cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heavy Flavored Jet Modification at CMS

Abstract The energy loss of jets in heavy-ion collisions is expected to depend on the flavor of the fragmenting parton. Thus, measurements of jet quenching as a function of flavor place powerful constraints on the thermodynamical and transport properties of the hot and dense medium. Specifically, pPb measurements provide crucial insights into the behavior of the cold nuclear matter effect, which is required to fully understand the hot and dense medium effects on jets in PbPb collisions. In these proceedings, we present the heavy flavor jet spectra and measurements of the nuclear modification factors of b jets in both PbPb and pPb as a function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, at s N N = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV, respectively. In addition, we present the first ever measurement of charm-tagged jets in a heavy-ion environment, including cross-sections and comparisons to PYTHIA in both pPb and pp.
Dual role of glucocorticoids in regulation of pituitary content and secretion of gonadotropins

To verify the inhibitory effect of cortisol (F) on secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) 24 h postorchidectomy, we implanted cholesterol (C) or F subcutaneously into male rats, and 4 days later orchidectomized or sham orchidectomized them under ether anesthesia. We injected gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or saline into these rats 24 h postorchidectomy, collected blood 30 min later, and measured LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum and pituitaries. F inhibited GnRH-induced secretion of LH without affecting secretion of FSH. We then implanted C, corticosterone (B), or F into rats, performed the same surgeries, and collected pituitaries 24 h after surgery for quantitation of receptors for GnRH. Neither F nor B affected the number of receptors for GnRH or their affinity for a GnRH analogue. Suppression of LH in serum occurred without decreased pituitary content of LH. In contrast, F increased pituitary content of FSH. Implantation of progesterone in a similar experiment did not affect circulating concentrations or pituitary contents of FSH or LH. These data suggest that glucocorticoids may inhibit responsiveness to GnRH by some mechanism distal to the receptor for GnRH that affects only LH.
Tax Policy and the Size of Government

Measuring the size of government is not simple. Standard measures omit important aspects of government action such as the many deductions, credits, and other tax preferences used to influence resource allocation. We argue that many tax preferences are effectively spending. Traditional measures of government size thus understate both spending and revenues. Reductions in spending-like tax preferences are tax increases in traditional budget accounting but are effectively spending reductions; increasing marginal tax rates raises both taxes and spending in our expanded measure. Some tax increases thus reduce government, while others expand it.
Capturing and visualizing event flow graphs of MPI applications

A high-level understanding of how an application executes and which performance characteristics it exhibits is essential in many areas of high performance computing, such as application optimization, hardware development, and system procurement. Tools are needed to help users in uncovering the application characteristics, but current approaches are unsuitable to help develop a structured understanding of program execution akin to flow charts. Profiling tools are efficient in terms of overheads but their way of recording performance data discards temporal information. Tracing preserves all the temporal information but distilling the essential high level structures, such as initialization and iteration phases can be challenging and cumbersome. We present a technique that extends an existing profiling tool to capture event flow graphs of MPI applications. Event flow graphs try to strike a balance between the abundance of data contained in full traces and the concise information profiling tools can deliver with low overheads. We describe our technique for efficiently gathering an event flow graph for each process of an MPI application and for combining these graphs into a single application-level flow graph. We explore ways to reduce the complexity of the graphs by collapsing nodes in a step-by-step fashion and present techniques to explore flow graphs interactively.
Mindfulness and Nutrition in College Age Students

Primary Objective : The obesity rate among young Americans is now almost 25% with higher rates found in minority populations; lack of exercise and poor eating habits are some of the leading causes. The collegiate environment provides a unique opportunity to share nutrition-related knowledge while enhancing studentsâ€™ awareness, both of which may ultimately lead to changes in health-related behaviors. Mindful eating is associated with a lower Body Mass Index (BMI) and an increased intake of fruits and vegetables. A semester-long nutrition course may result in an increased awareness of eating patterns and may be associated with improvements in dietary intake over time. Methods : Of the 38 students registered for a college-level nutrition course held during an almost four-month-long-semester, 37 self-selected to complete an anonymous Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) before and after taking the nutrition course; the participants also answered two open-ended questions for qualitative data collection post-test. Results : Of the 37 students 22 were female and 16 male between the ages of 18 and 24; 35 % self-identified as African American, 29% self-identified as white, 22% as self-identified as Latino/Hispanic, 10% self-identified as other and 2% self-identified as Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. No significant change in the MEQ score occurred from pre to post-test; however, there was a trend towards improvement. The studentsâ€™ answers to open-ended questions regarding any shifts in understanding, approach, or changes in eating habits, revealed overwhelming increases in mindful eating and dietary changes Conclusions : A collegiate course taught over a semester is a unique opportunity to introduce nutrition information, emphasizing the connection between nutrition, optimal health, and disease prevention. A studentâ€™s exposure to nutrition information while also observing their own eating patterns over time can provide a non-judgmental informed space that allows for the development of a heightened awareness. In turn, the heightened awareness can lead to changes in eating behaviors as evidenced here.
From transient infection to chronic disease

An infection is considered to be resolved when the causative microbe has been cleared and host structure and function return to normal—except, perhaps, for a scar in the affected tissue. In a recent study, da Fonseca et al. ( 1 ) argue that some resolved infections leave scars of another sort—longlasting immune dysfunction. The authors propose that “immunologic scarring” by resolved infections may account for a wide range of chronic diseases.
Pepper Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Preferences for Specific Pepper Cultivars, Plant Parts, Fruit Colors, Fruit Sizes, and Timing.

Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are an important crop in the USA, with about 32,000 ha cultivated in 2007, which resulted in $588 million in farm revenue. The pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most troublesome insect pest of peppers in the southern United States. It is therefore urgent to find different vulnerabilities of pepper cultivars, fruit and plants parts, fruit colors and sizes, and timing to infestation by A. eugenii. Also relevant is testing whether fruit length and infestation state affect fruit numbers, weights, and proportions of fruit that are infested. Counts of A. eugenii adults and marks from oviposition and feeding suggested that C. chinense Jacquin “Habanero” was least susceptible, and C. annuum L. cultivars “SY” and “SR” were most susceptible. Comparison of plant parts and fruit sizes revealed that A. eugenii preferred the peduncle, calyx, and top of pepper fruits over the middle, bottom, leaves, or remainder of flowers. Anthonomus eugenii does not discriminate between green or yellow fruit color nor vary diurnally in numbers. Based on adult counts, medium to extra-large fruits (≥1.5 cm long) attracted more weevils than small fruits (<1.5 cm). However based on proportions of fruit numbers or fruit weights that were infested, there were no differences between large and small fruits. Choice of pepper cultivar can thus be an important part of an IPM cultural control program designed to combat A. eugenii by reduced susceptibility or by synchronous fruit drop of infested fruits. Our results are potentially helpful in developing scouting programs including paying particular attention to the preferred locations of adults and their sites of feeding and oviposition on the fruit. The results also suggested the potential value of spraying when the fruits are still immature to prevent and control infestation.
Some Principles of Giving and Receiving Feedback

This brief summary of John Anderson's article "Giving and Receiving Feedback" is intended for those who wish to use the principles but do not want to wade through the entire text. The first page lists principles of giving feedback, and the second page lists principles of receiving feedback.
Atomic Insight into the Lithium Storage and Diffusion Mechanism of SiO2/Al2O3 Electrodes of Lithium Ion Batteries: ReaxFF Reactive Force Field Modeling

Atomically deposited layers of SiO2 and Al2O3 have been recognized as promising coating materials to buffer the volumetric expansion and capacity retention upon the chemo-mechanical cycling of the nanostructured silicon- (Si-) based electrodes. Furthermore, silica (SiO2) is known as a promising candidate for the anode of next-generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its superior specific charge capacity and low discharge potential similar to Si anodes. In order to describe Li-transport in mixed silica/alumina/silicon systems we developed a ReaxFF potential for Li–Si–O–Al interactions. Using this potential, a series of hybrid grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were carried out to probe the lithiation behavior of silica structures. The Li transport through both crystalline and amorphous silica was evaluated using the newly optimized force field. The anisotropic diffusivity of Li in crystalline silica cases is demonstrated. The ReaxFF diffusion study also verifies...
Performance of acclimatized mice at altitude.

SummaryMice acclimatized to one altitude (350 mm Hg) showed an increase in performance when exposed to a higher altitude (247 mm Hg) as compared with ground level controls. When acclimatized mice are bled they showed a decrease in their performance level. This decrease in performance is not in proportion to the blood withdrawn indicating that an increase in hemoglobin concentration is probably not the sole criterion for an increase in performance at altitude.
Abstract PL03-03: ER stress and TNF signaling control the progression from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

In addition to insulin resistance and type II diabetes, the obesity epidemic had resulted in a large increase in the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which ranges in its manifestations from simple steatosis without liver inflammation and fibrosis to NASH, which is accompanied by liver damage and fibrosis. The mechanisms that govern the progression from simple steatosis to NASH are obscure, but are thought to depend on secondary risk factors that act together with obesity. To study these mechanisms we have developed a new mouse model of NASH which closely mimics all of the features of human NASH. This model is based on the feeding of MUP-uPA mice, which specifically express urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in their hepatocytes. Unlike wild type mice, which only develop simple steatosis and insulin resistance after feeding with high fat diet (HFD), MUP-uPA mice on HFD exhibit pronounced liver damage, inflammation, fibrosis and all the classical signs of NASH. The key factors that drive NASH pathogenesis in MUP-uPA mice on HFD are ER stress and excessive TNF production. Interestingly, activation of type I TNF receptor (TNFR1) also controls lipogenesis and steatosis in MUP-uPA mice. Both ER stress and TNFR1 signaling appear to be suitable therapeutic targets for the prevention of NASH and inhibition of its progression to steatotic hepatocellular carcinoma. Citation Format: Michael Karin. ER stress and TNF signaling control the progression from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr PL03-03.
A Schedule for the Study of Somatic Chromosomes in Bromus

Clean healthy roots are obtained by excising a few tillers very close to their point of emergence from the base of a larger plant and then growing them in vermiculite to which is periodically added a quantity of a complete mineral nutrient solution, sufficient to keep the medium moist. The roots are treated, while still intact on the living plant, with 0.0015 M 8-hydroxyquinoline for 4 hours at 18°C. At the end of treatment, the roots are excised and placed in 45% acetic acid for approximately 5 minutes, after which the root-tips are stained in Feulgen. Thereafter, temporary squash preparations are made of the meristems.
Simulation challenges in system level electrostatic discharge modeling

Simulation of system level electrostatic discharge (ESD) is challenging due to the complexity of electronic systems, missing soft failure models for ICs and the modeling of arcing. This paper details these difficulties and points at examples of successful solutions for modeling ESD generators in SPICE and full wave, modeling of arc behavior, and simulation of ESD into products causing soft-failures.
PDGF-induced Egr-1 expression in rat mesangial cells is mediated through upstream serum response elements

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been implicated in the process of mesangial cell (MC) proliferation in vitro and in vivo. To investigate early changes in gene expression that couple biochemical events with changes in phenotype in PDGF-stimulated cultured MC, we studied expression of the early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1), a member of the family of immediate early genes. Our findings show that protein tyrosine phosphorylation is required for induction of Egr-1 mRNA and proliferation by PDGF in MC. Nuclear run-off assays show that Egr-1 induction occurs at the transcriptional level. An 11.3-fold increase in Egr-1 transcription rate was observed as early as 5 min after PDGF stimulation of MC. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that the region critical for Egr-1 inducibility by PDGF contains serum response element (SRE) consensus sequences. Sequential deletion of the Egr-1 SREs led to a stepwise drop in promoter activity, suggesting that PDGF induces Egr-1 transcription through SREs in the Egr-1 promoter region. Interestingly, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, with an Egr-1 SRE as probe, demonstrate that protein-SRE complexes of differing size undergo modest quantitative changes following PDGF stimulation. These data in MC suggest that the upstream SREs mediate the transcriptional induction of Egr-1 by PDGF.
Quality standard for assurance of measles immunity among health care workers. The Infectious Diseases Society of America.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this quality standard is to prevent nosocomial transmission of measles by assuring universal measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination of all health care workers who lack immunity to measles. Although the primary emphasis is on health care workers in hospitals, those at other sites, such as clinics, nursing homes, and schools, are also included. It will be the responsibility of designated individuals at these institutions to implement the standard. OPTIONS We considered advocating the use of measles vaccine rather than MMR but chose the latter because it also protects against mumps and rubella and because it is more readily available. OUTCOMES The desired outcome is a reduction in the nosocomial transmission of measles. EVIDENCE Although direct comparative studies are lacking, nosocomial outbreaks of measles have been reported (as recently as 1992) in institutions where measles immunization of nonimmune health care workers is not universal, whereas such outbreaks have not been reported in institutions with universal immunization. VALUES AND VALIDATION: We consulted more than 50 infectious-disease experts in epidemiology, government, medicine, nursing, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and surgery. In light of disagreement regarding the implementation of the standard, we used group discussions to reach a consensus. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS The consequences of the transmission of measles (and of mumps and rubella) in a health care institution include not only the morbidity and mortality attributable to the disease, but also the significant cost of evaluating and containing an outbreak and the serious disruption of regular hospital routines when control measures are instituted. The potential harm to health care workers after the implementation of the standard consists of untoward effects of MMR vaccine, although the reactions of vaccines should be minimal with adherence to recommended vaccination procedures. Implementation of the standard should entail no expense to health care workers; the precise cost to institutions is unknown, but the expense would be mitigated by prevention of measles outbreaks. RECOMMENDATIONS We recommend MMR vaccination of all health care workers who lack immunity to measles. SPONSORS The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the Clinical Affairs Committee of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed the standard. The subcommittee was composed of representatives of the IDSA (Drs. Gross and McGowan), the Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America (Dr. Wenzel), the Surgical Infection Society (Dr. Dellinger), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (Dr. Krause), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Dr. Martone), the Obstetrics and Gynecology Infectious Diseases Society (Dr. Sweet), and the Association of Practitioners of Infection Control (Ms. Barrett). Funding was provided by the IDSA and the other cooperating organizations. The standard is endorsed by the IDSA.
What makes a peer a peer

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to learn more about which characteristics are considered important for consumers to feel that a person is their peer. METHODS Forty-one participants in a jail diversion program for veterans were asked to rate characteristics in terms of importance for acting in a peer support role. Differences by gender, combat exposure, trauma history, and mental health and substance abuse treatment were analyzed using t tests and Pearson correlations. RESULTS Having served in the military had the highest average rating; trauma experience second. Participants with combat experience were significantly more likely than those without to indicate this as an important characteristic. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Increasingly behavioral health programs are recognizing the importance of peer involvement. This study offers guidance on who should be designated a "peer," suggesting that this should vary according to the population served and be based on the perceptions of the consumers.
Maternal metabolic syndrome programs mitochondrial dysfunction via germline changes across three generations

Maternal obesity impairs offspring health, but the responsible mechanisms are not fully established. To address this question, we fed female mice a high-fat/high-sugar diet from before conception until weaning and then followed the outcomes in the next three generations of offspring, all fed a control diet. We observed that female offspring born to obese mothers had impaired peripheral insulin signaling that was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and altered mitochondrial dynamic and complex proteins in skeletal muscle. This mitochondrial phenotype persisted through the female germline and was passed down to the second and third generations. Our results indicate that maternal programming of metabolic disease can be passed through the female germline and that the transfer of aberrant oocyte mitochondria to subsequent generations may contribute to the increased risk for developing insulin resistance.
Process Variability and Capability in Candy Production and Packaging

In this short, in-class activity, students use fun size packages of M&Ms to study process variability, including a real-world application of Cpk. How process variability and legal requirements force the company to put “Not Labeled for Individual Retail Sale” on each fun size package is discussed, as is the economics of changes the company would have to make to its processes to avoid this requirement. Variability in the weights of each candy, as well as information about the candy shell and chocolate center are also presented.
Studies of Diffusion-Influenced Fluorescence Quenching

The study of diffusion limited reactions has occupied a central place in chemistry for many years. When the intrinsic reaction is sufficiently rapid the rate of mass transport becomes the rate limiting step and the reaction is considered to be diffusion controlled or diffusion influenced. Previous studies of diffusion controlled reactions [1,2] have found excellent agreement between experimental results and the classic descriptions by Smoluchowski [3] and Collins and Kimball [4]. We present data here that demonstrates a direct observation of non-Smoluchowski behavior of a diffusion influenced bimolecular fluorescence quenching reaction.
Stochastic Tool Wear Prediction for Sustainable Manufacturing

Abstract To provide scientific support for decision-making in critical applications such as maintenance scheduling and inventory management, tool wear monitoring and service life prediction are of significance to achieving sustainable manufacturing. Past research typically assumed time-invariant machining settings in modeling wear progression, hence is limited in accurately tracking varying wear rates. This paper presents a stochastic joint-state-and-parameter model with machining setting as a parameter that affects the state evolution or tool wear propagation. The model is embedded in a particle filter for recursive wear state prediction. Effectiveness of this method is verified through experimental data measured on a CNC milling machine.
The Enzymology of Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis

The cell-free enzymology of the biosynthesis of the 2,3-trans forms of flavan-3-ols and the oligomeric 2,3-trans proanthocyanidins is now known except for the final condensation step to the oligomers. The individual enzymic steps at the C-15 level are described. A speculative model to explore the origin of the still unknown 2,3-cis pathway and its relationship to the 2,3-trans pathway is presented. This model accounts for the radioactive phenylalanine feeding experiments published by various laboratories. The pathway is also discussed in terms of the regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in gymnosperms, especially in Douglas-fir.
Factors Affecting Foraging Microhabitat Selection by Wading Birds at an Artificial Weir

Abstract. To better understand how wading birds select among microhabitats that show spatial heterogeneity, a concrete weir located at the terminus of the Little Arkansas River in Wichita, Kansas, USA, was divided into patches based on water depth. Black-crowned Night-Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax; n = 396), Great Egrets (Ardea alba; n = 54), Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula; n = 36), and Great Blue Herons (Adrea herodias; n = 30) were observed for 60 hr from 10 June-29 July 2015. The total number of individuals was recorded, as was species-specific patch use, feeding activity, and aggression. Only time of day and water depth predicted the number of birds at the weir (R 2 = 0.52). Wading bird species differed in capture efficiency, mean prey size, and patch use. Great Blue Herons and Black-crowned Night-Herons mainly captured larger fish below the weir, Snowy Egrets captured mostly smaller fish along the weir edges, and Great Egrets captured both large and small fish. Mean fish length differed by patch and ran...
Estimating Factors Contributing to Frequency and Severity of Large Truck–Involved Crashes

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that contribute to crash frequency and severity will assist better highway design and develop appropriate countermeasures for hot spots, thereby improving the safe...
Self-Control: A Critical Review and An Alternative Interpretation

The diverse literature on the problem of self-control is reviewed in an attempt to clarify a behavioral definition of the concept. The components and determinants of self-control behavior are analyzed with emphasis given to its trans-situational generalizability. Finally, data from an experiment are described to illustrate the value of conceptualizing self-control as a process involving rule acquisition, as opposed to the modification of a single problem or target response.
Learning to Read Words on Flashcards: Effects of Sentence Contexts and Word Class in Native and Nonnative English-Speaking Kindergartners

Abstract This study investigated three questions: 1) Does clarifying the meanings of words during flashcard reading better support word learning over not providing meanings? 2) Does grammatical word class affect word learning? 3) Do these manipulations affect word learning differently in native and nonnative speakers of English? Native ( n = 40) and nonnative ( n = 41) English-speaking kindergartners practiced learning to read nouns and function words on flashcards in a repeated measures, counterbalanced design with random assignment. In one condition words were taught in meaningful sentences. In the other condition words were taught in isolation. Results of ANOVAs revealed that both native and nonnative speakers of English were better able to read words when they were taught in isolation than in sentences, and native speakers were better able to spell the words as well. However, both groups showed better ability to express their meanings when words were read in semantically rich sentences than when read in isolation. Children learned to read, spell, and produce sentences for content words more easily than for function words. Results indicate that the way children practice reading words and the type of words being read influence what they learn about the words.
Biogeochemistry: Nitrogen deposition and forest carbon

Human activity, such as agricultural fertilizer use, has increased the amount of nitrogen deposited onto forests from the atmosphere. The photosynthetic response to this in evergreen needleleaf forests has been quantified globally.
Monolithic 3D neuromorphic computing system with hybrid CMOS and memristor-based synapses and neurons

Abstract Because of fabrication compatibility to current semiconductor technology, three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-ICs) offer promising near-term solutions for maintaining Moore’s Law. 3D-ICs proffer high system speeds, massively parallel processing, low power consumption, and their high densities result in small footprints. In this paper, a novel 3D neuromorphic IC architecture which combines monolithic 3D integration and a synaptic array based on vertical resistive random-access memory structure (V-RRAM) is proposed. To analyze the electrical characteristics of the proposed synaptic array, a concise equivalent circuit model of the system is developed, and analytical calculations for each parameter of the equivalent circuit are provided. Moreover, a novel signal intensity encoding neuron design that can directly convert analog signal into a spiking waveform sequence is proposed and analyzed. A feasible 3D neuromorphic computing architecture is demonstrated. Applying the monolithic 3D integration technology on neuromorphic computing system hardware implementation can reduce the power consumption by 50%, and shrink die areas by 35%.
Controlling Water Resources from “Above”: Global Water Forums

This chapter connects the local struggles, irrespective of whether they are formally or informally organized, to national activists and networks as well as global forums—the World Water Forum (WWF) and the People’s Water Forum (PWF) or the Alternative World Water Forum (AWWF) as it now known. Community-based collective rights to water have been raised, though with little success, in global forums such as the WWF. The WWF is organized by the World Water Council (WWC) once every three years. The WWC is an international think tank based in Marseille, France, whose goals are to raise awareness of global water issues. Critics of the WWF draw attention to the fact that several water multinational corporations and international bodies such as the World Bank came together to create the WWC in 1996. The WWC has direct links with two of the world’s largest water corporations, Suez and Veolia. It promotes public–private partnerships that have put water services in some Latin American countries under private ownership. An alternative formation to the WWF is the AWWF, which represents the rural poor, the environment, and organized labor. The global water justice movement is discussed in this chapter. Activists have persuaded a block of Southern governments led by Uruguay to call for an alternative forum to be led by the United Nations. Their argument is founded on a desire among global water activists for creation of a global framework of action that recognizes water as a right, thus eliminating the push for water privatization. Participants in the AWWF are mainly familiar with concerns in the location in which they operate. They can speak of the issues in these specific communities as they organize to demand rights to control access to and use of water by targeting the state and/or private entities (small private organizations or large transnational companies). But they may not have a wider perspective on these issues and the members of the actual communities confronting the problems are not always present at these meetings. Rather, it may be the community organizers (who may or may not actually be from the communities in question) who attend the transnational meetings. Language—being able to articulate—in transnational forums is also a key dimension in terms of who represents and participates in transnational forums.
The Significance of a Bilingual Repertoire of Psychological Thinking: Discussion of Dr. Malone’s Paper

Are we saying things to each other that we already know? Yes and no. To a large degree, those of us presenting papers in this symposium are in a group who have evolved somewhat similar frames of reference drawn from mutually valued theoretical views. It appears that our relatively small group read similar literature back in the 1950s and 1960s, cathected similar concepts, and tried similar clinical interventions. Slowly but somehow inexorably, our individual experiences have converged in a conference such as this one. Even our frustrations are convergent, especially those related to teaching what Charles Malone calls a “bilingual” repertoire of psychological thinking to child psychiatry trainees. I would add to this difficulty the one of demonstrating such thinking to our more experienced colleagues.
Wave energy exploitation in the Ionian Sea Hellenic coasts: spatial planning of potential wave power stations

Wave energy represents the ‘new entry’ to Renewable Energy Sources discussion, in the context of clean and sustainable energy solutions in the electricity production sector. This research describes...
Analyzing Twitter as a Platform for Alzheimer-Related Dementia Awareness: Thematic Analyses of Tweets.

Background: Dementia is a prevalent disorder among adults and often subjects an individual and his or her family. Social media websites may serve as a platform to raise awareness for dementia and allow researchers to explore health-related data. Objective: The objective of this study was to utilize Twitter, a social media website, to examine the content and location of tweets containing the keyword “dementia” to better understand the reasons why individuals discuss dementia. We adopted an approach that analyzed user location, user category, and tweet content subcategories to classify large publicly available datasets. Methods: A total of 398 tweets were collected using the Twitter search application programming interface with the keyword “dementia,” circulated between January and February 2018. Twitter users were categorized into 4 categories: general public, health care field, advocacy organization, and public broadcasting. Tweets posted by “general public” users were further subcategorized into 5 categories: mental health advocate, affected persons, stigmatization, marketing, and other. Placement into the categories was done through thematic analysis. Results: A total of 398 tweets were written by 359 different screen names from 28 different countries. The largest number of Twitter users were from the United States and the United Kingdom. Within the United States, the largest number of users were from California and Texas. The majority (281/398, 70.6%) of Twitter users were categorized into the “general public” category. Content analysis of tweets from the “general public” category revealed stigmatization (113/281, 40.2%) and mental health advocacy (102/281, 36.3%) as the most common themes. Among tweets from California and Texas, California had more stigmatization tweets, while Texas had more mental health advocacy tweets. Conclusions: Themes from the content of tweets highlight the mixture of the political climate and the supportive network present on Twitter. The ability to use Twitter to combat stigma and raise awareness of mental health indicates the benefits that can potentially be facilitated via the platform, but negative stigmatizing tweets may interfere with the effectiveness of this social support.
Contralateral slip after unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis is associated with acetabular retroversion but not increased acetabular depth and overcoverage.

Overcoverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum, increased acetabular depth and retroversion have been associated with the etiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). However, limited evidence exists about the impact of the acetabular morphology on the development of a contralateral slip following an initial presentation of unilateral SCFE. We aimed to investigate whether acetabular overcoverage as assessed by an increased lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) and low Tonnis angle, increased acetabular depth assessed by the acetabular depth-width ratio (ADR) and the presence of coxa profunda; and acetabular retroversion assessed by the presence of the crossover sign were associated with a contralateral slip in patients presenting with unilateral SCFE. We evaluated 250 patients with initial diagnosis of unilateral SCFE (average age, 12.5 ± 1.7 years), who had not undergone prophylactic fixation on the contralateral hip for a median follow-up of 49 months (interquartile range: 25-76 months). Endpoints were the development of a contralateral slip (70 patients, 28%) or skeletal maturity assessed by complete closure of the proximal femoral growth plate (180 patients, 72%). We measured the LCEA, Tonnis angle, ADR, and the coxa profunda sign on an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph. The crossover sign was assessed in 208 hips who had a secondary ossification center in the posterior acetabular rim. For each additional degree of LCEA, the odds of contralateral slip decreased 8% [odds ratio = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-0.98; P = 0.009]. Tonnis angle (P = 0.11), ADR (P = 0.20) and coxa profunda (p = 0.37) had no association with a contralateral slip. The presence of crossover sign increased two and half times the odds for a contralateral slip (odds ratio = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.12-5.64; P = 0.03). Acetabular retroversion, but not acetabular overcoverage or increased acetabular depth, was associated with contralateral SCFE development in patients with unilateral SCFE. Level of evidence: prognostic level II.
Rate-place and temporal-place representations of vowels in the auditory nerve and anteroventral cochlear nucleus

This paper considers the representation of stimuli in the peripheral parts of the auditory system. We take as an example the representation of steady-state vowels. The spectra of these stimuli are represented across the best frequency (BF) or “place” dimension of a population of auditory-nerve fibers. We discuss average rate and temporal (phase-locking) measures of the fiber responses as bases for such place representations. Formant frequencies are well represented in terms of either measure. At the level of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, temporal-place representations are preserved in populations of “primary-like” units and not in “chopper” units. We present preliminary evidence that the chopper units may sharpen a rate-place representation of the vowel spectrum.
Green synthesis of methyl-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate

Abstract In the current paper, methyl-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate was synthesized by biocatalytic transesterification of castor oil with methanol in presence of two different indigenously immobilized lipase preparations. Aiming for optimum yield (94% methyl-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate), the batch reaction was conducted to evaluate the influence of reaction time, oil to methanol ratio, and water content. The atom economy (91.67%) and E-factor (0.297) for the studied reaction was uncovered, as well as an analysis of the adherence of the twelve principles of green chemistry was summarized. The green credentials were assessed using an efficient tool in strategic planning, a strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) analysis. The operational stability of immobilized lipase reactor column (60 °C) was determined for a prolonged period (>300 h) with the intermittent water addition to maintaining live enzyme. Furthermore, the purification of methyl-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate using liquid-liquid extraction aided purity of 98%, confirmed by HPLC and GC-MS analysis.
Design and Analysis of a 28GHz 9KV ESD-Protected Distributed Travelling-Wave TRx Switch in 22nm FDSOI

This paper presents design and analysis of a 28GHz broadband single-pole double-throw (SPDT) distributed travelling-wave radio-frequency (RF) switch designed in a foundry 22nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) CMOS technology. The 28GHz SPDT transmitter-receiver (TRx) switch covers the n257 and n258 bands of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile wireless systems. Measurements show compatible switch performance to similar millimeter-wave (mm-wave) RF switches of various topologies designed in compound semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) and Si bulk CMOS technologies. The SPDT switches achieve the highest reported 9KV ESD protection in measurements. It reveals that the ESD-induced parasitic effects have substantial impacts on mm-wave broadband RF switches. Careful ESD-RFIC co-design is suggested for designing 5G RF switches in above-6GHz bands.
The Role of Non-Glycolytic Glucose Metabolism in Myocardial Recovery Following Mechanical Unloading and Circulatory Support in Chronic Heart Failure

Purpose Following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) mechanical unloading significant improvements in myocardial structure and function have been reported in some advanced heart failure (HF) patients, termed as Responders (R). Our prior work demonstrated a post-LVAD mismatch of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation characterized by upregulation of glycolysis without subsequent increase in pyruvate oxidation via the Krebs cycle. We hypothesized that the accumulated glycolytic intermediates are channeled into cardioprotective and repair pathways, such as the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and one-carbon metabolism (OCM), which may mediate myocardial structural and functional improvement in Responders. Methods We prospectively obtained myocardial tissue from Non-Failing Donor hearts (n=15) and from Responders (n=11) and Non-Responders (n=30) at LVAD implant (Pre-LVAD) and later at transplantation (Post-LVAD). Responders and Non-Responders were defined based on prior published criteria. We conducted protein expression and metabolite profiling and evaluated mitochondrial structure using electron microscopy. Results Western blot analysis of key PPP and OCM rate-limiting enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase were significantly increased in Post-LVAD Responders (Post-R). In agreement with these findings the metabolite levels of these enzyme substrates such as sedoheptulose-6-phosphate (PPP) and serine and glycine (OCM) were decreased in Post-R. Furthermore, Post-R had significantly higher NADPH levels, reduced ROS levels, improved mitochondrial dynamics and enhanced glycosylation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, α-dystroglycan, indicating increased flux of glucose into the PPP and OCM pathways and all together these findings correlated with the observed myocardial structural and functional improvement. Conclusion The recovering human heart appears to direct glycolytic metabolites into the PPP and OCM pathways which could contribute to cardioprotection and improved myocardial function by generating NADPH to enhance biosynthesis for repair and by reducing oxidative stress.
Characterizing the resting metabolic rate ratio in ovulatory exercising women over 12 months

PURPOSE A reduced resting metabolic rate (RMR) ratio and suppressed total triiodothyronine (TT3 ) have been demonstrated to reflect metabolic compensation to chronic energy deficiency. However, it is unknown whether the relationship between RMR ratio and TT3 remains constant over time. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between RMR ratio and TT3 in free-living exercising, ovulatory, weight-stable women (n = 14) for a 12-month observational period. METHODS Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and indirect calorimetry provided data on anthropometrics and energy expenditure. Harris-Benedict, DXA, and Cunningham (1980 and 1991) equations estimated RMR and RMR ratio (measured RMR/predicted RMR). Repeated measures analysis assessed changes over time (ANOVA and Friedman). Generalized linear modeling tested whether RMR ratio threshold predicted TT3 > 73.2 ng/dL or TT3 > 80 ng/dL over 12-months. RESULTS Women were 25.9 ± 5.4 years, weighed 59.6 ± 5.2 kg with BMI 22.3 ± 1.4 kg/m2 at baseline, which remained constant throughout the study (weight: P = .523; BMI: P = .511). There was no significant effect of time for RMR (P = .886), TT3 (P = .890), energy availability (P = .212), and RMR ratio (Harris-Benedict: P = .852; DXA: P = .607; Cunningham1980 : P = .754; Cunningham1991 : P = .739). When TT3 > 73.2 ng/dL, each RMR ratio threshold (Harris-Benedict: P = .021; DXA: P = .019; Cunningham1980 : P = .019; Cunningham1991 : P = .016) significantly predicted participants as energy replete; however, when using a more lenient clinical TT3 threshold of >80 ng/dL, only the DXA ratio threshold yielded a significant prediction of TT3 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between RMR ratio and TT3 remains significant and consistent over time in free-living exercising women, validating the use of RMR ratio for the longitudinal characterization of energetic status in this population (ie, prospective serial monitoring).
Cesarean Delivery and the Risk of Allergic Rhinitis in Children

Abstract Background Cesarean delivery (C-section) may influence the infant microbiome and affect immune system development and subsequent risk for allergic rhinitis (AR). Objective To investigate the association between C-section and AR at ages 6, 8, and 10 years. Methods Data were collected prospectively through Kaiser Permanente Northern Californias (KPNC) integrated healthcare system. Children were eligible if they were born in a KPNC hospital and remained in the KPNC system for minimum 6 years (n = 117,768 age 6; n = 75,115 age 8; n = 40,332 age 10). Risk ratios (RR) for C-section and AR were estimated at each follow-up age and adjusted for important covariates, including intrapartum antibiotics, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal allergic morbidities, and breastfeeding. Subanalyses considered information on C-section indication, labor, and membrane rupture. Results After adjusting for confounders, we did not observe an association between C-section and AR at follow-up ages 6, 8, or 10 years (RR [CI]: 6 years, 0.98 [0.91, 1.04]; 8 years, 1.00 [0.95, 1.07]; 10 years, 1.03 [0.96, 1.10]). In stratified analyses, there was limited evidence that C-section increases the risk of AR in certain subgroups (eg, children of non-atopic mothers, second or higher birth order children), but most estimated risk ratios were consistent with no association. Estimated associations were unaffected by participant attrition, missing data, or intrapartum antibiotics. Conclusion C-section delivery was not associated with AR at follow-up ages of 6, 8, or 10 years in a large contemporary US cohort.
Music in the Role-Playing Game: Heroes & Harmonies

The flood of recent scholarship on music in video games continues, as this book’s introduction notes, perhaps as those who grew up playing games turn to academic skills to analyze, contextualize, a...
Transcriptional Repression of SIRT3 Potentiates Mitochondrial Aconitase Activation to Drive Aggressive Prostate Cancer to the Bone.

Metabolic dysregulation is a known hallmark of cancer progression, yet the oncogenic signals that promote metabolic adaptations to drive metastatic cancer remain unclear. Here we show that transcriptional repression of mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) by androgen receptor (AR) and its coregulator steroid receptor coactivator (SRC-2) enhances mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2) activity to favor aggressive prostate cancer. ACO2 promoted mitochondrial citrate synthesis to facilitate de novo lipogenesis, and genetic ablation of ACO2 reduced total lipid content and severely repressed in vivo prostate cancer progression. A single acetylation mark lysine258 on ACO2 functioned as a regulatory motif, and the acetylation-deficient Lys258Arg-mutant was enzymatically inactive and failed to rescue growth of ACO2-deficient cells. Acetylation of ACO2 was reversibly regulated by SIRT3, which was predominantly repressed in many tumors including prostate cancer. Mechanistically, SRC-2 bound AR formed a repressive complex by recruiting histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) to the SIRT3 promoter, and depletion of SRC-2 enhanced SIRT3 expression and simultaneously reduced acetylated-ACO2. In human prostate tumors, ACO2 activity was significantly elevated and increased expression of SRC-2 with concomitant reduction of SIRT3 was found to be a genetic hallmark enriched in prostate cancer metastatic lesions. In a mouse model of spontaneous bone metastasis, suppression of SRC-2 reactivated SIRT3 expression and was sufficient to abolish prostate cancer colonization in the bone microenvironment, implying this nuclear-mitochondrial regulatory axis is a determining factor for metastatic competence.
Head and Neck Variations: Vessels

Anatomy of the head and neck is of crucial importance in many types of surgery pertaining to many subspecialties. Vascular surgeons perform carotid endarterectomies. Surgical oncologists perform radical neck dissections. Endocrine specialists perform total or subtotal thyroidectomies. General and trauma surgeons perform tracheostomies. Plastic surgeons perform free flaps to the face. Even in non-surgical specialties, those who perform endoscopy will benefit from this chapter because anatomy of the vessels below is crucial to understanding and quickly diagnosing complications. In each section, we will discuss the normal anatomy of the vessel and subsequently the common variations described in our literature to this point as well as their clinical significance. We hope this chapter and the following on soft tissue anomalies of the head and neck are helpful to all medical professionals working in this delicate area. Although we will never know all the twists and turns of the road ahead, this chapter may be a rudimentary map of what to expect when faced with a challenging journey.