cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ProppLearner: Deeply Annotating a Corpus of Russian Folktales to Enable the Machine Learning of a Russian Formalist Theory

I describe the collection and deep annotation of the semantics of a corpus of Russian folktales. This corpus, which I call the ‘ProppLearner’ corpus, was assembled to provide data for an algorithm designed to learn Vladimir Propp’s morphology of Russian hero tales. The corpus is the most deeply annotated narrative corpus available at this time. The algorithm and learning results are described elsewhere; here, I provide detail on the layers of annotation and how they were chosen, novel layers of annotation required for successful learning, the selection of the texts for annotation, the annotation process itself, and the resulting inter-annotator agreement measures. In particular, the corpus comprised fifteen texts totaling 18,862 words. There were eighteen layers of annotation, five of which were developed specifically to support learning Propp’s morphology: referent attributes, context relationships, event valences, Propp’s ‘dramatis personae’, and Propp’s functions. All annotations were created by trained annotators with the Story Workbench annotation tool, following a double-annotation paradigm. I discuss lessons learned from this effort and what they mean for future digital humanities efforts when working with the semantics of natural language text.
Multifunctional Ceramic Materials–Review and Projections

Multifunctional engineering systems made up of different material components each providing primarily a single function are well known. Frequently, even for a monofunctional application, the material component must already have an optimum set of secondary properties to fulfill that function. It would be desirable to have multifunctional material components. In this paper some known multifunctional ceramic materials, mainly crystalline and glassy oxide systems, are reviewed. These are conveniently divided into molecular, ultrastructural and integrated materials systems. Projections are made regarding the future developments of multifunctional ceramics as well as nanocomposites with both inorganic and organic components based on the sol-gel technique.
Hydrogen Solubility in Pd100-xSix Metallic Classes and the Phase Diagram of Pd-Si-H Glasses*

The hydrogen solubility of glassy Pd100−xSix alloys with 14≤x≤22 has been measured in the temperature range of 10°C to 90°C and the hydrogen partial pressure range of 0 to 100 torr. The absorption of hydrogen in these glassy alloys is exothermic and Sieverts’ law is not observed. An isothermal-isobaric ternary phase diagram showing the change of hydrogen solubility with silicon concentration is given. A preliminary analysis suggests that the hydrogen solubility is related to the atomic structure of the metallic glasses.
A Case Study on Food Poisoning Caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Objective To find out the causes of a food poisoning outbreak.Methods Epidemiological investigation was conducted.Microbiological analysis on the samples of residual foods,contents of the vomit,stool and swabs of appliances was performed.Results A total of 5 children and 6 workers developed the symptoms of food poisoning after having the breakfast with "Changfen" made from the same workshop.Abdominal pain,vomiting,and diarrhea were the main clinical symptoms.Among the 42 samples,59.5% were positive for Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion The causative agent responsible for the food poisoning in this study was Staphylococcus aureus.
Target-decoy search strategy for mass spectrometry-based proteomics.

Accurate and precise methods for estimating incorrect peptide and protein identifications are crucial for effective large-scale proteome analyses by tandem mass spectrometry. The target-decoy search strategy has emerged as a simple, effective tool for generating such estimations. This strategy is based on the premise that obvious, necessarily incorrect “decoy” sequences added to the search space will correspond with incorrect search results that might otherwise be deemed to be correct. With this knowledge, it is possible not only to estimate how many incorrect results are in a final data set but also to use decoy hits to guide the design of filtering criteria that sensitively partition a data set into correct and incorrect identifications.
OXIDATIVE STRESS LIVER: MODULATORS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER INJURY AND REGENERATION

The pro-fibrogenic gene, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is well established to play a major role in hepatic fibrogenesis. PI proposes that hepatic fibrogenic process is negligible in normal liver because nucleoredoxin (NXN), a key liver antioxidant, interacts with Dvl that prevents frizzled (Fzd) to form Fzd: Dvl complex leading to preferential phosphorylation and consequent degradation of β-catenin via the proteasomal pathway. However, chronic alcohol-induced reactive oxygen species oxidize NXN and dissociate Dvl from NXN: Dvl complex resulting in inhibiting GSK3β and consequent stabilization and translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus, where it activates hepatic fibrogenesis. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in grapes that has strong phytoestrogenic and antioxidant properties. Pr. Lakshman proposes to discuss how alcohol abuse affects these complex signaling interactions in hepatic fibrogenesis, and the protective role of resveratrol in blocking these fibrogenic actions of chronic alcohol exposure.
DANNA: A neuromorphic software ecosystem ☆

Abstract Architectures for neuromorphic computing have evolved to the point where a significant amount of software design and implementation is necessary for leveraging these architectures to solve real problems. In this paper, we describe the software ecosystem for the DANNA neuromorphic computing model. This ecosystem is composed of four pieces: a simulator, commander, evolutionary optimizer, and visualizer. The ecosystem facilitates developing applications for DANNA, and in turn will help DANNA evolve into a more effective neuromorphic computing model. We describe how we use the software components to perform digit classification using the MNIST dataset.
Involvement of tolQ and tolR genes in Edwardsiella ictaluri virulence.

Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative intracellular facultative pathogen causing enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC). The Tol system, consisting of four envelope proteins TolQ, TolR, TolA, and TolB, are required for colicin import and contributes to bacterial virulence in several pathogenic bacteria. However, the Tol system and its importance in E. ictaluri virulence have not been investigated. Here we present construction and evaluation of the E. ictaluri TolQ, TolR and TolQR mutants (EiΔtolQ, EiΔtolR, and EiΔtolQR). The Tol mutants were developed using in-frame gene deletion and their attenuation and vaccine efficacy were determined in catfish fingerlings. The EiΔtolQ, EiΔtolR, and EiΔtolQR mutants showed reduced virulence in catfish (28.93%, 19.70%, and 39.82% mortality, respectively) compared to wild type (46.91% mortality). Further, vaccination with these mutants protected catfish against subsequent wild-type infection. This study suggests that the Tol system contributes to E. ictaluri virulence in catfish.
Deadly Experience: The Association Between Firing a Gun and Various Aspects of Suicide Risk.

Firearms account for half of all U.S. suicide deaths, but research on mechanisms through which firearms confer risk is limited. Although research has indicated firearm ownership and the unsafe storage of firearms are associated with an elevated risk of suicide, such research cannot provide insight into the extent to which a history of using a gun plays a role. We recruited a community sample (N = 100; 76% female; 44% Black) oversampled for prior suicidal behavior in a high gun ownership state (Mississippi). Consistent with hypotheses, a greater number of lifetime experiences of firing a gun were associated with elements of the capability for suicide (fearlessness about death, pain tolerance, pain persistence) and lifetime suicide attempts, but not with suicide ideation or simple pain detection. These findings indicate that guns may confer risk of suicide in part through increased comfort and aptitude with the weapon, a notion consistent with the construct of practical capability. Furthermore, these findings are consistent with research indicating that guns do not cause healthy individuals to become suicidal, but rather increase risk among already suicidal individuals. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering practical experience with guns as well as simple ownership and storage methods.
A Milieu Molecule for TGF-β Required for Microglia Function in the Nervous System

Summary Extracellular proTGF-β is covalently linked to "milieu" molecules in the matrix or on cell surfaces and is latent until TGF-β is released by integrins. Here, we show that LRRC33 on the surface of microglia functions as a milieu molecule and enables highly localized, integrin-αVβ8-dependent TGF-β activation. Lrrc33−/− mice lack CNS vascular abnormalities associated with deficiency in TGF-β-activating integrins but have microglia with a reactive phenotype and after 2 months develop ascending paraparesis with loss of myelinated axons and death by 5 months. Whole bone marrow transplantation results in selective repopulation of Lrrc33−/− brains with WT microglia and halts disease progression. The phenotypes of WT and Lrrc33−/− microglia in the same brain suggest that there is little spreading of TGF-β activated from one microglial cell to neighboring microglia. Our results suggest that interactions between integrin-bearing cells and cells bearing milieu molecule-associated TGF-β provide localized and selective activation of TGF-β.
A Cross-Language Study of Voicing in Initial Stops: Acoustical Measurements

(1964). A Cross-Language Study of Voicing in Initial Stops: Acoustical Measurements. WORD: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 384-422.
Molecular modeling of cytochrome P450 2B1: mode of membrane insertion and substrate specificity.

A molecular model of a mammalian membrane-bound cytochrome P450, rat P450 2B1, was constructed in order to elucidate its mode of attachment to the endoplasmic reticulum and the structural basis of substrate specificity. The model was primarily derived from the structure of P450BM-3, which as a class II P450 is the most functionally similar P450 of known structure. However, model development was also guided by the conserved core regions of P450cam and P450terp. To optimally align the P450 2B1 and P450BM-3 sequences, multiple alignment was performed using sequences of five P450s in the II family, followed by minor adjustments on the basis of secondary structure predictions. The resulting P450 2B1 homology model structure was refined by molecular dynamics heating, equilibration, simulation, and energy minimization. The model suggests that the F–G loop serves as both a hydrophobic membrane anchor and entrance channel for hydrophobic substrates from the membrane to the P450 active site. To assess the mode of substrate binding, benzphetamine, testosterone, and benzo[a]pyrene were docked into the active site. The hydrophobic substrate-binding pocket is consistent with the preferences of this P450 toward hydrophobic substrates, while the presence of an acidic Glu-105 in this pocket is consistent with the preference of this P450 for the cationic substrate benzphetamine. This model is thus consistent with several known experimental properties of this P450, such as membrane attachment and substrate selectivity.
CHAPTER 13 – Applications Unlimited

This chapter reveals that variation in the application of the Mtm method of systems analysis and modeling is unlimited. The method is capable of yielding accurate models pursuant to the need for understanding the many interrelated features of a total system: interactions between its component subsystems and between component variables of each subsystem. This concluding chapter features four areas that support a myriad of additional applications that range from modeling a simple, machine-tool process to structuring a large-scale systems model. In virtual manufacturing applications, modeling of entire processes requires a unifying medium to standardize process modeling. Standardization greatly improves cost effectiveness in that it simplifies software development. Systems analysis and modeling, as described in previous chapters, provide that standardized delivery medium.
Acquisition of automatic activity through practice: changes in sensory input

This paper will present computer models of three robotic motion planning and learning systems which use a multi-sensory learning strategy for learning and control. In these systems machine vision input is used to plan and execute movements utilizing an algorithmic controller while at the same time neural networks learn the control of those motions using feedback provided by position and velocity sensors in the actuators. A specific advantage of this approach is that, in addition to the system leaming a more automatic behavior, it employs a computationally less costly sensory system more tightly coupled from perception to action.
Optical and UV observations of Herbig-Haro objects.

On presente les observations recentes dans l'optique et l'UV d'objets de Herbig Haro. On s'interesse tout particulierement a l'importance des donnees spectrophotometriques precises et aux spectres de haute dispersion. On considere la contradiction apparente entre les spectres de raies d'emission UV et optique et a ses implications quant au modele a onde de choc. On favorise l'hypothese a 2 photons pour l'interpretation du continuum. On discute d'un certain nombre de parametres fondamentaux deduits des donnees spectrophotometriques
Bayesian estimation of mean transmission loss along multiple paths with randomly scattered signals

A general problem is considered in which a source of unknown power transmits to multiple receiver locations. The signal is randomly scattered along each transmission path, for example, by turbulence, a forest, or buildings. At each receiver location, one or more observations of the signal power are collected. It is assumed that the functional form of the probability density function (pdf) of the received signals (an exponential pdf for strong scattering, or a gamma pdf for weak scattering) is known based on an understanding of the scattering process, although the mean transmission losses (TLs) from the source to receivers are uncertain. From the signal observations, we wish to estimate the mean power of the source and the mean TLs for each path. A Bayesian formulation for this problem is presented. An inverse gamma prior is used for the TL, which is the conjugate prior for the exponential or gamma scattered signal pdf (likelihood function). Analytical solutions are then derived for a number of limiting scenarios: (1) unscattered signals along multiple paths with dependent TLs, (2) strongly scattered signals along multiple paths with the same TL, and (3) weakly or strongly scattered signals along multiple paths with independent TLs.A general problem is considered in which a source of unknown power transmits to multiple receiver locations. The signal is randomly scattered along each transmission path, for example, by turbulence, a forest, or buildings. At each receiver location, one or more observations of the signal power are collected. It is assumed that the functional form of the probability density function (pdf) of the received signals (an exponential pdf for strong scattering, or a gamma pdf for weak scattering) is known based on an understanding of the scattering process, although the mean transmission losses (TLs) from the source to receivers are uncertain. From the signal observations, we wish to estimate the mean power of the source and the mean TLs for each path. A Bayesian formulation for this problem is presented. An inverse gamma prior is used for the TL, which is the conjugate prior for the exponential or gamma scattered signal pdf (likelihood function). Analytical solutions are then derived for a number of limiting sc...
Mlh1 as a tumor suppressor of skin

5712 DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is critical for maintaining both mitotic and meiotic genomic integrity. Hereditary defects in MMR are directly involved in the etiology of Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) in humans, an autosomal dominant disorder that confers predisposition to colonic and other tumors. Germline mutations in hMLH1 are one of the most prominent of these and account for approximately 30% of the HNPCC kindreds. Somatic mutations in MMR genes also underlie some sporadic cancers. A series of mouse lines, each carrying inactivating germline mutation in a different MMR gene, have been developed to date. Mice that are deficient in Mlh1 are infertile and are predisposed to developing a spectrum of cancers, including tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. However, majority of the mice develop lymphoma and die of them, hindering the analysis of its role in other tissues. To create a model system to study the effects of Mlh1 deficiency in skin and to circumvent unnecessary tumorigenesis, we used the Cre-loxP technology to direct conditional inactivation of Mlh1 specifically in mouse epidermis. A mouse strain carrying conditional inactivating mutation of Mlh1 (Mlh1CKO), in which exon 2 of Mlh1 is flanked by loxP sites, was generated. Mice homozygous for Mlh1 conditional alleles developed normally and were fertile. This strain was crossed with K14-Cre transgenic mice that express Cre under the control of the human K14 gene promoter, a common epidermal promoter which is active in dividing cells of several stratified epithelia. K14-Cre; Mlh1CKO/CKO mice had decreased survival (13.5±1.5 months) and tumor susceptibility phenotype in both sexes. Skin malignancies, either basal cell or basosquamous carcinoma of skin, were most commonly seen with almost 100% incidence in male and 70% in female. Approximately half of the female mice also developed aggressive mammary adenocarcinoma with lung metastasis. We therefore show clearly that Mlh1 is an important tumor suppressor gene in skin tumorigenesis.
Recent US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Activities to Reduce HIV Stigma

HIV stigma affects many persons living with HIV in the United States, and reducing stigma is central to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) mission to promote health and prevent HIV transmission. To this end, CDC funds and implements programmatic activities, research, communication campaigns, and monitoring through data collection and public health surveillance. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded programs have developed promising interventions and educational materials for reducing HIV stigma. Research conducted by CDC staff and their collaborators have made important contributions to the scientific literature on stigma, which have informed current CDC programmatic efforts, including public education activities and social marketing campaigns. By monitoring HIV stigma in multiple populations, CDC can evaluate the population-level effectiveness of stigma-reduction efforts and identify key populations in need of support and intervention. This article describes these and other recent CDC efforts to address HIV stigma, and discusses new strategies with the potential to further reduce stigma.
Identifying the determinants of and barriers to landowner participation in reforestation in Costa Rica

Abstract Reforestation programs are being implemented across the globe to address the decline in global forest cover. This research examines the role of motivations, external support, and barriers on farmer participation in reforestation in the tropics. Eighty-five household surveys and 18 in-depth interviews were conducted with farmers and organizations in Costa Rica. To measure motivations, we asked farmers’ their perceptions of environmental, social and financial outcomes of reforestation. External support was measured as perceived support from conservation organizations. Regression models were used to determine the significance of motivations and external support, controlling for household and biophysical characteristics, on reforestation behaviors. External support and environmental motivations both had a positive and statistically significant effect on reforestation. Farm size and the number of years spent on the property also positively influenced the decision to plant trees. Farmers identified instrumental pro-environmental values, such as water regulating ecosystem services, as their primary motivations for planting trees. Barriers to reforestation included a lack of technical skills for planting trees, unsuccessful past experiences, a lack of trust in external organizations and initial reforestation costs. Overall, this research indicates that environmental motivations influence the decision to participate in reforestation, but that external support is critical for overcoming initial participation barriers.
Abstract 278: Using mHealth to Assess Physical Activity Guideline Adherence in Smokers: A Secondary Analysis of mActive-Smoke

Background: Rates of cigarette smoking are decreasing due to public health initiatives, pharmacological aids, and clinician focus on smoking cessation. However, a sedentary lifestyle increases card...
FULLY RELATIVISTIC DISTORTED-WAVE CROSS SECTIONS FOR ELECTRON IMPACT IONIZATION FROM THE 2s, 2p1/2, AND 2p3/2 SUBSHELLS IN IONS WITH Z − N ≥ 3, Z ≤ 92, AND N ≤ 12

Abstract A fully relativistic distorted-wave method has been used to calculate a large number of cross sections for electron impact ionization from the 2s, 2p1/2, and 2p3/2 subshells of ions with Z − N ≥ 4 (that is, ions that are at least four times ionized), where Z is the nuclear charge and N is the initial number of bound electrons per ion. In the special case of hydrogenic ions (N = 1), Z = 4 is also treated. Furthermore, a wide range of ions were considered, limited only by the additional conditions Z ≤ 92 and N ≤ 12. The generalized Breit interaction between bound and free electrons was included when significant, but this was found to occur only for Z ≳ 42 and had a maximum effect of only 13%. The results have been expressed in a convenient way, and fits have been made that allow one to readily obtain cross sections and rate coefficients for all ions in the above ranges of Z and N.
Cardiovascular Manifestations of Mitochondrial Disease

Genetic mitochondrial cardiomyopathies are uncommon causes of heart failure that may not be seen by most physicians. However, the prevalence of mitochondrial DNA mutations and somatic mutations affecting mitochondrial function are more common than previously thought. In this review, the pathogenesis of genetic mitochondrial disorders causing cardiovascular disease is reviewed. Treatment options are presently limited to mostly symptomatic support, but preclinical research is starting to reveal novel approaches that may lead to better and more targeted therapies in the future. With better understanding and clinician education, we hope to improve clinician recognition and diagnosis of these rare disorders in order to improve ongoing care of patients with these diseases and advance research towards discovering new therapeutic strategies to help treat these diseases.
Analysis of Site-Specific Phosphorylation of PTEN by Using Enzyme-Catalyzed Expressed Protein Ligation

The activity and localization of PTEN, a tumor suppressor lipid phosphatase that converts the phospholipid PIP3 to PIP2, is governed in part by phosphorylation on a cluster of four Ser and Thr residues near the C terminus. Prior enzymatic characterization of the four monophosphorylated (1p) PTENs by using classical expressed protein ligation (EPL) was complicated by the inclusion of a non-native Cys at the ligation junction (aa379), which may alter the properties of the semisynthetic protein. Here, we apply subtiligase-mediated EPL to create wt 1p-PTENs. These PTENs are more autoinhibited than previously appreciated, consistent with the role of Tyr379 in driving autoinhibition. Alkaline phosphatase sensitivity analysis revealed that these autoinhibited 1p conformations are kinetically labile. In contrast to the Cys mutant 1p-PTENs, which are poorly recognized by an anti-phospho-PTEN antibody, three of the four wt 1p-PTENs are recognized by a commonly used anti-phospho-PTEN antibody.
Individualising care in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a series of N-of-1 trials comparing transpyloric and gastric feeding.

Objective Compare rates of hypoxaemia during transpyloric and gastric feedings in very preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Design N-of-1 multiple crossover trials with individual patient and pooled data analyses. Setting Level IV intensive care nursery. Patients Infants receiving positive airway pressure between 36 and 55 weeks postmenstrual age were enrolled between December 2014–July 2016. Intervention N-of-1 trial consisting of two blocks, each with a 4-day gastric and 4-day transpyloric feeding period assigned in random order. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the frequency of daily intermittent hypoxaemic events (SpO2 ≤80% lasting 10–180 s). Secondary outcomes included the daily proportion of time with an SpO2 ≤80% and mean daily fraction of inspired oxygen. Results Of 15 infants, 13 completed the trial and 2 stopped early for transient worsening in respiratory status during gastric feedings. In the intention-to-treat analyses, transpyloric feedings resulted in increased rates of intermittent hypoxaemia in five infants, greater time per day in hypoxaemia in three infants and more supplemental oxygen use in three infants. One infant received more supplemental oxygen during gastric feedings. The remaining study outcomes were similar between the feeding routes in all other infants. Pooling all data, transpyloric feedings resulted in a higher frequency of intermittent hypoxaemic events (median 7.5/day (IQR 1–23.5) vs 3/day (1–11); adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.5) and a greater proportion of daily hypoxaemia time (median 0.8% (IQR 0.1–2.3) vs 0.4% (0.07–1.8); adjusted mean difference 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5). Conclusions Transpyloric compared with gastric feedings modestly increased rates of hypoxaemia among study participants. Trial registration number NCT02142621
Representations on Spaces of Regular Functions

If G is a reductive linear algebraic group acting on an affine variety X, then G acts linearly on the function space ט[X]. In this chapter we will give several of the high points in the study of this representation. We will first analyze cases in which the representation decomposes into distinct irreducible representations (one calls X multiplicity-free in this case), give the most important class of such spaces (symmetric spaces), and determine the decomposition of ט[X] as a G-module in this case. We also obtain the second fundamental theorem of invariants for the classical groups from this approach. The philosophy in this chapter is that the geometry of the orbits of G in X gives important information about the structure of the corresponding representation of G on ט[X]. This philosophy is most apparent in the last part of this chapter, in which we give a new proof of a celebrated theorem of Kostant and Rallis concerning the isotropy representation of a symmetric space. This chapter is also less self-contained than the earlier ones. For example, the basic results of Chevalley on invariants corresponding to symmetric pairs are only quoted (although for the pairs of classical type these facts are verified on a case-by-case basis). We also mix algebraic and analytic techniques by viewing G both as an algebraic group and as a Lie group with a compact real form.
Media Diversity and Localism : Meaning and Metrics

Contents: Preface. P.M. Napoli, Introduction: Media Diversity and Localism-Meaning, Metrics, and Policy. Part I: Media Ownership and Media Diversity and Localism. J. Waldfogel, Should We Regulate Media Ownership? R.B. Horwitz, On Media Concentration and the Diversity Question. P. DiCola, Employment and Wage Effects of Radio Consolidation. P.J. Alexander, B.M. Cunningham, Public and Private Decision Making: The Value of Diversity in News. A Halavais, Convergence of Newspaper Election Coverage: 1992-2000. Part II: Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Assessing Media Diversity and Localism. S.G. Verhulst, Mediation, Mediators, and New Intermediaries: Implications for the Design of New Communications Policies. S. Braman, The Limits of Diversity. S.S. Wildman, Indexing Diversity. S.D. McDowell, J. Lee, Tracking "Localism" in Television Broadcasting: Utilizing and Structuring Public Information. M. Cooper, When Law and Social Science Go Hand in Glove: Usage and Importance of Local and National News Sources-Critical Questions and Answers for Media Market Analysis. Part III: Minorities, Media, and Diversity. L.M. Baynes, White Out: The Absence and Stereotyping of People of Color by the Broadcast Networks in Prime Time Entertainment Programming. C.M. Bachen, A.S. Hammond, IV, C.J.K. Sandoval, Serving the Public Interest: Broadcast News, Public Affairs Programming, and the Case for Minority Ownership. Part IV: Contexualizing Media Diversity and Localism: Audience Behavior and New Technologies. J.G. Webster, Diversity of Exposure. M. Hindman, A Mile Wide and an Inch Deep: Measuring Media Diversity Online and Offline. E. Hargittai, Content Diversity Online: Myth or Reality? E.P. Goodman, Proactive Media Policy in an Age of Content Abundance.
Photoprotons from Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, and Other Light Elements.

Abstract : The (gamma, proton) reaction in O, F. Ne, and C was studied with electrons of energies up to 36 mev. Survey studies were made of the Al, A, and B (gamma, proton) energy spectra. The studies were based on a one-to-one correspondence between electron- and photon-induced reactions. It was assumed that when analyzing electronproduction yields, the electron as associated with it a virtual-photon spectrum, similar to the real-photon bremsstrahlung spectrum. The virtual and bremsstrahlung spectra differ in the virtualphoton spectrum depends on the multipolarity of the induced transition and the angle between the incident electron beam and the emitted disintegration product. The el ctron production yields were analyzed with the use of the E-1 virtualp oton spectrum.
Leveraging Mechanical Forces to Target Insulin Injection-Induced Lipohypertrophy and Fibrosis.

As of 2017, more than 30 million Americans—nearly 10% of the population—have diabetes (1). More than 1.5 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in 2015 (1). The prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing, and by 2050, diabetes is expected to affect more than one in five adults in the United States (2–5). The economic burden of diabetes is enormous and growing; in 2017, it was estimated to be $327 billion, including $237 billion in direct medical costs (6), a nearly twofold increase from 2007 (3). The 1.25 million American adults living with type 1 diabetes comprise 5.6% of all U.S. adults with a diabetes diagnosis (7). Because these patients are unable to produce sufficient endogenous insulin, they are reliant on exogenous insulin injections for their entire lives. In addition to individuals with type 1 diabetes, roughly 30% of patients with type 2 diabetes also require insulin therapy, typically in the setting of A1C levels that are uncontrolled with oral hypoglycemic agents (8–11). Recently, exorbitant insulin prices have dominated news headlines across the United States. In just 5 years, from 2012 to 2017, the cost of insulin increased by 110% (6). Insulin costs totaled more than $14 billion in 2017, not including required supplies and equipment, which were responsible for an additional $5 billion in costs (6). Beyond the sizeable economic burden of insulin use, long-term insulin administration can also cause a host of problems for patients. In particular, repeated insulin injections and insulin pump use often result in complications and changes in the skin at injection or pump sites (Figure 1) (12). The two most common injection site complications are: 1. Fibrosis, the accumulation of stiff, dense scar tissue at the injection site (Figure 1 A , middle …
Information Governance Program Implementation and Strategies in Banking Sector

As a result of the exponential growth of information being generated, stored, and analyzed, there is a great need for a dedicated Information Governance program in organizations. This paper presents the proposal of implementing an Information Governance program in the Banking Sector. An introduction to Information Governance along with its applications, challenges, and implementation strategy in the financial services and banking industry is discussed. A comprehensive literature review is presented that discusses the information governance program implementation best practices in the banking and financial sector. Strategies are presented to track the key metrics, management of data including data de-duplication, cleansing, conversion of data from legacy format to digital form, the applicability of relevant data across lines of businesses and stakeholders, and ensuring compliance and regulatory mandates. Further, strategies are proposed to leverage the marketing power of social media, email, and cloud computing technologies. The paper presents key metrics that are required to track the organizational performance and risks that highlight the key performance and key risk indicators of the firm that aids in aligning the organizational, and information systems strategy to the firm’s business strategy. The banking and financial sector are highly regulations and compliance-driven which makes it quintessential for the Information Governance strategy to incorporate the required expectations in the implementation strategy. Thus, this paper presents the regulatory, and compliance legal acts and their implementation strategy in the banking sector. Finally, a conclusion is presented that summarizes the key points of Information Governance strategy implementation, best practices, along with compliance and regulatory expectations, and relevant policies to drive the firm’s initiative of implementing an Information Governance program.
Transient blockade of TBK1/IKKε allows efficient transduction of primary human natural killer cells with vesicular stomatitis virus G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors.

Abstract Background aims Vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G)-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (LVs) are widely used to reliably generate genetically modified, clinical-grade T-cell products. However, the results of genetically modifying natural killer (NK) cells with VSV-G LVs have been variable. The authors explored whether inhibition of the IKK-related protein kinases TBK1 and IKKe, key signaling molecules of the endosomal TLR4 pathway, which is activated by VSV-G, would enable the reliable transduction of NK cells by VSV-G LVs. Methods The authors activated NK cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using standard procedures and transduced them with VSV-G LVs encoding a marker gene (yellow fluorescent protein [YFP]) or functional genes (chimeric antigen receptors [CARs], co-stimulatory molecules) in the presence of three TBK1/IKKe inhibitors (MRT67307, BX-795, amlexanox). NK cell transduction was evaluated by flow cytometry and/or western blot and the functionality of expressed CARs was evaluated in vitro. Results Blocking TBK1/IKKe during transduction of NK cells enabled their efficient transduction by VSV-G LVs as judged by YFPexpression of 40–50%, with half maximal effective concentrations of 1.1 µM (MRT67307), 5 µM (BX-795) and 24.8 µM (amlexanox). Focusing on MRT67307, the authors successfully generated NK cells expressing CD19-CARs or HER2-CARs with an inducible co-stimulatory molecule. CAR NK cells exhibited increased cytolytic activity and ability to produce cytokines in comparison to untreated controls, confirming CAR functionality. Conclusions The authors demonstrate that inhibition of TBK1/IKKe enables the reliable generation of genetically modified NK cells using VSV-G LVs. The authors’ protocol can be readily adapted to generate clinical-grade NK cells and thus has the potential to facilitate the clinical evaluation of genetically modified NK cell-based therapeutics in the future.
'Quarantine 15': Pre-registered findings on stress and concern about weight gain before/during COVID-19 in relation to caregivers' eating pathology.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has dramatically altered daily activities including eating and physical activity behaviors, which in turn may be related to eating pathology. Those who care for children (henceforth caregivers) may face the brunt of these changes, but little research has examined the consequences of COVID-19 on eating pathology in caregivers. A community sample of caregivers (N = 140) completed a cross-sectional online survey assessing demographics, stress and concern about weight gain before/during COVID-19, disordered eating (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-Short Form), and emotional eating (Emotional Eating Scale-Revised). Significant positive relationships emerged between stress and concern about weight gain before/during COVID-19 and disordered eating, emotional eating-depression, emotional eating-anger/anxiety, and emotional eating-boredom. Stress and concern about weight gain during, but not before, COVID-19 positively predicted variance in disordered eating and emotional eating. Stress was associated with lower emotional eating-boredom when concern about weight gain during COVID-19 was low. Stress was associated with lower emotional eating-depression when concern about weight gain before COVID-19 was low, but when high, stress was associated with higher emotional eating-depression. Stress and concern about weight gain before/during COVID-19 may be relevant to worsened disordered eating and emotional eating in caregivers, a neglected population in the literature. Targeting concern about weight gain may weaken the relationship between stress and emotional eating-depression and emotional eating-boredom among caregivers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assessing multidimensional mattering: Development and exploratory validation of the Mattering in Domains of Life Scale (MIDLS)

Mattering, defined as feeling valued and adding value, is a basic psychological need with significant explanatory power. Although several specific measures have been introduced to assess the construct, no integrated, multidimensional measure exists. This limits the ability of researchers to investigate mattering in ecological contexts. This paper seeks to address this gap by introducing the Mattering in Domains of Life Scale (MIDLS) and evaluating its internal structure and convergent validity. Using data from a single, large US representative sample, the analysis validated the overall hypothesized factor structure, consisting of feeling valued and adding value across the personal, interpersonal, occupational, and community domains, as well as overall mattering. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing the various MIDLS subscales to eight established scales. Overall results provide evidence that the MIDLS is a valid scale measuring an essentially unidimensional construct composed of eight subdomains.
A novel protocol for transparent and simultaneous spectrum access between the secondary user and the primary user in cognitive radio networks

In this paper, we propose a novel protocol for cognitive radio networks, termed spectrum co-access protocol (SCAP), for secondary users to transparently and simultaneously access spectrum with primary users. The motivation is to eliminate the disruption to secondary user communications by the resurgence of primary user transmission. This protocol enables mutually beneficial coexistence between the primary user network and the secondary user network. Through spectrum co-access, SCAP creates a virtual secondary user control channel in licensed spectrum that is invisible to the primary user. As a result, SCAP is a medium access control protocol that allows for simultaneous spectrum access between the secondary user and the primary user networks. The performance evaluation indicates that SCAP provides significant performance improvement for the secondary user network over the existing opportunistic spectrum access scheme.
Health effects of nuclear weapons testing

Nuclear weapons were virtually unknown to the world before Aug 6, 1945, when the first atomic bomb was used against Japan in Hiroshima and the second 3 days later in Nagasaki. The 70th anniversary of this event is marked in the Lancet Series From Hiroshima and Nagasaki to Fukushima. 2, 3 The legacy of the atomic bomb extended far beyond Japan with atomic weapons testing programmes conducted worldwide for the next three and a half decades. Just 3 weeks before the atomic bomb attacks on Japan, the first nuclear explosion in history had taken place in secrecy in the desert of New Mexico, USA, when scientists working for the Manhattan Project tested the experimental nuclear bomb codenamed Trinity. That test ushered in an era of atmospheric nuclear testing by the USA, the USSR, the UK, China, and France that continued at sites around the world until 1980 (figure). During those years, more than 500 atomic weapons were tested in the atmosphere with a total explosive force equal to about 20 000 Hiroshima bombs. A detailed picture of the late effects of exposure to ionising radiation, namely increased risk of cancer, would not become well understood until years after the start of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing.
Health care reimbursement: Clemens to Clinton.

(2008). Health Care Reimbursement: Clemens to Clinton. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 40-44.
Activity-Dependent Modulation of Glutamate Receptors by Polyamines

The mechanisms by which polyamines block AMPA and kainate receptors are not well understood, but it has been generally assumed that they act as open-channel blockers. Consistent with this, voltage-jump relaxation analysis of GluR6 equilibrium responses to domoate could be well fit, assuming that spermine, spermidine, and philanthotoxin are weakly permeable open-channel blockers. Analysis of rate constants for binding and dissociation of polyamines indicated that the voltage dependence of block arose primarily from changes in koff rather than kon. Experiments with changes in Na concentration further indicate that the voltage dependence of polyamine block was governed by ion flux via open channels. However, responses to 1 msec applications of L-Glu revealed slow voltage-dependent rise-times, suggesting that polyamines additionally bind to closed states. A kinetic model, which included closed-channel block, reproduced these observations but required that polyamines accelerate channel closure either through an allosteric mechanism or by emptying the pore of permeant ions. Simulations with this model reveal that polyamine block confers novel activity-dependent regulation on calcium-permeable AMPA and kainate receptor responses.
Binary de bruijn partial words with one hole

In this paper, we investigate partial words, or finite sequences that may have some undefined positions called holes, of maximum subword complexity The subword complexity function of a partial word w over a given alphabet of size k assigns to each positive integer n, the number pw(n) of distinct full words over the alphabet that are compatible with factors of length n of w For positive integers n, h and k, we introduce the concept of a de Bruijn partial word of order n with h holes over an alphabet A of size k, as being a partial word w with h holes over A of minimal length with the property that $p_w(n)=k^n$ We are concerned with the following three questions: (1) What is the length of k-ary de Bruijn partial words of order n with h holes? (2) What is an efficient method for generating such partial words? (3) How many such partial words are there?
Serum immunoglobulin and complement levels relative to renal homotransplant rejection and patient survival. A retrospective study.

Abstract Sera of 10 patients receiving renal allografts were tested for levels of immunoglobulins G, A, M, and C′3 complement component by quantitative immunochemical methods. Pre- and post-transplant samplings revealed that the immunoglobulin M levels were somewhat higher for patients with rejection than with nonrejection. In general, immunoglobulin M and A levels in patients who survived were lower than those who subsequently expired. Immunoglobulin G levels were significantly higher in pretransplant than in post-transplant samplings. C′3 pre- and post-transplant levels were significantly higher in all patients who survived, especially for post-transplant serum samples. A relationship is suggested between the level of C′3 component and patient survival.
Glucose Intolerance in Infants of Very Low Birth Weight I. Incidence of Hyperglycemia in Infants of Birth Weights 1,100 Grams or Less

Forty-three of fifty babies with birth weights 1,100 gm or less were hyperglycemic with serum glucose levels exceeding 125 mg/100 ml while receiving parenteral glucose. Serum glucose levels exceeded 300 mg/100 ml in 36 of these 50 babies. Hyperglycemia was most frequent in the 24 hours after birth and was also related to high rates of glucose infusion (> 0.4 gm/kg/hr from birth) as well as parenteral glucose administration in the absence of oral supplement. These data attest to the fragile nature of glucose metabolism in infants of very low birth weight.
The use of high pressure liquid chromatography in clinical chemistry and biomedical research.

Publisher Summary High pressure, or high performance, liquid chromatography (HPLC) has potential for becoming one of the most powerful tools in the clinical laboratory. In clinical chemistry, qualitative and quantitative analyses of physiological fluids, solid wastes, and body tissues must be carried out rapidly and efficiently. If the results are to be used by physicians to detect and treat diseases as well as to monitor chemotherapy, the results must be reliable and promptly available. With HPLC, excellent resolution of closely related compounds that are polar, ionic, thermally labile, or nonvolatile can be carried out. This is most important in clinical work, because most of the drugs and their metabolites as well as many biologically active endogenous compounds fall into one of these categories. The separations are highly reproducible, and very low limits of detection are obtainable. The analyses are quantitative, and with most detectors, the samples are not destroyed. An important feature of HPLC is the ability to detect many compounds in one assay; thus concentrations of drugs and their metabolites or several drugs can be determined at one time.
Assessment of positive and negative relationship adjustment in marriage

This study was conducted to evaluate, in a probability sample of married individuals (N = 2,071), the psychometric properties of a measure of positive and negative relationship adjustment, based on perceived frequency of positive and negative partner exchanges or interactions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses support the presence of two correlated factors, and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence for configural and metric invariance for gender, racial/ethnic, and age groups. The measure demonstrated good convergent validity in its association with another measure of relationship adjustment. Results support the use of this brief and easily administered measure to assess positive and negative aspects of relationship adjustment, particularly in situations in which the correlates of relationship adjustment are to be compared across demographic groups.