cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NPACT: enhancing programs of assertive community treatment for the seriously mentally ill.

Morbidity and mortality due to physical illness is extremely high in the population of persons with serious mental illness. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact on psychiatric and physical outcomes through enhancing a standard Program of Assertive Community Treatment (PACT) with Advanced Practice Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses (APNs) and stabilized consumer peer providers (NPACT). In a two-group community comparison design, 38 participants receiving NPACT were compared to 21 participants receiving traditional PACT. Evaluations were conducted at baseline and 6 months. Significant improvements over time were demonstrated for both groups on all summary variables. Treatment effects for NPACT over PACT were demonstrated for psychiatric symptoms, community functioning, and consumer satisfaction. Conclusions: Enhancements for PACT using advanced practice nurses and consumer peer providers have the potential to address both health and mental health problems for the seriously mentally ill.
Allostatic Load and Spinal Cord Injury: Review of Existing Research and Preliminary Data

Objective: To introduce allostatic load (AL) as a framework for measuring stress-related outcomes after spinal cord injury (SCI) by identifying the number and nature of biomarkers investigated in existing studies and by generating preliminary data on AL in 30 persons with traumatic SCI. Methods: This systematic review and pilot study were conducted at a medical university in the southeastern United States. A review of literature published between 1993 and 2012 identified studies using 2 or more of 5 classes of AL biomarkers. We then collected data on 11 biomarkers (n = 30) from self-selected participants using physical exams and blood and urine specimen collection. These included waist to hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, dihydroepiandrosterone, glycosylated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine normalized by 12-hour creatinine. Results: We were unable to identify any studies inv...
Role of the sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel in hyperkalemic cardioplegia-induced myocyte swelling and reduced contractility.

Background Hyperkalemic cardioplegia (Plegisol) has been shown to result in myocyte swelling and reduced contractility. We have demonstrated the elimination of these detrimental effects by the addition of an adenosine triphosphate–sensitive K + (K ATP ) channel opener. To examine whether the mitochondrial or sarcolemmal K ATP channel might be involved, volume and contractility in isolated myocytes from wild-type mice and mice lacking the sarcolemmal K ATP channel (Kir6.2−/−) were evaluated. Methods Myocytes were perfused for 20 minutes each with control 37°C Tyrode's solution, test solution, and then control solution. Test solutions were (n = 10 per group) either 9°C Plegisol or 9°C Plegisol with 100 μmol/L of diazoxide, a putative mitochondrial-specific K ATP channel opener. Cell volume and contractility were measured by digital video microscopy at baseline and during the test solution and reexposure periods. Results Myocytes from wild-type mice, perfused with 9°C Plegisol, demonstrated significant cell swelling (11.2% ± 0.4%; p p p Conclusions The sarcolemmal K ATP channel appears necessary for exaggerated cell swelling and reduced contractility to occur after hyperkalemic cardioplegia in mouse myocytes.
Use Lean Accounting to Add Value to the Organization

Companies pursuing Lean or Lean Six Sigma need changes in management, from their organizational structures to performance measurement. Management accountants must also change their accounting systems to support the new approaches to decision making and performance measurement; they can then use Lean Accounting to add value to their organizations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glucarpidase Intervention for Delayed Methotrexate Clearance

Objective: To review and evaluate the current published literature on the effectiveness and safety of glucarpidase and to determine its potential role in clinical practice. Data Sources: A PubMed literature search from 1946 to January 2014 was performed using the search terms carboxypeptidase G2, glucarpidase, high-dose methotrexate, and leucovorin rescue. Additional references were identified by reviewing the references from the PubMed search articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language clinical trials and retrospective studies assessing the safety and effectiveness of glucarpidase were included. Case reports were excluded. Data Synthesis: A total of 5 non-randomized, prospective studies and 1 retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of glucarpidase in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate. In these studies, glucarpidase conferred a >87% reduction in serum methotrexate concentrations (sMTX) and was well tolerated. Although a substantial reduction in sMTX was obser...
Synthesis, characterization, and platinum-catalyzed hydrosilation cross-linking of copoly(methylsilylene/1,4-phenylene/methylvinylsilylene): Properties of aromatic carbosilane thermosets

Low molecular weight copoly(methylsilylene/1,4-phenylene/methylvinylsilylene) (I) has been prepared by the reaction of a mixture of methyldichlorosilane and methylvinyldichlorosilane with the di-Grignard reagent prepared fromp-dibromobenzene.I has been characterized by1H,13C, and29Si NMR as well as FT-IR spectroscopy. Its molecular weight distribution has been determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), its thermal stability in nitrogen evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and its glass transition temperature (Tg) measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Platinum-catalyzed hydrosilation cross-linking ofI yields a thermoset material. The bending modulus (logE′), tan·, andTg of these cross-linked materials have been measured by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Carbon fabric treated with catalytic amounts of platinum has been coated withI. Multilayers of coated carbon fabric have been consolidated (cured) to yield aromatic carbosilane/carbon composite materials. The interlaminar shear strength of these materials has been determined by short beam shear. Flexure strength and modulus of elasticity of these composite samples have been measured. The ultimate compressive strength and compression modulus as well as the tensile strength and elastic modulus of these have been determined.
An adaptive reduction scheme to model reactive flow

Detailed simulation of reactive flow systems using complex kinetic mechanisms consisting of hundreds of species is a computationally demanding task. In practice, to alleviate the computational complexity, the reactive flow models use a skeletal kinetic model instead of the detailed mechanism. However, the reduced chemistry models can accurately predict the detailed model only over a limited range of conditions. Since the reactive flow simulation encounters a broad range of conditions, using a single reduced model throughout the simulation incorporates inaccuracy into the predictive capacity of the flow model. In this paper, an adaptive scheme is presented, which aims at developing different reduced models to address the changing conditions of the flow simulation, thereby maintaining high accuracy throughout the simulation with relatively simple chemistry models. A new approach is developed for the analysis of the range of validity of the reduced model, which is highly nonconvex, for which the conventional techniques do not perform well. Finally, a procedure to implement the adaptive chemistry in different flow simulations is presented.
Polycrystalline elastic moduli of a high-entropy alloy at cryogenic temperatures

Abstract CrMnCoFeNi is a FCC high-entropy alloy (HEA) that exhibits strong temperature dependence of strength at low homologous temperatures in sharp contrast to pure FCC metals like Ni that show weak temperature dependence. To understand this behavior, elastic constants were determined as a function of temperature. From 300 K down to 55 K, the shear modulus (G) of the HEA changes by only 8%, increasing from 80 to 86 GPa. This temperature dependence is weaker than that of FCC Ni, whose G increases by 12% (81–91 GPa). Therefore, the uncharacteristic temperature-dependence of the strength of the HEA is not due to the temperature dependence of its shear modulus.
Crime, criminal justice, and popular culture

Significant attention has been given, especially in nonacademic circles, to various forms of popular culture and their relationship to violence, crime, and other forms of deviance. Nonetheless, relatively little criminological thought has been directed toward this important area. In this paper we articulate the value of popular culture analyses to studies of criminal justice and criminology, and describe a new scholarly journal titled the Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, which is dedicated to this topic.
Measurement invariance: Review of practice and implications

Abstract A review of efforts to assess the invariance of measurement instruments across different respondent groups using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is provided for the years since the Vandenberg and Lance [Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 4–69.] review. Investigators are more frequently reporting tests of scalar invariance and tests for differences in latent factor means and partial invariance. Efforts have been made to assess, the impact of the choice of a referent indicator in multi-group studies, the appropriateness of forming partials as indicators of a latent construct, the degree of convergence of item response theory and CFA analyses of measurement differences across groups, and the implications of findings of invariance. In this context, a demonstration of the impact of partial invariance on estimated group differences in reliability and means is provided and discussed.
Annealing adaptive search, cross‐entropy, and stochastic approximation in global optimization

The Annealing Adaptive Search (AAS) algorithm for global optimization searches the solution space by sampling from a sequence of Boltzmann distributions. For a class of optimization problems, it has been shown that the complexity of AAS increases at most linearly in the problem dimension. However, despite its desirable property, sampling from a Boltzmann distribution at each iteration of the algorithm remains a practical challenge. Prior work to address this issue has focused on embedding Markov chain-based sampling techniques within the AAS framework. In this article, based on ideas from the recent Cross-Entropy method and Model Reference Adaptive Search, we propose an algorithm, called Model-based Annealing Random Search (MARS), that complements prior work by sampling solutions from a sequence of surrogate distributions that iteratively approximate the target Boltzmann distributions. We establish a novel connection between MARS and the well-known Stochastic Approximation method. By exploiting this connection, we prove the global convergence of MARS and characterize its asymptotic convergence rate behavior. Our empirical results indicate promising performance of the algorithm in comparison with some of the existing methods. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011
Physical Computing without the Computing: Small Responsive Prototypes

This paper outlines a framework for better understanding the appropriate skills and roles of design students as developed by the author for a one-week short course on the topic of physical computing and design. Severe time constraints forced an examination of how to introduce physical computing to students with novice understandings of these systems and how they work, while maintaining expectations to prototype and produce full-scale spatial installations. This framework allowed the short-course students to deliver focused and well-crafted self-assembling lattice prototypes, while integrating the complexities of human interaction, spatial effects, fabrication, detailing, and prototyping.
Antibody responses after splenectomy and splenic autoimplantation in rats

Abstract The sequential immunologic consequences of total splenectomy, partial splenectomy, and total splenectomy with splenic implantation were investigated in an animal model. Adult male albino rats were divided into six groups: sham operated, total splenectomy, 50% splenectomy, 75% splenectomy, splenectomy with 100% intraperitoneal splenic implantation, and splenectomy with 100% subcutaneous splenic implantation. At 2, 4, and 6 months following operation, animals in each group received a single intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells. Six days later, serum hemolysin titers were measured. Results suggest the following: normal immunologic function could be expected if approximately 50% of the spleen is left in situ; intraperitoneal or subcutaneous splenic implantation improves but does not normalize antibody responses; approximately 25% of splenic tissue left in situ results in better immunologic function than 100% ectopic splenic implantation; and following total splenectomy, antibody responses to intravenously administered antigen may improve with time.
Evaluation of the 5‐year review of negative cervical smears in patients with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions

Federal regulations require laboratories to re-examine negative cervical smears from the 5 yr preceding a diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or carcinoma. To assess the value of this regulation as a quality assurance measure, we evaluated the previous cervical smears from 47 patients with a diagnosis of HSIL rendered during a 9-mo period. Fifteen patients had a total of 24 previous smears initially reported as squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). The remaining 32 patients had a total of 58 smears that carried a diagnosis lesser than SIL. Upon re-screening 22/58 (38%) smears, from 16 patients, were upgraded to SIL (8 low grade, 14 high grade). Underdiagnosed SIL was detected in seven (44%) patients with the 1-yr review, 12 (75%) with the 2-yr review, 15 (94%) with the 3-yr review, and 16 (100%) with the 5-yr review. The authors conclude that the negative smear review is a beneficial quality assurance and teaching method that may lead to quality improvement. A 3-yr retrospective review is effective and detects 94% of the undercalls.
Synergism between chemical and physical fire-suppressant agents

A pronounced synergism is reported for mixtures of physical and chemical agents used in flame extinguishment. Mixtures containing approximately 90% (by volume) of either carbon dioxide or nitrogen and 10% of CF3Br or CF2ClBr are much more effective in suppressing fires (in cup-burner tests) than would be predicted by an additivity of effects. A method is proposed for delivering solutions of chemical agents dissolved in liquid CO2 to obtain cooperative fire-suppression effects, while simultaneously reducing the danger to humans and the environment. A simple model has been developed to give very good predictions of the extinguishment concentrations of mixtures of physical and chemical agents.
Responses of estuarine macrofauna colonizing sediments contaminated with fenvalerate

Macrobenthic animal communities that colonized uncontaminated and fenvalerate-contaminated sand (0.1, 1 and 10 μg/g dry weight, nominal) in boxes placed for 8 weeks in an estuary were compared to assess effects of fenvalerate on community structure. As much as 27% of initial concentrations of this synthetic pyrethrin persisted in sediment at the end of the test. The average number of species (35.6) in communities in five replicates exposed to 10 μg/g was significantly less than that in the control (47.8) and lower concentrations (45.0 and 46.2). Of the dominant phyla collected (Annelida, Mollusca, Chordata and Arthropoda), abundance of chordates only (primarily lancelets, Branchiostoma caribaeum) was reduced by 10 μg fenvalerate/g. Biological indices applied to the data showed the greatest structural differences for communities exposed to the highest concentration, but these did not differ substantially from those for the control. Effective concentration for exposure via the sediment was five orders of magnitude greater than that for waterborne exposure determined in earlier benthic community studies.
Men with inflammatory bowel disease are rarely counseled regarding effects of immunosuppressive therapy on fertility and pregnancy.

We read with interest the article by Vermeire et al.,1 “Management of inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy”, J Crohn's and Colitis 2012; 6:811–823, which reviews the use of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in regard to fertility, pregnancy, and lactation. Vermeire et al. concluded that fertility is normal in IBD patients except for females after ileal pouch–anal reanastomosis and males under sulfasalazine treatment. Multiple immunosuppressive medications have been shown to affect male fertility, spermatogenesis, and teratogenecity.2–4 Data on the …
Observation of Weak C ? H⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bonding to Unactivated Alkanes

Weak C-H...O hydrogen bonding has been recognized to play a major role in biological molecular structures and functions. A newly developed low-temperature photoelectron spectroscopy apparatus is used here to study the C-H...O hydrogen bonding between unactivated alkanes and the carboxylate functional group. We observed that gaseous linear carboxylates, CH3(CH2)nCO2-, assume folded structures at low temperatures due to weak C-H...O hydrogen bonding between the terminal CH3 and CO2- groups for n-5. Temperature-dependent studies showed that the folding transition depends on both the temperature and the aliphatic chain length. Theoretical calculations revealed that for n = 3-8, the folded conformations are more stable than the linear structures, but C-H...O hydrogen bonding only forms for species with n-5 due to steric constraint in the smaller species. One C-H...O hydrogen-bond is formed in the n = 5 and 6 species, whereas two C-H...O hydrogen-bonds are formed for n = 7 and 8. Comparison of the photoelectron spectral shifts for the folded relative to the linear conformations yielded lower limits for the strength of the C-H...O hydrogen-bonds in CH3(CH2)nCO2-, ranging from 1.2 kcal/mol for n = 5 to 4.4 kcal/mol for n = 8.
Excision of Tamoxifen-DNA Adducts by the Human Nucleotide Excision Repair System

The antiestrogen tamoxifen is used in the treatment of breast cancer and has recently been recommended as a chemopreventive drug for women at high risk for breast cancer. However, women treated with the drug have an increased incidence of endometrial cancer. It has been suggested that this endometrial cancer might result from mutagenic DNA adducts, which are formed by electrophilic tamoxifen species generated by metabolic activation of the drug. Because the frequency of damage-induced mutations is strongly dependent on the repairability of the lesion, we investigated the repair of the major tamoxifen-DNA adducts by the human nucleotide excision repair system. Using the reconstituted human excision repair system and synthetic DNA substrates, we found that the four types of tamoxifen-DNA adducts detected in the endometrium were repaired with moderate to poor efficiency by nucleotide excision repair. It is concluded that individual variations in repair capacity may play a role in the development of tamoxifen-induced endometrial cancer.
An integrated analysis of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination in clinical trials of treatment-resistant depression.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination (OFC) versus olanzapine or fluoxetine monotherapy across all clinical trials of treatment-resistant depression sponsored by Eli Lilly and Company. Method: Efficacy and safety data from 1146 patients with a history of nonresponse during the current depressive episode who subsequently exhibited nonresponse during a 6- to 8-week antidepressant open-label lead-in phase and were randomly assigned to OFC (N = 462), fluoxetine (N = 342), or olanzapine (N = 342) for double-blind treatment were analyzed. All patients had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder as defined by DSM-III or DSM-IV criteria. The dates in which the trials were conducted ranged from May 1997 to July 2005. Results: After 8 weeks, OFC patients demonstrated significantly greater Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale improvement (mean change = -13.0) than fluoxetine (-8.6, p 10% of OFC patients were weight gain, increased appetite, dry mouth, somnolence, fatigue, headache, and peripheral edema. Random glucose mean change (mg/dL) was +7.92 for the OFC group, +1.62 for the fluoxetine group (p =.020), and +9.91 for the olanzapine group (p =.485). Random cholesterol mean change (mg/dL) was +12.4 for OFC, +2.3 for fluoxetine (p 240 subsequently) was significantly higher for the OFC group (10.2%) than for the fluoxetine group (3.1%, p =.017) but not the olanzapine group (8.0%, p =.569). Mean weight change (kg) was +4.42 for OFC, -0.15 for fluoxetine (p <.001), and +4.63 for olanzapine (p =.381), with 40.4% of OFC patients gaining ≥7% body weight (vs. olanzapine: 42.9%, p =.515; fluoxetine: 2.3%, p <.001). Conclusion: Results of this analysis showed that OFC-treated patients experienced significantly improved depressive symptoms compared with olanzapine- or fluoxetine-treated patients following failure of 2 or more antidepressants within the current depressive episode. Safety results for OFC were generally consistent with those for its component monotherapies. The total cholesterol increase associated with OFC was more pronounced than with olanzapine alone.
Paloverde: an OpenGL 3D phylogeny browser

Summary:Paloverde is a new program designed to help visualize the phylogenetic structure of moderately large trees---trees on the scale of 100--2500 leaf nodes. The program embeds the user in an interactive virtual 3D world in which a large tree presented in various layouts can be manipulated through a mouse interface. The program implements radial 2D layouts, and true 3D spiral, conical and hemispherical (i.e. truly 'tree'-like) layouts. Subclades can be defined in the input file (using standard node-based definitions) and displayed collapsed as new leaf nodes, or left intact but annotated with names around the periphery of the tree. A search tool lets the user zoom to any selected leaf node. Paloverde is an open source project written in ANSI C using the OpenGL library for 3D visualization. Availability: Source code, makefiles for Mac OS X and Linux and a compiled binary for Mac OS X are available at http://ginger.ucdavis.edu/paloverde/paloverde.html, along with a sample dataset. Contact: mjsanderson@ucdavis.edu
Structural and dynamic control of T-cell receptor specificity, cross-reactivity, and binding mechanism

Summary Over the past two decades, structural biology has shown how T-cell receptors engage peptide/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complexes and provided insight into the mechanisms underlying antigen specificity and cross-reactivity. Here we review and contextualize our contributions, which have emphasized the influence of structural changes and molecular flexibility. A repeated observation is the presence of conformational melding, in which the T-cell receptor (TCR), peptide, and in some cases, MHC protein cooperatively adjust in order for recognition to proceed. The structural changes reflect the intrinsic dynamics of the unligated proteins. Characterization of the dynamics of unligated TCR shows how binding loop motion can influence TCR cross-reactivity as well as specificity towards peptide and MHC. Examination of peptide dynamics indicates not only peptide-specific variation but also a peptide dependence to MHC flexibility. This latter point emphasizes that the TCR engages a composite peptide/MHC surface and that physically the receptor makes little distinction between the peptide and MHC. Much additional evidence for this can be found within the database of available structures, including our observations of a peptide dependence to the TCR binding mode and structural compensations for altered interatomic interactions, in which lost TCR-peptide interactions are replaced with TCR-MHC interactions. The lack of a hard-coded physical distinction between peptide and MHC has implications not only for specificity and cross-reactivity but also the mechanisms underlying MHC restriction as well as attempts to modulate and control TCR recognition.
Niacin-ER and Lovastatin Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia and Mixed Dyslipidemia

OBJECTIVETo review the currently available information on the once-daily combination of niacin extended-release (ER)/lovastatin in the treatment of patients with hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia at high risk for cardiovascular events.DATA SOURCESMEDLINE (1966–July 2002) was searched for primary and review articles. Data from the manufacturer were also included.STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTIONAll articles and product labeling deemed relevant to the combination of niacin and statins (i.e., lovastatin) were included for review. English-language studies selected for inclusion were limited to those with human subjects.DATA SYNTHESISThe Food and Drug Administration approved a new fixed-dose combination of niacin-ER/lovastatin, which is administered once daily. The efficacy and safety of the combined agent have been proven to be similar to either component used alone or in combination for management of hyperlipidemia and mixed dyslipidemia.CONCLUSIONSElevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)...
The Uses of Word Processing for Clinical Report Writing. Part I: Applications, Characteristics, and Requirements.

Clinicians, students, and administrators can save time and effort in preparing, revising, and producing reports using work processing programs on microcomputers. Word processing software can help organize reporting formats and control production cost. This article discusses the characteristics, applications, and requirements for word processing programs. Criteria for selection is explained to enable the clinician to make effective decisions in the use of microcomputers.
Infants code the direction of chromatic quadrature motion

The present experiment uses a quadrature motion paradigm to investigate the motion correspondence cues used by young infants for coding the direction of motion of red:green isoluminant gratings. Three-month-old infants and adults were tested with 0.25 c:d luminance-modulated or red:green isoluminant gratings, either moving continuously or shifted in spatial quadrature. Both direction-of-motion and detection thresholds were measured, and motion:detection (M:D) threshold ratios were examined. Infants, like adults, could code the direction of motion of red:green quadrature-shifted gratings. In adults, M:D ratios were similar for continuous and quadrature motion. In infants, M:D ratios were higher for quadrature than for continuous motion, but elevations of similar magnitude were seen for both luminance-modulated and red:green gratings. The results suggest that frequency-doubled signals, such as those often seen in the magnocellular (M-cell) pathway, are not necessary for coding the direction of motion of isoluminant gratings in infant subjects. Two other theoretical options—mediation by the scatter of isoluminance points in the M-cell population, and parvocellular (P-cell) mediation—are discussed. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Influence of different cell storage/culture conditions on spontaneous proliferation and level of tyrosine kinase receptor inhibition in two feline injection-site sarcoma cell lines.

Optimizing cell culture conditions is important when studying cell proliferation and viability, particularly in response to cytotoxic compounds. Altered cell storage conditions can adversely impact proliferation and viability in mortal cell lines. However, little is known regarding the effects on immortal feline cell lines. In the present study, two feline injection-site sarcoma (ISS) cell lines were evaluated under standard culture conditions and three alternative storage/culture conditions for spontaneous proliferation rate and sensitivity to masitinib, a highly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against primary and metastatic ISS cell lines. Cell viability was assessed by 7-aminoactinomycin D and cytology. Spontaneous proliferation did not significantly differ across the FBS concentrations (10% vs. 1%) for one cell line, however, with the other cell line spontaneous proliferation was significantly decreased in the 1% FBS 1-step technique, and the cold step technique at both 1% and 10% FB...
Using Debate to Maximize Learning Potential: A Case Study.

Following a review of the literature, an educational case study is provided for the benefit of faculty preparing college courses. In particular, we provide a transcribed debate utilized in a General Psychology course as a best practice example of how to craft a debate which maximizes student learning. The work is presented as a model for the principles of not building straw-men arguments, not shying away from controversial topics, giving politically-incorrect viewpoints fair treatment, making a crisp presentation that students will take seriously, and exemplifying gender-equity and aggressive female role-modeling. Reparative therapy and homosexual orientation was the debate’s topic.
On the complexity of monotonic inheritance with roles

We investigate the complexity of reasoning with monotonic inheritance hierarchies that contain, beside ISA edges, also ROLE (or FUNCTION) edges. A ROLE edge is an edge labelled with a name such as spouse-of or brother-of. We call such networks ISAR networks. Given a network with n vertices and m edges, we consider two problems: (P1) determining whether the network implies an isa relation between two particular nodes, and (P2) determining all isa relations implied by the network. As is well known, without ROLE edges the time complexity of P1 is O(m), and the time complexity of P2 is O(n3). Unfortunately, the results do not extend naturally to ISAR networks, except in a very restricted case. For general ISAR network we frost give an polynomial algorithm by an easy reduction to proposional Horn theory. As the degree of the polynomial is quite high (O(mn4) for P1, O(mn6) for P2), we then develop a more direct algorithm. For both P1, and P2, its complexity is O(n3 + m2). Actually, a finer analysis of the algorithm reveals a complexity of O(nr(Zog r) + n2r + n3), where r is the number of different ROLE labels. One corolary is that if we fix the number of ROLE labels, the complexity of our algorithm drops back to O(n3).
Rat Indwelling Urinary Catheter Model of Candida albicans Biofilm Infection

Indwelling urinary catheters are commonly used in the management of hospitalized patients. Candida can adhere to the device surface and propagate as a biofilm. These Candida biofilm communities differ from free-floating Candida, exhibiting high tolerance to antifungal therapy. The significance of catheter-associated candiduria is often unclear, and treatment may be problematic considering the biofilm drug-resistant phenotype. Here we describe a rodent model for the study of urinary catheter-associated Candida albicans biofilm infection that mimics this common process in patients. In the setting of a functioning, indwelling urinary catheter in a rat, Candida proliferated as a biofilm on the device surface. Characteristic biofilm architecture was observed, including adherent, filamentous cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. Similar to what occurs in human patients, animals with this infection developed candiduria and pyuria. Infection progressed to cystitis, and a biofilmlike covering was observed over the bladder surface. Furthermore, large numbers of C. albicans cells were dispersed into the urine from either the catheter or bladder wall biofilm over the infection period. We successfully utilized the model to test the efficacy of antifungals, analyze transcriptional patterns, and examine the phenotype of a genetic mutant. The model should be useful for future investigations involving the pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, prevention, and drug resistance of Candida biofilms in the urinary tract.
Changes in visual function following optical treatment of astigmatism-related amblyopia

Abstract Effects of optical correction on best-corrected grating acuity (vertical (V), horizontal (H), oblique (O)), vernier acuity (V, H, O), contrast sensitivity (1.5, 6.0, and 18.0 cy/deg spatial frequency, V and H), and stereoacuity were evaluated prospectively in 4- to 13-year-old astigmats and a non-astigmatic age-matched control group. Measurements made at baseline (eyeglasses dispensed for astigmats), 6 weeks, and 1 year showed greater improvement in astigmatic than non-astigmatic children for all measures. Treatment effects occurred by 6 weeks, and did not differ by cohort (
5-HT2A Receptor Induces ERK Phosphorylation and Proliferation through ADAM-17 Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-converting Enzyme (TACE) Activation and Heparin-bound Epidermal Growth Factor-like Growth Factor (HB-EGF) Shedding in Mesangial Cells

In this study, we present multiple lines of evidence to support a critical role for heparin-bound EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) (ADAM17) in the transactivation of EGF receptor (EGFR), ERK phosphorylation, and cellular proliferation induced by the 5-HT(2A) receptor in renal mesangial cells. 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) resulted in rapid activation of TACE, HB-EGF shedding, EGFR activation, ERK phosphorylation, and longer term increases in DNA content in mesangial cells. ERK phosphorylation was attenuated by 1) neutralizing EGFR antibodies and the EGFR kinase inhibitor, AG1478, 2) neutralizing HB-EGF, but not amphiregulin, antibodies, heparin, or CM197, and 3) pharmacological inhibitors of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases or TACE small interfering RNA. Exogenously administered HB-EGF stimulated ERK phosphorylation. Additionally, TACE was co-immunoprecipitated with HB-EGF. Small interfering RNA against TACE also blocked 5-HT-induced increases in ERK phosphorylation, HB-EGF shedding, and DNA content. In aggregate, this work supports a pathway map that can be depicted as follows: 5-HT --> 5-HT(2A) receptor --> TACE --> HB-EGF shedding --> EGFR --> ERK --> increased DNA content. To our knowledge, this is the first time that TACE has been implicated in 5-HT-induced EGFR transactivation or in proliferation induced by a G protein-coupled receptor in native cells in culture.
Body Image and Disordered Eating in Romantic Relationships

This study explored the relations between eating, weight, and shape (EWS) concerns and romantic relationships in college women and their partners. Eighty-eight heterosexual couples (176 individuals) completed two assessments spaced two months apart. Results indicated that neither women's relationship functioning nor perceptions of their partners' desired changes in their bodies predicted changes in women's EWS concerns. However, after controlling for women's values, men's relationship functioning, as well as men's desired change in their partners' bodies, predicted changes in women's EWS concerns. There was partial support for the idea that EWS constructs would predict changes in relationship functioning; specifically, several types of women's EWS concerns predicted changes in women's and men's relationship outcomes two months later. Additionally, after controlling for women's perceptions, men's desired change in their partners' bodies predicted change in women's relationship outcomes. Overall, this study...
Comparative Analysis of Yeast Metabolic Network Models Highlights Progress, Opportunities for Metabolic Reconstruction

We have compared 12 genome-scale models of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic network published since 2003 to evaluate progress in reconstruction of the yeast metabolic network. We compared the genomic coverage, overlap of annotated metabolites, predictive ability for single gene essentiality with a selection of model parameters, and biomass production predictions in simulated nutrient-limited conditions. We have also compared pairwise gene knockout essentiality predictions for 10 of these models. We found that varying approaches to model scope and annotation reflected the involvement of multiple research groups in model development; that single-gene essentiality predictions were affected by simulated medium, objective function, and the reference list of essential genes; and that predictive ability for single-gene essentiality did not correlate well with predictive ability for our reference list of synthetic lethal gene interactions (R = 0.159). We conclude that the reconstruction of the yeast metabolic network is indeed gradually improving through the iterative process of model development, and there remains great opportunity for advancing our understanding of biology through continued efforts to reconstruct the full biochemical reaction network that constitutes yeast metabolism. Additionally, we suggest that there is opportunity for refining the process of deriving a metabolic model from a metabolic network reconstruction to facilitate mechanistic investigation and discovery. This comparative study lays the groundwork for developing improved tools and formalized methods to quantitatively assess metabolic network reconstructions independently of any particular model application, which will facilitate ongoing efforts to advance our understanding of the relationship between genotype and cellular phenotype.
Tetrandrine down-regulated CDK4 and CDK6 expression, and induced G1 cell cycle arrest in both p53-dependent and -independent ways.

2030 Tetrandrine is a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the root of Stephania tetrandra. To investigate the mechanism of the anti-tumor activity of tetrandrine, we investigated the cellular and molecular effects of tetrandrine in HT29 human colon carcinoma cells. Tetrandrine suppressed the growth of HT29 cells by both MTT assay and clonogenic assay at low micromolar concentrations, and induced apoptosis as demonstrated by TUNEL and Annexin-V staining assays. Tetrandrine induced significant G1 phase arrest in nocodazole- and serum-starved synchronized cells. However, tetrandrine did not prevent G1/S transition following aphidicolin synchronization, which demonstrates that tetrandrine induces early G1 arrest. To explore the mechanism of tetrandrine-induced G1 arrest, the effect of tetrandrine on CDK activities was examined. Tetrandrine inhibited purified CDK2/cyclin E and CDK4 but not CDK1/cyclin A, CDK1/cyclin B and CDK6. Investigation of G1/S regulatory proteins by Western blotting showed decreased expression of CDK4, CDK6, CyclinD1, E2F1 and down-regulation of Rb phosphorylation. These downregulations were blocked by the 26S proteasome inhibitor, indicating that tetrandrine treatment induces the degradation of G1 cell cycle proteins by the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome-dependent pathway. Furthermore, decreased level of hyperphosphorylated form of Rb couldn’t be prevented by protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor Calyculin-A. Tetrandrine also induced G1 arrest and increased expression of p53 and p21cip1 in HCT116 cells. These results suggest that tetrandrine arrest cells in G1 and induces apoptosis by down-regulating key G1 regulatory proteins, such as CDK4 and CDK6, and inducing p53.
Post-Traumatic Ventricular Enlargement in the Traumatic Coma Data Bank: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Influence on Outcome

Post-traumatic ventricular enlargement (PTVE) is a known consequence of head injury. However, its incidence and factors associated with its occurrence have not been well delineated in the severely head injured patient. We have investigated PTVE int the Traumatic Coma Data Bank (TCDB) to define its incidence, risk factors, and impact on outcome in severely head injured patients.
International geography field courses: practices and challenges

AbstractThis paper introduces a special issue of the Journal of Geography in Higher Education on the practices and challenges associated with taking undergraduate geography students abroad on field courses. I argue that geography is positioned to benefit from both the internationalization of higher education and the demand by students for global experiences. The papers in this special issue focus on three aspects of international field courses: curriculum design and international partnerships, student engagement during short-duration field courses, and how encounters with place can be aided through reflection and play. I conclude with suggestions for future research on international field courses.
Genome-Wide Manipulations of Drosophila melanogaster with Transposons, Flp Recombinase, and ΦC31 Integrase

Transposable elements, the Flp recombinase, and the ΦC31 integrase are used in Drosophila melanogaster for numerous genome-wide manipulations. Often, their use is combined in a synergistic fashion to alter and engineer the fruit fly genome. Transposons are the foundation for all transgenic technologies in flies and hence almost all innovations in the fruit fly. They have been instrumental in the generation of genome-wide collections of insertions for gene disruption and manipulation. Many important transgenic strains of these collections are available from public repositories. The Flp protein is the most widely used recombinase to induce mitotic clones to study individual gene function. However, Flp has also been used to generate chromosome- and genome-wide collections of precise deletions, inversions, and duplications. Similarly, transposons that contain attP attachment sites for the ΦC31 integrase can be used for numerous applications. This integrase was incorporated into a transgenesis system that allows the integration of small to very large DNA fragments that can be easily manipulated through recombineering. This system allowed the creation of genomic DNA libraries for genome-wide gene manipulations and X chromosome duplications. Moreover, the attP sites are being used to create libraries of tens of thousands of RNAi constructs and tissue-specific GAL4 lines. This chapter focuses on genome-wide applications of transposons, Flp recombinase, and ΦC31 integrase that greatly facilitate experimental manipulation of Drosophila.
Exercise Guidelines for the Postmenopausal Woman

After completing this chapter, you should have an understanding of the following: • The cardiopulmonary physiology for older women when engaging in activity. • The changes in bone mass density for postmenopausal women. • The conformational changes of muscles and strength capabilities as women age. • Guidelines for appropriate exercise for postmenopausal women.
Database Coverage for Research in Management Information Systems

This study examines the database coverage of management information systems (MIS) journals and journal articles referenced by MIS researchers. Lists of titles and references were checked for coverage in twelve databases representing a variety of vendors: five multidisciplinary databases, four business databases, and three computer science or applied science databases. The best coverage of MIS journals is found in ABI/INFORM Global and Business Source Premier. The best coverage of articles referenced by MIS scholars is offered by the same two databases, although Business Source Premier offers significantly more full text. Business Source Premier and Web of Science provide the best coverage for any pair of the databases.
Care for the patient with burns in the trauma rehabilitation setting

Caring for patients who are recovering from severe burns is not common in most rehabilitation settings. Nursing challenges include patients' physical and psychological changes and their high care demands. Harborview Medical Center, a regional level 1 burn and trauma center in Seattle, Washington, accepted these nursing challenges and developed a successful plan of care consistent with current evidence. This article describes Harborview Medical Center's trauma rehabilitation nursing experiences while caring for patients with burns. Our experiences may assist other rehabilitation units that serve patients with burns. Says one burn survivor: "Nurses make a huge difference in recovery, as they are there 24 hours a day. It is their touch, their caring, and their listening that aid the patient in his journey from fire victim to burn survivor."
Linoleic acid and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Objective Prior studies on linoleic acid, the predominant n-6 fatty acid, and breast cancer risk have generated inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence regarding the relationship of dietary and serum linoleic acid with breast cancer risk. Design Pertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed and EMBASE. The fixed- or random-effect pooled measure was selected based on between-study heterogeneity. Results Eight prospective cohort studies and four prospective nested case–control studies, involving 10 410 breast cancer events from 358 955 adult females across different countries, were included in present study. Compared with the lowest level of linoleic acid, the pooled relative risk (RR; 95 % CI) of breast cancer was 0·98 (0·93, 1·04) for the highest level of linoleic acid. The pooled RR (95 % CI) for dietary and serum linoleic acid were 0·99 (0·92, 1·06) and 0·98 (0·88, 1·08), respectively. The RR (95 % CI) of breast cancer was 0·97 (0·91, 1·04), 0·95 (0·85, 1·07), 0·96 (0·86, 1·07), 0·98 (0·87, 1·10) and 0·99 (0·85, 1·14) for linoleic acid intake of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g/d, respectively. The risk of breast cancer decreased by 1 % (RR=0·99; 95 % CI 0·93, 1·05) for every 10 g/d increment in linoleic acid intake. Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated that both dietary linoleic acid intake and serum linoleic acid level were associated with decreased risk of breast cancer, although none of the associations were statistically significant. Further investigations are warranted.
Mechanism of hydraulically created fracture breakdown and propagation based on fractal method

The tortuosity shape of rock crack was described by using the fractal geometry model,and the expression of rock stress intensity factor was established.The fracture initiation pressure of bottom rock was analyzed as the example of bare well,and the computation model of crack internal pressure and the crack width equation considereing the crack fractal extended were presented.The theoretical analysis results show that the calculation results were affected by tortuosity degree of extended way of rock.The results of model considering the crack fractal extended is bigger than the calculation result of right line extended model,and the crack width ratio of two models increases with the fractal dimension of fractured surface increasing.
Methods of Feeding and Nursing the Giant Panda Cub with Chilognathopalatoschisis

To analyze the ways to feed and nurse a giant panda cub with chilognathopalatoschisis and congenital heart diseases,three methods were used including bottle feed,drop method and a gastric tube when the animal was being supplied with the oxygen.The results showed that the giant panda cub with chilognathopalatoschisis and congenital heart diseases in different situations was fed and nursed successfully.
Fas and apoptosis in the alveolar epithelium: holes in the dike?

one of the perks of teachingrespiratory physiology to graduate and medical students is the frequent opportunity to discuss the pathogenic mechanisms underlying acute lung injury and edema formation with a relatively unbiased audience. The available textbooks designed for these students do an