows, more “raw data” are presented to allow the reader to form his or her own opinions, and the author discusses the line of reasoning behind his interventions after each segment of dialogue. The order is sequential, from the first to the last of the 12 hours of therapy. These more extensive and consecutive transcripts allow for a test of the explanatory power of patterns described in the configurational analysis.
Discovery of challacolloite, an uncommon chloride, on a fifteenth-century polychrome terracotta relief by Michele da Firenze

The fifteenth-century gilt and polychromed terracotta relief, Virgin and Child by Michele da Firenze in the collection of the Yale University Art Gallery, was recently conserved in preparation for exhibition. The crystallization of water-soluble salts was suspected as the main reason behind its poor condition. Characterization of powdery deposits over remaining polychromy revealed the presence of KPb2Cl5 in addition to gypsum and other minor components. Detection of potassium lead chloride has not been previously reported in association with cultural heritage objects. The synthetic form of this compound has garnered attention during the past two decades due to its potential optical applications in the infrared region. In nature it occurs as challacolloite, a mineral first named only in 2005 in scientific literature and that primarily forms at high temperatures in fumaroles of volcanos, including those in Italy. The presence of this compound limits the types of materials that can be safely used in conservation treatment applications related to cleaning and consolidation, and therefore, its detection is important. This paper provides information that can serve as a reference for identifying other instances of challacolloite. The form and distribution of challacolloite on the Virgin and Child indicates that the compound is generated in situ and that crystal nucleation and growth result in loss of cohesion within paint layers, delamination of paint layers, and damage to the terracotta substrate. Possible rationales for the formation of this unusual compound are proposed.
Goodall’s Verbal Exchange Coding An Overview and Example

This article provides a descriptive overview and brief example of Bud Goodall’s Verbal Exchange Coding, a method profiled in his book, Writing the New Ethnography. Verbal Exchange Coding categorize...
A Rights-Based Approach: The Utilization of CEDAW to Protect the Human Rights of Migrant Workers

As of 2005, over 190 million people were migrants living outside the country in which they were born. Human rights abuses against migrant workers are well documented, particularly in the domestic service sector. Although international law specifically addresses the human rights of migrant workers through the Migrant Workers' Convention, this treaty has few State parties and is an ineffective tool for the protection of migrant workers' rights. International law nevertheless provides the legal tools to protect migrant worker human rights. In this article, I focus on one particular human rights treaty: the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). I argue that CEDAW provides one of the most useful legal tools for holding States accountable for violations of the human rights of women migrant workers within their territories. The substantive equality guarantee of CEDAW, combined with the obligation of the state to take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination by private parties, renders CEDAW a powerful tool to hold states accountable for the horrific abuses inflicted on women migrant workers. This paper contributes to human rights literature in two primary ways: First, although it is frequently assumed that CEDAW embodies a substantive model of equality, scholars and activists alike have yet to show why this is the case. I aim to fill that gap by setting forth the legal argument that CEDAW demands substantive, rather than formal, equality from State parties. Second, the human rights of undocumented migrant workers have also been under-theorized in human rights literature and by human rights tribunals, despite the vast number of migrant workers who fall into this category. I connect CEDAW to a rights framework for undocumented workers developed by the Inter-American Court with the goal of advancing human rights theory with respect to undocumented migrant workers.
Would More Infrastructure Spending Stimulate the Economy

Four years into the deepest recession since World War II, the U.S. economy expanded at a rate of only 0.7 percent in the first half of 2011. This means that the economy is growing at a slower pace than the population and that capita output continues to fall. In response, the president has announced a plan for yet more deficit-financed stimulus spending.There are three problems with this approach.First, despite the claims of stimulus proponents, the evidence is not at all clear that more stimulus would be helpful right now.Second, even if one adheres to the idea that more government spending can jolt the economy, spending — particularly infrastructure spending — cannot be implemented in the way Keynesians say it ought to be. This greatly undermines its stimulative effect.Third, while no one disputes the value of good infrastructure, this type of spending typically suffers from massive cost overruns, waste, fraud, and abuse. This makes it a particularly bad vehicle for stimulus. In sum, further stimulus would be a risky short-term gamble with near-certain negative consequences in the long term.