cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Differential Sensitivities of Inner Ear Structures to Retinoic Acid during Development

In order to examine the mechanisms that underlie development of the inner ear, the normal processes were perturbed using all-trans-retinoic acid (RA). By implanting a resin exchange bead saturated with RA into stage 16 (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951, J. Morphol. 88, 49-92) embryonic day 2.5 chick ears, it was possible to analyze its in vivo effects on inner ear development. There is a temporal window during which the developing chick inner ear is particularly susceptible to the effects of RA (stages 16-19). This RA period of sensitivity precedes evidence of gross morphologic or histologic differentiation by at least 24 h, suggesting that mechanisms controlling formation of key inner ear structures are already in progress. There is a dose dependence on RA, with increasing doses of RA generating increasingly severe phenotypic abnormalities. Data indicate that these effects are due to differential sensitivities of the various inner ear structures to RA during their formation. In general, the vestibular structures were more susceptible to RA effects than the cochlear duct. Furthermore, nonsensory structures such as semicircular canals seemed to display a greater susceptibility to RA than their associated sensory structures (i.e., cristae). Among the three semicircular canals, the superior canal was the most susceptible to RA treatment, whereas the common crus was particularly resistant, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms for each structure's formation are different. The defect in semicircular canal formation is due to problems in the initial outgrowth of the canal plate which in turn is related to a down-regulation of early otocyst cell proliferation. This perturbation model provides valuable insight into the processes involved in producing the intricate patterning of the inner ear.
Interfacing the microcomputer: A component-level approach

A method is described for interfacing relatively inexpensive component- and chip-level devices to a standard Intel microcomputer board for providing an on-line physological monitoring system. The system demonstrates basic interfacing techniques and a highly simplified approach for integrating various state-of-the-art peripheral circuit components to a standard microcomputer configuration.
Preparation and properties of the human plasma Ba-α2-glycoproteins☆

Abstract A method is described for the fractionation of the three low molecular weight (3S) α 2 -glycoproteins of normal human plasma. Two of these α 2 -globulins were rendered insoluble by taking advantage of the interaction with Ba ions. The Ba ++ precipitable α 2 -glycoproteins, designated as Ba- α 2 -glycoproteins, were partially characterized in terms of their chemical composition and physical chemical properties.
Short-term intrusions into the life style routine.

Abstract 1. 1. A relatively small number of life change events account for most of the day-to-day life change, and a few bodily systems account for the majority of the signs and symptoms of everyday life. 2. 2. A person is much more likely to experience the signs and symptoms of everyday life on days of greater than average life change, as reflected by his Life Change Units point total. Life changes tend to cluster around health changes. 3. 3. Conversely, a person is much less likely to experience signs and symptoms on days of less than average life change, and low amounts of life change tend to cluster around symptom-free days. 4. 4. Individuals with the highest amounts of life change demonstrate the most signs and symptoms, as do those with some form of chronic illness, though most of the signs and symptoms are unrelated to the chronic disorders. 5. 5. Women have more signs and symptoms than men. 6. 6. Those people with many signs and symptoms have them more or less continuously and not all at once. 7. 7. Of any given number of days, half are symptomatic and half are nonsymptomatic, but when signs and symptoms occur, they do not affect work capacity or productivity and they do not require medical attention. 8. 8. There is a negative correlation between variability and magnitude of mean life change. 9. 9. There is no demonstrable relationship between occurrence of signs and symptoms and variability of life change. 10. 10. These data are consistent with several long term studies of life change and health change and suggest that minor health changes may be causally related to events requiring adaptive behavior.
Prospective evaluation of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by rest and exercise radionuclide angiography.

The role of rest and exercise radionuclide angiography (RNA) in predicting the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin was assessed prospectively in 48 patients who received a mean total doxorubicin dose of 522 mg/m2 (range 480 to 600). Thirty-three of these patients also received cyclophosphamide (mean 5,220 mg/m2). Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) at rest progressively decreased from the baseline value of 55 ± 9% to 52 ± 8% after 338 mg/m2 to 47 ± 8% after completion of doxorubicin therapy (p < 0.001). In 42 patients (88%) EF at rest decreased after doxorubicin administration. Although no patient had known prior heart disease, the EF response to exercise was abnormal in 11 patients before doxorubicin. EF at rest after doxorubicin was significantly lower (41 ± 6% vs 49 ± 8%, p < 0.02) in these 11 patients than in the 29 patients in whom the pretreatment EF response to exercise was normal, and in 4 of the 11 patients congestive heart failure developed. While age was an independent risk factor, cyclophosphamide did not appear to enhance the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. By multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.01) and EF at the midcourse of doxorubicin therapy (p < 0.001) were the most significant predictors of final EF after completion of doxorubicin therapy; neither rest nor exercise EF before doxorubicin appreciably improved the predictive value of age and EF at midcourse of therapy. Thus, some depression of LV function occurs in most patients receiving doxorubicin, and patients with abnormal baseline function appear to be at greater risk of clinical congestive heart failure after doxorubicin therapy. However, age and LVEF at the midcourse of doxorubicin treatment appear to be the most important determinants of subsequent LV function, and the clinical value of baseline testing before doxorubicin to predict LV function may be limited.
On the elastic buckling of rod-shaped particles in sheared suspensions

Abstract A correction of the original work by Forgacs and Mason describing the elastic buckling of rod-shaped particles in sheared suspensions is presented. Although the qualitative relationship among critical buckling conditions and the fiber aspect ratio and elastic modulus is unaltered, the new result for the predicted critical buckling condition shows that the resistance of suspended rods to buckling is more than five times greater than had been believed. Reexamination of experimental results using the corrected solution yielded mixed conclusions concerning the validity of the model. The agreement with results of the original experiments by Forgacs and Mason using Dacron fibers suspended in corn syrup and the new result was found to be excellent and quantitative. The results of experiments with glass fibers suspended in glucose solutions were found to be in poor agreement with predictions. The ability of the proposed result to account for an unusual degradation due to shearing in polystyrene melts of Kevlar 29 fibers was also found to be quantitative and excellent. The Kevlar fibers exhibited permanent bends spaced with a uniform spacing which was predicted by application of the new buckling relationship.
High-molecular-weight protein aggregates of calf and cow lens: spectroscopic evaluation.

Abstract To gain insight into the molecular features of the high-molecular-weight (HMW) fraction of soluble lens proteins and their changes in aging, we isolated this fraction from the nucleus of calf and cow lenses and measured fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) properties of the samples. Not only was there an increase in the HMW fraction in the older lens, but there was also an agerelated difference in tertiary structure that was clearly manifested in the fluorescence and CD parameters. The far-u.v. CD of low- and high-molecular-weight proteins do not differ significantly in band position and magnitude, but the near-u.v. CD of HMW protein does differ distinctly from that of all other crystallins (α, β and γ); the entire CD spectrum of this protein is displayed in the negative region. Millipore filtration further revealed that HMW aggregates are essentially a polydisperse population of different conformation (tertiary structure) and that these aggregates are associated by non-convalent interactions. This association is caused mainly by the apolar (hydrophobic) nature of the constituent protein, α-Crystallin has more hydrophobic domain along the peptide chain than do other crystallins and thus is likely to be the predominant protein in HMW aggregates.
A leave-one-feature-out wrapper method for feature selection in data classification

Feature selection has been an active research area in the past decades. The objective of feature selection includes improving prediction accuracy, accelerating classification speed, and gaining better understanding of the features. Feature selection methods are often divided into three categories: filter methods, wrapper methods, and embedded methods. In this paper, we propose a simple leave-one-feature-out wrapper method for feature selection. The main goal is to improve prediction accuracy. A distinctive feature of our method is that the number of cross validation trainings is a user controlled constant multiple of the number of features. The strategy can be applied to any classifiers and the idea is intuitive. Given the wide availability of off-the-shelf machine learning software packages and computing power, the proposed simple method may be particularly attractive to practitioners. Numerical experiments are included to show the simple usage and the effectiveness of the method.
Quaternary codes for partial-response channels

Quaternary codes for improving the reliability of baseband data transmission over noisy partial-response channels are proposed. These codes offer the spectral shaping properties of line codes, i.e. they exhibit spectral nulls at the frequencies where the channel transfer function has zeros, together with a significant increase in minimum Euclidean distance between allowed channel output sequences. Simple encoders and decoders for selected quaternary codes with a spectral null at DC are given for the dicode channel. The receiver employs soft-decision maximum-likelihood sequence estimation on the combined channel and FSTD (finite-state transition diagram) trellis followed by block decoding. The code design avoids long runs of identical symbols and limits the path memory of the Viterbi detector by eliminating all undesired sequences. Simulation results on the performance of 5B4Q, 8B6Q, and 9B6Q codes and their power spectral density are presented. >
SemEval-2012 Task 2: Measuring Degrees of Relational Similarity

Up to now, work on semantic relations has focused on relation classification: recognizing whether a given instance (a word pair such as virus:flu) belongs to a specific relation class (such as CAUSE:EFFECT). However, instances of a single relation class may still have significant variability in how characteristic they are of that class. We present a new SemEval task based on identifying the degree of prototypicality for instances within a given class. As a part of the task, we have assembled the first dataset of graded relational similarity ratings across 79 relation categories. Three teams submitted six systems, which were evaluated using two methods.
Analytical models for leakage power estimation of memory array structures

There is a growing need for accurate power models at the system level. Memory structures such as caches, Branch Target Buffers (BTBs), and register files occupy significant area in contemporary SoC designs and are the main contributors to system leakage power dissipation. Existing models for leakage power estimation in array structures typically use coefficients derived from elaborate SPICE simulations. However, these methodologies are not applicable to array designs in a newer technology, that require power estimates early in the design cycle. In this paper, we propose analytical models for array structures that are based only on high level design parameters. Assuming typical circuit implementation styles, we identify the transistors that contribute to the leakage power in each array sub-circuit and develop models as a function of the operation (read/write/idle) on the array and organizational parameters of the array. The developed models are validated by comparing their estimates against the leakage power measured using SPICE simulations on industrial array designs belonging to the e5001 processor core. The comparison shows that the models are accurate with an error margin of less than 21.5% and thus can be used in high-level power-performance exploration. Interestingly, in array designs with dual threshold voltage technology, we observed that contrary to the general expectation, the array memory core contributes to just 9% and the address decoder contributes to as much as 62% of the total leakage power.
The pro‐metastatic role of bone marrow‐derived cells: a focus on MSCs and regulatory T cells

Several bone marrow-derived cells have been shown to promote tumour growth and progression. These cells can home to the primary tumour and become active components of the tumour microenvironment. Recent studies have also identified bone marrow-derived cells—such as mesenchymal stem cells and regulatory T cells—as contributors to cancer metastasis. The innate versatility of these cells provides diverse functional aid to promote malignancy, ranging from structural support to signal-mediated suppression of the host immune response. Here, we review the role of mesenchymal stem cells and regulatory T cells in cancer metastasis. A better understanding of the bipolar nature of these bone marrow-derived cells in physiological and malignant contexts could pave the way for new therapeutics against metastatic disease.
Language and identities in US communities of Italian origin

In this article I discuss relationships between language use and identity among Italian Americans. I argue that the study of identities needs to abandon essentialist stances that are particularly c...
Joint Stream Control and Scheduling in Multihop Wireless Networks with MIMO Links

MIMO links can significantly improve network throughput by supporting multiple concurrent data streams between a pair of nodes and suppressing wireless interference. In this paper, we formally define a new cross-layer optimization problem for MIMO-based multihop wireless networks, which is referred to as the joint stream control and scheduling problem (SCSP). We first present a constant factor approximation algorithm to solve the SCSP. In addition, we present a heuristic algorithm to improve the performance further, which is shown to be efficient in practice by our numerical results.
Access to primary care services among the homeless: a synthesis of the literature using the equity of access to medical care framework.

Objective: To identify barriers and facilitators to primary care access among the homeless using the Equity of Access to Medical Care Framework and to provide recommendations for medical and public health practitioners to improve health among this underserved population. Methods: A quasi-systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Study elements from articles in the final analysis were extracted and categorized into dimensions of access from the Framework. Results: The review identified multiple barriers to primary care access for the homeless. This included lack of insurance coverage and competing priorities. Facilitators to access included tailored health care delivery systems and having a regular source of care. Conclusion: This review provides evidence that health policy initiatives, patient-centered care, and targeted interventions can assist with improving primary care access among the homeless.
High performance open-loop AM modulator designed for power control of E-GPRS polar modulated power amplifier

An E-GPRS power amplifier controller, designed in a 5 V 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, is presented. Based on an open-loop polar modulation transmitter strategy for both GMSK in GSM and 8PSK in EDGE, the power control for both ramping and modulation depth is provided from collector supply control, and critical power amplifier (PA) temperature and process variability is compensated through the use of an automated bias calibration procedure detailed herein. Leveraging the architecture's capability for removal of transmit SAW filters, removal of isolators and maintenance of critical adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and error vector magnitude (EVM) performance into PA output mismatched impedance environments, the controller provides excellent linearity for higher power 8PSK power, and performance of transient spectrum due to switching even when run into the battery headroom limit of the supply rail.
Hemodialysis Treatment of Methanol Intoxication

Hemodialysis was undertaken to treat methanol intoxication in a patient with intravascular hemolysis, myoglobinuria, systemic acidosis, renal insufficiency, retinal abnormalities, and a blood methanol level of 400 mg/dl, 29 h after methanol ingestion. Sixteen hours of treatment were required to achieve safe blood levels. Calculated methanol removal was 218 g, or 73% of the ingested dose, and extraordinarily large volumes of ethanol were required to maintain blood levels greater than 100 mg/dl. All the manifestations of methanol poisoning were reversed and there were no permanent sequelae. It is concluded that, if methanol levels remain high, even significantly delayed institution of hemodialysis can be beneficial. The treatment may need to be quite prolonged, and the amount of ethanol administered should be individualized according to the patient's blood levels.
Habits of Grains in Dense Polycrystalline Solids

We show here that the boundaries of individual grains in dense polycrystals prefer certain crystallographic habit planes, almost as if they were independent of the neighboring crystals. In MgO, SrTiO3, MgAl2O4, TiO2, and aluminum, the specific habit planes within the polycrystal correspond to the same planes that dominate the external growth forms and equilibrium shapes of isolated crystals of the same phase. The observations decrease the apparent complexity of interfacial networks and suggest that the mechanisms of solid-state grain growth may be analogous to conventional crystal growth. The results also indicate that a model for grain-boundary energy and structure based on grain surface relationships is more appropriate than the widely accepted models based on lattice orientation relationships.
Cholesterol depletion suppresses the translational diffusion of class II major histocompatibility complex proteins in the plasma membrane.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked and native major histocompatibility complex class II I-E k were used as probes to determine the effect of varying cholesterol concentration on the mobility of proteins in the plasma membrane. These proteins were imaged in Chinese hamster ovary cells using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Observed diffusion coefficients of both native and GPI-linked I-E k proteins were found to depend on cholesterol concentration. As the cholesterol concentration decreases the diffusion coefficients decrease by up to a factor of 7 for native and 5 for GPI-linked I-E k . At low cholesterol concentrations, after sphingomyelinase treatment, the diffusion coefficients are reduced by up to a factor of 60 for native and 190 for GPI-linked I-E k . The effect is reversible on cholesterol reintroduction. Diffusion at all studied cholesterol concentrations, for both proteins, appears to be predominantly Brownian for time lags up to 2.5 s when imaged at 10 Hz. A decrease in diffusion coefficients is observed for other membrane proteins and lipid probes, DiIC12 and DiIC18. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements shows that the fraction of immobile lipid probe increases from 8 to ;40% after cholesterol extraction. These results are consistent with the previous work on cholesterol-phospholipid interactions. That is, cholesterol extraction destroys liquid cholesterol-phospholipid complexes, leaving solid-like high melting phospholipid domains that inhibit the lateral diffusion of membrane components.
Maya cosmopolitans: engaging tactics and strategies in the performance of tourism

Maya heritage is embraced throughout Yucatan as a crucial component of tourism promotions. This, coupled with an emphasis on multiculturalism, makes the state itself a local actor in the marketing of Maya identity through the creation and funding of community-based tourism projects. This article discusses the shifting role of the state in shaping these communities, referencing a Maya village in the Mexican state of Yucatan as the context. The aim is an understanding of the articulation of local tactics to conceal cosmopolitanism while remaining competent in the eyes of funding agencies and the strategies employed by the state that reinforce the importance of performance for tourists. The desire on the part of state creates situations in which individuals are expected to exist in concurrent states of authenticity and modernity, as both traditional and cosmopolitan.
Employment effects of mergers and acquisitions in the United States by sector

This article studies the employment effects of mergers and acquisitions in the manufacturing, financial and service sectors of the US economy using annual time series data from 1978 to 2008. An empirical model is developed in which average wages per hour and the total value of mergers and acquisitions are the explanatory variables, with the number of people employed as the dependent variable. Before estimating the model, the time series properties of the data are diagnosed. The estimated results suggest that mergers and acquisitions have helped to increase employment in both the short-run as well as in the long-run in all three sectors of the economy. To ensure the robustness of the finding, a panel data set is created and the model is re-estimated using the fixed effects estimator. The finding is consistent with the sectoral results.
ViBES: virtual backbone for energy saving in wireless sensor networks

Prolonged lifetime, robustness and scalability are important requirements in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper we show that via the energy-efficient construction of a connected backbone and a simple stateless routing over the backbone, it is possible to achieve these desired goals. We present a ns2 simulation-based comparison between data dissemination in WSNs when a) each sensor routes the sensed data to the sinks directly (flat network organization), and b) a backbone is constructed on top of the flat network topology and only a few nodes are in charge of data delivery to the sinks (hierarchical organization, here termed ViBES: virtual backbone for energy saving). Multiple targets (i.e., moving nodes) are allowed to roam throughout the network of static sensors. Simulations are performed on networks of increasing densities where up to 3 targets are identified and reported to up to 3 sinks. Our results show that routing through the backbone increases the network lifetime up to seven times over the flat network organization where network lifetime is defined as a) the time till the first node dies because of energy depletion, b) the time required for a given percentage of the network nodes to die, and c) the time required for the network to get disconnected.
Teaching as a Two-Way Street: Discontinuities among Metaphors, Images, and Classroom Realities

What went well in the lesson? I don't think much of it did. I wasn't happy with my lesson. I couldn't get the right questions. My questions were good and I got them thinking. They came up with lots...
Clinical experience with L-asparaginase.

Inhibition of acute leukemia in man by L-asparaginase was first reported in 1967 [7, 10]. As larger enzyme supplies became available, clinical trials have been conducted by several groups of investigators, and the therapeutic activity as well as toxic effects have been evaluated in patients with many types of neoplastic disease [1–8, 10–17]. This report is an account of the experience gained over a period of 2½ years at the Memorial Hospital in New York.
On Using Circuit-Switched Networks for File Transfers

High-speed optical circuit-switched networks are being deployed to support highly demanding applications in the eScience research community. File transfers were identified as an ideal application for high-speed circuits because such transfers can utilize any rate, limited only by end-host capabilities. This paper addresses the question of how a circuit-switched network can be shared efficiently amongst many users for file transfers. Specifically, we study the question of how much bandwidth should be allocated per file transfer so that the system performance averaged across all flows is optimal in terms of mean response time. We explore a heterogeneous bandwidth-allocation scheme, in which bandwidth is allocated based on file sizes, as well as a homogeneous scheme, in which all transfers are allocated the same amount of bandwidth. Our analytical results show that bandwidth allocation should be based on loading conditions. Under low loads, we recommend a homogeneous scheme and each call should be allocated a high-bandwidth circuit. However, under high loads, small files should be allocated low-bandwidth circuits and large files high-bandwidth circuits; this heterogeneous bandwidth-allocation scheme results in a one-to-three orders of magnitude reduction in mean response time.
Knowledge Change as a Function of Mathematics Experience: All Contexts are Not Created Equal

This study investigated how understanding of the equal sign changes as a function of experience in mathematics and variations in context. Students with different levels of mathematics experience (elementary school, seventh grade, undergraduate, and graduate) were randomly assigned to view the equal sign in one of three contexts: (a) equal sign alone, =; (b) typical addition problem, 4+8+5+4=_ _; or (c)equivalence problem, 4+8+5=4+_ _.Students were asked to define the equal sign and to rate six fictitious students’ definitions of the equal sign. Elementary school students interpreted the equal sign as an operational symbol meaning the answer or the total in all contexts, whereas undergraduate and graduate students viewed it as a relational symbol of equivalence in all contexts. Seventh-grade students interpreted the equal sign as an operational symbol in the alone and addition contexts but as a relational symbol of equivalence in the equivalence context. Results highlight that the shape of knowledge change depends on the context in which the knowledge is elicited. Furthermore, the context may influence whether newly emerging ideas are activated.
Protein Subcellular Relocalization Increases the Retention of Eukaryotic Duplicate Genes

Gene duplication is widely accepted as a key evolutionary process, leading to new genes and novel protein functions. By providing the raw genetic material necessary for functional expansion, the mechanisms that involve the retention and functional diversification of duplicate genes are one of the central topics in evolutionary and comparative genomics. One proposed source of retention and functional diversification is protein subcellular relocalization (PSR). PSR postulates that changes in the subcellular location of eukaryotic duplicate proteins can positively modify function and therefore be beneficial to the organism. As such, PSR would promote retention of those relocalized duplicates and result in significantly lower death rates compared with death rates of nonrelocalized duplicate pairs. We surveyed both relocalized and nonrelocalized duplicate proteins from the available genomes and proteomes of 59 eukaryotic species and compared their relative death rates over a Ks range between 0 and 1. Using the Cox proportional hazard model, we observed that the death rates of relocalized duplicate pairs were significantly lower than the death rates of the duplicates without relocalization in most eukaryotic species examined in this study. These observations suggest that PSR significantly increases retention of duplicate genes and that it plays an important, but currently underappreciated, role in the evolution of eukaryotic genomes.
Reduction-based schedulability analysis of distributed systems with cycles in the task graph

A significant problem with no simple solutions in current real-time literature is analyzing the end-to-end schedulability of tasks in distributed systems with cycles in the task graph. Prior approaches including network calculus and holistic schedulability analysis work best for acyclic task flows. They involve iterative solutions or offer no solutions at all when flows are non-acyclic. This paper demonstrates the construction of the first generalized closed-form expression for schedulability analysis in distributed task systems with non-acyclic flows. The approach is a significant extension to our previous work on schedulability in Directed Acyclic Graphs. Our main result is a bound on end-to-end delay for a task in a distributed system with non-acyclic task flows. The delay bound allows one of several schedulability tests to be performed. Using the end-to-end delay bound, we extend the delay composition algebra developed for acyclic distributed systems in prior work, to handle loops in the task graph as well. Evaluation shows that the schedulability tests thus constructed are less pessimistic than prior approaches for large distributed systems.
Effect of Frequency and Method of Feeding on Performance of Lactating Dairy Cattle

Abstract Twelve animals were randomly assigned to four treatment sequences, to evaluate frequency of feeding and feeding the roughage separately from the concentrate. The treatments were 1) complete ration fed twice daily at 7 am and 1 pm 2) roughage fed at 7 am , concentrate at 1 pm , 3) complete ration fed four times daily at 7 am , 10 am , 1 pm , and 4 pm , and 4) roughage fed at 7 am , concentrate at 10 am , roughage at 1 pm , and concentrate at 4 pm .
Heat conduction in granular materials

Heat transfer in particulate systems is important to a vast array of industries, yet is poorly understood even in the simplest case—conduction through the solid phase. This is due in part to the stress and contact heterogeneities inherent to these systems. Heat conduction in a packet bed of cylinders is investigated both experimentally and computationally. A novel model is developed based on the Discrete Element Method, which not only sheds light on fundamental issues in heat conduction in particles, but also provides a valuable test bed for existing theories. By explicitly modeling individual particles within the bulk material, bed heterogeneities are directly included, and dynamic temperature distributions are obtained at the particle level. Comparison with experiments shows that this model yields a quantitatively accurate temperature field without the need for adjustable parameters or detailed microstructural information. This simple system may also provide insight into such phenomena as reactor hot spot formation and spontaneous combustion of bulk reactive materials.
Poetry and Ethnography: A Dialogical Approach

Every act of speech or writing has a poetic dimension. This applies to discourse among ethnograpic others, dialogues between others and ethnographers, and ethnographic speaking and writing. Beginning in the 1930s, anthropologists separated ethnographic issues from linguistic and poetic ones, and the critique of representations has focused on the ethnographic side of the divide. Field encounters are treated as if they took place in a world of pure presence, with representational distortions coming afterwards. Yet one of the most widespread poetic practices among the others calls attention to the lack of transparency in langauge. The dialogical potential of language is used to balance each representation with an alternative representation, producing poetry that is built on a process of translation rather than made to resist translation.
Environmental conditions and catch rates of predatory fishes associated with a mass mortality on the West Florida Shelf

Abstract While conducting a standardized fisheries-independent longline survey in the northern Gulf of Mexico on August 20–21, 2014, dead and/or moribund fishes, estimated to number in the thousands, were observed within a well-defined area of the West Florida Shelf. Fishes from 15 families were identified; however, numerous individuals of relatively large-bodied serranid species were decomposed beyond a state that would allow for identification below the family level. Based on survey catch data from previous years and morphological characteristics associated with the decomposing fishes, it was determined that most of the large unidentified fishes were red grouper ( Epinephelus morio ). Water profiler cast data collected within the area demonstrated that when compared to previous years (1995–2013) bottom temperature and salinity were consistent with what would be expected; however, dissolved oxygen concentration was lower than normal, and in some cases, hypoxic and chlorophyll a and transmissivity values were anomalously high and low, respectively. Hypoxia, high chlorophyll a concentrations and low transmissivity are thought to have resulted from a bloom of Karenia brevis , which was documented to have occurred in close proximity to the sampling area. As necropsies were not performed, it was not possible to state a definitive cause of death as the effects of brevetoxins are species-specific. However, numerous individuals of most impacted species were observed floating incapacitated, yet alive, in normoxic surface waters suggesting that the impacts we observed were due to the neurotoxicological and/or hemolytic effects of a harmful algal bloom.
Histidines 138 and 143 are copper binding ligands in Chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase.

Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) from Chromobacterium violaceum (CV) is known to bind an equivalent of divalent copper.1 Studies using pulsed EPR spectroscopy2 have suggested that there are two equatorial imidazoles coordinated to Cu(II) of CV PAH. This observation has been supported by copper-histidine model complexes of the active site3 and more recently by X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the copper containing enzyme.4 We have used a combination of site directed mutagenesis and pulsed EPR spectroscopy to probe the copper binding site of CV PAH and identify the Cu(II) ligands.
Design of Novel Cell Penetrating Peptides

The use of peptides, proteins, drugs and oligonucleotides as intracellular therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools is limited by poor cellular uptake. In an attempt to overcome this limitation transportant peptides have been designed with the ability to translocate across the lipid bilayer and deliver covalently bound cargo to the cytoplasm and nucleus [1,2]. Transportants may be generally divided into two categories: cationic (polyarginine, HIV Tat48–57 penetratin, transportan) and hydrophobic (lipo-peptides, signal sequences). However, associated poor solubility or cytotoxicity deem it desirable to develop new transportants.
Coincidence charged-current neutrino-induced deuteron disintegration

Seventh Framework Programme (European Commission) (Marie Curie Outgoing Fellowship (ELECTROWEAK))
A Review on Diffusion of Mixed Methods in Management Research

Mixed methods emerged in western academic research in the 1980s which matches qualitative with quantitative research approaches and therefore allows researchers to explore complicated phenomena in a comprehensive and scientific way. Application of this method in management research turn out academic and practical significance in enriching management research paradigm in China,improving the discipline development of management,and constructing the methodology of management research to solve practical problems.
Incidence of hyperuricemia and its influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly retirees

Objective To analyze the related risk factors for hyperuricemia by investigating its incidence in middle-aged and elderly retirees.Methods A total of 5412middle-aged and elderly retirees undergoing health check were included in this study.Hyperuricemia and its related risk factors were investigated with questionnaires.The patients underging physical examination and biochemical tests were divided into hyperuricemia group(n=1581)and normal uric acid group(n=3831).Influencing factors for hyperuricemia were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression analysis.Results The incidence of hyperuricemia was 29.21%in the 5412retirees undergoing physical examination and higher in males than in females(37.87%vs 24.98%,P=0.000).The incidence of overweight,abnormal blood glucose,renal insufficiency,hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia,and the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen,AST,HDL-C and LDL-C were significantly higher in hyperuricemia group than in normal uric acid group(P0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex,overweight,renal insufficiency,hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia and elevated serum blood urea nitrogen level were the risk factors for hyperuricemia(P0.01).Conclusion The incidence of hyperuricemia is rather high in middle-aged and elderly retirees who should thus receive combined treatment.
The role of polysomnography in the differential diagnosis of chronic insomnia.

The authors examined the accuracy of the differential diagnosis of chronic insomnia with and without sleep laboratory studies in a consecutive series of 123 patients. All patients were evaluated by means of a sleep/wake log, a sleep habits questionnaire, structured psychiatric and clinical interviews, and a minimum of two consecutive nights ofpolysomnography. Notwithstanding a high rate of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)-diagnosed psychopathology (63%) in this sampie, the major finding was that in 49% of the patients laboratory results added to, refuted, and/or failed to support the clinical impression. This resulted in substantial modification of the initial diagnostic formulation and therefore in increased specificity of diagnosis. (Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145:346-349)
Characterization of the processed form of a ubiquitous protein displaying a variable membrane organization in erythroid cells

We recently identified a group of proteins that are present in all hematopoietic cells but are organized in the cell membrane of erythrocytes in a lineage-specific fashion (Blood 61:803, 1983). One of these polypeptides has a mol wt of approximately 37,000 (p37T) when translated in vitro from messenger RNA (mRNA) extracted from the erythroleukemic K562 cell line. The membrane-associated form of the p37 translation product has been analyzed in detail here. When detergent lysates prepared from biosynthetically labeled K562 cells were reacted with an antiserum containing anti-p37T antibodies, one of the proteins immunoprecipitated had a nominal mol wt of 36,000 to 37,000 (p37M). Several results suggest that this protein is homologous to the p37 translation product: (1) the protein, like the mRNA coding for the p37 translation product, was expressed in cell lines with diverse differentiated phenotypes; (2) the antigenic determinant(s) on p37M and p37T are oriented to the inner surface of the erythrocyte membrane while being oriented to the outer surface of erythroleukemic cells; and (3) one-dimensional peptide maps show homology between p37M and p37T. P37M does not appear to possess an N-terminal leader sequence that is proteolytically cleaved as the molecule is inserted into the membrane. In addition, p37M is not glycosylated.
Endothelial Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase 4 Is Critical for Lymphatic Vascular Development and Function

The molecular mechanisms underlying lymphatic vascular development and function are not well understood. Recent studies have suggested a role for endothelial cell (EC) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (Map4k4) in developmental angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. Here, we show that constitutive loss of EC Map4k4 in mice causes postnatal lethality due to chylothorax, suggesting that Map4k4 is required for normal lymphatic vascular function. Mice constitutively lacking EC Map4k4 displayed dilated lymphatic capillaries, insufficient lymphatic valves, and impaired lymphatic flow; furthermore, primary ECs derived from these animals displayed enhanced proliferation compared with controls. Yeast 2-hybrid analyses identified the Ras GTPase-activating protein Rasa1, a known regulator of lymphatic development and lymphatic endothelial cell fate, as a direct interacting partner for Map4k4. Map4k4 silencing in ECs enhanced basal Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activities, and primary ECs lacking Map4k4 displayed enhanced lymphatic EC marker expression. Taken together, these results reveal that EC Map4k4 is critical for lymphatic vascular development by regulating EC quiescence and lymphatic EC fate.
Representation & Interpretation of Biosensing

My work explores interactions with physiological signals in daily life. I develop alternative representations of these signals and study experiences and interpretations around these artifacts, leveraging material properties to create new associations and interpretations. Through broadening the design space around biosensing, I probe what relationships with physiological data might mean for our social relationships and sense of self.
Diagnosis and Management of Fourth Nerve Palsy in Children

The fourth cranial nerve (the trochlear nerve) innervates the superior oblique (SO) muscle, which intorts, depresses, and abducts the eye. Palsy of the trochlear nerve can be acquired or congenital. While trauma, microvascular insult, increased intracranial pressure, compression, and stroke are well-known causes of acquired fourth nerve palsy, the pathophysiology of the congenital form is more complex. Correction in the amblyogenic age group is imperative if amblyopia develops although many children are able to compensate for the deviation. In an effort to fuse, some develop head tilts, which at a young age can lead to torticollis. Older individuals with well-controlled congenital palsy can decompensate overtime and develop diplopia. Management of these patients depends on the etiology, degree of deviation, development of amblyopia, presence of diplopia, and laterality. This chapter discusses diagnostic and management guidelines of acquired and congenital fourth cranial nerve palsy.
The Nature of Experience

We have seen that in the largest sense, man is an experiencer or proceiver—an active individual, directively, propulsively and cumulatively related to the world in which he lives. As such he relates to his world in two predominant ways—as an active manipulator, a transformer of events, a participant in directed change and achievement, and as a passive accepter of the world he finds, the things which impose themselves on him. As the many verbs of our language indicate, experience is an active appropriation and manipulation of subject matters and procepts. But while he is always acting and producing, this is not the only significant way in which a man relates to the things of his world. He is not only actively manipulative, but he stands in relation to the things he encounters. He undergoes the active relation of things to him. In the largest sense, he assimilates the world in which he acts and experiences, for this is not his to determine. Not only is he an active participant in experience, but he also is receptive to the impact of things upon him. In every situation there are elements which must be simply accepted for what they are.
Mitral Valve Surgery in The Elderly: Should We Treat Atrial Fibrillation Too?

BACKGROUND The study aim was to examine whether concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) surgery at the time of mitral valve surgery in the elderly results in increased operative mortality (OM). METHODS Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years undergoing primary mitral valve repair or replacement between 2004 and 2006 were included. The cohort was divided into three groups: Group 1, AF- (n = 2,705); group 2, AF+AF surgery- (n = 2,119), and group 3, AF+AF surgery+ (n = 1,832). The primary outcomes were OM and long-term survival. A secondary outcome was the association between hospital annual mitral procedure volume and OM. RESULTS The unadjusted OM was 6.4% for group 1 (AF-), 10.3% for group 2 (AF+AF surgery-), and 7.1% for group 3 (AF+AF surgery+) (p = 0.0001). Adjusted OM for AF+AF surgery+ patients was not significantly different from that of AF- patients (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.90-1.48), or from AF+AF surgery patients (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.66-1.06). When comparisons were adjusted for differences in baseline characteristics, AF+AF surgery- patients were more likely to experience long-term mortality than AF- patients (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.17-1.45), as well as AF+AF surgery+ patients (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.31). An annual average mitral procedure volume ≤40 was independently predictive of OM (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.13-1.78). The effect of institutional volume on mortality was strongest in those who received AF surgery (AF+AF surgery+) (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.15-2.65), compared to those who did not undergo surgery (AF+AF surgery-) (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.86-1.67). CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients undergoing mitral valve surgery do not appear to have an increased mortality when clinical judgment favored the performance of concomitant AF surgery.
Pedagogical Differences during a Science and Language Intervention for English Language Learners

The purpose of this study was to compare and describe 8 fifth-grade classrooms by their teachers pedagogy during a quasiexperimental, longitudinal, and field-based project focused on increasing Eng...
Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Pectus Excavatum

Recent advancements in cardiac imaging have demonstrated the pivotal role of the right ventricle (RV) with respect to overall cardiac function. The RV differs significantly from the left ventricle (LV) in its embryonic origin, morphology, physiology and response to abnormal hemodynamic parameters within the heart. Due to the anterior location within the chest and mediastinum, deformities of the chest wall, such as pectus excavatum, an invagination of the sternum leading to decreased sternospinal distance, can have significant consequence upon RV structure and function. Evaluation of the right ventricle in symptomatic patients with pectus excavatum is imperative in order to inform the timing of corrective surgery, and to potentially avoid surgery in those patients in whom cardiac function is preserved. Advances in cardiac imaging, such as quantitative echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, play key roles in evaluating the RV in the modern era. These novel modalities in cardiac imaging assist clinicians in both diagnosing and serially monitoring RV functional deterioration in patients with chest wall diseases.
Vector quantizer design for speech signal compression

This paper analyses various speech signals and designs a vector quantizer for one of the signals. The quantizer's performance is studied over other speech signals with similar characteristics. It is concluded that the quantizer performs very well over all datasets. However, the quantizer performance degrades only by reduction in quantization levels.
Comics in the English classroom: a guide to teaching comics across English studies

This project contributes to recent work on comics in composition studies and education, which notes that comics are more than a simple or accessible gateway to text-based literacy. I argue for the ...