cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CD8+ T-cell mediated tumor protection by Pseudomonas exotoxin fused to ovalbumin in C57BL/6 mice * ** *

Abstract Background. Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) is a 66 kDa bacterial toxin that is able to bind to mammalian cells, undergo receptor mediated endocytosis, and translocate its C-terminal catalytic domain into the cytosol. We investigated whether PE could be used in vivo to deliver CD8+ T-cell epitopes to the MHC-class I antigen presentation pathway to trigger a specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. Methods. Amino acid 553 of PE was deleted to eliminate toxin catalytic activity, and amino acids 204-386 of ovalbumin were fused near the nontoxic PE C-terminus to produce PED-OVA200. Mice were vaccinated with 100 μg of PED-OVA200 3 times at 21 day intervals. Splenocytes were harvested 1 week later, and stimulated in vitro with ovalbumin expressing EG7 murine thymoma cells. In vivo tumor protection experiments were performed by vaccinating groups of mice as before, followed by a lethal dose of ovalbumin expressing tumor cells (MO5) injected subcutaneously. Results. Splenocytes from PED-OVA200 vaccinated mice lysed 51Cr labeled EG7 cells but not the untransfected EL4 parent cell line, whereas splenocytes from mice immunized with PBS, PED, or ovalbumin were unable to lyse EG7 cells. Cytotoxicity in vitro was mediated by CD8+ T-cells. PED-OVA200 vaccinated mice survived (88%) a lethal subcutaneous challenge of ovalbumin expressing MO5 cells. Depletion of CD8+ cells from PED-OVA200 vaccinated mice abolished this protection, indicating that this cell population is required for tumor rejection in vivo. Conclusions. Our results indicate that PED may be used as a vehicle to stimulate a protective CTL response to heterologous antigen in vivo. (Surgery 2003;133:404-10.)
Kink model for extended defect migration: theory and simulations

Abstract The motion of extended defects in solids is the key to understanding many important physical phenomena. This paper addresses the relationship between defect velocity and driving force. Monte Carlo simulations of linear defects in two dimensions are performed. The force–velocity relationship is found to be non-linear, in disagreement with commonly used models. A new analytical model for the force–velocity relationship is derived that includes the effects of kinks on multiple levels, the non-simultaneity of kink formation, the disappearance of kinks and the non-linear kink force–velocity relationship. The resulting force–velocity relationship is relatively simple, but non-linear. This model is shown to yield excellent agreement with the simulation results over a wide range of driving forces and temperatures, and is readily extendable to a wide variety of defects in two and three dimensions.
Community respiration of decomposing plants in Oregon estuarine marshes

Abstract Community respiration rates in air and water were measured as indicators of the decomposition rate of dead plant tissue from nine stands of plants in two Oregon estuarine marshes. Respiration rates were low and relatively constant from November to February; during warmer periods several patterns emerged. The highest respiration rates for the most and least active communities differed up to one order of magnitude. The moisture, nitrogen, and crude fibre content, as well as plant shoot and canopy structure, appeared to be important determinants of the respiration rate. Comparisons of aerial and aquatic respiration rates for a single date may be useful for determining the recent moisture history of the tissue. Rates of dead plant community respiration in Pacific North-west marshes equalled and, in one case, exceeded those in the Atlantic South-east.
The principles of caveat vendor, caveat emptor and caveat operator in robotic safety

Abstract Chignell, M.H., Loewenthal, A. and Caspi, A., 1986. The principles of caveat vendor, caveat emptor, and caveat operator in robotic safety. Journal of Occupational Accidents , 8: 79–90. The issue of robotic safety in semi-automated manufacturing environments is considered, using human factors, case study, and accident prevention/liability approaches. The roles of the manufacturer, owner and operator of the robot in ensuring safe operation of robots are examined. General safety guidelines for robotic operation in semi-automated environments are given, but it is recognized that the complexity and variety of human-robot—machine systems necessitates that more rigid and detailed safety standards be set on a case by case basis.
Regression-contingent analyses: A reply to Altmann

We discuss three points from Altmann's (this issue) reply to our comment on the use of the regression contingent analysis. First, we again argue that the Altmann, Garnham, and Dennis (1992) paper leaves the impression that eye movements are a necessary index of readers being garden pathed Second, we acknowledge that differences among previously published studies dealing with parsing strategies are as likely to be due to structural differences in the stimuli as they are to memory span differences or different reading strategies. Third, we argue that researchers should examine a large number of possible dependent measures that are obtainable from the eye movement record.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and sympathetic activity in healthy subjects.

Background One suggested mechanism for the reduction in mortality rates resulting from the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in congestive heart failure is the inhibition of the angiotensin II-mediated norepinephrine release. Direct evidence for this mechanism is lacking in humans. Subjects and Methods We examined the effects of captopril, 25 mg three times a day, or matched placebo for 7 days on sympathetic activity during a 10 mEq/day sodium diet in seven healthy male subjects aged 30 ± 3 (SEM) years. A tritiated norepinephrine radioisotope dilution technique was used to measure sympathetic activity, both at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise. Results Captopril blunted the increase in mean arterial pressure during isometric handgrip exercise (placebo, from 81 ± 4 to 112 ± 2 mm Hg; captopril, from 78 ± 3 to 101 ± 2 mm Hg; p < 0.01). However, the increase in systemic norepinephrine spillover during isometric handgrip exercise was not blunted by captopril. Captopril had no effect on resting mean arterial pressure or systemic norepinephrine spillover. Conclusions Captopril did not attenuate baseline or static exercise-stimulated sympathetic activity in healthy subjects. These findings would indicate that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition does not decrease sympathetic activity at rest or during the stimulus of isometric handgrip exercise. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 59, 668–674; doi:
Cardiovascular Development and Survival During Gestation in the TS65DN Mouse Model for Down Syndrome

The Ts65Dn mouse model for Down syndrome (DS) exhibits many phenotypes seen in human DS. Previous research has revealed a reduced rate of transmission of the T65Dn marker chromosome in neonates. To analyze potential fetal loss, litters from trisomic females at 10.5dpc through 14.5dpc were genotyped. No significant differences from the expected Mendelian ratio were found in transmission of T65Dn at any stage. Cardiovascular defects found in trisomic neonates are associated with formation of pharyngeal arch arteries. Vessel tracing was used to identify anomalies in 10.5dpc, 11.5dpc, and 13.5dpc embryos. Comparison of trisomic versus euploid embryos injected with India ink revealed delay and abnormality in cardiovascular development in trisomic embryos at each stage. Through the analysis of transmission rate and cardiovascular development in embryonic mice, we learn more about prenatal mortality and the origins of cardiac abnormality in the Ts65Dn mice to assist in understanding cardiovascular malformation associated with DS.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the C(1)−C(11) Fragment of Peloruside A

A highly stereoselective synthesis of the C(1)−C(11) fragment 4 of peloruside A has been accomplished via a stereoselective double allylboration and an intramolecular epoxide opening to provide the functionally dense C(3)−C(11) segment 14. A glycolate aldol reaction was then employed to introduce the remaining stereocenters at C(2)−C(3).
Looking back, looking forward: a reexamination of Benjamin Wolstein's interlock and the emergence of intersubjectivity.

In this paper the author takes a close look at Benjamin Wolstein’s chapter, ‘Therapy’, from his book, Countertransference, published in 1959. This chapter contains a discussion of what he refers to...
The Stationary Wave Response to a Midlatitude Sst Anomaly in an Idealized Gcm

Abstract The atmospheric stationary wave response to a midlatitude sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly is examined with an idealized general circulation model (GCM) as well as steady linear model, in a similar way as Ting and Held, for a tropical SST anomaly. The control climate of the GCM is zonally symmetric; this symmetric climate is then perturbed by a monopole SST anomaly centered at 40°N. Two experiments, with SST anomalies of opposite sign, have been conducted. The stationary response is roughly linear in the sign of the SST anomaly, despite the fact that precipitation shows strong nonlinearity. The linear model, which is an exact linearization of the GCM equations in use, when forced by anomalous heating and transients, reproduces the GCM's stationary response excellently. The low-level transient eddy heat fluxes act to damp the lower level temperature signal. When this damping effect is mimicked by a horizontal thermal diffusion in the linear model, the response to the diabatic heating alone gi...
Sex Differences in Adults’ Relative Visual Interest in Female and Male Faces, Toys, and Play Styles

An individual’s reproductive potential appears to influence response to attractive faces of the opposite sex. Otherwise, relatively little is known about the characteristics of the adult observer that may influence his or her affective evaluation of male and female faces. An untested hypothesis (based on the proposed role of attractive faces in mate selection) is that most women would show greater interest in male faces whereas most men would show greater interest in female faces. Further, evidence from individuals with preferences for same-sex sexual partners suggests that response to attractive male and female faces may be influenced by gender-linked play preferences. To test these hypotheses, visual attention directed to sex-linked stimuli (faces, toys, play styles) was measured in 39 men and 44 women using eye tracking technology. Consistent with our predictions, men directed greater visual attention to all male-typical stimuli and visual attention to male and female faces was associated with visual attention to gender conforming or nonconforming stimuli in a manner consistent with previous research on sexual orientation. In contrast, women showed a visual preference for female-typical toys, but no visual preference for male faces or female-typical play styles. These findings indicate that sex differences in visual processing extend beyond stimuli associated with adult sexual behavior. We speculate that sex differences in visual processing are a component of the expression of gender phenotypes across the lifespan that may reflect sex differences in the motivational properties of gender-linked stimuli.
Introducing demographic corrections for the 10/36 Spatial Recall Test

Objective The 10/36 Spatial Recall Test is a measure of visuospatial memory and has been recommended for inclusion when administering a brief cognitive assessment to patients with multiple sclerosis by multiple groups. However, a notable limitation of the measure includes a lack of normative data with demographic corrections. Thus, the primary objective of the current study was to examine demographic influences on the 10/36 Spatial Recall Test and to introduce demographically corrected normative data for the instrument. Methods Data were collected from 116 participants over the age of 50 years. All study participants were free of any neurologic disease or disorder and classified as cognitively intact by a consensus conference team that was comprised of neurologists and neuropsychologists. All study participants were administered a neuropsychological evaluation that included the 10/36 Spatial Recall Test Version A at the baseline visit. Results 10/36 Spatial Recall Test scores were affected by age, education, and race. Gender effects were not observed. Given these effects, regression equations were used to correct for the effects of demographic variables. The z-scores obtained from these corrections were not significantly influenced by demographical variables. Conclusion The demographic corrections introduced in this paper offer the possibility to enhance the clinical utility of the 10/36 Spatial Recall Test. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Quest for Minimum Number of Simultaneous Rectangle Diagrams

On the rectangle diagram of an RLC network all of the circuit elements are represented with rectangles having a width equal to the instantaneous current through the element and a height equal to the instantaneous voltage across it, thus the area of each rectangle is equal to the power supplied or absorbed by the element. In these diagrams the power rectangles of the sources are contiguously filled out by the rectangles of the sinks. These type of diagram will be used in our analysis.
A Large-Droplet Mode and Prognostic Number Concentration of Cloud Droplets in the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Part II: Sensitivity to a Colorado Winter Snowfall Event

Abstract This paper is the second in a two-part series describing recent additions to the microphysics module of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) at Colorado State University. These changes include the addition of a large-cloud-droplet mode (40–80 μm in diameter) into the liquid-droplet spectrum and the parameterization of cloud-droplet nucleation through activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and giant CCN (GCCN). The large-droplet mode was introduced to represent more precisely the natural dual mode of the cloud-droplet distribution. The parameterized droplet nucleation replaces the former estimation of cloud-droplet formation solely from supersaturation calculations. In Part I of this series, details of the improvements to the microphysics were presented, including the set of equations governing the development of cloud droplets in the Lagrangian parcel model that was employed to parameterize this complex process. Supercell simulations were examined with respect to the model sensi...
Fundoplication for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease

Abstract Background Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease arises from the effects of refluxed gastric contents on the proximal aerodigestive tract. LPR patients are often lumped into the category of "atypical" reflux. LPR symptoms are hoarseness, globus, cough, and pharyngitis. Severe disease is associated with subglottic stenosis and laryngeal cancer. Treatment includes lifestyle modifications and medications. The role of fundoplication for LPR has yet to be defined. Study design Forty-one patients underwent fundoplication for LPR. They were prospectively followed with three outcomes measures: The Reflux Symptom Index, a laryngoscopic grading scale (Reflux Finding Score), and a reflux-based specific quality-of-life scale. Results Average early followup was at 4 months and late followup was at 14 months. The Reflux Symptom Index improved by 5.4 early (p Conclusions Fundoplication augments treatment of LPR. Improvement of symptoms continues past the first 4 months. Laryngoscopy is critical in patient selection because selected findings are associated with outcomes, diagnosis, and management.
Anselm on Eudaemonism and the hierarchical structure of moral choice

Because Anselm of Canterbury argues that the morally responsible created agent must have the option to choose between justice and benefit, many scholars conclude that he is a proto-Kantian, pitting duty against self-interest and natural inclination. This is mistaken. Anselm proposes a hierarchical schema, prefiguring that of Harry Frankfurt, in which the inclination for justice constitutes a second-order desire that one's first-order desires for benefits should be moderated to conform to God's will. I defend this interpretation through careful textual analysis, then show that Anselm's hierarchical analysis is not subject to some of the criticisms one might raise against Frankfurt's.
Uplift by thermal expansion of the lithosphere

Summary. Green’s function solutions are derived for the surface heat flow and the uplift caused by conductive heating when (axially symmetric) variations in heat flow occur at the base of the lithosphere. The solutions determined for different space-time dependence of the heat flux into the lithosphere illustrate that: (1) When the lateral variations in heat flux occur over short distances (in comparison to the lithospheric thickness), the amplitude of the uplift and of the anomalous surface heat flow are attenuated in comparison to the changes that would follow uniform variations; this effect is slightly more important for the surface heat flow which spreads out over larger distances. (2) There is a time lag between the uplift which starts instantly and the change in the surface heat flow. It is suggested that the model could be applied to the study of plateaux uplift of moderate amplitude such as the Black Hills or the Adirondacks, and possibly to the heating event and uplift that may have preceded the subsidence of intracontinental basins.
The Effects of Credit Attitude and Socioeconomic Factors on Credit Card and Installment Debt

Most previous research on credit use has examined the effect of socioeconomic and attitude variables without considering the possible correlation among these factors. Also, the studies have not considered whether there is a difference between general and specific attitudes toward credit and the use of credit. This study addresses those problems and includes installment debt as well as credit card debt in the analysis. The study used data from the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances. The findings show the higher the specific attitude index, the higher the outstanding credit card balances, and the more favorable the general attitude toward using credit, the higher the installment debt. The results suggest the need for greater awareness on the part of consumers and consumer educators on the influence of attitude in the use of credit.
Vitamin C and upper respiratory illness in Navaho children: preliminary observations (1974).

In a large double-blind study among Navaho school children, we evaluated the effects of vitamin C in 1- and 2-gram daily doses on acute respiratory illness during a 14-week period.' We found no evidence of significant prophylaxis, but our findings did suggest a modest therapeutic benefit in that children taking vitamin Chad from 28% to 34% fewer days of morbidity caused by respiratory episodes than those taking placebo. Likewise, in classroom surveillance, younger children on vitamin C had 26% fewer symptom-days of cough and nasal discharge recorded. These observations were consistent with other recent trials using 1 gram daily (4 grams during illness) in Canadian adults L' and 250-500 milligrams daily in Irish schoolchildren.3 The clinical significance of this modest therapeutic result in minor, selflimited illness was, in itself, questionable. However, further study was indicated to determine: (a) if use of vitamin C could prevent complications of the common cold in children, such as superinfections or otitis media; (b) if certain symptoms or symptom complexes responded specifically to vitamin C therapy; and (c) if indeed, as our data had suggested,l higher blood ascorbic acid levels were correlated with fewer days of illness. A second investigation was designed to confirm, if possible, and expand our previous findings. The second trial was conducted in two Navaho boarding schools during January through May 1974, using doses of 1 gram vitamin C daily versus placebo tablets. This report presents preliminary routine surveillance findings from the second study.
Problems in the Study of Middle Eastern Women

The study of Middle Eastern women, past and present, poses a number of methodological problems, some common to Third World studies and others peculiar to the Middle East. Recent research and editorial experience lead me to some conclusions regarding research on Middle Eastern women, both historical and contemporary. The most obvious problem is that, as compared either with many other areas of Middle Eastern history or with numerous geographical areas of women's history, almost no serious scholarly historical work has been done.
Overweight condition and waist circumference and a candidate gene within the 12q24 locus

Obesity and obesity-associated phenotypes are linked to the chromosome12q24 locus, the non-insulin-dependent-diabetes 2 (NIDDM2) locus. The gene of proteasome modulator 9 (PSMD9) lies in the NIDDM2 region and is linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D), microvascular and macrovascular complications of T2D. We aimed at studying whether the PSMD9 T2D risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) IVS3+nt460, IVS3+nt437, and 197G are linked to obesity, overweight status and waist circumference in Italian T2D families. We screened 200 Italians T2D siblings/families for PSMD9 variants. Using Merlin software, we performed non-parametric linkage analysis to test for linkage with obesity and overweight condition and variance component analysis to test for linkage with waist circumference in our T2D siblings/families dataset. Our study shows that the PSMD9 SNPs IVS3+nt460, IVS3+nt437, and 197G are in linkage with overweight condition and waist circumference in Italians. The statistical power tests performed via simulations on real data confirm that the results are not due to random chance. In summary, the linkage strategy using a homogeneous family/subject dataset can identify a gene contributing to a complex trait. PMSD9 may be at least one of the genes responsible for the linkage to obesity and obesity-associated phenotypes at the locus 12q24 in other populations.
Ethnic and Gender Differences in Beliefs about Sex Partner Questioning to Reduce HIV Risk

With the increasing risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HPV) transmission among sexually active adolescents and young adults, individuals are sometimes advised to select sexual partners from lower H!V-risk populations. One method for doing so is directly asking questions about sexual risk histories. The current study examines, in a sample of 394 sexually active, heterosexual, unmarried youngAsian-A merican, African-American, Hispanic, and White adults, their perceptions of the effectiveness of partner questioning in reducing HIV risk and the extent to which they employ the technique. Results indicate that young adults, both male and female, expect others, particularly men, to minimize HIV risk histories. Ethnic differences were also found, with African-American and Hispanic young adults anticipating more frequent risk minimization. Despite this knowledge, a substantial proportion of young adults use partner questioning to reduce their HIV risk. Women who did so reported less frequent condom use when com...
Sampling effects on observed cyclopropane isomerization in a single pulse shock tube

Cyclopropane in argon mixtures was heated in a single-pulse shock tube, and syringes were used to withdraw samples from both the central gas slug and the gas adjacent to the tube walls. Differences were observed in the measured conversion, with larger conversion found in the center location. The discrepancy increased with increasing conversion, and the results indicate that boundary-layer effects can seriously affect the results of absolute single-pulse shock-tube studies when percent conversion is large.
Youths and Communities: Toward Comprehensive Strategies for Youth Development

Society's conventional response to problems of young people--such as teenage pregnancy, school dropout, substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, and violence--is to target a specific problem and develop intervention or prevention programs for individuals who manifest the problem or are at high risk of it. Research shows that overlapping risk and protective factors affect the occurrence of all of these problems and that prevention strategies aimed at enhancing youths' development, reducing communities' specific risks, and strengthening protective factors are likely to be more successful than programs addressing the problem behaviors themselves. Among such strategies deserving wider consideration are "comprehensive community initiatives" that create collaborative partnerships among public officials, service providers, primary institutions, and citizens to promote the well-being of children, youths, and families.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma in the Horseshoe Kidney: Report of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature

Summary— Horseshoe kidney is the most frequent abnormality of renal fusion and can be complicated by urinary stasis, resulting in infection and calculus formation. Adenocarcinoma is not uncommon, but transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis occurs more frequently in horseshoe than in non-fused kidneys. Twenty-two cases of carcinoma of the renal pelvis of horseshoe kidneys have been reported. We add 3 more.
Spray doping method to create a low-profile high-density carbon nanotube thermoelectric generator

Abstract A new spray doping method is presented that allows for easily tunable thermoelectric properties of thin film carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composites. An airbrush introduces small molecule Polyethyleneimine into existing p-type CNT films converting it to an n-type composite. This technique allows for the conversion of a single p-type film into a multi-section device of alternating p- and n-type segments. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) design is presented with the effort to address current design issues facing thin film thermoelectric devices as a commercially viable TEG. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity were tested under different dopant concentrations and compared with traditional solution based methods.
Wind Speed and Stability Effects on Coupling between Surface Wind Stress and SST Observed from Buoys and Satellite

AbstractThe surface wind and stress responses to sea surface temperature (SST) are examined using collocated moored buoy and satellite observations in the Gulf Stream and the eastern equatorial Pacific. Using 17 buoy pairs, differences in the wind speed, 10-m equivalent neutral wind speed (ENW), and surface wind stress magnitude between two buoys separated by between 150 and 350 km were all found to be highly correlated to, and satisfy linear relations with, the SST difference on time scales longer than 10 days. This wind–SST coupling is consistent with previous analyses of spatially high-pass-filtered satellite ENW and SST fields. For all buoy pairs, the ENW and wind speed responses to SST differ by only 10%–30%, indicating that the ENW and stress responses to SST are attributable primarily to the response of the actual surface wind speed to SST rather than to stability. This result clarifies the dynamical pathway of the wind–SST coupling on the oceanic mesoscale.This buoy-pair methodology is used furthe...
Laparoscopic Surgery for Endometrial Cancer: Why Don’t All Patients Go Home the Day After Surgery?

Abstract Study Objective To identify risk factors for hospital length of stay (LOS) longer than 1 postoperative day in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy because of endometrial cancer. Design Retrospective observational study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting Tertiary-care university hospital. Patients One hundred thirty-three patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy because of endometrial cancer between August 2006 and August 2010. Interventions One hundred thirty-three women underwent traditional laparoscopy. In 101 of these patients, lymph node sampling was performed. Measurements and Main Outcomes Seventy-four women (55%) were discharged on postoperative day 1. The percentage of women discharged on postoperative day 1 (POD1) vs after POD 1 did not differ by extent of staging. Risk of perioperative complications was associated with hospital LOS longer than POD1 (odds ratio [OR], 11.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–94.39). Procedure start time after 3:00 pm (OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.14–9.04) and procedure end time after 5:00 pm (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.17–5.20) were independent factors associated with hospital LOS beyond POD1. There was a nonsignificant tendency toward later hospital discharge with administration of intravenous narcotic agents. Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery to treat endometrial cancer should be preferentially scheduled early in the day to facilitate discharge on POD1. The extent of staging lymphadenectomy performed does not increase hospital stay beyond POD1.
Clustering in wavelet domain: A multiresolution ART network for anomaly detection

A method for process fault detection is presented, based on the integration of multiscale signal representation and scale-specific clustering-based diagnosis. Previous work has demonstrated the utility of our multiscale detection scheme applied to linear projection-based methods, such as PCA and Dynamic PCA. This work further demonstrates the use and method independence of the multiscale scheme by applying it to a nonlinear modeling method, namely Adaptive Resonance Theory-2. The multiscale ART-2 (MSART-2) algorithm detects a process change when one or more wavelet coefficients violate the similarity thresholds with respect to clusters of wavelet coefficients under normal process operation at that scale. In contrast to most other multiresolution schemes, this framework exploits clustering behavior of wavelet coefficients of multiple variables for the purpose of scale selection and feature extraction. By reconstructing the signal with only the relevant scales, MSART-2 can automatically extract the signal feature representing the abnormal operation under consideration. Illustrative examples as well as Monte Carlo bases for these claims via a comparative performance analysis over several case studies are provided. Comparison of average detection delays or run-lengths of MSART-2 with those of ART-2 for a variety of processes with different statistical characteristics is provided. Comparative results on real industrial case studies from a petrochemical process plant are also presented. Results indicate that MSART-2, as compared to ART-2, is a general approach that may be preferable for problems where it is necessary to detect all changes drawn from processes of various statistical characteristics. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2455–2466, 2004
A weighted gap design-study for the space station

The authors explore a methodology which is based on a weighted gap optimization in deriving a controller for the Space Station Freedom. They provide performance specifications and discuss the choice of weighting functions that lead to a design that meets the specifications. >
Antibodies as Mediators of Brain Pathology

The brain is normally sequestered from antibody exposure by the blood brain barrier. However, antibodies can access the brain during fetal development before the barrier achieves full integrity, and in disease states when barrier integrity is compromised. Recent studies suggest that antibodies contribute to brain pathology associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and neuromyelitis optica, and can lead to transient or permanent behavioral or cognitive abnormalities. We review these findings here and examine the circumstances associated with antibody entry into the brain, the routes of access and the mechanisms that then effect pathology. Understanding these processes and the nature and specificity of neuronal autoantibodies may reveal therapeutic strategies toward alleviating or preventing the neurological pathologies and behavioral abnormalities associated with autoimmune disease.
The Economic Implications of Rapid Urban Growth in the Third World Countries

Apart from the natural population growth which accounts for urban population in the third world countries, rural-urban migration has accounted for the major growth and the resulting resource cost of providing for rapidly expanding urban population. The great majority move for economic reasons. Studies throughout the third world report time and again that the great majority of migrants consider that they have improved their condition, and that they are satisfied with the move. A paradox arises between the rationality of the individual and the small group decisions to migrate and the irrationality of the migrating movement when considered at the level of the national economy. This micro/macro paradox is resolved when the migratory movement is seen as a mechanism that allows some of the disadvantaged rural population to partake in a small measure of the resources disproportionately concentrated in urban areas. In the absence of effective policies to redistribute productive resources and/or income across the rural-urban divide, rural-urban migration can be argued to contribute to economic development, defined to include distributional aspects.
Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Porous Media

When fluid flows through the interconnected voids and passages of a porous medium, the walls of these voids and passages form many small tunnels, and the fluid flows inside them. The study of physical phenomena in a porous medium on such a scale (pore scale) is called the microscopic method. Due to the complexity of the micro-geometry of porous media, it is unrealistic to study the details of the flow on this scale. Therefore, one has to describe the flow phenomena in porous media on a macroscopic rather than microscopic basis. The spatial average method is a way to transfer properties of porous media from the microscopic level to the macroscopic level.
Optimal Attachment of a Secondary, Bender-Type Resonator to a Flexible Base Beam for Energy Harvesting Applications

The application of piezoelectric bender actuators as active resonators for energy harvesting may prove to be advantageous over uniaxial actuators as they can extract both rotary and translational energy from a flexible base. In addition, this minimizes the likelihood that the attachment location is the node of a mode (rotary or translational). In this paper, the equations of motion/boundary conditions are presented for a continuous two-beam system composed of a cantilevered, primary base beam with a secondary bender mounted to its surface. The secondary bender is composed of piezoelectric material. To generalize the analyses performed in this work, the equations were nondimensionalized. Using the nondimensionalized equations of motion, a tuning procedure is described to match the first natural frequency of the actuator beam to an arbitrary natural frequency of the base beam. The actuator beam was tuned to the first natural frequency of the base beam and a sensitivity study was performed to show the effect of the actuator beam attachment location on the system natural frequencies and mode shapes. Using the mode shape waterfall plots, a brief study was also performed to determine the percent strain energy in the actuator beam relative to the total system strain energy for the first four system modes.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
A biopsychosocial approach to women’s sexual function and dysfunction at midlife: A narrative review

A satisfying sex life is an important component of overall well-being, but sexual dysfunction is common, especially in midlife women. The aim of this review is (a) to define sexual function and dysfunction, (b) to present theoretical models of female sexual response, (c) to examine longitudinal studies of how sexual function changes during midlife, and (d) to review treatment options. Four types of female sexual dysfunction are currently recognized: Female Orgasmic Disorder, Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder, Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder, and Substance/Medication-Induced Sexual Dysfunction. However, optimal sexual function transcends the simple absence of dysfunction. A biopsychosocial approach that simultaneously considers physical, psychological, sociocultural, and interpersonal factors is necessary to guide research and clinical care regarding women's sexual function. Most longitudinal studies reveal an association between advancing menopause status and worsening sexual function. Psychosocial variables, such as availability of a partner, relationship quality, and psychological functioning, also play an integral role. Future directions for research should include deepening our understanding of how sexual function changes with aging and developing safe and effective approaches to optimizing women's sexual function with aging. Overall, holistic, biopsychosocial approaches to women's sexual function are necessary to fully understand and treat this key component of midlife women's well-being.
Enzymatic Activities During Basidiocarp Development of Pleurotus Ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kummer, commonly known as the oyster mushroom, had varying amounts of the enzymes α-D-galactosidase, β-D-glucosidase and acid phosphatase. The pH of optimum activity for t...
Dynamics of interstitial H 2 in crystalline silicon

The dynamics of interstitial ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and its isotopes in crystalline silicon have been studied by using a potential-energy function for the molecule that consists of the superposition of potentials for two separated hydrogen atoms as generated from the quantum-mechanical calculations of Porter, Towler, and Needs. The rotational properties were calculated using the approach of Martin and Fowler and the vibrational properties of the molecules as a whole were obtained. The results of these calculations indicate nearly free rotational motion, consistent with shallow rotational potentials. Confinement of the molecules leads to center-of-mass vibrations of a few hundred wave numbers and dynamical ``off-centeredness'' that breaks tetrahedral symmetry and allows purely vibrational transitions to occur. This approach has also been used to investigate tetrahedral interstitial ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ adjacent to a bond-centered oxygen atom. The results of these calculations provide a framework for understanding the rovibrational properties of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and their isotopes, including experiments involving uniaxial stress.
Water Resources Management for Sustainable Environmental Public Health

Water is essential for life and social and economic development. Its exploitation and use must be well planned and managed in a sustainable manner. In many developing countries, lack of adequate, clean, and safe water, pollution of aquatic environments, and the mismanagement of natural resources are still major causes of environmental health problem and mortality. With a human population that is continuing to grow, the management of water resources will become of vital importance. In order to accommodate more growth, sustainable freshwater resource management will need to be included in future development plans and implementations. One of the major environmental issues of concern to policy-makers is the increased vulnerability of surface and groundwater quality. Furthermore, the main challenge for the sustainability of water resources is the control of water pollution. To understand the sustainability of the water resources, one needs to understand the impact of future land use and climate changes on the water resources. Providing safe water and basic sanitation to meet the millennium development goals will require substantial economic resources, sustainable technological solutions, and courageous political will. A balanced approach to water resources development, on the one hand, and controls for the protection of water quality, on the other hand, is required for sustainability of water resources and environmental public health. In addition to providing improved water and sanitation services, we must ensure that these services provide safe drinking water; adequate quantities of water for health, hygiene, agriculture, and development; and sustainable sanitation approaches to protect health and the environment.
Postmastectomy radiation of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap reconstruction is well tolerated in women with breast cancer.

Chest wall irradiation decreases locoregional recurrence and breast cancer-related mortality in women at high risk for recurrence after mastectomy. Many women undergoing mastectomy desire immediate...
Li A3 reaction

The Li A3-reaction is the direct dehydrative condensation reaction of aldehydealkyne- amine catalyzed by various transition-metals to generate propargyl amines, often in water
High Impedance Fault Detection using Recurrent Networks

A Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP) and a partially recurrent MLP were trained to demonstrate the use of ANN techniques in detecting High Impedance Faults(HIFs) in power distribution lines. The results were encouraging. Although their performance is comparable to the performance of the existing conventional algorithmic under the limited training and testing we did, they are capable of providing adaptive detectors which the algorithms certainly lack.
A complex systems framework approach towards multidisciplinary tumor boards

Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) are universally recommended and have been used in treatment of late stage cancers. Tumor boards have the advantage of including all the stakeholders in the decision making process and improving quality of care, however several studies have pointed to their lack of efficiency and tend to be lackluster while not producing the desired benefits for the participants. In this paper we present the design of a web based immersive framework for collaborative decision making that has the potential to improve several inefficiencies in conducting tumor boards and improve overall clinical outcomes. We present the design of our framework and use late stage cancer treatment as an example to explain its software components and its role in improving communication, treatment time and the overall decision making process. The framework which has been successfully used in other collaborative decision-making environments has the potential to transform how tumor boards could dramatically improve the quality of cancer care in the future.
A general mechanism for anti-tumor therapy based on Fc receptor engagement

The impressive success of IgG based anti-tumor therapeutics has focused attention on the mechanism of antibody mediated cytotoxicity and the role of cellular effector responses triggered by Fc receptor ligation. A large body of pre-clinical animal data supports an unequivocal role for ADCC as a central mechanism for anti-tumor therapeutics augmented by contributions from immune complex mediated dendritic cell maturation initiated by FcR signaling. Supportive data has been accumulated in patient populations demonstrating a strong correlation between clinical response and alleles of activating FcRs. These results point to the importance of engineering the Fc domain to optimize activation FcR engagement in preference over inhibitory signaling. Such optimization can be achieved by amino acid and glycan modifications to the IgG Fc. Novel animal models have been developed for the in vivo evaluation of modified IgGs that will enable improved therapeutics based on rational engineering of the Fc domain. This abstract was published in Cancer Immunity, a Cancer Research Institute journal that ceased publication in 2013 and is now provided online in association with Cancer Immunology Research.
Moritz Revisited: Modern Mistakes about how we Think about Forensic Pathology:

In 1956, Alan Moritz published a landmark article entitled Classical Mistakes in Forensic Pathology. This article has been required reading for two generations of forensic pathologists, and the mis...
Moctezuma II: la expansión del imperio mexica

Moctezuma II centro su politica imperial en consolidar un imperio, ya entonces grande e invencible. Logro estas metas conquistando las ricas ciudades-Estado dentro de su vasto imperio, aplastando las cada vez mas frecuentes rebeliones y repitiendo varias veces sus intentos de dominar a Tlaxcala y sus vecinos aliados
Conflicted Collaboration in The Mothers Legacy

This chapter examines the extensive editorial interventions made by Anglican clergyman Thomas Goad into Elizabeth Joscelin’s The Mothers Legacy to her Vnborn Childe (1624). My analysis begins with a consideration of factors that led Goad to conclude that Joscelin’s manuscript was incomplete. This paves the way for an analysis of the relationship between Joscelin and her editor. I argue that Goad’s emendations aimed to “repair” the text by making it conform to conventional early modern notions of appropriate female piety. By paying attention to his emendations—to the gaps he sought to fill in Joscelin’s text—we can also fill gaps in our understanding of the role women played in religious debates of seventeenth-century England.
Cognitive Dysfunction among Geriatrics Patients - A Clinical Survey

Aim: The aim of the study was to find out the cognitive dysfunction among geriatric patients Objectives: To find out the intellectual impairment in geriatric patient To compare the gender difference in cognitive dysfunction among geriatric patients Methods: Fifteen geriatric patients with the age group of 65-80 (Mean Age 74.2) in and around Chidambaram were selected for this survey. All patients were screened by Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire SPMSQ was used as an objective measurement of cognitive dysfunction among geriatric patient. The scores of SPMSQ were statistically analyzed and interpreted Result: The statistical analysis of Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) scores mean value is 7.733333 and the SD is 0.997775. This statistical picture suggests that, the Moderate and severe intellectual impairment was seen in geriatric patients. Conclusion: Cognitive dysfunctions were seen among both genders of geriatric patients and geriatric patients of male were more prone to Cognitive impairments then the female patients.
Globalization and the Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis A Virus

Increased economic interdependence, social integration, and other aspects of globalization are contributing to significant changes in hepatitis A epidemiology. Globally, the incidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is decreasing, the age at midpoint of population immunity (AMPI) is increasing, and the proportion of symptomatic cases is increasing as the average age at infection increases. In low-income countries, HAV remains endemic but improved water and sanitation systems are reducing transmission rates among young children. In high-income countries, most adults remain susceptible to HAV and foodborne outbreaks are becoming more frequent. Middle-income countries have diverse epidemiological profiles, and they play important roles in the global spread of HAV through international trade and travel. Future changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis A will be heavily influenced by globalization processes.
Radiology residency: home away from home.

Support for the argument that preimplantation genetic diagnosis followed by selection and implantation of an embryo with a trait that many consider a disability, e.g., deafness, achondroplasia, does not harm the child that develops from the implanted embryo. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.