cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential Coupling Through a Slot Backed by an Elliptical Cavity: Neumann and Dirichlet Boundary Conditions

Abstract Exact, closed-form expressions are presented for the solution to Laplace's equation everywhere in a specific cavity-backed aperture problem. A symmetrically placed slot enables the static field in a half-space above a hard or soft ground plane to penetrate into the interior of an elliptically shaped cavity. Separation-of-variables in elliptic coordinates yields a summable series, whereupon the aperture field or its normal derivative appears naturally as a series of edge-condition weighted Chebyshev polynomials in the Cartesian coordinates. Analytic coefficients explicitly display simple dependence upon the cavity and point-source geometry.
Unsettling Expectations: (Un)certainty, Settler States of Feeling, Law, and Decolonization

Guaranteeing “certainty” (for governments, business development, society, etc.) is often the goal of state land rights settlements with Indigenous peoples in Canada. Certainty is also often seen as an unequivocally desirable and positive state of affairs. This paper explores how certainty and uncertainty intersect with the challenges of decolonization in North America. I explore how settler certainty and entitlement to Indigenous land has been constructed in past colonial and current national laws, land policies, and ideologies. Then, drawing on data from fieldwork among activists against land rights, I argue that their deep anger about their uncertainty regarding land and their futures helps to reveal how certainty and entitlement underpin “settler states of feeling” (Rifkin). If one persistent characteristic of settler colonialism is settler certainty and entitlement, then decolonization, both for settlers and for jurisprudence, may therefore mean embracing uncertainty. I conclude by discussing the relationship between certainty, uncertainty, and decolonization. Garantir une « certitude » (pour les gouvernements, le developpement d’entreprises, la societe, etc.) est souvent le but des accords sur les revendications territoriales avec les peuples autochtones au Canada. La certitude est souvent percue aussi comme etant une situation, sans equivoque, desirable et positive. Cet article explore comment la certitude et l’incertitude recoupent les defis associes a la decolonisation en Amerique du Nord. J’explore comment la certitude des colons ainsi que les droits aux terres autochtones ont ete elabores au sein des lois coloniales du passe, des lois nationales courantes, des politiques foncieres, et des ideologies. Par la suite, puisant sur des donnees de terrain de militants opposes aux revendications territoriales, je soutiens que la colere profonde qu’ils eprouvent face a l’incertitude de leurs terres et de leur future revele comment les « sentiments de colons » (Rifkin) sont renforces par la certitude et les droits territoriaux. Si l’une des caracteristiques persistantes du colonialisme de peuplement est la certitude des colons ainsi que leurs droits territoriaux, alors la decolonisation pourrait donc signifier, pour les colons et la jurisprudence, que l’on accepte l’incertitude. Je termine en abordant la relation entre la certitude, l’incertitude et la decolonisation.
“Lagrangian Temperature”: Derivation and Physical Meaning for Systems Described by Kappa Distributions

The paper studies the “Lagrangian temperature” defined through the entropy maximization in the canonical ensemble, which is the negative inverse Lagrangian multiplier corresponding to the constraint of internal energy. The Lagrangian temperature is derived for systems out of thermal equilibrium described by kappa distributions such as space plasmas. The physical meaning of temperature is manifested by the equivalency of two different definitions, that is, through Maxwell’s kinetic theory and Clausius’ thermodynamics. The equivalency of the two definitions is true either for systems at thermal equilibrium described by Maxwell distributions or for systems out of thermal equilibrium described by kappa distributions, and gives the meaning of the actual temperature, that is, the real or measured temperature. However, the third definition, that of the Lagrangian temperature, coincides with the primary two definitions only at thermal equilibrium, and thus, in the general case of systems out of thermal equilibrium, it does not represent the actual temperature, but it is rather a function of this. The paper derives and examines the exact expression and physical meaning of the Lagrangian temperature, showing that it has essentially different content to what is commonly thought. This is achieved by: (i) maximizing the entropy in the continuous description of energy within the general framework of non-extensive statistical mechanics, (ii) using the concept of the “N-particle” kappa distribution, which is governed by a special kappa index that is invariant of the degrees of freedom and the number of particles, and (iii) determining the appropriate scales of length and speed involved in the phase-space microstates. Finally, the paper demonstrates the behavior of the Lagrangian against the actual temperature in various datasets of space plasmas.
Changes in steroid concentrations with the timing of corticotropin stimulation testing in participants with adrenal sufficiency.

Objective: To determine whether the time of day at which corticotropin stimulation testing is performed influences the steroid concentrations observed in persons with normal adrenal function.Method...
Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of small molecule inhibitors of the simian virus 40 T antigen oncoprotein, an anti-polyomaviral target

Abstract Polyomavirus infections are common and relatively benign in the general human population but can become pathogenic in immunosuppressed patients. Because most treatments for polyomavirus-associated diseases nonspecifically target DNA replication, existing treatments for polyomavirus infection possess undesirable side effects. However, all polyomaviruses express Large Tumor Antigen (T Ag), which is unique to this virus family and may serve as a therapeutic target. Previous screening of pyrimidinone–peptoid hybrid compounds identified MAL2-11B and a MAL2-11B tetrazole derivative as inhibitors of viral replication and T Ag ATPase activity (IC50 of ∼20–50 μM). To improve upon this scaffold and to develop a structure–activity relationship for this new class of antiviral agents, several iterative series of MAL2-11B derivatives were synthesized. The replacement of a flexible methylene chain linker with a benzyl group or, alternatively, the addition of an ortho-methyl substituent on the biphenyl side chain in MAL2-11B yielded an IC50 of ∼50 μM, which retained antiviral activity. After combining both structural motifs, a new lead compound was identified that inhibited T Ag ATPase activity with an IC50 of ∼5 μM. We suggest that the knowledge gained from the structure–activity relationship and a further refinement cycle of the MAL2-11B scaffold will provide a specific, novel therapeutic treatment option for polyomavirus infections and their associated diseases.
Why behavior change is difficult to sustain.

Abstract Unhealthy behavior is responsible for much human disease, and a common goal of contemporary preventive medicine is therefore to encourage behavior change. However, while behavior change often seems easy in the short run, it can be difficult to sustain. This article provides a selective review of research from the basic learning and behavior laboratory that provides some insight into why. The research suggests that methods used to create behavior change (including extinction, counterconditioning, punishment, reinforcement of alternative behavior, and abstinence reinforcement) tend to inhibit, rather than erase, the original behavior. Importantly, the inhibition, and thus behavior change more generally, is often specific to the “context” in which it is learned. In support of this view, the article discusses a number of lapse and relapse phenomena that occur after behavior has been changed (renewal, spontaneous recovery, reinstatement, rapid reacquisition, and resurgence). The findings suggest that changing a behavior can be an inherently unstable and unsteady process; frequent lapses should be expected. In the long run, behavior-change therapies might benefit from paying attention to the context in which behavior change occurs.
Microsporidian Parasite, Glugea Hertwigi, in American Smelt from the Great Bay Region, New Hampshire

Abstract Examination of 1,323 American smelt, Osmerus mordax (Mitchill), from the Great Bay region of New Hampshire during the period from October 1951, through April 1952 showed that 308 (23.3 percent) were infected with Glugea hertwigi. The serious pathological manifestations of the disease suggested that it is an important contributing factor to the recent decline in the smelt population of the area. Although the mode of transmission of the parasite from smelt to smelt is not known, it seems probable that it enters with the food–perhaps after prior mechanical concentration of the spores by one or more of the organisms utilized by the smelt for food. Additional study is needed on the problem of transmission.
Exploring Noise Sources Using Simultaneous Acoustic Measurements and Real-Time Flow Visualizations in Jets

Work was carried out as part of an ongoing effort to relate instantaneous large-amplitude features of the fare eld acoustic to the dynamic evolution and interaction of large-scale structures within the mixing layer of ideally expanded, high-speed, high-Reynolds-number jets. It is believed that such information is essential for a better understanding of jet noise sources and jet aeroacoustic modeling and control. The acoustic measurements were taken with a four-microphone inline array placed 30 deg to the jet axis. Conditional sampling of the data from the microphones was used to create characteristic waveforms for the large-amplitude, far-e eld sound pressure peaks. The frequency content of these phase-averaged waveforms compare very well with those of the overall acoustic far e eld at 30 deg. A vast majority of the large-amplitude sound events originated between four and nine jet exit diameters downstream of the nozzle. The acoustic measurements were taken simultaneously with real-time e ow visualizations to determine the mechanisms that were responsible for the creation of individual far-e eld acoustic peaks,and theseresultshaveidentie ed threenoise-generation mechanisms:intensecross-mixing-layerinteraction, the tearing of large turbulent structures, and the rollup of large turbulent structures. The simultaneous data also showed that large structures entrain more ambient air into the jet and the mixing layer extends farther into the jet core during intense noise production than during periods of relative quiet.
Design considerations for very long baseline fringe-tracking interferometers

Phase measurements made with the Mark III interferometer at Mt. Wilson using baselines up to 32 m show excellent agreement with the standard Kolmogorov theory, and give no evidence of an atmospheric outer scale smaller than 1 km. Thus, very long baseline interferometers (100's of m) can expect rms path length fluctuations to continue to grow nearly linearly with baseline length. With a wideband fringe tracker, atmospheric dispersion will cause significant reductions in fringe visibility for large instantaneous path length errors. A solution to this problem using an active dispersion tracker is presented. In addition, the problem of diffraction of the propagated beam, and the constraints it presents on the choice of beam diameter are discussed.
Ab initio and INDO SCF MO study of monosubstituted hydrazyl radicals

Abstract The unrestricted Hartree-Fock ab initio SCF MO method was applied to the monosubstituted hydrazyl radical XN-NH2 (X = H,CH3,HC(O),CH3C(O) or C6H5) and [XNH-NH2].+ (X = H or CH3). The optimized geometrical parameters for these radicals obtained via analytical gradient procedures are reported, and the isotropic hyperfine splitting constants calculated both directly from the ab initio wavefunctions and also corrected by employing a recently proposed spin annihilation method. In addition, the INDO method was used in conjunction with these same optimized geometrical parameters to calculate a further set of values for these isotropic hyperfine splitting constants. In general, satisfactory agreement was obtained between the corrected ab initio derived splittings, those from INDO, and experimentally measured values.
The Effect of Listening to Specific Musical Genre Selections on Measures of Heart Rate Variability

University students (N = 30) individually listened to the Billboard 100 top-ranked musical selection for their most and least liked musical genre. Two minutes of silence preceded each musical liste...
Sex differences and hormonal influences on response to cold pressor pain in humans.

Abstract Although most studies show that women have higher subjective pain ratings in response to painful stimuli, there is less consistency across studies with regard to the influence of gonadal hormones on pain responsivity. The present study evaluated sex differences in response to cold pressor pain in normally menstruating women (NMW), women maintained on oral contraceptives (OCW), and men. Testing occurred during 5 phases of the menstrual cycle. All participants completed 10 sessions (2 sessions per phase). During the cold pressor test, participants immersed the forearm into water maintained at 4°C, and pain threshold and tolerance were measured. Subjective ratings of pain, physiologic indices, and plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone were also assessed. Both estradiol and progesterone levels varied as a function of menstrual cycle phase in NMW and were significantly higher in NMW compared with OCW and men. There were no significant differences in pain threshold or tolerance for any of the groups as a function of menstrual cycle phase. There were no significant differences in pain tolerance between groups. However, pain threshold was higher in NMW compared with OCW and men. When the data were reanalyzed across consecutive sessions, a significant sex-by-day interaction was observed for both threshold and tolerance. Specifically, pain threshold and tolerance were similar for NMW, OCW, and men, but these latencies changed at different rates across session days. Pain threshold remained relatively constant for both OCW and men, but it increased across days for NMW. Pain tolerance remained stable across sessions in OCW, a slow consistent increase was observed for men, whereas a sharper increase, followed by an asymptote, was observed for NMW. These results suggest that circulating gonadal hormones might mediate adaptation to cold pressor pain. Perspective The present study supports the notion that differences in pain perception between the sexes and among menstrual cycle phases are subtle. However, normally menstruating women exhibited an increase in pain tolerance and threshold over repeated stimulation, whereas men exhibited a shallow increase in pain threshold only, suggesting a sex difference in the adaptation to painful stimuli in men and women.
3-D PIC simulations of electron flow in the vacuum power flow section of the Z accelerator

Summary form given only, as follows. The Z accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories generates current pulses rising up to ∼20 MA in ∼100 ns. Inside the insulator stack at r∼2 m, power flows inward along four conical, vacuum, magnetically-insulated transmission lines (MITL's) to the post-hole convolute at r∼10 cm. The convolute adds the current in the four feed MITL's into the inner MITL, which delivers it to the load. The convolute has magnetic field nulls, which could potentially result in large electron losses. To improve our understanding of the electron flow, we are using the 3-D, electromagnetic, PIC code QUICKSILVER. The simulations accurately model the Z vacuum section out to r∼25 cm. Even with fairly coarse zoning, we still need ∼750,000 cells for a 12-post convolute. The complex cathode structure has ∼20,000 particle-emitting cells. We handle electron motion in the wide-ranging magnetic field strength (0-200 T) with a subcycling model. The field solver uses a fixed time step, but each particle is pushed s times per field solver step, with the integer s dynamically chosen so that the particle makes at least 6 steps per orbit. We have done several series of idealized simulations using a fixed load impedance and 20 ns rise-time pulse. Locations of major electron losses are in qualitative agreement with damage to the Z hardware. We are now doing these simulations on a massively-parallel platform, typically 100 processors on Janus (ASCI Red), making more realistic, time-accurate (400,000 time steps) simulations feasible. A z-pinch load model is under development. In preliminary simulations using only electron emission from the cathode, convolute electron losses are much smaller than experiment. A likely source of the discrepancy is the effect of plasmas created at hot spots on the anode from electron deposition.
The case for implementing core descriptive embedded metadata at the Smithsonian

The long-term goal, as established by the institutional strategic plan, to digitize all collections at the Smithsonian Institution, along with the increasing need to share data and increase access to collections, has made it essential to establish institution-wide metadata standards, including those for embedding metadata. This paper documents the ongoing process of establishing core embedded metadata within the institution through the work of the Smithsonian Embedded Metadata Working Group (EmDaWG), which is pan-institutional in nature and includes museums, libraries, archives, and research institutes. The focus of the working group described within this paper is the creation of core embedded metadata fields for use in still images.
Susceptibility of two hymenopteran parasitoids of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, native to Asia, is killing ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) across 15 states and southeastern Canada. Integrated pest management using biological control is the only viable long-term approach for controlling the spread of EAB outside of host resistance. Three hymenopteran parasitoids, Spathius agrili Yang, Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang, and Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang were discovered attacking EAB in China and were approved for release in the United States in 2007. The objective of this study was to assess susceptibility of the larval parasitoid species S. agrili and T. planipennisi, relative to that of EAB, to Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus that infects and kills EAB adults when sprayed on ash bark or foliage. Adult EAB and parasitoids were exposed to B. bassiana inoculated ash twigs for 2 h and then monitored daily for death and signs of infection for up to 10 days. All EAB adults exposed to B. bassiana were fatally infected while mean survival for control EAB was 77%. Average survival in the treatment groups for T. planipennisi and S. agrili were 99% and 83%, respectively, indicating these parasitoids are relatively unaffected by exposure to B. bassiana. This research elucidates interactions between a fungal pathogen and two parasitoids of EAB, and provides data necessary to developing a successful multi-stage integrated management approach to control of EAB.
Runtime safety analysis of multithreaded programs

Foundational and scalable techniques for runtime safety analysis of multithreaded programs are explored in this paper. A technique based on vector clocks to extract the causal dependency order on state updates from a running multithreaded program is presented, together with algorithms to analyze a multithreaded computation against safety properties expressed using temporal logics. A prototype tool implementing our techniques, is also presented, together with examples where it can predict safety errors in multithreaded programs from successful executions of those programs. This tool is called Java MultiPathExplorer (JMPaX), and available for download on the web. To the best of our knowledge, JMPaX is the first tool of its kind.
Evaluation of Tug Escort Schemes Using Simulation of Drifting Tankers

The ability of tug escort vessels to save oil-laden tankers that become disabled in Prince William Sound, Alaska, is tested using a simulation of the drift path of the tankers. Tug escort schemes are intended to save tankers that have lost steering or propulsion by attaching a line and either holding the tanker from running aground until a repair can be made or towing the tanker to port. The ability of an escort tug to save disabled tankers depends on its position at the time of the accident; the location, speed, and direction of the tanker at the time of the failure; and the wind and current conditions that changed dynamically during a save attempt. To accurately test the save capability of a proposed escort scheme, a simulation of Prince William Sound is created that models dynamic changes in environmental conditions and thus the movement of the tanker.
Balancing the Phosphorus Budget of a Swine Farm: A Case Study

Trends in animal production have moved the industry toward large confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs). These CAFOs concentrate large amounts of manure-based nutrients in relatively small areas, which increases the risk of nutrient loss to the surrounding environment. In response to water quality concerns, P-based manure application regulations are becoming more common. Mr. Pritchard is the owner and operator of two 4500-head swine (Sus scrofa) farms located in an area of intensive animal production in North Carolina. He has noticed an increasing trend in the soil P concentrations in his manure application fields and realizes that he does not have enough land to apply his anaerobically treated liquid swine manure based on crop P uptake. Mr. Pritchard is now faced with the dilemma of what to do to slow down the P accumulation in his soil. This case constructs a P budget for Mr. Pritchard's farm to examine ways of balancing on-farm nutrients. Students are encouraged to explore solutions related to animal nutrition, crop production, water quality, soil chemistry, and manure management. Furthermore, students should evaluate the appropriate role of government and industry in assisting Mr. Pritchard to protect the environment while remaining a profitable swine producer.
Candidate gender quotas: A framework for analysis

Quotas for women in politics have diffused rapidly around the globe in recent years, with political parties and national legislatures in more than a hundred countries adopting - or debating the adoption of - reserved seats, party quotas or legislative quotas to increase the selection of female candidates to political office. These developments have sparked an explosion of research on candidate gender quotas. However most of this work focuses on single cases and reflects little awareness of developments in other countries around the world. As a result, the findings in one case are often contradicted in other studies, revealing few clear patterns with regard to the origins and outcomes of gender quota policies. To foster a more cumulative research agenda, this article approaches quotas as a global phenomenon and elaborates a framework for analyzing and comparing the actors, motivations and contexts at work in specific quota reforms. Quotas for women in politics have diffused rapidly around the world in recent years, with political parties and national legislatures in more than a hundred countries adopting - or debating the adoption of - quotas for the selection of female candidates. 1 These policies encompass three types of measures: reserved seats, which set aside a certain number of positions for women among elected representatives through constitutional reforms; party quotas, which aim to increase the proportion of women among a particular party's candi- dates through party reforms; and legislative quotas, which require parties to nominate a certain proportion of women among their candidates through constitutional or legal reforms. 2 The quick spread of these provisions, most of which have appeared only over the last decade, has sparked a literal explosion of research on candidate gender quotas. This growing body of work, however, focuses almost exclusively on single cases and reflects little awareness of developments in other countries around the world (for partial exceptions, see Lovenduski 2005; Dahlerup 2006.) As a result, the findings in one case are often contradicted in other studies, revealing - at least initially - no clear patterns with regard to the origins and outcomes of gender quota policies. The lack of a comparative perspective on candidate gender quotas is con- sistent with the region- and time-specific nature of most research on women in politics. While such an approach is vital for mapping gendered interactions in political life, it also leads scholars to draw quite distinct conclusions regarding
Comments on Shimony’s “An Analysis of Stapp’s ‘A Bell-Type Theorem without Hidden Variables’ ”

The hidden-variable theorems of Bell and followers depend upon an assumption, namely the hidden-variable assumption, that conflicts with the precepts of quantum philosophy. Hence from an orthodox quantum perspective those theorems entail no faster-than-light transfer of information. They merely reinforce the ban on hidden variables. The need for some sort of faster-than-light information transfer can be shown by using counterfactuals instead of hidden variables. Shimony's criticism of that argument fails to take into account the distinction between no-faster-than-light connection in one direction and that same condition in both directions. The argument can be cleanly formulated within the framework of a fixed past, open future interpretation of quantum theory, which neatly accommodates the critical assumptions that the experimenters are free to choose which experiments they will perform. The assumptions are compatible with the Tomonaga-Schwinger formulation of quantum field theory, and hence with orthodox quantum precepts, and with the relativistic requirement that no prediction pertaining to an outcome in one region can depend upon a free choice made in a region spacelike-separated from the first.
Electrooptic Polymer Ring Resonator Modulation up to 165 GHz

Modulation is demonstrated at 84, 111, 139, and 165 GHz resonances of a traveling-wave electrooptic polymer ring-resonator-based modulator. The modulation response is characterized throughout the W-band, illustrating the resonant response at 84 and 111 GHz. A traveling-wave analysis that includes the compound effect of microwave loss and optical/microwave velocity mismatch in a ring-resonator-based modulator is presented and shows a good agreement with experimental results. The ring modulator shows superior performance compared to the Mach-Zehnder modulator in the presence of these limitations when both structures have the same equivalent low-frequency Vpi
Cellulitis, by Any Other Name

“I know it when I see it . . . ,” as Justice Potter Stewart famously said of hard-core pornography. Would that this were the case with cellulitis. In principle, cellulitis is simply defined as an acute infection with inflammation of the skin involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. In practice, because of the overlapping signs and symptoms of skin infections, the terminology has become burdened with terms such as erysipelas, purulent cellulitis, nonpurulent cellulitis, nonsuppurative cellulitis, cellulitis with drainage, cellulitis with ulcer, cellulitis with abscess, abscess with surrounding cellulitis, and necrotizing cellulitis (to name a few), in an effort to parse differences in microbiology, severity, and prognosis that may impact therapy and management. At the semantic other extreme is International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision coding, which lumps cellulitis and abscess together, even though these 2 entities would appear to be easily differentiated clinically and microbiologically. Clearly, an abscess is a collection of pus often in association with pain, swelling, and inflammation. Whatever cellulitis is, it is not an abscess, as there is no collection of pus, which, if there were, the lesion would be an abscess and not cellulitis. Presence of a collection of pus affords the clinician great comfort, diagnostically and therapeutically. It is abscess defining, and culturing it permits a precise microbiological diagnosis. By far the most common cause of skin abscesses (barring unusualexposuresorinjurysuchasbrackishwaterorbites)isStaphylococcusaureus, andpusand abscessformationare its modus operandi. Treatment is quite straightforward: Drain the pus, all of it. If an antimicrobialisneeded(atopicthatiswell
A parallel simulated annealing algorithm for channel routing on a hypercube multiprocessor

The algorithm begins with an initial placement of nets in the channel using the number of tracks equal to the density of the channel. Overlapping subnets are permitted at this stage as the annealing process will gradually work to remove the overlaps. Transformations are then repeatedly applied to the channel state by moving nets around the channel in a parallel fashion. By allowing overlap situations and controlling them with appropriate cost function, the algorithm is capable of producing very good results with the advantage of decreased runtime from the parallelism. and can also be applied to extensions of the channel routing problem, such as switchbox routine with obstacle avoidance. >
Speeding up on-the-fly integration of DB and exo-DB data

Applications that perform on-the-fly integration of data inside a database (DB) with "exo-DB data " (that is, data outside a DB) are becoming common. Ease of integration and speed of performance are key considerations in such applications. To this end, we have devised a means to mix data in a traditional DB with references to fine-grained exo-DB data of arbitrary formats, and a means to use "bi-level queries " to integrate DB data and exo-DB data using existing query languages. In this paper, we present a "bulk accessor" to speed up retrieval of data from a large number of exo-DB references. The bulk accessor supports different policies a query processor can use to improve performance depending on data characteristics such as clustering. Experiments show that the bulk accessor saves 69%-90% time per query over a naive method.
Speak No Evil? Conscience and the Duty to Inform, Refer or Transfer Care

This paper argues that the type of conscience claims made in last decade’s spate of cases involving pharmacists’ objections to filling birth control prescriptions and cases such as Ms. Means and Mercy Health Partners of Michigan, and even the Affordable Care Act and the Little Sisters of the Poor, as different as they appear to be from each other, share a common element that ties them together and makes them fundamentally different in kind from traditional claims of conscience about which a practical consensus emerged in the 1980s and 1990s. This difference in kind is profoundly significant; so much so, we contend, that it puts them at odds with the normative basis for protecting conscience claims in United States health care settings in the first place, making them illegitimate. Finally, we argue that, given the illegitimacy of these contemporary claims of conscience, physicians and other health professionals must honor their well-established standing obligations to provide informed consent and refer or transfer care even if the service requested or needed is at odds with their own core moral beliefs—a requirement that is in line with the aforementioned practical consensus on traditional claims of conscience.
RepoMan: a component repository manager for enterprise distributed real-time and embedded systems

Repository managers keep track of software versions, implementations, and configuration metadata in distributed computing environment to enable the (re)deployment and (re)configuration of applications and facilitate online component upgrades. This paper provides two contributions to the study of repository managers for component-based enterprise distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems. First it describes how we overcame the design challenges associated with developing RepoMan, which is a repository manager targeted for heterogeneous enterprise DRE systems. Second, it explains how we applied RepoMan to an enterprise DRE shipboard computing system.
Toxicokinetics and oral bioavailability of halogenated acetic acids mixtures in naïve and GSTzeta-depleted rats.

Pharmacokinetics of halogenated acetic acid (HAA) mixtures in native and GSTzeta depleted rats was investigated. Rats were administered orally or i.v. to Mixture-1 (monobromo- dichloro-, chlorodibromo-, tribromo- acetic acids) or Mixture-2 (bromochloro-, dibromo-, trichloro- bromodichloro- acetic acids) at a dose of 25 ?mol/kg HAA and blood samples collected up to 36 h. GSTzeta depleted rats were also orally dosed with each mixture and euthanized at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h to determine tissue distribution. In Mixture-1, GSTzeta depletion only affected the pharmacokinetics of DCAA, which increased the elimination t? from 9 min to 1.3 h. After oral administration, DCAA exhibited a complex time-course plasma profile with secondary peaks appearing long after completion of the initial absorption phase. This phenomenon coincided with elevated DCA levels in the lower portion of the GI tract compared to CDBAA and TBAA. For Mixture-2, all di-HAAs were eliminated extremely rapidly from plasma in both na?ve and GSTzeta depleted animals (t? was 4-11 min in na?ve and 11-24 min in GSTzeta depleted rats), t? of BDCAA and TCAA was 3.5 and 12 h in na?ve and 2.3 and 7.5 h in GSTzeta depleted rats. The primary difference in the pharmacokinetics among HAAs when administeredmore » as mixture was the total body clearance (Clb) which was reduced compared to after individual administration. These results suggest competitive interactions between tri- and di-HAAs beyond what would be predicted from individual HAA studies. For di-HAAs, the total dose is important as clearance is dose dependent due to competition for GSTzeta. When considering HAAs dosimetry, importance should be placed on both the components of the mixture and prior exposure history to di-HAAs.« less
Osmoregulation in the Diamondback Terrapin, Malaclemys Terrapin Centrata

1. While in hypertonic environment diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys centrata) slowly lose water by osmosis through the integument and as urine through the kidney. 2. Small amounts of sodium are gained, probably largely as a result of diffusion through the integument rather than by drinking, and this sodium is principally excreted extrarenally. Nevertheless, the solute concentration in the blood of such turtles increases. 3. When returned to fresh water the animals rehydrate and excrete accumulated excess sodium. 4. In these ways they could undoubtedly survive for extended periods in the absence of fresh water, but it is not clear whether they could do so indefinitely.
Constructing a Vietnamese American Community: Economic and Political Transformation in Little Saigon, Orange County

My focus is to analyze how particular resources available to Vietnamese refugees at the time of their arrival, along with the structural opportunities in Orange County, intersected with the socioeconomic characteristics of the group, allowing them to establish a spatial community. Vietnamese refugees have been valorized as "model minority" refugees who have attained the "American Dream." This is analogous to the model minority myth that the creditsattributes the achievements of Asian immigrants to their cultural characteristics, which is sometimes extended to their biological attribute, of valuing education, family, and hard work. Like other ethnic groups, the Vietnamese work hard and value education and family; however, attributing their success to cultural aspects conveniently ignores larger circumstantial and structural conditions during the time of their arrival and the ongoing resistance to their presence. Arguments that emphasize the "essentialized cultural attributes" of an ethnic group to explain ...
From Undeserving Poor to Rights Holder: A Human Rights Perspective on Social Protection Systems

Over recent years, social protection strategies have rapidly gained striking political support and widespread acceptance in development discourse and practice. However, although development actors generally acknowledge that human rights should play an essential role in poverty reduction, there has been a lack of deep analysis of the implications of human rights obligations for social protection. This article attempts to bridge the two paradigms, building on the author’s existing work on social protection and human rights. Magdalena Sepulveda Carmona discusses how the persistent stigma around poverty among politicians, policy-makers and the general public has been a major obstacle to achieving the full potential of social protection to tackle poverty. She argues that the human rights approach to social protection can help to dismantle the fallacy of the “undeserving poor”, towards a model in which people living in poverty are understood as individuals with inherent dignity and entitlements to social protection. The article concludes with a case study of how this approach would inform gender-sensitive social protection programmes, for example with regard to eligibility criteria, participation and conditionalities.
Isothermal Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media

Isothermal flow in roating porous media is shown to apply for conditions when the permeability of the porous medium is not constant, hence representing heterogeneous porous media. The demonstration of the possible existence of Taylor-Proudman columns in rotating porous media follows. Examples of secondary flows in a cross section perpendicular to the main flow direction are presented for a heterogeneous porous medium in a rotating square channel.
Symbolic convolution

An implementation of convolution using a symbolic mathematics software package is described. The emphasis is on the internal data structure needed to represent signals that are defined piecewise over disjoint intervals. Then the overlap-add form of convolution is used to produce the convolution of signals that are the sum of piecewise segments. A working implementation has been completed for both discrete-time and continous-time convolution. Several examples are shown to illustrate the results and to suggest ways in which this sort of software might be useful for classroom presentations. >
EFFECT OF OBESITY ON MORTALITY IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

tional class (FC) I/II and III/IV. Results: Analysis was performed on a subset of 43 patients who had CAMPHOR scores and clinician assessed FC at two time points in 2009. Change in score components failed to significantly correlate with log odds and hazard rate of CW. However, in models of the baseline scores, we found evidence of a statistically significant relationship between log odds of CW and activities score (p 0.020). Cox regression results similarly indicate that there are significant associations between the risk of CW and baseline symptoms (HR 0.914, p 0.046) and activities (HR 1.2, p 0.001) scores. Similarly, ROC analysis finds that change in CAMPHOR score does not differentiate FC, whereas in follow up the symptoms score is most predictive of FC (Symptoms AUC 0.8; Activities AUC 0.76; Quality of Life AUC 0.74; Total AUC 0.78). Conclusions: Use of CAMPHOR in the clinical setting can be helpful for predicting probability and risk of hospitalization and death. The symptoms score can help the clinician assess patient FC.
Chromosome Number in the Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle, Scolytus multistriatus

Prepupal testicular tissues of Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) were examined. The chromosome complements of the meiotic cells have a haploid number of 6.
Early Detection and Management of Recurrences After Vertical Partial Laryngectomy

Postoperatively, patients are examined every 2 to 4 months, usually over a period of 12 to 18 months. The larynx is examined with use of mirrors and, occasionally, fiberoptic instruments in the office. The neck should always be palpated carefully, although the likelihood of metastasis from early cordal cancers is small.
Research on D-Sodium erythorbate inhibition the formation of nitrosamides in sauerkraut during pickling

Objective:Through the analysis and comparison the nitrosamides content in different concentration of the D-Sodium erythorbate(D-the different Vc sodium) in the pickled saurkrant to discover the function of D-Sodium erythorbate. Methods : four vegetables pickled groupsⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ were soaked and sprayed by different density of D-Sodium erythorbate. Analysis the content of nitrite for 8 continuous days. Results : 0.1% D-Sodium erythorbate sprays had a remarkable effect on the inhibition the formation of nitrosamides; next was 0.1% D-Sodium erythorbate immersion group. The nitrosamides test result on the ninth day was:Ⅰ(2.8mg/kg),Ⅱ(1.5mg/kg),Ⅲ(1.0mg/kg),Ⅳ(0.7mg/kg), Group Ⅳ was 1/4 as low as group I. Conclusion : In pickled sauerkraut, D-Sodium erythorbate can effectively suppress the nitrosamides.
Spintronics for instant-on nonvolatile electronics

Using collective spins or nanomagnets offers the possibility of constructing high speed nonvolatile electronics, resulting in the energy dissipation at the device level possibly approaching the fundamental equilibrium Maxwell-Shannon-Landaur limit. This paper will describe the progress in energy-efficient MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) bits for high-speed spin-transfer-torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM). Furthermore, the possibility of a Magnetoelectric RAM (MeRAM) as a promising candidate for ultralow power is discussed. Demonstrated principles and experiments of voltage-induced switching of the magnetization and reorientation of the magnetic easy axis by electric field offer much reduced switching energy at high speed. The latter may enable a new paradigm of high speed nonvolatile electronics.
Effective Goal Setting and Performance

All living things come to life to perform. Some are colorful and fulfilling; others are not.
Monitoring Lung Cancer Screening Use and Outcomes at Four Cancer Research Network Sites

Rationale: Lung cancer screening registries can monitor screening outcomes and improve quality of care.Objectives: To describe nascent lung cancer screening programs and share efficient data collection approaches for mandatory registry reporting in four integrated health care systems of the National Cancer Institute–funded Cancer Research Network.Methods: We documented the distinctive characteristics of lung cancer screening programs, and we provide examples of strategies to facilitate data collection and describe early challenges and possible solutions. In addition, we report preliminary data on use and outcomes of screening with low-dose computed tomography at each of the participating sites.Results: Programs varied in approaches to confirming patient eligibility, ordering screening low-dose computed tomographic scans, and coordinating follow-up care. Most data elements were collected from structured fields in electronic health records, but sites also made use of standardized order templates, local proc...
Embed SRAM IDDOFF fail root cause identification by combination of device analysis and localized circuit analysis

Abstract SRAM is most important component in the logic product. The failure analysis on the SRAM is well developed, but the SRAM IDDOFF analysis is still challenging for the FA engineers. The product has passed the functional test when IDDOFF is measured. This will make electrical fault isolation very difficult. It will be easy to verify the IDDOFF leakage at die level, but difficult or impossible to verify the leakage at the transistor level. In this paper, a SRAM IDDOFF failed unit was analyzed and the conventional EMMI method was employed to do the fault isolation. The hotspot was easily found in the SRAM area. The EMMI signal cover the entire SRAM block, which indicates a gross leakage in the SRAM block. Subsequent layer by layer analysis didn't find any abnormality until contact level. Nanoprobing at contact level also shows nothing abnormal. To understand the leakage path, the SRAM circuit was studied under DC bias condition and combined with a cross-section analysis of the structure. Thus, a suspected leakage path was proposed. Based on this suspect the leakage can only be simulated at M1 level, and then the experiment was redesigned at Via1 level. The leakage was successfully verified by the nanoprobing DC measurement at M1 level. Finally, the TEM analysis confirms the root cause for the IDDOFF fail.
Dismounted Complex Blast Injury Management

The past 13 years of sustained combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have provided a robust and high-volume experience to deployed providers in caring for severe multisystem traumatic injuries as well as managing mass casualty scenarios on a routine basis. With the rise of the use of improvised explosive devices in both combat and civilian arenas, all surgeons must now be prepared to handle these types of injuries. This chapter describes the epidemiology and management of patients injured by blast or explosive mechanisms and outlines key concepts and lessons learned from the recent high-volume military experiences. These injuries typically include a combination of severe blunt and penetrating trauma, with the hallmark dismounted complex blast injury pattern being multiple amputated or mangled extremities, large perineal and/or pelvic wounds, penetrating truncal injuries, and pelvic or spine fractures. A rapid, focused, and team-based approach to the diagnostic workup, resuscitation, and operative intervention is outlined.
Where are the Women

According to a 2016 report by Catalyst, women in the United States make up 46.8% of the workforce and 51.1% of management and professional positions, but only a startling 4% of top leadership positions in S&P 500 companies. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, and this paper will consider the major theories behind it. Through the lens of the financial services industry and using qualitative research technique of semi-structured interviews, this paper will endeavor to show which factors impact female leaders’ ability to reach the senior levels of management from their own perspective, and illustrate how these may differ from the challenges their male colleague’s experiences. The goal of this research is to provide insights to help direct future research and offer guidance to the financial services industry regarding steps to take to ensure women are afforded equal advancement opportunities.