cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Problem Anger.

Abstract The goal of this paper is to familiarize clinicians with the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for problem anger by describing the application of ACT to a case of a 45-year-old man struggling with anger. ACT is an approach and set of intervention technologies that support acceptance and mindfulness processes linked with commitment and behavior change processes. Here, we outline an ACT model of problem anger, extend that analysis to a clinical case, and illustrate ACT intervention strategies and assessment considerations. As will be seen, ACT teaches individuals to “act on life, not an anger” by choosing and committing to live consistently with personal values rather than acting on anger feelings and associated behavioral impulses.
134 FAILURE OF M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAM TO DETERMINE CONGENITAL AORTIC VALVE BICUSPIDIZATION. ANATOMIC CORRELATION BY ORIFICE-VIEW AORTOGRAPHY

134 FAILURE OF M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAM TO DETERMINE CONGENITAL AORTIC VALVE BICUSPIDIZATION. ANATOMIC CORRELATION BY ORIFICE-VIEW AORTOGRAPHY
Hermite Collocation Solution of Partial Differential Equations via Preconditioned Krylov Methods

We are concerned with the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) in two spatial dimensions discretized via Hermite collocation. To efficiently solve the resulting systems of linear algebraic equations, we choose a Krylov subspace method. We implement two such methods: Bi-CGSTAB [1] and GMRES [2]. In addition, we utilize two different preconditioners: one based on the Gauss–Seidel method with a block red-black ordering (RBGS); the other based upon a block incomplete LU factorization (ILU). Our results suggest that, at least in the context of Hermite collocation, the RBGS preconditioner is superior to the ILU preconditioner and that the Bi-CGSTAB method is superior to GMRES. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17:120–136, 2001
Fast determination of mitochondria electrophoretic mobility using micro free-flow electrophoresis

Fast, continuous separation of mitochondria from rat myoblasts using micro free-flow electrophoresis (μFFE) with online laser-induced fluorescence detection (LIF) is reported. Mitochondrial electrophoretic profiles were acquired in less than 30 s. In comparison to macroscale FFE instruments, μFFE devices consumed approximately 100-fold less sample, used 10-fold less buffer, and required a 15-fold lower electric field. Mitochondrial electrophoretic mobility distributions measured using μFFE were compared to those measured with a capillary electrophoresis instrument with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). There was high similarity between the two distributions with CE-LIF distribution being offset by 1.8 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 with respect to the μFFE distribution. We hypothesize that this offset results from the differences in electric field strength used in the techniques. In comparison to CE-LIF, analysis of mitochondria using μFFE greatly decreased separation time and required less separation vo...
Examining the Psychosis Continuum

The notion that psychosis may exist on a continuum with normal experience has been proposed in multiple forms throughout the history of psychiatry. However, in recent years there has been an exponential increase in efforts aimed at elucidating what has been termed the 'psychosis continuum'. The present review seeks to summarize some of the more basic characteristics of this continuum and to present some of the recent findings that provide support for its validity. While there is still considerable work to be done, the emerging data holds considerable promise for advancing our understanding of both risk and resilience to psychiatric disorders characterized by psychosis.
Graph model‐based approach to the representation, interpretation, and execution of signal processing systems

In a large class of intelligent machines, one of the tasks of the knowledge-based system components is to configure real-time signal processing systems. These systems implement low-level sensory or control algorithms according to the model of the system to be observed or controlled. If a change in the state of the model is detected, or the goal of the operation is modified, the real-time signal processing schemes have to be dynamically restructured. This article describes a system which has been developed for the knowledge-based generation and restructuring of real-time signal processing systems in parallel computing environments. the system is based on the integration of a hierarchical representation technique, the corresponding interpretation method, and an execution environment, which includes a graph model of computations.
The Quaker way: Ethical labor and humanitarian relief

In this article, I consider the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) relief project in Gaza (1948–50) to explore ethical dilemmas that are endemic to humanitarianism. Considering humanitarian practice from this distinctive perspective can shed new light on this arena. Exploration of the “ethical labor” of Quaker practice in Gaza illuminates an ethical practice that joined concern for others with care of the self, a practice that was equally attentive to an obligation to be “in the world” and to be true to oneself. The debates and practices of AFSC volunteers in Gaza reveal humanitarianism as a field of compromised action.
Interpreting Invention as a Cognitive Process: The Case of Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, and the Telephone:

Historians of technology have provided important accounts of technological innovation, but they rarely employ concepts which permit a rigorous analysis ofinvention as a mental or cognitive process. This article seeks to address this theoretical lacuna by using concepts adapted from cognitive psychology to compare the mental processes of two telephone inventors, Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison. Specifically, we suggest that invention may be seen as a process in which inventors combine ideas with objects, or what we call mental models and mechanical representations. The strategies by which inventors generate and manipulate these mental models and mechanical representations are what we refer to as heuristics. Using these concepts to narrate the development of the telephone, this article shows how invention can be interpreted as being much more than simply a mysterious act of individual genius.
Issues and approaches to estimating interrater reliability in nursing research

Following a general discussion of the meaning of and need for reliability estimates, four different approaches to the estimation of interrater reliability are discussed: correlational techniques, comparison of means, percentage of agreement, and generalizability theory techniques. Data from a nursing research project are used to illustrate the method and to interpret reliability estimates obtained by each approach. The estimates vary widely, from a low of .03 (using a percentage of agreement technique), to a high of .68 (using a correlational approach). The usefulness and advantages of generalizability theory techniques, which afford the most comprehensive and complex means of assessing reliability, are emphasized.
The chemisorption of pentacene on Si(0 0 1)-2 × 1

Abstract Adsorption structures of the pentacene (C 22 H 14 ) molecule on the clean Si(0 0 1)-2 × 1 surface were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in conjunction with density functional theory calculations and STM image simulations. The pentacene molecules were found to adsorb on four major sites and four minor sites. The adsorption structures of the pentacene molecules at the four major sites were determined by comparison between the experimental and the simulated STM images. Three out of the four theoretically identified adsorption structures are different from the previously proposed adsorption structures. They involve six to eight Si–C covalent chemical bonds. The adsorption energies of the major four structures are calculated to be in the range 67–128 kcal/mol. It was also found that the pentacene molecule hardly hopped on the surface when applying pulse bias voltages on the molecule, but was mostly decomposed.
Parallel frequency-domain optical coherence tomography scatter-mode imaging of the hamster cheek pouch using a thermal light source

We use a parallel frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT) system to generate a scatter-mode image of the hamster cheek pouch epithelium. To our knowledge, this is the first optical coherence tomography (OCT) image of a biological sample obtained using a thermal light source in the frequency domain. The system employs an imaging spectrometer to acquire depth-resolved profiles from adjacent spatial points without the need for any scanning. To enable this imaging modality, we have considered that signals originating from multiple depths combine in a different manner in FDOCT compared to time-domain optical coherence tomography (TDOCT). Because a multicomponent FDOCT signal is a coherent sum, it is necessary to limit the number of modes that contribute to the detected signal. Conversely, multicomponent TDOCT signals can be represented as incoherent sums, where increasing the number of modes improves the signal.
The Effects of Interactive Reading Homework and Parent Involvement on Children's Inference Responses.

This study examined the effects of (a) interactive reading homework, and (b) parent involvement with children during homework on students' responses to inference questions. Interactive reading homework refers to homework designed to involve both parents and children and to facilitate student reasoning. The participants were 84 parents and 84 second grade students from three Alabama elementary schools. Data were gathered using pre- and post student inference tests, parent behavior checklists, and parent homework questionnaires. The results indicated that interactive reading homework increased both parental involvement during the completion of reading homework assignments and students' ability to draw inferences.
A multi-institution exploration of secondary socialization and occupational identity among undergraduate music majors

Researchers are increasingly interested in the psychological and sociological processes by which college students develop competence and confidence as musicians. We surveyed 454 undergraduate music...
A filterable, proliferating factor simulating autoimmunity in malarious and nonmalarious ducklings

Abstract Ducklings receiving 9.0 ml or 0.2 ml of filtered malarious plasma underwent comparable anemic responses. Recipients of the larger injection demonstrated a reduction in the level of polychromatophil erythroblasts whereas the recipients of the smaller injection did not. Two tenths milliliter of whole blood or filtered plasma from these ducklings also produced and continued to produce anemia during 24 successive passages in ducklings without any apparent reduction of its efficacy. The anemia-producing agent resides on or in erythrocytes and occurs in the plasma. Transfer of the agent in conjunction with a Plasmodium lophurae infection maintained by transfer of infected blood every four days was demonstrated. Preliminary attempts to characterize the agent beyond being filterable and proliferating met with no success. From consideration of our results we believe that we are observing the effect of a virus that can be transferred either with or without the malaria parasite and is responsible for at least part of the anemia observed in infections of P. lophurae in ducklings.
Social Psychology as History

An analysis of theory and research in social psychology reveals that while methods of research are scientific in character, theories of social behavior are primarily reflections of contemporary history. The dissemination of psychological knowledge modifies the patterns of behavior upon which the knowledge is based. It does so because of the prescriptive bias of psychological theorizing, the liberating effects of knowledge, and the resistance based on common values of freedom and individuality. In addition, theoretical premises are based primarily on acquired dispositions. As the culture changes, such dispositions are altered, and the premises are often invalidated. Several modifications in the scope and methods of social psychology are derived from this analysis.
What motivates teachers? Important work on a complex question

Abstract In this commentary I briefly describe the articles, suggest three themes that unite the works and two questions raised by them, and then elaborate some challenges that these studies pose for researchers and practitioners. The themes include situating these articles in the history of the study of teaching and exploring both the complexity of teachers' motivation and of the statistical designs used to study it. The concerns focus on addressing context in research on teaching and discerning implications for teacher education. Together these studies produce a heuristic perspective, which I attempt to illustrate in one possible model for further research.
Development of synaptic transmission to respiratory motoneurons

Respiratory motoneurons provide the exclusive drive to respiratory muscles and therefore are a key relay between brainstem neural circuits that generate respiratory rhythm and respiratory muscles that control moment of gases into and out of the airways and lungs. This review is focused on postnatal development of fast ionotropic synaptic transmission to respiratory motoneurons, with a focus on hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs). Glutamatergic synaptic transmission to HMs involves activation of both non-NMDA and NMDA receptors and during the postnatal period co-activation of these receptors located at the same synapse may occur. Further, the relative role of each receptor type in inspiratory-phase motoneuron depolarization is dependent on the type of preparation used (in vitro versus in vivo; neonatal versus adult). Respiratory motoneurons receive both glycinergic and GABAergic inhibitory synaptic inputs. During inspiration phrenic and HMs receive concurrent excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. During postnatal development in HMs GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic inputs have slow kinetics and are depolarizing and with postnatal development they become faster and hyperpolarizing. Additionally shunting inhibition may play an important role in synaptic processing by respiratory motoneurons.
CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE COMPOSITAE: COLOMBIAN SPECIES'

A B S T R A C T Chromosome numbers are presented for 76 species belonging to 35 genera of Compositae from Colombia. Thirty-nine species and three genera, Espeletia (x = 19), Steiractinia (x = 14), and Vasquezia (x = 19), are reported for the first time. New base numbers or chromosome series are recorded in Baccharis (B. nitida, n = 25), Calea (C. caracasana, n = 24), and Liabum (L. megacephalum, n = 10).
Consistent estimation of continuous-time signals from nonlinear transformations of noisy samples

A signal cannot in general be reconstructed from its sign, i.e., from its hard-limited version. However, by the deliberate addition of noise to samples of the signal prior to hard limiting, it is shown that the signal can be estimated consistently from its hard-limited noisy samples as the sampling rate tends to infinity. In fact, such estimates are shown to converge with probability one to the signal and to be asymptotically normal. Although the estimates are in general nonlinear, they can be made linear by a proper choice of the noise distribution. These rather unexpected results hold for all bounded and uniformly continuous signals. In addition to the hard-limiter, such results are also established for certain monotonic and nonmonotonic nonlinearities.
American Hospital Association (2011) Hospitals and Care systems of the Future

Aimed at senior hospital management teams, and produced by the Association's Board Committee (AHA) on Performance Improvement, this policy report outlines some important directions for the future o...
Relationship and comparison of selected anthropometric measures to muscular endurance and strength in children aged 3–5 years

This study investigated the relationships and differences between grip strength, hang time (upper body muscular endurance), sum of skinfold measures, body weight and height among 103 children 3-5 years of age. The results indicated that the only significant (P less than 0.05) difference between groups on skinfold was at the umbilical site, where the 3-year-old's measurements were larger than the 4- or 5-year-old group. All strength and body weight measures increased with age and in each case were significantly (P less than 0.01) different between groups. Analysis of the correlation matrix representing key variables revealed no correlations which could be regarded as high practical indicators; thus it was concluded that body weight, height, and selected skinfold measurements were not practical indicators of grip strength and muscular endurance.
Ergonomic Aspects of Clinical and Surgical Procedures Discussion Panel Proposal

This discussion panel aims to identify ergonomic concerns, solutions and research needs related to outcomes and the health and safety of workers who perform clinical and surgical procedures. This session will begin with formal presentations to demonstrate current ergonomic concerns and research initiatives associated with clinical and surgical procedures to frame the panel discussion for the second part of the session. Discussion of different procedures will help to identify solutions research needs that relate to a broad range of ergonomic problems. Questions will be collected from the attendees and speakers and organized so as to guide the panel discussion and to engage all of the speakers in the discussion to achieve the symposium aims.
Redistricting in the Classroom: A Module for Inductive Learning

We describe a hands-on teaching module on the redistricting process for use in undergraduate classes. Students engage in the process of strategically drawing district lines, which allows them to inductively understand gerrymandering and its consequences. The module also encourages students to consider the many factors that complicate efforts to identify a “fair” approach to redistricting, focusing on communities of interest. We also discuss a number of extensions to the activity and provide examples of controversial districts that may be used to illustrate various redistricting concepts.
Electrostrictive stress concentrations in an elastic dielectric containing two rigid spherical conductors

A linear uncoupled theory of electrostriction defined in the bispherical coordinate system is utilized to investigate stress concentrations in an infi nite elastic dielectric containing two rigid spherical electrically conducting inclusions. The elastic dielectric is assumed homogeneous and isotropic so that piezoelectric effects are not present. After a general development of the theory, the specific problem of the two conductors held at a constant electrical potential difference is considered in detail. Effects of the relative sphere spacing on the stress field and the displacement of the rigid spher ical conductors for this applied electrical potential are obtained and pre sented graphically.
Learning disabilities and learned helplessness: a heuristic approach

This study investigated whether students with learning disabilities exhibited learned helpless behavior at a greater rate than their normal achieving peers when confronted with reading failure. Forty-five third grade students from a suburban elementary schools were participants in the study. Thirty of the subjects were classified as having a learning disability (LD) and the remaining 15 subjects were from regular education (RE) classrooms. Fifteen of the students with LD were placed in the treatment group and the remaining fifteen were placed in the control group. All the regular education students were placed in the treatment group. After randomly assigning the students with LD into either a treatment (stressed) group or a control (nonstressed) group, the stressed students were administered a reading instrument in order to measure how they dealt with failure. A one-way ANCOVA was conducted to determine whether significant differences existed between the groups based on their posttest scores. The results indicate that stressed students with LD have a significantly more difficult time recovering from stress than their regular education peers.
Black plastic mulch and drip irrigation affect growth and performance of bell pepper

ABSTRACT Bell peppers were grown in the field on bare soil and in black plastic mulch with and without drip irrigation. Black plastic mulch alone and black plastic mulch plus drip irrigation increased pepper yields by 18 MT and 16 MT per hectare (571% and 631%), respectively, over yields on bare soil. The study was conducted at Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville, DeKalb County, Alabama on a fine sandy loam soil.
Does obesity shorten life? The importance of well-defined interventions to answer causal questions

Many observational studies have estimated a strong effect of obesity on mortality. In this paper, we explicitly define the causal question that is asked by these studies and discuss the problems associated with it. We argue that observational studies of obesity and mortality violate the condition of consistency of counterfactual (potential) outcomes, a necessary condition for meaningful causal inference, because (1) they do not explicitly specify the interventions on body mass index (BMI) that are being compared and (2) different methods to modify BMI may lead to different counterfactual mortality outcomes, even if they lead to the same BMI value in a given person. Besides precluding the estimation of unambiguous causal effects, this violation of consistency affects the ability to address two additional conditions that are also necessary for causal inference: exchangeability and positivity. We conclude that consistency violations not only preclude the estimation of well-defined causal effects but also compromise our ability to estimate ill-defined causal effects.
Management of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Autoimmune Cholangitis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune cholangitis are chronic cholestatic liver diseases with a presumed autoimmune basis. These conditions are typically differentiated by the presence of antimitochondrial and antinuclear antibodies in the serum. They are generally progressive diseases, although the rate of progression varies greatly from one patient to another, and patients frequently develop frank biliary cirrhosis and its complications. The decision to intervene with pharmacological therapy aimed at the underlying pathogenic mechanisms is based on the anticipated risks of liver-related morbidity and mortality. This article focuses on studies assessing different drugs in the treatment of these two conditions and in particular, PBC.
Prothrombotic determinants of coronary atherothrombosis

An acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the clinical manifestation of a thrombotic event occurring within a coronary artery narrowed by atherosclerosis. This atherothrombotic event is thought to occur following destabilizing changes within the atherosclerotic plaque, rendering it a surface on which thrombus can develop. The development and progression of this thrombus are determined by deleterious perturbations in the hemostatic equilibrium within the local environment of the plaque that favor thrombosis. Major risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic disease have been clearly established and are targets of aggressive modification in an effort to impede the development or slow the progression of disease. While conferring an increased risk for plaque development, these and other risk factors also establish a prothrombotic milieu within the microenvironment of the atherosclerotic plaque that favors thrombosis. This review seeks to address these traditional and emerging risk factors from the context of their pathologic effects on local hemostatic balance. Aggressive risk factor modification not only reduces atherosclerotic disease development and progression, but also ameliorates the prothrombotic state, and ultimately serves to reduce atherothrombotic events.
Musculoskeletal disorders associated with HIV infection and AIDS. Part I: Infectious musculoskeletal conditions

The musculoskeletal system can be affected by a variety of abnormalities in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although not as common as complications involving other organ systems, such as the pulmonary and the central nervous systems, HIV-associated musculoskeletal disorders are sometimes the initial presentation of the viral illness. Knowledge of the existence and the characteristic appearance of the conditions affecting bone, joint, and muscle in HIV-infected patients is valuable to radiologists for diagnosis and to clinicians for detection and appropriate treatment. We reviewed recent literature to provide a comprehensive assessment of the HIV-associated musculoskeletal disorders, and present radiologic examples from our own collection. This article is divided into two parts. In the first part we review the infectious musculoskeletal disorders associated with HIV illness and AIDS, including cellulitis, abscesses, pyomyositis, septic bursitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and bacillary angiomatosis. We also present a comprehensive spectrum of mycobacterial infections, consisting of tuberculous spondylitis and spondylodiskitis, arthritis, osteomyelitis, and tenosynovitis, as well as infections caused by atypical mycobacteria. Part II of this review will concentrate on non-infectious musculoskeletal conditions, including rheumatic disorders and neoplasms.
Zonal Supply Curve Estimation in Transmission-Constrained Electricity Markets

Electricity system operations are often affected by energy policies, but spatial differences in policy impacts are difficult to model. We develop a method for estimating zonal supply curves in transmission-constrained electricity markets that can be implemented quickly by policy analysts with training in statistical methods (not necessarily engineering) and with publicly-available data. Our nonlinear statistical model uses fuel prices and zonal electric loads to determine piecewise supply curves, each segment of which represents the influence of a particular fuel type on the zonal electricity price. Our problem thus requires the simultaneous estimation of the slope of each supply-curve segment, as well as the thresholds defining the endpoints of each segment. We illustrate our methodology by estimating zonal supply curves for the utility zones in the PJM electricity grid. We use our supply curves to estimate regional impacts of a policy initiative in the state of Pennsylvania that requires utilities to reduce annual and peak electric load. For most utilities in Pennsylvania, it would reduce the influence of natural gas on electricity price formation and increase the influence of coal. We also find that the policy reduces electricity prices in most other regions, although the impacts are not uniform across regions.
Stochastic multi-objective auto-optimization for resource allocation decision-making in fixed-input health systems

The management of hospitals within fixed-input health systems such as the U.S. Military Health System (MHS) can be challenging due to the large number of hospitals, as well as the uncertainty in input resources and achievable outputs. This paper introduces a stochastic multi-objective auto-optimization model (SMAOM) for resource allocation decision-making in fixed-input health systems. The model can automatically identify where to re-allocate system input resources at the hospital level in order to optimize overall system performance, while considering uncertainty in the model parameters. The model is applied to 128 hospitals in the three services (Air Force, Army, and Navy) in the MHS using hospital-level data from 2009 – 2013. The results are compared to the traditional input-oriented variable returns-to-scale Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. The application of SMAOM to the MHS increases the expected system-wide technical efficiency by 18 % over the DEA model while also accounting for uncertainty of health system inputs and outputs. The developed method is useful for decision-makers in the Defense Health Agency (DHA), who have a strategic level objective of integrating clinical and business processes through better sharing of resources across the MHS and through system-wide standardization across the services. It is also less sensitive to data outliers or sampling errors than traditional DEA methods.
Clinical Significance of Anti‐Ata

Ata is a high-frequency red blood cell (RBC) antigen. Anti-At(a) has been reported in rare At(a-) black subjects. We report two cases of anti-At(a). A clinically significant anti-At(a) was found in a 26-year-old black woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient had a transfusion reaction with chills and nausea during a RBC survival study, and 95% of the radiolabeled At(a+) RBCs were destroyed within 3 h. A concurrently performed monocyte monolayer assay was strongly reactive. Anti-At(a) thus can cause rapid hemolysis of transfused RBCs, but At(a-) donor units are extremely scarce in rare donor registries. A second patient at our hospital had anti-At(a) which did not affect her newborn. She also had autoimmune disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Development and Score-Validation of the Research Anxiety Rating Scale

Most graduate students enrolled in programs within colleges of education are required to complete one or more research methodology courses as a necessary part of their degrees. Unfortunately, it appears that these courses are exceedingly difficult for many students, who typically experience underachievement. Many students experience high levels of anxiety in these classes. Onwuegbuzie (1997) theorized that the anxiety experienced in research methodology classes, termed research anxiety, represents a multidimensional phenomenon. Based on this conceptualization, the Research Anxiety Rating Scale (RARS) was developed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to describe the development of the RARS, as well as to delineate the psychometric properties of this scale. The RARS was administered to a sample of 262 graduate students (Study 2). Evidence of construct-related validity of the RARS was provided via an exploratory factor analysis, using a varimax rotation, in which seven specific factors were identified, explaining 57.1% of the variance in RARS scores. These seven factors were (a) fear of libraries, (b) fear of writing, (c) fear of statistics, (d) fear of conducting research, (e) fear of research language, (f) fear of research courses, and (g) perceived utility and competence. Evidence of criterion-related validity (i.e., concurrent validity) was established via statistically significant correlations between scores on the RARS and scores on the Statistical Anxiety Rating Scale (STARS), the Library anxiety Scale (LAS), and the Writing Apprehension Test (WAT). No gender differences were found with respect to the RARS total scale or subscales. The implications are discussed.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzaldehyde to Nitrobenzyl Alcohol with Unsupported Au Nanorod Catalysts in Water

We report the chemoselective hydrogenation of 4-nitrobenaldehyde to 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol using the unsupported Au spherical nanoparticle and nanorod catalysts at 80 °C in water. A ∼100% selectivity for the 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol product was obtained when the hydrogenation reaction was catalyzed by the unsupported gold catalysts. The Au nanorod catalysts exhibited an aspect-ratio dependent reactivity and generally performed much better than the Au spherical nanoparticle catalyst. The Au nanorod catalysts showed excellent recyclability in the chemoselective hydrogenation (>99% conversion and 100% selectivity after 5 cycles).
Stormwater Non-Potable Beneficial Uses: Modeling Groundwater Recharge at a Stormwater Drywell Installation

The harvesting of urban stormwater to supply non-potable water demands is emerging as a viable option, amongst others, as a means to augment increasingly stressed urban water supply systems. A main objective of this Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF)/EPA funded project is to show how currently available models and other tools can be interactively used to calculate the benefits of stormwater beneficial uses. For the past several years, the city of Millburn has required cisterns to accommodate the flow from newly developed areas. Currently, these are infiltration cisterns for groundwater recharge, but water storage cisterns for irrigation is becoming increasingly of interest. In this stage of the project, this paper presents land use characteristics and soil parameters to fit an appropriate model to the infiltration data which are important inputs for the WinSLAMM model. The Horton and Green-Ampt infiltration equations are two widely used methods to describe infiltration capacities at small stormwater infiltration controls. In this paper, the Horton and the Green-Ampt parameters were determined for actual events at dry well recharge sites in Millburn, NJ. The results indicated that the Horton equation better fits the actual data, however, the fitted equation parameters did not always compare well to prior published parameters from the literature. Other elements of this WERF/EPA supported project include a broad review of US and international regulations pertaining to stormwater beneficial uses, many case study summaries, and descriptions of likely stormwater sources having acceptable quality that would minimize any adverse effects. Later project activities will involve extensive modeling of stormwater beneficial use opportunities at many US locations, including the development of production functions that can enable local water managers to make top-level evaluations of this water source.
Tracking control of non-minimum phase systems using filtered basis functions: A nurbs-based approach

This paper proposes an approach for minimizing tracking errors in systems with non-minimum phase (NMP) zeros by using filtered basis functions. The output of the tracking controller is represented as a linear combination of basis functions having unknown coefficients. The basis functions are forward filtered using the dynamics of the NMP system and their coefficients selected to minimize the errors in tracking a given trajectory. The control designer is free to choose any suitable set of basis functions but, in this paper, a set of basis functions derived from the widely-used non uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve is employed. Analyses and illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to popular approximate model inversion methods like zero phase error tracking control.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Eddy Current Rail Inspection Using AC Bridge Techniques

AC bridge techniques commonly used for precision impedance measurements have been adapted to develop an eddy current sensor for rail defect detection. By using two detection coils instead of just one as in a conventional sensor, we can balance out the large baseline signals corresponding to a normal rail. We have significantly enhanced the detection sensitivity of the eddy current method by detecting and demodulating the differential signal of the two coils induced by rail defects, using a digital lock-in amplifier algorithm. We have also explored compensating for the lift-off effect of the eddy current sensor due to vibrations by using the summing signal of the detection coils to measure the lift-off distance. The dominant component of the summing signal is a constant resulting from direct coupling from the excitation coil, which can be experimentally determined. The remainder of the summing signal, which decreases as the lift-off distance increases, is induced by the secondary eddy current. This dependence on the lift-off distance is used to calibrate the differential signal, allowing for a more accurate characterization of the defects. Simulated experiments on a sample rail have been performed using a computer controlled X-Y moving table with the X-axis mimicking the train’s motion and the Y-axis mimicking the train’s vibrational bumping. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new detection method.
Integration and utilization electronic journal resources in university library

This paper gives a brief account of three forms of electronic journals and the features of each form,proposes that university libraries should use the effective channel of network of libraries to do a good job in the integration and navigation of the e-journal resources,and further strengthen the work of the exploitation and utilization of e-journal resources so as to meet the needs of broad teachers and students.
Electroencephalographic brain frequency in athletes differs during visualization of a state of rest versus a state of exercise performance: a pilot study

Objective: Psychomotor imagery has been widely used to improve motor performance and motor learning. Recent research suggests that during visualization, changes occur in neurophysiological networks that make physical practice more effective in configuring functional networks for skillful behaviors. The aim of our pilot study was to determine if there was change and to what extent there was differentiation in modulation in electroencephalography (EEG) frequencies between visualizing a state of rest and a state of exercise performance and to identify the preponderant frequency. Design: Quasi-experimental design uncontrolled before and after study. Methods: EEG brain wave activity was recorded from 0-40 Hz from nine cerebral cortical scalp regions F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, C4, P3, POz, and P4 with a wireless telemetric EEG system. The subjects, while sitting on a chair with eyes closed, were asked to visualize themselves in a state of routine rest/relaxation and after a period of time in a state of their routine exercise performance. Results: The gamma frequency, 31-40 Hz, () was the predominant wave band in differentiation between visualizing a state of rest versus visualizing a state of exercise performance. Conclusions: We suggest these preliminarily findings show the EEG electrocortical activity for athletes is differentially modulated during visualization of exercise performance in comparison to rest with a predominant wave band frequency observed during the state of exercise. Further controlled experimental studies will be performed to elaborate these observations and delineate the significance to optimization of psychomotor exercise performance.
Adverse Reproductive and Developmental Health Outcomes Following Prenatal Exposure to a Hydraulic Fracturing Chemical Mixture in Female C57Bl/6 Mice

Unconventional oil and gas operations using hydraulic fracturing can contaminate surface and groundwater with endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We have previously shown that 23 of 24 commonly used hydraulic fracturing chemicals can activate or inhibit the estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, progesterone, and/or thyroid receptors in a human endometrial cancer cell reporter gene assay and that mixtures can behave synergistically, additively, or antagonistically on these receptors. In the current study, pregnant female C57Bl/6 dams were exposed to a mixture of 23 commonly used unconventional oil and gas chemicals at approximately 3, 30, 300, and 3000 μg/kg·d, flutamide at 50 mg/kg·d, or a 0.2% ethanol control vehicle via their drinking water from gestational day 11 through birth. This prenatal exposure to oil and gas operation chemicals suppressed pituitary hormone concentrations across experimental groups (prolactin, LH, FSH, and others), increased body weights, altered uterine and ovary weights, increased heart weights and collagen deposition, disrupted folliculogenesis, and other adverse health effects. This work suggests potential adverse developmental and reproductive health outcomes in humans and animals exposed to these oil and gas operation chemicals, with adverse outcomes observed even in the lowest dose group tested, equivalent to concentrations reported in drinking water sources. These endpoints suggest potential impacts on fertility, as previously observed in the male siblings, which require careful assessment in future studies.
Structure Matters: Effects of Semantic Relatedness and Proximity on Consumer Search and Integration Tasks

Information displays should be clear and easily understood. This research examined whether principles developed by Kosslyn (1989) and Carswell and Wickens (1987) for charts, graphs, and object displays could be extended, or adapted, to another type of display, the food item package. We hypothesized that a food package on which label items had been arranged according to their similarity, or semantic relatedness, would facilitate better user performance than a package on which label items had been arranged in other ways. Participants rated the semantic relatedness of 12 label items found on a common food item package. Using multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) outputs from the ratings, we created three versions of a consumer cough drop package: 1) Similarity version—label elements that received higher similarity ratings were depicted closer together than elements with lower similarity ratings, 2) Dissimilarity version—elements that received higher similarity ratings were depicted farther apart than elements with...
Breaking the Mold: Partnering with the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program to Accelerate PhD Training

Immunology is an increasingly interdisciplinary field. Here we describe a new model for interinstitutional graduate training as partnerships between complementary laboratories. This collaborative model reduces time to graduation without compromising productivity or alumni outcomes. We offer our experience with one such program and thoughts on the ingredients for their success. Despite tremendous recent advances in technology, communications, and the translation of basic scientific discoveries into new diagnostics and therapies for human diseases, graduate training in immunology and other areas of biomedical research in the United States has remained remarkably unchanged since the early 20th century, with coursework and laboratory rotations taking up much of the first 2 years, and a single mentor shepherding the student through a research project over 3 or more subsequent years. The time to graduation still averages more than 6 years in the biomedical sciences field (http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2016/nsf16300/), with uncertain benefit of this extended time to research productivity and career advancement.
Survival of Escherichia coli in Food at Hot-Holding Temperatures

Foods usually served hot were held at various hot-holding temperatures [40°C (104°F) - 60°C (140°F] and were contaminated with fecal Escherichia coli . The contaminated hot foods were held for 1 h at each of the hot-holding temperatures during which the survival of the pathogen in each food type was evaluated. Results showed that E. coli survived hot-holding temperatures in each food type for the whole period of evaluation. A population increase occurred with time at temperatures below 50°C (122°F), while at and above this temperature there was a decrease in population with increasing time in each food type. A two-way analysis of variance using relative rates of increase or decrease (± b) showed food type to be unimportant for survival of the bacteria. A three-way analysis of variance of the same results using mean log CFU/g food showed holding temperature, food type, holding time, and the interactions of temperature and food type; and temperature and time to be significantly important for survival of the bacteria. The public health significance of these findings are discussed.
An Embodied Approach to Understanding: Making Sense of the World Through Simulated Bodily Activity.

Even though understanding is a very widely used concept, both colloquially and in scholarly work, its definition is nebulous and it is not well-studied as a psychological construct, compared to other psychological constructs like learning and memory. It is hard to study understanding based on third-person behavioral data or neural data alone. Understanding refers to a first-person experience of making sense of an event or conceptual domain, and therefore requires incorporation of multiple levels of study, at the first-person (phenomenological), behavioral, and neural levels. Previously, psychological understanding was defined as a form of conscious knowing. Alternatively, biofunctional approach not only refers to conscious knowing but also extends to unconscious, implicit, automatic, and intuitive aspects of cognition. Here, to bridge these two approaches an embodied and evolutionary perspective is provided to situate biofunctional understanding in theories of embodiment, and to discuss how simulation theories of cognition, which regard simulation of sensorimotor and affective states as a central tenet of cognition, can bridge the gap between biofunctional and psychological understanding.
Cox-nnet: an artificial neural network Cox regression for prognosis prediction

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are computing architectures with massively parallel interconnections of simple neurons and has been applied to biomedical fields such as imaging analysis and diagnosis. We have developed a new ANN framework called Cox-nnet to predict patient prognosis from high throughput transcriptomics data. In over 10 TCGA RNA-Seq data sets, Cox-nnet achieves a statistically significant increase in predictive accuracy, compared to the other three methods including Cox-proportional hazards (Cox-PH), Random Forests Survival and CoxBoost. Cox-nnet also offers richer biological information, from both pathway and gene levels. The outputs from the hidden layer node can be utilized as a new approach for survival-sensitive dimension reduction. In summary, we have developed a new method for more accurate and efficient prognosis prediction, with functional biological insights. The source code is freely available at https://github.com/lanagarmire/cox-nnet.
Predicting outcomes of restored Everglades high flow: A model system for scientifically managed floodplains

Restoration of higher flows through the Everglades is intended to reestablish sheetflow to rebuild a well-functioning ridge and slough landscape that supports a productive and diverse ecosystem. Our objective of the study was to use hydrologic simulations and biophysical analysis to predict restoration outcomes for five major subbasins of the Everglades. Five different scenarios of restoration were examined, and for each we predicted an outcome based on metrics describing the present-day condition of the landscape and additional metrics determined by modeling the hydrologic changes accompanying restoration. Restoration scenarios spanned from a baseline case with average annual flows of about 52% of the predrainage flow to the most aggressive scenario that permits 91% of the predrainage flow. Our predictions indicated that all restoration scenarios could benefit the functionality of the ridge-slough ecosystem. However, the difference between any single restoration scenario and the “no restoration” baseline was far greater than was the difference between any two levels of restoration. Interestingly, our analysis suggested that the most extensive (and highest cost) restoration scenarios are not likely to improve ridge and slough function more than less extensive restoration options. However, the value of more aggressive restoration may lie in factors not considered directly in our analysis. For example, an important reason to implement the more aggressive restoration scenarios could be additional flexibility that permitting greater flow allows for adaptively managing the ecosystem while also serving water needs for southeastern Florida in what could be a drier Everglades in the coming decades.