cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Equality Claims and Population Control

Critical Race Theory generally and intersectionality theory in particular have provided scholars and activists with clear accounts of how the legal approaches to oppression that have been taken up through the anti-discrimination principle have failed to sufficiently change conditions for those facing the most violent manifestations of settler colonialism, heteropatriarchy, white supremacy, ableism, and xenophobia. These interventions have exposed how the discrimination principle's reliance on individual harm, intentionality, and universalized categories of identity has made it ineffective at eradicating these forms of harm and violence and has obscured the actual operations of systems of meaning and control that produce maldistribution and targeted violence. This paper follows this line of thinking an additional step to focus on the racialized-gendered distribution schemes that operate at the population level through programs that declare themselves race and gender neutral but are founded in the production and maintenance of race and gender categories as vectors for distributing life chances. In the context of intensifying criminal and immigration enforcement and wealth disparity, it is essential to turn our attention to what Foucault called "state racism"--the operation of population-level programs that target some for increased security and life chances while marking others for insecurity and premature death. This paper looks at how social movements resisting intersectional state violence are formulating demands (like prison abolition and an end to immigration enforcement) that exceed the narrow confines of the discrimination principle and take administrative systems as adversaries in ways that pull the nation-state form itself into crisis.
BCG Vaccine and Isoniazid Prophylaxis

To the Editor.— The 1982 edition of the Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases (Red Book) contains the specific statement that "BCG vaccine should not be given during INH administration because INH inhibits the multiplication of BCG organisms." This statement is apparently made in reference to the study by Narain et al1 (P. A. Brunnell, personal communication, Jan 19, 1983). It is estimated that isoniazid (INH) kills 90% of the bacilli in bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccines. However, the clinical implication of this observation is controversial.
Staffing the Front Lines of the Culture War: Constituency Religious Effects on Assignment to the Senate Judiciary Committee

Previous research has debated the presence of a culture war in American politics and the relationship to party polarization, but it has largely missed the connections between the public and institutional actors. I analyze a conspicuous context for the institutional manifestation of culture war politics, the Senate Judiciary Committee. I hypothesize a conditional constituency connection between conservative Christians and committee membership. I find consistent evidence that the percentage of conservative Christian constituents, when interacted with party, affects Judiciary Committee assignment, especially since 1980. This effect remains in the presence of institutional, constituent, and personal controls. These findings lend support for the particularized effects of culture war politics and shed insight into the dynamics of partisan polarization.
Dysfunctional culture, dysfunctional organization: Capturing the behavioral norms that form organizational culture and drive performance

Purpose – This paper aims to describe how organizational culture is manifested in behavioral norms and expectations, focusing on 12 sets of behavioral norms associated with constructive, passive/defensive, and aggressive/defensive cultural styles.Design/methodology/approach – The organizational culture inventory, a normed and validated instrument designed to measure organizational culture in terms of behavioral norms and expectations, was used to test hypotheses regarding the impact of culture. Data are summarized from 60,900 respondents affiliated with various organizations that have used the instrument to assess their cultures. Also presented is a brief overview of a practitioner‐led assessment of four state government departments.Findings – The results of correlational analyses illustrate the positive impact of constructive cultural styles, and the negative impact of dysfunctional defensive styles, on both the individual‐ and organizational‐level performance drivers. The results clearly link the dysfun...
Machine Learning and Ecosystem Informatics: Challenges and Opportunities

Ecosystem Informatics is the study of computational methods for advancing the ecosystem sciences and environmental policy. This talk will discuss the ways in which machine learning--in combination with novel sensors--can help transform the ecosystem sciences from small-scale hypothesis-driven science to global-scale data-driven science. Example challenge problems include optimal sensor placement, modeling errors and biases in data collection, automated recognition of species from acoustic and image data, automated data cleaning, fitting models to data (species distribution models and dynamical system models), and robust optimization of environmental policies. The talk will also discuss the recent development of The Evidence Tree Methodology for complex machine learning applications.
Involvement of subcortical and cortical afferents to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala in fear conditioning measured with fear- potentiated startle in rats trained concurrently with auditory and visual conditioned stimuli

The goal of this work was to test the involvement, in fear conditioning, of afferents to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala originating from the auditory thalamus, auditory cortex, and perirhinal area. The acoustic startle reflex was used as the behavioral index of conditioning because it is reliably enhanced in the presence of a conditioned stimulus (CS) previously paired with a footshock. Auditory and visual CSs were used to assess the modality specificity of lesions to the above brain areas. Pre- or posttraining lesions of the entire auditory thalamus including the ventral, dorsal, and medial divisions of the medial geniculate body, the posterior intralaminar nucleus, and the suprageniculate nucleus, completely blocked fear-potentiated startle to the auditory CS, but had no effect on fear-potentiated startle to the visual CS. Posttraining lesions mostly restricted to the ventral and dorsal divisions of the medial geniculate body specifically disrupted fear-potentiated startle to the auditory CS. However, retraining in rats sustaining ventral and dorsal medial geniculate body lesions led to reliable fear-potentiated startle to the auditory CS. Posttraining lesions mostly restricted to the medial division of the medial geniculate body, posterior intralaminar, and suprageniculate nuclei did not disrupt fear-potentiated startle. These results indicate that the auditory thalamus is specifically involved, through either its direct or indirect amygdaloid afferents, in fear conditioning to auditory CSs. Pre- or posttraining lesions mostly restricted to the primary auditory cortex did not reliably attenuate fear-potentiated startle to the auditory or visual CSs. Extensive posttraining lesions of the perirhinal area (including secondary auditory cortices), but not its rostral aspect alone, blocked fear-potentiated startle to both CSs. However, reliable potentiated startle was observed to both CSs following similarly extensive pretraining lesions of the perirhinal area. Because post- but not pretraining lesions of the perirhinal area blocked fear-potentiated startle nonspecifically, at least with regard to auditory and visual CSs, the results are consistent with the involvement of the perirhinal area in general memory functions such as information storage or retrieval. Alternatively, the secondary auditory and/or perirhinal cortices might function as multimodal sensory relays to the amygdala.
Nonuniqueness and Turbulence

The possibility is considered that turbulence is described by differential equations for which uniqueness fails maximally, at least in some limit. The inviscid Burgers equation, in the context of Onsager's suggestion that turbulence should be described by a negative absolute temperature, is such a limit. In this picture, the onset of turbulence coincides with the proliferation of singularities which characterizes the failure of uniqueness.
Drug Concentration Errors Related to Sampling from Silastic Catheters

To the Editor: Constant infusion of some antitumor agents appears to improve their efficacy and/or diminish adverse effects associated with their administration. Silastic catheters placed for long-term central access facilitate this type of therapy. Also, they provide a means to obtain blood with minimal trauma for the patient. During treatment it is sometimes useful to withdraw samples for assay of drug blood levels. When doing so, we became concerned about unusually high 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) values in several patients, causing us to measure drug concentration in samples taken simultaneously from the catheter and a peripheral vein. Catheter samples showed seven to 80 times greater concentration of 5-FU. In one individual who had been off infusion for three days, a small 5-FU concentration persisted in the catheter sample whereas the peripheral vein value was zero as expected. Subsequently, we performed an in vitro study. A Broviac catheter (volume, 0.6 mL) was perfused for five days at 2.0 mL per hour w...
Statistische Analyse- und Auswertungsprogramme

Die Verwendung von Statistiksoftware ist eine conditio sine qua non, wenn es darum geht, statistische Verfahren auf reale Problemstellungen anzuwenden. Ebenso vielfaltig und heterogen wie die Einsatzgebiete ist auch das Angebot an Statistikpaketen. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es deshalb, einen Uberblick uber das vorhandene Produktspektrum und die fur die Beurteilung der Programme relevanten Kriterien zu gewahren. Zu diesem Zweck wird, nach einigen einfuhrenden Bemerkungen zur zeitlichen Entwicklung der rechnergestutzten Statistik, zunachst beschrieben, welche Produkteigenschaften masgeblichen Einfluss auf die Qualitat von Statistiksoftware ausuben. Daran schliest sich der Versuch einer Systematisierung des derzeitigen Marktangebotes an. Hinweise auf weiterfuhrende Informationsquellen sowie Ausfuhrungen zu dem relativ jungen und innovativen Ansatz des Data Mining einschlieslich entsprechender Software Tools runden den Beitrag ab.
Frontier: A Fast Placement System for FPGAs

In this paper we describe Frontier, an FPGA placement system that uses design macro-blocks in conjuction with a series of placement algorithms to achieve highly-routable and high-performance layouts quickly. In the first stage of design placement, a macro-based floorplanner is used to quickly identify an initial layout based on inter-macro connectivity. Next, an FPGA routability metric, previously described in [10], is used to evaluate the quality of the initial placement. Finally, if the floorplan is determined to be unroutable, a feedback-driven placement perturbation step is employed to achieve a lower cost placement. For a collection of large reconfigurable computing benchmark circuits our placement system exhibits a 4 × speedup in combined place and route time versus commercial FPGA CAD software with improved design performance for most designs. It is shown that floorplanning, routability evaluation, and back-end optimization are all necessary to achieve efficient placement solutions.
Sex differences in factors of romantic attraction

Subjects were asked to rate various physical features, demographic characteristics, and personal qualities in terms of their degree of importance in determining choice of romantic partners in both sexual and meaningful or long-term relationships. Consistent with the sex-role stereotype, males placed relatively greater emphasis than females on the physical characteristics of their prospective romantic partners. Females more strongly emphasized the personal qualities of their prospective partners than did males. Both sexes more heavily weighed various personal qualities than physical characteristics in the context of romantic choice in a meaningful relationship.
COALITION ANALYSIS WITH FUZZY SETS

After noting several limiting features and procedural disadvantages of typical game theoretic studies of coalition formation, a new measurement procedure based on fuzzy set theory is described. A generalized Tanimoto coefficient measuring attitudinal similarity provides the fundamental basis for location and analysis of potential coalitions in a group decision‐making task. The results of a pilot study using fuzzy preference matrices and α‐level sets to determine the existence and structural evolution of coalitions over time are presented. Finally, some conjectures concerning the definition and future study of coalitions are advanced.
Cerebellar Influences on Saccade Plasticity

Inaccurate saccades adapt to become more accurate. In this experiment the role of cerebellar output to the oculomotor system in adapting saccade size was investigated. We measured saccade adaptation after temporary inactivation of saccade-related neurons in the caudal part of the fastigial nucleus which projects to the oculomotor brain stem. We located caudal fastigial nucleus neurons with single unit recording and injected 0.1% muscimol among them. Two monkeys received bilateral injections and two monkeys unilateral injections. Unilateral injections made ipsiversive saccades hypermetric (gains >1.5) and contraversive saccades hypometric (gains approximately 0.6). Bilateral injections made both leftward and rightward saccades hypermetric (gains >1.5). During unilateral inactivation neither ipsiversive nor contraversive saccade size adapted after approximately 1,000 saccades. During bilateral inactivation, adaptation was either small or very slow. Most intact monkeys completely adapt after approximately 1,000 saccades to similar dysmetrias produced by intrasaccadic target displacement. After the monkeys receiving bilateral injections made >1,000 saccades in each horizontal direction, we placed them in the dark so that the muscimol dissipated without the monkeys receiving visual feedback about its saccade gain. After the dark period, 20-degree saccades were adapted to be 12% smaller, and 4-degree saccades to be 7% smaller. We expect this difference in adaptation because during caudal fastigial nucleus inactivation, monkeys made many large overshooting saccades and few small overshooting saccades. We conclude from these results that: (1) caudal fastigial nucleus activity is important in adapting dysmetric saccades; and (2) bilateral caudal fastigial nucleus inactivation impairs the relay of adapted signals to the oculomotor system, but it does not stop all adaptation from occurring.
Puckering instability phenomena in the hemispherical cup test

THE PROBLEM investigated here is the plastic bifurcation of an initially flat circular plate held frictionlessly between a blankholder and a die and deformed by a spherically shaped punch. In view of the large deviations of the prebifurcation solution from proportional loading, a recently developed phenomenological corner theory has been employed and an appropriate bifurcation criterion has been developed. The effects of geometry and material properties on the onset of the (nonaxisymmetric) plastic instability have been investigated using a numerical solution of the resulting equations based on the finite element method.
Performance capacity of a simulated annealing bipolar composite filter (SABCF)

Simulated annealing composite filter is a finite element spatial filter. It is trivial to assume that the number of training images to be stored in the SABCF is finite. In this paper, we have investigated the performance capacities for finite element SABCFs. We have shown that performance capacity increases as the number of pixel elements increases. We have also shown that the storage capacity of a SABCF is some what higher if the filter synthesis includes the anti-target training set. In other words, because of the suppression effect on the anti-target set, the SABCF would have a larger capacity as compared with the ones without using the anti-target training set.
Biochemical genetic markers of squirrel monkeys and their use for pedigree validation.

Family data for 14 biochemical genetic markers of squirrel monkeys (genusSaimiri) were derived from 73 pedigreed progeny and both parents of each, as well as from 16 additional progeny and one parent of each. The data for each marker and the phenotypic patterns were consistent with autosomal codominant inheritance. It was concluded from the genetic marker data that the pedigree records of seven progeny were incorrect. Retrospective investigations of colony records followed by typing of animals that might possibly have been a parent enabled five of the pedigree records to be corrected. Although five of the pedigree errors were cases of mistaken paternity, the other two apparently were the consequence of infant swapping between dams shortly after birth. Because squirrel monkeys exhibit a high degree of allomaternal behavior, infant swapping between dams may occur more frequently than in many other nonhuman primate species.
Postpartum pulmonary embolus as an unusual cause of cortical blindness

A pregnant patient was delivered by cesarean section with blindness occurring in the postoperative period. Diagnostic evaluation revealed the presence of massive pulmonary embolus associated with cardiogenic shock. The differential diagnosis of blindness during pregnancy is discussed.
Synechia formation after endoscopic sinus surgery and middle turbinate medialization with and without FloSeal.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors for synechia formation after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and middle turbinate medialization with and wi...
Biodistribution, Kinetics, and Efficacy of Highly Phosphorylated and Non-phosphorylated β-Glucuronidase in the Murine Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis VII

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been shown to be effective at reducing the accumulation of undegraded substrates in lysosomal storage diseases. Most ERT studies have been performed with recombinant proteins that are mixtures of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated enzyme. Because different cell types use different receptors to take up phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated enzyme, it is difficult to determine which form of enzyme contributed to the clinical response. Here we compare the uptake, distribution, and efficacy of highly phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated β-glucuronidase (GUSB) in the MPS VII mouse. Highly phosphorylated murine GUSB was efficiently taken up by a wide range of tissues. In contrast, non-phosphorylated murine GUSB was taken up primarily by tissues of the reticuloendothelial (RE) system. Although the tissue distribution was different, the half-lives of both enzymes in any particular tissue were similar. Both preparations of enzyme were capable of preventing the accumulation of lysosomal storage in cell types they targeted. An important difference in clinical efficacy emerged in that phosphorylated GUSB was more efficient than non-phosphorylated enzyme at preventing the hearing loss associated with this disease. These data suggest that both forms of enzyme contribute to the clinical responses of ERT in MPS VII mice but that enzyme preparations containing phosphorylated GUSB are more broadly effective than non-phosphorylated enzyme.
Volatility Diagrams for the Cr-O and Cr-Cl Systems: Application to Removal of Cr2O3-Rich Passive Films on Stainless Steel

Effective diffusional surface treatments of stainless steels require that the naturally forming Cr2O3-rich passive layer be removed to “activate” or depassivate the surface. Volatility diagrams can be used to understand the possible etching reactions in the Cr-O and Cr-Cl systems and reveal five effective methods for removal of Cr2O3-based passivating films: (1) exposure to acetylene (C2H2) at 673 K (400 °C) and higher temperatures (providing sooting is avoided); (2) exposure to atomic hydrogen at 10 to 0.001 kPa (0.1 to 0.0001 bar) at 373 K to 673 K (100 °C to 400 °C); (3) exposure to wet oxygen above 573 K (300 °C), forming the volatile species CrO2(OH)2; (4) exposure to gaseous HCl at 100 kPa (1 bar) above 473 K (200 °C); and (5) oxidation of Cr2O3 to CrO3 using ozone or atomic oxygen, followed by exposure of CrO3 to gaseous H2 or HCl. The last process takes advantage of the fact that CrO3 is removed more effectively using gaseous H2 and HCl than is Cr2O3.
Scattering of Electrons by Stabnite and Galena

A study has been made of the scattering of 20-60 kv electrons, produced in a hot cathode tube, by cleavage surfaces of stibnite and galena. The patterns from stibnite consist of spots, Kikuchi lines, bands, circles and parabolas. The spots are a surface grating effect with high resolving power for both surface directions. It is concluded that the crystal has relatively large mosaic units and that collisions with atoms, involving small energy losses, cause high absorption of the primary beam as it penetrates the crystal. Inelastic collisions, producing excitation of the thermal vibrations of the crystal, are considered. They cause increased scattering at angles just larger than the Bragg reflection angles and thus give a reason for the bands. The circles are considered to arise from localizing of an electron's wave packet to the neighborhood of a single row of atoms, a process initiated by an inelastic encounter with a single atom. The measurements indicate a potential difference of about 26 volts between the row of atoms and the outside of the crystal. The parabolas, which occur also with galena, are thought to be due to the confinement of an electron to a single plane of atoms.
Order Imbalance and Intraday Price Discovery: Evidence from Chinese Stock Markets

In this paper, we study the relation between order imbalances (buyer versus seller-initiated trades measured by a buy ratio) at an early trading hour and intraday price discovery in the Chinese stock markets. We find that the volatility of order imbalances is the highest around the open. There is strong evidence that order imbalances in the early trading hours have significant predictive power to intraday price discovery. The intraday returns of the high buy-ratio quintiles are significantly higher than those of the low buy-ratio ones. The evidence indicates that the information incorporated in early trading signals the intraday price discovery, and the information around the open dominates that revealed over the rest of the trading day.
Use of indoor tanning sunlamps by US youth, ages 11-18 years, and by their parent or guardian caregivers: prevalence and correlates.

Background. Tanning parlors have become common in the United States. Artificial ultraviolet radiation exposure from this source may be harmful and may increase the risk of melanoma, particularly when done for recreational purposes during childhood and early adult years. Population-based data on the prevalence and correlates of this activity is important in the evaluation of potential public health interventions for skin cancer prevention. Study Design. In 1998, we conducted a population-based telephone survey of youth and their primary caregiver. The sample (N = 1192) was weighted to represent the population of US youth living in households with a primary caregiver. Interviewers used a standardized questionnaire to document the characteristics of the participant and their practices, attitudes, and experiences regarding ultraviolet exposures. Method of Analysis. Weighted prevalence and adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Independent factors were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression. Results. Ten percent of youth and 8% of their primary caregivers used indoor tanning sunlamps in the previous year. Thirty percent of the youth whose caregivers used indoor tanning sunlamps did so themselves as well. Independent predictors associated with indoor tanning sunlamp use were as follows: age 17 to 18 years (aPOR = 11.1; 95% CI: 5.0, 25.0); female (aPOR = 8.3; 95% CI: 3.6, 19.2); having a parent who used indoor tanning sunlamps in the previous year (aPOR = 8.7; 95% CI: 4.0, 18.9); nonuser of Sun Protection Factor 15 sunscreen at the beach or pool (aPOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.0, 3.4); and low sun sensitivity (aPOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.0, 5.3). Conclusion. A substantial minority of American youth engages in indoor tanning. However, it is particularly prevalent among older youth, girls, and youth whose parents themselves use indoor tanning sunlamps. The knowledge of these trends may help focus public health initiatives.
Statistics in spectroscopy

INTRODUCTION: WHY THIS BOOK? IMPORTANT CONCEPTS FROM PROBABILITY THEORY POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES: THE MEANING OF "STATISTICS" DEGREES OF FREEDOM INTRODUCTION TO DISTRIBUTIONS AND PROBABILITY SAMPLING THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION ALTERNATIVE WAYS TO CALCULATE STANDARD DEVIATION THE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM SYNTHESIS OF VARIANCE WHERE ARE WE AND WHERE ARE WE GOING? MORE AND DIFFERENT STATISTICS THE T-STATISTIC DISTRIBUTION OF MEANS ONE-AND TWO-TAILED TESTS PHILOSOPHICAL INTERLUDE BIASED AND UNBIASED ESTIMATORS THE VARIANCE OF VARIANCE HYPOTHESIS TESTING OF CHI-SQUARE MORE HYPOTHESIS TESTING STATISTICAL INFERENCES HOW TO COUNT AND STILL COUNTING CONTINGENCY TABLES WHAT DO YOU MEAN, RANDOM? THE F-STATISTIC PRECISION AND ACCURACY: INTRODUCTION TO ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AND STATISTICAL DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS CROSSED AND NESTED EXPERIMENTS MISCELLANEOUS CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE PITFALLS OF STATISTICS PITFALLS OF STATISTICS CONTINUED CALIBRATION IN SPECTROSCOPY CALIBRATION: LINEAR REGRESSION AS A STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE CALIBRATION: ERROR SOURCES IN CALIBRATION CALIBRATION: SELECTING THE CALIBRATION SAMPLES CALIBRATION: DEVELOPING THE CALIBRATION MODEL CALIBRATION: AUXILIARY STATISTICS FOR THE CALlBRATION MODEL THE BEGINNING
Intrathecal administration of substance P in the rat: The effect on bladder and urethral sphincteric activity

In 1931 substance P was discovered in the equine intestine and brain by von Euler and Gaddum. It was identified as a peptide in 1936 by von Euler, and later studies revealed a wide, but specific, distribution pattern throughout the central nervous system (Pernow 1983). Substance P has been identified in small sensory neurons and their terminals in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (Hokfelt et al. 1982). These substance P-like immunoreactive cells and cell fibers are present in dense concentrations in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn, notably at levels L1–L2 and L6-S1 (Sharkey et al. 1983). At the L6 and S1 level of the spinal cord level, these substance P-positive nerve fibers terminate in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus close to the preganglionic neurons that provide parasympathetic output to the pelvic viscera (Sasek et al. 1984).
Consequences of a Theory for Flowing Granular Materials

Abstract The fact that most geological materials are not simple materials leads to possible nonexistence of universal motions. Thus there are difficulties in interpreting the results of experiments. The difficulties are alleviated by detailed analysis of the boundary value problems associated with the experiments. This program is being carried out for flowing granular materials. I discuss the results obtained to date.
Intersubband collective modes of a multiwire superlattice

Abstract The intersubband plasma excitation spectrum of a multiwire superlattice with finite potential barrier height is investigated theoretically within the random phase approximation. In this we consider a semiconductor quantum-wire superlattice composed of one-dimensional wires periodically repeated in two perpendicular directions. We examine the role of tunneling associated with incomplete confinement of the electrons in regard to their collective behavior, particularly in conjunction with intersubband transitions. The weak tunneling of electrons between adjacent quantum wires is treated employing a tight-binding scheme to approximate the single-electron wavefunction. It is shown that the intersubband plasmon modes depend critically on the symmetry properties of the subband wavefunctions.
Effect of an “Overload” Concentric Training of the Quadriceps on Strength and Limb Circumference in Females:

For 37 college-aged females measurements, including body weight, standing height, thigh circumference, and isometric quadticep strength, were determined before and after an 8-wk. progressive resistive exercise program. Thigh circumference changes of the average-weight Ss were compared with those of overweight Ss. The average-weight Ss showed small increases in thigh circumference whereas the overweight Ss showed small decreases.
Taxation, ore quality selection, and the depletion of a heterogeneous deposit of a nonrenewable resource

Abstract The effect of taxation on depletion is examined when ore quality varies within a deposit and the firm's selection of the sequence of exploitation is constrained. Tax policies in this setting are less conserving of the resource than if ore quality is homogeneous and can be less conserving of the resource than in other models of ore quality selection. For example, a constant severance tax can induce faster depletion, decrease the life of the mine, reduce total recovery, and increase metal output in periods when extraction is positive.
The role of estrogen in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Multiple factors appear to contribute to the expression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). About 30 percent of cases of dementia of the Alzheimer's type can be attributed to genetic factors. These observations raise the possibility of identifying multiple interventions that may modify the disease process and, therefore, the clinical expression of the dementia. Prominent among factors that may contribute to dementia and, specifically, to dementia of the Alzheimer's type is cerebral vascular disease. Estrogen is a potent factor that not only prevents vascular disease but also improves blood flow in diseased vessels, including blood flow in regions on the brain affected by AD. Estrogen also has direct effects on neuronal function that may play an important role not only in the preservation of neurons but in repair of neurons damaged by disease process. These effects of estrogen on the CNS suggest that the hormone may be effective not only in the prevention of dementia but also in its treatment. The results of clinical trials, reviewed in this presentation, are very promising but are limited by the paucity of subjects and often the lack of adequate controls. Larger, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to definitively establish the efficacy of estrogen in the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
Emerging Therapies for Allergic Diseases

Allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, affect millions of adults and children. These diseases are responsible for lost days from school and work, decreased quality of life, and the spending of billions of dollars on hospitalizations and visits to emergency rooms and doctors’ offices. This issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America focuses on emerging therapies for these allergic diseases. Many candidates that are in clinical trials or under experimental therapeutic consideration could replace the standard treatment with corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antileukotrienes. This issue is divided into two sections: therapies that are in clinical trials and therapies that are more experimental. The first 10 articles deal with therapies that are in clinical trials, and the last two articles are on emergent therapies. Drs. Jaine Brownell and Thomas Casale describe the use of anti-IgE therapy for asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies in adults and adolescents. They focus on the biology of IgE and the two therapies that have been studied in clinical trials: omalizumab, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and TMX 901, which proved to be efficacious in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with a history of peanut allergy. Omalizumab has been studied extensively in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis and is available in the United States. Drs. Peter S. Creticos, Yi-Shing Chen, and John Schroeder describe a novel allergen vaccine with immunostimulatory DNA coupled to a ragweed allergen for Immunol Allergy Clin N Am
Modeling and optimal control of insect pest populations

Abstract A distributed-parameter population dynamics model is developed specifically for use with variational optimization techniques. The objective is to develop a modeling/ optimization technique that will permit the development of optimal control policies which minimize combined costs of pest control and economic-yield loss. The model results and optimal control policies are continuous and distributed in time and in insect age. The technique is applied to a study of control by pesticide of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (Linnaeus), a major pest of soybeans in the South. In this case study, the model results agree well with field-survey results, while the optimal control trajectories are reasonable and suggest several avenues for further study.
Vermetid gastropods reduce foraging by herbivorous fishes on algae on coral reefs

Vermetid gastropods have the potential to reduce foraging by herbivorous fishes on algae on coral reefs because they produce mucous nets that cover the surfaces of coral skeletons, potentially inhibiting foraging by fishes. We assessed this possibility using both observational and experimental approaches in Moorea, French Polynesia. Foraging rates of herbivorous fishes (total number of bites by all species per minute) were recorded in plots that varied naturally in the cover of vermetid mucous nets. This study, done at six sites, revealed that foraging on algal turf declined with increasing cover of vermetid mucous nets, ranging from ~2 to 22 bites m−2 min−1 at 0 % coverage to 0–5 bites m−2 min−1 at 100 % coverage. The magnitude of this effect of vermetid nets varied among microhabitats (high, mid, and low bommies) and sites, presumably due to variation in the intensity of herbivory. Experimental removal of vermetid mucous nets from plots more than doubled the foraging intensity on turf algae relative to when vermetid nets were present at high (≥70 %) cover. Our results indicate that algal turf on coral reefs may benefit from associational refuge from grazing provided by vermetid gastropods, which might in turn harm corals via increased competition with algal turf.
Application of a portable minicomputer system in a research/student laboratory environment

A portable minicomputer system (PDP 11/03) including floppy disk drives, lineprinter, graphics plotter, A/D, parallel and serial interfaces, even-timing circuitry, and user-designed data base software, is the focus of this paper. The system is located in a laboratory used for both undergraduate instructional purposes and graduate level research. A variety of experimental applications of this system will be discussed, although special attention will be paid to our steady state engine testing faciltiy. In this experiment the data acquisition system monitors a large number of engine operating conditions as well as a bank of seven exhaust gas analyzers. The operator views a CRT screen displaying all engine parameters, exhaust composition, and warning diagnostics.Briefly stated, over two years experience with this system has had three main effects upon this department: (1) exposing undergraduate mechanical engineering students to modern computer-aided experimental techniques, (2) increasing the quality and quantity of data taken, and (3) providing the experimentalist with convenient access to the data.
The New Humanism, Christianity, and the Problem of Modern Man

is King, having driven out Zeus."' Babbitt used the statement to identify the character of a post-religious age that had lost the sense of absolute truth derived from a supernatural source and had allowed intellectual confusion and moral relativism to fill the vacuum. This for Babbitt was the problem of modern man, and he was convinced that it could not be solved without a return to "first principles." His friend and colleague in the "New Humanist"2 movement, Paul Elmer More, endorsed that prescription. Both outlined a conservative philosophy that was anti-romantic and anti-naturalistic and pointed to a revived classical humanism. The New Humanism, however, was never uniform in the ideas of its proponents, and the challenge for spiritual recovery raised important questions about the means to desired ends. Particularly troublesome for Babbitt and More was the question of religion. Could a "positive and critical humanism," as Babbitt believed, supply in the twentieth century the discipline and standards for Western civilization that Christianity had sought earlier to give, or, as More came later to believe, could the needed regeneration come only from the force of religious dogma and revealed truth? Babbitt was born in Dayton, Ohio, in 1865, attended Harvard University through his master's degree, and returned later to teach the Romance languages. Babbitt was the major spokesman for the Humanist school and from his first work
Rock 14318: A polymict lunar breccia with chondritic texture

Rock 14318 is a complex microbreccia consisting of lithic fragments, chondrules, glass spherules, and glass and mineral fragments that are embedded into a fine-grained, partly glassy matrix. Compositions of lithic fragments, glasses and chondrules, in terms of compositional rock and rock suite equivalents, represent members of the ANT (anorthositic-noritic-troctolite) suite; the alkalic high-alumina basalt (KREEP) group; high-alkali quartz basalt; basalt; and dunite. The polymict nature of many lithic fragments suggests that rock 14318 requires at least two, and probably more, impact episodes for its formation. Final agglomeration took place while part of the material was hot, as is indicated by the welded texture, suggesting that the final impact event was a large one, producing a fiery cloud similar to a nuee ardente. The close similarity in texture of lunar rock 14318 to certain polymict-brecciated meteorites such as Siena suggests that meteorites of this type were also formed by complex and successive impact events on the surface of the meteorite parent body, rather than during agglomeration of the parent body.
The spectrophotometric determination of cerium in fluoride salts

Abstract Cerium III in fluoride salt mixtures can be determined by measurement of its ultraviolet absorption peak at 253 mμ in 3 M HCl. Over the range of 0 to 0.4 mg of Ce per millilitre, Beer's law is obeyed. The interfering ions, Fe III , Cr VI , and U VI , are removed by extraction from a 7 M HCl solution into a cyclo-hexane solution of tri- n -octylphosphine oxide. The method is rapid and precise and avoids difficulties which are encountered because of the instability of solutions which contain Ce IV .
Use of Eye Lens Protein for Estimating Age of Microtus pennsylvanicus

La methode presentee est la plus precise et la mieux adaptee pour l'etude des classes d'âge au sein des populations
Overcoming potential negative consequences of customer orientation in higher education: closing the ideological gap

Substantial discussion has been going on surrounding the potential negative consequences of a customer orientation in college education. A major concern stems from the ideological gap – the perceived differentiation between what the students want and the educators' view of what is in the best interests of the students. A key aspect of the ideological gap pertains to students' short-term wants (pleasure) versus educators' long-term-oriented interests (learning). Inspired by the societal marketing concept, we examine the possibility of closing this gap by means of a desirable educational model that aligns the interests of students and educators. Empirically, an open-ended survey explores student perceptions of a desirable educational model in the context of the marketing discipline. Then, two quantitative surveys show that students prefer desirable over pleasing and salutary models, and that academic motivation moderates their preference.
All-Dielectric Photonic-Assisted Wireless Receiver

We describe a new configuration of an all- dielectric wireless receiver with 15 dB better sensitivity over prior designs. The complete lack of metal and electronics in the front-end offers immunity against damage from intense electromagnetic radiation.
Frames and bases of Lie incidence geometries

For a rank two incidence system\((\mathcal{P}, \mathcal{L})\) and a projective embedding\(e:(\mathcal{P}, \mathcal{L}) \to \mathbb{P}\mathbb{G}(V)\) the concepts ofe- indepedence of a point set and a basis of\((\mathcal{P}, \mathcal{L})\) are defined. It is then demonstrated that for a Lie incidence geometry\((\mathcal{P}, \mathcal{L})\) of type Bn,n and Cn,1 over a field of characteristic not two, An,k,Dn,1,Dn,n,E6,1 or E7,1,\(Aut(\mathcal{P}, \mathcal{L})\) is transitive on certain classes of subsets called frames. As a consequence we obtain a characterization of the apartments of these geometries and demonstrate that the frames are bases.
Microstructure studies in Nd2(Fe0.9Co0.1)14B thin films

Abstract Large coercive fields (above 10 kOe) have been produced in thin sputtered films of Nd(FeCo)B. The films were either deposited at room temperature and heat treated or deposited onto high-temperature substrates (to about 730 °C). Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the microstructure and magnetic domain structure of the films. Correlations were observed between sputtering and growth parameters, microstructure and magnetic properties.
Management and treatment of staphylococcal mastitis

This article deals with two kinds of staphylococci that cause mastitis: Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. The source of infection, the ease of laboratory identification, and the practices used to manage clinical and subclinical mastitis for these two staphylococcal categories makes this a convenient separation.
High-power flip-chip bonded photodiode with 110 GHz bandwidth

We report 110 GHz flip-chip-bonded modified uni-traveling-carrier (MUTC) photodiodes with RF output power as high as 9.6 dBm at 100 GHz frequency.
Response to Importance of Pressure Pulse Amplification in the Association of Resting Heart Rate and Arterial Stiffness

In our analysis, demonstrating an independent and inverse association between resting heart rate and arterial distensibility in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study, distensibility was measured using the noninvasive imaging modalities of carotid ultrasound and cardiac MRI.1 On the basis of these measurements, we calculated carotid and aortic distensibility using well-known equations that incorporate pulse pressure as measured from the routine resting brachial artery blood pressure. Avolio et al2 point out that this peripheral measurement of pulse pressure may be an overestimate …
Flow control scheduling

Abstract We address a problem associated with credit flow control (FC) schemes for buffered switches, namely, the issue of FC bandwidth and FC optimization, i.e. how many and which credits to return per packet cycle. Using simulations, we show that, under the assumption of bursty traffic with uniform or nonuniform destinations, the number of credits to be returned can be reduced to one, independent of switch size and without loss in performance. Moreover, we introduce the concepts of credit contention and credit scheduling. We analyze five credit-scheduling strategies for a range of system and traffic parameters. Our results demonstrate that with a proper credit scheduler the average packet delay is much lower than with conventional schemes.
The social and public health implications of global warming and the onslaught of alien species

Humans are engaged in an uncontrolled experiment in planetary heating. Each decade, the concentration of CO 2 , methane and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing by about 4%. All signs point toward unprecedented rates of warming and climate change. Many plant and animal species living in natural ecosystems will perish because they will be unable to keep up with shifting climatic zones. Warming exacerbates another biomedical problem – the influx of alien animals, plants and pathogens. These introduced species, many from the tropics, will not only increase the variety and incidence of tropical diseases, but will also affect the quality of the wilderness experience and hence, the popularity of outdoor recreation. Some personal actions and political prophylaxis are recommended.
Root response to Fusarium solani f. sp . glycines : temporal accumulation of transcripts in partially resistant and susceptible soybean

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is a complex of root rot disease caused by the semi-biotrophic fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (Fsg) and a leaf scorch disease caused by toxins produced by the pathogen in the roots. Development of partial rate-reducing resistance in roots to SDS was studied. The recombinant inbred line 23 (RIL23) that carried resistance conferred by six quantitative trait loci (QTL) derived from cultivars 'Essex' x 'Forrest' was compared to the susceptible cultivar Essex. Roots of RIL23 and its susceptible parent Essex were inoculated with Fsg. Transcript abundance (TA) of 191 ESTs was studied at five time points after inoculation. For most of the genes, there was an initial decrease in TA in the inoculated roots of both genotypes. By days 7 and 10 the inoculated roots of Essex failed to increase expression of the transcripts of defense-related genes. In RIL23 inoculated roots, the TA of 81 genes was increased by at least two-fold at day 3 (P=0.004), 88 genes at day 7 (P=0.0023) and 129 genes at day 10 (P=0.0026). A set of 35 genes maintained at least a two-fold higher abundance at all three time points. The increase in TA in RIL23 was in contrast to that observed in Essex where most of the ESTs showed either no change or a decreased TA. The ESTs with an increased TA had homology to the genes involved in resistance (analogs), signal transduction, plant defense, cell wall synthesis and transport of metabolites. Pathways that responded included the protein phosphorylation cascade, the phospholipase cascade and the phenolic natural products pathways, including isoflavone and cell wall synthesis.